Orders of magnitude (mass)
Encyclopedia
To help compare different orders of magnitude
, the following list describes various mass
levels between 10−36 kg
and 1060 kg.
(kg), the base unit of mass in the International System of Units
(SI
). The kilogram is the only standard unit to include an SI prefix
(kilo-) as part of its name. The gram
(10−3 kg) is an SI derived unit of mass. However, the names of all SI mass units are based on gram, rather than on kilogram; thus 103 kg is a megagram (106 g), not a "kilokilogram".
The tonne
(t) is a SI-compatible unit of mass equal to a megagram, or 103 kg. The unit is in common use for masses above about 103 kg and is often used with SI prefixes.
).
at the atomic level, chemists use the mass of one-twelfth of a carbon-12 atom (the Dalton
). Astronomers use the mass of the sun
.
This series on orders of magnitude does not have a range of larger masses
Order of magnitude
An order of magnitude is the class of scale or magnitude of any amount, where each class contains values of a fixed ratio to the class preceding it. In its most common usage, the amount being scaled is 10 and the scale is the exponent being applied to this amount...
, the following list describes various mass
Mass
Mass can be defined as a quantitive measure of the resistance an object has to change in its velocity.In physics, mass commonly refers to any of the following three properties of matter, which have been shown experimentally to be equivalent:...
levels between 10−36 kg
Kilogram
The kilogram or kilogramme , also known as the kilo, is the base unit of mass in the International System of Units and is defined as being equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram , which is almost exactly equal to the mass of one liter of water...
and 1060 kg.
Units of mass
The table below is based on the kilogramKilogram
The kilogram or kilogramme , also known as the kilo, is the base unit of mass in the International System of Units and is defined as being equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram , which is almost exactly equal to the mass of one liter of water...
(kg), the base unit of mass in the International System of Units
International System of Units
The International System of Units is the modern form of the metric system and is generally a system of units of measurement devised around seven base units and the convenience of the number ten. The older metric system included several groups of units...
(SI
Si
Si, si, or SI may refer to :- Measurement, mathematics and science :* International System of Units , the modern international standard version of the metric system...
). The kilogram is the only standard unit to include an SI prefix
SI prefix
The International System of Units specifies a set of unit prefixes known as SI prefixes or metric prefixes. An SI prefix is a name that precedes a basic unit of measure to indicate a decadic multiple or fraction of the unit. Each prefix has a unique symbol that is prepended to the unit symbol...
(kilo-) as part of its name. The gram
Gram
The gram is a metric system unit of mass....
(10−3 kg) is an SI derived unit of mass. However, the names of all SI mass units are based on gram, rather than on kilogram; thus 103 kg is a megagram (106 g), not a "kilokilogram".
The tonne
Tonne
The tonne, known as the metric ton in the US , often put pleonastically as "metric tonne" to avoid confusion with ton, is a metric system unit of mass equal to 1000 kilograms. The tonne is not an International System of Units unit, but is accepted for use with the SI...
(t) is a SI-compatible unit of mass equal to a megagram, or 103 kg. The unit is in common use for masses above about 103 kg and is often used with SI prefixes.
Other units
Other units of mass are still used. For subatomic particles, physicists use the mass equivalent to the energy represented by an electron Volt (eVElectronvolt
In physics, the electron volt is a unit of energy equal to approximately joule . By definition, it is equal to the amount of kinetic energy gained by a single unbound electron when it accelerates through an electric potential difference of one volt...
).
at the atomic level, chemists use the mass of one-twelfth of a carbon-12 atom (the Dalton
Atomic mass unit
The unified atomic mass unit or dalton is a unit that is used for indicating mass on an atomic or molecular scale. It is defined as one twelfth of the rest mass of an unbound neutral atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state, and has a value of...
). Astronomers use the mass of the sun
Solar mass
The solar mass , , is a standard unit of mass in astronomy, used to indicate the masses of other stars and galaxies...
.10−25 kg or less
| Factor (kg Kilogram The kilogram or kilogramme , also known as the kilo, is the base unit of mass in the International System of Units and is defined as being equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram , which is almost exactly equal to the mass of one liter of water... ) |
Value | Item |
|---|---|---|
| 10−36 | 1.8 kg | One eV/c2, the mass equivalent of one electronvolt Electronvolt In physics, the electron volt is a unit of energy equal to approximately joule . By definition, it is equal to the amount of kinetic energy gained by a single unbound electron when it accelerates through an electric potential difference of one volt... |
| 3.6 kg | Electron neutrino Neutrino A neutrino is an electrically neutral, weakly interacting elementary subatomic particle with a half-integer spin, chirality and a disputed but small non-zero mass. It is able to pass through ordinary matter almost unaffected... , upper limit on mass (2 eV/c2) |
|
| 10−35 | ||
| 10−34 | ||
| 10−33 | ||
| 10−32 | ||
| 10−31 | 9.11 kg | Electron Electron The electron is a subatomic particle with a negative elementary electric charge. It has no known components or substructure; in other words, it is generally thought to be an elementary particle. An electron has a mass that is approximately 1/1836 that of the proton... (511 keV/c2), the lightest elementary particle Elementary particle In particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a particle not known to have substructure; that is, it is not known to be made up of smaller particles. If an elementary particle truly has no substructure, then it is one of the basic building blocks of the universe from which... with a measured nonzero rest mass. |
| 10−30 | ||
| 10−29 | ||
| 10−28 | 1.9 kg | Muon Muon The muon |mu]] used to represent it) is an elementary particle similar to the electron, with a unitary negative electric charge and a spin of ½. Together with the electron, the tau, and the three neutrinos, it is classified as a lepton... (106 MeV/c2) |
| 10−27 yoctogram (yg) |
1.661 kg | Atomic mass unit Atomic mass unit The unified atomic mass unit or dalton is a unit that is used for indicating mass on an atomic or molecular scale. It is defined as one twelfth of the rest mass of an unbound neutral atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state, and has a value of... (u) or dalton (Da) |
| 1.673 kg | Proton Proton The proton is a subatomic particle with the symbol or and a positive electric charge of 1 elementary charge. One or more protons are present in the nucleus of each atom, along with neutrons. The number of protons in each atom is its atomic number.... (938.3 MeV/c2) |
|
| 1.674 kg | Hydrogen Hydrogen Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the symbol H. With an average atomic weight of , hydrogen is the lightest and most abundant chemical element, constituting roughly 75% of the Universe's chemical elemental mass. Stars in the main sequence are mainly... atom, the lightest atom |
|
| 1.675 kg | Neutron Neutron The neutron is a subatomic hadron particle which has the symbol or , no net electric charge and a mass slightly larger than that of a proton. With the exception of hydrogen, nuclei of atoms consist of protons and neutrons, which are therefore collectively referred to as nucleons. The number of... (939.6 MeV/c2) |
|
| 10−26 | 1.15 kg | Lithium Lithium Lithium is a soft, silver-white metal that belongs to the alkali metal group of chemical elements. It is represented by the symbol Li, and it has the atomic number 3. Under standard conditions it is the lightest metal and the least dense solid element. Like all alkali metals, lithium is highly... atom (6.941 u) |
| 2.99 kg | Water molecule (18.015 u) | |
| 7.95 kg | Titanium Titanium Titanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ti and atomic number 22. It has a low density and is a strong, lustrous, corrosion-resistant transition metal with a silver color.... atom (47.867 u) |
|
| 10−25 | 1.79 kg | Silver Silver Silver is a metallic chemical element with the chemical symbol Ag and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it has the highest electrical conductivity of any element and the highest thermal conductivity of any metal... atom (107.8682 u) |
| 1.6 kg | Z boson W and Z bosons The W and Z bosons are the elementary particles that mediate the weak interaction; their symbols are , and . The W bosons have a positive and negative electric charge of 1 elementary charge respectively and are each other's antiparticle. The Z boson is electrically neutral and its own... (91.2 GeV/c2) |
|
| 3.1 kg | Top quark Top quark The top quark, also known as the t quark or truth quark, is an elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter. Like all quarks, the top quark is an elementary fermion with spin-, and experiences all four fundamental interactions: gravitation, electromagnetism, weak interactions, and... (173 GeV/c2), the heaviest known elementary particle Elementary particle In particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a particle not known to have substructure; that is, it is not known to be made up of smaller particles. If an elementary particle truly has no substructure, then it is one of the basic building blocks of the universe from which... |
|
| 3.2 kg | Caffeine Caffeine Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline xanthine alkaloid that acts as a stimulant drug. Caffeine is found in varying quantities in the seeds, leaves, and fruit of some plants, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding on the plants... molecule (194 u) |
|
| 3.45 kg | Lead Lead Lead is a main-group element in the carbon group with the symbol Pb and atomic number 82. Lead is a soft, malleable poor metal. It is also counted as one of the heavy metals. Metallic lead has a bluish-white color after being freshly cut, but it soon tarnishes to a dull grayish color when exposed... -208 atom, the heaviest stable isotope known |
10-25 to 10-19 kg
| Factor (kg Kilogram The kilogram or kilogramme , also known as the kilo, is the base unit of mass in the International System of Units and is defined as being equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram , which is almost exactly equal to the mass of one liter of water... ) |
Value | Item |
|---|---|---|
| 10−24 zeptogram (zg) |
1.2 kg | Buckyball Buckminsterfullerene Buckminsterfullerene is a spherical fullerene molecule with the formula . It was first intentionally prepared in 1985 by Harold Kroto, James Heath, Sean O'Brien, Robert Curl and Richard Smalley at Rice University... molecule (720 u) |
| 10−23 | 1.4 kg | Ubiquitin Ubiquitin Ubiquitin is a small regulatory protein that has been found in almost all tissues of eukaryotic organisms. Among other functions, it directs protein recycling.Ubiquitin can be attached to proteins and label them for destruction... , a small protein (8.6 kDa Atomic mass unit The unified atomic mass unit or dalton is a unit that is used for indicating mass on an atomic or molecular scale. It is defined as one twelfth of the rest mass of an unbound neutral atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state, and has a value of... ) |
| 5.5 kg | A typical protein Protein Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of... (median size of roughly 300 amino acids ~= 33 kDa) |
|
| 10−22 | 1.1 kg | Haemoglobin A Hemoglobin Hemoglobin is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein in the red blood cells of all vertebrates, with the exception of the fish family Channichthyidae, as well as the tissues of some invertebrates... molecule in blood (64.5 kDa) |
| 10−21 attogram (ag) |
1.65 kg | Double-stranded DNA DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms . The DNA segments that carry this genetic information are called genes, but other DNA sequences have structural purposes, or are involved in... molecule consisting of 1,578 base pair Base pair In molecular biology and genetics, the linking between two nitrogenous bases on opposite complementary DNA or certain types of RNA strands that are connected via hydrogen bonds is called a base pair... s (995,000 daltons Atomic mass unit The unified atomic mass unit or dalton is a unit that is used for indicating mass on an atomic or molecular scale. It is defined as one twelfth of the rest mass of an unbound neutral atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state, and has a value of... ) |
| 4.3 kg | Prokaryotic ribosome Ribosome A ribosome is a component of cells that assembles the twenty specific amino acid molecules to form the particular protein molecule determined by the nucleotide sequence of an RNA molecule.... (2.6 MDa Atomic mass unit The unified atomic mass unit or dalton is a unit that is used for indicating mass on an atomic or molecular scale. It is defined as one twelfth of the rest mass of an unbound neutral atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state, and has a value of... ) |
|
| 7.1 kg | Eukaryotic ribosome Ribosome A ribosome is a component of cells that assembles the twenty specific amino acid molecules to form the particular protein molecule determined by the nucleotide sequence of an RNA molecule.... (4.3 MDa) |
|
| 7.6 kg | Brome mosaic virus Brome mosaic virus Brome mosaic virus is a small , positive-stranded, icosahedral RNA plant virus belonging to the family Bromoviridae of the alphavirus-like superfamily.... , a small virus (4.6 MDa) |
|
| 10−20 | 3 kg | Synaptic vesicle Synaptic vesicle In a neuron, synaptic vesicles store various neurotransmitters that are released at the synapse. The release is regulated by a voltage-dependent calcium channel. Vesicles are essential for propagating nerve impulses between neurons and are constantly recreated by the cell... in rats (16.1 ± 3.8 MDa) |
| 6.8 kg | Tobacco mosaic virus Tobacco mosaic virus Tobacco mosaic virus is a positive-sense single stranded RNA virus that infects plants, especially tobacco and other members of the family Solanaceae. The infection causes characteristic patterns on the leaves . TMV was the first virus to be discovered... (41 MDa) |
|
| 10−19 | 1.1 kg | Nuclear pore complex in yeast (66 MDa) |
| 2.5 kg | Human adenovirus (150 MDa) |
10-18 to 10-13 kg
| Factor (kg Kilogram The kilogram or kilogramme , also known as the kilo, is the base unit of mass in the International System of Units and is defined as being equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram , which is almost exactly equal to the mass of one liter of water... ) |
Value | Item |
|---|---|---|
| 10−18 femtogram (fg) |
1 kg | HIV-1 HIV Human immunodeficiency virus is a lentivirus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome , a condition in humans in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive... virus |
| 4.7 kg | DNA DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms . The DNA segments that carry this genetic information are called genes, but other DNA sequences have structural purposes, or are involved in... sequence of length 4.6 Mbp, the length of the E. coli Escherichia coli Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms . Most E. coli strains are harmless, but some serotypes can cause serious food poisoning in humans, and are occasionally responsible for product recalls... genome |
|
| 10−17 | ~1 kg | Vaccinia Vaccinia Vaccinia virus is a large, complex, enveloped virus belonging to the poxvirus family. It has a linear, double-stranded DNA genome approximately 190 kbp in length, and which encodes for approximately 250 genes. The dimensions of the virion are roughly 360 × 270 × 250 nm, with a mass of... virus, a large virus |
| 1.1 kg | Mass equivalent of 1 joule Joule The joule ; symbol J) is a derived unit of energy or work in the International System of Units. It is equal to the energy expended in applying a force of one newton through a distance of one metre , or in passing an electric current of one ampere through a resistance of one ohm for one second... |
|
| 10−16 | 3 kg | Prochlorococcus Prochlorococcus Prochlorococcus is a genus of very small marine cyanobacteria with an unusual pigmentation . These bacteria belong to the photosynthetic picoplankton and are probably the most abundant photosynthetic organism on Earth.... cyanobacteria, the smallest (and possibly most plentiful) photosynthetic organism on Earth |
| 10−15 picogram (pg) |
1 kg | E. coli Escherichia coli Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms . Most E. coli strains are harmless, but some serotypes can cause serious food poisoning in humans, and are occasionally responsible for product recalls... bacterium (wet weight) |
| 6 kg | DNA DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms . The DNA segments that carry this genetic information are called genes, but other DNA sequences have structural purposes, or are involved in... in a typical diploid human cell (approximate) |
|
| 10−14 | 2.2 kg | Human sperm Sperm The term sperm is derived from the Greek word sperma and refers to the male reproductive cells. In the types of sexual reproduction known as anisogamy and oogamy, there is a marked difference in the size of the gametes with the smaller one being termed the "male" or sperm cell... cell |
| 6 kg | Yeast Yeast Yeasts are eukaryotic micro-organisms classified in the kingdom Fungi, with 1,500 species currently described estimated to be only 1% of all fungal species. Most reproduce asexually by mitosis, and many do so by an asymmetric division process called budding... cell (quite variable) |
|
| 10−13 | 1.5 kg | Dunaliella salina Dunaliella salina Dunaliella salina is a type of halophile green micro-algae especially found in sea salt fields. Known for its anti-oxidant activity because of its ability to create large amount of carotenoids, it is used in cosmetics and dietary supplements. Few organisms can survive in such highly saline... , a green algae Green algae The green algae are the large group of algae from which the embryophytes emerged. As such, they form a paraphyletic group, although the group including both green algae and embryophytes is monophyletic... (dry weight) |
10-12 to 10-7 kg
| Factor (kg Kilogram The kilogram or kilogramme , also known as the kilo, is the base unit of mass in the International System of Units and is defined as being equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram , which is almost exactly equal to the mass of one liter of water... ) |
Value | Item |
|---|---|---|
| 10−12 nanogram (ng) |
1 kg | Average human cell Cell (biology) The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all known living organisms. It is the smallest unit of life that is classified as a living thing, and is often called the building block of life. The Alberts text discusses how the "cellular building blocks" move to shape developing embryos.... (1 nanogram) |
| 2-3 kg | HeLa HeLa A HeLa cell is a cell type in an immortal cell line used in scientific research. It is the oldest and most commonly used human cell line. The line was derived from cervical cancer cells taken on February 8, 1951 from Henrietta Lacks, a patient who eventually died of her cancer on October 4, 1951... human cell |
|
| 10−11 | ||
| 10−10 | 3.5 kg | Small grain of sand Sand Sand is a naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles.The composition of sand is highly variable, depending on the local rock sources and conditions, but the most common constituent of sand in inland continental settings and non-tropical coastal... (0.063 mm diameter, 350 nanograms) |
| 10−9 microgram (µg) |
3.6 kg | Human ovum Ovum An ovum is a haploid female reproductive cell or gamete. Both animals and embryophytes have ova. The term ovule is used for the young ovum of an animal, as well as the plant structure that carries the female gametophyte and egg cell and develops into a seed after fertilization... |
| 2.4 kg | US RDA for vitamin B12 Vitamin B12 Vitamin B12, vitamin B12 or vitamin B-12, also called cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin with a key role in the normal functioning of the brain and nervous system, and for the formation of blood. It is one of the eight B vitamins... for adults |
|
| 10−8 | 1.5 kg | US RDA for vitamin D Vitamin D Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble secosteroids. In humans, vitamin D is unique both because it functions as a prohormone and because the body can synthesize it when sun exposure is adequate .... for adults |
| ~2 kg | Uncertainty in the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram (IPK) (±~20µg) | |
| 2.2 kg | Planck mass | |
| ~7 kg | One eyebrow hair (approximate) | |
| 10−7 | 1.5 kg | US RDA for iodine Iodine Iodine is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53. The name is pronounced , , or . The name is from the , meaning violet or purple, due to the color of elemental iodine vapor.... for adults |
| 2-3 kg | Fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila melanogaster is a species of Diptera, or the order of flies, in the family Drosophilidae. The species is known generally as the common fruit fly or vinegar fly. Starting from Charles W... (dry weight) |
10-6 to one kg
| Factor (kg Kilogram The kilogram or kilogramme , also known as the kilo, is the base unit of mass in the International System of Units and is defined as being equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram , which is almost exactly equal to the mass of one liter of water... ) |
Value | Item |
|---|---|---|
| 10−6 milligram (mg) |
2.5 kg | Mosquitoes Mosquito Mosquitoes are members of a family of nematocerid flies: the Culicidae . The word Mosquito is from the Spanish and Portuguese for little fly... , common smaller species (about 2.5 milligrams) |
| 10−5 centigram (cg) |
1.1 kg | Small granule of quartz (2 mm diameter, 11 milligrams) |
| 2 kg | Adult housefly Housefly The housefly , Musca domestica, is a fly of the suborder Cyclorrhapha... (Musca domestica, 21.4 milligrams) |
|
| 10−4 decigram (dg) |
0.27–2.0 kg | Range of amounts of caffeine Caffeine Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline xanthine alkaloid that acts as a stimulant drug. Caffeine is found in varying quantities in the seeds, leaves, and fruit of some plants, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding on the plants... in one cup of coffee Coffee Coffee is a brewed beverage with a dark,init brooo acidic flavor prepared from the roasted seeds of the coffee plant, colloquially called coffee beans. The beans are found in coffee cherries, which grow on trees cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in equatorial Latin America, Southeast Asia,... (27-200 milligrams) |
| 2 kg | Metric carat (200 milligrams) | |
| 10−3 gram Gram The gram is a metric system unit of mass.... (g) |
1 kg | One cubic centimeter of water (1 gram) |
| 1 kg | US dollar bill (1 gram) | |
| ~1 kg | Two raisins Raisin Raisins are dried grapes. They are produced in many regions of the world. Raisins may be eaten raw or used in cooking, baking and brewing... (approximately 1 gram) |
|
| 8 kg | Coins of one Euro Euro coins There are eight euro coin denominations, ranging from one cent to two euros . The coins first came into use in 2002. They have a common reverse, portraying a map of Europe, but each country in the eurozone has its own design on the obverse, which means that each coin has a variety of different... (7.5 grams) and one U.S. dollar (8.1 grams) |
|
| 10−2 decagram Decagram Decagram may refer to:* 10 grams, unit of mass* Decagram , geometric figure... (dag) |
2–4 kg | Adult mouse (Mus musculus, 20–40 grams) |
| 1.4 kg | Amount of ethanol Ethanol Ethanol, also called ethyl alcohol, pure alcohol, grain alcohol, or drinking alcohol, is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid. It is a psychoactive drug and one of the oldest recreational drugs. Best known as the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages, it is also used in thermometers, as a... defined as one standard drink Standard drink A standard drink is a notional drink that contains a specified amount of pure alcohol. The standard drink is used in many countries to quantify alcohol intake. It is usually re-expressed as a measure of beer, wine, or spirits for convenience. One standard drink always contains the same amount of... in the U.S. (13.7 grams) |
|
| 2.8 kg | Ounce Ounce The ounce is a unit of mass with several definitions, the most commonly used of which are equal to approximately 28 grams. The ounce is used in a number of different systems, including various systems of mass that form part of the imperial and United States customary systems... (avoirdupois Avoirdupois The avoirdupois system is a system of weights based on a pound of 16 ounces. It is the everyday system of weight used in the United States and is still widely used to varying degrees by many people in Canada, the United Kingdom, and some other former British colonies despite the official adoption... ) (28.35 grams) |
|
| 4.7 kg | Mass equivalent of the energy that is called 1 megaton of TNT equivalent TNT equivalent TNT equivalent is a method of quantifying the energy released in explosions. The ton of TNT is a unit of energy equal to 4.184 gigajoules, which is approximately the amount of energy released in the detonation of one ton of TNT... |
|
| 10−1 hectogram (hg) |
0.1-0.2 kg | An orange (100-200 grams) |
| 0.454 kg | Pound Pound (mass) The pound or pound-mass is a unit of mass used in the Imperial, United States customary and other systems of measurement... (avoirdupois Avoirdupois The avoirdupois system is a system of weights based on a pound of 16 ounces. It is the everyday system of weight used in the United States and is still widely used to varying degrees by many people in Canada, the United Kingdom, and some other former British colonies despite the official adoption... ) (454 grams) |
|
one kg to 105 kg
| Factor (kg Kilogram The kilogram or kilogramme , also known as the kilo, is the base unit of mass in the International System of Units and is defined as being equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram , which is almost exactly equal to the mass of one liter of water... ) |
Value | Item |
|---|---|---|
| 1 kg kilogram Kilogram The kilogram or kilogramme , also known as the kilo, is the base unit of mass in the International System of Units and is defined as being equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram , which is almost exactly equal to the mass of one liter of water... (kg) |
1 kg | One litre Litre pic|200px|right|thumb|One litre is equivalent to this cubeEach side is 10 cm1 litre water = 1 kilogram water The litre is a metric system unit of volume equal to 1 cubic decimetre , to 1,000 cubic centimetres , and to 1/1,000 cubic metre... of water |
| 2 kg | Typical laptop Laptop A laptop, also called a notebook, is a personal computer for mobile use. A laptop integrates most of the typical components of a desktop computer, including a display, a keyboard, a pointing device and speakers into a single unit... computer, 2010 |
|
| 3 kg | Newborn human baby; smallest breed of dog (Chihuahua Chihuahua (dog) The ' is the smallest breed of dog and is so named for the state of Chihuahua in Mexico. Chihuahuas come in a wide variety of sizes, head shapes, colors and coat lengths.-History:... ) |
|
| 4.0 kg | Women's shot put Shot put The shot put is a track and field event involving "putting" a heavy metal ball—the shot—as far as possible. It is common to use the term "shot put" to refer to both the shot itself and to the putting action.... |
|
| 5–7 kg | Housecat Cat The cat , also known as the domestic cat or housecat to distinguish it from other felids and felines, is a small, usually furry, domesticated, carnivorous mammal that is valued by humans for its companionship and for its ability to hunt vermin and household pests... |
|
| 7.26 kg | Men's shot put Shot put The shot put is a track and field event involving "putting" a heavy metal ball—the shot—as far as possible. It is common to use the term "shot put" to refer to both the shot itself and to the putting action.... |
|
| 101 | 10–30 kg | A CRT Cathode ray tube The cathode ray tube is a vacuum tube containing an electron gun and a fluorescent screen used to view images. It has a means to accelerate and deflect the electron beam onto the fluorescent screen to create the images. The image may represent electrical waveforms , pictures , radar targets and... computer monitor Computer display A monitor or display is an electronic visual display for computers. The monitor comprises the display device, circuitry, and an enclosure... or television Television Television is a telecommunication medium for transmitting and receiving moving images that can be monochrome or colored, with accompanying sound... set |
| 15–20 kg | Medium-sized dog Dog The domestic dog is a domesticated form of the gray wolf, a member of the Canidae family of the order Carnivora. The term is used for both feral and pet varieties. The dog may have been the first animal to be domesticated, and has been the most widely kept working, hunting, and companion animal in... |
|
| 70 kg | Adult Adult An adult is a human being or living organism that is of relatively mature age, typically associated with sexual maturity and the attainment of reproductive age.... human Human Humans are the only living species in the Homo genus... ; large dog |
|
| 102 | 125–180 kg | Mature lion Lion The lion is one of the four big cats in the genus Panthera, and a member of the family Felidae. With some males exceeding 250 kg in weight, it is the second-largest living cat after the tiger... , female (125 kg) and male (180 kg) |
| 480 kg | Grand piano Piano The piano is a musical instrument played by means of a keyboard. It is one of the most popular instruments in the world. Widely used in classical and jazz music for solo performances, ensemble use, chamber music and accompaniment, the piano is also very popular as an aid to composing and rehearsal... |
|
| 5-5 kg | A teaspoon (5 ml) of white dwarf White dwarf A white dwarf, also called a degenerate dwarf, is a small star composed mostly of electron-degenerate matter. They are very dense; a white dwarf's mass is comparable to that of the Sun and its volume is comparable to that of the Earth. Its faint luminosity comes from the emission of stored... material (0.5-500 tonnes) |
|
| 700 kg | Dairy cow Dairy cattle Dairy cattle are cattle cows bred for the ability to produce large quantities of milk, from which dairy products are made. Dairy cows generally are of the species Bos taurus.... |
|
| 907.2 kg | 1 short ton Short ton The short ton is a unit of mass equal to . In the United States it is often called simply ton without distinguishing it from the metric ton or the long ton ; rather, the other two are specifically noted. There are, however, some U.S... (2000 pounds - U.S.) |
|
| 103 megagram (Mg) |
1000 kg | Metric ton/tonne Tonne The tonne, known as the metric ton in the US , often put pleonastically as "metric tonne" to avoid confusion with ton, is a metric system unit of mass equal to 1000 kilograms. The tonne is not an International System of Units unit, but is accepted for use with the SI... ; one cubic metre Cubic metre The cubic metre is the SI derived unit of volume. It is the volume of a cube with edges one metre in length. An alternative name, which allowed a different usage with metric prefixes, was the stère... of water |
| 1016.05 kg | Ton Ton The ton is a unit of measure. It has a long history and has acquired a number of meanings and uses over the years. It is used principally as a unit of weight, and as a unit of volume. It can also be used as a measure of energy, for truck classification, or as a colloquial term.It is derived from... (British) / 1 long ton Long ton Long ton is the name for the unit called the "ton" in the avoirdupois or Imperial system of measurements, as used in the United Kingdom and several other Commonwealth countries. It has been mostly replaced by the tonne, and in the United States by the short ton... (2240 pounds - U.S.) |
|
| 800–1600 kg | Typical passenger car Čar Čar is a village in the municipality of Bujanovac, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the town has a population of 296 people.-References:... s |
|
| 3000–7000 kg | Adult elephant Elephant Elephants are large land mammals in two extant genera of the family Elephantidae: Elephas and Loxodonta, with the third genus Mammuthus extinct... |
|
| 104 | 1.1 kg | Hubble Space Telescope Hubble Space Telescope The Hubble Space Telescope is a space telescope that was carried into orbit by a Space Shuttle in 1990 and remains in operation. A 2.4 meter aperture telescope in low Earth orbit, Hubble's four main instruments observe in the near ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared... (11 tonnes) |
| 1.2 kg | Largest elephant Elephant Elephants are large land mammals in two extant genera of the family Elephantidae: Elephas and Loxodonta, with the third genus Mammuthus extinct... on record (12 tonnes) |
|
| 1.4 kg | Big Ben Clock Tower, Palace of Westminster Big Ben is the nickname for the great bell of the clock at the north end of the Palace of Westminster in London, and is generally extended to refer to the clock or the clock tower as well. It is the largest four-faced chiming clock and the third-tallest free-standing clock tower in the world... (bell) (14 tonnes) |
|
| 4 kg | Maximum gross mass (truck + load combined) of a semi-trailer truck Semi-trailer truck A semi-trailer truck, also known as a semi, tractor-trailer, or articulated truck or articulated lorry, is an articulated vehicle consisting of a towing engine , and a semi-trailer A semi-trailer truck, also known as a semi, tractor-trailer, or (in the United Kingdom and Ireland) articulated truck... in the EU (40-44 tonnes) |
|
| 6.0 kg | Largest single-piece meteorite Meteorite A meteorite is a natural object originating in outer space that survives impact with the Earth's surface. Meteorites can be big or small. Most meteorites derive from small astronomical objects called meteoroids, but they are also sometimes produced by impacts of asteroids... , Hoba West Meteorite (60 tonnes) |
|
| 7.3 kg | Largest dinosaur, Argentinosaurus Argentinosaurus Argentinosaurus is a genus of titanosaur sauropod dinosaur first discovered by Guillermo Heredia in Argentina. The generic name refers to the country in which it was discovered... (73 tonnes) |
|
| 105 | 1.8 kg | Largest animal ever, a blue whale Blue Whale The blue whale is a marine mammal belonging to the suborder of baleen whales . At in length and or more in weight, it is the largest known animal to have ever existed.... (180 tonnes) |
| 4.2 kg | International Space Station International Space Station The International Space Station is a habitable, artificial satellite in low Earth orbit. The ISS follows the Salyut, Almaz, Cosmos, Skylab, and Mir space stations, as the 11th space station launched, not including the Genesis I and II prototypes... (417 tonnes) |
|
| 6 kg | World's heaviest aircraft: Antonov An-225 Antonov An-225 The Antonov An-225 Mriya is a strategic airlift cargo aircraft, designed by the Antonov Design Bureau in the 1980s. It is the world's heaviest aircraft. The design, built in order to transport the Buran orbiter, was an enlargement of the successful An-124 Ruslan... (maximum take-off mass: 600 tonnes, payload: 250 tonnes) |
106 to 1011 kg
| Factor (kg Kilogram The kilogram or kilogramme , also known as the kilo, is the base unit of mass in the International System of Units and is defined as being equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram , which is almost exactly equal to the mass of one liter of water... ) |
Value | Item |
|---|---|---|
| 106 gigagram (Gg) |
1 kg | Trunk of the giant sequoia Sequoiadendron Sequoiadendron giganteum is the sole living species in the genus Sequoiadendron, and one of three species of coniferous trees known as redwoods, classified in the family Cupressaceae in the subfamily Sequoioideae, together with Sequoia sempervirens and... tree named General Sherman General Sherman (tree) The General Sherman is a giant sequoia tree located in the Giant Forest of Sequoia National Park in Tulare County, California. By volume, it is the largest known living single stem tree on Earth... , largest living tree by trunk volume (1121 tonnes) |
| 2.0 kg | Launch mass of the Space Shuttle Space Shuttle The Space Shuttle was a manned orbital rocket and spacecraft system operated by NASA on 135 missions from 1981 to 2011. The system combined rocket launch, orbital spacecraft, and re-entry spaceplane with modular add-ons... (2041 tonnes) |
|
| 6 kg | Largest clonal colony Clonal colony A clonal colony or genet is a group of genetically identical individuals that have grown in a given location, all originating vegetatively from a single ancestor. In plants, an individual in such a population is referred to as a ramet... , the quaking aspen named Pando Pando (tree) Pando is a clonal colony of a single male Quaking Aspen located in the U.S. state of Utah, all determined to be part of a single living organism by identical genetic markers and one massive underground root system, although whether it is a single tree is disputed... (largest living organism) (6000 tonnes) |
|
| 107 | 1 kg | Annual production of Darjeeling tea Darjeeling tea Darjeeling tea is a black tea from the Darjeeling region in West Bengal, India. When properly brewed, it yields a thin-bodied, light-colored infusion with a floral aroma... |
| 5.2 kg | RMS Titanic when fully loaded (52,000 tonnes) | |
| 9.97 kg | Heaviest train Heaviest trains The heaviest trains in the world are freight trains hauling bulk commodities such as coal and iron ore. One might distinguish between regular operations, and occasional record breaking runs... ever: Australia's BHP Iron Ore, 2001 record (99,700 tonnes) |
|
| 108 | 6.6 kg | Largest ship and largest mobile man-made object, Seawise Giant, when fully loaded (660,000 tonnes) |
| 109 teragram Teragram Teragram may refer to:* 1012 grams, equivalent to a megatonne. See Orders of magnitude * Teragram Corporation... (Tg) |
4.3 kg | Amount of matter converted into energy by the Sun Sun The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. It is almost perfectly spherical and consists of hot plasma interwoven with magnetic fields... each second |
| 6 kg | Great Pyramid of Giza Great Pyramid of Giza The Great Pyramid of Giza is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza Necropolis bordering what is now El Giza, Egypt. It is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and the only one to remain largely intact... |
|
| 6 kg | Amount of concrete Concrete Concrete is a composite construction material, composed of cement and other cementitious materials such as fly ash and slag cement, aggregate , water and chemical admixtures.The word concrete comes from the Latin word... in the Three Gorges Dam Three Gorges Dam The Three Gorges Dam is a hydroelectric dam that spans the Yangtze River by the town of Sandouping, located in the Yiling District of Yichang, in Hubei province, China... , the world's largest concrete structure |
|
| 1011 | ~1 kg | The mass of a primordial black hole Primordial black hole A primordial black hole is a hypothetical type of black hole that is formed not by the gravitational collapse of a large star but by the extreme density of matter present during the universe's early expansion.... with an evaporation time equal to the age of the universe Age of the universe The age of the universe is the time elapsed since the Big Bang posited by the most widely accepted scientific model of cosmology. The best current estimate of the age of the universe is 13.75 ± 0.13 billion years within the Lambda-CDM concordance model... |
| 2 kg | Amount of water stored in London storage reservoirs (0.2 km3) | |
| 3 kg | Total mass of the human world population | |
| 5 kg | Total biomass of Antarctic krill Antarctic krill Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, is a species of krill found in the Antarctic waters of the Southern Ocean. It is a shrimp-like crustacean that lives in large schools, called swarms, sometimes reaching densities of 10,000–30,000 individual animals per cubic metre... , probably the most plentiful animal species on the planet |
1012 to 1017 kg
| Factor (kg Kilogram The kilogram or kilogramme , also known as the kilo, is the base unit of mass in the International System of Units and is defined as being equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram , which is almost exactly equal to the mass of one liter of water... ) |
Value | Item |
|---|---|---|
| 1012 petagram (Pg) |
0.8-2.1 kg | Global biomass of fish Fish Fish are a paraphyletic group of organisms that consist of all gill-bearing aquatic vertebrate animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish, as well as various extinct related groups... |
| 4 kg | World crude oil Petroleum Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring, flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other liquid organic compounds, that are found in geologic formations beneath the Earth's surface. Petroleum is recovered mostly through oil drilling... production in 2009 (3,843 Mt) |
|
| 5.5 kg | A teaspoon (5 ml) of neutron star Neutron star A neutron star is a type of stellar remnant that can result from the gravitational collapse of a massive star during a Type II, Type Ib or Type Ic supernova event. Such stars are composed almost entirely of neutrons, which are subatomic particles without electrical charge and with a slightly larger... material (5000 million tonnes) |
|
| 1013 | 1-100 kg | A 1km-5km tall mountain Mountain Image:Himalaya_annotated.jpg|thumb|right|The Himalayan mountain range with Mount Everestrect 58 14 160 49 Chomo Lonzorect 200 28 335 52 Makalurect 378 24 566 45 Mount Everestrect 188 581 920 656 Tibetan Plateaurect 250 406 340 427 Rong River... (very approximate) |
| 1014 | 1.05 kg | Global net primary production Primary production 400px|thumb|Global oceanic and terrestrial photoautotroph abundance, from September [[1997]] to August 2000. As an estimate of autotroph biomass, it is only a rough indicator of primary production potential, and not an actual estimate of it... – the total mass of carbon fixed in organic compounds by photosynthesis each year on Earth |
| 7.2 kg | Total carbon stored in Earth's atmosphere Earth's atmosphere The atmosphere of Earth is a layer of gases surrounding the planet Earth that is retained by Earth's gravity. The atmosphere protects life on Earth by absorbing ultraviolet solar radiation, warming the surface through heat retention , and reducing temperature extremes between day and night... |
|
| 1015 exagram (Eg) |
2.0 kg | Total carbon stored in the terrestrial biosphere Biosphere The biosphere is the global sum of all ecosystems. It can also be called the zone of life on Earth, a closed and self-regulating system... |
| 3.5 kg | Total carbon stored in coal Coal Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure... deposits worldwide |
|
| 1016 | 1 kg | 951 Gaspra 951 Gaspra 951 Gaspra is an S-type asteroid that orbits very close to the inner edge of the asteroid belt. Gaspra was the first asteroid ever to be closely approached when it was visited by the Galileo spacecraft, which flew by on its way to Jupiter on 29 October 1991.-Characteristics:Apart from a multitude... , the first asteroid ever to be closely approached by a spacecraft (rough estimate) |
| 3.8 kg | Total carbon stored in the oceans | |
| 1017 | 1.6 kg | Prometheus Prometheus (moon) -Animations:-External links:* at ** anaglyph view of Prometheus... , a shepherd satellite for the inner edge of Saturn Saturn Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second largest planet in the Solar System, after Jupiter. Saturn is named after the Roman god Saturn, equated to the Greek Cronus , the Babylonian Ninurta and the Hindu Shani. Saturn's astronomical symbol represents the Roman god's sickle.Saturn,... 's F Ring |
1018 to 1023 kg
| Factor (kg Kilogram The kilogram or kilogramme , also known as the kilo, is the base unit of mass in the International System of Units and is defined as being equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram , which is almost exactly equal to the mass of one liter of water... ) |
Value | Item |
|---|---|---|
| 1018 zettagram (Zg) |
5.1 kg | Earth's atmosphere Earth's atmosphere The atmosphere of Earth is a layer of gases surrounding the planet Earth that is retained by Earth's gravity. The atmosphere protects life on Earth by absorbing ultraviolet solar radiation, warming the surface through heat retention , and reducing temperature extremes between day and night... |
| 5.6 kg | Hyperion Hyperion (moon) Hyperion , also known as Saturn VII, is a moon of Saturn discovered by William Cranch Bond, George Phillips Bond and William Lassell in 1848. It is distinguished by its irregular shape, its chaotic rotation, and its unexplained sponge-like appearance... , a moon of Saturn |
|
| 1019 | 3 kg | 3 Juno 3 Juno Juno , formal designation 3 Juno in the Minor Planet Center catalogue system, was the third asteroid to be discovered and is one of the larger main-belt asteroids, being one of the two largest stony asteroids, along with 15 Eunomia. Juno is estimated to contain 1% of the total mass of the asteroid... , one of the larger asteroids in the main asteroid belt Asteroid belt The asteroid belt is the region of the Solar System located roughly between the orbits of the planets Mars and Jupiter. It is occupied by numerous irregularly shaped bodies called asteroids or minor planets... |
| 3 kg | The rings of Saturn Rings of Saturn The rings of Saturn are the most extensive planetary ring system of any planet in the Solar System. They consist of countless small particles, ranging in size from micrometres to metres, that form clumps that in turn orbit about Saturn... |
|
| 1020 | 9.4 kg | Ceres, dwarf planet Dwarf planet A dwarf planet, as defined by the International Astronomical Union , is a celestial body orbiting the Sun that is massive enough to be spherical as a result of its own gravity but has not cleared its neighboring region of planetesimals and is not a satellite... within the asteroid belt |
| 1021 yottagram (Yg) |
1.4 kg | Earth's oceans World Ocean The World Ocean, world ocean, or global ocean, is the interconnected system of the Earth's oceanic waters, and comprises the bulk of the hydrosphere, covering almost 71% of the Earth's surface, with a total volume of 1.332 billion cubic kilometres.The unity and continuity of the World Ocean, with... |
| 1.5 kg | Charon Charon (moon) Charon is the largest satellite of the dwarf planet Pluto. It was discovered in 1978 at the United States Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station. Following the 2005 discovery of two other natural satellites of Pluto , Charon may also be referred to as Pluto I... , the largest moon of Pluto |
|
| 2.9-3.7 kg | The asteroid belt Asteroid belt The asteroid belt is the region of the Solar System located roughly between the orbits of the planets Mars and Jupiter. It is occupied by numerous irregularly shaped bodies called asteroids or minor planets... |
|
| 1022 | 1.3 kg | Pluto Pluto Pluto, formal designation 134340 Pluto, is the second-most-massive known dwarf planet in the Solar System and the tenth-most-massive body observed directly orbiting the Sun... |
| 2.1 kg | Triton Triton (moon) Triton is the largest moon of the planet Neptune, discovered on October 10, 1846, by English astronomer William Lassell. It is the only large moon in the Solar System with a retrograde orbit, which is an orbit in the opposite direction to its planet's rotation. At 2,700 km in diameter, it is... , largest moon of Neptune |
|
| 7.3 kg | Earth's Moon Moon The Moon is Earth's only known natural satellite,There are a number of near-Earth asteroids including 3753 Cruithne that are co-orbital with Earth: their orbits bring them close to Earth for periods of time but then alter in the long term . These are quasi-satellites and not true moons. For more... |
|
| 1023 | 1.3 kg | Titan Titan (moon) Titan , or Saturn VI, is the largest moon of Saturn, the only natural satellite known to have a dense atmosphere, and the only object other than Earth for which clear evidence of stable bodies of surface liquid has been found.... , largest moon of Saturn |
| 1.5 kg | Ganymede Ganymede (moon) Ganymede is a satellite of Jupiter and the largest moon in the Solar System. It is the seventh moon and third Galilean satellite outward from Jupiter. Completing an orbit in roughly seven days, Ganymede participates in a 1:2:4 orbital resonance with the moons Europa and Io, respectively... , largest moon of Jupiter |
|
| 3.3 kg | Mercury Mercury (planet) Mercury is the innermost and smallest planet in the Solar System, orbiting the Sun once every 87.969 Earth days. The orbit of Mercury has the highest eccentricity of all the Solar System planets, and it has the smallest axial tilt. It completes three rotations about its axis for every two orbits... |
|
| 6.4 kg | Mars Mars Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun in the Solar System. The planet is named after the Roman god of war, Mars. It is often described as the "Red Planet", as the iron oxide prevalent on its surface gives it a reddish appearance... |
1024 to 1029 kg
| Factor (kg Kilogram The kilogram or kilogramme , also known as the kilo, is the base unit of mass in the International System of Units and is defined as being equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram , which is almost exactly equal to the mass of one liter of water... ) |
Value | Item |
|---|---|---|
| 1024 | 4.9 kg | Venus Venus Venus is the second planet from the Sun, orbiting it every 224.7 Earth days. The planet is named after Venus, the Roman goddess of love and beauty. After the Moon, it is the brightest natural object in the night sky, reaching an apparent magnitude of −4.6, bright enough to cast shadows... |
| 6.0 kg | The Earth Earth Earth is the third planet from the Sun, and the densest and fifth-largest of the eight planets in the Solar System. It is also the largest of the Solar System's four terrestrial planets... |
|
| 1025 | 3 kg | Oort cloud Oort cloud The Oort cloud , or the Öpik–Oort cloud , is a hypothesized spherical cloud of comets which may lie roughly 50,000 AU, or nearly a light-year, from the Sun. This places the cloud at nearly a quarter of the distance to Proxima Centauri, the nearest star to the Sun... |
| 8.7 kg | Uranus Uranus Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun. It has the third-largest planetary radius and fourth-largest planetary mass in the Solar System. It is named after the ancient Greek deity of the sky Uranus , the father of Cronus and grandfather of Zeus... |
|
| 1026 | 1.0 kg | Neptune Neptune Neptune is the eighth and farthest planet from the Sun in the Solar System. Named for the Roman god of the sea, it is the fourth-largest planet by diameter and the third largest by mass. Neptune is 17 times the mass of Earth and is slightly more massive than its near-twin Uranus, which is 15 times... |
| 5.7 kg | Saturn Saturn Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second largest planet in the Solar System, after Jupiter. Saturn is named after the Roman god Saturn, equated to the Greek Cronus , the Babylonian Ninurta and the Hindu Shani. Saturn's astronomical symbol represents the Roman god's sickle.Saturn,... |
|
| 1027 | 1.9 kg | Jupiter Jupiter Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest planet within the Solar System. It is a gas giant with mass one-thousandth that of the Sun but is two and a half times the mass of all the other planets in our Solar System combined. Jupiter is classified as a gas giant along with Saturn,... |
| 1028 | 2–14 kg | Brown dwarf Brown dwarf Brown dwarfs are sub-stellar objects which are too low in mass to sustain hydrogen-1 fusion reactions in their cores, which is characteristic of stars on the main sequence. Brown dwarfs have fully convective surfaces and interiors, with no chemical differentiation by depth... stars (approximate) |
| 1029 | 3 kg | Barnard's Star Barnard's star Barnard's Star, also known occasionally as Barnard's "Runaway" Star, is a very low-mass red dwarf star approximately six light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Ophiuchus . In 1916, the American astronomer E.E... , a nearby red dwarf Red dwarf According to the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, a red dwarf star is a small and relatively cool star, of the main sequence, either late K or M spectral type.... star |
1030 to 1035 kg
| Factor (kg Kilogram The kilogram or kilogramme , also known as the kilo, is the base unit of mass in the International System of Units and is defined as being equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram , which is almost exactly equal to the mass of one liter of water... ) |
Value | Item |
|---|---|---|
| 1030 | 2 kg | The Sun Sun The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. It is almost perfectly spherical and consists of hot plasma interwoven with magnetic fields... (one solar mass Solar mass The solar mass , , is a standard unit of mass in astronomy, used to indicate the masses of other stars and galaxies... or M☉ = 1.989 kg) |
| 2.8 kg | Chandrasekhar limit Chandrasekhar limit When a star starts running out of fuel, it usually cools off and collapses into one of three compact forms, depending on its total mass:* a White Dwarf, a big lump of Carbon and Oxygen atoms, almost like one huge molecule... (1.4 M☉) |
|
| 1031 | 4 kg | Betelgeuse Betelgeuse Betelgeuse, also known by its Bayer designation Alpha Orionis , is the eighth brightest star in the night sky and second brightest star in the constellation of Orion, outshining its neighbour Rigel only rarely... , a red supergiant Supergiant Supergiants are among the most massive stars. They occupy the top region of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. In the Yerkes spectral classification, supergiants are class Ia or Ib . They typically have bolometric absolute magnitudes between -5 and -12... star (20 M☉) |
| 1032 | 2–3 kg | Pistol Star Pistol Star The Pistol Star is a blue hypergiant and is one of the most luminous known stars in the Milky Way Galaxy.It is one of many massive young stars in the Quintuplet cluster in the Galactic Center region.... , one of the most massive known stars (100 to 150 M☉) |
| 6–8 kg | Hyades Hyades (star cluster) The Hyades is the nearest open cluster to the Solar System and one of the best-studied of all star clusters. The Hipparcos satellite, the Hubble Space Telescope, and infrared color-magnitude diagram fitting have been used to establish a distance to the cluster's center of ~153 ly... star cluster (300 to 400 M☉) |
|
| 1033 | 1.6 kg | Pleiades Pleiades (star cluster) In astronomy, the Pleiades, or Seven Sisters , is an open star cluster containing middle-aged hot B-type stars located in the constellation of Taurus. It is among the nearest star clusters to Earth and is the cluster most obvious to the naked eye in the night sky... star cluster (800 M☉) |
| 1034 | ||
| 1035 | ~1035 kg | Typical globular cluster Globular cluster A globular cluster is a spherical collection of stars that orbits a galactic core as a satellite. Globular clusters are very tightly bound by gravity, which gives them their spherical shapes and relatively high stellar densities toward their centers. The name of this category of star cluster is... in the Milky Way Milky Way The Milky Way is the galaxy that contains the Solar System. This name derives from its appearance as a dim un-resolved "milky" glowing band arching across the night sky... (overall range: 3 to 3 M☉) |
| 2 kg | Low end of mass range for giant molecular clouds Molecular cloud A molecular cloud, sometimes called a stellar nursery if star formation is occurring within, is a type of interstellar cloud whose density and size permits the formation of molecules, most commonly molecular hydrogen .... (1 to 1 M☉) |
|
| 7.3 kg | Jeans mass of a giant molecular cloud Molecular cloud A molecular cloud, sometimes called a stellar nursery if star formation is occurring within, is a type of interstellar cloud whose density and size permits the formation of molecules, most commonly molecular hydrogen .... at 100K and density 30 atoms per cc; possible example: Orion Molecular Cloud Complex Orion Molecular Cloud Complex The Orion Molecular Cloud Complex refers to a large group of bright nebula, dark clouds, and young stars located in the constellation of Orion. The cloud itself is between 1,500 and 1,600 light-years away and is hundreds of light-years across... |
1036 to 1041 kg
| Factor (kg Kilogram The kilogram or kilogramme , also known as the kilo, is the base unit of mass in the International System of Units and is defined as being equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram , which is almost exactly equal to the mass of one liter of water... ) |
Value | Item |
|---|---|---|
| 1036 | 2.4 kg | The Gould Belt Gould Belt The Gould Belt is a partial ring of stars in the Milky Way galaxy, about 3000 light years across, tilted toward the galactic plane by about 16 to 20 degrees. It contains many spectral class O- and B-type stars, and may represent the local spiral arm to which the Sun belongs—currently the Sun is... of stars, including the Sun (1.2 M☉) |
| 7-8 kg | The supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, associated with the radio source Sagittarius A* (3.7±0.2 M☉) | |
| 1037 | ||
| 1038 | ||
| 1039 | ||
| 1040 | 3.6 kg | OJ287, the largest measured supermassive black hole Supermassive black hole A supermassive black hole is the largest type of black hole in a galaxy, in the order of hundreds of thousands to billions of solar masses. Most, and possibly all galaxies, including the Milky Way, are believed to contain supermassive black holes at their centers.Supermassive black holes have... (1.8 M☉) |
| 1041 | 4 kg | Visible mass of the Milky Way galaxy |
1042 kg and greater
| Factor (kg Kilogram The kilogram or kilogramme , also known as the kilo, is the base unit of mass in the International System of Units and is defined as being equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram , which is almost exactly equal to the mass of one liter of water... ) |
Value | Item |
|---|---|---|
| 1042 | 1.2 kg | Milky Way galaxy (5.8 M☉) |
| 2-3 kg | Local Group Local Group The Local Group is the group of galaxies that includes Earth's galaxy, the Milky Way. The group comprises more than 30 galaxies , with its gravitational center located somewhere between the Milky Way and the Andromeda Galaxy... of galaxies, including the Milky Way (1.29±0.14 M☉) |
|
| 1043 | ||
| 1044 | ||
| 1045 | 2 kg | Local or Virgo Supercluster Virgo Supercluster The Virgo Supercluster or Local Supercluster is the irregular supercluster that contains the Virgo Cluster in addition to the Local Group, which in turn contains the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies. At least 100 galaxy groups and clusters are located within its diameter of 33 megaparsecs... of galaxies, including the Local Group (1 M☉) |
| 1046 | ||
| 1047 | ||
| 1048 | ||
| 1049 | ||
| 1050 | 3 kg | Low end of the range for the estimated mass of the universe. |
| 1051 | ||
| 1052 | 3 kg | Mass of the observable universe |
| 1060 | 2 kg | High end of the range for the estimated mass of the universe. |
This series on orders of magnitude does not have a range of larger masses