Types of bagpipes
Encyclopedia
France
- Musette de courMusette de courThe musette de cour or baroque musette is a musical instrument of the bagpipe family. Visually, the musette is characterised by the short, cylindrical shuttle-drone and the two chalumeaux. Both the chanters and the drones have a cylindrical bore and use a double reed, giving a quiet tone similar to...
: A French open ended smallpipe, believed by some to be an ancestor of the Northumbrian smallpipes, used for classical compositions in 'folk' style in the 18th Century French court. The shuttle design for the drones was recently revived and added to a mouth blown Scottish smallpipe. - BiniouBiniouBinioù means bagpipe in the Breton language.There are two bagpipes called binioù in Brittany: the traditional binioù kozh and the binioù bras , which was brought into Brittany from Scotland in the late 19th century...
(or biniou kozh "old style bagpipe"): a mouth blown bagpipe from BrittanyBrittanyBrittany is a cultural and administrative region in the north-west of France. Previously a kingdom and then a duchy, Brittany was united to the Kingdom of France in 1532 as a province. Brittany has also been referred to as Less, Lesser or Little Britain...
, a CeltCeltThe Celts were a diverse group of tribal societies in Iron Age and Roman-era Europe who spoke Celtic languages.The earliest archaeological culture commonly accepted as Celtic, or rather Proto-Celtic, was the central European Hallstatt culture , named for the rich grave finds in Hallstatt, Austria....
ic region of northwestern FranceFranceThe French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
. It is the most famous bagpipe of France. The great Highland bagpipe is also used in marching bands called bagadoù and known as biniou braz ("great bagpipe"). - VeuzeVeuzeThe veuze is a Breton bagpipe found traditionally in southeastern Brittany and in the northern part of the Vendée, particularly around Nantes, the Guérande peninsula, and Basse-Vilaine. The veuze has been mentioned in writings dating to the 16th century, and is thought to be the oldest of the...
, found in Western France around Nantes and into the Breton marshes. - CabretteCabretteThe cabrette is a type of bagpipe which appeared in Auvergne, France in the 19th century, and rapidly spread to Haute-Auvergne and Aubrac.- Details :...
: bellows-blown, played in the AuvergneAuvergne (province)Auvergne was a historic province in south central France. It was originally the feudal domain of the Counts of Auvergne. It is now the geographical and cultural area that corresponds to the former province....
region of central France. - ChabretteChabrette300px|right|thumbThe chabrette or chabrette limousine is a type of bagpipe native to the Limousin region of central France....
(or chabretta): found in the LimousinLimousin (province)Limousin is one of the traditional provinces of France around the city of Limoges. Limousin lies in the foothills of the western edge of the Massif Central, with cold weather in the winter...
region of central France. - BodegaBodega (bagpipe)Bodega or craba is an Occitan term for a type of French bagpipe played in Montagne Noire, particularly within the French departments of Tarn, Aude, Hérault, and Haute-Garonne.-Construction:...
(or craba): found in LanguedocLanguedocLanguedoc is a former province of France, now continued in the modern-day régions of Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyrénées in the south of France, and whose capital city was Toulouse, now in Midi-Pyrénées. It had an area of approximately 42,700 km² .-Geographical Extent:The traditional...
region of southern France, made of an entire goat skin. - BohaBohaThe boha is a type of bagpipe native to the Landes and Gascony regions of southwestern France....
: found in the Gascogne and Landes regions of southwestern France, notable for having no separate drone, but a drone and chanter bored into a single piece of wood. - Musette bressaneMusette bressaneThe musette bressane is a type of bagpipe native to the historic French province of Bresse, in eastern France....
: found in the BresseBresseBresse is a former French province. It is located in the regions of Rhône-Alpes, Bourgogne, and Franche-Comté of eastern France. The geographical term Bresse has two meanings: Bresse bourguignonne , which is situated in the east of the department of Saône-et-Loire, and Bresse, which is located...
region of eastern France - Cornemuse du CentreCornemuse du CentreThe cornemuse du Centre France or musette du Centre is a type of bagpipe native to Central France. It has two drones, one an octave below, and the other two octaves below, the tonic of the chanter.- Facture :thumb|right|280px|Musette du Centre...
(or musette du centre): bagpipes of Central France) are of many different types, some mouth blown. They can be found in the BourbonnaisBourbonnaisBourbonnais was a historic province in the centre of France that corresponded to the modern département of Allier, along with part of the département of Cher. Its capital was Moulins.-History:...
, BerryBerry (province)Berry is a region located in the center of France. It was a province of France until the provinces were replaced by départements on 4 March 1790....
, NivernaisNivernaisNivernais is former province of France, around the city of Nevers and the département of Nièvre.The raw climate and soils cause the area to be heavily wooded.- References :* Chamber's Encyclopedia Volume 10 page 50...
, and MorvanMorvanThe Morvan is a mountainous massif lying just to the west of the Côte d'Or escarpment in Burgundy, France. It is a northerly extension of the Massif Central and is of Variscan age. It is composed of granites and basalts and formed a promontory extending northwards into the Jurassic sea.-Music:The...
regions of FranceFranceThe French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
and in different tonalities. - Chabrette poitevine: found in the PoitouPoitouPoitou was a province of west-central France whose capital city was Poitiers.The region of Poitou was called Thifalia in the sixth century....
region of west-central France, but now extremely rare. - CaramusaCaramusaThe caramusa is a type of bagpipe played in Corsica. It consists of a chanter and a parallel drone.The instrument is associated with shepherds, and also was traditionally played at festivals....
: a small bagpipe with a single parallel drone, native to CorsicaCorsicaCorsica is an island in the Mediterranean Sea. It is located west of Italy, southeast of the French mainland, and north of the island of Sardinia.... - Musette bechonnetMusette bechonnetThe musette bechonnet is a type of French bagpipe which takes its name from its creator, Joseph Bechonnet of Effiat.The musette bechonnet typically has three drones, and its hide bag covered by an ornamented cloth bag....
, named from its creator, Joseph Bechonnet (1820-1900 AD) of EffiatEffiatEffiat is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne in central France.-References:*...
. - BousineBousineThe bousine is a small, droneless bagpipe from the south of Normandy. It is of Saxon origin, and arrived in Normandy in the 13th Century .Latinists believe its name comes from the Latin Bûcina : "trompette"...
, a small droneless bagpipe played in NormandyNormandyNormandy is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. It is in France.The continental territory covers 30,627 km² and forms the preponderant part of Normandy and roughly 5% of the territory of France. It is divided for administrative purposes into two régions:...
. (:fr:Bousine) - LoureLoure (bagpipe)The loure is a type of bagpipe native to Normandy, popular in the 17th and 18th centuries but later extinct prior to its modern revival.There was also a larger version known as the haute loure....
, a Norman bagpipe which gives its name to the French Baroque dance loureLoureThe loure, also known as the gigue lente or slow gigue, is a French Baroque dance, probably originating in Normandy and named after the sound of the instrument of the same name ....
. - PipassoPipassoThe pipasso is a type of bagpipe found in northern France and Belgium, commonly called the "Picardy bagpipe". In the Belgian province of Hainaut, it is also known as the muchosa....
, a bagpipe native to Picardy in northern France - SourdelineSourdelineThe sourdeline is a bellows-blown bagpipe played in France in the 1600s. It was believed to have been of Italian origin, developed in Naples and known as the surdelina....
, an extinct bellows-blown pipe, likely of Italian origin - SamponhaSamponhaThe samponha or cornemuse des Pyrenées is a type of double-chantered, single-reeded bagpipe with a large bass drone, played in the Pyrenees mountains until the early 20th century.-Source:*...
, a double-chantered pipe played in the PyreneesPyreneesThe Pyrenees is a range of mountains in southwest Europe that forms a natural border between France and Spain...
The Low Countries
- DoedelzakDoedelzakDoedelzak or pijpzak is the generic term for the bagpipes in the Netherlands.The specific term also refers to a type of two-droned Flemish bagpipe, as portrayed in the artwork of Pieter Bruegel the Elder. The two drone pipes, which have single reeds and are typically a fifth apart, are in the same...
(or pijpzak): found in FlandersFlandersFlanders is the community of the Flemings but also one of the institutions in Belgium, and a geographical region located in parts of present-day Belgium, France and the Netherlands. "Flanders" can also refer to the northern part of Belgium that contains Brussels, Bruges, Ghent and Antwerp...
and the NetherlandsNetherlandsThe Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
, this type of bagpipe was made famous in the paintings of Pieter Brueghel the ElderPieter Brueghel the ElderPieter Bruegel the Elder was a Flemish renaissance painter and printmaker known for his landscapes and peasant scenes . He is sometimes referred to as the "Peasant Bruegel" to distinguish him from other members of the Brueghel dynasty, but he is also the one generally meant when the context does...
; died out, but revived in the late 20th century. - MuchosaMuchosaThe muchosa is a type of bagpipe currently played mainly in Hainaut, Wallonia, Belgium, but which was previously known down into the north of France as far as Picardy....
(or muchosac): found in the Hainaut province of Wallonia, in southern BelgiumBelgiumBelgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...
, and previously known down into the north of France as far as PicardyPicardyThis article is about the historical French province. For other uses, see Picardy .Picardy is a historical province of France, in the north of France...
Germany
- Dudelsack: GermanGermanyGermany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
bagpipe with two drones and one chanter. Also called Schäferpfeife (shepherd pipe) or Sackpfeife. The drones are sometimes fit into one stock and do not lie on the player's shoulder but are tied to the front of the bag. (see: :de:Schäferpfeife) - Mittelaltersackpfeife: Reconstruction of medieval bagpipes after descriptions by Michael PraetoriusMichael PraetoriusMichael Praetorius was a German composer, organist, and music theorist. He was one of the most versatile composers of his age, being particularly significant in the development of musical forms based on Protestant hymns, many of which reflect an effort to make better the relationship between...
and depictions by Albrecht DürerAlbrecht DürerAlbrecht Dürer was a German painter, printmaker, engraver, mathematician, and theorist from Nuremberg. His prints established his reputation across Europe when he was still in his twenties, and he has been conventionally regarded as the greatest artist of the Northern Renaissance ever since...
, among others. While the exterior is reconstructed from these sources, the interior and sound are often similar to the Scottish Great Highland Bagpipe. Commonly tuned in A minor and used by musical groups specialising in medieval tunes. Often to be seen at medieval festivals and markets. (see: :de:Marktsackpfeife) - HuemmelchenHuemmelchenthumb | 300px | Modern hümmelchenThe hümmelchen is a type of small German bagpipe, attested in Syntagma Musicum by Michael Praetorius during the Renaissance.Early versions are believed to have double-reeded chanters, most likely with single-reeded drones....
: small bagpipe with the look of a small medieval pipe or a Dudelsack. The sound is similar to that of the Uilleann pipes, or sometimes the smallpipes. Seldom louder than 60 or 70 dB. - Dudy or kozoł (Lower Sorbian kózoł) are large types of bagpipes (in E flat) played among the (originally) SlavicSorbian languagesThe Sorbian languages are classified under the Slavic branch of the Indo-European languages. They are the native languages of the Sorbs, a Slavic minority in the Lusatia region of eastern Germany. Historically the language has also been known as Wendish or Lusatian. Their collective ISO 639-2 code...
-speaking SorbsSorbsSorbs are a Western Slavic people of Central Europe living predominantly in Lusatia, a region on the territory of Germany and Poland. In Germany they live in the states of Brandenburg and Saxony. They speak the Sorbian languages - closely related to Polish and Czech - officially recognized and...
of Eastern GermanyGermanyGermany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
, near the borders with both PolandPolandPoland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
and the Czech RepublicCzech RepublicThe Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
; smaller Sorbian types are called dudki or měchawa (in F). Yet smaller is the měchawka (in A, Am) known in German as Dreibrümmchen. The dudy/kozoł has a bent drone pipe that is hung across the player’s shoulder, and the chanter tends to be curved as well.
Switzerland
- Schweizer SackpfeifeSchweizer SackpfeifeThe Schweizer Sackpfeife is a type of bagpipe played in Switzerland from the Middle Ages until around 1700. In German-speaking Switzerland, the pipes are known as "sackpfiff", "sackpfyf", "sagkphiffen", or "sackphiffen". In French-speaking Switzerland it is known as "cornamusa", "cornamuse" or...
(Swiss bagpipe): In SwitzerlandSwitzerlandSwitzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
, the Sackpfiffe was a common instrument in the folk music from the Middle Ages to the early 18th century, documented by iconography and in written sources. It had one or two drones and one chanter with double reeds.
Austria
- BockBock (bagpipe)Variants of the bock, a type of bagpipe, were played in Central Europe in what are the modern states of Austria, Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic. The tradition of playing the instrument endured into the 20th century, primarily in the Blata, Chodsko, and Egerland regions of Bohemia, and among...
(literally, male goat): a bellows-blown pipe with large bells at the end of the single drone and chanter
Ireland
- Uilleann pipesUilleann pipesThe uilleann pipes or //; ) are the characteristic national bagpipe of Ireland, their current name, earlier known in English as "union pipes", is a part translation of the Irish-language term píobaí uilleann , from their method of inflation.The bag of the uilleann pipes is inflated by means of a...
: Bellows-blown bagpipe with keyed or un-keyed chanter and keyed drones (regulators). The most common type of bagpipes in Irish traditional musicMusic of IrelandIrish Music is the generic term for music that has been created in various genres on the island of Ireland.The indigenous music of the island is termed Irish traditional music. It has remained vibrant through the 20th, and into the 21st century, despite globalizing cultural forces...
. - Great Irish WarpipesGreat Irish WarpipesThe Great Irish Warpipes are an instrument that in modern practice is identical, and historically was analogous or identical to the Great Highland Bagpipe. "Warpipes" is an English term; The first use of the Gaelic term in Ireland is recorded in a poem by John O'Naughton , in which the bagpipes...
: Carried by most Irish regiments of the British Army (except the Royal Inniskilling FusiliersRoyal Inniskilling FusiliersThe Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers was a Irish infantry regiment of the British Army formed in 1881 by the amalgamation of the 27th Regiment of Foot and the 108th Regiment of Foot...
) until the late 1960s, when the Great Highland Bagpipe became standard. The Warpipe differed from the latter only in having a single tenor drone. - Brian Boru bagpipesBrian Boru bagpipesThe Brian Boru bagpipe was invented and patented in 1908 by Henry Starck, an instrument maker , in London, in consultation with William O'Duane. The name was chosen in honour of the Irish king Brian Boru , though this bagpipe is not a recreation of any pipes that were played at the time of his reign...
: Carried by the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers and had three drones, one of which was a baritone, pitched between bass and tenor. Unlike the chanter of the Great Highland Bagpipe, its chanter is keyed, allowing for a greater tonal range. - Pastoral pipesPastoral pipesThe Pastoral Pipe was a bellows-blown bagpipe, widely recognised as the forerunner and ancestor of the 19th-century Union pipes, which became the Uilleann Pipes of today...
: Although the exact origin of this keyed, or un-keyed chanter and keyed drones (regulators), pipe is uncertain, it developed into the modern uilleann bagpipe.
United Kingdom
- Great Highland BagpipeGreat Highland BagpipeThe Great Highland Bagpipe is a type of bagpipe native to Scotland. It has achieved widespread recognition through its usage in the British military and in pipe bands throughout the world. It is closely related to the Great Irish Warpipes....
: the world's most commonly played bagpipe. - Northumbrian smallpipesNorthumbrian smallpipesThe Northumbrian smallpipes are bellows-blown bagpipes from the North East of England.In a survey of the bagpipes in the Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford University, the organologist Anthony Baines wrote: It is perhaps the most civilized of the bagpipes, making no attempt to go farther than the...
: a smallpipe with a closed end chanter played in staccatoStaccatoStaccato is a form of musical articulation. In modern notation it signifies a note of shortened duration and separated from the note that may follow by silence...
. - Border pipesBorder pipesThe border pipes are a type of bagpipe related to the Scottish Great Highland Bagpipe. It is perhaps confusable with the Scottish smallpipe, although it is a quite different and much older instrument...
: also called the "Lowland Bagpipe", commonly confused with smallpipes, but louder. Played in the Lowlands of Scotland, and in England near the Anglo-Scottish borderAnglo-Scottish borderThe Anglo-Scottish border is the official border and mark of entry between Scotland and England. It runs for 154 km between the River Tweed on the east coast and the Solway Firth in the west. It is Scotland's only land border...
. Conically bored, less raucous in timbre than the Highland pipes, but partially or fully chromatic. - Scottish smallpipesScottish smallpipesThe Scottish smallpipe, in its modern form, is a bellows-blown bagpipe developed by Colin Ross and others, to be playable according to the Great Highland Bagpipe fingering system. There are surviving examples of similar historical instruments such as the mouth-blown Montgomery smallpipes in E,...
: a modern re-interpretation of an extinct instrument. Derived from the Northumbrian pipes by Colin RossColin Ross (pipemaker)Colin Ross is an English folk musician, playing fiddle and Northumbrian smallpipes, and a noted maker of Northumbrian smallpipes, Border pipes and Scottish smallpipes, and one of the inventors of the modern Scottish smallpipes. Ross is also a fiddler, and played both Northumbrian smallpipes and...
and others. - Cornish bagpipesCornish bagpipesCornish bagpipes are the forms of bagpipe once common in Cornwall. Bagpipes and pipes are mentioned in Cornish documentary sources from c.1150 to 1830 and bagpipes are present in Cornish iconography from the 15th and 16th centuries....
: an extinct type of double chanter bagpipe from CornwallCornwallCornwall is a unitary authority and ceremonial county of England, within the United Kingdom. It is bordered to the north and west by the Celtic Sea, to the south by the English Channel, and to the east by the county of Devon, over the River Tamar. Cornwall has a population of , and covers an area of...
(southwest England); there are currently attempts being made to revive it on the basis of literary descriptions and iconographic representations. - Welsh pipesWelsh pipesWelsh bagpipes have been played, documented, represented or described in Wales since the fourteenth century...
: Of two types, one a descendant of the pibgorn, the other loosely based on the Breton Veuze. Both are mouthblown with one bass drone. - Pastoral pipesPastoral pipesThe Pastoral Pipe was a bellows-blown bagpipe, widely recognised as the forerunner and ancestor of the 19th-century Union pipes, which became the Uilleann Pipes of today...
: Although the exact origin of this keyed, or un-keyed chanter and keyed drones (regulators), pipe is uncertain, it was developed into the modern Uilleann bagpipe. - English bagpipesEnglish bagpipesThe English bagpipes are bagpipes played in England. Of these, the only continuous tradition is that of the Northumbrian smallpipes, which are used in the northeastern county of Northumberland....
: with the exception of the Northumbrian smallpipesNorthumbrian smallpipesThe Northumbrian smallpipes are bellows-blown bagpipes from the North East of England.In a survey of the bagpipes in the Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford University, the organologist Anthony Baines wrote: It is perhaps the most civilized of the bagpipes, making no attempt to go farther than the...
, no English bagpipes maintained an unbroken tradition. However, music enthusiasts are attempting to "reconstruct" various English bagpipes based on descriptions and representations, but no actual physical evidence. - Yorkshire bagpipes, known in Shakespeare's time, but now extinct
- Lincolnshire bagpipesLincolnshire bagpipesThe Lincolnshire bagpipes are a type of bagpipe native to Lincolnshire in eastern England. The instrument was extinct in the modern era, with a 1901 commentator noting that it had become defunct by 1850. Later researchers identified the last traditional piper as John Hunsley, a 19th century farmer...
, a one-drone pipe extinct by 1850, with one reproduction made in the modern era - Lancanshire bagpipes, widely mentioned in early-Modern literature and travel accounts
- Zetland pipesZetland pipesThe Zetland pipes were a type of bagpipe designed and crafted by Pipe Major Royce Lerwick in the 1990s.-Historical impetus:Lerwick believed that the bagpipes had been introduced to the British Isles by the Vikings. His "Zetland pipes" were intended to resemble single-drone, single-reeded pipes...
: a reconstruction of pipes believed to have been brought to the Shetland IslandsShetland IslandsShetland is a subarctic archipelago of Scotland that lies north and east of mainland Great Britain. The islands lie some to the northeast of Orkney and southeast of the Faroe Islands and form part of the division between the Atlantic Ocean to the west and the North Sea to the east. The total...
by the Vikings, though not clearly historically attested.
Iberia (Portugal and Spain)
Gaita is a generic term for "bagpipe" in CastilianSpanish language
Spanish , also known as Castilian , is a Romance language in the Ibero-Romance group that evolved from several languages and dialects in central-northern Iberia around the 9th century and gradually spread with the expansion of the Kingdom of Castile into central and southern Iberia during the...
, Portuguese
Portuguese language
Portuguese is a Romance language that arose in the medieval Kingdom of Galicia, nowadays Galicia and Northern Portugal. The southern part of the Kingdom of Galicia became independent as the County of Portugal in 1095...
, Galego
Galician language
Galician is a language of the Western Ibero-Romance branch, spoken in Galicia, an autonomous community located in northwestern Spain, where it is co-official with Castilian Spanish, as well as in border zones of the neighbouring territories of Asturias and Castile and León.Modern Galician and...
, Asturian
Asturian language
Asturian is a Romance language of the West Iberian group, Astur-Leonese Subgroup, spoken in the Spanish Region of Asturias by the Asturian people...
, Catalan
Catalan language
Catalan is a Romance language, the national and only official language of Andorra and a co-official language in the Spanish autonomous communities of Catalonia, the Balearic Islands and Valencian Community, where it is known as Valencian , as well as in the city of Alghero, on the Italian island...
and Aragonese
Aragonese language
Aragonese is a Romance language now spoken in a number of local varieties by between 10,000 and 30,000 people over the valleys of the Aragón River, Sobrarbe and Ribagorza in Aragon, Spain...
, for distinct bagpipes used across the northern regions of Spain and Portugal and in the Balearic Islands
Balearic Islands
The Balearic Islands are an archipelago of Spain in the western Mediterranean Sea, near the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula.The four largest islands are: Majorca, Minorca, Ibiza and Formentera. The archipelago forms an autonomous community and a province of Spain with Palma as the capital...
. Just like "Northumbrian smallpipes" or "Great Highland bagpipes," each region attributes its toponym to the respective gaita name. Most of them have a conical chanter with a partial second octave, obtained by overblowing
Overblowing
Overblowing A technique used while playing a wind instrument which, primarily through manipulation of the supplied air , causes the sounded pitch to jump to a higher one...
. Folk groups playing these instruments have become popular in recent years, and pipe bands have been formed in some traditions.
- Gaita alistana: played in AlisteAlisteAliste may refer to several municipalities in comarca of Aliste, in the Zamora province of northern Spain:*Mahide de Aliste*Rábano de Aliste*Riofrío de AlisteAlternately, it may refer to a comarca within Zamora:*Aliste...
, ZamoraZamora (province)Zamora is a Spanish province of western Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Castile and León.The present-day province of Zamora province was one of three provinces formed from the former Kingdom of León in 1833, when Spain was re-organised into 49 provinces.It is bordered by...
, north-western Spain. - Gaita asturianaGaita asturianaThe gaita asturiana is a type of bagpipe native to the autonomous communities of Asturias and parts of Cantabria on the northern coast of Spain.-Differences from other Iberian gaitas:...
: native to AsturiasAsturiasThe Principality of Asturias is an autonomous community of the Kingdom of Spain, coextensive with the former Kingdom of Asturias in the Middle Ages...
, north-western Spain. Very similar to the gaita gallega but of heavier construction with an increased capability for octave jumps and chromatic notes. - Gaita de botoGaita de botoThe gaita de boto is a type of bagpipe native to the Aragon region of northern Spain.Its use and construction were nearly extinct by the 1970s, when a revival of folk music began. Today there are various gaita builders, various schools and associations for gaita players, and more than a dozen...
: native to AragonAragonAragon is a modern autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon. Located in northeastern Spain, the Aragonese autonomous community comprises three provinces : Huesca, Zaragoza, and Teruel. Its capital is Zaragoza...
, distinctive for its tenor drone running parallel to the chanter. - Gaita cabreiresaGaita cabreiresaThe gaita cabreiresa was a type of bagpipe native to the comarca of La Cabreira, in the Spanish province of León....
(or gaita lionesa): an extinct but revived pipe native to LeonLeón (province)León is a province of northwestern Spain, in the northwestern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León.About one quarter of its population of 500,200 lives in the capital, León. The weather is cold and dry during the winter....
. - Galician gaitaGalician gaitaThe gaita or gaita de foles is a traditional bagpipe of Galicia, Asturias and northern Portugal.The name gaita is used in Galician and Spanishlanguages as a generic term for "bagpipe"...
: traditional bagpipe used in Galicia, north-west Spain and the MinhoMinho RiverThe Minho or Miño is the longest river in Galicia, Spain, with an extension of 340 km.Both names come from Latin Minius...
river valley, northern Portugal. - Gaita de sacoGaita de sacoThe gaita de saco is a type of bagpipe native to the provinces of Soria, La Rioja, Alava, and Burgos in north-central Spain. In the past, it may also have been played in Segovia and Ávila...
: native to SoriaSoriaSoria is a city in north-central Spain, the capital of the province of Soria in the autonomous community of Castile and León. , the municipality has a population of c. 39,500 inhabitants, nearly 40% of the population of the province...
, La RiojaLa Rioja (Spain)La Rioja is an autonomous community and a province of northern Spain. Its capital is Logroño. Other cities and towns in the province include Calahorra, Arnedo, Alfaro, Haro, Santo Domingo de la Calzada, and Nájera.-History:...
, AlavaÁlavaÁlava is a province of Spain and a historical territory of the Basque Country, heir of the ancient Lord of Álava. Its capital city is Vitoria-Gasteiz which is also the capital of the autonomous community...
, and BurgosBurgos (province)The province of Burgos is a province of northern Spain, in the northeastern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is bordered by the provinces of Palencia, Cantabria, Vizcaya, Álava, La Rioja, Soria, Segovia, and Valladolid. Its capital is the city of Burgos...
in northwestern-central Spain. Possibly the same as the lost gaita de fuelle of Old CastileOld CastileOld Castile is a historic region of Spain, which included territory that later corresponded to the provinces of Santander , Burgos, Logroño , Soria, Segovia, Ávila, Valladolid, Palencia....
. - Gaita sanabresaGaita sanabresaThe gaita sanabresa is a type of bagpipe native to Sanabria, a comarca of the province of Zamora in northwestern Spain.The gaita sanabresa features a single drone. The scale of this chanter is distinct from others in Spain, more resembling the gaita transmontana in the neighboring regions of...
: played in Puebla de SanabriaPuebla de SanabriaPuebla de Sanabria is a small town located in the north-eastern part of the province of Zamora in Spain, between the rivers Tera and Castro.It is the economic and political centre of the comarca of Sanabria.-History:...
, in the Zamora provinceZamora (province)Zamora is a Spanish province of western Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Castile and León.The present-day province of Zamora province was one of three provinces formed from the former Kingdom of León in 1833, when Spain was re-organised into 49 provinces.It is bordered by...
of north-western Spain. - Gaita transmontanaGaita transmontanaThe gaita transmontana is a type of bagpipe native to the Trás-os-Montes region of Portugal.-External links:*...
(or gaita mirandesa): native to the Tras-os-MontesTrás-os-Montes (region)Trás-os-Montes was one of the 13 regions of continental Portugal identified by geographer Amorim Girão, in a study published between 1927 and 1930.Together with Alto Douro it formed Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro Province.- See also :...
region, northern Portugal. - OdrecilloOdrecilloThe odrecillo was a small bagpipe of medieval Iberia . The instrument is found with or without drones.The term is derived from the word odre . This term has also been applied to a different instrument, the bladder pipe....
: a small medieval bagpipe, with or without drones. - Sac de gemecsSac de gemecsThe sac de gemecs is a type of bagpipe found in Catalonia ....
: used in CataloniaCataloniaCatalonia is an autonomous community in northeastern Spain, with the official status of a "nationality" of Spain. Catalonia comprises four provinces: Barcelona, Girona, Lleida, and Tarragona. Its capital and largest city is Barcelona. Catalonia covers an area of 32,114 km² and has an...
(north-eastern Spain). - XeremiaXeremiaThe xeremía is a type of bagpipe native to the Balearic Islands. It consists of a bag made of skin , known as a sac or sarró which retains the air, a blowpipe , a melody pipe or chanter , and several, generally three, drones...
: played in the island of Majorca, often accompanying the flabiolFlabiolThe flabiol , also known as flaviol, flubiol or fabirol, is a woodwind musical instrument of the family known as fipple flutes. It is one of the 12 instruments of the cobla...
and drum.
Italy
- ZampognaZampognaZampogna is a generic term for a number of Italian double chantered pipes that can be found as far north as the southern part of the Marche, throughout areas in Abruzzo, Latium, Molise, Basilicata, Campania, Calabria, and Sicily...
(also called ciaramella, ciarameddaCiarameddaThe ciaramedda or ciaramèddha is a type of zampogna with equal length double chanters. Other terms for this instrument include "zampogna a paru" and "terzalora" or simply "cornamuse."...
, or surdullina depending on style and or region): A generic name for an ItalianItalyItaly , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
bagpipe, with different scale arrangements for two chanters (for different regions of Italy), and from zero to three drones (the drones usually sound a fifth, in relation to the chanter keynote, though in some cases a drone plays the tonic). - Piva: used in northern Italy (BergamoBergamoBergamo is a town and comune in Lombardy, Italy, about 40 km northeast of Milan. The comune is home to over 120,000 inhabitants. It is served by the Orio al Serio Airport, which also serves the Province of Bergamo, and to a lesser extent the metropolitan area of Milan...
, Emilia), and bordering regions of Switzerland such as TicinoTicinoCanton Ticino or Ticino is the southernmost canton of Switzerland. Named after the Ticino river, it is the only canton in which Italian is the sole official language...
. A single chantered, single drone instrument, with double reeds, often played in accompaniment to a shawmShawmThe shawm was a medieval and Renaissance musical instrument of the woodwind family made in Europe from the 12th century until the 17th century. It was developed from the oriental zurna and is the predecessor of the modern oboe. The body of the shawm was usually turned from a single piece of wood,...
, or pifferoPifferoThe piffero or piffaro is a double reed musical instrument with a conical bore, of the oboe family.It is used to play music in the tradition of the quattro province, an area of mountains and valleys in the north-west Italian Apennines which includes parts of the four provinces of Alessandria,...
. - MüsaMüsaThe müsa, or müsa appenninica, is a bagpipe from the Apennines of north-west Italy which was commonly used to accompany the piffero in the folk music of the Quattro Province: the ‘Four Provinces’ of...
: played in Pavia, Alessandria, Genova and Piacenza. - BaghètBaghètThe baghèt is a bagpipe originating in the Middle Ages in Bergamo and Brescia, modern Italy.Its existence is attested by the end of 14th century in a fresco in the castle of Bianzano. Other representations are Malpaga Castle in Piario in the church of St...
: similar to the piva, played in the region of BergamoBergamoBergamo is a town and comune in Lombardy, Italy, about 40 km northeast of Milan. The comune is home to over 120,000 inhabitants. It is served by the Orio al Serio Airport, which also serves the Province of Bergamo, and to a lesser extent the metropolitan area of Milan... - SurdelinaSurdelinaThe surdelina or sampogna is described and illustrated by Mersenne as the musette de Naples; its construction was very complicated. Mersenne states that the instrument was invented by Jean Baptiste Riva , Dom Julio and Vincenze; but Mersenne seems to have made alterations himself in the original...
, a double-chantered, bellows-blown pipe from Naples, with keys on both chanters and drones
Malta
- ŻaqqZaqqThe żaqq is the most common form of Maltese bagpipes. The instrument was once associated with Maltese folk-festivals.-Description:...
(with definite articleArticle (grammar)An article is a word that combines with a noun to indicate the type of reference being made by the noun. Articles specify the grammatical definiteness of the noun, in some languages extending to volume or numerical scope. The articles in the English language are the and a/an, and some...
: iż-żaqq): The most common form of MalteseMaltaMalta , officially known as the Republic of Malta , is a Southern European country consisting of an archipelago situated in the centre of the Mediterranean, south of Sicily, east of Tunisia and north of Libya, with Gibraltar to the west and Alexandria to the east.Malta covers just over in...
bagipes. A double-chantered, single-reed, droneless hornpipe. - Qrajna: a smaller Maltese bagpipe
Greece
- AskomandouraAskomandouraThe askomandoura is a type of bagpipe played as a traditional instrument on the Greek island of Crete, similar to the tsampouna.Its use in Crete is attested in illustrations from the mid-15th Century.-External links:**...
: bagpipe used in CreteCreteCrete is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, and one of the thirteen administrative regions of Greece. It forms a significant part of the economy and cultural heritage of Greece while retaining its own local cultural traits...
photo - TsampounaTsampounaTsampouna is a Greek folk instrument. It belongs to woodwind instruments.The sound produced by the blowing through of the mouthpiece, channeling the air to the bag and placing the appropriate finger in lumens....
: Greek Islands bagpipe with a double chanter, no drone and a bag made from an entire goatskin. Pronounced "saw-bow-nah". (Alternately tsambouna, tsabouna, etc.) - GaidaGaidaThe gaida is a musical instrument, aerophone, using enclosed reeds fed from a constant reservoir of air in the form of a bag.The gaida, and its variations, is a traditional musical instrument for entire Europe, Northern Africa and the Middle East....
: ThraceThraceThrace is a historical and geographic area in southeast Europe. As a geographical concept, Thrace designates a region bounded by the Balkan Mountains on the north, Rhodope Mountains and the Aegean Sea on the south, and by the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara on the east...
.
Northern Europe
Sweden
- SäckpipaSwedish bagpipesSwedish bagpipes are a variety of bagpipes from Sweden. The term itself generically translates to "bagpipes" in Swedish, but is used in English to describe the specifically Swedish bagpipe from the Dalarna region.-History:...
: Also the SwedishSwedenSweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
word for "bagpipe" in general; the surviving sackpipa of the DalarnaDalarna', English exonym: Dalecarlia, is a historical province or landskap in central Sweden. Another English language form established in literature is the Dales. Places involving the element Dalecarlia exist in the United States....
region was on the brink of extinction in the first half of the 20th century. It has a cylindrical bore and a single reed, as well as a single drone at the same pitch as the bottom note of the chanter.
Finland
- SäkkipilliSäkkipilliSäkkipilli is the generic Finnish term for bagpipes, but is also applied to the formerly extinct traditional Finnish bagpipes which are currently being revived.-History:...
: The Finnish bagpipes died out but have been revived since the late 20th century by musicians such as Petri Prauda. - PilaiPilaiThe pilai is a type of Finnish bagpipe, described as "primitive", and as being similar to the Russian volynka. A 1796 texts describes it as "the last of the Russian wind instruments" but noted it "appertains properly to the Finns"...
: a Finnish bagpipe, described in 18th century texts as similar to the Ukrainian volynka.
Sápmi (Lapland)
- WalpipeWalpipeThe walpipe is a type of bagpipe found historically in Lapland , a region of northern Scandinavia inhabited by the Sami people....
, a Sami (Lapp) bagpipe. The sak-pipe is also identified as a second type of Sami pipe/
Estonia
- TorupillTorupillThe torupill is a type of bagpipe from Estonia.-Place in Estonian folk music:It is not clear when the bagpipe became established in Estonia...
: an EstoniaEstoniaEstonia , officially the Republic of Estonia , is a state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia , and to the east by Lake Peipsi and the Russian Federation . Across the Baltic Sea lies...
n bagpipe with one single-reeded chanter and 1-3 drones.MP3
Lithuania
- DudmaisisDūdmaišisThe dudmaisis is a Lithuanian bagpipe with a single chanter and drone....
, or murenka, kūlinė, Labanoro dūda. A bagpipe native to Lithuania, with single reed chanter and one drone.http://dudmaisis.lt/en/index.php
Eastern Europe
- Dudy (also known by the German name Bock): CzechCzech RepublicThe Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
bellows-blown bagpipe with a long, crooked drone and chanter (usually with wooden billy-goat head) that curves up at the end. - Dudy or kozoł (Lower Sorbian kózoł) are large types of bagpipes (in E flat) played among the (originally) SlavicSorbian languagesThe Sorbian languages are classified under the Slavic branch of the Indo-European languages. They are the native languages of the Sorbs, a Slavic minority in the Lusatia region of eastern Germany. Historically the language has also been known as Wendish or Lusatian. Their collective ISO 639-2 code...
-speaking SorbsSorbsSorbs are a Western Slavic people of Central Europe living predominantly in Lusatia, a region on the territory of Germany and Poland. In Germany they live in the states of Brandenburg and Saxony. They speak the Sorbian languages - closely related to Polish and Czech - officially recognized and...
of Eastern GermanyGermanyGermany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
, near the borders with both PolandPolandPoland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
and the Czech RepublicCzech RepublicThe Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
; smaller Sorbian types are called dudki or měchawa (in F). Yet smaller is the měchawka (in A, Am) known in German as Dreibrümmchen. The dudy/kozoł has a bent drone pipe that is hung across the player’s shoulder, and the chanter tends to be curved as well. - CimpoiCimpoiCimpoi, the Romanian bagpipe, has a single drone and straight bore chanter and is less strident than its Balkan relatives.The number of finger holes varies from five to eight and there are two types of cimpoi with a double chanter. The bag is often covered with embroidered cloth...
is the name for the RomaniaRomaniaRomania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
n bagpipes. Two main categories of bagpipes were used in Romania: with a double chanter and with a single chanter. Both have a single drone and straight bore chanter and is less strident than its Balkan relatives. - Magyar duda or HungarianHungaryHungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
duda (also known as tömlősíp, bőrduda and CroatiaCroatiaCroatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
n duda) has a double chanter (two parallel bores in a single stick of wood, Croatian versions have three or four) with single reeds and a bass drone. It is typical of a large group of pipes played in the Carpathian Basin.
Poland
- Dudy is the generic term for Polish bagpipes, though since the 19th century they are usually referred to as kobza due to the confusion with kozaKozaA Koza is a Polish bagpipe.The Polish pipes are more related in appearance to some old German pipes. It uses a large goatskin bag and a single reed chanter, cylindrical bore and deep pitch, with a large horn and brass bell at the end. The bass drone typically has the same bell. It is usually...
and the relative obscurity of kobzaKobzaThe kobza is a Ukrainian folk music instrument of the lute family , a relative of the Central European mandora...
proper in Poland. They are used in folk music of PodhalePodhaleThe Podhale is Poland's most southern region, sometimes referred to as the "Polish highlands". The Podhale is located in the foothills of the Tatra range of the Carpathian mountains, and is characterized by a rich tradition of folklore that is much romanticized in the Polish patriotic imagination...
(kozaKozaA Koza is a Polish bagpipe.The Polish pipes are more related in appearance to some old German pipes. It uses a large goatskin bag and a single reed chanter, cylindrical bore and deep pitch, with a large horn and brass bell at the end. The bass drone typically has the same bell. It is usually...
), Żywiec BeskidsZywiec BeskidsThe Żywiec Beskids is a mountain range in the Outer Eastern Carpathians in southern Poland. It is the second highest range in Poland, after the Tatra Mountains. The highest peak is Babia Góra and Pilsko .- References :...
and Cieszyn SilesiaCieszyn SilesiaCieszyn Silesia or Těšín Silesia or Teschen Silesia is a historical region in south-eastern Silesia, centered around the towns of Cieszyn and Český Těšín and bisected by the Olza River. Since 1920 it has been divided between Poland and Czechoslovakia, and later the Czech Republic...
(dudy and gajdy), and mostly in Greater PolandGreater PolandGreater Poland or Great Poland, often known by its Polish name Wielkopolska is a historical region of west-central Poland. Its chief city is Poznań.The boundaries of Greater Poland have varied somewhat throughout history...
, where there are four types of bagpipes:- Dudy wielkopolskie, "Greater Polish bagpipes", with two subtypes: RawiczRawiczRawicz is a town in central Poland with 21,398 inhabitants . It is situated in the Greater Poland Voivodeship ; previously it was in Leszno Voivodeship . It is the capital of Rawicz County.-History:...
-GostyńGostynGostyń is a town in Greater Poland Voivodeship , in Gostyń County. According to 30 June 2004 data its population was 20,746.-Geography:Gostyń is located at 17°01' East and 51°53' North....
and KościanKoscianKościan is a town on the Obra canal in west-central Poland, with a population of 24 059 inhabitants in June 2009. Situated in the Greater Poland Voivodeship , previously in Leszno Voivodeship , it is the capital of Kościan County...
-BukBukBuk is a town in central Poland, situated in the Greater Poland Voivodeship , previously in Poznań Voivodeship .The town's name means "Beech" in Polish, and the flag of the town shows a branch of beech, and three beech leaves....
; - Kozioł biały (weselny), "white (wedding) buck (used during wesele, the lay part of the wedding)";
- Kozioł czarny ((do)ślubny), "black (wedding) buck (used during ślub, the religious part of the wedding)";
- Sierszeńki, "hornets", a bladder pipe used as a goose (practice pipes).
- Dudy wielkopolskie, "Greater Polish bagpipes", with two subtypes: Rawicz
The Balkans
- GaidaGaidaThe gaida is a musical instrument, aerophone, using enclosed reeds fed from a constant reservoir of air in the form of a bag.The gaida, and its variations, is a traditional musical instrument for entire Europe, Northern Africa and the Middle East....
(also the large kaba gaidaKaba gaidaThe kaba gaida is a Bulgarian musical bagpipe instrument similar to the gaida. It is larger and lower pitched than the typical gaida. It is native to the Rhodope Mountains of Bulgaria.The most common drone tone on a kaba gaida is G.-References:***...
from the Rhodope MountainsRhodope MountainsThe Rhodopes are a mountain range in Southeastern Europe, with over 83% of its area in southern Bulgaria and the remainder in Greece. Its highest peak, Golyam Perelik , is the seventh highest Bulgarian mountain...
in BulgariaBulgariaBulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east...
): Southern Balkan (i.e. BulgariaBulgariaBulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east...
n and MacedonianRepublic of MacedoniaMacedonia , officially the Republic of Macedonia , is a country located in the central Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. It is one of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, from which it declared independence in 1991...
) and GreekGreeceGreece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe....
and AlbaniaAlbaniaAlbania , officially known as the Republic of Albania , is a country in Southeastern Europe, in the Balkans region. It is bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, the Republic of Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south and southeast. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea...
n bagpipe with one drone and one chanter - Istarski mihIstarski mihIstarski mih is a bagpipe native to the regions of Istria and Kvarner, now in Croatia. It consists of a bag made most often from goat skin and a double-chanter with two single reeds. This type of bagpipe is distinct in that it has no drones, but a double-chanter with finger-holes on both bores,...
(Piva d'Istria): a double chantered, droneless CroatiaCroatiaCroatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
n bagpipe whose side by side chanters are cut from a single rectangular piece of wood. They are typically single reed instruments, using the Istrian scaleIstrian scaleThe Istrian scale is a distinct hexatonic musical scale in the regions of Istria and Kvarner in Croatia. It is used in Istrian and Kvarnerian folk music. The scale could approximately be notated as: E-F-G-Ab-Bb-Cb- See also :* Music of Croatia...
. - GajdyGajdyGajdy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zalewo, within Iława County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately north-west of Zalewo, north of Iława, and west of the regional capital Olsztyn.The village has a population of 127.-References:...
or gajde: the name for various bagpipes of Eastern Europe, found in PolandPolandPoland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
, SerbiaSerbiaSerbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...
, SlovakiaSlovakiaThe Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...
, and CroatiaCroatiaCroatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
. - DudaDudaThe Magyar duda—Hungarian duda— is the traditional bagpipe of Hungary. It is an example of a group of bagpipes called Medio-Carparthian bagpipes....
, used in some parts of Croatia
Ukraine
- VolynkaVolynkaVolyňka is a river in the Czech Republic in the South Bohemian Region rising on the hill called Světlá hora and flowing 46.1 km northeast to city of Strakonice, where merging in Otava River. Volyňka flows through towns such Vimperk, Volyně, Strakonice. and villages such as Lčovice and Čkyně. -...
is a UkrainianUkrainianUkrainian may refer to:* Something of, from, or related to Ukraine* The Ukrainians, people from Ukraine or of Ukrainian descent.* Something relating to Ukrainian culture....
bagpipe. Its etymology comes from the region in which it was most popular Volhyn in UkraineUkraineUkraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
.
Finno-Ugric Russia
- ShyuvrShyuvrThe shyuvr or shuvyr is a type of bagpipe of the Mari people, a Volga-Finnic people living in the Mari El Republic of central-western Russia. It is described as small bagpipe, consisting of a bag, a bone blowpipe, and two tubs of tin joined by a wooden sheath...
, a bagpipe of the Volga-Finnic Mari people - ShaparShaparThe shapar is a type of bagpipe of the Chuvash people of the Volga Region of Russia. The bag is usually made of a bladder; the pipe has a double-chanter bored into a single block of wood. The pipes were, until recently, played for weddings....
, a bagpipe of the ChuvashChuvashChuvash may refer to:*Chuvash people*Chuvash language*Chuvashia, a republic in Russia*Çuvaş, Azerbaijan...
people of the Volga region - PuvamaPuvamaThe puvama is a type of bagpipe of the Mordvin people of Mordovia, in the eastern part of the East European Plain of Russia....
, a bagpipe of the Morvdin people
Turkey
- DankiyoDankiyoDankiyo , is an ancient word from the text of Evliya Çelebi Dankiyo (from ancient Greek: angion (Τὸ ἀγγεῖον)), is an ancient word from the text of Evliya Çelebi Dankiyo (from ancient Greek: angion (Τὸ ἀγγεῖον)), is an ancient word from the text of Evliya Çelebi (17th century, Ottoman Era "The Laz's...
: A word of GreekPontic languagePontic Greek is a form of the Greek language originally spoken in the Pontus area on the southern shores of the Black Sea, northeastern Anatolia, Eastern Turkish/Caucasus province of Kars, southern Georgia, and today mainly in northern Greece...
origin for "bagpipe" used in the Trabzon ProvinceTrabzon ProvinceTrabzon Province is a province of Turkey on the Black Sea coast. Located in a strategically important region, Trabzon is one of the oldest trade port cities in Anatolia. Neighbouring provinces are Giresun to the west, Gümüşhane to the southwest, Bayburt to the southeast and Rize to the east. The...
of Turkey. - TulumTulum (bagpipe)The tulum is a musical instrument, a form of bagpipe from Turkey. It is droneless with two parallel chanters, usually played by the Laz, Hamsheni people, and Pontic Greeks...
or GudaTulum (bagpipe)The tulum is a musical instrument, a form of bagpipe from Turkey. It is droneless with two parallel chanters, usually played by the Laz, Hamsheni people, and Pontic Greeks...
: double-chantered, droneless bagpipe of RizeRizeRize is the capital of Rize Province, in northeast Turkey, on the Black Sea coast.-Etymology:The name comes from Greek or Ριζαίον , meaning "mountain slopes". In modern times, its name in Greek was usually Ριζούντα . Its Latin forms are Rhizus and Rhizaeum...
and ArtvinArtvin-History:See Artvin Province for the history of the region.-Places of interest:* Artvin or Livana castle, built in 937There are a number of Ottoman Empire houses and public buildings including:* Salih Bey mosque, built in 1792...
provinces of Turkey. Usually played by the LazLaz peopleThe Laz are an ethnic group native to the Black Sea coastal regions of Turkey and Georgia...
and HamsheniHamshenisThe Hemshin Peoples or Hemshinli are a diverse group of people who in the past history or present have been affiliated with the Hemşin district in the province of Rize, Turkey. They are called as Hemshinli , Hamshenis, Homshentsi meaning resident of Hemshin in the relevant language...
people. - GaidaGaidaThe gaida is a musical instrument, aerophone, using enclosed reeds fed from a constant reservoir of air in the form of a bag.The gaida, and its variations, is a traditional musical instrument for entire Europe, Northern Africa and the Middle East....
: Usually played by Thracians, Turks, and PomaksPomaksPomaks is a term used for a Slavic Muslim population native to some parts of Bulgaria, Turkey, Greece, the Republic of Macedonia, Albania and Kosovo. The Pomaks speak Bulgarian as their native language, also referred to in Greece and Turkey as Pomak language, and some are fluent in Turkish,...
in Turkey.
The Caucasus
- ParkapzukParkapzukThe parkapzuk is a droneless, horn-belled bagpipe played in Armenia. The double-chanters each have six finger-holes, but the chanters are tuned slightly apart, giving a "beat" as the soundwaves of each interfere, resulting in a penetrating tone...
: A droneless horn-tipped bagpipe played in ArmeniaArmeniaArmenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia... - GudastviriGudastviriThe gudastviri is a droneless, double-chantered, horn-belled bagpipe played in Georgia. The term comes from the words guda and stviri...
: A double-chantered horn-tipped bagpipe played in GeorgiaGeorgia (country)Georgia is a sovereign state in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the southwest by Turkey, to the south by Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. The capital of...
. Also called a chiboni or stviri. - Zunnifis, a Georgian bagpipe
- TulumTulum (bagpipe)The tulum is a musical instrument, a form of bagpipe from Turkey. It is droneless with two parallel chanters, usually played by the Laz, Hamsheni people, and Pontic Greeks...
: Native to AzerbaijanAzerbaijanAzerbaijan , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan is the largest country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to...
. - KarkmKarkmThe karkm is, or was, a type of bagpipe played by the Turkmen people, at least in the late 18th and early 19th century. The name is believed derived from the word for "lance reed", a material also used to make bagpies in Hatay . The scholar Yalgin noted that the Turkmen believe it was they who...
, a Turkmen bagpipe
Iran
- Ney anbanNey anbanNey-anbān , is a type of bagpipe which is popular in southern Iran, specially around Bushehr. The term ney-anban literally means "bag pipe", but more specifically can refer to a type of droneless double-chantered bagpipes played in Southern Iran...
(PersianPersian languagePersian is an Iranian language within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages. It is primarily spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and countries which historically came under Persian influence...
: نی انبان): a droneless double-chantered pipe played in Southern IranIranIran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
Arab states of the Persian Gulf
- HabbānHabbanThe habbān is a type of bagpipe used in the southern coast of Persian Gulf. The term ḥabbān is one of several Arabic terms for the bagpipes. The term may be drawn from Hanbān , the Persian word for "bag."...
(Arabic: حبان): a generic term covering several types of bapipes, including traditional BedouinBedouinThe Bedouin are a part of a predominantly desert-dwelling Arab ethnic group traditionally divided into tribes or clans, known in Arabic as ..-Etymology:...
bagpipes in KuwaitKuwaitThe State of Kuwait is a sovereign Arab state situated in the north-east of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south at Khafji, and Iraq to the north at Basra. It lies on the north-western shore of the Persian Gulf. The name Kuwait is derived from the...
, and a modern version of the Great Highland BagpipeGreat Highland BagpipeThe Great Highland Bagpipe is a type of bagpipe native to Scotland. It has achieved widespread recognition through its usage in the British military and in pipe bands throughout the world. It is closely related to the Great Irish Warpipes....
s played in OmanOmanOman , officially called the Sultanate of Oman , is an Arab state in southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by the United Arab Emirates to the northwest, Saudi Arabia to the west, and Yemen to the southwest. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the...
. - JirbaJirbaThe jirba is a droneless, single-reed, double-chantered bagpipe played on Bahrain, particularly by ethnic Iranians, as well as on the Kuwaiti island of Faylaka....
(قربة): a type of double-chantered droneless bagpipe, primarily played by the ethnic Iranian minority of BahrainBahrain' , officially the Kingdom of Bahrain , is a small island state near the western shores of the Persian Gulf. It is ruled by the Al Khalifa royal family. The population in 2010 stood at 1,214,705, including 235,108 non-nationals. Formerly an emirate, Bahrain was declared a kingdom in 2002.Bahrain is...
. - Demam, a Gulf bagpipe
Libya
- ZukraZukraThe zukra is a Libyan bagpipe with a double-chanter terminating in two cow horns; it is similar in construction to the Tunisian mizwad....
: famous in Libya bagpipe with a double-chanter terminating in two cow horns.
Tunisia
- MizwadMizwadThe mizwad is a type of bagpipes played in Tunisia...
: TunisiaTunisiaTunisia , officially the Tunisian RepublicThe long name of Tunisia in other languages used in the country is: , is the northernmost country in Africa. It is a Maghreb country and is bordered by Algeria to the west, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Its area...
n bagpipe with a double-chanter terminating in two cow horns.
Algeria
- Ghaita (غيطه): a type of bagpipe played in Algeria.
- TadghtitaTadghtitaThe tadghtita is a type of bagpipe played by the Berber people of Algeria....
, a Berber bagpipe
South Asia
India
- MashakMashakThe mashak is a type of bagpipe found in Northern India and parts of Pakistan and Afghanistan. The pipe was associated with weddings and festive occasions. In India it is historically found in Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh...
, a bagpipe of Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, and Uttar Pradesh in northern India. The term is also used for the Highland pipes which have displaced the traditional bagpipe over time, such as the masak-been (KumaoniKumaoniFor the people of Kumaon see Kumauni PeopleThe Kumaoni are a people of the Kumaon Division of Uttarakhand, a region in the Indian Himalayas...
: मसकबीन): of the Kumaon Division. - Titti (bagpipe)Titti (bagpipe)The titti is a type of bagpipe played in Andhra Pradesh, India, made from an entire goat-skin. The instrument is described as a goatskin with a double-reed inserted into one leg, and a bamboo blowpipe into the other...
, a Telugu bagpipe of Adhra Pradesh - Sruti upangaSruti upangaThe sruti upanga is a type of bagpipe played in Tamil Nadu, southern India...
, a bagpipe of Tamil Nadu primarily used for drone accompaniment