Sahiwal District
Encyclopedia
Sahiwal District is a district
in the Punjab
province
of Pakistan
. As of 1998, it had a population of 1,843,194 people, 16.27% of which were located in urban areas. Since 2008, Sahiwal District along with Okara District
and Pakpattan District
has comprised the Sahiwal Division
. The city of Sahiwal
is the capital of both the district and the division.
Sahiwal Division is located in the south-east of Punjab, from Multan Division
it lies between 30-40 north latitude
and 73-06 longitude
. It is 500 ft (152.4 m) above sea level. It forms a parallelogram lying NE-SW along the River Ravi. It is 100 km from east to west and 45 km from the north-western boundary of the Division of Sahiwal, Division Faisalabad
, District Toba Tek Singh
. The dry River Khushak Bias separates it from the DistrictPakpattan
. Okara
District is east of the division. District Khanewal and District Vehari form boundaries with the division, and on the southern side is District Pakpattan, where there is a shrine of the Sufi Hazrat Baba Fareed Shaker Gunj.
It is situated on the main bypass, 3 kilometers from the main city. Sahiwal Division has an area of 301 km². Sahiwal Division contains subtowns like Qadirabad, Yousafwala, Iqbal Nagar, Kassowal, Noorshah, Harappa and Ghaziabad. There are transport connections via Highway Services and Pakistan Railways
to all over Pakistan.
extended the Sikh
supremacy as far as Multan, the population for the most part remained in a chronic state of rebellion. After the hold of the Mughal Empire had relaxed, the District was divided among the Sikh Nakkais and a number of important muslim tribes (Kharrals, Sials, Wattus, Hans). Between 1804 - 1810, Maharaja Ranjit Singh
held most of the district, except for a strip on the Sutlej, which was held by the Nawab of Bahawalpur on payment of tribute to Maharaja Ranjit Singh
. However, it was occupied by Maharaja Ranjit Singh
on default of payment. British influence was first exercised in the district in 1847, when an officer was deputed to effect a summary settlement of the land revenue. The district came under direct British rule in 1849, when the district was officially formed with its headquarters at Pakpattan
. The district was expanded to include the trans-Ravi portion in 1852, and the district headquarters were moved to Gugera. In 1865, when the railway was opened, a village on the railway, was named Montgomery and became the capital of the district.
During the Indian Rebellion of 1857
, there was a general rising of the Jat clans, the District formed the scene of the only rising which took place north of the Sutlej. Before the end of May 1857, emissaries from Delhi crossed the river from Sirsa and Hissar, where open rebellion was already rife, and met with a ready reception from the Kharrals and other wild Jat clans. The District authorities, however, kept down the threatened rising till August 26, 1857 when the prisoners in jail made a desperate attempt to break loose. At the same time Ahmad Khan, a famous Kharral leader, who had been detained at Gugera, broke his arrest, and, though apprehended, was released on security, together with several other suspected chieftains. On September 16 they fled to their homes, and the whole country rose in open rebellion. Kot Kamalia
was sacked; and Major Chamberlain, moving up with a small force from Multan, was besieged for some days at Chichawatni
on the Ravi. The situation at the civil station remained critical till Colonel Paton arrived with substantial reinforcements from Lahore. An attack which took place immediately after their arrival was repulsed. Several minor actions followed in the open field, until finally the rebels, driven from the plain into the wildest jungles of the interior, were utterly defeated and dispersed. The British troops then inflicted severe punishment on the insurgent clans, destroying their villages, and seizing large numbers of cattle for sale.
The region was traversed by the main line of the North-Western Railway, from Lahore
to Multan
, and is irrigated by the Upper Sutlej inundation canal system, and also from the Ravi. The Rechna Doab was long home to the pastoral Jats, who had constantly maintained a sturdy independence against the successive rulers of northern India. The sites of Kot Kamalia
and Harappa
contain large mounds of antique bricks and other ruins left by the Indus Valley Civilisation, while many other remains of ancient cities or villages lie scattered along the river bank, or dotted the then-barren stretches of the central waste.
The district comprised of 3 towns and 1371 villages. Its population was 360,445 (1868), 426,529 (1881), 499,521 (1891) and 497,706 (1901). In 1901, 72% of the population were muslims, while hindus and sikhs formed 28%.
The district was part of the Lahore Division
of Punjab Province. The district went to Pakistan upon the Partition of British India
into the independent states of India and Pakistan in 1947.
breed is the best dairy breed of zebu or humped cattle (Bos Indicus), followed by the very similar Red Sindhi and Butana breeds. It originated in the dry Punjab region which lies along the Indo-Pakistani border, and was once kept in large herds by professional herdsmen called "Jaanglees". With the introduction of irrigation to the region their numbers dripped, and farmers used them as draft and dairy animals. The Division Sahiwal has one of the best dairy breeds in India
and Pakistan
. It is thick-resistant, heat-tolerant and resistant to parasites, both internal and external. Cows average 2270 kilograms of milk while suckling a calf and much higher milk yields have been recorded. Due to their heat tolerance and high milk production they have been exported to other Asian countries, Africa
, Caribbean
and around the world. As oxen, they are docile but slow, making them more useful for slow work. Their colour can range from reddish brown to red, with varying amounts of white on the neck, and the underline. In males, the colour darkens towards the extremities, such as the head, legs and tails. Sahiwal breed arrived in Australia
via New Guinea
in the early 1950s. In Australia, the Sahiwal breed was initially selected as a dual-purpose breed. It played a valuable role in the development of the two Australian tropical dairy breeds, the Australian milking zebu and the Australian Fresian Sahiwal. Sahiwal breeds are now used in Australia for beef production, as crossing high-grade Sahiwal sires with Bos taurus animals produced a carcass of lean quality with desirable fat cover.
The Sahiwal breed is the heaviest milker of all zebu breeds and displays a well-developed udder. It sires small, fast-growing calves and is noted for its hardiness under unfavourable climatic conditions.
is important to the local economy, particularly the growing of cotton, grain, potato, wheat and rice exported all over Pakistan and around the world. As well as its cattle
and sheep, the Division is also famous for Water Buffalo
milk all over the world.
.
Harrapa is now a large village in the Sahiwal Division of Punjab, 15 miles (24.1 km) southwest of the district capital. Archaeologists think that in ancient times Harappa
was the urban centre in the upper Indus region, much like Mohenjo-daro
dominated the lower Indus Valley and Ganweriwala might have been the urban centre for what is now Rajasthan
. The site at Harappa was first excavated by Sir Alexander Cunningham
in 1872-73, two decades after Brick Robbers carried off the visible remains of the city. He found an Indus Seal of an unknown origin.
The first extensive excavations at Harappa were started by Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni in 1920. His excavations at Mohenjo-daro called attention to the Indus Valley civilization
as the earliest urban culture in the Indian Sub-Continent. His work was followed later in the decade by that of Madho Sarup Vats, also of the Archaeological Survey of India. Excavations continued in the 1930s, and later in 1946, Sir Mortimer Wheeler
excavated the fortification walls and found the first pre-Indus Valley civilization (Kot Dijian) deposits. After Independence in 1947, Harappa was excavated by Mohammed Rafique Mughal
of the Archaeological Survey Department of Pakistan in 1966. In 1986, the first systematic, multi-disciplinary excavations of an Indus Valley city were begun by the Harappa Archaeological Project (HARP), under the direction of George F. Dales
and Jonathan Mark Kenoyer
. The main features of the plan, the citadel on the west and the mounds of the ‘lower city’ towards the east and southeast have already been indicated. To the north, a hollowed belt containing green crops marks an old bed of the River Ravi, which today flows six miles (10 km) further north between the citadel and the riverbed, Mound F contains much of the town planning; to the south of the citadel lie the outlying hills, the Harappan cemetery and the post Harappan cemetery. To the southeast, sporadic digging has been carried out in Area G, but the ragged Mound E and its surroundings unexplored. Most of the site remains unexcavated. The earliest deposits on the site go back to 5300 B.C. and the area seems to have been continuously inhabited ever since.
, in Greater Manchester
, North West England
.There is a direction sign in Rochdale's town centre pointing in Sahiwal's direction with "Sahiwal 3960 miles" written on it.
is the most popular sports in Sahiwal. Sahiwal produced many cricketers like Mushtaq Ahmed
, Manzoor Elahi
, Zahoor Elahi
and Saleem Elahi
. Football is quite popular too.
Fateh Sher Colony, Tariq Bin Ziad (TBZ) Colony, Mohalla Rajpura,KOT ALLAH DIN, Kot Khadim Ali Sah, Barkad Town, Bahir wala adda, Jogi chowk, Lala Zar Colony,135/9.L, 134/9.L etc
The private sector is playing a major role in education system. schools in this regard are:
s (Sahis, Bashera, Purbera), Tullah
, Maher
, Dogar
, Syal
, Sanpal, Sipra
, Khichi
, Wasli
, Kamboh, Kathia
, Arain
, Langriyal
, Bhatti, Bhutta, Jats, Murdana a Subtribe of Rind
Balochs, Khagga
(Qureshi), Pathans and Gillani Syeds of Shekhu Shareef.
is the spoken language of people of district.
Urdu is also spoken language of citizans
The results were as follows:
.
The jail’s authorized accommodation is 1565, however, at present around 4500 prisoners (number varies almost on a daily basis) of three districts i.e. Sahiwal, Okara and Pakpattan are confined in this prison.
A rough break-down of the prison population to give an idea to the reader is given below:
Undertrial Prisoners 2768
CT Prisoners 849
CP Prisoners 538
Juvenile Prisoners 57
Female Prisoners 37
Total population 4249
Historically, this prison was famous by the name of Montgomery Jail.
Before and after independence, a numbers of politicians, poet, and social activists had remained confined in this prison, including Abu-ul-Kalam, Jawahar Lal Nehru, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, Sardar Abdul Qayyum Khan, Agha Shorash Kashmeeri, Faiz Ahmad Faiz, Habib Jalab, and Maulana Zafar Ali Khan.
Maulana Zafar Ali Khan remained confined in Montgomery Prison for 5 years. His famous poems Book namely “Jasyat” is in the memory of Montgomery Prison’s memory.
While in prison, Faiz Ahmad Faiz wrote “Zindan Nama”.
To fulfill the requirements of the inmates and made them useful citizen after their release, a Literacy Center has been established. About 1000 inmates are using this Center. Jail warders and convicts having minimum qualification Fellow of Arts (12th grade) have been deputed teachers in these Literacy Centers.
A computer center has been established for the juvenile prisoners.
The jail also has a farm where vegetables and fodder is grown.
The prison also has a factory where carpets, duree, woolen blankets and jute tatts are made.
A new high security jail is under construction next to the central jail.
Districts of Pakistan
The Districts of Pakistan are the second order administrative divisions of Pakistan. Districts were the third order of administrative divisions, below provinces and "divisions", until the reforms of August 2000, when "divisions" were abolished...
in the Punjab
Punjab (Pakistan)
Punjab is the most populous province of Pakistan, with approximately 45% of the country's total population. Forming most of the Punjab region, the province is bordered by Kashmir to the north-east, the Indian states of Punjab and Rajasthan to the east, the Pakistani province of Sindh to the...
province
Subdivisions of Pakistan
The administrative units of Pakistan consist of four provinces, one federal capital territory, and a group of federally-administered tribal areas...
of Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
. As of 1998, it had a population of 1,843,194 people, 16.27% of which were located in urban areas. Since 2008, Sahiwal District along with Okara District
Okara District
Okara District is a district of Punjab, Pakistan. The Multan Road connects the district capital, Okara with tLahore 110 km away. Okara began as a small town about 40 km from the city of Sahiwal. It later become a city in its own right. According to the 1998 census, the district had a...
and Pakpattan District
Pakpattan District
Pakpattan District is a district of Punjab Province in Pakistan, Pakpattan is the district capital. According to the 1998 census of Pakistan, it had a population of 1,286,680 of which 14% were urban...
has comprised the Sahiwal Division
Sahiwal Division
Sahiwal Division is one of the nine Divisions of Punjab province of Pakistan. As of 1998, current regions of Sahiwal had a population of 6,271,247 people, with an annual growth-rate of 1.92%. Since 2008, Sahiwal District along with Okara District and Pakpattan District has comprised the Sahiwal...
. The city of Sahiwal
Sahiwal
Sahiwal is a city in Punjab, Pakistan. It is the administrative centre of Sahiwal District and Sahiwal Division. Sahiwal is approximately 180 km from the major city Lahore and is the city between Lahore and Multan...
is the capital of both the district and the division.
Location
Multan Division
Multan Division was an administrative division of the Punjab Province of Pakistan, until the reforms of 2000 abolished the third tier of government.-History:Multan Division was created during British Rule in the subcontinent...
it lies between 30-40 north latitude
Latitude
In geography, the latitude of a location on the Earth is the angular distance of that location south or north of the Equator. The latitude is an angle, and is usually measured in degrees . The equator has a latitude of 0°, the North pole has a latitude of 90° north , and the South pole has a...
and 73-06 longitude
Longitude
Longitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east-west position of a point on the Earth's surface. It is an angular measurement, usually expressed in degrees, minutes and seconds, and denoted by the Greek letter lambda ....
. It is 500 ft (152.4 m) above sea level. It forms a parallelogram lying NE-SW along the River Ravi. It is 100 km from east to west and 45 km from the north-western boundary of the Division of Sahiwal, Division Faisalabad
Faisalabad
Faisalabad , formerly known as Lyallpur, is the third largest metropolis in Pakistan, the second largest in the province of Punjab after Lahore, and a major industrial center in the heart of Pakistan. Before the foundation of the city in 1880, the area was very thinly populated. The population has...
, District Toba Tek Singh
Toba Tek Singh
Toba Tek Singh District is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is located between 30°33' to 31°2' Degree north latitudes and 72°08' to 72°48' Degree longitudes.-Origins of Name:...
. The dry River Khushak Bias separates it from the DistrictPakpattan
Pakpattan
Pakpattan is the capital city of the Pakpattan District in the Sahiwal Division in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Pakpattan is one of the ancient cities of Pakistan. It is the city that has the shrine of the well-known Sufi of all times, Baba Fareed...
. Okara
Okara
Okara can have several meanings:* Okara * Okara, Pakistan*Okara Tehsil* Okara District, Pakistan* Gabriel Okara, a Nigerian writer....
District is east of the division. District Khanewal and District Vehari form boundaries with the division, and on the southern side is District Pakpattan, where there is a shrine of the Sufi Hazrat Baba Fareed Shaker Gunj.
Administration
Sahiwal Division consists of 531 villages in two subdivisions.| Tehsils |
|---|
| Sahiwal |
| Chichawatni |
It is situated on the main bypass, 3 kilometers from the main city. Sahiwal Division has an area of 301 km². Sahiwal Division contains subtowns like Qadirabad, Yousafwala, Iqbal Nagar, Kassowal, Noorshah, Harappa and Ghaziabad. There are transport connections via Highway Services and Pakistan Railways
Pakistan Railways
This article is about the rail company in Pakistan. For technical details and operations see: Transport in Pakistan.Pakistan Railways is a national state-owned rail transport service of Pakistan, head-quartered in Lahore. It is administered by the federal government under the Ministry of Railways....
to all over Pakistan.
History
The pastoral tribes of this barren expanse did not appear to have paid more than a nominal allegiance to the Muslim rulers, and even in the 19th century, when Ranjit SinghRanjit Singh
Maharaja Ranjit Singh Ji was the first Maharaja of the Sikh Empire.-Early life:...
extended the Sikh
Sikh
A Sikh is a follower of Sikhism. It primarily originated in the 15th century in the Punjab region of South Asia. The term "Sikh" has its origin in Sanskrit term शिष्य , meaning "disciple, student" or शिक्ष , meaning "instruction"...
supremacy as far as Multan, the population for the most part remained in a chronic state of rebellion. After the hold of the Mughal Empire had relaxed, the District was divided among the Sikh Nakkais and a number of important muslim tribes (Kharrals, Sials, Wattus, Hans). Between 1804 - 1810, Maharaja Ranjit Singh
Ranjit Singh
Maharaja Ranjit Singh Ji was the first Maharaja of the Sikh Empire.-Early life:...
held most of the district, except for a strip on the Sutlej, which was held by the Nawab of Bahawalpur on payment of tribute to Maharaja Ranjit Singh
Ranjit Singh
Maharaja Ranjit Singh Ji was the first Maharaja of the Sikh Empire.-Early life:...
. However, it was occupied by Maharaja Ranjit Singh
Ranjit Singh
Maharaja Ranjit Singh Ji was the first Maharaja of the Sikh Empire.-Early life:...
on default of payment. British influence was first exercised in the district in 1847, when an officer was deputed to effect a summary settlement of the land revenue. The district came under direct British rule in 1849, when the district was officially formed with its headquarters at Pakpattan
Pakpattan
Pakpattan is the capital city of the Pakpattan District in the Sahiwal Division in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Pakpattan is one of the ancient cities of Pakistan. It is the city that has the shrine of the well-known Sufi of all times, Baba Fareed...
. The district was expanded to include the trans-Ravi portion in 1852, and the district headquarters were moved to Gugera. In 1865, when the railway was opened, a village on the railway, was named Montgomery and became the capital of the district.
During the Indian Rebellion of 1857
Indian Rebellion of 1857
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of sepoys of the British East India Company's army on 10 May 1857, in the town of Meerut, and soon escalated into other mutinies and civilian rebellions largely in the upper Gangetic plain and central India, with the major hostilities confined to...
, there was a general rising of the Jat clans, the District formed the scene of the only rising which took place north of the Sutlej. Before the end of May 1857, emissaries from Delhi crossed the river from Sirsa and Hissar, where open rebellion was already rife, and met with a ready reception from the Kharrals and other wild Jat clans. The District authorities, however, kept down the threatened rising till August 26, 1857 when the prisoners in jail made a desperate attempt to break loose. At the same time Ahmad Khan, a famous Kharral leader, who had been detained at Gugera, broke his arrest, and, though apprehended, was released on security, together with several other suspected chieftains. On September 16 they fled to their homes, and the whole country rose in open rebellion. Kot Kamalia
Kamalia
Kamalia is a city and tehsil of the Punjab Province of Pakistan. It is part of Toba Tek Singh District, which is part of the erstwhile Faisalabad Division.-History:...
was sacked; and Major Chamberlain, moving up with a small force from Multan, was besieged for some days at Chichawatni
Chichawatni
Chichawatni is a town in the Sahiwal District of the Pakistani province of Punjab. Situated near the Grand Trunk Road, it lies approximately from Sahiwal, the district capital.-Etymology:...
on the Ravi. The situation at the civil station remained critical till Colonel Paton arrived with substantial reinforcements from Lahore. An attack which took place immediately after their arrival was repulsed. Several minor actions followed in the open field, until finally the rebels, driven from the plain into the wildest jungles of the interior, were utterly defeated and dispersed. The British troops then inflicted severe punishment on the insurgent clans, destroying their villages, and seizing large numbers of cattle for sale.
The region was traversed by the main line of the North-Western Railway, from Lahore
Lahore
Lahore is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and the second largest city in the country. With a rich and fabulous history dating back to over a thousand years ago, Lahore is no doubt Pakistan's cultural capital. One of the most densely populated cities in the world, Lahore remains a...
to Multan
Multan
Multan , is a city in the Punjab Province of Pakistan and capital of Multan District. It is located in the southern part of the province on the east bank of the Chenab River, more or less in the geographic centre of the country and about from Islamabad, from Lahore and from Karachi...
, and is irrigated by the Upper Sutlej inundation canal system, and also from the Ravi. The Rechna Doab was long home to the pastoral Jats, who had constantly maintained a sturdy independence against the successive rulers of northern India. The sites of Kot Kamalia
Kamalia
Kamalia is a city and tehsil of the Punjab Province of Pakistan. It is part of Toba Tek Singh District, which is part of the erstwhile Faisalabad Division.-History:...
and Harappa
Harappa
Harappa is an archaeological site in Punjab, northeast Pakistan, about west of Sahiwal. The site takes its name from a modern village located near the former course of the Ravi River. The current village of Harappa is from the ancient site. Although modern Harappa has a train station left from...
contain large mounds of antique bricks and other ruins left by the Indus Valley Civilisation, while many other remains of ancient cities or villages lie scattered along the river bank, or dotted the then-barren stretches of the central waste.
The district comprised of 3 towns and 1371 villages. Its population was 360,445 (1868), 426,529 (1881), 499,521 (1891) and 497,706 (1901). In 1901, 72% of the population were muslims, while hindus and sikhs formed 28%.
The district was part of the Lahore Division
Lahore Division
Lahore Division was an administrative division of the Punjab Province of Pakistan, until the reforms of 2000 abolished the third tier of government.-History:Lahore Division was originally an administrative division of the Punjab Province of British India...
of Punjab Province. The district went to Pakistan upon the Partition of British India
Partition of India
The Partition of India was the partition of British India on the basis of religious demographics that led to the creation of the sovereign states of the Dominion of Pakistan and the Union of India on 14 and 15...
into the independent states of India and Pakistan in 1947.
Sahiwal Dairy Cattle Breed
The Sahiwal cattleSahiwal cattle
Sahiwal is a breed of Zebu cattle which primarily is used in dairy production. Sahiwal originated from the Sahiwal district of Pakistan, a dry region of Punjab which lies along the Indian-Pakistani border....
breed is the best dairy breed of zebu or humped cattle (Bos Indicus), followed by the very similar Red Sindhi and Butana breeds. It originated in the dry Punjab region which lies along the Indo-Pakistani border, and was once kept in large herds by professional herdsmen called "Jaanglees". With the introduction of irrigation to the region their numbers dripped, and farmers used them as draft and dairy animals. The Division Sahiwal has one of the best dairy breeds in India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
and Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
. It is thick-resistant, heat-tolerant and resistant to parasites, both internal and external. Cows average 2270 kilograms of milk while suckling a calf and much higher milk yields have been recorded. Due to their heat tolerance and high milk production they have been exported to other Asian countries, Africa
Africa
Africa is the world's second largest and second most populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km² including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area...
, Caribbean
Caribbean
The Caribbean is a crescent-shaped group of islands more than 2,000 miles long separating the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, to the west and south, from the Atlantic Ocean, to the east and north...
and around the world. As oxen, they are docile but slow, making them more useful for slow work. Their colour can range from reddish brown to red, with varying amounts of white on the neck, and the underline. In males, the colour darkens towards the extremities, such as the head, legs and tails. Sahiwal breed arrived in Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
via New Guinea
New Guinea
New Guinea is the world's second largest island, after Greenland, covering a land area of 786,000 km2. Located in the southwest Pacific Ocean, it lies geographically to the east of the Malay Archipelago, with which it is sometimes included as part of a greater Indo-Australian Archipelago...
in the early 1950s. In Australia, the Sahiwal breed was initially selected as a dual-purpose breed. It played a valuable role in the development of the two Australian tropical dairy breeds, the Australian milking zebu and the Australian Fresian Sahiwal. Sahiwal breeds are now used in Australia for beef production, as crossing high-grade Sahiwal sires with Bos taurus animals produced a carcass of lean quality with desirable fat cover.
The Sahiwal breed is the heaviest milker of all zebu breeds and displays a well-developed udder. It sires small, fast-growing calves and is noted for its hardiness under unfavourable climatic conditions.
Agriculture
AgricultureAgriculture
Agriculture is the cultivation of animals, plants, fungi and other life forms for food, fiber, and other products used to sustain life. Agriculture was the key implement in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the...
is important to the local economy, particularly the growing of cotton, grain, potato, wheat and rice exported all over Pakistan and around the world. As well as its cattle
Cattle
Cattle are the most common type of large domesticated ungulates. They are a prominent modern member of the subfamily Bovinae, are the most widespread species of the genus Bos, and are most commonly classified collectively as Bos primigenius...
and sheep, the Division is also famous for Water Buffalo
Water Buffalo
The water buffalo or domestic Asian water buffalo is a large bovine animal, frequently used as livestock in southern Asia, and also widely in South America, southern Europe, northern Africa, and elsewhere....
milk all over the world.
Harappa
One of the ancient civilizations on archaeological evidence dated 3000 to 5000 B.C. 15 miles (24.1 km) south-west from downtown in suburb of Harapa which was the northern city of Indus Valley CivilizationIndus Valley Civilization
The Indus Valley Civilization was a Bronze Age civilization that was located in the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent, consisting of what is now mainly modern-day Pakistan and northwest India...
.
Harrapa is now a large village in the Sahiwal Division of Punjab, 15 miles (24.1 km) southwest of the district capital. Archaeologists think that in ancient times Harappa
Harappa
Harappa is an archaeological site in Punjab, northeast Pakistan, about west of Sahiwal. The site takes its name from a modern village located near the former course of the Ravi River. The current village of Harappa is from the ancient site. Although modern Harappa has a train station left from...
was the urban centre in the upper Indus region, much like Mohenjo-daro
Mohenjo-daro
Mohenjo-daro is an archeological site situated in what is now the province of Sindh, Pakistan. Built around 2600 BC, it was one of the largest settlements of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, and one of the world's earliest major urban settlements, existing at the same time as the...
dominated the lower Indus Valley and Ganweriwala might have been the urban centre for what is now Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Rājasthān the land of Rajasthanis, , is the largest state of the Republic of India by area. It is located in the northwest of India. It encompasses most of the area of the large, inhospitable Great Indian Desert , which has an edge paralleling the Sutlej-Indus river valley along its border with...
. The site at Harappa was first excavated by Sir Alexander Cunningham
Alexander Cunningham
Sir Alexander Cunningham KCIE CSI was a British archaeologist and army engineer, known as the father of the Archaeological Survey of India...
in 1872-73, two decades after Brick Robbers carried off the visible remains of the city. He found an Indus Seal of an unknown origin.
The first extensive excavations at Harappa were started by Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni in 1920. His excavations at Mohenjo-daro called attention to the Indus Valley civilization
Indus Valley Civilization
The Indus Valley Civilization was a Bronze Age civilization that was located in the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent, consisting of what is now mainly modern-day Pakistan and northwest India...
as the earliest urban culture in the Indian Sub-Continent. His work was followed later in the decade by that of Madho Sarup Vats, also of the Archaeological Survey of India. Excavations continued in the 1930s, and later in 1946, Sir Mortimer Wheeler
Mortimer Wheeler
Brigadier Sir Robert Eric Mortimer Wheeler CH, CIE, MC, FBA, FSA , was one of the best-known British archaeologists of the twentieth century.-Education and career:...
excavated the fortification walls and found the first pre-Indus Valley civilization (Kot Dijian) deposits. After Independence in 1947, Harappa was excavated by Mohammed Rafique Mughal
Mohammed Rafique Mughal
Muhammad Rafiq Mugal is a Pakistani archaeologist, engaged in investigating of ethnoarchaeological research in Chitral, northern Pakistan. He has been responsible for the direction, technical support and supervision for restoration and conservation of more than thirty monuments and excavated...
of the Archaeological Survey Department of Pakistan in 1966. In 1986, the first systematic, multi-disciplinary excavations of an Indus Valley city were begun by the Harappa Archaeological Project (HARP), under the direction of George F. Dales
George F. Dales
George Franklin Dales Jr. , was an archaeology professor at the University of Pennsylvania, and later the University of California, Berkeley, where he chaired the South and Southeast Asian Studies department. He was considered a leading expert on Indus valley peoples and their languages.-Early...
and Jonathan Mark Kenoyer
Jonathan Mark Kenoyer
Jonathan Mark Kenoyer is an American archaeologist and Professor of Anthropology at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He earned his Bachelor of Arts, Master's, and Doctorate degrees at the University of California, Berkeley, finishing in 1983.Considered one of the world's leading experts on the...
. The main features of the plan, the citadel on the west and the mounds of the ‘lower city’ towards the east and southeast have already been indicated. To the north, a hollowed belt containing green crops marks an old bed of the River Ravi, which today flows six miles (10 km) further north between the citadel and the riverbed, Mound F contains much of the town planning; to the south of the citadel lie the outlying hills, the Harappan cemetery and the post Harappan cemetery. To the southeast, sporadic digging has been carried out in Area G, but the ragged Mound E and its surroundings unexplored. Most of the site remains unexcavated. The earliest deposits on the site go back to 5300 B.C. and the area seems to have been continuously inhabited ever since.
Muslim Majority District
During the Partition of Punjab in 1947 Montgomery Known then (Sahiwal District) was a Muslim Majority District The Hindus and Sikhs Fled To the other side of the Border there was lots of Chaos and Riots Through out Sahiwal District This District was given to Newly Created Islamic Pakistan in the year 1947 after Muslim Refuges from Opposite side Crossed over and Settled in this District.Climate
The climate of Sahiwal Division is extremely hot, reaching 45-50 degrees Celsius max in summers, and cold in winter down to 5-10 degree Celsius. The soil of the division is very fertile. The average rainfall is about 2000 mm.Major industries
Sahiwal's industries include cotton ginning and pressing, tanning, textile (City cloth palace,City Fashion Center), textile spinning, weaving, leather products, garments, pharmaceuticals, flour mills, food processing, oil mills, cold storage, potato, tobacco, vegetable ghee/cooking oil, biscuits, chip board, confectionery, and woollen textile spinning and weaving. The Sahiwal breed of cattle, recognised as productive among Zebu dairy breeds, originated here; they are found now throughout the tropics. The main crops of the Sahiwal district are wheat, cotton, sugarcane, maize and rice. Main fruits are citrus, mangoes and guava. Sahiwal is a green and fertile town with 11,522 acres (46.63 km2) forests. KSC is an electrical industry in Sahiwal, producing water heaters, water coolers, air coolers, fans and washing machines.Twin cities
Sahiwal city is twinned with the town of RochdaleRochdale
Rochdale is a large market town in Greater Manchester, England. It lies amongst the foothills of the Pennines on the River Roch, north-northwest of Oldham, and north-northeast of the city of Manchester. Rochdale is surrounded by several smaller settlements which together form the Metropolitan...
, in Greater Manchester
Greater Manchester
Greater Manchester is a metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2.6 million. It encompasses one of the largest metropolitan areas in the United Kingdom and comprises ten metropolitan boroughs: Bolton, Bury, Oldham, Rochdale, Stockport, Tameside, Trafford, Wigan, and the...
, North West England
North West England
North West England, informally known as The North West, is one of the nine official regions of England.North West England had a 2006 estimated population of 6,853,201 the third most populated region after London and the South East...
.There is a direction sign in Rochdale's town centre pointing in Sahiwal's direction with "Sahiwal 3960 miles" written on it.
Sports
CricketCricket
Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of 11 players on an oval-shaped field, at the centre of which is a rectangular 22-yard long pitch. One team bats, trying to score as many runs as possible while the other team bowls and fields, trying to dismiss the batsmen and thus limit the...
is the most popular sports in Sahiwal. Sahiwal produced many cricketers like Mushtaq Ahmed
Mushtaq Ahmed
Mushtaq Ahmed is a retired Pakistani cricketer who specialised as a leg spin bowler. He was known for his hard-to-pick googly. He memorably trapped Graeme Hick in front with one during the 1992 World Cup final. He was a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1997...
, Manzoor Elahi
Manzoor Elahi
Manzoor Elahi is a former Pakistani cricketer who played in 6 Tests and 54 ODIs from 1984 to 1995....
, Zahoor Elahi
Zahoor Elahi
Zahoor Elahi is a Pakistani cricketer who played in 2 Tests and 14 ODIs from 1996 to 1997. His debut was against Zimbabwe...
and Saleem Elahi
Saleem Elahi
Saleem Elahi is a former Pakistani cricketer who played in 13 Tests and 48 ODIs from 1995 to 2004...
. Football is quite popular too.
Notable residents
- Abdus SalamAbdus SalamMohammad Abdus Salam, NI, SPk Mohammad Abdus Salam, NI, SPk Mohammad Abdus Salam, NI, SPk (Urdu: محمد عبد السلام, pronounced , (January 29, 1926– November 21, 1996) was a Pakistani theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate in Physics for his work on the electroweak unification of the...
, Pakistan's only Nobel Prize winner was born in Santokdas, Division Sahiwal, according to his elder sister and his obituary, although he grew up in JhangJhang- Demographics :According to 1981 census of Pakistan population of Jhang was 1,970,944 with the 434,495 housing units in Jhang. In 1998 census, population of Jhang was 2,834,545, whose annually growth rate was 2.16%. Male population was 1,474,099 and female population was 1,360,446...
. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for his achievements in the field of Theoretical Physics in 1979. He is buried in RabwahRabwahRabwah is a private city in the Chiniot District of Punjab Province, Pakistan located on the Chenab River near the historic city of Chiniot...
, in the Jhang district.
- Majeed AmjadMajeed AmjadMajeed Amjad was one of the greatest of modern Urdu poets of the Indian subcontinent. In the popular culture he is not as well known or widely read as Faiz Ahmed Faiz, Noon Meem Rashid, Nasir Kazmi or Meeraji but amongst the cognoscenti and many critics he is widely regarded as a philosophical...
, one of the founding forefathers of modern UrduUrduUrdu is a register of the Hindustani language that is identified with Muslims in South Asia. It belongs to the Indo-European family. Urdu is the national language and lingua franca of Pakistan. It is also widely spoken in some regions of India, where it is one of the 22 scheduled languages and an...
literature, was born in Sahiwal and received his education from Government College LahoreLahoreLahore is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and the second largest city in the country. With a rich and fabulous history dating back to over a thousand years ago, Lahore is no doubt Pakistan's cultural capital. One of the most densely populated cities in the world, Lahore remains a...
. He was inspired by the greenery of Sahiwal and wrote about the trees and greenery of Sahiwal. There is a park named for him.
- Munir NiaziMunir NiaziMunir Ahmad, better known as Munir Niazi, SI was an Urdu poet from Pakistan who also produced poetry in the Panjabi language.Niazi was born in Khanpur on 19 April 1928, a village near Hoshiarpur, India. He was from the Niazi tribe...
, A leading Urdu language poet of national and international stature.
Notable towns and colonies
Pak Avanue, Shadman Town, Gulistan Colony, Farid Town, Nai Abadi, Bilal colony sahiwal,Mohalla Tullah WalaFateh Sher Colony, Tariq Bin Ziad (TBZ) Colony, Mohalla Rajpura,KOT ALLAH DIN, Kot Khadim Ali Sah, Barkad Town, Bahir wala adda, Jogi chowk, Lala Zar Colony,135/9.L, 134/9.L etc
Information super highway
There are various radio and cable networks broadcasting in the city, such as Sun Rise FM 96 Sahiwal and Suno Dil 102 radio and cable networks like Voltas Cable Network, Galaxy Cable Network and Geo Cable network. Here in Sahiwal also have Digital Photostudio and Digital mixing lab like Bandhan Movies. The main companies providing dial-up internet facilities are BrainNet and CyberNet. World Call Wireless has also started its operation in Sahiwal. World Call provides wireless telephones at low call rates and a wireless internet facility which is much faster than the dial-up service providers in the city. Recently, Wateen Telecom has also opened its office in Sahiwal. Wateen offers landline telephone, cellular phone, HAQ television, high-speed internet and WiMax.Sahiwal is on the Information superhighway after getting a high speed DSL Internet Facility enabled by Multi Net. Multi Net offer 256kb/s, 512kb/s, 1Mb/s & 2Mb/s shared speed & there is also Wateen Telecom who have started their service with high speed DSL via WIFI. A lot more development is being done in the field of IT and telecoms. Sahiwal is connected with backbone fiber that connects all the major cities of Pakistan. All Govt. Schools in Sahiwal have the latest PIV Based Computer Lab from the Government of Punjab IT and Computer Labs Project. Roughly one million rupees is spent on each lab; these furnished labs contain 16 of the latest PIV (Core 2 Duo) computers, air conditioner, printer and Internet facility. Each lab has dedicated IT staff including an IT Teacher, working on 17 Scale and Lab In charge. The government hopes that this project will improve the IT education standard in Sahiwal. Asia's tallest television broadcaster is located in the city.Hospitals
The District Hospital commonly known as the Civil Hospital is the largest hospital of Sahiwal. It has a nursing school and also offers different laboratory courses. Many doctors of the city have served their House Jobs here. However adequate medical facilities, especially emergency specialist equipment, are often not available and patients are referred to Lahore (the capital city of the Punjab), which is inconvenient and risky.Now a medical school is openned and a new hospital is being built which would provide state of art treatments to sahiwalians. Other notable hospitals include the Christian Hospital, Bhagwan jee Children Hospital, the Mir Wilayat Hussain Zaidi Maternity Hospital and the Sadiq Medical care Hospital at Faride town. Shaukat Khanam Lab, Agha Khan Lab, Bhagwan Lab, Shafqat Lab and numerous other private laboratories are functioning in the city. Private clinics of doctors are numerous.Wapda fortified dispensary is a best facility for wapda servants.There is a free dispensory in Bilal Colony.Education
Sahiwal has several educational institutes of quality. But the literacy rate is still low: about 30% overall and 51% in the city of Sahiwal. The Divisional Public School (DPS) and St. Mary's Convent High School are a schools of the city. Other notable schools are Government High School, Govt. High School Urban Area, Comprehensive High School, Government Pilot Higher Secondary School and Junior Model High School. Government Immamia College, Government Postgraduate College (GPGC) and Government College for Men and Women.and it has also a biggest institute of technology(govt.college of technology)GCT (http://gctsahiwal.com/index.htm). Medical & Dental College and COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT) are also working. Virtual University has opened a campus in Sahiwal, and offers distance learning programmes. It is situated near the Government College Sahiwal. Baha-u-Deen Zikria University (BZU) sub-campus Sahiwal and COMSATS Institut Of Information Technology Sahiwal Campus has been successfully providing several under-graduate and graduate programmes since 2005.The private sector has a major role in the education system. Schools in this regard are: The Educators 4(Campuses), Acute Business College ACCA and CAT, The Allied School, The Knowledge School, The Beaconhouse School System, Bloom Field Hall, The City School Pre-Forces Cadet School. Dare-Aqram Model School SCOPE School System Bhagwan Public School Muhammadan Law College Sahiwal Multan Law College Sahiwal The Limit College The Command College Quaid e Azam Polytechnic Institute Quaid e Azam Technology CollegeThe private sector is playing a major role in education system. schools in this regard are:
- Divisional Public School and College Official Website
- Allied School,(PUNJAB COLLEGE)
- The Educators
- The Golden Gate School System,
- The Knowledge School,
- The Beaconhouse School System,
- Bloom Field Hall,
- The City School
- Pre-Forces Cadet School.
- Dare-Aqram Model School
- Bhagwan Public School
- Government College For Women Sahiwal,
- Government Post-Graduate College Sahiwal Official Website
- BZU Sub Campus Sahiwal,
- Punjab College,
- Comsets University,
- Government Commerce College Old campus GCT Road,
- Government Commerce College New Campus,
- Imamiyah College,
- Government Vocational Training Institute Yadgar Chowk,
- Government Technical Training Institute Sahiwal,
- Government College Of Technology
- National poly Technique Institute Sahiwal,
- Qaid-e-Azam College Of Technology Old,
- Qaid-e-Azam College Of Technology New Shadab town,
- Sahiwal poly Technique Institute,Sahiwal,
- Muhammadan Law College Sahiwal
- Multan Law College Sahiwal
- The Limit College
- The Command College
- Govt.Jamia Rashidia Middle School,
- Suffa Educational Complex Sahiwal
- Government Comprehensive School Sahiwal,
- Government High School Sahiwal,
- Cast College for boys & girls campus,(Separately)
- S S Memorial High School Farid Town
Demography
The Sahiwal Division was historically home to various clans of Kharal RajputKharal
-History:Kharal are Panwar Rajputs. Panwar is Sub division of Paramara Rajputs.The Paramara belongs to the Agnivansha of Rajputs....
s (Sahis, Bashera, Purbera), Tullah
Tulla Jats
The Tulla are a gotra of Muslim Jats found mainly in Sargodha Districtin Punjab Pakistan.-History and origin:According to their traditions, they are, in fact, a sept of the Gondal Jat tribe. They say, their ancestor being childless vowed that if he had a son he would give his weight in gold and...
, Maher
Mahaar
The Mahaar are a Jutt tribe found in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The Mahaar are entirely distinct from the Mahar, another tribe of Jutt origin found in Sindh and Punjab.-History and origin:...
, Dogar
Dogar
Dogar is a Muslim, Punjabi tribe in the Punjab region of Pakistan. It is also used as a family name in Turkey and Northern Iraq among some Kurds and Turks.-Ethnography:...
, Syal
Sial (tribe)
The Sial tribe are a Punjabi,Sindhi,Baluchi and Pakhtun people found among Muslims, Sikhs and Hindus in Pakistan and India .Sials are found among Jatts, Rajputs/Khatris...
, Sanpal, Sipra
Sipra
Sipra is a Rajput tribe in the Punjab region of Pakistan and India. Sipra are one of the most educated and well established families among other Jat casts.- History :...
, Khichi
Khichi
Khichi is a Chauhan Rajput clan.-History and origin:Khichi is the name of a branch of the Chauhan clan of Agnivanshi rajputs. The Rajput Chauhan kingdom became the leading Rajput state and a powerful kingdom in Northern India under King Prithviraj III , also known as Prithviraj Chauhan or Rai...
, Wasli
Wasli (clan)
Wasli or sometimes pronounced Vasli, are a Jat tribe found in the province of Punjab in Pakistan. They are found mainly in the districts of Khanewal,...
, Kamboh, Kathia
Kathia
The Kathia are a rajput Muslim tribe, found in Punjab, Pakistan. According to the Census of India 1931, their male population numbered 1,600.-Locality:...
, Arain
Arain
The Arain , are a Muslim agricultural caste settled mainly in the Punjab, with significant numbers also in Sindh. They are chiefly associated with farming, traditionally being landlords or zamindars.- Origin :...
, Langriyal
Langrial (tribe)
-History and origin:The Langrial are found throughout Punjab, the tribe has different traditions to its origin, depending on the region it inhabits.The Multan Langrial, claim descent from a Brahmin of Bikaner...
, Bhatti, Bhutta, Jats, Murdana a Subtribe of Rind
Rind
Rind may refer to:*Peel *Pork rind*Rind , a giantess in Norse mythology*Rind, Armenia, also Rrind*Rind et al. controversy, about a study on child sexual abuse*Rind , a tribe in Baluchistan...
Balochs, Khagga
Khagga
The Khagga are tribe of Arab origin and are said to belong to the Shaikh community. They are mostly found in south-west Punjab, Pakistan and speak Seraiki.- History & origin :...
(Qureshi), Pathans and Gillani Syeds of Shekhu Shareef.
Language
PunjabiPunjabi language
Punjabi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by inhabitants of the historical Punjab region . For Sikhs, the Punjabi language stands as the official language in which all ceremonies take place. In Pakistan, Punjabi is the most widely spoken language...
is the spoken language of people of district.
Urdu is also spoken language of citizans
2008 elections
On 18 February 2008 General Elections were held Pakistan. In Sahiwal Districts - 11 seats were contested - four for the National Assembly and seven for the Provincial Assembly.The results were as follows:
- NA-160:Imran Shah
- NA-161: Ghulam Farid Kathia
- NA-162: Ch.Zahid Iqbal
- NA-163: Malik Nauman Langrial
- PP-221:Malik Nadeem Kamran
- PP-222:Malik Jalil Din
- PP-223; Hafiz akhtar ch
- PP-224:saead akhtar cheema
- PP-225: ch Arshad jutt
- PP-226: Malik Iqbal Ahmad Langriyal
Candidate participated in Election
Haji Ehsan khan, Anwaru-l-haq Ramay, Nouraiz Shakoor,, Arshad khan Lodhi, Rao Jehanzeb wajid Khan, Rana Aftab, Ch. Zaki syed shabbar mustafa shirazi & walayat shah khaggaSahiwal District Jail
The Sahiwal jail was constructed in 1873 in Montgomery in the Punjab Province of then British India which is now called Sahiwal and which is part of the Punjab province in Pakistan.It was depicted in one of the famous Pakistan Television Corporation (PTV Drama) JangloosJangloos
-Plot summary:The novel tells the story of two prisoners, Lali and Raheem Dad who escaped from the jail. The story is created in the backdrop of central Punjab .-Adaptations:...
.
The jail’s authorized accommodation is 1565, however, at present around 4500 prisoners (number varies almost on a daily basis) of three districts i.e. Sahiwal, Okara and Pakpattan are confined in this prison.
A rough break-down of the prison population to give an idea to the reader is given below:
Undertrial Prisoners 2768
CT Prisoners 849
CP Prisoners 538
Juvenile Prisoners 57
Female Prisoners 37
Total population 4249
Historically, this prison was famous by the name of Montgomery Jail.
Before and after independence, a numbers of politicians, poet, and social activists had remained confined in this prison, including Abu-ul-Kalam, Jawahar Lal Nehru, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, Sardar Abdul Qayyum Khan, Agha Shorash Kashmeeri, Faiz Ahmad Faiz, Habib Jalab, and Maulana Zafar Ali Khan.
Maulana Zafar Ali Khan remained confined in Montgomery Prison for 5 years. His famous poems Book namely “Jasyat” is in the memory of Montgomery Prison’s memory.
While in prison, Faiz Ahmad Faiz wrote “Zindan Nama”.
To fulfill the requirements of the inmates and made them useful citizen after their release, a Literacy Center has been established. About 1000 inmates are using this Center. Jail warders and convicts having minimum qualification Fellow of Arts (12th grade) have been deputed teachers in these Literacy Centers.
A computer center has been established for the juvenile prisoners.
The jail also has a farm where vegetables and fodder is grown.
The prison also has a factory where carpets, duree, woolen blankets and jute tatts are made.
A new high security jail is under construction next to the central jail.