Naeem Ahmad Khan
Encyclopedia
Naeem Ahmad Khan is a Pakistan
i nuclear physicist and meteorologist, known for his work to the fields of Solid-state nuclear track detector and Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance
. He is a Professor
of Meteorology
at the Pakistan Air Force Academy
, Risalpur
, and a visiting professor of nuclear physics
at the Air University, Pakistan Air Force.
(East Punjab
) British India to an ethnic Pathan
family. He completed his elementary
, middle
, and high school
education
from there and moved to New Delhi
along with his family to attend Saint Stephen's College
. At there, Khan gained his B.A.
with Honors in Mathematics
from there in 1946.
Khan's family moved to newly-founded country, Pakistan
and the family settled in Karachi
, West-Pakistan
. Naeem Ahmad Khan attended the Sindh University where he opted M.A.
in Mathematics in 1950, followed by his M.Sc.
in Particle Physics
from the Karachi University in 1955. Khan then traveled to Manchester
, Greater Manchester
, England
, United Kingdom
with Commonwealth Scholarship. He attended Manchester University where he did his D.Phil.
in nuclear physics
from there in 1958.
, Khan joined India Meteorological Department
in August
1946 where he worked there as a junior technical staff. After the partition of India
, Khan's family migrated to West Pakistan
, Pakistan
where they settled in Karachi
He then opted Pakistani citizenship to serve in Pakistan, and was transferred to Pakistan Meteorological Department
(PMD) as a Professional Assistant. In 1950, he was promoted to assistant meteorologist at the PMD. In 1951, he joined Pakistan Air Force
and did his commissioned service there. However, the same year, he left Air Force and rejoined PMD as an assistant meteorologist where he stayed there till 1961. During his doctoral studies, he served with PMD as an visiting meteorologist. While in United Kingdom
, Khan worked as a post-doctoral Fellow at the Atomic Energy Research Establishment
, Harwell
, England
from 1961 till 1962 and was a Research Fellow at the Bartol Research Foundation of the Franklin Institute
, Philadelphia, United States.
After his D.Phil., Khan reluctantly returned to Pakistan and was transferred to Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
, headquartered in Karachi
. Khan began his research in physics, mainly concerning in low energy nuclear fission and low-energy physics. At PAEC, he was also promoted as Senior Scientific Officer at "PAEC Physics Laboratories, Karachi". In 1965, when Pakistan Atomic Energy Center (PAEC), Lahore, was established, Khan was given transferred to PAEC-Lahore, where he was promoted as an Officiating Director
of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Minerals Centre (PAEMC). In 1969, he joined newly-founded nuclear technology research institute, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology
(PINSTECH) as research-director where he established the "Nuclear Physics Division" there.
In 1970, he was given transferred to Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission as Director of Training and International Affairs
, and then as PAEC Secretary. In 1975, he was promoted as Director of Research Technological Department (RTD) at PAEC Headquarters. In 1977, he returned to PINSTECH and was promoted as Director of the institute.
In 1969, while at PINSTECH, he began teaching and providing the training of Pakistani scientists and engineers to the field of nuclear reactor technology. He then founded the "Nuclear Physics Group (NPG)" at PINSTECH, and had Hafeez Qureshi
, Sultan Bashiruddin Mahmood
and Samar Mubarakmand
. The NPG was an educational and research think tank group of nuclear scientists which was mandated to carried out the research in nuclear and reactor technology. Among one of his distinguish students was Mr. Muhammad Hafeez Qureshi
, a mechanical engineer who became one of the chief architect of Pakistan's nuclear weapons. It was Khan's teaching and guidance that Qureshi expertised in nuclear weapon techonology
, Isotopes
and Uranium centrifuge techonlogy.
A senior scientist at PAEC, Khan had participated in the development of an atomic bomb throughout the 1970s. Khan along with his PAEC students, Hafeez Qureshi
and Samar Mubarakmand
, had participated and witnessed the cold test
of a nuclear device on March 11, 1983 near at Kirana Hills. The test was carried out near at Air Force's Sargodha Air Force Base
, the military facility where he previously had worked as a commissioned officer during 1950s.
In 1984, Khan was appointed Chairman of the Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR
) where he led the organization for 5 years. In 1989, Khan was appointed as Advisor (Technical)
to the Committee on Scientific and Technological Cooperation (COMSTECH), where he served there for seven years. In 1996, he became a vice-president of Pakistan Academy of Sciences
and had served there for 1 year. In 1997, Kha moved to Karachi
and joined Karachi University where he taught applied physics
courses there. In 2004, Khan moved to Lahore
and joined the University of the Punjab
as a full professor there. At Punjab University, he had supervised the five Ph.Ds.
of PAEC scientists who earned under his supervision. In 2007, Khan moved to Risalpur
where he joined Pakistan Air Force Academy
to teach meteorology
.
, nuclear physics
and engineering
. He is renowned for his work in nuclear fission production and fissional material. Khan, in 1989, co-authored the brief study of Solid-state nuclear track detection, under the name of "Solid State Nuclear Track Detection: A Useful Tool for Basic and Applied Science Research", with another PAEC scientist Hameed Ahmad Khan. In 1980s, Khan had supervised the SSNTD project at the SSNTD Laboratory at Nuclear Engineering Division. The SSTND project have brought the rich experience and research to the field of physics in Pakistan. He had played a vital role in the established of the SSTND Laboratory, whereas he had a central role in the development of the nuclear and particle detector
s at PINSTECH.
In 1989, Khan and his team of scientist at the PINSTECH have studied the behaviour of 960 MeV
/nucleon
238U
ions
while passing through a stack of CR-39 detectors
. Khan's team had observed that the uranium ions not only underwent binary fission, but also broke into +p, 2+α
, and heavier ions
while moving through the stack. These results are unique due to the fact that the break up takes place only when the 960 MeV/nucleon-238U ions are slowed down to about 200 MeV/nucleon energy
and such events are not observed when these ions having a starting energy of 460 MeV/nucleon are slowed down to about 200 MeV/nucleon in 39CR. The results suggest that the starting energy is of great importance in such break ups.
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
i nuclear physicist and meteorologist, known for his work to the fields of Solid-state nuclear track detector and Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance
Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance
Solid-state NMR spectroscopy is a kind of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, characterized by the presence of anisotropic interactions.-Introduction:Basic concepts...
. He is a Professor
Professor
A professor is a scholarly teacher; the precise meaning of the term varies by country. Literally, professor derives from Latin as a "person who professes" being usually an expert in arts or sciences; a teacher of high rank...
of Meteorology
Meteorology
Meteorology is the interdisciplinary scientific study of the atmosphere. Studies in the field stretch back millennia, though significant progress in meteorology did not occur until the 18th century. The 19th century saw breakthroughs occur after observing networks developed across several countries...
at the Pakistan Air Force Academy
Pakistan Air Force Academy
"RAF Risalpur", "Risalpur Airbase/Airfield" & "Pakistan Air Force/PAF Base Risalpur" redirects here.The Pakistan Air Force Academy also known as PAFA, is an accredited co-educational four-year college for the undergraduate education of officer candidates for the Pakistan Air Force...
, Risalpur
Risalpur
Risalpur is a city in Nowshera District, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, on the Nowshera-Mardan Road. It is nearly 45 km from Peshawar and 15 km from Mardan and is located at 34°4'52N 71°58'21E. In a basin some 1014 feet above sea level, it is bounded on the south and west by the Kabul and...
, and a visiting professor of nuclear physics
Nuclear physics
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies the building blocks and interactions of atomic nuclei. The most commonly known applications of nuclear physics are nuclear power generation and nuclear weapons technology, but the research has provided application in many fields, including those...
at the Air University, Pakistan Air Force.
Early life
Naeem Ahmad Khan was born on April 12, 1928 in HoshiarpurHoshiarpur
Hoshiarpur is a city and a municipal council in Hoshiarpur district in the Indian state of Punjab. It was founded, according to tradition, during the early part of the fourth century. In 1809 it was occupied by the forces of Maharaja Karanvir Singh and was united into the greater state of Punjab....
(East Punjab
East Punjab
East Punjab was the part of the Punjab region that went to India following the Partition of the Punjab Province of British India between India and Pakistan in 1947...
) British India to an ethnic Pathan
Pashtun people
Pashtuns or Pathans , also known as ethnic Afghans , are an Eastern Iranic ethnic group with populations primarily between the Hindu Kush mountains in Afghanistan and the Indus River in Pakistan...
family. He completed his elementary
Elementary school
An elementary school or primary school is an institution where children receive the first stage of compulsory education known as elementary or primary education. Elementary school is the preferred term in some countries, particularly those in North America, where the terms grade school and grammar...
, middle
Middle school
Middle School and Junior High School are levels of schooling between elementary and high schools. Most school systems use one term or the other, not both. The terms are not interchangeable...
, and high school
High school
High school is a term used in parts of the English speaking world to describe institutions which provide all or part of secondary education. The term is often incorporated into the name of such institutions....
education
Education
Education in its broadest, general sense is the means through which the aims and habits of a group of people lives on from one generation to the next. Generally, it occurs through any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts...
from there and moved to New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi is the capital city of India. It serves as the centre of the Government of India and the Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. New Delhi is situated within the metropolis of Delhi. It is one of the nine districts of Delhi Union Territory. The total area of the city is...
along with his family to attend Saint Stephen's College
St. Stephen's College, Delhi
St. Stephen's College is a constituent college of the University of Delhi located in Delhi, India. The college admits both undergraduates and post-graduates, and awards degrees under the purview of the University. Famous for its rich history and many traditions, St...
. At there, Khan gained his B.A.
Bachelor of Arts
A Bachelor of Arts , from the Latin artium baccalaureus, is a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, the sciences, or both...
with Honors in Mathematics
Mathematics
Mathematics is the study of quantity, space, structure, and change. Mathematicians seek out patterns and formulate new conjectures. Mathematicians resolve the truth or falsity of conjectures by mathematical proofs, which are arguments sufficient to convince other mathematicians of their validity...
from there in 1946.
Khan's family moved to newly-founded country, Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
and the family settled in Karachi
Karachi
Karachi is the largest city, main seaport and the main financial centre of Pakistan, as well as the capital of the province of Sindh. The city has an estimated population of 13 to 15 million, while the total metropolitan area has a population of over 18 million...
, West-Pakistan
West Pakistan
West Pakistan , common name West-Pakistan , in the period between its establishment on 22 November 1955 to disintegration on December 16, 1971. This period, during which, Pakistan was divided, ended when East-Pakistan was disintegrated and succeeded to become which is now what is known as Bangladesh...
. Naeem Ahmad Khan attended the Sindh University where he opted M.A.
Master of Arts (postgraduate)
A Master of Arts from the Latin Magister Artium, is a type of Master's degree awarded by universities in many countries. The M.A. is usually contrasted with the M.S. or M.Sc. degrees...
in Mathematics in 1950, followed by his M.Sc.
Master of Science
A Master of Science is a postgraduate academic master's degree awarded by universities in many countries. The degree is typically studied for in the sciences including the social sciences.-Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay:...
in Particle Physics
Particle physics
Particle physics is a branch of physics that studies the existence and interactions of particles that are the constituents of what is usually referred to as matter or radiation. In current understanding, particles are excitations of quantum fields and interact following their dynamics...
from the Karachi University in 1955. Khan then traveled to Manchester
Manchester
Manchester is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England. According to the Office for National Statistics, the 2010 mid-year population estimate for Manchester was 498,800. Manchester lies within one of the UK's largest metropolitan areas, the metropolitan county of Greater...
, Greater Manchester
Greater Manchester
Greater Manchester is a metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2.6 million. It encompasses one of the largest metropolitan areas in the United Kingdom and comprises ten metropolitan boroughs: Bolton, Bury, Oldham, Rochdale, Stockport, Tameside, Trafford, Wigan, and the...
, England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
, United Kingdom
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
with Commonwealth Scholarship. He attended Manchester University where he did his D.Phil.
Doctor of Philosophy
Doctor of Philosophy, abbreviated as Ph.D., PhD, D.Phil., or DPhil , in English-speaking countries, is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities...
in nuclear physics
Nuclear physics
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies the building blocks and interactions of atomic nuclei. The most commonly known applications of nuclear physics are nuclear power generation and nuclear weapons technology, but the research has provided application in many fields, including those...
from there in 1958.
Academic career
While at New DelhiNew Delhi
New Delhi is the capital city of India. It serves as the centre of the Government of India and the Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. New Delhi is situated within the metropolis of Delhi. It is one of the nine districts of Delhi Union Territory. The total area of the city is...
, Khan joined India Meteorological Department
India Meteorological Department
The India Meteorological Department , also referred to as the Met Office, is an agency of the Ministry of Earth Sciences of the Government of India. It is the principal agency responsible for meteorological observations, weather forecasting and seismology...
in August
August
August is the eighth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian Calendars and one of seven months with a length of 31 days.This month was originally named Sextilis in Latin, because it was the sixth month in the original ten-month Roman calendar under Romulus in 753 BC, when March was the first...
1946 where he worked there as a junior technical staff. After the partition of India
Partition of India
The Partition of India was the partition of British India on the basis of religious demographics that led to the creation of the sovereign states of the Dominion of Pakistan and the Union of India on 14 and 15...
, Khan's family migrated to West Pakistan
West Pakistan
West Pakistan , common name West-Pakistan , in the period between its establishment on 22 November 1955 to disintegration on December 16, 1971. This period, during which, Pakistan was divided, ended when East-Pakistan was disintegrated and succeeded to become which is now what is known as Bangladesh...
, Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
where they settled in Karachi
Karachi
Karachi is the largest city, main seaport and the main financial centre of Pakistan, as well as the capital of the province of Sindh. The city has an estimated population of 13 to 15 million, while the total metropolitan area has a population of over 18 million...
He then opted Pakistani citizenship to serve in Pakistan, and was transferred to Pakistan Meteorological Department
Pakistan Meteorological Department
The Pakistan Meteorological Department, also known as Pak Met Office, is a Government of Pakistan organization which works under the Ministry of Defence...
(PMD) as a Professional Assistant. In 1950, he was promoted to assistant meteorologist at the PMD. In 1951, he joined Pakistan Air Force
Pakistan Air Force
The Pakistan Air Force is the leading air arm of the Pakistan Armed Forces and is primarily tasked with the aerial defence of Pakistan with a secondary role of providing air support to the Pakistan Army and the Pakistan Navy. The PAF also has a tertiary role of providing strategic air transport...
and did his commissioned service there. However, the same year, he left Air Force and rejoined PMD as an assistant meteorologist where he stayed there till 1961. During his doctoral studies, he served with PMD as an visiting meteorologist. While in United Kingdom
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
, Khan worked as a post-doctoral Fellow at the Atomic Energy Research Establishment
Atomic Energy Research Establishment
The Atomic Energy Research Establishment near Harwell, Oxfordshire, was the main centre for atomic energy research and development in the United Kingdom from the 1940s to the 1990s.-Founding:...
, Harwell
Harwell
Harwell may refer to:*Harwell, Nottinghamshire, England*Harwell, Oxfordshire, England, a village**RAF Harwell, a World War II RAF airfield, near Harwell village....
, England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
from 1961 till 1962 and was a Research Fellow at the Bartol Research Foundation of the Franklin Institute
Franklin Institute
The Franklin Institute is a museum in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and one of the oldest centers of science education and development in the United States, dating to 1824. The Institute also houses the Benjamin Franklin National Memorial.-History:On February 5, 1824, Samuel Vaughn Merrick and...
, Philadelphia, United States.
After his D.Phil., Khan reluctantly returned to Pakistan and was transferred to Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, , is an administrative governmental and autonomous science and technology governmental department of Pakistan, responsible for development of nuclear energy and development of nuclear power sector in Pakistan...
, headquartered in Karachi
Karachi
Karachi is the largest city, main seaport and the main financial centre of Pakistan, as well as the capital of the province of Sindh. The city has an estimated population of 13 to 15 million, while the total metropolitan area has a population of over 18 million...
. Khan began his research in physics, mainly concerning in low energy nuclear fission and low-energy physics. At PAEC, he was also promoted as Senior Scientific Officer at "PAEC Physics Laboratories, Karachi". In 1965, when Pakistan Atomic Energy Center (PAEC), Lahore, was established, Khan was given transferred to PAEC-Lahore, where he was promoted as an Officiating Director
Director of Officiating
The Director of Officiating can refer to a position within several professional sports leagues:*The National Football League has a Director of Officiating*The National Hockey League has a Director of Officiating...
of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Minerals Centre (PAEMC). In 1969, he joined newly-founded nuclear technology research institute, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology
Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology
The Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, or commonly known as "PINSTECH", is a multi-program science and technology national research institute managed by the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission. The PINSTECH offers a post-graduate and post-doctoral research in the field of nuclear...
(PINSTECH) as research-director where he established the "Nuclear Physics Division" there.
In 1970, he was given transferred to Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission as Director of Training and International Affairs
International affairs
International affairs may refer to:* Diplomacy* International relations* International Affairs Association* International Affairs , a peer-reviewed academic journal first published in 1924...
, and then as PAEC Secretary. In 1975, he was promoted as Director of Research Technological Department (RTD) at PAEC Headquarters. In 1977, he returned to PINSTECH and was promoted as Director of the institute.
In 1969, while at PINSTECH, he began teaching and providing the training of Pakistani scientists and engineers to the field of nuclear reactor technology. He then founded the "Nuclear Physics Group (NPG)" at PINSTECH, and had Hafeez Qureshi
Muhammad Hafeez Qureshi
Muhammad Hafeez Qureshi , Neuclear Physics. SI, HI, , also known as Hafeez Qureshi, was a Pakistani Nuclear Scientist...
, Sultan Bashiruddin Mahmood
Sultan Bashiruddin Mahmood
Sultan Bashiruddin Mahmood, otherwise written as, Sultan Bashir-ud-Din Mehmood), and Manchester, United Kingdom. A controversial figure, Bashiruddin Mahmood is widely popular in Pakistan's scientific and religious circles for his scientific interpretation and its relation to Quran...
and Samar Mubarakmand
Samar Mubarakmand
Samar Mubarakmand , , is a Pakistani nuclear physicist, who served as the founding chairman of National Engineering and Scientific Commission from 2001 till 2007. Samar Mubarak-Mand launched the Missile Integration Programme in 1987 which was successfully completed in 2005...
. The NPG was an educational and research think tank group of nuclear scientists which was mandated to carried out the research in nuclear and reactor technology. Among one of his distinguish students was Mr. Muhammad Hafeez Qureshi
Muhammad Hafeez Qureshi
Muhammad Hafeez Qureshi , Neuclear Physics. SI, HI, , also known as Hafeez Qureshi, was a Pakistani Nuclear Scientist...
, a mechanical engineer who became one of the chief architect of Pakistan's nuclear weapons. It was Khan's teaching and guidance that Qureshi expertised in nuclear weapon techonology
Nuclear weapon design
Nuclear weapon designs are physical, chemical, and engineering arrangements that cause the physics package of a nuclear weapon to detonate. There are three basic design types...
, Isotopes
Isotopes of plutonium
Plutonium is an artificial element, except for trace quantities of primordial 244Pu, and thus a standard atomic mass cannot be given. Like all artificial elements, it has no stable isotopes. It was synthesized long before being found in nature, the first isotope synthesized being 238Pu in 1940....
and Uranium centrifuge techonlogy.
A senior scientist at PAEC, Khan had participated in the development of an atomic bomb throughout the 1970s. Khan along with his PAEC students, Hafeez Qureshi
Muhammad Hafeez Qureshi
Muhammad Hafeez Qureshi , Neuclear Physics. SI, HI, , also known as Hafeez Qureshi, was a Pakistani Nuclear Scientist...
and Samar Mubarakmand
Samar Mubarakmand
Samar Mubarakmand , , is a Pakistani nuclear physicist, who served as the founding chairman of National Engineering and Scientific Commission from 2001 till 2007. Samar Mubarak-Mand launched the Missile Integration Programme in 1987 which was successfully completed in 2005...
, had participated and witnessed the cold test
Cold fission
Cold fission or cold nuclear fission is defined as involving fission events for which fission fragments have such low excitation energy that no neutrons or gammas are emitted....
of a nuclear device on March 11, 1983 near at Kirana Hills. The test was carried out near at Air Force's Sargodha Air Force Base
Sargodha Airbase
PAF Base Mushaf is a Pakistan Air Force airbase located at Sargodha in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is the headquarters of the PAF Central Air Command....
, the military facility where he previously had worked as a commissioned officer during 1950s.
In 1984, Khan was appointed Chairman of the Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR
PCSIR
The Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research is a government-owned science and industrialization research organization which mainly focuses on the development of industrial research. Initially established as Pakistan Department of Research in 1951, it was reformulated in its current...
) where he led the organization for 5 years. In 1989, Khan was appointed as Advisor (Technical)
Technical advisor
A technical advisor is an individual who is expert in a particular field of knowledge, hired to provide detailed information and advice to people working in that field...
to the Committee on Scientific and Technological Cooperation (COMSTECH), where he served there for seven years. In 1996, he became a vice-president of Pakistan Academy of Sciences
Pakistan Academy of Sciences
The Pakistan Academy of Sciences The Pakistan Academy of Sciences The Pakistan Academy of Sciences (Urdu: پاکستان اكيڈ مى ﺁف سائس; shortened to PAS, is a learned society for science and technology based in Pakistan. The academy consisted and served as the network of science across the Pakistan as...
and had served there for 1 year. In 1997, Kha moved to Karachi
Karachi
Karachi is the largest city, main seaport and the main financial centre of Pakistan, as well as the capital of the province of Sindh. The city has an estimated population of 13 to 15 million, while the total metropolitan area has a population of over 18 million...
and joined Karachi University where he taught applied physics
Applied physics
Applied physics is a general term for physics which is intended for a particular technological or practical use.It is usually considered as a bridge or a connection between "pure" physics and engineering....
courses there. In 2004, Khan moved to Lahore
Lahore
Lahore is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and the second largest city in the country. With a rich and fabulous history dating back to over a thousand years ago, Lahore is no doubt Pakistan's cultural capital. One of the most densely populated cities in the world, Lahore remains a...
and joined the University of the Punjab
University of the Punjab
University of the Punjab , colloquially known as Punjab University, is located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. The University of the Punjab is the oldest and biggest University of Pakistan. The University of the Punjab was formally established with the convening of the first meeting of its...
as a full professor there. At Punjab University, he had supervised the five Ph.Ds.
Doctor of Philosophy
Doctor of Philosophy, abbreviated as Ph.D., PhD, D.Phil., or DPhil , in English-speaking countries, is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities...
of PAEC scientists who earned under his supervision. In 2007, Khan moved to Risalpur
Risalpur
Risalpur is a city in Nowshera District, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, on the Nowshera-Mardan Road. It is nearly 45 km from Peshawar and 15 km from Mardan and is located at 34°4'52N 71°58'21E. In a basin some 1014 feet above sea level, it is bounded on the south and west by the Kabul and...
where he joined Pakistan Air Force Academy
Pakistan Air Force Academy
"RAF Risalpur", "Risalpur Airbase/Airfield" & "Pakistan Air Force/PAF Base Risalpur" redirects here.The Pakistan Air Force Academy also known as PAFA, is an accredited co-educational four-year college for the undergraduate education of officer candidates for the Pakistan Air Force...
to teach meteorology
Meteorology
Meteorology is the interdisciplinary scientific study of the atmosphere. Studies in the field stretch back millennia, though significant progress in meteorology did not occur until the 18th century. The 19th century saw breakthroughs occur after observing networks developed across several countries...
.
Research in Physics
Khan's research explicitly revolves to the field of medicalMedical physics
Medical physics is the application of physics to medicine. It generally concerns physics as applied to medical imaging and radiotherapy, although a medical physicist may also work in many other areas of healthcare...
, nuclear physics
Nuclear physics
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies the building blocks and interactions of atomic nuclei. The most commonly known applications of nuclear physics are nuclear power generation and nuclear weapons technology, but the research has provided application in many fields, including those...
and engineering
Nuclear engineering
Nuclear engineering is the branch of engineering concerned with the application of the breakdown as well as the fusion of atomic nuclei and/or the application of other sub-atomic physics, based on the principles of nuclear physics...
. He is renowned for his work in nuclear fission production and fissional material. Khan, in 1989, co-authored the brief study of Solid-state nuclear track detection, under the name of "Solid State Nuclear Track Detection: A Useful Tool for Basic and Applied Science Research", with another PAEC scientist Hameed Ahmad Khan. In 1980s, Khan had supervised the SSNTD project at the SSNTD Laboratory at Nuclear Engineering Division. The SSTND project have brought the rich experience and research to the field of physics in Pakistan. He had played a vital role in the established of the SSTND Laboratory, whereas he had a central role in the development of the nuclear and particle detector
Particle detector
In experimental and applied particle physics, nuclear physics, and nuclear engineering, a particle detector, also known as a radiation detector, is a device used to detect, track, and/or identify high-energy particles, such as those produced by nuclear decay, cosmic radiation, or reactions in a...
s at PINSTECH.
In 1989, Khan and his team of scientist at the PINSTECH have studied the behaviour of 960 MeV
MEV
MeV and meV are multiples and submultiples of the electron volt unit referring to 1,000,000 eV and 0.001 eV, respectively.Mev or MEV may refer to:In entertainment:* Musica Elettronica Viva, an Italian musical group...
/nucleon
Nucleon
In physics, a nucleon is a collective name for two particles: the neutron and the proton. These are the two constituents of the atomic nucleus. Until the 1960s, the nucleons were thought to be elementary particles...
238U
Uranium-238
Uranium-238 is the most common isotope of uranium found in nature. It is not fissile, but is a fertile material: it can capture a slow neutron and after two beta decays become fissile plutonium-239...
ions
Ion source
An ion source is an electro-magnetic device that is used to create charged particles. These are used primarily to form ions for mass spectrometers, optical emission spectrometers, particle accelerators, ion implanters and ion engines.- Electron ionization :...
while passing through a stack of CR-39 detectors
CR-39
CR-39, or allyl diglycol carbonate , is a plastic polymer commonly used in the manufacture of eyeglass lenses. The abbreviation stands for “Columbia Resin #39,” because it was the 39th formula of a thermosetting plastic developed by the Columbia Resins project in 1940.The first commercial use of...
. Khan's team had observed that the uranium ions not only underwent binary fission, but also broke into +p, 2+α
Alpha particle
Alpha particles consist of two protons and two neutrons bound together into a particle identical to a helium nucleus, which is classically produced in the process of alpha decay, but may be produced also in other ways and given the same name...
, and heavier ions
Heavy ion
Heavy ion refers to an ionized atom which is usually heavier than helium. Heavy-ion physics is devoted to the study of extremely hot nuclear matter and the collective effects appearing in such systems, differing from particle physics, which studies the interactions between elementary particles...
while moving through the stack. These results are unique due to the fact that the break up takes place only when the 960 MeV/nucleon-238U ions are slowed down to about 200 MeV/nucleon energy
Nuclear binding energy
Nuclear binding energy is the energy required to split a nucleus of an atom into its component parts. The component parts are neutrons and protons, which are collectively called nucleons...
and such events are not observed when these ions having a starting energy of 460 MeV/nucleon are slowed down to about 200 MeV/nucleon in 39CR. The results suggest that the starting energy is of great importance in such break ups.
Research Paper
- Solid State Nuclear Track Detection (SSNTD): A Useful Scientific Tool for Basic and Applied Research. Published and written by Naeem Ahmad Khan, Hameed Ahmad Khan, PINSTECH SSNTD-Laboratory, Nuclear Engineering Division.
- Changes produced by high doses of light charged particles in registration properties of mica track detectors Hameed Ahmed Khan and Naeem Ahmad Khan Nuclear Engineering Division, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH).
- Charge (Z)- and Z/β-threshold values of some track detectors: Measurements and use in nuclear reaction studies by, Hameed Ahmed Khan, Naeem Ahmad Khan; Masood AhmadMasud AhmadMuhammad Masud Ahmad, Born: 1942, known as Masood Ahmad, D.Phil, Sc.D, SI, HI , is a Pakistani theoretical physicist and ICTP laureate who is renowned for his work in Neutron t scattering...
- Pion induced interactions in tantalum, europium, antimony and zirconium, by Hameed A. Khan, Naeem A. Khan and R.J. Peterson, Solid State Nuclear Track Detection Laboratory, Nuclear Engineering Division, PINSTECH
- Response curves for different dielectric track detectors.
- Fission and spallationSpallationIn general, spallation is a process in which fragments of material are ejected from a body due to impact or stress. In the context of impact mechanics it describes ejection or vaporization of material from a target during impact by a projectile...
induced by 7-GeVGEVGEV or GeV may stand for:*GeV or gigaelectronvolt, a unit of energy equal to billion electron volts*GEV or Grid Enabled Vehicle that is fully or partially powered by the electric grid, see plug-in electric vehicle...
protons on 92UUraniumUranium is a silvery-white metallic chemical element in the actinide series of the periodic table, with atomic number 92. It is assigned the chemical symbol U. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 are valence electrons...
, 83BiBismuthBismuth is a chemical element with symbol Bi and atomic number 83. Bismuth, a trivalent poor metal, chemically resembles arsenic and antimony. Elemental bismuth may occur naturally uncombined, although its sulfide and oxide form important commercial ores. The free element is 86% as dense as lead...
, 82PbLeadLead is a main-group element in the carbon group with the symbol Pb and atomic number 82. Lead is a soft, malleable poor metal. It is also counted as one of the heavy metals. Metallic lead has a bluish-white color after being freshly cut, but it soon tarnishes to a dull grayish color when exposed...
, 79AuGoldGold is a chemical element with the symbol Au and an atomic number of 79. Gold is a dense, soft, shiny, malleable and ductile metal. Pure gold has a bright yellow color and luster traditionally considered attractive, which it maintains without oxidizing in air or water. Chemically, gold is a...
, 74WTungstenTungsten , also known as wolfram , is a chemical element with the chemical symbol W and atomic number 74.A hard, rare metal under standard conditions when uncombined, tungsten is found naturally on Earth only in chemical compounds. It was identified as a new element in 1781, and first isolated as...
, 67HoHolmiumHolmium is a chemical element with the symbol Ho and atomic number 67. Part of the lanthanide series, holmium is a rare earth element. Its oxide was first isolated from rare earth ores in 1878 and the element was named after the city of Stockholm....
, and 80AgMercury (element)Mercury is a chemical element with the symbol Hg and atomic number 80. It is also known as quicksilver or hydrargyrum...
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Fellowships
- Fellow, Institute of Physics, London, 1968
- Fellow, Physical Society, London, 1958
- Fellow, Islamic Academy of Sciences
- Member, Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission; Member, National Economic Board
- Member, National Commission on Electronics, Pakistan
- Member, National Commission for Science & Technology, Pakistan; Member, National Scientific Research and Development Board, Pakistan
- Chief Editor, Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, Karachi, 1984–1989
- Editor, COMSTECH Technology Window.
External links
- http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:Y7EWkCuN6b0J:www.paspk.org/fellow5.htm+Dr.+Naeem+Ahmad+Khan+Atomic+Energy+Center&cd=9&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us
- http://www.pakdef.info/pakmilitary/army/nuclear/memorial_munrahmed.html
- http://www.ias-worldwide.org/profiles/prof37.htm
- http://www.pakdef.info/forum/showthread.php?10571-SBM-Interview-on-Pakistan-s-nuclear-program
- Papers
- http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B73DP-470WHP6-10D&_user=10&_coverDate=11%2F01%2F1983&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1357481883&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=e5a8f13803f5a981db33cd7c570ed516
- http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a752510315~frm=titlelink
- http://prc.aps.org/abstract/PRC/v29/i6/p2199_1
- http://www.comsats.org/publications/books_st_series/08.%20Physics%20in%20Developing%20Countries%20-%20Past,%20Present%20and%20Future%20(April%202006).pdf