Adapter molecule crk also known as proto-oncogene c-Crk or p38 is a protein

Protein

Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...

 that in humans is encoded by the CRK gene

Gene

A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...

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Function

Adapter molecule crk is a member of an adapter protein family that binds to several tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins. This protein has several SH2

SH2 domain

The SH2 domain is a structurally conserved protein domain contained within the Src oncoprotein and in many other intracellular signal-transducing proteins...

 and SH3

SH3 domain

The SRC Homology 3 Domain is a small protein domain of about 60 amino acids residues first identified as a conserved sequence in the viral adaptor protein v-Crk and the non-catalytic parts of enzymes such as phospholipase and several cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases such as Abl and Src...

 domains (src-homology domains) and is involved in several signaling pathways, recruiting cytoplasmic proteins in the vicinity of tyrosine kinase

Tyrosine kinase

A tyrosine kinase is an enzyme that can transfer a phosphate group from ATP to a protein in a cell. It functions as an "on" or "off" switch in many cellular functions....

 through SH2-phosphotyrosine interaction. The N-terminal SH2 domain of this protein functions as a positive regulator of transformation whereas the C-terminal SH3 domain functions as a negative regulator of transformation. Two alternative transcripts encoding different isoforms with distinct biological activity have been described.

Crk together with CrkL

CRKL

Crk-like protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CRKL gene.CrkL together with Crk participates in the Reelin signaling cascade downstream of DAB1.-Interactions:...

 participates in the Reelin

Reelin

Reelin is a large secreted extracellular matrix protein that helps regulate processes of neuronal migration and positioning in the developing brain by controlling cell–cell interactions. Besides this important role in early development, reelin continues to work in the adult brain. It modulates the...

 signaling cascade downstream of DAB1

DAB1

The Disabled-1 gene encodes a key regulator of Reelin signaling. Reelin is a large glycoprotein secreted by neurons of the developing brain, particularly Cajal-Retzius cells. DAB1 functions downstream of Reln in a signaling pathway...

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v-Crk, a transforming oncoprotein from avian sarcoma viruses, is a fusion of viral "gag" protein with the SH2 and SH3 domains of cellular Crk.

Crk should not be confused with Src

Src (gene)

Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SRC gene.Src is a proto-oncogene encoding a tyrosine kinase originally discovered by J. Michael Bishop and Harold E. Varmus, for which they won the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. It belongs to a...

, which also has cellular (c-Src) and viral (v-Src) forms and is involved in some of the same signaling pathways but is a protein tyrosine-kinase.

Interactions

CRK (gene) has been shown to interact

Protein-protein interaction

Protein–protein interactions occur when two or more proteins bind together, often to carry out their biological function. Many of the most important molecular processes in the cell such as DNA replication are carried out by large molecular machines that are built from a large number of protein...

 with Grb2

Grb2

Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 also known as Grb2 is an adaptor protein involved in signal transduction/cell communication. In humans, the GRB2 protein is encoded by the GRB2 gene....

, MAP4K1

MAP4K1

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 1 is a protein kinase that in humans is encoded by the MAP4K1 gene.. It is also known as HPK1 .-Interactions:...

, RAPGEF1

RAPGEF1

Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAPGEF1 gene.-Interactions:RAPGEF1 has been shown to interact with BCAR1, Grb2, HCK, CRKL and CRK.-External links:* Info with links in the...

, BCAR1

BCAR1

Breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BCAR1 gene.-External links:* Info with links in the...

, Epidermal growth factor receptor

Epidermal growth factor receptor

The epidermal growth factor receptor is the cell-surface receptor for members of the epidermal growth factor family of extracellular protein ligands...

, PDGFRB

PDGFRB

Beta-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PDGFRB gene.-Interactions:PDGFRB has been shown to interact with PTPN11, NCK1, Grb2, Caveolin 1, PDGFRA, Sodium-hydrogen antiporter 3 regulator 1, RAS p21 protein activator 1, CRK, SHC1 and...

, PTK2

PTK2

PTK2 protein tyrosine kinase 2 , also known as Focal Adhesion Kinase , is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the PTK2 gene. PTK2 is a focal adhesion-associated protein kinase involved in cellular adhesion and spreading processes...

, PDGFRA

PDGFRA

Alpha-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PDGFRA gene.-Interactions:PDGFRA has been shown to interact with PDGFRB, PLCG1, Sodium-hydrogen antiporter 3 regulator 1, Cbl gene, CRK, Caveolin 1 and PDGFC.-Further reading:...

, RICS

RICS (gene)

Rho GTPase-activating protein 32 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RICS gene. RICS has two known isoforms, RICS that are expressed primarily at neurite growth cones, and at the post synaptic membranes, and PX-RICS which is more widely expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi...

, Cbl gene

Cbl gene

Cbl is a mammalian gene encoding several proteins including E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CBL involved in cell signalling and protein ubiquitination...

, MAPK8

MAPK8

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPK8 gene.-Interactions:MAPK8 has been shown to interact with SPIB, DUSP1, Activating transcription factor 2, SH3BP5, GSTP1, MAPK8IP1, MAP2K7, CRK, MAP2K4, DUSP22, Myc, MAP3K2, DUSP10, REL, MAPK8IP3, IRS1, MAP3K1 and...

, EPS15

EPS15

Epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EPS15 gene.-Interactions:EPS15 has been shown to interact with REPS2, HGS, EPN1, CRK and HRB.-Further reading:...

, SOS1

SOS1

Son of sevenless homolog 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SOS1 gene.Recent studies also show that mutations in Sos1 can cause Noonan syndrome and hereditary gingival fibromatosis type 1. Noonan syndrome has also been shown to be caused by mutations in KRAS and PTPN11 genes...

, Dock180, SH3KBP1

SH3KBP1

SH3 domain-containing kinase-binding protein 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SH3KBP1 gene.-Interactions:SH3KBP1 has been shown to interact with B-cell linker, Grb2, SH3GLB2, SH3GL3, SH3GL2, BCAR1, Epidermal growth factor receptor, CBLB, Cbl gene, SOS1, CRK and PAK2.-Further reading:...

, NEDD9

NEDD9

Enhancer of filamentation 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NEDD9 gene.-Interactions:NEDD9 has been shown to interact with ID2, LYN, NCK1, MICAL1, CDH1, Abl gene, PTK2, CRKL, CRK and Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3....

, Paxillin

Paxillin

Paxillin is a signal transduction adaptor protein discovered in 1990 in the laboratory of Keith Burridge and should not be confused with the neurotoxin paxilline. The C-terminal region of paxillin contains four LIM domains that target paxillin to focal adhesions, it is presumed through a direct...

 and IRS4

IRS4

Insulin receptor substrate 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRS4 gene.-Interactions:IRS4 has been shown to interact with CRK and NISCH.-Further reading:...

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Further reading

External links

• Crk Info with links in the Cell Migration Gateway