Timeline of Chilean history
Encyclopedia
This is a timeline of Chile
an history. To read about the background to these events, see History of Chile
. See also the list of governors
and presidents of Chile.
This timeline is incomplete; some important events may be missing. Please help add to it.
Chile
Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...
an history. To read about the background to these events, see History of Chile
History of Chile
The territory of Chile has been populated since at least 2,000 BC. By the 16th century, Spanish conquistadors began to subdue and colonize the region of present-day Chile, and the territory became a colony from 1540 to 1818, when it gained independence from Spain...
. See also the list of governors
Royal Governor of Chile
The Royal Governor of Chile ruled over the Spanish colonial administrative district known as the Kingdom of Chile. This district was also called the Captaincy General of Chile, and as a result the Royal Governor also held the title of a Captain General...
and presidents of Chile.
This timeline is incomplete; some important events may be missing. Please help add to it.
15th century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| The Inca Emperor Túpac Yupanqui Tupac Inca Yupanqui Topa Inca Yupanqui , translated as "noble Inca accountant," was the tenth Sapa Inca of the Inca Empire, and fifth of the Hanan dynasty. His father was Pachacuti, and his son was Huayna Capac. Topa Inca belonged to the Qhapaq panaca.... reached Itata River Itata River The Itata River flows in the Bío-Bío Region, southern Chile.Until the Conquest of Chile the Itata was the natural limit between the Mapuche, located to the south, and Picunche, to the north.-References:* . - External links :*... |
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| 1492 | Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus was an explorer, colonizer, and navigator, born in the Republic of Genoa, in northwestern Italy. Under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, he completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean that led to general European awareness of the American continents in the... discovers America, and claims it to the Kingdom of Castile Kingdom of Castile Kingdom of Castile was one of the medieval kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula. It emerged as a political autonomous entity in the 9th century. It was called County of Castile and was held in vassalage from the Kingdom of León. Its name comes from the host of castles constructed in the region... . |
16th century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1510 | Vasco Ñúñez de Balboa Vasco Núñez de Balboa Vasco Núñez de Balboa was a Spanish explorer, governor, and conquistador. He is best known for having crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in 1513, becoming the first European to lead an expedition to have seen or reached the Pacific from the New World.He traveled to the New World in... founds Santa María la Antigua del Darién Santa María la Antigua del Darién Santa María la Antigua del Darién was a Spanish colonial town founded in 1510 by Vasco Núñez de Balboa, located in present-day Colombia approximately 40 miles south of Acandí... in Panamá Panama Panama , officially the Republic of Panama , is the southernmost country of Central America. Situated on the isthmus connecting North and South America, it is bordered by Costa Rica to the northwest, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south. The... , the first Spanish settlement in South America. |
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| 1513 | Ñuñez de Balboa discovers the Southern Sea (Pacific Ocean). | |
| 1520 | Ferdinand Magellan Ferdinand Magellan Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese explorer. He was born in Sabrosa, in northern Portugal, and served King Charles I of Spain in search of a westward route to the "Spice Islands" .... is passing Patagonia Patagonia is a region located in Argentina and Chile, integrating the southernmost section of the Andes mountains to the southwest towards the Pacific ocean and from the east of the cordillera to the valleys it follows south through Colorado River towards Carmen de Patagones in the Atlantic Ocean... . |
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| 1532 | Francisco Pizarro Francisco Pizarro Francisco Pizarro González, Marquess was a Spanish conquistador, conqueror of the Incan Empire, and founder of Lima, the modern-day capital of the Republic of Peru.-Early life:... arrives to Peru Peru Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean.... from Panamá. He begins the Conquest of the Inca Empire Inca Empire The Inca Empire, or Inka Empire , was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. The administrative, political and military center of the empire was located in Cusco in modern-day Peru. The Inca civilization arose from the highlands of Peru sometime in the early 13th century... and captures and kills Emperor Atahualpa Atahualpa Atahualpa, Atahuallpa, Atabalipa, or Atawallpa , was the last Sapa Inca or sovereign emperor of the Tahuantinsuyu, or the Inca Empire, prior to the Spanish conquest of Peru... during the Battle of Cajamarca Battle of Cajamarca The Battle of Cajamarca was a surprise attack on the Inca royal entourage orchestrated by Francisco Pizarro. Sprung on the evening of November 16, 1532, in the great plaza of Cajamarca, the ambush achieved the goal of capturing the Inca, Atahualpa, and claimed the lives of thousands of his... . |
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| 1536 | Diego de Almagro Diego de Almagro Diego de Almagro, , also known as El Adelantado and El Viejo , was a Spanish conquistador and a companion and later rival of Francisco Pizarro. He participated in the Spanish conquest of Peru and is credited as the first European discoverer of Chile.Almagro lost his left eye battling with coastal... arrives to Chile from Peru Peru Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean.... , passing over the Andes Andes The Andes is the world's longest continental mountain range. It is a continual range of highlands along the western coast of South America. This range is about long, about to wide , and of an average height of about .Along its length, the Andes is split into several ranges, which are separated... to the valley of Copiapó Copiapó Copiapó is a city in northern Chile, located about 40 miles east of the coastal town of Caldera. Founded on December 8, 1744, it is the capital of Copiapó Province and Atacama Region.... , and explores the central region of Chile as far as what will later become Santiago de Chile. An expedition sent southwards ends in the Battle of Reynogüelén with native Mapuche Mapuche The Mapuche are a group of indigenous inhabitants of south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina. They constitute a wide-ranging ethnicity composed of various groups who shared a common social, religious and economic structure, as well as a common linguistic heritage. Their influence extended... s, which is considered to be the first battle of the Arauco War Arauco War The Arauco War was a conflict between colonial Spaniards and the Mapuche people in what is now the Araucanía and Biobío regions of modern Chile... . |
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| 1541 | Pedro de Valdivia Pedro de Valdivia Pedro Gutiérrez de Valdivia or Valdiva was a Spanish conquistador and the first royal governor of Chile. After serving with the Spanish army in Italy and Flanders, he was sent to South America in 1534, where he served as lieutenant under Francisco Pizarro in Peru, acting as his second in command... founds Santiago de Chile. In the following years, he (and others sent by him) founded La Serena and Concepción Concepción, Chile Concepción is a city in Chile, capital of Concepción Province and of the Biobío Region or Region VIII. Greater Concepción is the second-largest conurbation in the country, with 889,725 inhabitants... . |
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| 1546 | Uprising of Michimalonco Michimalonco Michima Lonco was an indigenous chief said to be a great warrior, born in the Aconcagua Valley and educated in Cusco by the Inca Empire. He presented himself to the Spaniards, naked and covered by a black pigmentation... , Mapuche Mapuche The Mapuche are a group of indigenous inhabitants of south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina. They constitute a wide-ranging ethnicity composed of various groups who shared a common social, religious and economic structure, as well as a common linguistic heritage. Their influence extended... chief: Santiago destroyed. Mapuche military leader Lautaro Lautaro Lautaro was a Mapuche military leader and protagonist of the War of Arauco in Chile. He defeated and exterminated the Spanish forces of Governor Pedro de Valdivia and was almost able to expel them from the area when he was killed in battle.-Early life:... is captured by the Spanish. |
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| 1552 | Founding of Valdivia Valdivia, Chile Valdivia is a city and commune in southern Chile administered by the Municipality of Valdivia. The city is named after its founder Pedro de Valdivia and is located at the confluence of the Calle-Calle, Valdivia and Cau-Cau Rivers, approximately east of the coastal towns of Corral and Niebla... . Lautaro, after six years of imprisonment by the Spanish, escapes and teaches his people military strategy, including riding horses. |
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| 1553 | Mapuche uprising under Lautaro. Pedro de Valdivia is killed in the Disaster of Tucapel. | |
| 1557 | Death of Lautaro, Caupolicán Caupolican Caupolicán was a Toqui, the military leader of the Mapuche people of Chile, that commanded their army during the first Mapuche rising against the Spanish conquistadors from 1553 to 1558.... assumes as toqui Toqui Toqui is a title conferred by the Mapuche to those who are chosen as their leaders during times of war. The toqui is chosen in an assembly or parliament of the chieftains of the various clans or confederation of clans , allied during the war in question... (wartime chief). |
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| 1558 | Caupolicán is captured and executed by impalement Impalement Impalement is the traumatic penetration of an organism by an elongated foreign object such as a stake, pole, or spear, and this usually implies complete perforation of the central mass of the impaled body... . |
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| 1564 | Concepción Concepción, Chile Concepción is a city in Chile, capital of Concepción Province and of the Biobío Region or Region VIII. Greater Concepción is the second-largest conurbation in the country, with 889,725 inhabitants... is unsuccessfully sieged by native Mapuche Mapuche The Mapuche are a group of indigenous inhabitants of south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina. They constitute a wide-ranging ethnicity composed of various groups who shared a common social, religious and economic structure, as well as a common linguistic heritage. Their influence extended... s. |
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| 1565 | A Real Audiencia is established in Concepción Concepción, Chile Concepción is a city in Chile, capital of Concepción Province and of the Biobío Region or Region VIII. Greater Concepción is the second-largest conurbation in the country, with 889,725 inhabitants... . The Audiencia is abolished in 1575. |
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| 1567 | Chiloé Archipelago Chiloé Archipelago Chiloé Archipelago consists of several islands lying off the coast of Chile. It is separated from mainland Chile by Chacao Channel in the north, the Sea of Chiloé in the east and Gulf of Corcovado to the southeast. All of the archipelago except Desertores Islands, which are part of Palena... is claimed by Spain. Castro Castro, Chile Castro is a city and commune in the Chilean island of Chiloé Island. Castro is the capital of the Chiloé Province in the Los Lagos Region. It is Chile's third oldest city in continued existence... is founded on the main island and becomes the southernmost European settlement by the time of founding. |
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| 1574 | Spanish captain Juan Fernández discovers the Juan Fernández Islands Juan Fernández Islands The Juan Fernández Islands are a sparsely inhabited island group reliant on tourism and fishing in the South Pacific Ocean, situated about off the coast of Chile, and is composed of three main volcanic islands; Robinson Crusoe Island, Alejandro Selkirk Island and Santa Clara Island, the first... . |
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| 1575 | The 1575 Valdivia earthquake 1575 Valdivia earthquake The 1575 Valdivia earthquake was an earthquake in Chile that caused the subsequent flood of Valdivia much like the 1960 Valdivia earthquake caused the ensuing Riñihuazo flooding. It occurred at 14:30 local time on December 16, 1575. It had an estimated magnitude of 8.5 on the surface wave... occurs. As in the 1960 Valdivia earthquake the Riñihue Lake dams Riñihuazo The Riñihuazo is the name given to the damming of Riñihue Lake on 22 May 1960, after a landslide caused by the Great Chilean Earthquake blocked its outflow. According to the chronicler Mariño de Lobera a similar event occurred after the 1575 Valdivia earthquake.During the Great Chilean Earthquake,... . |
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| 1578 | Francis Drake Francis Drake Sir Francis Drake, Vice Admiral was an English sea captain, privateer, navigator, slaver, and politician of the Elizabethan era. Elizabeth I of England awarded Drake a knighthood in 1581. He was second-in-command of the English fleet against the Spanish Armada in 1588. He also carried out the... attacks the coasts of Chile, La Serena and other cities are plundered. |
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| 1583 | Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa was a Spanish explorer, author, historian, astronomer, and scientist. His birthplace is not certain and may have been Pontevedra, in Galicia, where his paternal family originated or Alcalá de Henares in Castile, where he later is known to have studied... founds the settlement Rey Don Felipe in the Strait of Magellan Strait of Magellan The Strait of Magellan comprises a navigable sea route immediately south of mainland South America and north of Tierra del Fuego... . In 1587 the settlement is in ruins. |
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| 1598 | "Disaster of Curalaba Disaster of Curalaba The Disaster of Curalaba is the name given to a battle between Spanish conquerors led by Martín García Óñez de Loyola and Mapuche people led by Pelantaru on a place called Curalaba , in southern Chile... ". Governor Martín García Óñez de Loyola Martín García Óñez de Loyola Don Martín García Óñez de Loyola was a Spanish Basque soldier and Royal Governor of Chile.-Early life:... killed in a Mapuche ambush. |
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| 1599 | The Real Situado Real Situado The Real Situado was an annual payment of silver from the Viceroyalty of Peru to finance the Spanish army of Chile that as result of the Arauco War. Most of the silver came from Potosí in present day Bolivia.... , an annual payment from Potosí Potosí Potosí is a city and the capital of the department of Potosí in Bolivia. It is one of the highest cities in the world by elevation at a nominal . and it was the location of the Spanish colonial mint, now the National Mint of Bolivia... to Chile Chile Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far... , is established. |
17th century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1602 | General uprising of the Mapuches under Pelantaro Pelantaro Pelantaro or Pelantarú was one of the vice toquis of Paillamachu, the toqui or military leader of the Mapuche people during the Mapuche uprising in 1598... . All cities south of the Bío-Bío River Bío-Bío River The Biobío River is the second largest river in Chile. It originates from Icalma and Galletué lakes in the Andes and flows 380 km to the Gulf of Arauco on the Pacific Ocean.... are demolished, in what is now called Destruction of the Seven Cities. |
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| 1604 | A fort established in 1602 at the ruins of Valdivia Valdivia, Chile Valdivia is a city and commune in southern Chile administered by the Municipality of Valdivia. The city is named after its founder Pedro de Valdivia and is located at the confluence of the Calle-Calle, Valdivia and Cau-Cau Rivers, approximately east of the coastal towns of Corral and Niebla... is abandoned. |
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| 1608 | Jesuits arrive to Chiloé. | |
| 1612 | Beginning of the Defensive War phase (promoted by Luis de Valdivia) in the Arauco War. | |
| 1639 | The alcabala Alcabala The alcabala or alcavala was a sales tax of up to fourteen percent, the most important royal tax imposed by Spain under the Antiguo Régimen.... is reestablished after it had been suspended since the Disaster of Curalaba Disaster of Curalaba The Disaster of Curalaba is the name given to a battle between Spanish conquerors led by Martín García Óñez de Loyola and Mapuche people led by Pelantaru on a place called Curalaba , in southern Chile... in 1598. |
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| 1643 | Dutch Dutch Empire The Dutch Empire consisted of the overseas territories controlled by the Dutch Republic and later, the modern Netherlands from the 17th to the 20th century. The Dutch followed Portugal and Spain in establishing an overseas colonial empire, but based on military conquest of already-existing... occupation of Valdivia Valdivia, Chile Valdivia is a city and commune in southern Chile administered by the Municipality of Valdivia. The city is named after its founder Pedro de Valdivia and is located at the confluence of the Calle-Calle, Valdivia and Cau-Cau Rivers, approximately east of the coastal towns of Corral and Niebla... . |
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| 1645 | Repopulation of Valdivia and construction of the Valdivian Fort System Valdivian Fort System The Fort System of Valdivia are a series of Spanish colonial fortifications at Corral Bay, Valdivia and Cruces River established to protect the city of Valdivia, in southern Chile. During the period of Spanish rule , it was one of the biggest systems of fortification in the Americas. It was also a... , Valdivia becomes part of Viceroyalty of Peru. |
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| 1647 | Santiago Santiago, Chile Santiago , also known as Santiago de Chile, is the capital and largest city of Chile, and the center of its largest conurbation . It is located in the country's central valley, at an elevation of above mean sea level... is struck by an earthquake. |
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| 1655 | A general insurrection moves for some years the frontier between the Spaniards and the mapuche Mapuche The Mapuche are a group of indigenous inhabitants of south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina. They constitute a wide-ranging ethnicity composed of various groups who shared a common social, religious and economic structure, as well as a common linguistic heritage. Their influence extended... s from the Bío-Bío River Bío-Bío River The Biobío River is the second largest river in Chile. It originates from Icalma and Galletué lakes in the Andes and flows 380 km to the Gulf of Arauco on the Pacific Ocean.... north to the Maule River Maule river The Maule river is one of the most important rivers of Chile and is inextricably linked to this country's pre-Hispanic times, the country's conquest, colonial period, wars of Independence, modern history, agriculture , culture , religion, economy and politics... . |
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| 1664 | The Viceroalty of Peru estimates 30,000 to 42,000 Spaniards to have died in Chile of which half would have died by the direct consequences of the Arauco War. | |
| 1667 | Governor Francisco de Meneses is destitute after accusations of immorality against him. | |
| 1672 | The jesuits established in Chiloé Island Chiloé Island Chiloé Island , also known as Greater Island of Chiloé , is the largest island of the Chiloé Archipelago off the coast of Chile, in the Pacific Ocean... founds a mission in the Nahuel Huapi Lake Nahuel Huapi Lake Nahuel Huapi Lake is a lake in the lake region of northern Patagonia between the provinces of Río Negro and Neuquén, in Argentina. The lake depression consists of several glacial valleys carved out along faults and Miocene valleys that were later dammed by moraines.Nahuel Huapi lake, located... that lasts until 1717. |
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| 1680 | Bartholomew Sharp Bartholomew Sharp Bartholomew Sharp an English buccaneer whose pirate career lasted only three years . His flagship was the Trinity.... destroys and pillages La Serena. |
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| 1681 | By royal decree, the Atacama desert is declared to be the border between the Captain-Generalship of Chile and the Viceroyalty of Peru. | |
| 1687 | Chilean wheat Wheat Wheat is a cereal grain, originally from the Levant region of the Near East, but now cultivated worldwide. In 2007 world production of wheat was 607 million tons, making it the third most-produced cereal after maize and rice... exports to Peru Peru Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean.... increase since Peru is affected by a major earthquake 1687 Peru earthquake The 1687 Peru earthquake occurred at 11:30 UTC on October 20. It had an estimated magnitude of 8.4–8.7 and caused severe damage to Lima, Callao and Ica. It triggered a tsunami and overall about 5,000 people died.-Tectonic setting:... and plague. |
18th century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1709 | Alexander Selkirk Alexander Selkirk Alexander Selkirk was a Scottish sailor who spent four years as a castaway when he was marooned on an uninhabited island. It is probable that his travels provided the inspiration for Daniel Defoe's novel Robinson Crusoe.... , the inspiration for Defoe's Daniel Defoe Daniel Defoe , born Daniel Foe, was an English trader, writer, journalist, and pamphleteer, who gained fame for his novel Robinson Crusoe. Defoe is notable for being one of the earliest proponents of the novel, as he helped to popularise the form in Britain and along with others such as Richardson,... Robinson Crusoe Robinson Crusoe Robinson Crusoe is a novel by Daniel Defoe that was first published in 1719. Epistolary, confessional, and didactic in form, the book is a fictional autobiography of the title character—a castaway who spends 28 years on a remote tropical island near Trinidad, encountering cannibals, captives, and... , is rescued from the Robinson Crusoe Island Robinson Crusoe Island Robinson Crusoe Island , formerly known as Más a Tierra , or Aguas Buenas, is the largest island of the Chilean Juan Fernández archipelago, situated 674 kilometres west of South America in the South Pacific Ocean... in the Juan Fernández Archipelago. |
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| 1712 | A Huilliche Huilliche The Huilliche is an ethnic group of Chile, belonging to the Mapuche culture. They live in mountain valleys in an area south of Toltén River and on Chiloé Archipelago... rebellion occurs in Chiloé Archipelago Chiloé Archipelago Chiloé Archipelago consists of several islands lying off the coast of Chile. It is separated from mainland Chile by Chacao Channel in the north, the Sea of Chiloé in the east and Gulf of Corcovado to the southeast. All of the archipelago except Desertores Islands, which are part of Palena... . |
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| 1722 | April 5, 1722 | On 5 April that year Rapa Nui (Easter Island) is discovered by Dutch Netherlands The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders... navigator Jacob Roggeveen. |
| 1723 | After 30 years of peace the War of Arauco continues with a mapuche Mapuche The Mapuche are a group of indigenous inhabitants of south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina. They constitute a wide-ranging ethnicity composed of various groups who shared a common social, religious and economic structure, as well as a common linguistic heritage. Their influence extended... uprising. |
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| 1740 | Valdivia Valdivia, Chile Valdivia is a city and commune in southern Chile administered by the Municipality of Valdivia. The city is named after its founder Pedro de Valdivia and is located at the confluence of the Calle-Calle, Valdivia and Cau-Cau Rivers, approximately east of the coastal towns of Corral and Niebla... is reincorpored to the Captaincy General of Chile. |
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| 1749 | A fort and prison is established in Robinson Crusoe Island Robinson Crusoe Island Robinson Crusoe Island , formerly known as Más a Tierra , or Aguas Buenas, is the largest island of the Chilean Juan Fernández archipelago, situated 674 kilometres west of South America in the South Pacific Ocean... of Juan Fernández Archipelago. |
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| 1751 | 1751 Concepción earthquake affects all of Chile between Concepción Concepción, Chile Concepción is a city in Chile, capital of Concepción Province and of the Biobío Region or Region VIII. Greater Concepción is the second-largest conurbation in the country, with 889,725 inhabitants... and Talca Talca Talca is a city and commune in Chile located about south of Santiago, and is the capital of both Talca Province and Maule Region . As of the 2002 census, the city had a population of 193,755.... . |
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| 1767 | The Spanish empire Spanish Empire The Spanish Empire comprised territories and colonies administered directly by Spain in Europe, in America, Africa, Asia and Oceania. It originated during the Age of Exploration and was therefore one of the first global empires. At the time of Habsburgs, Spain reached the peak of its world power.... exiles all Jesuits Society of Jesus The Society of Jesus is a Catholic male religious order that follows the teachings of the Catholic Church. The members are called Jesuits, and are also known colloquially as "God's Army" and as "The Company," these being references to founder Ignatius of Loyola's military background and a... . Ancud is founded. Chiloé becomes part of the Viceroyalty of Peru. |
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| 1771 | The Fransiscan order assumes the religious functions of the Jesuits in Chiloé. | |
| 1776 | The territories of Cuyo Cuyo (Argentina) Cuyo is the name given to the wine-producing, mountainous area of central-west Argentina. Historically it comprised the provinces of San Juan, San Luis and Mendoza. The term New Cuyo is a modern one, which indicates both Cuyo proper and the province of La Rioja... , previously governed as part of Chile, become part of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata The Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, , was the last and most short-lived Viceroyalty of the Spanish Empire in America.The Viceroyalty was established in 1776 out of several former Viceroyalty of Perú dependencies that mainly extended over the Río de la Plata basin, roughly the present day... . (See History of Argentina History of Argentina The history of Argentina is divided by historians into four main parts: the pre-Columbian time, or early history , the colonial period , the independence wars and the early post-colonial period of the nation and the history of modern Argentina .The beginning of prehistory in the present territory of... .) |
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| 1778 | Direct commerce between Chile and Spain is allowed. | |
| 1789 | Start of the French Revolution French Revolution The French Revolution , sometimes distinguished as the 'Great French Revolution' , was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France and Europe. The absolute monarchy that had ruled France for centuries collapsed in three years... , which affected Europe and the Americas with its ideals. |
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| 1792 | A Huilliche Huilliche The Huilliche is an ethnic group of Chile, belonging to the Mapuche culture. They live in mountain valleys in an area south of Toltén River and on Chiloé Archipelago... rebellion occurs in the surroundings of Río Bueno Río Bueno, Chile Río Bueno is a city and commune in southern Chile administered by the Municipality of Río Bueno. It is located in Ranco Province in Los Ríos Region... . |
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| 1793 | The parliaments of Negrete Negrete Negrete is a Chilean town and commune in Biobío Province, Biobío Region. It is bordered by the commune of Los Ángeles to the north, Renaico to the south, Mulchén to the east and Nacimiento to the west.... and Las Canoas between Spanish and native Mapuche and Huilliche are celebrated. The native chiefs accepts the Spanish king as their de jure De jure De jure is an expression that means "concerning law", as contrasted with de facto, which means "concerning fact".De jure = 'Legally', De facto = 'In fact'.... king, but their own independence is also confirmed. |
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| 1796 | Osorno Osorno, Chile Osorno is a city and commune in southern Chile and capital of Osorno Province in the Los Lagos Region. It had a population of 145,475, as of the 2002 census... is officially repopulated after that works begun in 1792. The city had previously been destroyed by the indigenous mapuche in 1602. |
19th century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1808 | Francisco Antonio García Carrasco Francisco Antonio García Carrasco Francisco Antonio García Carrasco Díaz was a Spanish soldier and Royal Governor of Chile. His political relations with Juan Martinez de Rozas and a smuggling scandal involving the frigate Scorpion destroyed what little authority he had, and required that he surrender his post to Mateo de Toro... , unpopular Governor of Chile. Spanish king Ferdinand VII is imprisoned by Napoleon Napoleon I of France Napoleon Bonaparte was a French military and political leader during the latter stages of the French Revolution.As Napoleon I, he was Emperor of the French from 1804 to 1815... during his invasion of Spain. |
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| 1810 | Imitating the juntista movement of the rest of Latin America, the criollos Criollo people The Criollo class ranked below that of the Iberian Peninsulares, the high-born permanent residence colonists born in Spain. But Criollos were higher status/rank than all other castes—people of mixed descent, Amerindians, and enslaved Africans... (people of Spanish ancestry, but not born in Spain) of Santiago de Chile proclaim a governing Junta. |
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| 1811 | Tired of being circumvented by political intrigues, José Miguel Carrera José Miguel Carrera José Miguel Carrera Verdugo was a Chilean general, member of the prominent Carrera family, and considered one of the founders of independent Chile. Carrera was the most important leader of the Chilean War of Independence during the period of the Patria Vieja... takes power by military means and initiates a dictatorship Dictatorship A dictatorship is defined as an autocratic form of government in which the government is ruled by an individual, the dictator. It has three possible meanings:... . |
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| 1812 | Hostilities begin between the moderados, led by Bernardo O'Higgins Bernardo O'Higgins Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme was a Chilean independence leader who, together with José de San Martín, freed Chile from Spanish rule in the Chilean War of Independence. Although he was the second Supreme Director of Chile , he is considered one of Chile's founding fathers, as he was the first holder... , and the exaltados, led by Carrera. Carrera institutes the first Chilean national symbols (flag, coat of arms, and national anthem), and Fray Camilo Henríquez Camilo Henríquez Friar José Camilo Henríquez González was a priest, author, politician, and is considered an intellectual antecedent to and founding father of the Republic of Chile for his passionate leadership and influential writings... begins to publish the Aurora de Chile, the first Chilean newspaper. The Chilean Constitution of 1812 comes into effect. Founding of the Logia Lautaro Logia Lautaro The Lautaro Lodge was a revolutionary secret lodge active in Latin American politics in the 19th Century. It was initially known as the Lodge of Rational Knights .Its initial purposes were to apply the goals of the Spanish Enlightenment, and when Spain began the Absolutist Restauration they... . |
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| 1813 | The Spanish send military expeditions (under Antonio Pareja and Gabino Gaínza Gabino Gaínza Gabino or Gavino Gaínza y Fernández de Medrano was a Spanish military officer and politician in Spain's American colonies. During the Latin American wars of independence, he initially fought on the royalist side, in Chile... ) from the Viceroyalty of Peru. In the ensuing battles O'Higgins rises to be seen as a figure of great stature, overshadowing the continually less popular Carrera, who ultimately resigns. Francisco de la Lastra Francisco de la Lastra General Francisco de la Lastra y de la Sotta was a Chilean military officer and the first Supreme Director of Chile .-Biography:... becomes Supreme Director. |
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| 1814 | The "Disaster of Rancagua Disaster of Rancagua The Battle of Rancagua, also known as the Disaster of Rancagua occurred in October 1814 when the Spanish under Mariano Osorio defeated rebel Chilean forces.... ". Mariano Osorio Mariano Osorio Mariano de Osorio was a Spanish general and Governor of Chile, from 1814 to 1815.-Early career:Osorio was born in Seville, Spain. He joined the Spanish army and as many of his contemporaries, his military career began during the Spanish Peninsular War in 1808 as an artillery general, as well as... , in command of a third Spanish expedition, defeats O'Higgins (October 1 – 2). Osorio reconquers Santiago for Spain. Exodus of Chilean patriots to Mendoza, Argentina Mendoza, Argentina Mendoza is the capital city of Mendoza Province, in Argentina. It is located in the northern-central part of the province, in a region of foothills and high plains, on the eastern side of the Andes. As of the , Mendoza's population was 110,993... , where they receive the support of José de San Martín José de San Martín José Francisco de San Martín, known simply as Don José de San Martín , was an Argentine general and the prime leader of the southern part of South America's successful struggle for independence from Spain.Born in Yapeyú, Corrientes , he left his mother country at the... . Those patriots who remain in Chile are captured by the Spaniards are deported to the Juan Fernández Islands Juan Fernández Islands The Juan Fernández Islands are a sparsely inhabited island group reliant on tourism and fishing in the South Pacific Ocean, situated about off the coast of Chile, and is composed of three main volcanic islands; Robinson Crusoe Island, Alejandro Selkirk Island and Santa Clara Island, the first... . Osorio is confirmed Governor of Chile by the Viceroy Fernando de Abascal of Peru. The talavera Talavera Talavera may refer to the following:Places* Talavera de la Reina, a city in Toledo province, Spain, where two battles took place:** Battle of Talavera, during the Peninsular War** Battle of Talavera de la Reina , during the Spanish Civil War... s, under the command of San Bruno, install a regime of terror extending to those merely suspected of sympathy for the Chilean cause. |
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| 1815 | Guerrilla Guerrilla warfare Guerrilla warfare is a form of irregular warfare and refers to conflicts in which a small group of combatants including, but not limited to, armed civilians use military tactics, such as ambushes, sabotage, raids, the element of surprise, and extraordinary mobility to harass a larger and... resistance against the Spanish begins, led by Manuel Rodríguez Erdoiza, and other spies such as Justo Estay. Increasing enmity between Osorio and Abascal leads Abascal to replace Osorio with Casimiro Marcó del Pont Casimiro Marcó del Pont Francisco Casimiro Marcó del Pont Ángel Díaz y Méndez was a Spanish soldier and the last Governor of Chile. He was one of the main figures of the Chilean independence process, being the final Spaniard to rule as Royal Governor of Chile from 1815 to 1817, when he was deposed and captured by the... . |
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| 1817 | Battle of Chacabuco Battle of Chacabuco The Battle of Chacabuco, fought during the Chilean War of Independence, occurred on February 12, 1817. The Army of the Andes of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata led by General Captain José de San Martín defeated the Spanish force led by Rafael Maroto... . O'Higgins defeats Rafael Maroto, reconquering Santiago. Captain San Bruno, hated chief of the talaveras, is captured and — less than 24 hours later — executed by firing squad. O'Higgins becomes dictator. |
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| 1818 | O'Higgins signs the Chilean Declaration of Independence Chilean Declaration of Independence The Chilean Declaration of Independence is a document declaring the independence of Chile from the Spanish Empire. It was drafted in January 1818 and approved by Supreme Director Bernardo O'Higgins on February 12, 1818 at Talca, despite being dated in Concepción on January 1, 1818... (February 12). Shortly afterwards, in the Battle of Maipú Battle of Maipú The Battle of Maipú was a battle fought near Santiago, Chile on April 5, 1818 between South American rebels and Spanish royalists, during the Chilean War of Independence... , a new military expedition led by Mariano Osorio is defeated, and Chile definitively obtains independence (April 5). The rivalry between O'Higgins and Manuel Rodríguez ends with the ambush and assassination of the latter in Tiltil. The brothers Juan José and Luis Carrera Luis Carrera Colonel Luis Florentino Juan Manuel Silvestre de los Dolores de la Carrera y Verdugo was a Chilean military officer who fought in the Chilean War of Independence. Together with his brothers José Miguel and Juan José, they were some of most important leaders of Chilean struggle for independence... are shot in Argentina. |
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| 1820 | Valdivia Valdivia, Chile Valdivia is a city and commune in southern Chile administered by the Municipality of Valdivia. The city is named after its founder Pedro de Valdivia and is located at the confluence of the Calle-Calle, Valdivia and Cau-Cau Rivers, approximately east of the coastal towns of Corral and Niebla... is captured Capture of Valdivia The Capture of Valdivia was a battle in the Chilean War of Independence between Spanish forces commanded by Colonel Manuel Montoya and the Chilean forces under the command of Lord Cochrane, held on 3 and 4 February of 1820.-Background:... by Lord Cochrane Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald Admiral Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald, 1st Marquess of Maranhão, GCB, ODM , styled Lord Cochrane between 1778 and 1831, was a senior British naval flag officer and radical politician.... who commands the Chilean navyFreedom Expedition of Perú was organized in 1820 by the government of Chile |
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| 1821 | José Miguel Carrera José Miguel Carrera José Miguel Carrera Verdugo was a Chilean general, member of the prominent Carrera family, and considered one of the founders of independent Chile. Carrera was the most important leader of the Chilean War of Independence during the period of the Patria Vieja... arrested as a montonero (mounted rebel/bandit) in Argentina, and executed in Mendoza. |
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| 1822 | The Chilean Constitution of 1822 comes into effect. | |
| 1823 | Ramón Freire leads a military expedition from Concepción to Santiago and forces O'Higgins to resign. He goes into exile in Peru, where he dies in 1842. Freire assumes power. | |
| 1825 | Taking advantage of the unsurveyed border, and ignoring the royal decree of 1681 and the principal uti possidetis Uti possidetis Uti possidetis is a principle in international law that territory and other property remains with its possessor at the end of a conflict, unless otherwise provided for by treaty; if such a treaty doesn't include conditions regarding the possession of property and territory taken during the war,... , Simón Bolívar grants the port of Cobija Cobija The Bolivian city of Cobija is located about 600 km north of La Paz in the Amazon Basin on the border of Brazil and Peru. Cobija lies on banks of the Rio Acre across from the Brazilian city Brasiléia. Cobija lies at an elevation of ca... to Bolivia. This gives Bolivia an outlet to the sea between Chile and Peru, which it will retain until the War of the Pacific War of the Pacific The War of the Pacific took place in western South America from 1879 through 1883. Chile fought against Bolivia and Peru. Despite cooperation among the three nations in the war against Spain, disputes soon arose over the mineral-rich Peruvian provinces of Tarapaca, Tacna, and Arica, and the... . |
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| 1826 | Freire incorporates Chiloé Chiloé Island Chiloé Island , also known as Greater Island of Chiloé , is the largest island of the Chiloé Archipelago off the coast of Chile, in the Pacific Ocean... , the last area under Spanish control, into Chile. Later he resigns, initiating an interregnum known as The Anarchy. First attempt in Chile of federal (as against centralized) government, led by the first president of Chile Manuel Blanco Encalada Manuel Blanco Encalada Manuel José Blanco y Calvo de Encalada was a Vice-Admiral in the Chilean Navy, a political figure, and Chile's first President .-Biography:... , and the federalist José Miguel Infante José Miguel Infante José Miguel Infante y Rojas was a Chilean statesman and political figure. He served several times as deputy and minister, and was the force behind the Federalist movement in that country.-Early life:... . |
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| 1828 | Francisco Antonio Pinto Francisco Antonio Pinto Francisco Antonio Pinto y Díaz de la Puente was a Chilean political figure. He was twice President of Chile between 1827 and 1829.-Early life:He was born in Santiago, the son of Joaquín Pinto and Mercedes Díaz de la Puente... assumes power after the resignation of Encalada and his predecessors. Chilean Constitution of 1828. |
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| 1829 | Chilean Civil War of 1829. After several battles, Joaquín Prieto defeats Ramón Freire in the Battle of Lircay. | |
| 1830 | Diego Portales Diego Portales Diego José Pedro Víctor Portales Palazuelos was a Chilean statesman and entrepreneur. As a minister of president José Joaquín Prieto Diego Portales played a pivotal role in shaping the state and government politics in the 19th century, delivering with the Constitution of 1833 the framework of the... begins to remodel Chilean institutionality, converting it into an authoritarian republic. |
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| 1831 | José Joaquín Prieto José Joaquín Prieto José Joaquín Prieto Vial was a Chilean military and political figure. He was twice President of Chile between 1831 and 1841. José Joaquín Prieto was of Spanish and Basque descent.-Early life:... becomes president of Chile. He will serve two consecutive five-year terms. With him, the so-called decenios (decade-long reigns) begin, which continue until 1871. This 30-year Conservative Party Conservative Party (Chile) The Conservative Party of Chile was one of the principal Chilean political parties since its foundation in 1836 until 1949, when it broke apart. In 1953 it reformed as the United Conservative Party and in 1966 joined with the Liberal Party to form the National Party... hegemony is sometimes referred to as the Authoritarian Republic. |
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| 1832 | Discovery of mineral deposits in Chañarcillo, and the beginning of the rise of silver in what was then el Norte Chico and now constitutes the Atacama and Coquimbo regions of Chile. The mining fortunes constitute an important source of power in the following decades. | |
| 1833 | Chilean Constitution of 1833 Chilean Constitution of 1833 thumb|right|200px|Painting of Diego Portales. The Constitution of 1833 has been seen as the embodiement of the "Portalian thought".The Constitution of 1833 was the constitution used in Chile from 1833 to 1925 when it was replaced by the Constitution of 1925... . "Portalian" — that is, inspired by Diego Portales — definitively fixed Chilean institutions. |
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| 1835 | On February 20, southern Chile was affected by the worst earthquake in the area in several decades, event witnessed by Charles Darwin Charles Darwin Charles Robert Darwin FRS was an English naturalist. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestry, and proposed the scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection.He published his theory... . |
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| 1836 | Diego Portales declares the war on the Peruvian-Bolivian Confederation. | |
| 1837 | Diego Portales is assassinated by mutinous soldiers in Quillota Quillota Quillota is a city and commune located in the Aconcagua River valley of central Chile's Valparaíso Region. It is the capital and largest city of the Quillota Province where many inhabitants live in the surrounding farm areas of San Isidro, La Palma, Pocochay, and San Pedro... . A Chilean military expedition debarks in Perú, beginning the War of the Confederation War of the Confederation The War of the Confederation , was a conflict between the Peru-Bolivian Confederation on one side and Chile, Peruvian dissidents and Argentina, on the other, fought mostly in the actual territory of Peru and which ended with a Confederate defeat and the dissolution of the... . |
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| 1839 | Battle of Yungay Battle of Yungay The Battle of Yungay effectively destroyed the Peru-Bolivian Confederation created by Bolivian Marshal Andrés de Santa Cruz in 1836... and defeat of the Confederation. |
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| 1840 | The Vatican Holy See The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, in which its Bishop is commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent episcopal see of the Catholic Church, forming the central government of the Church. As such, diplomatically, and in other spheres the Holy See acts and... acknowledges the Independence of Chile |
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| 1841 | Manuel Bulnes Manuel Bulnes -Sources:* Juan B. Alberdi, Biografia de general Bulnes... , victorious marshal of the Battle of Yungay, elected president of Chile. |
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| 1843 | University of Chile founded. It will become on of the country's two most prestigious university. along with the Catholic University of Chile, which was founded years later. Fort Bulnes established, the first Chilean presence on the Strait of Magellan Strait of Magellan The Strait of Magellan comprises a navigable sea route immediately south of mainland South America and north of Tierra del Fuego... . |
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| 1844 | Spain recognizes the Independence of Chile | |
| 1848 | Founding of Punta Arenas in the Strait of Magellan | |
| 1851 | José María de la Cruz José María de la Cruz General José María de la Cruz Prieto was a Chilean soldier.The son of Luis de la Cruz and of Josefa Prieto Sotomayor, and was a cousin of future presidents José Joaquín Prieto and Manuel Bulnes... revolts in the southern provinces of Chile. Bulnes crushes the revolutionary attempt and signs the treaty of Purapel with the revolutionaries. Manuel Montt Manuel Montt Manuel Francisco Antonio Julián Montt Torres was a Chilean statesman and scholar. He was twice elected President of Chile between 1851 and 1861.-Biography:... becomes the third of the decenal presidents. |
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| 1856 | The Dispute of Sacristán ("Cuestión del Sacristán"). An apparently trivial question of ecclesiastical discipline divides the Conservative Party into secular and ultra-Catholic factions, which lays the ground for their political defeat in the elections of 1861. | |
| 1857 | The Civil Code of Chile comes into effect; it will become a model for Latin American legal codes down to the present day. | |
| 1859 | Chilean Revolution of 1859. Pedro León Gallo Pedro León Gallo Pedro León Díaz Gallo was an Argentine statesman and priest. He was a representative to the Congress of Tucumán which on 9 July 1816 declared the Independence of Argentina.... , radical revolutionary of Copiapó Copiapó Copiapó is a city in northern Chile, located about 40 miles east of the coastal town of Caldera. Founded on December 8, 1744, it is the capital of Copiapó Province and Atacama Region.... , and others are defeated by the government forces. However, as a consequence, Antonio Varas Antonio Varas Antonio Varas de la Barra was a Chilean political figure, statesman and conservative politician. He served several times as minister.... renounces to his candidature. |
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| 1861 | José Joaquín Pérez José Joaquín Pérez José Joaquín Pérez Mascayano was a Chilean political figure. He served as the president of Chile between 1861 and 1871.... of the Liberal Party Liberal Party (Chile) The Liberal Party of Chile was a Chilean political party created by a faction of pipiolos in 1849. After the conservative victory in the Chilean Civil War of 1829 the liberals became the principal opposition party to the Conservative Party... elected president. His party will retain power until the Chilean Revolution of 1891. |
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| 1863 | A French adventurer proclaims himself Orélie Antoine I, King of Araucanía. After a short time he is arrested by the Chileans and deported. Pacification of Araucanía. | |
| 1866 | Chile, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia at war with Spain. The port of Valparaíso is bombed by the Spanish. A treaty of limits (borders) of 1866 is signed with Bolivia. | |
| 1871 | A constitutional reform prohibits re-election, resulting in the end of the decenios. Governments of five years duration persist until 1925, except for the premature death of Pedro Montt Pedro Montt Pedro Elías Pablo Montt Montt was a Chilean political figure. He served as the president of Chile from 1906 to his death from a probable stroke in 1910... in 1910. |
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| 1874 | Another treaty of limits is signed with Bolivia due to political tensions. | |
| 1879 | Begin of the War of the Pacific War of the Pacific The War of the Pacific took place in western South America from 1879 through 1883. Chile fought against Bolivia and Peru. Despite cooperation among the three nations in the war against Spain, disputes soon arose over the mineral-rich Peruvian provinces of Tarapaca, Tacna, and Arica, and the... . |
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| 1881 | Chilean troops occupy Lima Lima Lima is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín rivers, in the central part of the country, on a desert coast overlooking the Pacific Ocean. Together with the seaport of Callao, it forms a contiguous urban area known as the Lima... , capital of Perú. Boundary treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina |
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| 1883 | Law of Civil Matrimony Marriage Marriage is a social union or legal contract between people that creates kinship. It is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually intimate and sexual, are acknowledged in a variety of ways, depending on the culture or subculture in which it is found... adopted. This secularization was fiercely resisted by the Roman Catholic Church. The Treaty of Ancón Treaty of Ancón The Treaty of Ancón was signed by Chile and Peru on 20 October 1883, in the Ancón District near Lima. It was intended to settle the two nations' remaining territorial differences at the conclusion of their involvement in the War of the Pacific and to stabilise post-bellum relations between... is signed with Perú to end the war. The "Pacification of Araucanía" is considered finished, and with that according to some historians also the War of Arauco. |
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| 1884 | War of the Pacific ends, allowing mining of saltpeter Potassium nitrate Potassium nitrate is a chemical compound with the formula KNO3. It is an ionic salt of potassium ions K+ and nitrate ions NO3−.It occurs as a mineral niter and is a natural solid source of nitrogen. Its common names include saltpetre , from medieval Latin sal petræ: "stone salt" or possibly "Salt... in the regions conquered from Peru and Bolivia, leading to great national prosperity for Chile. Treaty called "Pacto de Tregua". |
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| 1888 | Policarpo Toro Policarpo Toro Policarpo Toro Hurtado was a Chilean naval officer, . He enrolled in the Chilean Navy in 1871 and visited Easter Island in 1875. From 1877 to 1879 he participated in the English Navy as second lieutenant... leads a naval expedition to annex Easter Island Easter Island Easter Island is a Polynesian island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian triangle. A special territory of Chile that was annexed in 1888, Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called moai, created by the early Rapanui people... . The Catholic University of Chile is privately founded. |
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| 1890 | The Malleco Viaduct Malleco Viaduct The Malleco Viaduct is a railway bridge located in central Chile, passing over the Malleco River valley at the south entrance of Collipulli in the Araucania Region. It was opened by President José Manuel Balmaceda on October 26, 1890. At that time, it was the highest such bridge in the world... is opened and railway traffic expands further south during the next decades. |
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| 1891 | Revolution of 1891 Chilean Civil War The Chilean Civil War of 1891 was an armed conflict between forces supporting Congress and forces supporting the sitting President, José Manuel Balmaceda. The war saw a confrontation between the Chilean Army and the Chilean Navy, which had sided with the president and the congress, respectively... . The constitutional president José Manuel Balmaceda José Manuel Balmaceda José Manuel Emiliano Balmaceda Fernández was the 11th President of Chile from September 18, 1886 to August 29, 1891. Balmaceda was part of the Castilian-Basque aristocracy in Chile... is overthrown by troops favorable to the National Congress. The beginning of "Parliamentarism". |
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| 1895 | Easter Island Easter Island Easter Island is a Polynesian island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian triangle. A special territory of Chile that was annexed in 1888, Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called moai, created by the early Rapanui people... is rented to Compañía Explotadora de Isla de Pascua. |
20th century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1904 | "Meat" Massacre in Santiago. The workers revolt against the central government due to an increase in the price of meat and the general soaring costs of living. The government responds sending the army. Two days of riots continue, where hundreds of civilians are killed on street fighting. | |
| 1907 | Massacre of the Escuela Santa María de Iquique; soldiers fire on saltpeter workers and their unarmed associates. It will be years before the workers, terrorized by the brutal repression, resume the struggle for their rights. | |
| 1910 | The centenary of independence is darkened by the death of President Pedro Montt Pedro Montt Pedro Elías Pablo Montt Montt was a Chilean political figure. He served as the president of Chile from 1906 to his death from a probable stroke in 1910... , the only president between 1831 and 1925 who failed to complete his term of office. |
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| 1914 | 1 November 1914 | Britain is defeated by Germany at the Battle of Coronel Battle of Coronel The First World War naval Battle of Coronel took place on 1 November 1914 off the coast of central Chile near the city of Coronel. German Kaiserliche Marine forces led by Vice-Admiral Graf Maximilian von Spee met and defeated a Royal Navy squadron commanded by Rear-Admiral Sir Christopher... , off the coast of Chile |
| 1920 | Arturo Alessandri Palma elected president, indicating a rise to power by the Chilean middle class. | |
| 1924 | Chile's first income tax Income tax An income tax is a tax levied on the income of individuals or businesses . Various income tax systems exist, with varying degrees of tax incidence. Income taxation can be progressive, proportional, or regressive. When the tax is levied on the income of companies, it is often called a corporate... levied. |
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| 1925 | After intense political agitation the Chilean Constitution of 1925 is adopted, only slightly less authoritarian than that of 1833. The Impuesto Global Complementario, a graduated income tax, is introduced. | |
| 1927 | Amidst great political instability, and by way of a bloodless coup, Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Carlos Ibáñez del Campo General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo was a Chilean Army officer and political figure. He served as dictator between 1927 and 1931 and as constitutional President from 1952 to 1958.- The coups of 1924 and 1925 :... takes the presidency. He will govern as dictator, until 1931. Also in 1927, the corps of carabineros — militarized police — is founded. |
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| 1929 | The economic crash of 1929 strikes Chile with more force than any other country on earth. | |
| 1931 | The deep economic crisis obliges Ibáñez del Campo to step down. A series of civilian governments and military juntas follows, some of which last no more than a few days. | |
| 1932 | The period of political anarchy ends with the return to power of Arturo Alessandri Palma. | |
| 1938 | Massacre of Seguro Obrero Massacre of Seguro Obrero The Seguro Obrero massacre was the Chilean government's response to an attempted coup d'état by the National Socialist Movement of Chile, whose members were known at the time as nacistas.- Background :... . |
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| 1939 | The Radical Party Radical Party (Chile) The Radical Party of Chile was a Chilean political party. It was formed in 1863 by a split in the Liberal Party. Not coincidently, it was formed shortly after the organization of the Grand Lodge of Chile, and it has maintained a close relationship with Chilean Freemasonry throughout its life... gains power, which they will keep until 1952. |
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| 1940 | Pedro Aguirre Cerda Pedro Aguirre Cerda Pedro Aguirre Cerda was a Chilean political figure. A member of the Radical Party, he was chosen as the Popular Front's candidate for the 1938 presidential election, and was triumphally elected. He governed Chile until his death in 1941... , president of the nation, establishes internationally the first Chilean claims in Antarctica. |
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| 1945 | Gabriela Mistral Gabriela Mistral Gabriela Mistral was the pseudonym of Lucila de María del Perpetuo Socorro Godoy Alcayaga, a Chilean poet, educator, diplomat, and feminist who was the first Latin American to win the Nobel Prize in Literature, in 1945... receives the Nobel Prize for Literature. |
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| 1946 | Gabriel González Videla Gabriel González Videla Gabriel González Videla was a Chilean politician. He was a deputy and senator in the Chilean Congress and was President of Chile from 1946 to 1952... becomes president, backed by a broad alliance of parties, including the Radicals and Communists Communist Party of Chile The Communist Party of Chile is a Chilean political party inspired by the thoughts of Karl Marx and Lenin. It was founded in 1922, as the continuation of the Socialist Workers Party, and in 1934 it established its youth wing, the Communist Youth of Chile .In the last legislative elections in Chile... . Once in power, he acceded to pressure from the United States and promulgates the Law of Permanent Defense of the Democracy Law of Permanent Defense of the Democracy Under the pressure of the United States of America, Chilean President Gabriel González Videla enacted a Ley de Defensa Permanente de la Democracia, also known as Cursed Law, Ley Maldita which outlawed the Communist Party of Chile and banned 26,650 persons from the electoral lists.The law banned the... , also known as the Ley Maldita ("accursed law"), which outlawed his former allies the Communists, some of whom were placed in concentration camps in Pisagua Pisagua Pisagua is a Chilean port on the Pacific Ocean, located in Huara comuna , in Tarapacá Region, northern Chile. In 2007, the new province of El Tamarugal was established and the comuna of Huara, previously within the province of Iquique, was incorporated to the newly created province.-Early... . Poet Pablo Neruda Pablo Neruda Pablo Neruda was the pen name and, later, legal name of the Chilean poet, diplomat and politician Neftalí Ricardo Reyes Basoalto. He chose his pen name after Czech poet Jan Neruda.... hounded into exile. |
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| 1952 | Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Carlos Ibáñez del Campo General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo was a Chilean Army officer and political figure. He served as dictator between 1927 and 1931 and as constitutional President from 1952 to 1958.- The coups of 1924 and 1925 :... returns to the presidency, this time via the ballot box, ending the era of the Radical Party. His emblem is the broom, with which he proposed (fruitlessly) to sweep away the Radicals' legacy of corruption. |
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| 1958 | Argentine forces destroy a Chilean Lighthouse during the Snipe incident Snipe incident The Snipe incident was a military incident that took place between Chile and Argentina during 1958 as a result of an disputed border line in the Beagle Channel.... |
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| 1960 | The Great Chilean Earthquake Great Chilean Earthquake The 1960 Valdivia earthquake or Great Chilean Earthquake of Sunday, 22 May 1960 is to date the most powerful earthquake ever recorded on Earth, rating 9.5 on the moment magnitude scale... , with its epicenter near Valdivia Valdivia, Chile Valdivia is a city and commune in southern Chile administered by the Municipality of Valdivia. The city is named after its founder Pedro de Valdivia and is located at the confluence of the Calle-Calle, Valdivia and Cau-Cau Rivers, approximately east of the coastal towns of Corral and Niebla... , is the most intense earthquake Earthquake An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. The seismicity, seismism or seismic activity of an area refers to the frequency, type and size of earthquakes experienced over a period of time... ever recorded, rating a 9.5 |
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| 1964 | Christian Democrat Christian Democracy Christian democracy is a political ideology that seeks to apply Christian principles to public policy. It emerged in nineteenth-century Europe under the influence of conservatism and Catholic social teaching... Eduardo Frei Montalva Eduardo Frei Montalva Eduardo Frei Montalva was a Chilean political leader of world stature. In his long political career, he was Minister of Public Works, president of his Christian Democratic Party, senator, President of the Senate, and president of Chile from 1964 to 1970... becomes president, proclaiming the so-called "Revolution in Liberty". |
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| 1970 | Salvador Allende Salvador Allende Salvador Allende Gossens was a Chilean physician and politician who is generally considered the first democratically elected Marxist to become president of a country in Latin America.... elected president; his leftist orientation greatly displeases the government of the United States. See 1970 Chilean presidential election. |
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| 1971 | Poet Pablo Neruda Pablo Neruda Pablo Neruda was the pen name and, later, legal name of the Chilean poet, diplomat and politician Neftalí Ricardo Reyes Basoalto. He chose his pen name after Czech poet Jan Neruda.... receives Nobel Prize for Literature. |
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| 1973 | The Armed Forces, carabineros, and others stage a coup, overthrowing Allende, who dies in the course of the coup. Augusto Pinochet Augusto Pinochet Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte, more commonly known as Augusto Pinochet , was a Chilean army general and dictator who assumed power in a coup d'état on 11 September 1973... establishes himself as the head of a military junta. The subsequent repression of leftists and other opponents of the military regime results in approximately 130,000 arrests and at least 2,000 dead or "disappeared" over the next 17 years. See Chilean coup of 1973 Chilean coup of 1973 The 1973 Chilean coup d'état was a watershed event of the Cold War and the history of Chile. Following an extended period of political unrest between the conservative-dominated Congress of Chile and the socialist-leaning President Salvador Allende, discontent culminated in the latter's downfall in... . |
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| 1977 | Beagle conflict Beagle conflict The Beagle Conflict was a border dispute between Chile and Argentina over the possession of Picton, Lennox and Nueva islands and the scope of the maritime jurisdiction associated with those islands that brought the countries to the brink of war in 1978.... : The binding Beagle Channel Arbitration Beagle Channel Arbitration On 22 July 1971 Salvador Allende and Alejandro Lanusse, the Presidents of Chile and Argentina, signed an arbitration agreement . This agreement related to their dispute over the territorial and maritime boundaries between them, and in particular the title to the Picton, Nueva and Lennox islands... award the Picton, Nueva and Lennox Beagle Channel cartography since 1881 The region of the Beagle Channel, explored by Robert FitzRoy eighteen-thirties, was one of the last ones to be colonized by Chile and Argentina. The cold weather, the long distances from other inhabited regions and the shortage of transport and subsistence kept it far from the governmental task.In... islands to Chile |
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| 1978 | Beagle conflict Beagle conflict The Beagle Conflict was a border dispute between Chile and Argentina over the possession of Picton, Lennox and Nueva islands and the scope of the maritime jurisdiction associated with those islands that brought the countries to the brink of war in 1978.... : Argentine began to challenge the Chilean commitment to defend the territory and started the Operation Soberania Operation Soberanía Operación Soberanía was the codename of a planned Argentine military invasion of Chile to be carried out on 22 December 1978 due to the Beagle conflict dispute. The invasion was halted at the last minute and did not take place.... . |
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| 1980 | The military government promulgates the Chilean Constitution of 1980, which is adopted by plebiscite. Economic policy begins to be significantly influenced by the ideas of the Chicago School and of Neoliberalism Neoliberalism Neoliberalism is a market-driven approach to economic and social policy based on neoclassical theories of economics that emphasizes the efficiency of private enterprise, liberalized trade and relatively open markets, and therefore seeks to maximize the role of the private sector in determining the... . The United States oblige President President of the Philippines The President of the Philippines is the head of state and head of government of the Philippines. The president leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines... Ferdinand Marcos Ferdinand Marcos Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos, Sr. was a Filipino leader and an authoritarian President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He was a lawyer, member of the Philippine House of Representatives and a member of the Philippine Senate... , to cancel a scheduled visit by President Pinochet to the Philippines. |
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| 1982 | Support for British Forces in the Falkland War | |
| 1984 | Beagle conflict Beagle conflict The Beagle Conflict was a border dispute between Chile and Argentina over the possession of Picton, Lennox and Nueva islands and the scope of the maritime jurisdiction associated with those islands that brought the countries to the brink of war in 1978.... : Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1984 between Chile and Argentina Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1984 between Chile and Argentina The Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1984 between Chile and Argentina was signed into agreement at the Vatican on 29 November 1984.It was ratified... signed |
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| 1988 | Pinochet loses the plebiscite foreseen by the constitution, which brings about, by agreement of all, elections the following year. | |
| 1990 | Patricio Aylwin Patricio Aylwin Patricio Aylwin Azócar was the first president of Chile after its return to democratic rule in 1990, following the military dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet.- Early life :... takes office as President. Transition to democracy begins. |
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| 1991 | Mount Hudson Mount Hudson Mount Hudson is a stratovolcano in southern Chile, and the site of one of the largest eruptions in the twentieth century. The mountain itself is covered by a glacier. There is a caldera at the summit from an ancient eruption; modern volcanic activity comes from inside the caldera... erupts. |
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| 1994 | Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle Eduardo Alfredo Juan Bernardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle is a Chilean politician and civil engineer who was President of Chile from 1994 to 2000. He is currently Senator for Los Ríos and was President of the Senate from 2006 to 2008. He attempted a comeback as the candidate of the ruling Concertación... is elected President. |
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| 1998 | During a visit to London for medical reasons, Augusto Pinochet is arrested in accord with the orders of Spanish judge Baltasar Garzón Baltasar Garzón Baltasar Garzón Real is a Spanish jurist who served on Spain's central criminal court, the Audiencia Nacional. He was the examining magistrate of the Juzgado Central de Instrucción No... , beginning an international struggle between his supporters and detractors. He returns to Chile the following year, and the charges against him are later thrown out on the basis of his ostensibly deteriorated mental state. Chile suffers greatly from the world economic crisis, resulting in years of inflation and unemployment. |
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| 2000 | In the second round of voting, in a tight contest with right wing candidate Joaquín Lavín Joaquín Lavín Joaquín José Lavín Infante is a Chilean politician and economist. He is a member of the Independent Democrat Union party and former mayor of Santiago and Las Condes municipalities of capital Santiago... , Ricardo Lagos Escobar is elected President. |
21st century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 2002 | A general census Census A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common... is performed all over the country. |
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| 2004 | The Chilean Supreme Court declares that Pinochet is mentally competent to stand trial. | |
| 2005 | The Pinochet trial continues. The presidential election of December 11 puts Michelle Bachelet Michelle Bachelet Verónica Michelle Bachelet Jeria is a Social Democrat politician who was President of Chile from 11 March 2006 to 11 March 2010. She was the first woman president of her country... and Sebastián Piñera Sebastián Piñera Miguel Juan Sebastián Piñera Echenique is a Chilean businessman and politician. He was elected President of Chile in January 2010, taking office in March 2010.- Education :... into a second round. |
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| 2006 | In the second round of the presidential election the socialist leader Michelle Bachelet Michelle Bachelet Verónica Michelle Bachelet Jeria is a Social Democrat politician who was President of Chile from 11 March 2006 to 11 March 2010. She was the first woman president of her country... emerges the winner. 790,000 students adhere to the 2006 student protests in Chile 2006 student protests in Chile The 2006 student protests in Chile were a series of ongoing student voice protests carried out by high school students across Chile from late April to early June 2006... . Death of Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte (10 December 2006) |
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| 2007 | Los Ríos Region Los Ríos Region The XIV Los Ríos Region is one of Chile's 15 first order administrative divisions. Its capital is Valdivia. Pop. 356,396 . It began to operate as region on October 2, 2007. It was created by subdividing the Los Lagos Region in southern Chile... and Arica-Parinacota Region Arica-Parinacota Region The XV Arica and Parinacota Region is one of Chile's 15 first order administrative divisions. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the east and Chile's Tarapacá Region to the south. It is also the country's newest region, created under Law 20.175. It became operational on October 8, 2007... are created. |