July 1960
Encyclopedia
January
January 1960
January – February – March.  – April – May – June – July – August – September  – October  – November – DecemberThe following events occurred in January 1960-January 1, 1960 :...

 – February
February 1960
January – February – March.  – April – May – June – July – August – September  – October  – November-DecemberThe following events occurred in February 1960.-February 1, 1960 :...

 – March
March 1960
January – February – March – April – May – June – July – August – September  – October  – November - DecemberThe following events occurred in March 1960.-March 1, 1960 :...

 – April
April 1960
January – February – March – April – May – June – July – August – September  – October  – November – DecemberThe following events occurred in April, 1960.-April 1, 1960 :...

 – May
May 1960
January – February – March – April – May – June – July – August – September – October – November – DecemberThe following events occurred in May 1960.-May 1, 1960 :...

 – June
June 1960
January – February – March – April – May  – June  – July – August – September – October – November – DecemberThe following events occurred in June, 1960.-June 1, 1960 :...

 – JulyAugust
August 1960
January – February – March – April – May – June – July – August – September – October – November – DecemberThe following events occurred in August 1960.-August 1, 1960 :...

 – September
September 1960
January – February – March – April – May – June – July – August – September – October – November – DecemberThe following events occurred in September 1960.-September 1, 1960 :...

  – October
October 1960
January – February – March – April – May – June – July – August – September – October – November – DecemberThe following events occurred in October 1960:-October 1, 1960 :...

  – November
November 1960
January – February – March – April – May – June – July – August – September – October – November – DecemberThe following events occurred in November 1960.-November 1, 1960 :...

 – December
December 1960
January – February – March – April – May – June – July – August – September – October – November – DecemberThe following events occurred in December 1960:-December 1, 1960 :...



The following events occurred in July
July
July is the seventh month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian Calendars and one of seven months with the length of 31 days. It is, on average, the warmest month in most of the Northern hemisphere and the coldest month in much of the Southern hemisphere...

 1960.

July 1, 1960 (Friday)

  • Ghana
    Ghana
    Ghana , officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country located in West Africa. It is bordered by Côte d'Ivoire to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, Togo to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea to the south...

     became a republic
    Republic
    A republic is a form of government in which the people, or some significant portion of them, have supreme control over the government and where offices of state are elected or chosen by elected people. In modern times, a common simplified definition of a republic is a government where the head of...

    , with Prime Minister Kwame Nkrumah
    Kwame Nkrumah
    Kwame Nkrumah was the leader of Ghana and its predecessor state, the Gold Coast, from 1952 to 1966. Overseeing the nation's independence from British colonial rule in 1957, Nkrumah was the first President of Ghana and the first Prime Minister of Ghana...

     as its first President
    President of Ghana
    The President of Ghana is the elected head of state and head of government of Ghana. Officially styled President of the Republic of Ghana and Commander-in-Chief of the Ghanaian Armed Forces. The current President of Ghana is Prof. John Atta Mills, who took office in January...

    . Formerly, the Earl of Listowel
    William Hare, 5th Earl of Listowel
    William Francis Hare, 5th Earl of Listowel GCMG, PC , styled Viscount Ennismore between 1924 and 1931, was a British peer and Labour politician...

     had served on behalf of Queen Elizabeth II as Governor-General of Ghana.
  • A Soviet
    Soviet Union
    The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

     MiG
    Mikoyan
    Russian Aircraft Corporation MiG , or RSK MiG, is a Russian joint stock company. Formerly Mikoyan-and-Gurevich Design Bureau , then simply Mikoyan, it is a military aircraft design bureau, primarily designing fighter aircraft...

     fighter north of Murmansk
    Murmansk
    Murmansk is a city and the administrative center of Murmansk Oblast, Russia. It serves as a seaport and is located in the extreme northwest part of Russia, on the Kola Bay, from the Barents Sea on the northern shore of the Kola Peninsula, not far from Russia's borders with Norway and Finland...

     in the Barents Sea
    Barents Sea
    The Barents Sea is a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean, located north of Norway and Russia. Known in the Middle Ages as the Murman Sea, the sea takes its current name from the Dutch navigator Willem Barents...

     shot down a 6-man RB-47
    B-47 Stratojet
    The Boeing Model 450 B-47 Stratojet was a long-range, six-engined, jet-powered medium bomber built to fly at high subsonic speeds and at high altitudes. It was primarily designed to drop nuclear bombs on the Soviet Union...

    . Two United States Air Force
    United States Air Force
    The United States Air Force is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the American uniformed services. Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on September 18, 1947 under the National Security Act of...

     officers, First Lts. John R. McKone and Freeman B. Olmstead, survived and were imprisoned in Moscow
    Moscow
    Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...

    's Lubyanka prison
    Lubyanka (KGB)
    The Lubyanka is the popular name for the headquarters of the KGB and affiliated prison on Lubyanka Square in Moscow. It is a large building with a facade of yellow brick, designed by Alexander V...

    . The Soviets announced the capture of the men ten days later. The men were finally released on January 25, 1961
    January 1961
    January – February – March.  – April – May – June – July – August – September  – October  – November – DecemberThe following events occurred in January 1961.-January 1, 1961 :...

    .
  • Italian Somaliland
    Somalia
    Somalia , officially the Somali Republic and formerly known as the Somali Democratic Republic under Socialist rule, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. Since the outbreak of the Somali Civil War in 1991 there has been no central government control over most of the country's territory...

     gained its independence from Italy, five days after British Somaliland
    British Somaliland
    British Somaliland was a British protectorate in the northern part of present-day Somalia. For much of its existence, British Somaliland was bordered by French Somaliland, Ethiopia, and Italian Somaliland. From 1940 to 1941, it was occupied by the Italians and was part of Italian East Africa...

    , and merged into the Somali Republic. Aden Abdullah Othman, leader of the Italian Somaliland legislature, was elected President, and Abdirashid Ali Shermake became Prime Minister.
  • In Canada, Status Indians were given the right to vote.

July 2, 1960 (Saturday)

  • A riot broke out during the Newport Jazz Festival
    Newport Jazz Festival
    The Newport Jazz Festival is a music festival held every summer in Newport, Rhode Island, USA. It was established in 1954 by socialite Elaine Lorillard, who, together with husband Louis Lorillard, financed the festival for many years. The couple hired jazz impresario George Wein to organize the...

     in Newport, Rhode Island
    Newport, Rhode Island
    Newport is a city on Aquidneck Island in Newport County, Rhode Island, United States, about south of Providence. Known as a New England summer resort and for the famous Newport Mansions, it is the home of Salve Regina University and Naval Station Newport which houses the United States Naval War...

    , after a crowd of about 3,000 people, mostly white, were angry about a lack of seating for the concerts. Order was not restored until three companies of the state National Guard were sent in.
  • Former U.S. President Harry S. Truman
    Harry S. Truman
    Harry S. Truman was the 33rd President of the United States . As President Franklin D. Roosevelt's third vice president and the 34th Vice President of the United States , he succeeded to the presidency on April 12, 1945, when President Roosevelt died less than three months after beginning his...

     said at a news conference in Independence, Missouri
    Independence, Missouri
    Independence is the fourth largest city in the U.S. state of Missouri, and is contained within the counties of Jackson and Clay. It is part of the Kansas City Metropolitan Area...

    , that Democratic Party frontrunner John F. Kennedy
    John F. Kennedy
    John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy , often referred to by his initials JFK, was the 35th President of the United States, serving from 1961 until his assassination in 1963....

     lacked the maturity to be President, and that Kennedy should decline the nomination. Kennedy responded two days later, saying "I have encountered and survived every kind of hazard and opposition, and I do not intned to withdraw my name now, on the eve of the convention."
  • Died: José Coll y Cuchí
    José Coll y Cuchí
    José Coll y Cuchi was a lawyer, writer and the founder of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party. He was a member of a prominent Puerto Rican family of politicians, educators and writers See: "Notable family members" section .-Early years:Coll y Cuchi was born in Arecibo, Puerto Rico...

    , 83, founder of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
    Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
    The Puerto Rican Nationalist Party was founded on September 17, 1922. Its main objective is to work for Puerto Rican Independence.In 1919, José Coll y Cuchí, a member of the Union Party of Puerto Rico, felt that the Union Party was not doing enough for the cause of Puerto Rican independence and he...


July 3, 1960 (Sunday)

  • The French Grand Prix
    1960 French Grand Prix
    The 1960 French Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Reims-Gueux on July 3, 1960.- Classification :-Standings after the race:Drivers' Championship standingsConstructors' Championship standings...

     was held at Reims-Gueux
    Reims-Gueux
    Reims-Gueux was a triangular motor racing road course near Reims, France, which hosted 14 French Grands Prix.Reims-Gueux was first established in 1926 on the public roads between the small French villages of Thillois and Gueux. The circuit had two very long straights between the towns, and teams...

     and won by Jack Brabham
    Jack Brabham
    Sir John Arthur "Jack" Brabham, AO, OBE is an Australian former racing driver who was Formula One champion in , and . He was a founder of the Brabham racing team and race car constructor that bore his name....

    .
  • A bolt of lightning struck a group of religious pilgrims as they carried a statue of the Virgin Mary to the summit of Mount Bisalta, near Cuneo
    Cuneo
    Cuneo is a city and comune in Piedmont, Northern Italy, the capital of the province of Cuneo, the third largest of Italy’s provinces by area...

     in Italy. Four were killed and 30 more injured.

July 4, 1960 (Monday)

  • For the first time, a 50-star flag of the United States
    Flag of the United States
    The national flag of the United States of America consists of thirteen equal horizontal stripes of red alternating with white, with a blue rectangle in the canton bearing fifty small, white, five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows of six stars alternating with rows...

     was hoisted, raised at (EDT), at the Fort McHenry National Mounument in Baltimore, and at the U.S. Capitol in Washington. At the time, there were only seven places in the United States where the national flag was permitted to be flown during hours of darkness.

July 5, 1960 (Tuesday)

  • Congo Crisis
    Congo Crisis
    The Congo Crisis was a period of turmoil in the First Republic of the Congo that began with national independence from Belgium and ended with the seizing of power by Joseph Mobutu...

    : The army in the newly independent Republic of Congo mutinied, after the Belgian commander, Lt. Gen. Émile Janssens, arrogantly denied their petition for higher pay. Europeans fled from the Léopoldville
    Kinshasa
    Kinshasa is the capital and largest city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The city is located on the Congo River....

     area to Brazzaville
    Brazzaville
    -Transport:The city is home to Maya-Maya Airport and a railway station on the Congo-Ocean Railway. It is also an important river port, with ferries sailing to Kinshasa and to Bangui via Impfondo...

     in French Congo.
  • Lyndon B. Johnson
    Lyndon B. Johnson
    Lyndon Baines Johnson , often referred to as LBJ, was the 36th President of the United States after his service as the 37th Vice President of the United States...

     of Texas, the U.S. Senate Majority Leader, announced that he would seek, and expected that he would receive, the presidential nomination at the upcoming Democratic National Convention
    Democratic National Convention
    The Democratic National Convention is a series of presidential nominating conventions held every four years since 1832 by the United States Democratic Party. They have been administered by the Democratic National Committee since the 1852 national convention...

    . Johnson asserted that front-runner John F. Kennedy
    John F. Kennedy
    John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy , often referred to by his initials JFK, was the 35th President of the United States, serving from 1961 until his assassination in 1963....

     had less than 600 of the required 701 delegates needed for a nomination, and that Johnson had at least 500. The only other candidate for the nomination was Senator Stuart Symington
    Stuart Symington
    William Stuart Symington was a businessman and political figure from Missouri. He served as the first Secretary of the Air Force from 1947 to 1950 and was a Democratic United States Senator from Missouri from 1953 to 1976.-Education and business career:...

    .

July 6, 1960 (Wednesday)

  • The United States cut its orders for sugar from Cuba
    Cuba
    The Republic of Cuba is an island nation in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos. Havana is the largest city in Cuba and the country's capital. Santiago de Cuba is the second largest city...

     by 95 percent, following a July 2 authorization by Congress giving President Eisenhower the power to decrease the quota of sugar purchases.
  • Eighteen men were killed in the crash of a U.S. Navy blimp off of the coast of Barnegat Light, New Jersey
    Barnegat Light, New Jersey
    Barnegat Light is a Borough in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States. As of the United States 2010 Census, the borough population was 574. The borough borders the Atlantic Ocean on Long Beach Island and is home to Barnegat Lighthouse....

    .
  • Bhumibol Adulyadej
    Bhumibol Adulyadej
    Bhumibol Adulyadej is the current King of Thailand. He is known as Rama IX...

    , King of Thailand, became the first monarch in history to ride on the New York Subway.
  • Died: Aneurin Bevan
    Aneurin Bevan
    Aneurin "Nye" Bevan was a British Labour Party politician who was the Deputy Leader of the Labour Party from 1959 until his death in 1960. The son of a coal miner, Bevan was a lifelong champion of social justice and the rights of working people...

    , 62, Welsh politician, British Minister of Health (1945–51), and chief architect of the UK's National Health Service
    National Health Service
    The National Health Service is the shared name of three of the four publicly funded healthcare systems in the United Kingdom. They provide a comprehensive range of health services, the vast majority of which are free at the point of use to residents of the United Kingdom...

    .

July 7, 1960 (Thursday)

  • Police fired on a crowd of Italian demonstrators in Reggio Emilia
    Reggio Emilia
    Reggio Emilia is an affluent city in northern Italy, in the Emilia-Romagna region. It has about 170,000 inhabitants and is the main comune of the Province of Reggio Emilia....

    , killing five people and injuring 30.
  • The Antarctica Service Medal
    Antarctica Service Medal
    The Antarctica Service Medal was established by the United States Congress on July 7, 1960 under Public Law 600 of the 86th Congress. The medal was intended as a military award to replace several commemorative awards which had been issued for previous Antarctica expeditions from 1928 to 1941...

     was established by the United States Congress
    United States Congress
    The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Congress meets in the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C....

     under Public Law 600 of the 86th Congress
    86th United States Congress
    The Eighty-sixth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1959 to January 3, 1961, during the last two years...

    .

July 8, 1960 (Friday)

  • The Havana Sugar Kings
    Havana Sugar Kings
    The Havana Sugar Kings were a Cuban-based minor league baseball team that played in the Class AAA International League from 1954 to 1960 . They were affiliated with Major League Baseball's Cincinnati Reds, and their home stadium was El Gran Estadio del Cerro in Havana, Cuba.-History:The Sugar...

     minor league baseball team, part of the AAA International League
    International League
    The International League is a minor league baseball league that operates in the eastern United States. Like the Pacific Coast League and the Mexican League, it plays at the Triple-A level, which is one step below Major League Baseball. It was so named because it had teams in both the United States...

    , were ordered moved to Jersey City, New Jersey
    Jersey City, New Jersey
    Jersey City is the seat of Hudson County, New Jersey, United States.Part of the New York metropolitan area, Jersey City lies between the Hudson River and Upper New York Bay across from Lower Manhattan and the Hackensack River and Newark Bay...

    , by IL Commissioner Frank Shaughnessy
    Frank Shaughnessy
    Francis Joseph "Shag" Shaughnessy was an American athlete and sports executive. Shaughnessy played both baseball and football and was an executive in baseball, football and ice hockey. He was born in the United States and moved to Canada in the 1910s, where he was involved with football and ice...

    . "International League Pulls Havana Out of Circuit", The Morning Herald (Hagerstown, MD), July 9, 1960, p13
  • Born: Mal Meninga
    Mal Meninga
    Malcolm Norman Meninga AM is an Australian former rugby league test captain and current coach of Queensland's State of Origin team. As a player he was a legendary goal-kicking centre, counted amongst the finest footballers of the 20th century...

    , Australian Rugby League player, in Bundaberg, Queensland
    Queensland
    Queensland is a state of Australia, occupying the north-eastern section of the mainland continent. It is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Australia and New South Wales to the west, south-west and south respectively. To the east, Queensland is bordered by the Coral Sea and Pacific Ocean...

  • Died: Werner Meyer-Eppler
    Werner Meyer-Eppler
    Werner Meyer-Eppler , was a German physicist, experimental acoustician, phoneticist, and information theorist....

    , 47, German physicist and pioneer in electronic speech synthesis.

July 9, 1960 (Saturday)

  • Rodger Woodward, a seven year old boy, became the first person known to survive an accidental plunge over Niagara Falls
    Niagara Falls
    The Niagara Falls, located on the Niagara River draining Lake Erie into Lake Ontario, is the collective name for the Horseshoe Falls and the adjacent American Falls along with the comparatively small Bridal Veil Falls, which combined form the highest flow rate of any waterfalls in the world and has...

    . Roger had been a passenger in a boat on the Niagara River
    Niagara River
    The Niagara River flows north from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario. It forms part of the border between the Province of Ontario in Canada and New York State in the United States. There are differing theories as to the origin of the name of the river...

    , when the outboard motor failed. He fell 165 feet over the Falls, but sustained only minor bruises and a cut, and was released from a hospital two days later.
  • Congo Crisis
    Congo Crisis
    The Congo Crisis was a period of turmoil in the First Republic of the Congo that began with national independence from Belgium and ended with the seizing of power by Joseph Mobutu...

    : The Belgian national airline Sabena
    Sabena
    SABENA was the national airline of Belgium from 1923 to 2001, with its base at Brussels National Airport. After its bankruptcy in 2001, the newly formed SN Brussels Airlines took over part of SABENA's assets in February 2002, which then became Brussels Airlines...

     began airlifting Belgian citizens out of the Congo
    Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)
    The Republic of the Congo was an independent republic established following the independence granted to the former colony of the Belgian Congo in 1960...

    . Over the next three weeks, 25,711 flew home.
  • The nuclear submarine USS Thresher
    USS Thresher (SSN-593)
    The second USS Thresher was the lead ship of her class of nuclear-powered attack submarines in the United States Navy. Her loss at sea during deep-diving tests in 1963 is often considered a watershed event in the implementation of the rigorous submarine safety program SUBSAFE.The contract to build...

     was launched. It would be lost in 1963.

July 10, 1960 (Sunday)

  • In Paris
    Paris
    Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...

    , the Soviet Union
    USSR national football team
    The Soviet Union National Football Team was the national football team of the Soviet Union. It ceased to exist after the break up of the Union...

     beat Yugoslavia
    Yugoslavia national football team
    The Yugoslavia national football team represented the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in association football. It enjoyed a modicum of success in international competition. In 1992, during the Yugoslav wars, the team was suspended from international...

     in extra time on Viktor Ponedelnik
    Viktor Ponedelnik
    Viktor Vladimirovich Ponedelnik is a former Soviet football player, regarded as one of the best strikers in Soviet football history....

    's goal, to win the first UEFA European Football Championship
    1960 European Nations' Cup Final
    The 1960 European Nations' Cup Final was the final match of the 1960 European Nations' Cup, the first UEFA European Football Championship, UEFA's top football competition for national teams...

    , 2–1.
  • The Eritrean Liberation Front
    Eritrean Liberation Front
    The Eritrean Liberation Front was the main independence movement in Eritrea which sought Eritrea's independence from Ethiopia during the 1960s and 1970s. In the very late 1950s unorganized political movement seeking independence was secretly active as small cells...

     was founded, with the goal of liberating Eritrea
    Eritrea
    Eritrea , officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa. Eritrea derives it's name from the Greek word Erethria, meaning 'red land'. The capital is Asmara. It is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast...

     from the rule of Ethiopia
    Ethiopia
    Ethiopia , officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is the second-most populous nation in Africa, with over 82 million inhabitants, and the tenth-largest by area, occupying 1,100,000 km2...

    .
  • Born: Leandro Alejandro
    Leandro Alejandro
    Leandro Legara Alejandro , known among activists and street parliamentarians as Lean, was an activist, a student leader, and a Left-wing nationalist in the mold of Lorenzo Tañada, Jose Diokno, and Ninoy Aquino....

    , Filipino nationalist leader (d. 1987)

July 11, 1960 (Monday)

  • Congo Crisis
    Congo Crisis
    The Congo Crisis was a period of turmoil in the First Republic of the Congo that began with national independence from Belgium and ended with the seizing of power by Joseph Mobutu...

    : Moise Tshombe
    Moise Tshombe
    Moïse Kapenda Tshombe was a Congolese politician.- Biography :He was the son of a successful Congolese businessman and was born in Musumba, Congo. He received his education from an American missionary school and later trained as an accountant...

     declared the Congolese province of Katanga
    State of Katanga
    Katanga was a breakaway state proclaimed on 11 July 1960 separating itself from the newly independent Democratic Republic of the Congo. In revolt against the new government of Patrice Lumumba in July, Katanga declared independence under Moise Tshombe, leader of the local CONAKAT party...

     independent, and, taking advantage of the Congo's dismissal of Belgian officers from the Congolese Army, asked for military aid from Belgium. The Congo's Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba
    Patrice Lumumba
    Patrice Émery Lumumba was a Congolese independence leader and the first legally elected Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo after he helped win its independence from Belgium in June 1960. Only ten weeks later, Lumumba's government was deposed in a coup during the Congo Crisis...

     asked the United Nations
    United Nations
    The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...

     to intervene in the crisis.
  • Harper Lee
    Harper Lee
    Nelle Harper Lee is an American author known for her 1960 Pulitzer-Prize-winning novel To Kill a Mockingbird, which deals with the issues of racism that were observed by the author as a child in her hometown of Monroeville, Alabama...

    's classic novel To Kill a Mockingbird
    To Kill a Mockingbird
    To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was instantly successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature...

    was first published.
  • A U.S. Navy C-47 cargo transport plane crashed into the side of a mountain near Quito
    Quito
    San Francisco de Quito, most often called Quito , is the capital city of Ecuador in northwestern South America. It is located in north-central Ecuador in the Guayllabamba river basin, on the eastern slopes of Pichincha, an active stratovolcano in the Andes mountains...

    , Ecuador
    Ecuador
    Ecuador , officially the Republic of Ecuador is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is one of only two countries in South America, along with Chile, that do not have a border...

    , killing all 18 persons on board.
  • Uttar Pradesh Agricultural University
    Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology
    G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology is the first agricultural university of India. It was inaugurated by Jawaharlal Nehru on 17 November 1960 as the Uttar Pradesh Agricultural University...

    , located at Pantnagar
    Pantnagar
    Pantnagar is a town and a University campus in Udham Singh Nagar district, Uttarakhand. Nainital, Rudrapur and Kiccha, Haldwani are the major cities surrounding Pantnagar....

     in the Uttar Pradesh
    Uttar Pradesh
    Uttar Pradesh abbreviation U.P. , is a state located in the northern part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity...

     state in India, conducted its first classes. It was renamed Govind Ballabh Pant University in 1972.

July 12, 1960 (Tuesday)

  • The Etch A Sketch
    Etch A Sketch
    Etch A Sketch is a registered trademark for a mechanical drawing toy manufactured by the Ohio Art Company.An Etch A Sketch is a thick, flat gray screen in a plastic frame. There are two knobs on the front of the frame in the lower corners. Twisting the knobs moves a stylus that displaces aluminium...

     was first manufactured. Licensed to Ohio Art Company
    Ohio Art Company
    Ohio Art Company is a manufacturing company founded in 1908 based in Bryan, Ohio. The company is principally engaged in two lines of business. The first line of business is the sales, marketing and distribution of toys including the Etch A Sketch, and K's Kids...

     by French inventor Arthur Granjean
    Arthur Granjean
    Arthur Granjean invented Etch-a-sketch in the late 1950s. Granjean displayed his prototype, which he had built in his basement and called "L'Ecran Magique" , at the 1959 International Toy Exhibition...

    , it quickly became one of the most popular toys of all time.
  • The Color Additives Amendments to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
    Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
    The United States Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act , is a set of laws passed by Congress in 1938 giving authority to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to oversee the safety of food, drugs, and cosmetics. A principal author of this law was Royal S. Copeland, a three-term U.S. Senator from...

     went into effect, regulating artificial coloring of consumer goods sold in the United States.
  • Orlyonok
    Orlyonok
    Orlyonok was one of the main Soviet Young Pioneer camps and is currently the main Children's Center in Russia.Orlyonok's name is taken from the title of a popular Young Pioneer song "Orlyonok" about a 16-year old Red Army soldier about to be executed by enemies.-History:The Orylonok camp was...

    , the main Young Pioneer camp
    Young Pioneer camp
    Young Pioneer camp was the name for the vacation or summer camp of Young Pioneers. In the 20th century these camps existed in many socialist countries, particularly in the Soviet Union....

     of the Russian SFSR, was founded.
  • Louis Robichaud
    Louis Robichaud
    Louis Joseph Robichaud, PC, CC, QC , popularly known as "Little Louis" or "P'tit-Louis" , was a Canadian lawyer and politician...

     replaced Hugh John Flemming
    Hugh John Flemming
    Hugh John Flemming, PC was a politician and the 24th Premier of New Brunswick.He is always known as "Hugh John"...

     as premier of New Brunswick
    New Brunswick
    New Brunswick is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces and is the only province in the federation that is constitutionally bilingual . The provincial capital is Fredericton and Saint John is the most populous city. Greater Moncton is the largest Census Metropolitan Area...

    , Canada. Robichaud would oversee dramatic reforms in the province's hospitals and schools.

July 13, 1960 (Wednesday)

  • John F. Kennedy
    John F. Kennedy
    John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy , often referred to by his initials JFK, was the 35th President of the United States, serving from 1961 until his assassination in 1963....

     won his party's nomination for President on the first ballot at the Democratic National Convention
    Democratic National Convention
    The Democratic National Convention is a series of presidential nominating conventions held every four years since 1832 by the United States Democratic Party. They have been administered by the Democratic National Committee since the 1852 national convention...

     in Los Angeles
    Los Ángeles
    Los Ángeles is the capital of the province of Biobío, in the commune of the same name, in Region VIII , in the center-south of Chile. It is located between the Laja and Biobío rivers. The population is 123,445 inhabitants...

    , but not until Wyoming
    Wyoming
    Wyoming is a state in the mountain region of the Western United States. The western two thirds of the state is covered mostly with the mountain ranges and rangelands in the foothills of the Eastern Rocky Mountains, while the eastern third of the state is high elevation prairie known as the High...

    's 15 delegates gave him the 2/3 majority. With 761 votes needed, Kennedy got 806, while Lyndon Johnson received 409.
  • The Pilkington Committee on Broadcasting
    Pilkington Committee on Broadcasting
    The Pilkington Committee was set up on 13 July 1960 under the chairmanship of British industrialist Sir Harry Pilkington to consider the future of broadcasting, cable and "the possibility of television for public showing"...

     was set up in the UK to review the state of broadcasting. After two years, the Pilkington Committee concluded that the British public did not want commercial broadcasting.
  • Khieu Samphan
    Khieu Samphan
    Khieu Samphan was the president of the state presidium of Democratic Kampuchea from 1976 until 1979. As such, he served as Cambodia's head of state and was one of the most powerful officials in the Khmer Rouge movement, though Pol Pot was the group's true political leader and held the most...

    , editor of the Phnom Penh
    Phnom Penh
    Phnom Penh is the capital and largest city of Cambodia. Located on the banks of the Mekong River, Phnom Penh has been the national capital since the French colonized Cambodia, and has grown to become the nation's center of economic and industrial activities, as well as the center of security,...

     newspaper L'Observatueur, was arrested and beaten by ten members of Cambodia
    Cambodia
    Cambodia , officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia...

    's security police. As one author would note later, "There is no telling how many people later paid with their lives for this insult." Samphan would later help found the Communist Khmer Rouge
    Khmer Rouge
    The Khmer Rouge literally translated as Red Cambodians was the name given to the followers of the Communist Party of Kampuchea, who were the ruling party in Cambodia from 1975 to 1979, led by Pol Pot, Nuon Chea, Ieng Sary, Son Sen and Khieu Samphan...

     and, 15 years later as the leader of the revolutionary government, would oversee a program of genocide in Cambodian.
  • Nobusuke Kishi
    Nobusuke Kishi
    was a Japanese politician and the 56th and 57th Prime Minister of Japan from February 25, 1957 to June 12, 1958 and from then to July 19, 1960. He was often called Shōwa no yōkai .- Early life :...

    , the Prime Minister of Japan
    Prime Minister of Japan
    The is the head of government of Japan. He is appointed by the Emperor of Japan after being designated by the Diet from among its members, and must enjoy the confidence of the House of Representatives to remain in office...

    , was stabbed six times in his left leg at his home, but the wounds were not life-threatening.
  • Born: Ian Hislop
    Ian Hislop
    Ian David Hislop is a British journalist, satirist, comedian, writer, broadcaster and editor of the satirical magazine Private Eye...

    , British journalist and broadcaster, in Mumbles
    Mumbles
    Mumbles or The Mumbles is an area and community in Swansea, Wales which takes its name from the adjacent headland stretching into Swansea Bay...

    , Swansea
    Swansea
    Swansea is a coastal city and county in Wales. Swansea is in the historic county boundaries of Glamorgan. Situated on the sandy South West Wales coast, the county area includes the Gower Peninsula and the Lliw uplands...


July 14, 1960 (Thursday)

  • In a choice that would determine the 36th President of the United States
    President of the United States
    The President of the United States of America is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces....

    , Democratic presidential nominee John F. Kennedy
    John F. Kennedy
    John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy , often referred to by his initials JFK, was the 35th President of the United States, serving from 1961 until his assassination in 1963....

     asked U.S. Senate Majority Leader Lyndon Johnson to be his running mate at in Los Angeles
    Los Ángeles
    Los Ángeles is the capital of the province of Biobío, in the commune of the same name, in Region VIII , in the center-south of Chile. It is located between the Laja and Biobío rivers. The population is 123,445 inhabitants...

    , and Johnson, to the surprise of many, accepted. The day before, U.S. Senator Stuart Symington
    Stuart Symington
    William Stuart Symington was a businessman and political figure from Missouri. He served as the first Secretary of the Air Force from 1947 to 1950 and was a Democratic United States Senator from Missouri from 1953 to 1976.-Education and business career:...

     of Missouri had been asked, and agreed, to become Kennedy's choice for the vice-presidency.
  • By an 8–0 vote, the United Nations Security Council
    United Nations Security Council
    The United Nations Security Council is one of the principal organs of the United Nations and is charged with the maintenance of international peace and security. Its powers, outlined in the United Nations Charter, include the establishment of peacekeeping operations, the establishment of...

     authorized the sending of U.N. forces to restore order in the Congo and in Katanga, and to request that Belgium withdraw its troops. The first U.N. forces arrived from Tunisia
    Tunisia
    Tunisia , officially the Tunisian RepublicThe long name of Tunisia in other languages used in the country is: , is the northernmost country in Africa. It is a Maghreb country and is bordered by Algeria to the west, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Its area...

     the next day.
  • A fire at a mental hospital in Guatemala City
    Guatemala City
    Guatemala City , is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Guatemala and Central America...

     killed 225 of the nearly 1,600 patients there.
  • Born: Anna Bligh
    Anna Bligh
    Anna Maria Bligh is an Australian politician and the Premier of Queensland since 2007. The 2009 Queensland state election was the first time a female-led political party won or retained state or federal government in Australia...

    , Australian politician, Premier of Queensland, in Warwick, Queensland
  • Died: Maurice, 6th duc de Broglie
    Maurice, 6th duc de Broglie
    Louis-César-Victor-Maurice, 6th duc de Broglie , was a French physicist.-Early years:Maurice de Broglie was born in Paris, to Victor de Broglie, 5th duc de Broglie. In 1901, he was married to Camille Bernou de Rochetaillée in Paris. They had one daughter, Laure, born on 17 November 1904, who...

    , 85, French physicist

July 15, 1960 (Friday)

  • Nobusuke Kishi
    Nobusuke Kishi
    was a Japanese politician and the 56th and 57th Prime Minister of Japan from February 25, 1957 to June 12, 1958 and from then to July 19, 1960. He was often called Shōwa no yōkai .- Early life :...

     resigned as Prime Minister of Japan
    Prime Minister of Japan
    The is the head of government of Japan. He is appointed by the Emperor of Japan after being designated by the Diet from among its members, and must enjoy the confidence of the House of Representatives to remain in office...

    , after conceding that the government was unable to control Leftist demonstrations. Three days later, the Diet confirmed Hayato Ikeda
    Hayato Ikeda
    born in Takehara, Hiroshima, was a Japanese politician and the 58th, 59th and 60th Prime Minister of Japan from July 19, 1960 to November 9, 1964....

     as the new Premier.
  • Died: Lawrence Tibbett
    Lawrence Tibbett
    Lawrence Mervil Tibbett was a great American opera singer and recording artist who also performed as a film actor and radio personality. A baritone, he sang with the New York Metropolitan Opera company more than 600 times from 1923 to 1950...

    , 63, American opera singer

July 16, 1960 (Saturday)

  • The Soviet Union
    Soviet Union
    The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

     completed the Sino-Soviet split
    Sino-Soviet split
    In political science, the term Sino–Soviet split denotes the worsening of political and ideologic relations between the People's Republic of China and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics during the Cold War...

     by notifying the government of the People's Republic of China that all 1,390 Soviet advisors and experts there would be withdrawn. Over the next month, the Soviets cancelled twelve economic and technological agreements, and 200 joint projects.
  • The phrase "New Frontier
    New Frontier
    The term New Frontier was used by Democratic presidential candidate John F. Kennedy in his acceptance speech in the 1960 United States presidential election to the Democratic National Convention at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum as the Democratic slogan to inspire America to support him...

    ", which would be used to describe the policies of John F. Kennedy
    John F. Kennedy
    John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy , often referred to by his initials JFK, was the 35th President of the United States, serving from 1961 until his assassination in 1963....

    , was first used in Kennedy's acceptance of the Democratic presidential nomination in Los Angeles
    Los Ángeles
    Los Ángeles is the capital of the province of Biobío, in the commune of the same name, in Region VIII , in the center-south of Chile. It is located between the Laja and Biobío rivers. The population is 123,445 inhabitants...

    . After referring to the American West ("what was once the 'last frontier'"), Kennedy said that "we stand today on the edge of a new frontier— the frontier of the 1960s".
  • Died: Field Marshal Albert Kesselring
    Albert Kesselring
    Albert Kesselring was a German Luftwaffe Generalfeldmarschall during World War II. In a military career that spanned both World Wars, Kesselring became one of Nazi Germany's most skilful commanders, being one of 27 soldiers awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords...

    , 74, German Luftwaffe leader, and John P. Marquand
    John P. Marquand
    John Phillips Marquand was a American writer. Originally best known for his Mr. Moto spy stories, he achieved popular success and critical respect for his satirical novels, winning a Pulitzer Prize for The Late George Apley in 1938...

    , 66, American author

July 17, 1960 (Sunday)

  • Congo Crisis
    Congo Crisis
    The Congo Crisis was a period of turmoil in the First Republic of the Congo that began with national independence from Belgium and ended with the seizing of power by Joseph Mobutu...

    : Joseph Kasavubu and Patrice Lumumba
    Patrice Lumumba
    Patrice Émery Lumumba was a Congolese independence leader and the first legally elected Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo after he helped win its independence from Belgium in June 1960. Only ten weeks later, Lumumba's government was deposed in a coup during the Congo Crisis...

    , unhappy with the United Nations
    United Nations
    The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...

    ' progress in pressuring Belgium
    Belgium
    Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...

     to withdraw its troops from the former Belgian Congo
    Belgian Congo
    The Belgian Congo was the formal title of present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo between King Leopold II's formal relinquishment of his personal control over the state to Belgium on 15 November 1908, and Congolese independence on 30 June 1960.-Congo Free State, 1884–1908:Until the latter...

    , added a new dimension to the crisis with an ultimatum: If Belgian troops did not withdraw within 48 hours, the Congolese leaders would invite the Soviet Union
    Soviet Union
    The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

     to send troops to the African nation.
  • Born: Robin Shou
    Robin Shou
    Shou Wan Por , known professionally as Robin Shou, is a Hong Kong martial artist and actor. Frequently appearing in numerous martial arts films, Shou was most successful for playing the role of Liu Kang in Mortal Kombat & Gobei with the late Chris Farley in Beverly Hills Ninja.-Career:Shou's first...

    , Hong Kong actor and martial artist
  • Died: Pavol Peter Gojdič
    Pavol Peter Gojdic
    Pavol Gojdič, also known as Pavel Peter Gojdič or Peter Gojdič , was a Basilian monk and the bishop of the Greek Catholic Eparchy of Prešov martyred by the communist regime in Czechoslovakia....

    , 72, imprisoned Czechoslovakian bishop, at Leopoldov
    Leopoldov
    Leopoldov is a town in the Trnava Region of Slovakia, near the Váh river. It has a population of 4,083. The city is the location of Leopoldov Prison a high-security correctional institution.-History:...

    .

July 18, 1960 (Monday)

  • In Chicago
    Chicago
    Chicago is the largest city in the US state of Illinois. With nearly 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the Midwestern United States and the third most populous in the US, after New York City and Los Angeles...

    , the National League
    National League
    The National League of Professional Baseball Clubs, known simply as the National League , is the older of two leagues constituting Major League Baseball, and the world's oldest extant professional team sports league. Founded on February 2, 1876, to replace the National Association of Professional...

    's owners voted unanimously to expand from eight teams to ten, and to meet with leaders of the American League
    American League
    The American League of Professional Baseball Clubs, or simply the American League , is one of two leagues that make up Major League Baseball in the United States and Canada. It developed from the Western League, a minor league based in the Great Lakes states, which eventually aspired to major...

     and the new Continental League
    Continental League
    The Continental League was a proposed third major league for baseball, announced in 1959 and scheduled to begin play in the 1961 season...

     to plan the growth of Major League Baseball
    Major League Baseball
    Major League Baseball is the highest level of professional baseball in the United States and Canada, consisting of teams that play in the National League and the American League...

    . The new NL teams, both in CL cities, would be the New York Mets
    New York Mets
    The New York Mets are a professional baseball team based in the borough of Queens in New York City, New York. They belong to Major League Baseball's National League East Division. One of baseball's first expansion teams, the Mets were founded in 1962 to replace New York's departed National League...

     and the Houston Colt .45s
    Houston Astros
    The Houston Astros are a Major League Baseball team located in Houston, Texas. They are a member of the National League Central division. The Astros are expected to join the American League West division in 2013. Since , they have played their home games at Minute Maid Park, known as Enron Field...

     (later the Houston Astros
    Houston Astros
    The Houston Astros are a Major League Baseball team located in Houston, Texas. They are a member of the National League Central division. The Astros are expected to join the American League West division in 2013. Since , they have played their home games at Minute Maid Park, known as Enron Field...

    .
  • Born: William A. Dembski
    William A. Dembski
    William Albert "Bill" Dembski is an American proponent of intelligent design, well known for promoting the concept of specified complexity...

    , American mathematician and proponent of "intelligent design
    Intelligent design
    Intelligent design is the proposition that "certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as natural selection." It is a form of creationism and a contemporary adaptation of the traditional teleological argument for...

    ", in Chicago
    Chicago
    Chicago is the largest city in the US state of Illinois. With nearly 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the Midwestern United States and the third most populous in the US, after New York City and Los Angeles...

    .

July 19, 1960 (Tuesday)

  • Fernando Tambroni
    Fernando Tambroni
    Fernando Tambroni Armaroli was an Italian politician of the Christian Democratic Party. He was a lawyer, a prominent supporter of law and order policies, and for a brief time in 1960, the 37th Prime Minister of Italy...

     resigned as Prime Minister of Italy
    Prime minister of Italy
    The Prime Minister of Italy is the head of government of the Italian Republic...

    . A new government was approved on August 5, headed by former Premier Amintore Fanfani
    Amintore Fanfani
    Amintore Fanfani was an Italian career politician and the 33rd man to serve the office of Prime Minister of the State. He was one of the well-known Italian politicians after the Second World War, and a historical figure of the Christian Democracy .Fanfani and Giovanni Giolitti are still actually...

    .
  • Thirty-three iron miners in West Germany
    West Germany
    West Germany is the common English, but not official, name for the Federal Republic of Germany or FRG in the period between its creation in May 1949 to German reunification on 3 October 1990....

     were killed in a mine fire near Salzgitter
    Salzgitter
    Salzgitter is an independent city in southeast Lower Saxony, Germany, located between Hildesheim and Braunschweig. Together with Wolfsburg and Braunschweig, Salzgitter is one of the seven Oberzentren of Lower Saxony...

    .
  • Two U.S. Navy destroyers, the U.S.S. Ammen and the U.S.S. Collett, collided off of the coast of Newport Beach, California
    Newport Beach, California
    Newport Beach, incorporated in 1906, is a city in Orange County, California, south of downtown Santa Ana. The population was 85,186 at the 2010 census.The city's median family income and property values consistently place high in national rankings...

    , killing ten sailors.
  • Trans Australia Airlines Flight 408 was taken over by a gunman, Alex Hildebrandt of Russia, in the first airplane hijacking in Australia. The hijack was foiled when Hildebrandt was overpowered by the plane's first officer.
  • At 8:30 pm EST, CBS aired the unsold pilot for "Head of the Family" on Comedy Spot. The pilot had Carl Reiner
    Carl Reiner
    Carl Reiner is an American actor, film director, producer, writer and comedian. He has won nine Emmy Awards and one Grammy Award during this career...

     as TV writer Rob Petrie, Barbara Britton
    Barbara Britton
    Barbara Britton was an American film and television actress.She was the first actress to play Laura Petrie on television on the pilot program, Head of the Family, which was retooled and became The Dick Van Dyke Show with the role taken over by Mary Tyler Moore. The California native signed a film...

     as Rob's wife Laura, Sylvia Miles
    Sylvia Miles
    -Early life and career:Miles was born Sylvia Reuben Lee in New York City, the daughter of Belle and Reuben Lee, a furniture maker....

     as Sally Rogers and Morty Gunty as Buddy Sorrell. In 1961, CBS would score a hit with a new name
    The Dick Van Dyke Show
    The Dick Van Dyke Show is an American television sitcom that initially aired on the Columbia Broadcasting System from October 3, 1961, until June 1, 1966. The show was created by Carl Reiner and starred Dick Van Dyke and Mary Tyler Moore. It was produced by Reiner with Bill Persky and Sam Denoff....

     and a new cast of Dick Van Dyke
    Dick Van Dyke
    Richard Wayne "Dick" Van Dyke is an American actor, comedian, writer, and producer with a career spanning six decades. He is the older brother of Jerry Van Dyke, and father of Barry Van Dyke...

    , Mary Tyler Moore
    Mary Tyler Moore
    Mary Tyler Moore is an American actress, primarily known for her roles in television sitcoms. Moore is best known for The Mary Tyler Moore Show , in which she starred as Mary Richards, a 30-something single woman who worked as a local news producer in Minneapolis, and for her earlier role as...

    , Rose Marie
    Rose Marie
    Rose Marie is an American actress. As a child performer she had a successful singing career as Baby Rose Marie....

     and Morey Amsterdam
    Morey Amsterdam
    Morey Amsterdam was an American television actor and comedian, best known for the role of Buddy Sorrell on The Dick Van Dyke Show in the early 1960s.-Early life:...

    .

July 20, 1960 (Wednesday)

  • Sirimavo Bandaranaike
    Sirimavo Bandaranaike
    Sirimavo Ratwatte Dias Bandaranaike was a Sri Lankan politician and the world's first female head of government...

     became the world's first elected female head of government, after her Sri Lanka Freedom Party
    Sri Lanka Freedom Party
    The Sri Lanka Freedom Party is one of the major political parties in Sri Lanka. It was founded by S.W.R.D Bandaranaike in 1951 and, since then, has been one of the two largest parties in the Sri Lankan political arena. It first came to power in 1956 and since then has been the predominant party in...

     won a majority in elections in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka
    Sri Lanka
    Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is a country off the southern coast of the Indian subcontinent. Known until 1972 as Ceylon , Sri Lanka is an island surrounded by the Indian Ocean, the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait, and lies in the vicinity of India and the...

    ). Mrs. Bandaranaike, whose husband S.W.D. Bandaranaike had been Prime Minister until his assassination in 1959, took office as Prime Minister of Ceylon the next day, and assumed the jobs of Defense Minister and External Affairs Minister as well.
  • President Eisenhower announced that the United States had a budget surplus of at the end of the 1960 fiscal year, a dramatic turnaround from the $12,426,000,000 deficit at the end of the 1959 fiscal year.
  • The submarine USS George Washington
    USS George Washington (SSBN-598)
    USS George Washington , the lead ship of her class of nuclear ballistic missile submarines, was the third United States Navy ship of the name, in honor of George Washington , first President of the United States, and the first of that name to be purpose-built as a warship.-Construction and...

     made the first launch of a rocket from underwater into the air, with the firing of an unarmed Polaris
    Polaris
    Polaris |Alpha]] Ursae Minoris, commonly North Star or Pole Star, also Lodestar) is the brightest star in the constellation Ursa Minor. It is very close to the north celestial pole, making it the current northern pole star....

     missile while submerged at a depth of 30 feet.

July 21, 1960 (Thursday)

  • Francis Chichester
    Francis Chichester
    Sir Francis Charles Chichester KBE , aviator and sailor, was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II for becoming the first person to sail single-handed around the world by the clipper route, and the fastest circumnavigator, in nine months and one day overall.-Early life:Chichester was born in Barnstaple,...

    , English navigator and yachtsman, arrived in New York aboard Gypsy Moth II, forty days after sailing across the Atlantic Ocean, setting a new record.
  • The first television station in Egypt
    Egypt
    Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...

     began broadcasting. After a verse from the Koran was read, United Arab Republic President Gamal Abdel Nasser
    Gamal Abdel Nasser
    Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein was the second President of Egypt from 1956 until his death. A colonel in the Egyptian army, Nasser led the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 along with Muhammad Naguib, the first president, which overthrew the monarchy of Egypt and Sudan, and heralded a new period of...

     was shown live, making a speech during celebrations of the eighth anniversary of the 1952 revolution.

July 22, 1960 (Friday)

  • Jean Lesage
    Jean Lesage
    Jean Lesage, PC, CC, CD was a lawyer and politician in Quebec, Canada. He served as the 19th Premier of Quebec from 22 June 1960, to 16 August 1966...

     replaced Antonio Barrette
    Antonio Barrette
    Antonio J. Barrette was a Quebec politician born in Joliette, Quebec, Canada.-Member of the legislature:Barrette ran as a Conservative candidate in the provincial district of Joliette in the 1935 election but lost...

     as Premier of Quebec
    Premier of Quebec
    The Premier of Quebec is the first minister of the Canadian province of Quebec. The Premier is the province's head of government and his title is Premier and President of the Executive Council....

    , and began the Quiet Revolution
    Quiet Revolution
    The Quiet Revolution was the 1960s period of intense change in Quebec, Canada, characterized by the rapid and effective secularization of society, the creation of a welfare state and a re-alignment of politics into federalist and separatist factions...

     reforms to that province.
  • Vincent Massey
    Vincent Massey
    Charles Vincent Massey was a Canadian lawyer and diplomat who served as Governor General of Canada, the 18th since Canadian Confederation....

     became the first Canadian to receive the Royal Victorian Chain
    Royal Victorian Chain
    The Royal Victorian Chain is an award, instituted in 1902 by King Edward VII as a personal award of the Monarch...

     in its 58 years as an honour, as a recognition from Queen Elizabeth II.

July 23, 1960 (Saturday)

  • The Soviet Union
    Soviet Union
    The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

     launched a space capsule with two dogs, Pchelka and Mushka, in advance of manned space flight. Korabl 3 burned up upon re-entry into the atmosphere.
  • The headquarters of St. John Ambulance in Singapore
    St. John Ambulance in Singapore
    St John Ambulance Singapore is a voluntary organisation in Singapore which provides training in First Aid and Home Nursing. Its members also perform voluntary first aid coverage duties during national events....

     was opened, by Yusof bin Ishak
    Yusof bin Ishak
    Yusof bin Ishak was an eminent Singaporean politician and the first President of Singapore of Minangkabau descent. His portrait appears on the Singapore Portrait Series currency notes introduced in 1999.-Early life:...

    .

July 24, 1960 (Sunday)

  • Soviet Marshal Ivan Konev
    Ivan Konev
    Ivan Stepanovich Konev , was a Soviet military commander, who led Red Army forces on the Eastern Front during World War II, retook much of Eastern Europe from occupation by the Axis Powers, and helped in the capture of Germany's capital, Berlin....

     retired as chief of the Warsaw Pact
    Warsaw Pact
    The Warsaw Treaty Organization of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance , or more commonly referred to as the Warsaw Pact, was a mutual defense treaty subscribed to by eight communist states in Eastern Europe...

    , and was replaced by another Soviet military man, Marshal Andrei Grechko
    Andrei Grechko
    Andrei Antonovich Grechko was a Soviet general, Marshal of the Soviet Union and Minister of Defense.-Biography:Born in a small town near Rostov-on-Don, the son of Ukrainian peasants, he joined the Red Army in 1919, where he was a part of the legendary “Budyonny Cavalry”...

    .
  • Died: Hans Albers
    Hans Albers
    Hans Philipp August Albers was a German actor and singer. He was the single biggest male movie star in Germany between 1930 and 1945 and one of the most popular German actors of the twentieth century.- Life and work :...

    , 68, leading man of German film in the 1930s and early 1940s; and Jacques Jaccard
    Jacques Jaccard
    Jacques Jaccard was an American film director, writer and actor whose achievements in cinema were mostly in silent film....

    , 73, American silent film director in the 1910s and 1920s

July 25, 1960 (Monday)

  • The lunch counter at the Woolworth
    F. W. Woolworth Company
    The F. W. Woolworth Company was a retail company that was one of the original American five-and-dime stores. The first successful Woolworth store was opened on July 18, 1879 by Frank Winfield Woolworth in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, as "Woolworth's Great Five Cent Store"...

    's store in Greensboro, North Carolina
    Greensboro, North Carolina
    Greensboro is a city in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is the third-largest city by population in North Carolina and the largest city in Guilford County and the surrounding Piedmont Triad metropolitan region. According to the 2010 U.S...

    , where the "Greensboro Four" had started the first sit-in in January, began service to African-American customers (actually, three store employees) at Karen Plunkett-Powell, Remembering Woolworth's: A Nostalgic History of the World's Most Famous Five-and-dime (St. Martin's Griffin, 1999), p162. Integration of Greensboro's other restaurants did not happen until 1963.

John D. McFadden and Cherylie A. Porterfield were the first couple united in marriage at the East Side Church of Christ in Snyder, Scurry County, Texas.

July 26, 1960 (Tuesday)

  • Died: Cedric Gibbons
    Cedric Gibbons
    Austin Cedric Gibbons was an Irish American art director who was one of the most important and influential in the field in the history of American film. He also made a great impact on motion picture theater architecture through the 1930s to 1950s, the period considered the golden-era of theater...

    , 67, pioneering Irish-American film art director, in Hollywood; Maud Menten
    Maud Menten
    Maud Leonora Menten was a Canadian medical scientist who made significant contributions to enzyme kinetics and histochemistry. Her name is associated with the famous Michaelis-Menten equation in biochemistry.Maud Menten was born in Port Lambton, Ontario and studied medicine at the University of...

    , 81, Canadian biochemist

July 27, 1960 (Wednesday)

  • In Chicago
    Chicago
    Chicago is the largest city in the US state of Illinois. With nearly 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the Midwestern United States and the third most populous in the US, after New York City and Los Angeles...

    , delegates to the Republican National Convention
    Republican National Convention
    The Republican National Convention is the presidential nominating convention of the Republican Party of the United States. Convened by the Republican National Committee, the stated purpose of the convocation is to nominate an official candidate in an upcoming U.S...

     nominated U.S. Vice President Richard M. Nixon for President, with 1,321 votes. Ten delegates voted for Barry Goldwater
    Barry Goldwater
    Barry Morris Goldwater was a five-term United States Senator from Arizona and the Republican Party's nominee for President in the 1964 election. An articulate and charismatic figure during the first half of the 1960s, he was known as "Mr...

    . U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.
    Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.
    Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. was a Republican United States Senator from Massachusetts and a U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, South Vietnam, West Germany, and the Holy See . He was the Republican nominee for Vice President in the 1960 Presidential election.-Early life:Lodge was born in Nahant,...

     was nominated for Vice President.
  • The Federal Reserve Board voted to cut margin requirements from 90% to 70%, in order to encourage buying and selling in the American stock market.

July 28, 1960 (Thursday)

  • The Chinese hibiscus
    Chinese hibiscus
    Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, known colloquially as the Chinese hibiscus, China rose and shoe flower, is an evergreen flowering shrub native to East Asia....

     was adopted as the Malaysian national flower and renamed Bunga Raya.

July 29, 1960 (Friday)

  • In new elections in South Korea
    South Korea
    The Republic of Korea , , is a sovereign state in East Asia, located on the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula. It is neighbored by the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east, North Korea to the north, and the East China Sea and Republic of China to the south...

    , the Democrat party, led by Chang Myon
    Chang Myon
    Chang Myon , or John Myun Chang, was a South Korean politician and educator. He was the Vice President of the First Republic and the Prime Minister of the Second Republic...

     (also known as John M. Chang and Tsutomu Tamaoka, won a majority. Chang became Prime Minister of South Korea
    Prime Minister of South Korea
    The Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea is appointed by the President with the National Assembly's approval. Unlike prime ministers in the parliamentary system, the Prime Minister of South Korea is not required to be a member of parliament....

     on August 19.
  • The unmanned spacecraft Mercury-Atlas 1
    Mercury-Atlas 1
    Mercury-Atlas 1 was launched at 13:13 UTC on July 29, 1960 from Cape Canaveral, Florida. The Mercury spacecraft was unmanned and carried no launch escape system. The mission was to conduct a suborbital test flight and reentry of the spacecraft...

     was launched from Cape Canaveral on a sub-orbital flight to test a manned capsule, but failed 58 seconds later.
  • The U.S. Federal Communications Commission
    Federal Communications Commission
    The Federal Communications Commission is an independent agency of the United States government, created, Congressional statute , and with the majority of its commissioners appointed by the current President. The FCC works towards six goals in the areas of broadband, competition, the spectrum, the...

     voted 6–1 against censorship of American radio and television communications, following hearings in which various witnesses testified in favor of FCC intervention.
  • 10 Downing Street
    10 Downing Street
    10 Downing Street, colloquially known in the United Kingdom as "Number 10", is the headquarters of Her Majesty's Government and the official residence and office of the First Lord of the Treasury, who is now always the Prime Minister....

    , the official London residence of the British Prime Minister was closed for renovations expected to last at least two years. Harold Macmillan
    Harold Macmillan
    Maurice Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of Stockton, OM, PC was Conservative Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 10 January 1957 to 18 October 1963....

    's home was transferred for the interim to Admiralty House (London)
    Admiralty House (London)
    Admiralty House in London is a Grade I listedbuilding facing Whitehall, currently used for UK government functions and as ministerial flats. It was opened in 1788 and until 1964 was the official residence of First Lords of the Admiralty.-Description:...

    .
  • Born: Marta Cid i Pañella
    Marta Cid i Pañella
    Marta Cid i Pañella was Minister of Education of Catalonia from 20 February 2004 until 12 May 2006.-Education and professional background:...

    , Catalonian politician, in Amposta

July 30, 1960 (Saturday)

  • The American Football League
    American Football League
    The American Football League was a major American Professional Football league that operated from 1960 until 1969, when the established National Football League merged with it. The upstart AFL operated in direct competition with the more established NFL throughout its existence...

     played its first game, an exhibition between the Buffalo Bills
    Buffalo Bills
    The Buffalo Bills are a professional football team based in Buffalo, New York. They are currently members of the East Division of the American Football Conference in the National Football League...

     and the Boston Patriots, before a crowd of 16,474 in Buffalo. Bob Dee
    Bob Dee
    Robert Henry Dee was an American football defensive end in the National Football League and the American Football League...

     of the Patriots recovered a fumble in the end zone for the first AFL score.
  • South Korea
    South Korea
    The Republic of Korea , , is a sovereign state in East Asia, located on the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula. It is neighbored by the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east, North Korea to the north, and the East China Sea and Republic of China to the south...

     and North Korea
    North Korea
    The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea , , is a country in East Asia, occupying the northern half of the Korean Peninsula. Its capital and largest city is Pyongyang. The Korean Demilitarized Zone serves as the buffer zone between North Korea and South Korea...

     fought a battle as at sea for the first time since the end of the Korean War in 1953, with a North Korean gunboat being sunk near Kojin.

July 31, 1960 (Sunday)

  • The Malayan Emergency
    Malayan Emergency
    The Malayan Emergency was a guerrilla war fought between Commonwealth armed forces and the Malayan National Liberation Army , the military arm of the Malayan Communist Party, from 1948 to 1960....

     was officially ended after twelve years. On June 16, 1948, the state of emergency was declared in the Federation of Malaya after guerilla activity had begun. The date had been announced on April 19 by the Malayan King
    Yang di-Pertuan Agong
    The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is the head of state of Malaysia. The office was established in 1957 when the Federation of Malaya gained independence....

    , Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah
    Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah
    Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Alaiddin Sulaiman Shah KCMG was the second Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia from 14 April to 1 September 1960, and fifth and seventh Sultan of Selangor between 1938–1942 and again from 1945-1960.-Early career:He was the first son of Almarhum Sultan...

    .
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