The following is a list of the "B" codes for MeSH

Mesh

Mesh consists of semi-permeable barrier made of connected strands of metal, fiber, or other flexible/ductile material. Mesh is similar to web or net in that it has many attached or woven strands.-Types of mesh:...

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United States National Library of Medicine

The United States National Library of Medicine , operated by the United States federal government, is the world's largest medical library. Located in Bethesda, Maryland, the NLM is a division of the National Institutes of Health...

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Source for content is here. (File "2006 MeSH Trees".)

--- bacteroidaceae

Bacteroidaceae

The family Bacteroidaceae is composed of six genera of environmental bacteria....

--- bacteroides

Bacteroides

Bacteroides is a genus of Gram-negative, bacillus bacteria. Bacteroides species are non-endospore-forming, anaerobes, and may be either motile or non-motile, depending on the species. The DNA base composition is 40-48% GC. Unusual in bacterial organisms, Bacteroides membranes contain sphingolipids...

 --- bacteroides fragilis

Bacteroides fragilis

Bacteroides fragilis is a Gram-negative bacillus bacterium species, and an obligate anaerobe of the gut.B. fragilis group is the most commonly isolated bacteriodaceae in anaerobic infections especially those that originate from the gastrointestinal flora. B. fragilis is the most prevalent organism...

 --- porphyromonas --- porphyromonas endodontalis --- porphyromonas gingivalis

Porphyromonas gingivalis

Porphyromonas gingivalis belongs to the phylum Bacteroidetes and is a non-motile, gram-negative, rod-shaped, anaerobic pathogenic bacterium. It forms black colonies on blood agar....

 --- prevotella

Prevotella

Prevotella is a genus of bacteria.Bacteroides melaninogenicus has recently been reclassified and split into Prevotella melaninogenica and Prevotella intermedia....

 --- prevotella intermedia

Prevotella intermedia

Prevotella intermedia is a gram-negative obligate anaerobic pathogen involved in periodontal infections, including gingivitis and periodontitis, and often found in Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis . It is commonly isolated from Dentoalveolar abscesses, where obligate anaerobes...

 --- prevotella melaninogenica --- prevotella nigrescens --- prevotella ruminicola

--- flavobacteriaceae

Flavobacteriaceae

The family Flavobacteriaceae is composed of environmental bacteria. Most species are aerobic, some are microaerobic to anaerobic, for example Ornithobacterium, Capnocytophaga and Coenonia....

--- capnocytophaga

Capnocytophaga

Capnocytophaga is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria. Normally found in the oropharyngeal tract of mammals, they are involved in the pathogenesis of some animal bite wounds as well as periodontal diseases....

 --- chryseobacterium

Chryseobacterium

Chryseobacterium is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria. Three novel cold-tolerant species of Chryseobacterium, C. oranimense C. haifense, and C. bovis, have been detected in raw milk in Israel....

 --- flavobacterium

Flavobacterium

Flavobacterium is a genus of Gram-negative, non-motile and motile, rod-shaped bacteria that consists of ten recognized species, as well as three newly proposed species . Flavobacteria are found in soil and fresh water in a variety of environments...

 --- ornithobacterium

--- flexibacteraceae

Flexibacteraceae

The family Flexibacteraceae is composed of eleven genera of environmental bacteria....

--- cytophaga

Cytophaga

Cytophaga is a genus of Gram-negative, gliding, rod-shaped bacteria.-Species:The following are some species in Cytophaga:* Cytophaga columnaris — the cause of columnaris disease in salmonid fish, as associated with increased water temperature; it is characterized by white necrotic plaques...

 --- flexibacter

Flexibacter

Flexibacter is a genus of bacteria consisting of some seventeen strains , known for their yellow hue.Etymology: L. part. adj. flexus , bent, winding; N.L. masc. n. bacter, rod; N.L. masc. n. Flexibacter, intended to mean flexible rod....

--- anabaena

Anabaena

Anabaena is a genus of filamentous cyanobacteria that exists as plankton. It is known for its nitrogen fixing abilities, and they form symbiotic relationships with certain plants, such as the mosquito fern. They are one of four genera of cyanobacteria that produce neurotoxins, which are harmful to...

--- anabaena cylindrica --- anabaena flos-aquae --- anabaena variabilis

Anabaena variabilis

Anabaena variabilis is a species of filamentous cyanobacterium. This species of the genus Anabaena and the domain Eubacteria is capable of photosynthesis. This species is also known to be heterotrophic in that it may grow without light in the presence of fructose...

--- nostoc

Nostoc

Nostoc is a genus of cyanobacteria found in a variety of environmental niches that forms colonies composed of filaments of moniliform cells in a gelatinous sheath.The name "Nostoc" was invented by Paracelsus...

--- nostoc commune --- nostoc muscorum

--- gram-positive endospore-forming bacteria

--- gram-positive endospore-forming rods --- bacillaceae

Bacillaceae

Bacillaceae is a family of Gram-positive, heterotrophic, rod-shaped bacteria that may produce endospores. Motile members of this family are characterized by peritrichous flagellae. Some Bacillaceae are aerobic, while others are facultative or strict anaerobes...

 --- bacillus

Bacillus

Bacillus is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria and a member of the division Firmicutes. Bacillus species can be obligate aerobes or facultative anaerobes, and test positive for the enzyme catalase. Ubiquitous in nature, Bacillus includes both free-living and pathogenic species...

 --- bacillus anthracis

Bacillus anthracis

Bacillus anthracis is the pathogen of the Anthrax acute disease. It is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, with a width of 1-1.2µm and a length of 3-5µm. It can be grown in an ordinary nutrient medium under aerobic or anaerobic conditions.It is one of few bacteria known to...

 --- bacillus cereus

Bacillus cereus

Bacillus cereus is an endemic, soil-dwelling, Gram-positive, rod-shaped, beta hemolytic bacterium. Some strains are harmful to humans and cause foodborne illness, while other strains can be beneficial as probiotics for animals...

 --- bacillus megaterium

Bacillus megaterium

Bacillus megaterium is a rod-shaped, Gram-positive, endospore forming, species of bacteria used as a soil inoculant in agriculture and horticulture.Bacterium is arranged into the streptobacillus form....

 --- bacillus stearothermophilus

Bacillus stearothermophilus

Bacillus stearothermophilus is a rod-shaped, Gram-positive bacterium and a member of the division Firmicutes. The bacteria is a thermophile and is widely distributed in soil, hot springs, ocean sediment, and is a cause of spoilage in food products. It will grow within a temperature range of 30-75...

 --- bacillus subtilis

Bacillus subtilis

Bacillus subtilis, known also as the hay bacillus or grass bacillus, is a Gram-positive, catalase-positive bacterium commonly found in soil. A member of the genus Bacillus, B. subtilis is rod-shaped, and has the ability to form a tough, protective endospore, allowing the organism to tolerate...

 --- bacillus thuringiensis

Bacillus thuringiensis

Bacillus thuringiensis is a Gram-positive, soil-dwelling bacterium, commonly used as a biological pesticide; alternatively, the Cry toxin may be extracted and used as a pesticide. B...

 --- clostridium

Clostridium

Clostridium is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria, belonging to the Firmicutes. They are obligate anaerobes capable of producing endospores. Individual cells are rod-shaped, which gives them their name, from the Greek kloster or spindle...

 --- clostridium acetobutylicum

Clostridium acetobutylicum

Clostridium acetobutylicum, ATCC 824, is included in the genus Clostridium, is a commercially valuable bacterium sometimes called the "Weizmann Organism", after Jewish-Russian born Chaim Weizmann, then senior lecturer at the University of Manchester, England, used them in 1916 as a bio-chemical...

 --- clostridium beijerinckii

Clostridium beijerinckii

Clostridium beijerinckii is a gram positive, rod shaped, motile bacterium of the genus Clostridium. It has been isolated from feces and soil...

 --- clostridium bifermentans

Clostridium bifermentans

Clostridium bifermentans is an anaerobic, motile, gram-positive bacterium....

 --- clostridium botulinum

Clostridium botulinum

Clostridium botulinum is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that produces several toxins. The best known are its neurotoxins, subdivided in types A-G, that cause the flaccid muscular paralysis seen in botulism. It is also the main paralytic agent in botox. C. botulinum is an anaerobic...

 --- clostridium botulinum type a --- clostridium botulinum type b --- clostridium botulinum type c --- clostridium botulinum type d --- clostridium botulinum type e --- clostridium botulinum type f --- clostridium botulinum type g --- clostridium butyricum

Clostridium butyricum

Clostridium butyricum is an anaerobic prokaryote that requires the absolute absence of oxygen to grow. It produces butyric acid which is an indicator of the presence of saccharolytic clostridia. It is an endospore-former and can live under rough conditions...

 --- clostridium cellulolyticum

Clostridium cellulolyticum

Clostridium cellulolyticum is an anaerobic, motile, gram-positive bacterium....

 --- clostridium cellulovorans --- clostridium chauvoei

Clostridium chauvoei

Clostridium chauvoei is an anaerobic, motile, gram-positive bacterium. It causes a disease called blackleg of cattle and sheep....

 --- clostridium difficile

Clostridium difficile

Clostridium difficile , also known as "CDF/cdf", or "C...

 --- clostridium histolyticum

Clostridium histolyticum

Clostridium histolyticum is an anaerobic, motile, gram-positive bacterium that thrives in feces and soil. The ammonia and proteases it produces, including several collagenases, digest proteins outside its body into amino acids, which it eats. When Cl...

 --- clostridium kluyveri

Clostridium kluyveri

Clostridium kluyveri is an anaerobic, motile, gram-positive bacterium....

 --- clostridium perfringens

Clostridium perfringens

Clostridium perfringens is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium of the genus Clostridium. C. perfringens is ever present in nature and can be found as a normal component of decaying vegetation, marine sediment, the intestinal tract of humans and other vertebrates,...

 --- clostridium sordellii

Clostridium sordellii

Clostridium sordellii is a rare anaerobic, gram-positive, spore forming rod with peritrichous flagella that is capable of causing pneumonia, endocarditis, arthritis, peritonitis, and myonecrosis. C. sordellii bacteremia and sepsis occur rarely. Most cases of sepsis from C. sordellii occur in...

 --- clostridium sticklandii --- clostridium symbiosum --- clostridium tertium --- clostridium tetani

Clostridium tetani

Clostridium tetani is a rod-shaped, anaerobic bacterium of the genus Clostridium. Like other Clostridium species, it is Gram-positive, and its appearance on a gram stain resembles tennis rackets or drumsticks. C. tetani is found as spores in soil or in the gastrointestinal tract of animals. C...

 --- clostridium tetanomorphum --- clostridium thermocellum

Clostridium thermocellum

Clostridium thermocellum is an anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium. C. thermocellum has garnered research interest due to its cellulolytic and ethanologenic abilities, being capable of directly converting a cellulosic substrate into ethanol. This makes it useful in converting biomass into a usable...

 --- clostridium tyrobutyricum

Clostridium tyrobutyricum

Clostridium tyrobutyricum is a rod-shape, gram-positive bacteria that grows under anaerobic condition and produces butyric acid, acetic acid and hydrogen gas as their major fermentation products from glucose and xylose.-The late-blowing defect in Cheese:...

 --- micromonosporaceae

Micromonosporaceae

Micromonosporaceae is a family of bacteria of the order Actinomycetales. They are gram-positive, spore-forming soil organisms that form a true mycelium....

 --- micromonospora

Micromonospora

Micromonospora is a genus of bacteria of the family Micromonosporaceae. They are gram-positive, spore-forming, generally aerobic, and form a branched mycelium; they occur as saprotrophic forms in soil and water...

 --- saccharopolyspora

Saccharopolyspora

Saccharopolyspora is a genus of bacteria within the family Pseudonocardiaceae....

 --- streptomycetaceae

Streptomycetaceae

Streptomycetaceae is a family of Actinobacteria, making up to the monotypic suborder Streptomycineae. It includes the important genus Streptomyces. This was the original source of many antibiotics, namely streptomycin. Streptomycin was the first antibiotic against tuberculosis....

 --- streptomyces

Streptomyces

Streptomyces is the largest genus of Actinobacteria and the type genus of the family Streptomycetaceae. Over 500 species of Streptomyces bacteria have been described. As with the other Actinobacteria, streptomycetes are gram-positive, and have genomes with high guanine and cytosine content...

 --- streptomyces antibioticus --- streptomyces aureofaciens

Streptomyces aureofaciens

Streptomyces aureofaciens is a species of Streptomyces.It is the source of many tetracycline antibiotics....

 --- streptomyces coelicolor

Streptomyces coelicolor

Streptomyces coelicolor is a soil-dwelling Gram-positive bacterium that belongs to the genus Streptomyces.-Usage in biotechnology:Strains of S. coelicolor produce various antibiotics, including actinorhodin, methylenomycin, undecylprodigiosin, and perimycin. Certain strains of S. coelicolor can...

 --- streptomyces griseus

Streptomyces griseus

Streptomyces griseus is a member bacterial species of the genus Streptomyces and are commonly found in soil. A few strains have been also reported from deep sea sediments. These are Gram positive bacterium with high GC content. Along with most other streptomycetes S...

 --- streptomyces lividans

--- fusobacterium

Fusobacterium

Fusobacterium is a genus of filamentous, anaerobic, Gram-negative bacteria, similar to Bacteroides.Fusobacterium contribute to several human diseases, including periodontal diseases, Lemierre's syndrome, and topical skin ulcers...

--- fusobacterium necrophorum

Fusobacterium necrophorum

Fusobacterium necrophorum is the species of Fusobacterium that is responsible for Lemierre's syndrome, and appears to be responsible for 10% of all acute sore throats, 21% of all recurring sore throats, and 23% of peritonsillar abscesses with the remainder being caused by Group A streptococci or...

 --- fusobacterium nucleatum

Fusobacterium nucleatum

Fusobacterium nucleatum is an oral bacterium, indigenous to the human oral cavity, that plays a role in periodontal disease. This organism is commonly recovered from different monomicrobial and mixed infections in humans and animals...

--- anaplasmataceae

Anaplasmataceae

Anaplasmataceae is a Proteobacteria family that includes genera Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Neorickettsia and Wolbachia....

--- anaplasma

Anaplasma

Anaplasma is a genus of rickettsiales bacteria.Anaplasmas reside in host red blood cells and lead to the disease anaplasmosis. The disease most commonly occurs in tropical areas of the world....

 --- anaplasma centrale --- anaplasma marginale --- anaplasma ovis --- anaplasma phagocytophilum

Anaplasma phagocytophilum

Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a gram-negative bacterium that is unusual in its tropism to neutrophils...

 --- ehrlichia

Ehrlichia

Ehrlichia is a genus of rickettsiales bacteria. They are transmitted by ticks. Several species can cause infection in humans. The genus is named after German microbiologist Paul Ehrlich...

 --- ehrlichia canis

Ehrlichia canis

Ehrlichia canis is a species of Ehrlichiaaffecting dogs of all ages....

 --- ehrlichia chaffeensis

Ehrlichia chaffeensis

Ehrlichia chaffeensis is a species of rickettsiales bacteria.It is named for Fort Chaffee.It is the causative agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis....

 --- ehrlichia ruminantium --- neorickettsia

Neorickettsia

Species or Strains in this group are coccoid or pleomorphic cells that reside in cytoplasmic vacuoleswithin monocytes and macrophages of dogs, horses, bats, andhumans....

 --- neorickettsia risticii --- neorickettsia sennetsu

--- bartonellaceae

Bartonellaceae

The Bartonellaceae are a family of Rhizobiales that contains the genus Bartonella, which has eight species of bacteria which are pathogenic to humans....

--- bartonella

Bartonella

Bartonella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria. Facultative intracellular parasites, Bartonella species can infect healthy people but are considered especially important as opportunistic pathogens. Bartonella are transmitted by insect vectors such as ticks, fleas, sand flies and mosquitoes...

 --- bartonella bacilliformis

Bartonella bacilliformis

Bartonella bacilliformis is a proteobacterium, Gram negative aerobic, pleomorphic, flagellated, motile, coccobacillary, 2–3 μm large and 0.2–0.5 μm wide and facultative intracellular bacterium.-History:...

 --- bartonella henselae

Bartonella henselae

Bartonella henselae, formerly Rochalimæa, is a proteobacterium that can cause bacteremia, endocarditis, bacillary angiomatosis, and peliosis hepatis. It is also the causative agent of cat-scratch disease which, as the name suggests, occurs after a cat bite or scratch...

 --- bartonella quintana

Bartonella quintana

Bartonella quintana, originally known as Rochalimaea quintana, and "Rickettsia quintana", is a microorganism that is transmitted by the human body louse. This microorganism is the caustative agent of trench fever...

--- campylobacter

Campylobacter

Campylobacter is a genus of bacteria that are Gram-negative, spiral, and microaerophilic. Motile, with either unipolar or bipolar flagella, the organisms have a characteristic spiral/corkscrew appearance and are oxidase-positive. Campylobacter jejuni is now recognized as one of the main causes...

--- campylobacter coli --- campylobacter fetus

Campylobacter fetus

Campylobacter fetus is a species of Gram-negative, motile bacteria with a characteristic "S-shaped" rod morphology similar to members of the genus Vibrio. Like other members of the Campylobacter genus, C. fetus is oxidase-positive....

 --- campylobacter hyointestinalis --- campylobacter jejuni

Campylobacter jejuni

Campylobacter jejuni is a species of curved, helical-shaped, non-spore forming, Gram-negative, microaerophilic bacteria commonly found in animal feces. It is one of the most common causes of human gastroenteritis in the world. Food poisoning caused by Campylobacter species can be severely...

 --- campylobacter lari --- campylobacter rectus

Campylobacter rectus

Campylobacter rectus is a species of Campylobacter. It is implicated as a pathogen in chronic periodontitis which can induce bone loss. It is a gram negative motile, aerotolerant rod....

 --- campylobacter sputorum --- campylobacter upsaliensis

Campylobacter upsaliensis

Campylobacter upsaliensis is a species of campylobacter. It can be found in cats and dogs.-Etymology:Campylobacter upsaliensis is named after Uppsala, Sweden, where it was first discovered.- Pathogenesis :...

--- chlamydiales

Chlamydiales

The bacterial order Chlamydiales includes only obligately intracellular bacteria that have a chlamydia-like developmental cycle of replication and at least 80% 16S rRNA or 23S rRNA gene sequence identity with other members of Chlamydiales. Chlamydiales live in animals, insects, and protozoa...

--- chlamydiaceae

Chlamydiaceae

Chlamydiaceae is a family of bacteria that belongs to the Phylum Chlamydiae, Order Chlamydiales. All Chlamydiaceae species are Gram-negative and express the family-specific lipopolysaccharide epitope αKdo--αKdo--αKdo . Chlamydiaceae ribosomal RNA genes all have at least 90% DNA sequence identity...

 --- chlamydia --- chlamydia muridarum

Chlamydia muridarum

Chlamydia muridarum is an intracellular bacterial species that at one time belonged to Chlamydia trachomatis. However, C. trachomatis naturally only infects humans and C...

 --- chlamydia trachomatis

Chlamydia trachomatis

Chlamydia trachomatis, an obligate intracellular human pathogen, is one of three bacterial species in the genus Chlamydia. C. trachomatis is a Gram-negative bacteria, therefore its cell wall components retain the counter-stain safranin and appear pink under a light microscope.The inclusion bodies...

 --- chlamydophila

Chlamydophila

Chlamydophila is a bacterial genus belonging to the family Chlamydiaceae, order Chlamydiales, class/phylum Chlamydiae.-Taxonomy:Chlamydophila was recognized in 1999, with six species in Chlamydophila and three in the original genus, Chlamydia...

 --- chlamydophila pneumoniae

Chlamydophila pneumoniae

Chlamydophila pneumoniae is a species of Chlamydophila, an obligate intracellular bacteria that infects humans and is a major cause of pneumonia....

 --- chlamydophila psittaci

Chlamydophila psittaci

Chlamydophila psittaci is a lethal intracellular bacterial species that may cause endemic avian chlamydiosis, epizootic outbreaks in mammals, and respiratory psittacosis in humans. Chlamydophila psittaci is transmitted by inhalation, contact or ingestion among birds and to mammals...

--- gram-negative aerobic bacteria

--- caulobacter --- caulobacter crescentus

Caulobacter crescentus

Caulobacter crescentus is a Gram-negative, oligotrophic bacterium widely distributed in fresh water lakes and streams.Caulobacter is an important model organism for studying the regulation of the cell cycle, asymmetric cell division, and cellular differentiation. Caulobacter daughter cells have...

 --- gallionellaceae --- gram-negative aerobic rods and cocci --- acetobacteraceae --- acetobacter

Acetobacter

Acetobacter is a genus of acetic acid bacteria characterized by the ability to convert ethanol to acetic acid in the presence of oxygen. There are several species within this genus, and there are other bacteria capable of forming acetic acid under various conditions; but all of the Acetobacter are...

 --- acidiphilium

Acidiphilium

Acidiphilium is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria .-Etymology:The name Acidiphilium derives from:New Latin noun acidum , an acid; New Latin neuter gender adjective philum , friend, loving; New Latin neuter gender noun Acidiphilium , acid...

 --- gluconobacter --- gluconobacter oxydans --- acidithiobacillus

Acidithiobacillus

Acidithiobacillus is a genus of Proteobacteria. Like all Proteobacteria, Acidithiobacillus is Gram-negative. The members of this genus used to belong to Thiobacillus, before they were reclassified in the year 2000....

 --- acidithiobacillus thiooxidans --- afipia --- alcaligenaceae

Alcaligenaceae

The Alcaligenaceae are a family of bacteria, included in the order Burkholderiales. Members are found in water, soil, animals and humans. Some species, like some of Bordetella, are pathogen for humans and for some animals....

 --- achromobacter

Achromobacter

The Achromobacter are a genus of bacteria, included in the order Burkholderiales. The cells are straight rods and are motile by using 1 – 20 peritrichous flagella. They are strictly aerobic and are found in water and soils....

 --- achromobacter cycloclastes --- achromobacter denitrificans --- alcaligenes

Alcaligenes

Alcaligenes is a genus of Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria. The species are motile with one or more peritrichous flagella.Alcaligenes species have been used for the industrial production of non-standard amino acids; A. eutrophus also produces the biopolymer polyhydroxybutyrate .-External...

 --- alcaligenes faecalis

Alcaligenes faecalis

Alcaligenes faecalis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile, non-nitrate reducing, oxidase positive, catalase positive, beta hemolytic, and citrate positive obligate aerobe that is commonly found in the environment. It was originally named for its first discovery in feces, but was later found to be...

 --- bordetella

Bordetella

Bordetella is a genus of small , Gram-negative coccobacilli of the phylum proteobacteria. Bordetella species, with the exception of B. petrii, are obligate aerobes as well as highly fastidious, or difficult to culture. Three species are human pathogens ; one of these Bordetella is a genus of small...

 --- bordetella avium --- bordetella bronchiseptica

Bordetella bronchiseptica

Bordetella bronchiseptica is a small, gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium of the genus Bordetella. It can cause infectious bronchitis, but rarely infects humans. Closely related to B. pertussis—the obligate human pathogen that causes pertussis or whooping cough—B...

 --- bordetella parapertussis

Bordetella parapertussis

Bordetella parapertussis is a small Gram-negative bacterium of the genus Bordetella which is adapted to colonise the mammalian respiratory tract. Pertussis caused by B. parapertussis manifests with similar symptoms to B. pertussis-derived disease but tends to be generally less severe. Immunity...

 --- bordetella pertussis

Bordetella pertussis

Bordetella pertussis is a Gram-negative, aerobic coccobacillus of the genus Bordetella, and the causative agent of pertussis or whooping cough. Unlike B. bronchiseptica, B. pertussis is non-motile. Its virulence factors include pertussis toxin, filamentous hæmagglutinin, pertactin, fimbria, and...

 --- taylorella

Taylorella

Taylorella is a genus of the Alcaligenaceae of the ordo of the Burkholderiales. The cells are usually rod-shaped.There are two species of Taylorella:* Taylorella equigenitalis: causes the Contagious Equine Metritis in horses....

 --- taylorella equigenitalis

Taylorella equigenitalis

Taylorella equigenitalis is a Gram-negative bacterium of the genus Taylorella, and the causative agent of Contagious Equine Metritis in horses.-External links:...

 --- alteromonas

Alteromonas

Alteromonas is a genus of Proteobacteria found in sea water, either in the open ocean or in the coast. It is gram-negative. Its organelles consist of curved rods and a single polar flagellum.-Etymology:...

 --- azorhizobium

Azorhizobium

Azorhizobium is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria. They fix nitrogen in symbiosis with plants in the genus Sesbania. Strain ORS571 of A. caulinodans has been fully sequenced....

 --- azorhizobium caulinodans

Azorhizobium caulinodans

Azorhizobium caulinodans is a species of bacteria, which forms a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with plants of the genus Sesbania....

 --- azotobacteraceae

Azotobacteraceae

The family Azotobacteraceae contains aerobic diazotrophs with two Genera, Azomonas and Azotobacter, distinguished by the ability to form cysts. The family is also characterized by variable cell shape, the classic shape being ovoid while many are pleomorphic...

 --- azotobacter

Azotobacter

Azotobacter is a genus of usually motile, oval or spherical bacteria that form thick-walled cysts and may produce large quantities of capsular slime. They are aerobic, free-living soil microbes which play an important role in the nitrogen cycle in nature, binding atmospheric nitrogen, which is...

 --- azotobacter vinelandii

Azotobacter vinelandii

Azotobacter vinelandii is diazotroph that can fix nitrogen while grown aerobically. It is a genetically tractable system that is used to study nitrogen fixation...

 --- bdellovibrio

Bdellovibrio

Bdellovibrio is a genus of Gram-negative, obligate aerobic bacteria.One of the more notable characteristics of this genus is that members parasitize other Gram-negative bacteria by entering into their periplasmic space and feeding on the biopolymers, e.g. proteins and nucleic acids, of their hosts...

 --- bradyrhizobiaceae

Bradyrhizobiaceae

The Bradyrhizobiaceae are a family of bacteria, with ten genera. They include plant-associated bacteria such as Bradyrhizobium, a genus of rhizobia associated with some legumes. It also contains animal-associated bacteria such as Afipia felis, formerly thought to cause cat-scratch disease...

 --- afipia --- bradyrhizobium

Bradyrhizobium

Bradyrhizobium is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria, many of which fix nitrogen. Nitrogen fixation is an important part of the nitrogen cycle. Plants cannot use atmospheric nitrogen they must use nitrogen compounds such as nitrates....

 --- nitrobacter

Nitrobacter

Nitrobacter is genus of mostly rod-shaped, gram-negative, and chemoautotrophic bacteria.Nitrobacter plays an important role in the nitrogen cycle by oxidizing nitrite into nitrate in soil...

 --- rhodopseudomonas --- bradyrhizobium

Bradyrhizobium

Bradyrhizobium is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria, many of which fix nitrogen. Nitrogen fixation is an important part of the nitrogen cycle. Plants cannot use atmospheric nitrogen they must use nitrogen compounds such as nitrates....

 --- brucellaceae

Brucellaceae

The Brucellaceae are a family of the gram-negative Rhizobiales. They are named after Sir David Bruce, a Scottish microbiologist. They are aerobic chemoorganotrophes.. The family comprises pathogen and soil bacteria...

 --- brucella

Brucella

Brucella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria. They are small , non-motile, non-encapsulated coccobacilli, which function as facultative intracellular parasites....

 --- brucella abortus --- brucella canis

Brucella canis

Brucella canis is a gram-negative proteobacterium in the family Brucellaceae that causes brucellosis in dogs and other canids. Bacteria B. canis are rod-shaped or cocci, oxidase, catalase, and urease positive. The species was firstly described in USA in 1966 where mass abortions of beagles were...

 --- brucella melitensis

Brucella melitensis

-Introduction:Brucella melitensis is a gram negative coccobacillus bacteria from the Brucellaceae family. The bacterium causes Ovine Brucellosis, along with Brucella ovis. It can infect sheep, cattle, and sometimes humans and it can be transmitted by the stable fly...

 --- brucella ovis

Brucella ovis

Brucella ovis is a gram negative coccobacillus from the Brucellaceae family. Along with Brucella melitensis, it is responsible for causing Ovine Brucellosis, which is a notifiable disease...

 --- brucella suis --- burkholderiaceae

Burkholderiaceae

The Burkholderiaceae are a family of bacteria, included in the order Burkholderiales. It includes some pathogenic species, like Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei .-External links:...

 --- burkholderia

Burkholderia

Burkholderia is a genus of proteobacteria probably best known for its pathogenic members:Burkholderia mallei, responsible for glanders, a disease that occurs mostly in horses and related animals;...

 --- burkholderia cepacia complex

Burkholderia cepacia complex

Burkholderia cepacia complex , or simply Burkholderia cepacia is a group of catalase-producing, non-lactose-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria composed of at least seventeen different species, including B. cepacia, B. multivorans, B. cenocepacia, B. vietnamiensis, B. stabilis, B. ambifaria, B....

 --- burkholderia cepacia --- burkholderia gladioli

Burkholderia gladioli

Burkholderia gladioli is a species of aerobic gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria that causes disease in both humans and plants. It can also live in symbiosis with plants and fungi and is found in soil, water, the rhizosphere, and in many animals...

 --- burkholderia mallei

Burkholderia mallei

Burkholderia mallei is a gram-negative bipolar aerobic bacterium, a Burkholderia-genus human and animal pathogen causing Glanders; the Latin name of this disease gave name to the causative agent species...

 --- burkholderia pseudomallei

Burkholderia pseudomallei

Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative, bipolar, aerobic, motile rod-shaped bacterium. It infects humans and animals and causes the disease melioidosis. It is also capable of infecting plants....

 --- caulobacteraceae

Caulobacteraceae

Caulobacteraceae is a family of proteobacteria, given its own order within the alpha subgroup. Like all Proteobacteria, the Caulobacteraceae are gram-negative. Caulobacteraceae includes genera Brevundimonas and Caulobacter.-References:...

 --- caulobacter --- caulobacter crescentus

Caulobacter crescentus

Caulobacter crescentus is a Gram-negative, oligotrophic bacterium widely distributed in fresh water lakes and streams.Caulobacter is an important model organism for studying the regulation of the cell cycle, asymmetric cell division, and cellular differentiation. Caulobacter daughter cells have...

 --- cellvibrio

Cellvibrio

Cellvibrio is a genus of gamma proteobacteria....

 --- comamonadaceae

Comamonadaceae

The Comamonadaceae are a family of the Beta Proteobacteria. Like all Proteobacteria, they are Gram-negative. They are aerobic and most of the species are motile via flagella and curved rod-shaped.-References:...

 --- comamonas

Comamonas

The Comamonas are a genus of Proteobacteria....

 --- comamonas testosteroni

Comamonas testosteroni

Comamonas testosteroni is a Gram-negative soil bacterium. Strain I2gfp has been used in bioaugmentation trials, in attempts to treat the industrial by-product 3-chloroaniline....

 --- delftia

Delftia

Delftia is a genus of Comamonad bacteria....

 --- delftia acidovorans

Delftia acidovorans

Delftia acidivorans is a Gram-negative bacterium known for its ability, together with another bacterium species, Cupriavidus metallidurans, to produce gold nuggets. Layers of these bacteria dissolve gold into nanoparticles. These nanoparticles are able to move through rocks and soil and can be...

 --- leptothrix --- sphaerotilus --- coxiellaceae

Coxiellaceae

Coxiellaceae is a family in the order Legionellales.Coxiella burnetii is a species in this order.Another is Rickettsiella melolonthae....

 --- coxiella

Coxiella

Coxiella refers to a genus of Gram-negative bacteria in the family Coxiellaceae. It is named after Harold Herald Rea Cox , an American bacteriologist. Coxiella burnetii is the only member of this genus...

 --- coxiella burnetii

Coxiella burnetii

Coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen, and is the causative agent of Q fever. The genus Coxiella is morphologically similar to Rickettsia, but with a variety of genetic and physiological differences. C...

 --- flavobacteriaceae

Flavobacteriaceae

The family Flavobacteriaceae is composed of environmental bacteria. Most species are aerobic, some are microaerobic to anaerobic, for example Ornithobacterium, Capnocytophaga and Coenonia....

 --- chryseobacterium

Chryseobacterium

Chryseobacterium is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria. Three novel cold-tolerant species of Chryseobacterium, C. oranimense C. haifense, and C. bovis, have been detected in raw milk in Israel....

 --- flavobacterium

Flavobacterium

Flavobacterium is a genus of Gram-negative, non-motile and motile, rod-shaped bacteria that consists of ten recognized species, as well as three newly proposed species . Flavobacteria are found in soil and fresh water in a variety of environments...

 --- ornithobacterium --- flexibacteraceae

Flexibacteraceae

The family Flexibacteraceae is composed of eleven genera of environmental bacteria....

 --- cytophaga

Cytophaga

Cytophaga is a genus of Gram-negative, gliding, rod-shaped bacteria.-Species:The following are some species in Cytophaga:* Cytophaga columnaris — the cause of columnaris disease in salmonid fish, as associated with increased water temperature; it is characterized by white necrotic plaques...

 --- flexibacter

Flexibacter

Flexibacter is a genus of bacteria consisting of some seventeen strains , known for their yellow hue.Etymology: L. part. adj. flexus , bent, winding; N.L. masc. n. bacter, rod; N.L. masc. n. Flexibacter, intended to mean flexible rod....

 --- francisella

Francisella

Francisella is a genus of pathogenic, Gram-negative bacteria. They are small coccobacillary or rod-shaped, non-motile organisms, which are also facultative intracellular parasites of macrophages...

 --- francisella tularensis

Francisella tularensis

Francisella tularensis is a pathogenic species of gram-negative bacteria and the causative agent of tularemia or rabbit fever. It is a facultative intracellular bacterium....

 --- gluconacetobacter --- gluconacetobacter xylinus --- halomonadaceae

Halomonadaceae

The Halomonadaceae are a family of halophilic Proteobacteria.-History:The family was originally created in 1988 to contain the genera Halomonas and Deleya....

 --- halomonas

Halomonas

Halomonas is a genus of halophilic Proteobacteria. It grows over the range of 5 to 25% NaClThe type species of this genus is Halomonas elongata,.-Etymology:...

 --- halothiobacillus

Halothiobacillus

Halothiobacillus is a genus of Proteobacteria. All species are obligate aerobic bacteria, they requires oxygen to grow. They are also halophile, they live in environments with high concentrations of salt....

 --- legionellaceae --- legionella

Legionella

Legionella is a pathogenic Gram negative bacterium, including species that cause legionellosis or Legionnaires' disease, most notably L. pneumophila. It may be readily visualized with a silver stain....

 --- legionella longbeachae

Legionella longbeachae

Legionella longbeachae is one species of the family Legionellaceae. It was first isolated from a patient in Long Beach, California. It is found predominantly in soil and potting compost. In humans, the infection is sometimes called Pontiac Fever. Human infection from L...

 --- legionella pneumophila

Legionella pneumophila

Legionella pneumophila is a thin, ærobic, pleomorphic, flagellated, non-spore forming, Gram-negative bacterium of the genus Legionella. L. pneumophila is the primary human pathogenic bacterium in this group and is the causative agent of legionellosis or Legionnaires' disease.-Characterization:L...

 --- leptospiraceae

Leptospiraceae

Leptospiraceae is a family of spirochetes.It includes the genus Leptospira....

 --- leptospira

Leptospira

Leptospira is a genus of spirochaete bacteria, including a small number of pathogenic and saprophytic species...

 --- leptospira interrogans

Leptospira interrogans

Leptospira interrogans is a species of Leptospira, which is a gram negative obligate aerobe spirochete, with periplasmic flagellum. The two important pathogenic serovars from this species are Canicola and Icterohaemorrhagiae. These reside in alkaline water, alkaline soil and can survive in these...

 --- leptospira interrogans serovar australis --- leptospira interrogans serovar autumnalis --- leptospira interrogans serovar canicola --- leptospira interrogans serovar hebdomadis --- leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae --- leptospira interrogans serovar pomona --- methylobacteriaceae

Methylobacteriaceae

The Methylobacteriaceae are a family of Rhizobiales....

 --- methylobacterium

Methylobacterium

The Methylobacteria are a genus of Rhizobiales.http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/MethylobacteriumPhylogenetic treehttp://www.oeb.harvard.edu/faculty/marx/images/clip_image004copy.gif...

 --- methylobacterium extorquens

Methylobacterium extorquens

Methylobacterium extorquens is a Gram-negative bacterium....

 --- methylococcaceae

Methylococcaceae

The Methylococcaceae are a family of bacteria that obtain their carbon and energy from methane, called methanotrophs. They comprise the type I methanotrophs, in contrast to the Methylocystaceae or type II methanotrophs...

 --- methylococcus --- methylococcus capsulatus

Methylococcus capsulatus

Methylococcus capsulatus is an obligately methanotrophic gram-negative, non-motile coccoid bacterium. M. capsulatus cells are encapsulated and tend to have a diplococcoid arrangement. In addition to methane, M. capsulatus is able to oxidize some organic hydrogen containing compounds such as...

 --- methylomonas

Methylomonas

The Methylomonas are a genus of bacteria that obtain their carbon and energy from methane, a metabolic process called methanotrophy....

 --- methylophilaceae

Methylophilaceae

The Methylophilaceae are a family of Proteobacteria, given their own order. Like all Proteobacteria, they are gram-negative. The cells are slightly curved or straight rod-shaped.-External links:...

 --- methylobacillus

Methylobacillus

The Methylobacillus are a genus of Gram-negative methylotrophic bacteria. The cells are rod shaped.-External links:* J.P. Euzéby: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature...

 --- methylophilus --- methylophilus methylotrophus --- moraxellaceae

Moraxellaceae

The Moraxellaceae are a family of Gammaproteobacteria, including a few pathogenic species. Other are harmless parasites of mammals and humans or occur in water or soil...

 --- acinetobacter

Acinetobacter

Acinetobacter [asz−in−ée−toe–back−ter] is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the Gammaproteobacteria. Acinetobacter species are non-motile and oxidase-negative, and occur in pairs under magnification....

 --- acinetobacter baumannii

Acinetobacter baumannii

Acinetobacter baumannii is a species of pathogenic bacteria, referred to as an aerobic gram-negative bacterium, that is resistant to most antibiotics. As a result of its resistance to drug treatment, some estimates state the disease is killing tens of thousands of U.S...

 --- acinetobacter calcoaceticus

Acinetobacter calcoaceticus

Acinetobacter calcoaceticus is a species of bacteria part of the Human body normal flora.Phloroglucinol carboxylic acid is a degradation product excreted by A. calcoaceticus grown on -catechin as sole source of carbon.-External links:*...

 --- moraxella

Moraxella

Moraxella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria in the Moraxellaceae family. It is named after the Swiss ophthalmologist Victor Morax. The organisms are short rods, coccobacilli or, as in the case of Moraxella catarrhalis, diplococci in morphology, with asaccharolytic, oxidase-positive and...

 --- moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis --- moraxella (moraxella) bovis --- psychrobacter --- neisseriaceae

Neisseriaceae

The Neisseriaceae are a family of Proteobacteria, given their own order. While many organisms in the family are mammalian commensals or part of the normal flora, the genus Neisseria includes 2 important human pathogens, specifically those responsible for gonorrhea and many cases of meningitis...

 --- kingella --- kingella kingae

Kingella kingae

Kingella kingae is a species of gram-negative aerobic coccobacilli. First isolated in 1960, it was not until the 1990s that culture techniques improved enough for it to become recognized as a significant cause of infection in young children...

 --- neisseria

Neisseria

The Neisseria is a large genus of commensal bacteria that colonize the mucosal surfaces of many animals. Of the 11 species that colonize humans, only two are pathogens. N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae often cause asymptomatic infections, a commensal-like behavior...

 --- neisseria cinerea --- neisseria elongata

Neisseria elongata

Neisseria elongata is a Gram negative bacterium and is different from the other cocci shaped members of the genus Neisseria as it is rod shaped. Unlike other Neisseria it is catalase negative....

 --- neisseria gonorrhoeae

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Neisseria gonorrhoeae, also known as gonococci , or gonococcus , is a species of Gram-negative coffee bean-shaped diplococci bacteria responsible for the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea.N...

 --- neisseria lactamica

Neisseria lactamica

Neisseria lactamica is a gram-negative diplococcus bacterium. It is strictly a commensal species of the nasopharynx. Uniquely among the Neisseria they are able to produce β-D-galactosidase and ferment lactose ....

 --- neisseria meningitidis

Neisseria meningitidis

Neisseria meningitidis, often referred to as meningococcus, is a bacterium that can cause meningitis and other forms of meningococcal disease such as meningococcemia, a life threatening sepsis. N. meningitidis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality during childhood in industrialized countries...

 --- neisseria meningitidis, serogroup a --- neisseria meningitidis, serogroup b --- neisseria meningitidis, serogroup c --- neisseria meningitidis, serogroup w-135 --- neisseria meningitidis, serogroup y --- neisseria mucosa

Neisseria mucosa

Neisseria mucosa is a species of Neisseria.It is notable among Neisseria for its ability to metabolize sucrose.It can cause Endocarditis....

 --- neisseria sicca

Neisseria sicca

Neisseria sicca is a commensal organism belonging to the genus Neisseria. It is gram-negative and oxidase-positive. There are multiple strains of this species, some of which are reported to have caused septicaemia in immunocompromised patients. These bacteria are the first among Neisseria species...

 --- nitrosomonadaceae --- nitrosomonas

Nitrosomonas

Nitrosomonas is a genus comprising rod shaped chemoautotrophic bacteria.This rare bacteria oxidizes ammonia into nitrite as a metabolic process. Nitrosomonas are useful in treatment of industrial and sewage waste and in the process of bioremediation. They are important in the nitrogen cycle by...

 --- nitrosomonas europaea --- ochrobactrum --- ochrobactrum anthropi --- oxalobacteraceae

Oxalobacteraceae

The Oxalobacteraceae are a family of bacteria, included in the order Burkholderiales. Like all Proteobacteria, Oxalobacteraceae are gram-negative. The Family includes strict aerobes, strict anaerobes, and also nitrogen-fixing members....

 --- herbaspirillum

Herbaspirillum

Herbaspirillum is a genus of bacteria, including the nitrogen fixing Herbaspirillum lusitanum, which nodulates Phaseolus vulgaris....

 --- paracoccus

Paracoccus

In taxonomy, Paracoccus is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.-External links:...

 --- paracoccus denitrificans

Paracoccus denitrificans

Paracoccus denitrificans, is a coccoid bacterium known for its nitrate reducing properties, its ability to replicate under conditions of hypergravity and for being the possible ancestor of the eukaryotic mitochondrion .-Description:...

 --- paracoccus pantotrophus --- pseudoalteromonas

Pseudoalteromonas

Pseudoalteromonas is a genus of marine bacterium.-Species:*Pseudoalteromonas agarivorans *Pseudoalteromonas antarctica *Pseudoalteromonas atlantica...

 --- pseudomonadaceae

Pseudomonadaceae

The Pseudomonadaceae is a family of bacteria that includes the genera Azomonas, Azomonotrichon, Azorhizophilus, Azotobacter, Cellvibrio, Mesophilobacter, Pseudomonas , Rhizobacter, Rugamonas, and Serpens...

 --- pseudomonas

Pseudomonas

Pseudomonas is a genus of gammaproteobacteria, belonging to the family Pseudomonadaceae containing 191 validly described species.Recently, 16S rRNA sequence analysis has redefined the taxonomy of many bacterial species. As a result, the genus Pseudomonas includes strains formerly classified in the...

 --- pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common bacterium that can cause disease in animals, including humans. It is found in soil, water, skin flora, and most man-made environments throughout the world. It thrives not only in normal atmospheres, but also in hypoxic atmospheres, and has, thus, colonized many...

 --- pseudomonas alcaligenes

Pseudomonas alcaligenes

Pseudomonas alcaligenes is a Gram-negative aerobic bacterium used as a soil inoculant for bioremediation purposes, as it can degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. It can be a human pathogen but occurrences are very rare. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, P. alcaligenes has been placed in the P....

 --- pseudomonas fluorescens

Pseudomonas fluorescens

Pseudomonas fluorescens is a common Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium. It belongs to the Pseudomonas genus; 16S rRNA analysis has placed P. fluorescens in the P. fluorescens group within the genus, to which it lends its name....

 --- pseudomonas fragi

Pseudomonas fragi

Pseudomonas fragi is a psychrophilic, Gram-negative bacterium that is responsible for dairy spoilage. Unlike many other members of the Pseudomonas genus, P. fragi does not produce siderophores. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, P. fragi has been placed in the P. chlororaphis group....

 --- pseudomonas mendocina

Pseudomonas mendocina

Pseudomonas mendocina is a Gram-negative environmental bacterium that can cause opportunistic nosocomial infections, such as infective endocarditis and spondylodiscitis, although cases are very rare. It has potential use in bioremediation as it is able to degrade toluene. Based on 16S rRNA...

 --- pseudomonas oleovorans

Pseudomonas oleovorans

Pseudomonas oleovorans is a Gram-negative, methylotrophic bacterium that is a source of rubredoxin . It was first isolated in water-oil emulsions used as lubricants and cooling agents for cutting metals. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, P. oleovorans has been placed in the P. aeruginosa group....

 --- pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes

Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes

Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes is an aerobic, Gram negative soil bacterium that was first isolated from swimming pool water. It is able to use cyanide as a nitrogen source, and as a result it may be used for bioremediation. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, P. pseudoalcaligenes has been placed in the P....

 --- pseudomonas putida

Pseudomonas putida

Pseudomonas putida is a gram-negative rod-shaped saprotrophic soil bacterium. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, P. putida has been placed in the P. putida group, to which it lends its name....

 --- pseudomonas stutzeri

Pseudomonas stutzeri

Pseudomonas stutzeri is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile, single polar-flagellated, soil bacterium first isolated from human spinal fluid.. It is a denitrifying bacterium, and strain KC of P. stutzeri may be used for bioremediation as it is able to degrade carbon tetrachloride. It is also an...

 --- pseudomonas syringae

Pseudomonas syringae

Pseudomonas syringae is a rod shaped, Gram-negative bacterium with polar flagella. It is a plant pathogen which can infect a wide range of plant species, and exists as over 50 different pathovars, all of which are available to legitimate researches via international culture collections such as the...

 --- ralstoniaceae

Ralstoniaceae

The Ralstoniaceae are a family of gram-negative bacteria, included in the order Burkholderiales. It consists of a single genus, Ralstonia....

 --- ralstonia

Ralstonia

Ralstonia is a genus of proteobacteria, previously included in the genus Pseudomonas. It is named after the American bacteriologist E. Ralston.-Genomics:* *...

 --- ralstonia pickettii

Ralstonia pickettii

Ralstonia pickettii is a Gram-negative soil bacterium....

 --- ralstonia solanacearum

Ralstonia solanacearum

Ralstonia solanacearum is an aerobic non-sporing, Gram-negative plant pathogenic bacterium. R. solanacearum is soil-borne and motile with a polar flagellar tuft. It colonises the xylem, causing bacterial wilt in a very wide range of potential host plants...

 --- wautersia --- wautersia eutropha --- rhizobiaceae

Rhizobiaceae

The Rhizobiaceae are a family of proteobacteria, including many species of rhizobia as well as plant parasites like Agrobacterium. Rhizobiaceae are, like all Proteobacteria, gram-negative. They are aerobic and the cells are usually rod-shaped. Many species of the Rhizobiaceae are diazotrophs, they...

 --- rhizobium

Rhizobium

Rhizobium is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. Rhizobium forms an endosymbiotic nitrogen fixing association with roots of legumes and Parasponia....

 --- rhizobium etli --- rhizobium leguminosarum --- rhizobium phaseoli --- rhizobium radiobacter --- rhizobium tropici --- sinorhizobium

Sinorhizobium

Sinorhizobium/Ensifer is a genus of nitrogen-fixing bacteria , two of which have been sequenced.-Etymology:...

 --- sinorhizobium fredii --- sinorhizobium meliloti

Sinorhizobium meliloti

Sinorhizobium meliloti is a Gram-negative nitrogen-fixing bacterium . It forms a symbiotic relationship with legumes from the genera Medicago, Melilotus and Trigonella, including the model legume Medicago truncatula. This symbiosis results in a new plant organ termed a root nodule. The S...

 --- rhodospirillaceae

Rhodospirillaceae

The Rhodospirillaceae are a family of Proteobacteria. The majority are purple non-sulfur bacteria, producing energy through photosynthesis; originally all purple non-sulfur bacteria were included here...

 --- azospirillum --- azospirillum brasilense --- azospirillum lipoferum --- magnetospirillum

Magnetospirillum

Magnetospirillum is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic genus of magnetotactic bacterium, first isolated from pond water by the microbiologist R. P. Blakemore in 1975. It is characterized by a spirillar, or helical, morphology. It is also a motile bacterium owing to the presence of a polar flagellum...

 --- rhodospirillum --- rhodospirillum centenum --- rhodospirillum rubrum

Rhodospirillum rubrum

Rhodospirillum rubrum is a Gram-negative, purple-coloured Proteobacterium, with a size of 800 to 1000 nanometers.It is a facultative anaerobe, it can therefore use alcoholic fermentation under low oxygen conditions or use aerobic respiration in aerobic conditions. Under aerobic growth...

 --- rhodothermus --- sphingobacterium --- sphingomonas

Sphingomonas

Sphingomonas was defined in 1990 as a group of Gram-negative, rod-shaped, chemoheterotrophic, strictly aerobic bacteria. They possess ubiquinone 10 as their major respiratory quinone, contain glycosphingolipids instead of lipopolysaccharide in their cell envelopes, and typically produce...

 --- thermus --- thermus thermophilus

Thermus thermophilus

Thermus thermophilus is a Gram negative eubacterium used in a range of biotechnological applications, including as a model organism for genetic manipulation, structural genomics, and systems biology. The bacterium is extremely thermophilic, with an optimal growth temperature of about...

 --- xanthobacter --- xanthomonadaceae

Xanthomonadaceae

The Xanthomonadaceae are a family of Proteobacteria, given their own order....

 --- stenotrophomonas

Stenotrophomonas

Stenotrophomonas is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria. With species ranging from common soil organisms to opportunistic human pathogens , the molecular taxonomy of the genus is still somewhat unclear....

 --- stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an aerobic, nonfermentative, Gram-negative bacterium. It is an uncommon bacterium and human infection is difficult to treat. Initially classified as Pseudomonas maltophilia, S. maltophilia was also grouped in the genus Xanthomonas before eventually becoming the type...

 --- xanthomonas

Xanthomonas

Xanthomonas is a genus of Proteobacteria, many of which cause plant diseases. Most varieties of Xanthomonas are available from the National Collection of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria in the United Kingdom and other international culture collections such as ICMP in New Zealand, CFBP in France, and...

 --- xanthomonas campestris

Xanthomonas campestris

Xanthomonas campestris is a bacterial species that causes a variety of plant diseases. Available from the NCPPB,and other international Culture collections such as ICMP, ATCC, and LMG in a purified form, it is used in the commercial production of a high-molecular-weight polysaccharide - xanthan...

 --- xanthomonas vesicatoria --- xylella --- zoogloea --- gram-negative chemolithotrophic bacteria --- thiobacillus --- thiotrichaceae

Thiotrichaceae

The Thiotrichaceae are a family of Proteobacteria, including Thiomargarita namibiensis, the largest known bacterium....

 --- vitreoscilla

--- gram-negative anaerobic bacteria

--- gram-negative anaerobic cocci --- megasphaera --- thiocapsa --- thiocapsa roseopersicina --- gram-negative anaerobic straight, curved, and helical rods --- acidaminococcaceae --- acidaminococcus

Acidaminococcus

Acidaminococcus is a genus in the phylum Firmicutes , whose members are anaerobic diplococci that can use amino acids as the sole energy source for growth...

 --- pectinatus

Pectinatus

Pectinatus is a genus of Firmicutes bacteria classified within the class Negativicutes....

 --- selenomonas --- veillonella

Veillonella

Veillonella are gram-negative anaerobic cocci. This bacterium is well known for its lactate fermenting abilities. They are a normal bacterium in the intestines and oral mucosa of mammals...

 --- anaerobiospirillum

Anaerobiospirillum

Anaerobiospirillum is a gram-negative anaerobic bacteria recognized as human flora in human gastrointestinal tract, mainly in the human feces....

 --- bacteroidaceae

Bacteroidaceae

The family Bacteroidaceae is composed of six genera of environmental bacteria....

 --- bacteroides

Bacteroides

Bacteroides is a genus of Gram-negative, bacillus bacteria. Bacteroides species are non-endospore-forming, anaerobes, and may be either motile or non-motile, depending on the species. The DNA base composition is 40-48% GC. Unusual in bacterial organisms, Bacteroides membranes contain sphingolipids...

 --- bacteroides fragilis

Bacteroides fragilis

Bacteroides fragilis is a Gram-negative bacillus bacterium species, and an obligate anaerobe of the gut.B. fragilis group is the most commonly isolated bacteriodaceae in anaerobic infections especially those that originate from the gastrointestinal flora. B. fragilis is the most prevalent organism...

 --- porphyromonas --- porphyromonas endodontalis --- porphyromonas gingivalis

Porphyromonas gingivalis

Porphyromonas gingivalis belongs to the phylum Bacteroidetes and is a non-motile, gram-negative, rod-shaped, anaerobic pathogenic bacterium. It forms black colonies on blood agar....

 --- prevotella

Prevotella

Prevotella is a genus of bacteria.Bacteroides melaninogenicus has recently been reclassified and split into Prevotella melaninogenica and Prevotella intermedia....

 --- prevotella intermedia

Prevotella intermedia

Prevotella intermedia is a gram-negative obligate anaerobic pathogen involved in periodontal infections, including gingivitis and periodontitis, and often found in Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis . It is commonly isolated from Dentoalveolar abscesses, where obligate anaerobes...

 --- prevotella melaninogenica --- prevotella nigrescens --- prevotella ruminicola --- bilophila --- butyrivibrio

Butyrivibrio

Butyrivibrio is a genus of bacteria in Class Clostridia. Bacteria of this genus are common in the gastrointestinal systems of many animals. Genus Butyrivibrio was first described by Bryant and Small as anaerobic, butyric acid-producing, curved rods . Butyrivibrio cells are small, typically 0.4 –...

 --- chlorobium

Chlorobium

Chlorobium is a genus of green sulfur bacteria. They are photolithotrophic oxidizers of sulfur and most notably utilise a noncyclic electron transport chain to reduce NAD+...

 --- chromatium

Chromatium

Chromatium is a genus of photoautotrophic Gram-negative bacteria, also known as purple sulfur bacteria, which are found in water. These bacteria oxidize sulfide to produce sulfur which is deposited in intracellular granules of the cytoplasm. They also couple oxidation of other metals, like iron, in...

 --- desulfovibrio

Desulfovibrio

Desulfovibrio is a genus of Gram negative sulfate-reducing bacteria. Some species of Desulfovibrio are capable of transduction. Desulfovibrio species are commonly found in aquatic environments with high levels of organic material, as well as in water-logged soils, and form major community members...

 --- desulfovibrio africanus --- desulfovibrio desulfuricans --- desulfovibrio gigas --- desulfovibrio vulgaris

Desulfovibrio vulgaris

Desulfovibrio vulgaris is a species of Gram-negative sulfate-reducing bacteria in the Desulfovibrionaceae family....

 --- desulfuromonas --- dichelobacter nodosus

Dichelobacter nodosus

Dichelobacter nodosus, formerly Bacteroides nodosus, is a Gram-negative, obligate anaerobe of the family Cardiobacteriaceae. It has polar fimbriae and is the causative agent of ovine foot rot. It is the lone species in the genus Dichelobacter.-External...

 --- ectothiorhodospiraceae

Ectothiorhodospiraceae

The Ectothiorhodospiraceae are a family of purple sulfur bacteria, distinguished by producing sulfur globules outside of their cells. They are generally marine....

 --- ectothiorhodospira --- ectothiorhodospira shaposhnikovii --- halorhodospira halophila --- fibrobacter --- fusobacterium

Fusobacterium

Fusobacterium is a genus of filamentous, anaerobic, Gram-negative bacteria, similar to Bacteroides.Fusobacterium contribute to several human diseases, including periodontal diseases, Lemierre's syndrome, and topical skin ulcers...

 --- fusobacterium necrophorum

Fusobacterium necrophorum

Fusobacterium necrophorum is the species of Fusobacterium that is responsible for Lemierre's syndrome, and appears to be responsible for 10% of all acute sore throats, 21% of all recurring sore throats, and 23% of peritonsillar abscesses with the remainder being caused by Group A streptococci or...

 --- fusobacterium nucleatum

Fusobacterium nucleatum

Fusobacterium nucleatum is an oral bacterium, indigenous to the human oral cavity, that plays a role in periodontal disease. This organism is commonly recovered from different monomicrobial and mixed infections in humans and animals...

 --- geobacter

Geobacter

Geobacter is a genus of proteobacteria. Geobacter are an anaerobic respiration bacterial species which have capabilities that make them useful in bioremediation...

 --- leptotrichia --- oxalobacter formigenes

Oxalobacter formigenes

Oxalobacter formigenes is an oxalate-degrading anaerobic bacterium that colonizes the large intestine of numerous vertebrates, including humans. O. formigenes and humans share a beneficial symbiosis....

 --- propionigenium --- selenomonas --- spirochaetaceae

Spirochaetaceae

Spirochaetaceae is a family of spirochetes most notable for the genus that causes Lyme disease and relapsing fever....

 --- borrelia

Borrelia

Borrelia is a genus of bacteria of the spirochete phylum. It causes borreliosis, a zoonotic, vector-borne disease transmitted primarily by ticks and some by lice, depending on the species...

 --- borrelia burgdorferi group --- borrelia burgdorferi

Borrelia burgdorferi

Borrelia burgdorferi is a species of Gram negative bacteria of the spirochete class of the genus Borrelia. B. burgdorferi is predominant in North America, but also exists in Europe, and is the agent of Lyme disease....

 --- serpulina --- serpulina hyodysenteriae --- spirochaeta --- treponema

Treponema

Treponema is a bacterial genus. The major species is Treponema pallidum, whose subspecies are responsible for diseases such as syphilis and yaws.The species Treponema hyodysenteriae and Treponema innocens have been reclassified into Serpula....

 --- treponema denticola

Treponema denticola

Treponema denticola is a motile and highly proteolytic bacterium. The Gram-negative oral spirochete is associated with the incidence and severity of human periodontal disease. Treponema denticola levels in the mouth are elevated in patients with periodontal diseases and the species is considered...

 --- treponema pallidum

Treponema pallidum

Treponema pallidum is a species of spirochaete bacterium with subspecies that cause treponemal diseases such as syphilis, bejel, pinta and yaws. The treponemes have a cytoplasmic and outer membrane...

 --- succinivibrionaceae

Succinivibrionaceae

The Succinivibrionaceae are Gram-negative soil bacteria....

 --- thauera

Thauera

Thauera is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria named after the German Microbiologist Rudolf Thauer. Most species of this genus are motile by flagellas and are mostly rod-shaped. The species occur in wet soil and polluted freshwater....

 --- thermotoga maritima --- thermotoga neapolitana --- wolinella

--- gram-negative facultatively anaerobic rods

--- actinobacillus

Actinobacillus

Actinobacillus is a genus of gram-negative, immotile and nonspore-forming, oval to rod-shaped bacteria occurring as parasites or pathogens in mammals, birds, and reptiles. It is a member of the Pasteurellaceae family. The bacteria are facultatively aerobic or anaerobic, capable of fermenting...

 --- actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans --- actinobacillus equuli --- actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae --- actinobacillus seminis --- actinobacillus suis

Actinobacillus suis

-Introduction:Actinobacillus suis, or A. suis is a beta-haemolytic, Gram-negative bacterium of the Pasteurellaceae family.The bacterium has many strains and is the pathogen responsible for Actinobacillosis in pigs of all ages...

 --- aeromonadaceae

Aeromonadaceae

The Aeromonadaceae are Gram-negative soil bacteria....

 --- aeromonas

Aeromonas

Aeromonas is a gram-negative, facultative anaerobic rod that morphologically resembles members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Fourteen species of Aeromonas have been described, most of which have been associated with human diseases. The most important pathogens are A. hydrophila, A. caviae, and...

 --- aeromonas hydrophila

Aeromonas hydrophila

Aeromonas hydrophila is a heterotrophic, Gram-negative, rod shaped bacterium, mainly found in areas with a warm climate. This bacterium can also be found in fresh, salt, marine, estuarine, chlorinated, and un-chlorinated water. Aeromonas hydrophila can survive in aerobic and anaerobic...

 --- aeromonas salmonicida

Aeromonas salmonicida

Aeromonas salmonicida is a species of Gram-negative bacteria, from the genus Aeromonas, which causes the disease furunculosis in marine and freshwater fish.-Cell structure and metabolism:...

 --- azoarcus --- capnocytophaga

Capnocytophaga

Capnocytophaga is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria. Normally found in the oropharyngeal tract of mammals, they are involved in the pathogenesis of some animal bite wounds as well as periodontal diseases....

 --- cardiobacteriaceae

Cardiobacteriaceae

The Cardiobacteriaceae are a family of Proteobacteria, given their own order. They are Gram-negative, rod-shaped, with diameters around 0.5 to 1.7 µm and lengths from 1–6 µm....

 --- cardiobacterium --- dichelobacter nodosus

Dichelobacter nodosus

Dichelobacter nodosus, formerly Bacteroides nodosus, is a Gram-negative, obligate anaerobe of the family Cardiobacteriaceae. It has polar fimbriae and is the causative agent of ovine foot rot. It is the lone species in the genus Dichelobacter.-External...

 --- chromobacterium

Chromobacterium

Chromobacterium is a genus of gram-negative rods. There is only one known species within the genus, Chromobacterium violaceum....

 --- eikenella

Eikenella

Eikenella corrodens is a fastidious gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacillus. It was first identified by M. Eiken in 1958, who called it Bacteroides corrodens.-Microbiology:...

 --- eikenella corrodens --- enterobacteriaceae

Enterobacteriaceae

The Enterobacteriaceae is a large family of bacteria that includes many of the more familiar pathogens, such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Yersinia pestis, Klebsiella and Shigella. This family is the only representative in the order Enterobacteriales of the class Gammaproteobacteria in the...

 --- calymmatobacterium --- citrobacter

Citrobacter

Citrobacter is a genus of Gram-negative coliform bacteria in the Enterobacteriaceae family.The species C. amalonaticus, C. koseri, and C. freundii use solely citrate as a carbon source...

 --- citrobacter freundii

Citrobacter freundii

Citrobacter freundii are aerobic Gram-negative bacilli. The bacteria are long rod-shaped with a typically length of 1-5 μm. Most C. freundii cells are surrounded by several flagella used for locomotion, but a few are non-motile. It can be found in soil, water, sewage, food and the intestinal tracts...

 --- citrobacter koseri

Citrobacter koseri

Citrobacter koseri is a species of Citrobacter.It can cause brain abscesses with meningitis.-References:...

 --- citrobacter rodentium --- edwardsiella

Edwardsiella

Edwardsiella is a Gram negative, fermentative bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. It was first discovered in snakes in 1962.----Associated persons:Philip R. EdwardsDescription:...

 --- edwardsiella ictaluri

Edwardsiella ictaluri

Edwardsiella ictaluri is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family. The bacterium is a short, gram negative, pleomorphic rod with flagella...

 --- edwardsiella tarda

Edwardsiella tarda

-Introduction:Edwardsiella tarda is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family. The bacterium is a facultatively anaerobic, small, motile, gram negative, straight rod with flagella...

 --- enterobacter

Enterobacter

Enterobacter is a genus of common Gram-negative, facultatively-anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Several strains of the these bacteria are pathogenic and cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised hosts and in those who are on mechanical ventilation...

 --- enterobacter aerogenes

Enterobacter aerogenes

Enterobacter aerogenes is a Gram-negative, oxidase negative, catalase positive, citrate positive, indole negative, rod-shaped bacterium....

 --- enterobacter cloacae

Enterobacter cloacae

Enterobacter cloacae is a clinically significant Gram-negative, facultatively-anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium.-Microbiology:*BioHazard Level: 1 *Growth Temperature: 30°CAppropriate growth media:nutrient agar, nutrient broth...

 --- enterobacter sakazakii

Enterobacter sakazakii

Enterobacter sakazakii is a Gram-negative rod-shaped pathogenic bacterium. It is a rare cause of invasive infection with historically high case fatality rates in infants.It can cause bacteraemia, meningitis and necrotising enterocolitis. E...

 --- erwinia

Erwinia

Erwinia is a genus of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria containing mostly plant pathogenic species which was named for the first phytobacteriologist, Erwin Smith. It is a gram negative bacterium related to E. coli, Shigella, Salmonella and Yersinia. It is primarily a rod-shaped bacteria. A well-known...

 --- erwinia amylovora --- escherichia

Escherichia

Escherichia is a genus of Gram-negative, non-spore forming, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria from the family Enterobacteriaceae. In those species which are inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tracts of warm-blooded animals, Escherichia species provide a portion of the...

 --- escherichia coli

Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms . Most E. coli strains are harmless, but some serotypes can cause serious food poisoning in humans, and are occasionally responsible for product recalls...

 --- escherichia coli k12 --- escherichia coli o157 --- hafnia --- hafnia alvei --- klebsiella

Klebsiella

Klebsiella is a genus of non-motile, Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacteria with a prominent polysaccharide-based capsule. It is named after the German microbiologist Edwin Klebs...

 --- klebsiella oxytoca

Klebsiella oxytoca

Klebsiella oxytoca is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that is closely related to K. pneumoniae, from which it is distinguished by being indole-positive; it also has slightly different growth characteristics in that it is able to grow on melezitose, but not 3-hydroxybutyrate.- Industrial uses...

 --- klebsiella pneumoniae

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative, non-motile, encapsulated, lactose fermenting, facultative anaerobic, rod shaped bacterium found in the normal flora of the mouth, skin, and intestines....

 --- kluyvera --- morganella --- morganella morganii

Morganella morganii

Morganella morganii is a species of Gram-negative bacillus bacteria. It is oxidase-negative and conducts anaerobic respiration. It causes a disease known as Summer Diarrhea....

 --- pantoea

Pantoea

Pantoea is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. It comprises seven species and two sub-species....

 --- pectobacterium --- pectobacterium carotovorum --- pectobacterium chrysanthemi --- photorhabdus --- plesiomonas --- proteus

Proteus

In Greek mythology, Proteus is an early sea-god, one of several deities whom Homer calls the "Old Man of the Sea", whose name suggests the "first" , as protogonos is the "primordial" or the "firstborn". He became the son of Poseidon in the Olympian theogony In Greek mythology, Proteus (Πρωτεύς)...

 --- proteus mirabilis

Proteus mirabilis

Proteus mirabilis is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod shaped bacterium. It shows swarming motility, and urease activity. P. mirabilis causes 90% of all Proteus infections in humans.-Diagnosis:...

 --- proteus penneri

Proteus penneri

Proteus penneri is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod shaped bacterium. The species was formerly called Proteus vulgaris indole negative or P. vulgaris biogroup 1 but was found to be genetically distinct from P. vulgaris. P. penneri is a cause of nosocomial...

 --- proteus vulgaris

Proteus vulgaris

Proteus vulgaris is a rod-shaped, Gram negative bacterium that inhabits the intestinal tracts of humans and animals. It can be found in soil, water and fecal matter. It is grouped with the enterobacteriaceae and is an opportunistic pathogen of humans...

 --- providencia

Providencia

Providencia may refer to:* Providencia, Chile* Providencia District in Amazonas, Peru* Providencia Island, part of the San Andrés y Providencia Department district of Colombia in the Caribbean sea...

 --- salmonella

Salmonella

Salmonella is a genus of rod-shaped, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, predominantly motile enterobacteria with diameters around 0.7 to 1.5 µm, lengths from 2 to 5 µm, and flagella which grade in all directions . They are chemoorganotrophs, obtaining their energy from oxidation and reduction...

 --- salmonella arizonae --- salmonella enterica

Salmonella enterica

Salmonella enterica is a rod-shaped flagellated, facultative anaerobic, Gram-negative bacterium, and a member of the genus Salmonella.- Epidemiology :...

 --- salmonella enteritidis --- salmonella paratyphi a --- salmonella paratyphi b --- salmonella paratyphi c --- salmonella typhi --- salmonella typhimurium --- serratia

Serratia

Serratia is a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family. The most common species in the genus, S. marcescens, is normally the only pathogen and usually causes nosocomial infections. However, rare strains of S. plymuthica, S. liquefaciens,...

 --- serratia liquefaciens --- serratia marcescens

Serratia marcescens

Serratia marcescens is a species of Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium in the family Enterobacteriaceae. A human pathogen, S. marcescens is involved in nosocomial infections, particularly catheter-associated bacteremia, urinary tract infections and wound infections, and is responsible for 1.4% of...

 --- shigella

Shigella

Shigella is a genus of Gram-negative, nonspore forming, non-motile, rod-shaped bacteria closely related to Escherichia coli and Salmonella. The causative agent of human shigellosis, Shigella causes disease in primates, but not in other mammals. It is only naturally found in humans and apes. During...

 --- shigella boydii

Shigella boydii

Shigella boydii is a Gram-negative bacteria of the genus Shigella. Like other member of the genus, S. boydii is a non-motile, non-sporeforming, rod-shaped bacteria which can cause dysentery in humans through fecal-oral contamination....

 --- shigella dysenteriae

Shigella dysenteriae

Shigella dysenteriae is a species of the rod-shaped bacterial genus Shigella. Shigella can cause shigellosis . Shigellae are Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile bacteria.S...

 --- shigella flexneri

Shigella flexneri

Shigella flexneri is a species of Gram-negative bacteria in the genus Shigella that can cause diarrhea in humans. There are several different serogroups of Shigella; S. flexneri belongs to group B. S. flexneri infections can usually be treated with antibiotics although some strains have become...

 --- shigella sonnei

Shigella sonnei

Shigella sonnei is a species of Shigella. Together with Shigella flexneri, it is responsible for 90% of shigellosis. Shigella sonnei is named for the Danish bacteriologist Carl Olaf Sonne....

 --- wigglesworthia --- xenorhabdus

Xenorhabdus

Xenorhabdus is a genus of bacteria that kills pests, and is released by the nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora.-Lifecycle:Xenorhabdus spp. are motile, Gram-negative enterobacteria that form mutualistic associations with entomopathogenic soil nematodes in the genus Steinernema and are ...

 --- yersinia

Yersinia

Yersinia is a genus of bacteria in the family Enterobacteriaceae. Yersinia are Gram-negative rod shaped bacteria, a few micrometers long and fractions of a micrometer in diameter, and are facultative anaerobes. Some members of Yersinia are pathogenic in humans; in particular, Y. pestis is the...

 --- yersinia enterocolitica

Yersinia enterocolitica

Yersinia enterocolitica is a species of gram-negative coccobacillus-shaped bacterium, belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. Yersinia enterocolitica infection causes the disease yersiniosis, which is a zoonotic disease occurring in humans as well as a wide array of animals such as cattle,...

 --- yersinia pestis

Yersinia pestis

Yersinia pestis is a Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium. It is a facultative anaerobe that can infect humans and other animals....

 --- yersinia pseudotuberculosis

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes Pseudotuberculosis disease in animals; humans occasionally get infected zoonotically, most often through the food-borne route.-Pathogenesis:In animals, Y...

 --- yersinia rucker --- gardnerella

Gardnerella

Gardnerella is a genus of gram-variable-staining facultative anaerobic bacteria of which G. vaginalis is the only species.Once classified as Haemophilus vaginalis and afterwards as Corynebacterium vaginalis, Gardnerella vaginalis grows as small, circular, convex, gray colonies on chocolate agar; it...

 --- gardnerella vaginalis --- moritella --- pasteurellaceae

Pasteurellaceae

Pasteurellaceae comprise a large and diverse family of Gram-negative Proteobacteria with members ranging from important pathogens such as Haemophilus influenzae to commensals of the animal and human mucosa. Most members live as commensals on mucosal surfaces of birds and mammals, especially in the...

 --- haemophilus

Haemophilus

Not to be confused with Haemophilia.Haemophilus is a genus of Gram-negative, pleomorphic, coccobacilli bacteria belonging to the Pasteurellaceae family. While Haemophilus bacteria are typically small coccobacilli, they are categorized as pleomorphic bacteria because of the wide range of shapes they...

 --- haemophilus ducreyi

Haemophilus ducreyi

Haemophilus ducreyi is a fastidious gram-negative coccobacillus causing the sexually transmitted disease chancroid, a major cause of genital ulceration in developing countries characterized by painful sores on the genitalia. Another early symptom is dark or light green shears in excrement...

 --- haemophilus influenzae

Haemophilus influenzae

Haemophilus influenzae, formerly called Pfeiffer's bacillus or Bacillus influenzae, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium first described in 1892 by Richard Pfeiffer during an influenza pandemic. A member of the Pasteurellaceae family, it is generally aerobic, but can grow as a facultative anaerobe. H...

 --- haemophilus influenzae type b --- haemophilus paragallinarum --- haemophilus parainfluenzae

Haemophilus parainfluenzae

Haemophilus parainfluenzae is a species of Haemophilus.It is one of the HACEK organisms....

 --- haemophilus paraphrophilus

Haemophilus paraphrophilus

Haemophilus paraphrophilus is a species of Haemophilus.It is one of the HACEK organisms....

 --- haemophilus parasuis --- haemophilus somnus --- mannheimia --- mannheimia haemolytica --- pasteurella

Pasteurella

Pasteurella is a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacteria. Pasteurella species are non-motile and pleomorphic. Most species are catalase-positive and oxidase-positive....

 --- pasteurella multocida

Pasteurella multocida

Pasteurella multocida is a Gram-negative, non-motile coccobacillus that is penicillin-sensitive and belongs to the Pasteurellaceae family . It can cause avian cholera in birds and a zoonotic infection in humans, which typically is a result of bites or scratches from domestic pets...

 --- pasteurella pneumotropica --- rahnella --- shewanella

Shewanella

Shewanella is the sole genus included in the Shewanellaceae family of marine bacteria. Shewanella is a marine bacterium capable of modifying metals, by saturating them with electrons causing the metal to expand and soften, allowing them to process it, which in turn releases an electrical charge...

 --- shewanella putrefaciens

Shewanella putrefaciens

Shewanella putrefaciens is a Gram-negative bacterium. It has been isolated from marine environments, as well as from anaerobic sandstone in the Morrison formation in New Mexico. S...

 --- streptobacillus

Streptobacillus

Streptobacillus is a genus of aerobic, gram-negative facultative anaerobe bacteria, which grow in culture as rods in chains.Species associated with infection - S. moniliformisReported susceptibilities and therapies - penicillin, erythromycin-Diseases:...

 --- vibrionaceae

Vibrionaceae

The Vibrionaceae are a family of Proteobacteria, given their own order. Inhabitants of fresh or salt water, several species are pathogenic, including the type species Vibrio cholerae, which is the agent responsible for cholera...

 --- photobacterium

Photobacterium

Photobacterium is a genus of gram-negative bacteria in the family Vibrionaceae. Members of the genus are bioluminescent, that is they have the ability to emit light....

 --- vibrio

Vibrio

Vibrio is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria possessing a curved rod shape, several species of which can cause foodborne infection, usually associated with eating undercooked seafood. Typically found in saltwater, Vibrio are facultative anaerobes that test positive for oxidase and do not form...

 --- vibrio alginolyticus

Vibrio alginolyticus

Vibrio alginolyticus is a Gram-negative marine bacterium. It is medically important since it causes otitis and wound infection. It is also present in the bodies of animals such as Puffer fish, where it is responsible for the production of the potent neurotoxin, tetrodotoxin....

 --- vibrio cholerae

Vibrio cholerae

Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative, comma-shaped bacterium. Some strains of V. cholerae cause the disease cholera. V. cholerae is facultatively anaerobic and has a flagella at one cell pole. V...

 --- vibrio cholerae non-o1 --- vibrio cholerae o1 --- vibrio cholerae o139 --- vibrio fischeri

Vibrio fischeri

Vibrio fischeri is a gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium found globally in marine environments. V. fischeri has bioluminescent properties, and is found predominantly in symbiosis with various marine animals, such as the bobtail squid. It is heterotrophic and moves by means of flagella. Free living...

 --- vibrio mimicus --- vibrio parahaemolyticus

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a curved, rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium found in brackish saltwater, which, when ingested, causes gastrointestinal illness in humans. V. parahaemolyticus is oxidase positive, facultatively aerobic, and does not form spores...

 --- vibrio salmonicida --- vibrio vulnificus

Vibrio vulnificus

Vibrio vulnificus is a species of Gram-negative, motile, curved, rod-shaped bacteria of the Vibrio Genus. It was first reported by Hollis et al. in 1976. It was subsequently given the name Beneckea vulnifica by Reichelt et al. in 1976 , and finally Vibrio vulnificus by Farmer in 1979...

 --- zymomonas

Zymomonas

Zymomonas is a genus of bacteria. The best known species from this genus is Zymomonas mobilis. Members of this genus are gram negative, facultative anaerobic, non-sporulating, polarly-flagellated, rod-shaped bacteria....

--- gram-negative oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria

--- cyanobacteria --- anabaena

Anabaena

Anabaena is a genus of filamentous cyanobacteria that exists as plankton. It is known for its nitrogen fixing abilities, and they form symbiotic relationships with certain plants, such as the mosquito fern. They are one of four genera of cyanobacteria that produce neurotoxins, which are harmful to...

 --- anabaena cylindrica --- anabaena flos-aquae --- anabaena variabilis

Anabaena variabilis

Anabaena variabilis is a species of filamentous cyanobacterium. This species of the genus Anabaena and the domain Eubacteria is capable of photosynthesis. This species is also known to be heterotrophic in that it may grow without light in the presence of fructose...

 --- aphanizomenon

Aphanizomenon

Aphanizomenon is an important genus of cyanobacteria that inhabits freshwater lakes and can cause choking blooms. Studies on the species Aphanizomenon flos-aquae have shown that it can regulate buoyancy through light-induced changes in turgor pressure...

 --- cyanothece --- cylindrospermopsis --- microcystis

Microcystis

Microcystis is the genus of freshwater cyanobacteria which includes the harmful algal bloom Microcystis aeruginosa.-Etymology:The generic moniker Microcystis derives from the Greek mikros + kystis...

 --- nodularia

Nodularia

Nodularia is a genus of filamentous nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria, or blue-green algae. They occur mainly in brackish or salinic waters, such as the hypersaline Makgadikgadi Pans, the Peel-Harvey Estuary in Western Australia or the Baltic Sea. Nodularia cells occasionally form heavy algal blooms...

 --- nostoc

Nostoc

Nostoc is a genus of cyanobacteria found in a variety of environmental niches that forms colonies composed of filaments of moniliform cells in a gelatinous sheath.The name "Nostoc" was invented by Paracelsus...

 --- nostoc commune --- nostoc muscorum --- plectonema --- prochlorophytes --- prochlorococcus

Prochlorococcus

Prochlorococcus is a genus of very small marine cyanobacteria with an unusual pigmentation . These bacteria belong to the photosynthetic picoplankton and are probably the most abundant photosynthetic organism on Earth....

 --- prochloron

Prochloron

Prochloron is a unicellular oxygenic photosynthetic prokaryote commonly found as symbionts in coral reefs, particularly in didemnid ascidians...

 --- prochlorothrix --- synechococcus

Synechococcus

Synechococcus is a unicellular cyanobacterium that is very widespread in the marine environment. Its size varies from 0.8 µm to 1.5 µm...

 --- synechocystis

Synechocystis

Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 is a freshwater cyanobacterium capable of both phototrophic growth by oxygenic photosynthesis in sunlight and heterotrophic growth by glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation during dark periods...

--- helicobacter

Helicobacter

Helicobacter is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria possessing a characteristic helix shape. They were initially considered to be members of the Campylobacter genus, but since 1989 they have been grouped in their own genus...

--- helicobacter felis --- helicobacter heilmannii --- helicobacter hepaticus --- helicobacter mustelae --- helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter pylori , previously named Campylobacter pyloridis, is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium found in the stomach. It was identified in 1982 by Barry Marshall and Robin Warren, who found that it was present in patients with chronic gastritis and gastric ulcers, conditions that were...

--- methylosinus

--- methylosinus trichosporium

--- mollicutes

Mollicutes

The Mollicutes are a class of bacteria distinguished by the absence of a cell wall. The word "Mollicutes" is derived from the Latin mollis , and cutis . They are parasites of various animals and plants, living on or in the host's cells. Individuals are very small, typically only 0.2–0.3 μm in size...

--- acholeplasmataceae

Acholeplasmataceae

Acholeplasmatales is an order in the Class Mollicutes, containing merely one family, Acholeplasmataceae, comprising the genera Acholeplasma and Phytoplasma...

 --- acholeplasma

Acholeplasma

Acholeplasma are wall-less bacteria in the Mollicutes class. They include saprotrophic or pathogenic species. There are 15 recognised species. The G+C content is low, ranging from 26 - 36% . The genomes of Acholeplasma species range in size from 1.5 to 1.65 Mbp. Cholesterol is not required for...

 --- acholeplasma laidlawii --- phytoplasma

Phytoplasma

Phytoplasma are specialised bacteria that are obligate parasites of plant phloem tissue and transmitting insects . They were first discovered by scientists in 1967 and were named mycoplasma-like organisms or MLOs. They cannot be cultured in vitro in cell-free media...

 --- entomoplasmataceae --- erysipelothrix --- mycoplasmatales --- mycoplasmataceae

Mycoplasmataceae

The Mycoplasmataceae is a family of bacteria in the order Mycoplasmatales. This family comprises the species Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma.In 1967 the Order Mycoplasmatales was incorporated into the class Mollicutes....

 --- mycoplasma

Mycoplasma

Mycoplasma refers to a genus of bacteria that lack a cell wall. Without a cell wall, they are unaffected by many common antibiotics such as penicillin or other beta-lactam antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis. They can be parasitic or saprotrophic. Several species are pathogenic in humans,...

 --- mycoplasma agalactiae --- mycoplasma arthritidis --- mycoplasma bovigenitalium --- mycoplasma bovis --- mycoplasma capricolum

Mycoplasma capricolum

Mycoplasma capricolum is a species of Mycoplasma bacteria. It is primarily a pathogen of goats, but has also been found in sheep and cows.-External links:* at MicrobeWiki...

 --- mycoplasma conjunctivae --- mycoplasma dispar --- mycoplasma fermentans --- mycoplasma gallisepticum

Mycoplasma gallisepticum

Mycoplasma gallisepticum is a bacterium belonging to the class Mollicutes and the family Mycoplasmataceae. It is the causative agent of chronic respiratory disease in chickens and infectious sinusitis in turkeys, chickens, game birds, pigeons, and passerine birds of all ages.-Transmission:MG is...

 --- mycoplasma genitalium

Mycoplasma genitalium

Mycoplasma genitalium is a small parasitic bacterium that lives on the ciliated epithelial cells of the primate genital and respiratory tracts. M. genitalium is the smallest known genome that can constitute a cell, and the second-smallest bacterium after the recently-discovered endosymbiont...

 --- mycoplasma hominis

Mycoplasma hominis

Mycoplasma hominis is a strain of bacteria present in the vagina. It may or may not belong to the normal vaginal flora. It is also believed to be a cause of pelvic inflammatory disease. If so, it would be only one of many known causes....

 --- mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

-Introduction:Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is a species of bacteria known to cause the disease Porcine Enzootic Pneumonia, a highly contagious and chronic disease affecting pigs . As with other mollicutes, M...

 --- mycoplasma hyorhinis

Mycoplasma hyorhinis

-Introduction:Mycoplasma hyorhinis is a member of the Mycoplasmatales family. This bacterium is often found as a commensal in the respiratory tract of pigs. It is thought to facilitate and exacerbate the development of diseases such as porcine enzootic pneumonia and porcine reproductive and...

 --- mycoplasma hyosynoviae --- mycoplasma iowae --- mycoplasma meleagridis

Mycoplasma meleagridis

Also known as: Mycoplasma air sacculitis − Mycoplasma infectious stunting − Mycoplasmosis-Introduction:Mycoplasma meleagridis is a small bacteria responsible for air sacculitis and disorders of the musculoskeletal and reproductive systems in turkeys.The disease is more severe in young birds and...

 --- mycoplasma mycoides

Mycoplasma mycoides

Mycoplasma mycoides is a bacterial species of the genus Mycoplasma in the class Mollicutes.This microorganism is a parasite that lives in ruminants , causing lung disease....

 --- mycoplasma orale --- mycoplasma ovipneumoniae

Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae

Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae is a species of Mycoplasma bacteria that most commonly inhabits and affects ovine animals. Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae is a respiratory pathogen of domestic sheep, domestic goats, bighorn sheep, and mountain goats that can both cause primary atypical pneumonia and also...

 --- mycoplasma penetrans --- mycoplasma pneumoniae

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a very small bacterium in the class Mollicutes.It causes the disease mycoplasma pneumonia, a form of atypical bacterial pneumonia, and is related to cold agglutinin disease.-Cell wall/Treatment:...

 --- mycoplasma pulmonis --- mycoplasma salivarium --- mycoplasma synoviae

Mycoplasma synoviae

-Introduction:The bacteria M. synoviae is a member of the mycoplasma genus. It causes disease in the joints, bones and respiratory system of birds. It is found throughout the world and infection may be referred to as Infectious Synovitis, Avian Mycoplasmosis, Infectious Sinusitis and Mycoplasma...

 --- ureaplasma

Ureaplasma

Ureaplasma is a genus of bacteria belonging to the family Mycoplasmataceae. As the name imples, ureaplasma is urease positive.It includes the species:* Ureaplasma canigenitalium* Ureaplasma cati* Ureaplasma diversum...

 --- ureaplasma urealyticum

Ureaplasma urealyticum

Ureaplasma urealyticum is a bacterium belonging to the family Mycoplasmataceae. Its type strain is T960.-Clinical significance:U. urealyticum is part of the normal genital flora of both men and women...

 --- spiroplasmataceae --- spiroplasma

Spiroplasma

Spiroplasma is a genus of Mollicutes, a group of small bacteria without cell walls. Spiroplasma shares the simple metabolism, parasitic lifestyle, fried-egg colony morphology and small genome of other Mollicutes, but has a distinctive helical morphology, unlike Mycoplasma. It has a spiral shape...

 --- spiroplasma citri

--- rhodobacter

Rhodobacter

In taxonomy, Rhodobacter is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.The most famous species of Rhodobacter is Rhodobacter sphaeroides, which is commonly used to express proteins.-External links:...

--- rhodobacter capsulatus --- rhodobacter sphaeroides

Rhodobacter sphaeroides

Rhodobacter sphaeroides is a kind of purple bacteria; a group of bacteria that can obtain energy through photosynthesis. Its best growth conditions are anaerobic phototrophy and aerobic chemoheterotrophy in the absence of light. R. sphaeroides is also able to fix nitrogen...

--- rickettsiaceae

Rickettsiaceae

The Rickettsiaceae are a family of bacteria, including most notably the genus Rickettsia.Most human pathogens are in genus Rickettsia. They spend part of their life cycle in the bodies of arthropods such as ticks or lice, and are then transmitted to humans or other mammals by the bite of the...

--- rickettsieae --- orientia tsutsugamushi

Orientia tsutsugamushi

Orientia tsutsugamushi is the causative organism of scrub typhus, and the natural vector and reservoir is probably trombiculid mites ....

 --- rickettsia

Rickettsia

Rickettsia is a genus of non-motile, Gram-negative, non-sporeforming, highly pleomorphic bacteria that can present as cocci , rods or thread-like . Being obligate intracellular parasites, the Rickettsia survival depends on entry, growth, and replication within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic host cells...

 --- rickettsia akari

Rickettsia akari

Rickettsia akari is a species of Rickettsia which causes rickettsialpox.After a 1946 outbreak of a rickettsial-type disease at an apartment complex in Kew Gardens, Queens, an investigation was performed to identify the source of the infections...

 --- rickettsia conorii

Rickettsia conorii

Rickettsia conorii is a unicellular, gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacterium of the genus Rickettsia that causes human disease called Boutonneuse fever, Mediterranean spotted fever, Israeli tick typhus, Astrakhan spotted fever, Kenya tick typhus, Indian tick typhus, or other names that...

 --- rickettsia felis

Rickettsia felis

Rickettsia felis or cat-flea typhus is a species of Rickettsia that causes flea-borne spotted fever in cats. The bacteria can also infect humans and cause illness. Fleas are the vector carriers of the bacteria and it has been found in cat flea populations of North and South America, Southern...

 --- rickettsia prowazekii

Rickettsia prowazekii

Rickettsia prowazekii is a species of gram negative, Alpha Proteobacteria, obligate intracellular parasitic, aerobic bacteria that is the etiologic agent of epidemic typhus, transmitted in the feces of lice. In North America, the main reservoir for R. prowazekii is the flying squirrel. R...

 --- rickettsia rickettsii

Rickettsia rickettsii

Rickettsia rickettsii is a unicellular, gram-negative coccobacillus that is native to the New World. It belongs to the spotted fever group of Rickettsia and is most commonly known as the causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever . By nature, R...

 --- rickettsia typhi

Rickettsia typhi

Rickettsia typhi is a species of the genus Rickettsia.It is the causative agent of Murine typhus.The genome is similar to that of Rickettsia prowazekii.-References:...

 --- wolbachia

Wolbachia

Wolbachia is a genus of bacteria which infects arthropod species, including a high proportion of insects , as well as some nematodes. It is one of the world's most common parasitic microbes and is possibly the most common reproductive parasite in the biosphere...

--- actinobacteria

Actinobacteria

Actinobacteria are a group of Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content. They can be terrestrial or aquatic. Actinobacteria is one of the dominant phyla of the bacteria....

--- actinomycetales

Actinomycetales

Actinomycetales is an order of Actinobacteria. They are very diverse and contain a variety of subdivisions as well as yet unclassified isolates. This is mainly because some genera are very difficult to classify because of a highly niche-dependent phenotype...

 --- actinomycetaceae

Actinomycetaceae

Actinomycetaceae is a family of bacteria in the order Actinomycetales that contains the medically important genus Actinomyces.-External links:*http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/Main/Classification/111575.htm...

 --- actinomyces

Actinomyces

Actinomyces from Greek "actino" that means mucus and fungus, is a genus of the actinobacteria class of bacteria. They are all Gram-positive and are characterized by contiguous spread, suppurative and granulomatous inflammation, and formation of multiple abscesses and sinus tracts that may...

 --- actinomyces viscosus --- mobiluncus

Mobiluncus

Mobiluncus is a genus of gram-positive, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria. While this species of bacterium possesses a cell wall with structural similarity to other gram-positive cell walls, upon gram stain these bacteria may be stained either gram-negative or gram-variable.Its organisms are found in...

 --- brevibacterium

Brevibacterium

Brevibacterium is a genus of bacteria of the order Actinomycetales. They are Gram-positive soil organisms. It is the sole genus in the family Brevibacteriaceae....

 --- cellulomonas

Cellulomonas

Cellulomonas is a genus of Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria. One of their main distinguishing features is their ability to degrade cellulose, using enzymes such as endoglucanase and exoglucanase. They are members of the actinobacteria....

 --- corynebacterium

Corynebacterium

Corynebacterium is a genus of Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria. They are widely distributed in nature and are mostly innocuous. Some are useful in industrial settings such as C. glutamicum. Others can cause human disease. C...

 --- brevibacterium flavum --- corynebacterium diphtheriae

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a pathogenic bacterium that causes diphtheria. It is also known as the Klebs-Löffler bacillus, because it was discovered in 1884 by German bacteriologists Edwin Klebs and Friedrich Löffler .-Classification:Four subspecies are recognized: C. diphtheriae mitis, C....

 --- corynebacterium glutamicum --- corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis --- corynebacterium pyogenes --- frankia

Frankia

Frankia is a genus of nitrogen fixing, filamentous bacteria that live in symbiosis with actinorhizal plants, similar to the Rhizobia bacteria that are found in the root nodules of legumes in the Fabaceae family. Bacteria of this genus also form root nodules.The genus Frankia was originally named by...

 --- gordonia bacterium --- micrococcaceae

Micrococcaceae

The family Micrococcaceae includes bacterial genera of Gram positive cocci that inhabit the air and skin such as Micrococcus luteus.-External links:* * J.P. Euzéby's...

 --- arthrobacter

Arthrobacter

Arthrobacter is a genus of bacteria that is commonly found in soil. All species in this genus are Gram-positive obligate aerobes that are rods during exponential growth and cocci in their stationary phase....

 --- micrococcus

Micrococcus

Micrococcus is a genus of bacteria in the Micrococcaceae family. Micrococcus occurs in a wide range of environments, including water, dust, and soil. Micrococci have Gram-positive spherical cells ranging from about 0.5 to 3 micrometers in diameter and are typically appear in tetrads...

 --- micrococcus luteus

Micrococcus luteus

Micrococcus luteus is a Gram-positive, spherical, saprotrophic bacterium that belongs to the family Micrococcaceae. An obligate aerobe, M. luteus is found in soil, dust, water and air, and as part of the normal flora of the mammalian skin...

 --- micromonosporaceae

Micromonosporaceae

Micromonosporaceae is a family of bacteria of the order Actinomycetales. They are gram-positive, spore-forming soil organisms that form a true mycelium....

 --- micromonospora

Micromonospora

Micromonospora is a genus of bacteria of the family Micromonosporaceae. They are gram-positive, spore-forming, generally aerobic, and form a branched mycelium; they occur as saprotrophic forms in soil and water...

 --- mycobacteriaceae --- mycobacterium

Mycobacterium

Mycobacterium is a genus of Actinobacteria, given its own family, the Mycobacteriaceae. The genus includes pathogens known to cause serious diseases in mammals, including tuberculosis and leprosy...

 --- mycobacteria, atypical --- mycobacterium avium complex

Mycobacterium avium complex

Mycobacterium avium complex is a group of genetically related bacteria belonging to the genus Mycobacterium. It includes Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare....

 --- mycobacterium chelonae

Mycobacterium chelonae

Mycobacterium chelonae is a rapidly growing mycobacterium, that is found all throughout the environment including sewage and tap water. It can occasionally cause opportunistic infections of humans.It is grouped in Runyon group IV....

 --- mycobacterium fortuitum

Mycobacterium fortuitum

Mycobacterium fortuitum is a nontuberculous mycobacterium.-Background:Mycobacterium fortuitum is a fast-growing species that can cause infections. The term "fast growing" is a reference to a growth rate of 3 or 4 days, when compared to other Mycobacteria that may take weeks to grow out on...

 --- mycobacterium kansasii

Mycobacterium kansasii

Mycobacterium kansasii is a bacterium in the Mycobacterium family. The genus includes species known to cause serious diseases in mammals, including tuberculosis and leprosy, but this species is generally not dangerous to healthy people....

 --- mycobacterium marinum

Mycobacterium marinum

Mycobacterium marinum is a free-living bacterium, which causes opportunistic infections in humans.- History :Although Aronson isolated this mycobacterium in 1926 from a fish, it was not until 1951 that it was found to be the cause of human disease by Linell and Norden...

 --- mycobacterium scrofulaceum

Mycobacterium scrofulaceum

Mycobacterium scrofulaceum is a species of Mycobacterium.It is the most common cause of cervical lymphadenitis in children.It is sometimes included in the "MAIS group" with Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare....

 --- mycobacterium smegmatis

Mycobacterium smegmatis

Mycobacterium smegmatis is 3.0 to 5.0 µm long with a bacillus shape, an acid-fast bacterial species in the phylum Actinobacteria. It can be stained by Ziehl-Neelsen method and the auramine-rhodamine fluorescent method. It was first reported in November 1884 by Lustgarten, who found a bacillus...

 --- mycobacterium ulcerans

Mycobacterium ulcerans

Mycobacterium ulcerans is a slow-growing mycobacterium that classically infects the skin and subcutaneous tissues, giving rise to indolent nonulcerated and ulcerated lesions. After tuberculosis and leprosy, Buruli ulcer is the third most common mycobacteriosis of humans. M...

 --- mycobacterium xenopi

Mycobacterium xenopi

Mycobacterium xenopi is a slow-growing scotochromogenic species of Mycobacterium. It was first reported by Schwabacher in 1959, having been isolated in lesions found on a Xenopus laevis, but the possibility of human infection was not confirmed until 1965.It has low pathogenicity in humans, and...

 --- mycobacterium avium --- mycobacterium bovis

Mycobacterium bovis

Mycobacterium bovis is a slow-growing , aerobic bacterium and the causative agent of tuberculosis in cattle...

 --- mycobacterium haemophilum

Mycobacterium haemophilum

Mycobacterium haemophilum-Description:Short, occasionally curved, gram-positive, nonmotile and strongly acid-fast rods.Colony characteristics*Nonpigmented and rough to smooth colonies.Physiology...

 --- mycobacterium leprae

Mycobacterium leprae

Mycobacterium leprae, also known as Hansen’s coccus spirilly, mostly found in warm tropical countries, is a bacterium that causes leprosy . It is an intracellular, pleomorphic, acid-fast bacterium. M. leprae is an aerobic bacillus surrounded by the characteristic waxy coating unique to mycobacteria...

 --- mycobacterium lepraemurium

Mycobacterium lepraemurium

Mycobacterium lepraemurium is a causative agent of feline leprosy. It causes granulomatous lesions, characteristic of the Mycobacterium genus.-Description:Gram-positive, nonmotile and strongly acid-fast rods...

 --- mycobacterium paratuberculosis --- mycobacterium phlei

Mycobacterium phlei

Mycobacterium phlei is an acid-fast bacteria of the genus Mycobacterium. They are named this way because they contain mycolic acids, which is also the reason that simple staining or Gram staining does not give good results with this microbe...

 --- mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a pathogenic bacterial species in the genus Mycobacterium and the causative agent of most cases of tuberculosis . First discovered in 1882 by Robert Koch, M...

 --- nocardiaceae

Nocardiaceae

The Nocardiaceae are a family of aerobic, non-fastidious, high G+C, Gram-positive actinomycetes that are commonly found in soil and water. Members of this family have been isolated from Antarctic soils...

 --- nocardia

Nocardia

Nocardia is a genus of weakly staining Gram-positive, catalase-positive, rod-shaped bacteria. It forms partially acid-fast beaded branching filaments . It has a total of 85 species. Some species are non-pathogenic while others are responsible for nocardiosis. Nocardia are found worldwide in soil...

 --- nocardia asteroides

Nocardia asteroides

Nocardia asteroides is a species of Nocardia.It can cause Nocardiosis, a severe pulmonary infection in immunocompromised hosts....

 --- rhodococcus

Rhodococcus

Rhodococcus is a genus of aerobic, nonsporulating, nonmotile Gram-positive bacteria closely related to Mycobacteria and Corynebacteria. While a few species are pathogenic, most are benign and have been found to thrive in a broad range of environments, including soil, water, and eukaryotic cells...

 --- rhodococcus equi

Rhodococcus equi

Rhodococcus equi is a Gram-positive coccobacillus bacterium. The organism is commonly found in dry and dusty soil and can be important for diseases of domesticated animals . The frequency of infection can reach near 60 percent. R. equi is an important pathogen causing pneumonia in foals. Since...

 --- propionibacteriaceae

Propionibacteriaceae

Propionibacteriaceae is a family of gram positive bacteria found in dairy products or in the intestinal tracts of animals and living in the pores of humans....

 --- propionibacterium

Propionibacterium

Propionibacterium is a genus of bacteria named for their unique metabolism: They are able to synthesize propionic acid by using unusual transcarboxylase enzymes....

 --- propionibacterium acnes

Propionibacterium acnes

Propionibacterium acnes is a relatively slow growing, typically aerotolerant anaerobic gram positive bacterium that is linked to the skin condition acne; it can also cause chronic blepharitis and endophthalmitis, the latter particularly following intraocular surgery...

 --- saccharopolyspora

Saccharopolyspora

Saccharopolyspora is a genus of bacteria within the family Pseudonocardiaceae....

 --- streptomycetaceae

Streptomycetaceae

Streptomycetaceae is a family of Actinobacteria, making up to the monotypic suborder Streptomycineae. It includes the important genus Streptomyces. This was the original source of many antibiotics, namely streptomycin. Streptomycin was the first antibiotic against tuberculosis....

 --- streptomyces

Streptomyces

Streptomyces is the largest genus of Actinobacteria and the type genus of the family Streptomycetaceae. Over 500 species of Streptomyces bacteria have been described. As with the other Actinobacteria, streptomycetes are gram-positive, and have genomes with high guanine and cytosine content...

 --- streptomyces antibioticus --- streptomyces aureofaciens

Streptomyces aureofaciens

Streptomyces aureofaciens is a species of Streptomyces.It is the source of many tetracycline antibiotics....

 --- streptomyces coelicolor

Streptomyces coelicolor

Streptomyces coelicolor is a soil-dwelling Gram-positive bacterium that belongs to the genus Streptomyces.-Usage in biotechnology:Strains of S. coelicolor produce various antibiotics, including actinorhodin, methylenomycin, undecylprodigiosin, and perimycin. Certain strains of S. coelicolor can...

 --- streptomyces griseus

Streptomyces griseus

Streptomyces griseus is a member bacterial species of the genus Streptomyces and are commonly found in soil. A few strains have been also reported from deep sea sediments. These are Gram positive bacterium with high GC content. Along with most other streptomycetes S...

 --- streptomyces lividans --- bifidobacterium

Bifidobacterium

Bifidobacterium is a genus of Gram-positive, non-motile, often branched anaerobic bacteria. They are ubiquitous, endosymbiotic inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract, vagina and mouth of mammals and other animals. Bifidobacteria are one of the major genera of bacteria that make up the colon...

 --- gardnerella

Gardnerella

Gardnerella is a genus of gram-variable-staining facultative anaerobic bacteria of which G. vaginalis is the only species.Once classified as Haemophilus vaginalis and afterwards as Corynebacterium vaginalis, Gardnerella vaginalis grows as small, circular, convex, gray colonies on chocolate agar; it...

 --- gardnerella vaginalis

--- gram-positive cocci

--- deinococcus

Deinococcus

The Deinococcus is the one genus of three of the Deinococcales group from the Deinococcus-Thermus phylum highly resistant to environmental hazards.There are 47 species of Deinococcus described according to NCBI on 25 august 2011 :...

 --- micrococcaceae

Micrococcaceae

The family Micrococcaceae includes bacterial genera of Gram positive cocci that inhabit the air and skin such as Micrococcus luteus.-External links:* * J.P. Euzéby's...

 --- micrococcus

Micrococcus

Micrococcus is a genus of bacteria in the Micrococcaceae family. Micrococcus occurs in a wide range of environments, including water, dust, and soil. Micrococci have Gram-positive spherical cells ranging from about 0.5 to 3 micrometers in diameter and are typically appear in tetrads...

 --- micrococcus luteus

Micrococcus luteus

Micrococcus luteus is a Gram-positive, spherical, saprotrophic bacterium that belongs to the family Micrococcaceae. An obligate aerobe, M. luteus is found in soil, dust, water and air, and as part of the normal flora of the mammalian skin...

 --- peptococcaceae --- peptococcus --- peptostreptococcus

Peptostreptococcus

Peptostreptococcus is a genus of anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore forming bacteria. The cells are small, spherical, and can occur in short chains, in pairs or individually. Peptostreptococcus are slow-growing bacteria with increasing resistance to antimicrobial drugs.The most frequently...

 --- ruminococcus

Ruminococcus

Ruminococcus is a genus of bacteria in the class Clostridia. They are anaerobic, gram-positive gut microbes. One or more species in this genus are found in significant numbers in the intestines of humans. The type species is R. flavefaciens...

 --- sarcina --- staphylococcaceae

Staphylococcaceae

The Staphylococcaceae is a family of Gram positive bacteria that includes the genus Staphylococcus, noted for encompassing several medically significant pathogens....

 --- staphylococcus

Staphylococcus

Staphylococcus is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria. Under the microscope they appear round , and form in grape-like clusters....

 --- staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus is a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive coccal bacterium. It is frequently found as part of the normal skin flora on the skin and nasal passages. It is estimated that 20% of the human population are long-term carriers of S. aureus. S. aureus is the most common species of...

 --- staphylococcus epidermidis

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of thirty-three known species belonging to the genus Staphylococcus. It is part of human skin flora, and consequently part of human flora. It can also be found in the mucous membranes and in animals. Due to contamination, it is probably the most common species...

 --- staphylococcus haemolyticus

Staphylococcus haemolyticus

Staphylococcus haemolyticus is a member of the coagulase-negative staphylococci . It is part of the skin flora of humans, and its largest populations are usually found at the axillae, perineum, and inguinal areas. S. haemolyticus also colonizes prosimians, monkeys, and domestic animals...

 --- staphylococcus hominis

Staphylococcus hominis

Staphylococcus hominis is a coagulase-negative member of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus, consisting of Gram positive, spherical cells in clusters. It occurs very commonly as a harmless commensal on human and animal skin. However, like many other coagulase-negative staphylococci, S...

 --- streptococcaceae

Streptococcaceae

The Streptococcaceae is a family of Gram-positive bacteria, placed within the order of Lactobacillales. Representative genera include Lactococcus, Lactovum, Pilibacter, and Streptococcus....

 --- enterococcus

Enterococcus

Enterococcus is a genus of lactic acid bacteria of the phylum Firmicutes. Enterococci are Gram-positive cocci that often occur in pairs or short chains, and are difficult to distinguish from streptococci on physical characteristics alone. Two species are common commensal organisms in the...

 --- enterococcus faecalis

Enterococcus faecalis

Enterococcus faecalis – formerly classified as part of the Group D Streptococcus system – is a Gram-positive, commensal bacterium inhabiting the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and other mammals. It is among the main constituents of some probiotic food supplements. Like other species in the genus...

 --- enterococcus faecium

Enterococcus faecium

Enterococcus faecium is a Gram-positive, alpha hemolytic or nonhemolytic bacterium in the genus Enterococcus. It can be commensal in the human intestine, but it may also be pathogenic, causing diseases such as neonatal meningitis.Vancomycin-resistant E. faecium is often referred to as VRE.Some...

 --- lactococcus

Lactococcus

Lactococcus is a genus of lactic acid bacteria that were formerly included in the genus Streptococcus Group N1. They are known as homofermentors meaning that they produce a single product, lactic acid in this case, as the major or only product of glucose fermentation...

 --- lactococcus lactis

Lactococcus lactis

Lactococcus lactis is a Gram-positive bacterium used extensively in the production of buttermilk and cheese, but has recently also become famous as the first genetically modified organism to be used alive for the treatment of human disease. L...

 --- leuconostoc

Leuconostoc

Leuconostoc is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria, placed within the family of Leuconostocaceae. They are generally ovoid cocci often forming chains. Leuconostoc spp. are intrinsically resistant to vancomycin and are catalase-negative . All species within this genus are heterofermentative and are...

 --- pediococcus

Pediococcus

Pediococcus is a genus of Gram-positive lactic acid bacteria, placed within the family of Lactobacillaceae. They usually occur in pairs or tetrads, and divide along two planes of symmetry, as do the other lactic acid cocci genera Aerococcus and Tetragenococcus. They are purely homofermentative...

 --- streptococcus

Streptococcus

Streptococcus is a genus of spherical Gram-positive bacteria belonging to the phylum Firmicutes and the lactic acid bacteria group. Cellular division occurs along a single axis in these bacteria, and thus they grow in chains or pairs, hence the name — from Greek στρεπτος streptos, meaning...

 --- streptococcus agalactiae

Streptococcus agalactiae

Streptococcus agalactiae is a beta-hemolytic Gram-positive streptococcus.- Identification :The CAMP test is an important test for identification...

 --- streptococcus bovis

Streptococcus bovis

Streptococcus bovis is a catalase- and oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-sporulating, Gram-positive lactic acid bacterium that grows as pairs or chains of cocci. It is a member of the Lancefield group D streptococci. Most strains are non- or gamma-hemolytic, but some also display alpha-hemolytic...

 --- streptococcus equi --- streptococcus pneumoniae

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus, is Gram-positive, alpha-hemolytic, aerotolerant anaerobic member of the genus Streptococcus. A significant human pathogenic bacterium, S...

 --- streptococcus pyogenes

Streptococcus pyogenes

Streptococcus pyogenes is a spherical, Gram-positive bacterium that is the cause of group A streptococcal infections. S. pyogenes displays streptococcal group A antigen on its cell wall. S...

 --- streptococcus suis

Streptococcus suis

Streptococcus suis is a peanut-shaped, Gram-positive bacterium, and an important pathogen of pigs. Endemic in nearly all countries with an extensive pig industry, S. suis is also a zoonotic disease, capable of transmission to humans from pigs. Humans can be infected with S...

 --- streptococcus thermophilus --- viridans streptococci --- streptococcus milleri group

Streptococcus milleri group

Streptococcus milleri group is a group of Streptococcus species.Members include:* Streptococcus anginosus* Streptococcus constellatus* Streptococcus intermedius...

 --- streptococcus anginosus

Streptococcus anginosus

Streptococcus anginosus is a species of Streptococcus.Together with Streptococcus constellatus and Streptococcus intermedius they constitute the anginosus group, which is sometimes also referred to as the milleri group after the previously assumed single but later refuted species Streptococcus...

 --- streptococcus constellatus

Streptococcus constellatus

-Introduction:Streptococcus constellatus is a species of Streptococcus part of the normal flora in the oral cavity, urogenital region, and intestinal tract. However, it can frequently cause purulent infections in other parts of the body. DNA homology studies and 16S rRNA sequence analysis...

 --- streptococcus intermedius

Streptococcus intermedius

Streptococcus intermedius is a commensal bacterium and a member of the Streptococcus anginosus group. The S. anginosus group, occasionally termed “Streptococcus milleri group” display hemolytic and serologic diversity, yet share core physiological traits. Despite being commensal organisms, members...

 --- streptococcus mitis

Streptococcus mitis

Streptococcus mitis is a mesophilic alpha-hemolytic species of Streptococcus that inhabits the human mouth. It is a Gram positive, coccus, facultative anaerobe and catalase negative. It can cause endocarditis...

 --- streptococcus mutans

Streptococcus mutans

Streptococcus mutans is a facultatively aerobic, Gram-positive coccus-shaped bacterium commonly found in the human oral cavity and is a significant contributor to tooth decay.The microbe was first described by J Kilian Clarke in 1924.-Introduction:...

 --- streptococcus oralis

Streptococcus oralis

Streptococcus oralis is a Gram positive bacterium that grows characteristically in chains. It forms small white colonies on a Wilkins-Chalgren agar plate. It is found in high numbers in the oral cavity. It has been classified as a member of the Streptococcus mitis group. Members of this group are...

 --- streptococcus sanguis --- streptococcus sobrinus

Streptococcus sobrinus

Streptococcus sobrinus is a Gram-positive, catalase-negative, non-motile, and anaerobic member of the genus Streptococcus.-Pathology:...

--- gram-positive endospore-forming bacteria

--- gram-positive endospore-forming rods --- bacillaceae

Bacillaceae

Bacillaceae is a family of Gram-positive, heterotrophic, rod-shaped bacteria that may produce endospores. Motile members of this family are characterized by peritrichous flagellae. Some Bacillaceae are aerobic, while others are facultative or strict anaerobes...

 --- bacillus

Bacillus

Bacillus is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria and a member of the division Firmicutes. Bacillus species can be obligate aerobes or facultative anaerobes, and test positive for the enzyme catalase. Ubiquitous in nature, Bacillus includes both free-living and pathogenic species...

 --- bacillus anthracis

Bacillus anthracis

Bacillus anthracis is the pathogen of the Anthrax acute disease. It is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, with a width of 1-1.2µm and a length of 3-5µm. It can be grown in an ordinary nutrient medium under aerobic or anaerobic conditions.It is one of few bacteria known to...

 --- bacillus cereus

Bacillus cereus

Bacillus cereus is an endemic, soil-dwelling, Gram-positive, rod-shaped, beta hemolytic bacterium. Some strains are harmful to humans and cause foodborne illness, while other strains can be beneficial as probiotics for animals...

 --- bacillus megaterium

Bacillus megaterium

Bacillus megaterium is a rod-shaped, Gram-positive, endospore forming, species of bacteria used as a soil inoculant in agriculture and horticulture.Bacterium is arranged into the streptobacillus form....

 --- bacillus stearothermophilus

Bacillus stearothermophilus

Bacillus stearothermophilus is a rod-shaped, Gram-positive bacterium and a member of the division Firmicutes. The bacteria is a thermophile and is widely distributed in soil, hot springs, ocean sediment, and is a cause of spoilage in food products. It will grow within a temperature range of 30-75...

 --- bacillus subtilis

Bacillus subtilis

Bacillus subtilis, known also as the hay bacillus or grass bacillus, is a Gram-positive, catalase-positive bacterium commonly found in soil. A member of the genus Bacillus, B. subtilis is rod-shaped, and has the ability to form a tough, protective endospore, allowing the organism to tolerate...

 --- bacillus thuringiensis

Bacillus thuringiensis

Bacillus thuringiensis is a Gram-positive, soil-dwelling bacterium, commonly used as a biological pesticide; alternatively, the Cry toxin may be extracted and used as a pesticide. B...

 --- clostridium

Clostridium

Clostridium is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria, belonging to the Firmicutes. They are obligate anaerobes capable of producing endospores. Individual cells are rod-shaped, which gives them their name, from the Greek kloster or spindle...

 --- clostridium acetobutylicum

Clostridium acetobutylicum

Clostridium acetobutylicum, ATCC 824, is included in the genus Clostridium, is a commercially valuable bacterium sometimes called the "Weizmann Organism", after Jewish-Russian born Chaim Weizmann, then senior lecturer at the University of Manchester, England, used them in 1916 as a bio-chemical...

 --- clostridium beijerinckii

Clostridium beijerinckii

Clostridium beijerinckii is a gram positive, rod shaped, motile bacterium of the genus Clostridium. It has been isolated from feces and soil...

 --- clostridium bifermentans

Clostridium bifermentans

Clostridium bifermentans is an anaerobic, motile, gram-positive bacterium....

 --- clostridium botulinum

Clostridium botulinum

Clostridium botulinum is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that produces several toxins. The best known are its neurotoxins, subdivided in types A-G, that cause the flaccid muscular paralysis seen in botulism. It is also the main paralytic agent in botox. C. botulinum is an anaerobic...

 --- clostridium botulinum type a --- clostridium botulinum type b --- clostridium botulinum type c --- clostridium botulinum type d --- clostridium botulinum type e --- clostridium botulinum type f --- clostridium botulinum type g --- clostridium butyricum

Clostridium butyricum

Clostridium butyricum is an anaerobic prokaryote that requires the absolute absence of oxygen to grow. It produces butyric acid which is an indicator of the presence of saccharolytic clostridia. It is an endospore-former and can live under rough conditions...

 --- clostridium cellulolyticum

Clostridium cellulolyticum

Clostridium cellulolyticum is an anaerobic, motile, gram-positive bacterium....

 --- clostridium cellulovorans --- clostridium chauvoei

Clostridium chauvoei

Clostridium chauvoei is an anaerobic, motile, gram-positive bacterium. It causes a disease called blackleg of cattle and sheep....

 --- clostridium difficile

Clostridium difficile

Clostridium difficile , also known as "CDF/cdf", or "C...

 --- clostridium histolyticum

Clostridium histolyticum

Clostridium histolyticum is an anaerobic, motile, gram-positive bacterium that thrives in feces and soil. The ammonia and proteases it produces, including several collagenases, digest proteins outside its body into amino acids, which it eats. When Cl...

 --- clostridium kluyveri

Clostridium kluyveri

Clostridium kluyveri is an anaerobic, motile, gram-positive bacterium....

 --- clostridium perfringens

Clostridium perfringens

Clostridium perfringens is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium of the genus Clostridium. C. perfringens is ever present in nature and can be found as a normal component of decaying vegetation, marine sediment, the intestinal tract of humans and other vertebrates,...

 --- clostridium sordellii

Clostridium sordellii

Clostridium sordellii is a rare anaerobic, gram-positive, spore forming rod with peritrichous flagella that is capable of causing pneumonia, endocarditis, arthritis, peritonitis, and myonecrosis. C. sordellii bacteremia and sepsis occur rarely. Most cases of sepsis from C. sordellii occur in...

 --- clostridium sticklandii --- clostridium symbiosum --- clostridium tertium --- clostridium tetani

Clostridium tetani

Clostridium tetani is a rod-shaped, anaerobic bacterium of the genus Clostridium. Like other Clostridium species, it is Gram-positive, and its appearance on a gram stain resembles tennis rackets or drumsticks. C. tetani is found as spores in soil or in the gastrointestinal tract of animals. C...

 --- clostridium tetanomorphum --- clostridium thermocellum

Clostridium thermocellum

Clostridium thermocellum is an anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium. C. thermocellum has garnered research interest due to its cellulolytic and ethanologenic abilities, being capable of directly converting a cellulosic substrate into ethanol. This makes it useful in converting biomass into a usable...

 --- clostridium tyrobutyricum

Clostridium tyrobutyricum

Clostridium tyrobutyricum is a rod-shape, gram-positive bacteria that grows under anaerobic condition and produces butyric acid, acetic acid and hydrogen gas as their major fermentation products from glucose and xylose.-The late-blowing defect in Cheese:...

 --- desulfotomaculum

Desulfotomaculum

Desulfotomaculum is a genus of Gram-positive, obligately anaerobic soil bacteria. A type of sulfate-reducing bacteria, Desulfotomaculum can cause food spoilage in poorly processed canned foods . Their presence can be identified by the release of hydrogen sulfide gas with its rotten egg smell when...

 --- micromonosporaceae

Micromonosporaceae

Micromonosporaceae is a family of bacteria of the order Actinomycetales. They are gram-positive, spore-forming soil organisms that form a true mycelium....

 --- micromonospora

Micromonospora

Micromonospora is a genus of bacteria of the family Micromonosporaceae. They are gram-positive, spore-forming, generally aerobic, and form a branched mycelium; they occur as saprotrophic forms in soil and water...

 --- saccharopolyspora

Saccharopolyspora

Saccharopolyspora is a genus of bacteria within the family Pseudonocardiaceae....

 --- streptomycetaceae

Streptomycetaceae

Streptomycetaceae is a family of Actinobacteria, making up to the monotypic suborder Streptomycineae. It includes the important genus Streptomyces. This was the original source of many antibiotics, namely streptomycin. Streptomycin was the first antibiotic against tuberculosis....

 --- streptomyces

Streptomyces

Streptomyces is the largest genus of Actinobacteria and the type genus of the family Streptomycetaceae. Over 500 species of Streptomyces bacteria have been described. As with the other Actinobacteria, streptomycetes are gram-positive, and have genomes with high guanine and cytosine content...

 --- streptomyces antibioticus --- streptomyces aureofaciens

Streptomyces aureofaciens

Streptomyces aureofaciens is a species of Streptomyces.It is the source of many tetracycline antibiotics....

 --- streptomyces coelicolor

Streptomyces coelicolor

Streptomyces coelicolor is a soil-dwelling Gram-positive bacterium that belongs to the genus Streptomyces.-Usage in biotechnology:Strains of S. coelicolor produce various antibiotics, including actinorhodin, methylenomycin, undecylprodigiosin, and perimycin. Certain strains of S. coelicolor can...

 --- streptomyces griseus

Streptomyces griseus

Streptomyces griseus is a member bacterial species of the genus Streptomyces and are commonly found in soil. A few strains have been also reported from deep sea sediments. These are Gram positive bacterium with high GC content. Along with most other streptomycetes S...

 --- streptomyces lividans

--- gram-positive rods

--- gram-positive asporogenous rods --- gram-positive asporogenous rods, irregular --- acetobacterium

Acetobacterium

Acetobacterium is a genus of gram-positive bacteria which belong to the Eubacteriaceae family. Usually they are homoacetogens, which means they predominantly produce acetic acid as a metabolic by-product. Not to be confused with acetic acid bacteria which are aerobic, gram-negative...

 --- actinobacteria

Actinobacteria

Actinobacteria are a group of Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content. They can be terrestrial or aquatic. Actinobacteria is one of the dominant phyla of the bacteria....

 --- actinomycetaceae

Actinomycetaceae

Actinomycetaceae is a family of bacteria in the order Actinomycetales that contains the medically important genus Actinomyces.-External links:*http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/Main/Classification/111575.htm...

 --- actinomyces

Actinomyces

Actinomyces from Greek "actino" that means mucus and fungus, is a genus of the actinobacteria class of bacteria. They are all Gram-positive and are characterized by contiguous spread, suppurative and granulomatous inflammation, and formation of multiple abscesses and sinus tracts that may...

 --- actinomyces viscosus --- mobiluncus

Mobiluncus

Mobiluncus is a genus of gram-positive, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria. While this species of bacterium possesses a cell wall with structural similarity to other gram-positive cell walls, upon gram stain these bacteria may be stained either gram-negative or gram-variable.Its organisms are found in...

 --- arthrobacter

Arthrobacter

Arthrobacter is a genus of bacteria that is commonly found in soil. All species in this genus are Gram-positive obligate aerobes that are rods during exponential growth and cocci in their stationary phase....

 --- bifidobacterium

Bifidobacterium

Bifidobacterium is a genus of Gram-positive, non-motile, often branched anaerobic bacteria. They are ubiquitous, endosymbiotic inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract, vagina and mouth of mammals and other animals. Bifidobacteria are one of the major genera of bacteria that make up the colon...

 --- brevibacterium

Brevibacterium

Brevibacterium is a genus of bacteria of the order Actinomycetales. They are Gram-positive soil organisms. It is the sole genus in the family Brevibacteriaceae....

 --- butyrivibrio

Butyrivibrio

Butyrivibrio is a genus of bacteria in Class Clostridia. Bacteria of this genus are common in the gastrointestinal systems of many animals. Genus Butyrivibrio was first described by Bryant and Small as anaerobic, butyric acid-producing, curved rods . Butyrivibrio cells are small, typically 0.4 –...

 --- corynebacterium

Corynebacterium

Corynebacterium is a genus of Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria. They are widely distributed in nature and are mostly innocuous. Some are useful in industrial settings such as C. glutamicum. Others can cause human disease. C...

 --- corynebacterium diphtheriae

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a pathogenic bacterium that causes diphtheria. It is also known as the Klebs-Löffler bacillus, because it was discovered in 1884 by German bacteriologists Edwin Klebs and Friedrich Löffler .-Classification:Four subspecies are recognized: C. diphtheriae mitis, C....

 --- corynebacterium glutamicum --- corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis --- corynebacterium pyogenes --- eubacterium

Eubacterium

Eubacterium is a Gram positive bacteria genus in the family Eubacteriaceae....

 --- propionibacteriaceae

Propionibacteriaceae

Propionibacteriaceae is a family of gram positive bacteria found in dairy products or in the intestinal tracts of animals and living in the pores of humans....

 --- propionibacterium

Propionibacterium

Propionibacterium is a genus of bacteria named for their unique metabolism: They are able to synthesize propionic acid by using unusual transcarboxylase enzymes....

 --- propionibacterium acnes

Propionibacterium acnes

Propionibacterium acnes is a relatively slow growing, typically aerotolerant anaerobic gram positive bacterium that is linked to the skin condition acne; it can also cause chronic blepharitis and endophthalmitis, the latter particularly following intraocular surgery...

 --- thermoanaerobacter

Thermoanaerobacter

Thermoanaerobacter is a genus in the phylum Firmicutes . Members of this genus are thermophilic and anaerobic, several of them were previously described as Clostridium species and members of the now obsolete genera Acetogenium and Thermobacteroides-Etymology:The name Thermoanaerobacter derives...

 --- thermoanaerobacterium --- gram-positive asporogenous rods, regular --- erysipelothrix --- lactobacillaceae

Lactobacillaceae

The Lactobacillaceae are a family of lactic acid bacteria....

 --- lactobacillus

Lactobacillus

Lactobacillus is a genus of Gram-positive facultative anaerobic or microaerophilic rod-shaped bacteria. They are a major part of the lactic acid bacteria group, named as such because most of its members convert lactose and other sugars to lactic acid. They are common and usually benign...

 --- lactobacillus acidophilus

Lactobacillus acidophilus

Lactobacillus acidophilus is a species in the genus Lactobacillus. L. acidophilus is a homofermentative species, fermenting sugars into lactic acid, which grows readily at rather low pH values and has an optimum growth temperature of 37 °C . L...

 --- lactobacillus brevis

Lactobacillus brevis

Lactobacillus brevis is a species of lactic acid bacteria. It can be found in many different environments and in fermented foods such as sauerkraut and pickles. It is also one of the most common causes of beer spoilage. Ingestion has been shown to improve human immune function, and it has been...

 --- lactobacillus casei

Lactobacillus casei

Lactobacillus casei is a species of genus Lactobacillus found in the human intestine and mouth. As a lactic acid producer, it has been found to assist in the propagation of desirable bacteria. This particular species of Lactobacillus is documented to have a wide pH and temperature range, and...

 --- lactobacillus delbrueckii --- lactobacillus fermentum

Lactobacillus fermentum

Lactobacillus fermentum is a Gram-positive species of bacterium in the genus Lactobacillus. It is associated with active dental caries lesions. It is also commonly found in fermenting animal and plant material. It has been found in sourdough...

 --- lactobacillus helveticus

Lactobacillus helveticus

Lactobacillus helveticus is a lactic-acid producing rod shaped bacterium of the genus Lactobacillus. It is most commonly used in the production of American Swiss cheese and Emmental cheese but is also sometimes used in making other styles of cheese, such as Cheddar, Parmesan, romano, provolone,...

 --- lactobacillus leichmannii --- lactobacillus plantarum

Lactobacillus plantarum

Lactobacillus plantarum is a widespread member of the genus Lactobacillus, commonly found in many fermented food products as well as anaerobic plant matter. It is also present in saliva . It has the ability to liquefy gelatin. L...

 --- lactobacillus reuteri

Lactobacillus reuteri

Lactobacillus reuteri is a Gram-positive bacterium that naturally inhabits the gut of mammals and birds. First described in the early 1980s, some strains of L. reuteri are used as probiotics. BioGaia AB in Sweden owns several commercially important strains and a large number of different patents...

 --- lactobacillus rhamnosus

Lactobacillus rhamnosus

Lactobacillus rhamnosus is a bacterium that was originally considered to be a subspecies of L. casei, but later genetic research found it to be a species of its own. Some strains of L. rhamnosus are being used as probiotics. The species is sometimes used in yogurt and other dairy products. Some...

 --- listeria --- listeria monocytogenes --- mycobacteriaceae --- mycobacterium

Mycobacterium

Mycobacterium is a genus of Actinobacteria, given its own family, the Mycobacteriaceae. The genus includes pathogens known to cause serious diseases in mammals, including tuberculosis and leprosy...

 --- mycobacteria, atypical --- mycobacterium avium complex

Mycobacterium avium complex

Mycobacterium avium complex is a group of genetically related bacteria belonging to the genus Mycobacterium. It includes Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare....

 --- mycobacterium chelonae

Mycobacterium chelonae

Mycobacterium chelonae is a rapidly growing mycobacterium, that is found all throughout the environment including sewage and tap water. It can occasionally cause opportunistic infections of humans.It is grouped in Runyon group IV....

 --- mycobacterium fortuitum

Mycobacterium fortuitum

Mycobacterium fortuitum is a nontuberculous mycobacterium.-Background:Mycobacterium fortuitum is a fast-growing species that can cause infections. The term "fast growing" is a reference to a growth rate of 3 or 4 days, when compared to other Mycobacteria that may take weeks to grow out on...

 --- mycobacterium kansasii

Mycobacterium kansasii

Mycobacterium kansasii is a bacterium in the Mycobacterium family. The genus includes species known to cause serious diseases in mammals, including tuberculosis and leprosy, but this species is generally not dangerous to healthy people....

 --- mycobacterium marinum

Mycobacterium marinum

Mycobacterium marinum is a free-living bacterium, which causes opportunistic infections in humans.- History :Although Aronson isolated this mycobacterium in 1926 from a fish, it was not until 1951 that it was found to be the cause of human disease by Linell and Norden...

 --- mycobacterium scrofulaceum

Mycobacterium scrofulaceum

Mycobacterium scrofulaceum is a species of Mycobacterium.It is the most common cause of cervical lymphadenitis in children.It is sometimes included in the "MAIS group" with Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare....

 --- mycobacterium smegmatis

Mycobacterium smegmatis

Mycobacterium smegmatis is 3.0 to 5.0 µm long with a bacillus shape, an acid-fast bacterial species in the phylum Actinobacteria. It can be stained by Ziehl-Neelsen method and the auramine-rhodamine fluorescent method. It was first reported in November 1884 by Lustgarten, who found a bacillus...

 --- mycobacterium ulcerans

Mycobacterium ulcerans

Mycobacterium ulcerans is a slow-growing mycobacterium that classically infects the skin and subcutaneous tissues, giving rise to indolent nonulcerated and ulcerated lesions. After tuberculosis and leprosy, Buruli ulcer is the third most common mycobacteriosis of humans. M...

 --- mycobacterium xenopi

Mycobacterium xenopi

Mycobacterium xenopi is a slow-growing scotochromogenic species of Mycobacterium. It was first reported by Schwabacher in 1959, having been isolated in lesions found on a Xenopus laevis, but the possibility of human infection was not confirmed until 1965.It has low pathogenicity in humans, and...

 --- mycobacterium avium --- mycobacterium bovis

Mycobacterium bovis

Mycobacterium bovis is a slow-growing , aerobic bacterium and the causative agent of tuberculosis in cattle...

 --- mycobacterium haemophilum

Mycobacterium haemophilum

Mycobacterium haemophilum-Description:Short, occasionally curved, gram-positive, nonmotile and strongly acid-fast rods.Colony characteristics*Nonpigmented and rough to smooth colonies.Physiology...

 --- mycobacterium leprae

Mycobacterium leprae

Mycobacterium leprae, also known as Hansen’s coccus spirilly, mostly found in warm tropical countries, is a bacterium that causes leprosy . It is an intracellular, pleomorphic, acid-fast bacterium. M. leprae is an aerobic bacillus surrounded by the characteristic waxy coating unique to mycobacteria...

 --- mycobacterium lepraemurium

Mycobacterium lepraemurium

Mycobacterium lepraemurium is a causative agent of feline leprosy. It causes granulomatous lesions, characteristic of the Mycobacterium genus.-Description:Gram-positive, nonmotile and strongly acid-fast rods...

 --- mycobacterium paratuberculosis --- mycobacterium phlei

Mycobacterium phlei

Mycobacterium phlei is an acid-fast bacteria of the genus Mycobacterium. They are named this way because they contain mycolic acids, which is also the reason that simple staining or Gram staining does not give good results with this microbe...

 --- mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a pathogenic bacterial species in the genus Mycobacterium and the causative agent of most cases of tuberculosis . First discovered in 1882 by Robert Koch, M...

 --- gram-positive endospore-forming rods --- bacillaceae

Bacillaceae

Bacillaceae is a family of Gram-positive, heterotrophic, rod-shaped bacteria that may produce endospores. Motile members of this family are characterized by peritrichous flagellae. Some Bacillaceae are aerobic, while others are facultative or strict anaerobes...

 --- bacillus

Bacillus

Bacillus is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria and a member of the division Firmicutes. Bacillus species can be obligate aerobes or facultative anaerobes, and test positive for the enzyme catalase. Ubiquitous in nature, Bacillus includes both free-living and pathogenic species...

 --- bacillus anthracis

Bacillus anthracis

Bacillus anthracis is the pathogen of the Anthrax acute disease. It is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, with a width of 1-1.2µm and a length of 3-5µm. It can be grown in an ordinary nutrient medium under aerobic or anaerobic conditions.It is one of few bacteria known to...

 --- bacillus cereus

Bacillus cereus

Bacillus cereus is an endemic, soil-dwelling, Gram-positive, rod-shaped, beta hemolytic bacterium. Some strains are harmful to humans and cause foodborne illness, while other strains can be beneficial as probiotics for animals...

 --- bacillus megaterium

Bacillus megaterium

Bacillus megaterium is a rod-shaped, Gram-positive, endospore forming, species of bacteria used as a soil inoculant in agriculture and horticulture.Bacterium is arranged into the streptobacillus form....

 --- bacillus stearothermophilus

Bacillus stearothermophilus

Bacillus stearothermophilus is a rod-shaped, Gram-positive bacterium and a member of the division Firmicutes. The bacteria is a thermophile and is widely distributed in soil, hot springs, ocean sediment, and is a cause of spoilage in food products. It will grow within a temperature range of 30-75...

 --- bacillus subtilis

Bacillus subtilis

Bacillus subtilis, known also as the hay bacillus or grass bacillus, is a Gram-positive, catalase-positive bacterium commonly found in soil. A member of the genus Bacillus, B. subtilis is rod-shaped, and has the ability to form a tough, protective endospore, allowing the organism to tolerate...

 --- bacillus thuringiensis

Bacillus thuringiensis

Bacillus thuringiensis is a Gram-positive, soil-dwelling bacterium, commonly used as a biological pesticide; alternatively, the Cry toxin may be extracted and used as a pesticide. B...

 --- micromonosporaceae

Micromonosporaceae

Micromonosporaceae is a family of bacteria of the order Actinomycetales. They are gram-positive, spore-forming soil organisms that form a true mycelium....

 --- micromonospora

Micromonospora

Micromonospora is a genus of bacteria of the family Micromonosporaceae. They are gram-positive, spore-forming, generally aerobic, and form a branched mycelium; they occur as saprotrophic forms in soil and water...

 --- saccharopolyspora

Saccharopolyspora

Saccharopolyspora is a genus of bacteria within the family Pseudonocardiaceae....

 --- streptomycetaceae

Streptomycetaceae

Streptomycetaceae is a family of Actinobacteria, making up to the monotypic suborder Streptomycineae. It includes the important genus Streptomyces. This was the original source of many antibiotics, namely streptomycin. Streptomycin was the first antibiotic against tuberculosis....

 --- streptomyces

Streptomyces

Streptomyces is the largest genus of Actinobacteria and the type genus of the family Streptomycetaceae. Over 500 species of Streptomyces bacteria have been described. As with the other Actinobacteria, streptomycetes are gram-positive, and have genomes with high guanine and cytosine content...

 --- streptomyces antibioticus --- streptomyces aureofaciens

Streptomyces aureofaciens

Streptomyces aureofaciens is a species of Streptomyces.It is the source of many tetracycline antibiotics....

 --- streptomyces coelicolor

Streptomyces coelicolor

Streptomyces coelicolor is a soil-dwelling Gram-positive bacterium that belongs to the genus Streptomyces.-Usage in biotechnology:Strains of S. coelicolor produce various antibiotics, including actinorhodin, methylenomycin, undecylprodigiosin, and perimycin. Certain strains of S. coelicolor can...

 --- streptomyces griseus

Streptomyces griseus

Streptomyces griseus is a member bacterial species of the genus Streptomyces and are commonly found in soil. A few strains have been also reported from deep sea sediments. These are Gram positive bacterium with high GC content. Along with most other streptomycetes S...

 --- streptomyces lividans

--- alphaproteobacteria

Alphaproteobacteria

Alphaproteobacteria is a class of Proteobacteria. Like all Proteobacteria, they are Gram-negative.-Characteristics:The Alphaproteobacteria comprise most phototrophic genera, but also several genera metabolising C1-compounds , symbionts of plants and animals, and a group of pathogens, the...

--- anaplasmataceae

Anaplasmataceae

Anaplasmataceae is a Proteobacteria family that includes genera Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Neorickettsia and Wolbachia....

 --- anaplasma

Anaplasma

Anaplasma is a genus of rickettsiales bacteria.Anaplasmas reside in host red blood cells and lead to the disease anaplasmosis. The disease most commonly occurs in tropical areas of the world....

 --- anaplasma centrale --- anaplasma marginale --- anaplasma ovis --- anaplasma phagocytophilum

Anaplasma phagocytophilum

Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a gram-negative bacterium that is unusual in its tropism to neutrophils...

 --- ehrlichia

Ehrlichia

Ehrlichia is a genus of rickettsiales bacteria. They are transmitted by ticks. Several species can cause infection in humans. The genus is named after German microbiologist Paul Ehrlich...

 --- ehrlichia canis

Ehrlichia canis

Ehrlichia canis is a species of Ehrlichiaaffecting dogs of all ages....

 --- ehrlichia chaffeensis

Ehrlichia chaffeensis

Ehrlichia chaffeensis is a species of rickettsiales bacteria.It is named for Fort Chaffee.It is the causative agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis....

 --- ehrlichia ruminantium --- neorickettsia

Neorickettsia

Species or Strains in this group are coccoid or pleomorphic cells that reside in cytoplasmic vacuoleswithin monocytes and macrophages of dogs, horses, bats, andhumans....

 --- neorickettsia risticii --- neorickettsia sennetsu --- bartonellaceae

Bartonellaceae

The Bartonellaceae are a family of Rhizobiales that contains the genus Bartonella, which has eight species of bacteria which are pathogenic to humans....

 --- bartonella

Bartonella

Bartonella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria. Facultative intracellular parasites, Bartonella species can infect healthy people but are considered especially important as opportunistic pathogens. Bartonella are transmitted by insect vectors such as ticks, fleas, sand flies and mosquitoes...

 --- bartonella bacilliformis

Bartonella bacilliformis

Bartonella bacilliformis is a proteobacterium, Gram negative aerobic, pleomorphic, flagellated, motile, coccobacillary, 2–3 μm large and 0.2–0.5 μm wide and facultative intracellular bacterium.-History:...

 --- bartonella henselae

Bartonella henselae

Bartonella henselae, formerly Rochalimæa, is a proteobacterium that can cause bacteremia, endocarditis, bacillary angiomatosis, and peliosis hepatis. It is also the causative agent of cat-scratch disease which, as the name suggests, occurs after a cat bite or scratch...

 --- bartonella quintana

Bartonella quintana

Bartonella quintana, originally known as Rochalimaea quintana, and "Rickettsia quintana", is a microorganism that is transmitted by the human body louse. This microorganism is the caustative agent of trench fever...

 --- beijerinckiaceae

Beijerinckiaceae

The Beijerinckiaceae are a family of Rhizobiales. They are named after the Dutch microbiologist Martinus Willem Beijerinck. The Beijerinckia are free living nitrogen fixing bacteria....

 --- bradyrhizobiaceae

Bradyrhizobiaceae

The Bradyrhizobiaceae are a family of bacteria, with ten genera. They include plant-associated bacteria such as Bradyrhizobium, a genus of rhizobia associated with some legumes. It also contains animal-associated bacteria such as Afipia felis, formerly thought to cause cat-scratch disease...

 --- afipia --- bradyrhizobium

Bradyrhizobium

Bradyrhizobium is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria, many of which fix nitrogen. Nitrogen fixation is an important part of the nitrogen cycle. Plants cannot use atmospheric nitrogen they must use nitrogen compounds such as nitrates....

 --- nitrobacter

Nitrobacter

Nitrobacter is genus of mostly rod-shaped, gram-negative, and chemoautotrophic bacteria.Nitrobacter plays an important role in the nitrogen cycle by oxidizing nitrite into nitrate in soil...

 --- rhodopseudomonas --- brucellaceae

Brucellaceae

The Brucellaceae are a family of the gram-negative Rhizobiales. They are named after Sir David Bruce, a Scottish microbiologist. They are aerobic chemoorganotrophes.. The family comprises pathogen and soil bacteria...

 --- brucella

Brucella

Brucella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria. They are small , non-motile, non-encapsulated coccobacilli, which function as facultative intracellular parasites....

 --- brucella abortus --- brucella canis

Brucella canis

Brucella canis is a gram-negative proteobacterium in the family Brucellaceae that causes brucellosis in dogs and other canids. Bacteria B. canis are rod-shaped or cocci, oxidase, catalase, and urease positive. The species was firstly described in USA in 1966 where mass abortions of beagles were...

 --- brucella melitensis

Brucella melitensis

-Introduction:Brucella melitensis is a gram negative coccobacillus bacteria from the Brucellaceae family. The bacterium causes Ovine Brucellosis, along with Brucella ovis. It can infect sheep, cattle, and sometimes humans and it can be transmitted by the stable fly...

 --- brucella ovis

Brucella ovis

Brucella ovis is a gram negative coccobacillus from the Brucellaceae family. Along with Brucella melitensis, it is responsible for causing Ovine Brucellosis, which is a notifiable disease...

 --- brucella suis --- ochrobactrum --- ochrobactrum anthropi --- caulobacteraceae

Caulobacteraceae

Caulobacteraceae is a family of proteobacteria, given its own order within the alpha subgroup. Like all Proteobacteria, the Caulobacteraceae are gram-negative. Caulobacteraceae includes genera Brevundimonas and Caulobacter.-References:...

 --- caulobacter --- caulobacter crescentus

Caulobacter crescentus

Caulobacter crescentus is a Gram-negative, oligotrophic bacterium widely distributed in fresh water lakes and streams.Caulobacter is an important model organism for studying the regulation of the cell cycle, asymmetric cell division, and cellular differentiation. Caulobacter daughter cells have...

 --- holosporaceae

Holosporaceae

The Holosporaceae are a family of bacteria, included in the order Rickettsiales....

 --- hyphomicrobiaceae

Hyphomicrobiaceae

The Hyphomicrobiaceae are a family of bacteria. Among others, they include Rhodomicrobium, a genus of purple bacteria....

 --- azorhizobium

Azorhizobium

Azorhizobium is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria. They fix nitrogen in symbiosis with plants in the genus Sesbania. Strain ORS571 of A. caulinodans has been fully sequenced....

 --- azorhizobium caulinodans

Azorhizobium caulinodans

Azorhizobium caulinodans is a species of bacteria, which forms a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with plants of the genus Sesbania....

 --- hyphomicrobium --- rhodomicrobium --- xanthobacter --- methylobacteriaceae

Methylobacteriaceae

The Methylobacteriaceae are a family of Rhizobiales....

 --- methylobacterium

Methylobacterium

The Methylobacteria are a genus of Rhizobiales.http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/MethylobacteriumPhylogenetic treehttp://www.oeb.harvard.edu/faculty/marx/images/clip_image004copy.gif...

 --- methylobacterium extorquens

Methylobacterium extorquens

Methylobacterium extorquens is a Gram-negative bacterium....

 --- methylocystaceae

Methylocystaceae

The Methylocystaceae are a family of bacteria that are capable of obtaining carbon and energy from methane. Such bacteria are called methanotrophs, and in particular the Methylocystaceae comprise the type II methanotrophs, which are structurally and biochemically distinct from the Methylococcaceae...

 --- methylosinus --- methylosinus trichosporium --- rhodospirillales

Rhodospirillales

The Rhodospirillales is an order of Proteobacteria, with two families: the Acetobacteraceae and the Rhodospirillaceae.The Acetobacteraceae comprise the acetic acid bacteria, which are heterotrophic and produce acetic acid during their respiration. The Rhodospirillaceae include mainly purple...

 --- acetobacteraceae --- acetobacter

Acetobacter

Acetobacter is a genus of acetic acid bacteria characterized by the ability to convert ethanol to acetic acid in the presence of oxygen. There are several species within this genus, and there are other bacteria capable of forming acetic acid under various conditions; but all of the Acetobacter are...

 --- acidiphilium

Acidiphilium

Acidiphilium is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria .-Etymology:The name Acidiphilium derives from:New Latin noun acidum , an acid; New Latin neuter gender adjective philum , friend, loving; New Latin neuter gender noun Acidiphilium , acid...

 --- gluconacetobacter --- gluconacetobacter xylinus --- gluconobacter --- gluconobacter oxydans --- rhodospirillaceae

Rhodospirillaceae

The Rhodospirillaceae are a family of Proteobacteria. The majority are purple non-sulfur bacteria, producing energy through photosynthesis; originally all purple non-sulfur bacteria were included here...

 --- azospirillum --- azospirillum brasilense --- azospirillum lipoferum --- magnetospirillum

Magnetospirillum

Magnetospirillum is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic genus of magnetotactic bacterium, first isolated from pond water by the microbiologist R. P. Blakemore in 1975. It is characterized by a spirillar, or helical, morphology. It is also a motile bacterium owing to the presence of a polar flagellum...

 --- rhodospirillum --- rhodospirillum centenum --- rhodospirillum rubrum

Rhodospirillum rubrum

Rhodospirillum rubrum is a Gram-negative, purple-coloured Proteobacterium, with a size of 800 to 1000 nanometers.It is a facultative anaerobe, it can therefore use alcoholic fermentation under low oxygen conditions or use aerobic respiration in aerobic conditions. Under aerobic growth...

 --- rhizobiaceae

Rhizobiaceae

The Rhizobiaceae are a family of proteobacteria, including many species of rhizobia as well as plant parasites like Agrobacterium. Rhizobiaceae are, like all Proteobacteria, gram-negative. They are aerobic and the cells are usually rod-shaped. Many species of the Rhizobiaceae are diazotrophs, they...

 --- rhizobium

Rhizobium

Rhizobium is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. Rhizobium forms an endosymbiotic nitrogen fixing association with roots of legumes and Parasponia....

 --- rhizobium etli --- rhizobium leguminosarum --- rhizobium phaseoli --- rhizobium radiobacter --- rhizobium tropici --- sinorhizobium

Sinorhizobium

Sinorhizobium/Ensifer is a genus of nitrogen-fixing bacteria , two of which have been sequenced.-Etymology:...

 --- sinorhizobium fredii --- sinorhizobium meliloti

Sinorhizobium meliloti

Sinorhizobium meliloti is a Gram-negative nitrogen-fixing bacterium . It forms a symbiotic relationship with legumes from the genera Medicago, Melilotus and Trigonella, including the model legume Medicago truncatula. This symbiosis results in a new plant organ termed a root nodule. The S...

 --- rhodobacteraceae

Rhodobacteraceae

The Rhodobacteraceae are a family of proteobacteria, given their own order within the alpha subgroup. Like all proteobaceria, they are gram-negative. It contains chemoorganotrophs and photoheterotrophs bacteria. Many occur in aquatic habitats....

 --- paracoccus

Paracoccus

In taxonomy, Paracoccus is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.-External links:...

 --- paracoccus denitrificans

Paracoccus denitrificans

Paracoccus denitrificans, is a coccoid bacterium known for its nitrate reducing properties, its ability to replicate under conditions of hypergravity and for being the possible ancestor of the eukaryotic mitochondrion .-Description:...

 --- paracoccus pantotrophus --- rhodobacter

Rhodobacter

In taxonomy, Rhodobacter is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.The most famous species of Rhodobacter is Rhodobacter sphaeroides, which is commonly used to express proteins.-External links:...

 --- rhodobacter capsulatus --- rhodobacter sphaeroides

Rhodobacter sphaeroides

Rhodobacter sphaeroides is a kind of purple bacteria; a group of bacteria that can obtain energy through photosynthesis. Its best growth conditions are anaerobic phototrophy and aerobic chemoheterotrophy in the absence of light. R. sphaeroides is also able to fix nitrogen...

 --- rhodovulum

Rhodovulum

In taxonomy, Rhodovulum is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.-External links:...

 --- roseobacter --- rickettsiaceae

Rickettsiaceae

The Rickettsiaceae are a family of bacteria, including most notably the genus Rickettsia.Most human pathogens are in genus Rickettsia. They spend part of their life cycle in the bodies of arthropods such as ticks or lice, and are then transmitted to humans or other mammals by the bite of the...

 --- rickettsieae --- orientia tsutsugamushi

Orientia tsutsugamushi

Orientia tsutsugamushi is the causative organism of scrub typhus, and the natural vector and reservoir is probably trombiculid mites ....

 --- rickettsia

Rickettsia

Rickettsia is a genus of non-motile, Gram-negative, non-sporeforming, highly pleomorphic bacteria that can present as cocci , rods or thread-like . Being obligate intracellular parasites, the Rickettsia survival depends on entry, growth, and replication within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic host cells...

 --- rickettsia akari

Rickettsia akari

Rickettsia akari is a species of Rickettsia which causes rickettsialpox.After a 1946 outbreak of a rickettsial-type disease at an apartment complex in Kew Gardens, Queens, an investigation was performed to identify the source of the infections...

 --- rickettsia conorii

Rickettsia conorii

Rickettsia conorii is a unicellular, gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacterium of the genus Rickettsia that causes human disease called Boutonneuse fever, Mediterranean spotted fever, Israeli tick typhus, Astrakhan spotted fever, Kenya tick typhus, Indian tick typhus, or other names that...

 --- rickettsia felis

Rickettsia felis

Rickettsia felis or cat-flea typhus is a species of Rickettsia that causes flea-borne spotted fever in cats. The bacteria can also infect humans and cause illness. Fleas are the vector carriers of the bacteria and it has been found in cat flea populations of North and South America, Southern...

 --- rickettsia prowazekii

Rickettsia prowazekii

Rickettsia prowazekii is a species of gram negative, Alpha Proteobacteria, obligate intracellular parasitic, aerobic bacteria that is the etiologic agent of epidemic typhus, transmitted in the feces of lice. In North America, the main reservoir for R. prowazekii is the flying squirrel. R...

 --- rickettsia rickettsii

Rickettsia rickettsii

Rickettsia rickettsii is a unicellular, gram-negative coccobacillus that is native to the New World. It belongs to the spotted fever group of Rickettsia and is most commonly known as the causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever . By nature, R...

 --- rickettsia typhi

Rickettsia typhi

Rickettsia typhi is a species of the genus Rickettsia.It is the causative agent of Murine typhus.The genome is similar to that of Rickettsia prowazekii.-References:...

 --- wolbachia

Wolbachia

Wolbachia is a genus of bacteria which infects arthropod species, including a high proportion of insects , as well as some nematodes. It is one of the world's most common parasitic microbes and is possibly the most common reproductive parasite in the biosphere...

 --- sphingomonadaceae

Sphingomonadaceae

Sphingomonadaceae are a family of Alpha Proteobacteria that contain all the sphingomonads....

 --- sphingomonas

Sphingomonas

Sphingomonas was defined in 1990 as a group of Gram-negative, rod-shaped, chemoheterotrophic, strictly aerobic bacteria. They possess ubiquinone 10 as their major respiratory quinone, contain glycosphingolipids instead of lipopolysaccharide in their cell envelopes, and typically produce...

 --- zymomonas

Zymomonas

Zymomonas is a genus of bacteria. The best known species from this genus is Zymomonas mobilis. Members of this genus are gram negative, facultative anaerobic, non-sporulating, polarly-flagellated, rod-shaped bacteria....

--- betaproteobacteria

Betaproteobacteria

Betaproteobacteria is a class of Proteobacteria. Betaproteobacteria are, like all Proteobacteria, gram-negative.The Betaproteobacteria consist of several groups of aerobic or facultative bacteria which are often highly versatile in their degradation capacities, but also contain chemolithotrophic...

--- alcaligenaceae

Alcaligenaceae

The Alcaligenaceae are a family of bacteria, included in the order Burkholderiales. Members are found in water, soil, animals and humans. Some species, like some of Bordetella, are pathogen for humans and for some animals....

 --- achromobacter

Achromobacter

The Achromobacter are a genus of bacteria, included in the order Burkholderiales. The cells are straight rods and are motile by using 1 – 20 peritrichous flagella. They are strictly aerobic and are found in water and soils....

 --- achromobacter cycloclastes --- achromobacter denitrificans --- alcaligenes

Alcaligenes

Alcaligenes is a genus of Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria. The species are motile with one or more peritrichous flagella.Alcaligenes species have been used for the industrial production of non-standard amino acids; A. eutrophus also produces the biopolymer polyhydroxybutyrate .-External...

 --- alcaligenes faecalis

Alcaligenes faecalis

Alcaligenes faecalis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile, non-nitrate reducing, oxidase positive, catalase positive, beta hemolytic, and citrate positive obligate aerobe that is commonly found in the environment. It was originally named for its first discovery in feces, but was later found to be...

 --- bordetella

Bordetella

Bordetella is a genus of small , Gram-negative coccobacilli of the phylum proteobacteria. Bordetella species, with the exception of B. petrii, are obligate aerobes as well as highly fastidious, or difficult to culture. Three species are human pathogens ; one of these Bordetella is a genus of small...

 --- bordetella avium --- bordetella bronchiseptica

Bordetella bronchiseptica

Bordetella bronchiseptica is a small, gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium of the genus Bordetella. It can cause infectious bronchitis, but rarely infects humans. Closely related to B. pertussis—the obligate human pathogen that causes pertussis or whooping cough—B...

 --- bordetella parapertussis

Bordetella parapertussis

Bordetella parapertussis is a small Gram-negative bacterium of the genus Bordetella which is adapted to colonise the mammalian respiratory tract. Pertussis caused by B. parapertussis manifests with similar symptoms to B. pertussis-derived disease but tends to be generally less severe. Immunity...

 --- bordetella pertussis

Bordetella pertussis

Bordetella pertussis is a Gram-negative, aerobic coccobacillus of the genus Bordetella, and the causative agent of pertussis or whooping cough. Unlike B. bronchiseptica, B. pertussis is non-motile. Its virulence factors include pertussis toxin, filamentous hæmagglutinin, pertactin, fimbria, and...

 --- taylorella

Taylorella

Taylorella is a genus of the Alcaligenaceae of the ordo of the Burkholderiales. The cells are usually rod-shaped.There are two species of Taylorella:* Taylorella equigenitalis: causes the Contagious Equine Metritis in horses....

 --- taylorella equigenitalis

Taylorella equigenitalis

Taylorella equigenitalis is a Gram-negative bacterium of the genus Taylorella, and the causative agent of Contagious Equine Metritis in horses.-External links:...

 --- burkholderiaceae

Burkholderiaceae

The Burkholderiaceae are a family of bacteria, included in the order Burkholderiales. It includes some pathogenic species, like Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei .-External links:...

 --- burkholderia

Burkholderia

Burkholderia is a genus of proteobacteria probably best known for its pathogenic members:Burkholderia mallei, responsible for glanders, a disease that occurs mostly in horses and related animals;...

 --- burkholderia cepacia complex

Burkholderia cepacia complex

Burkholderia cepacia complex , or simply Burkholderia cepacia is a group of catalase-producing, non-lactose-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria composed of at least seventeen different species, including B. cepacia, B. multivorans, B. cenocepacia, B. vietnamiensis, B. stabilis, B. ambifaria, B....

 --- burkholderia cepacia --- burkholderia gladioli

Burkholderia gladioli

Burkholderia gladioli is a species of aerobic gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria that causes disease in both humans and plants. It can also live in symbiosis with plants and fungi and is found in soil, water, the rhizosphere, and in many animals...

 --- burkholderia mallei

Burkholderia mallei

Burkholderia mallei is a gram-negative bipolar aerobic bacterium, a Burkholderia-genus human and animal pathogen causing Glanders; the Latin name of this disease gave name to the causative agent species...

 --- burkholderia pseudomallei

Burkholderia pseudomallei

Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative, bipolar, aerobic, motile rod-shaped bacterium. It infects humans and animals and causes the disease melioidosis. It is also capable of infecting plants....

 --- comamonadaceae

Comamonadaceae

The Comamonadaceae are a family of the Beta Proteobacteria. Like all Proteobacteria, they are Gram-negative. They are aerobic and most of the species are motile via flagella and curved rod-shaped.-References:...

 --- comamonas

Comamonas

The Comamonas are a genus of Proteobacteria....

 --- comamonas testosteroni

Comamonas testosteroni

Comamonas testosteroni is a Gram-negative soil bacterium. Strain I2gfp has been used in bioaugmentation trials, in attempts to treat the industrial by-product 3-chloroaniline....

 --- delftia

Delftia

Delftia is a genus of Comamonad bacteria....

 --- delftia acidovorans

Delftia acidovorans

Delftia acidivorans is a Gram-negative bacterium known for its ability, together with another bacterium species, Cupriavidus metallidurans, to produce gold nuggets. Layers of these bacteria dissolve gold into nanoparticles. These nanoparticles are able to move through rocks and soil and can be...

 --- leptothrix --- sphaerotilus --- gallionellaceae --- hydrogenophilaceae

Hydrogenophilaceae

The Hydrogenophilaceae are a family of Betaproteobacteria, with two genera. Like all Proteobacteria they are Gram-negative. Hydrogenophilus are thermophilic, growing around 50 °C and obtaining their energy from oxidizing hydrogen. It includes the genera Hydrogenophilus and Thiobacillus...

 --- thiobacillus --- methylophilaceae

Methylophilaceae

The Methylophilaceae are a family of Proteobacteria, given their own order. Like all Proteobacteria, they are gram-negative. The cells are slightly curved or straight rod-shaped.-External links:...

 --- methylobacillus

Methylobacillus

The Methylobacillus are a genus of Gram-negative methylotrophic bacteria. The cells are rod shaped.-External links:* J.P. Euzéby: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature...

 --- methylophilus --- methylophilus methylotrophus --- neisseriaceae

Neisseriaceae

The Neisseriaceae are a family of Proteobacteria, given their own order. While many organisms in the family are mammalian commensals or part of the normal flora, the genus Neisseria includes 2 important human pathogens, specifically those responsible for gonorrhea and many cases of meningitis...

 --- chromobacterium

Chromobacterium

Chromobacterium is a genus of gram-negative rods. There is only one known species within the genus, Chromobacterium violaceum....

 --- eikenella

Eikenella

Eikenella corrodens is a fastidious gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacillus. It was first identified by M. Eiken in 1958, who called it Bacteroides corrodens.-Microbiology:...

 --- eikenella corrodens --- kingella --- kingella kingae

Kingella kingae

Kingella kingae is a species of gram-negative aerobic coccobacilli. First isolated in 1960, it was not until the 1990s that culture techniques improved enough for it to become recognized as a significant cause of infection in young children...

 --- neisseria

Neisseria

The Neisseria is a large genus of commensal bacteria that colonize the mucosal surfaces of many animals. Of the 11 species that colonize humans, only two are pathogens. N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae often cause asymptomatic infections, a commensal-like behavior...

 --- neisseria cinerea --- neisseria elongata

Neisseria elongata

Neisseria elongata is a Gram negative bacterium and is different from the other cocci shaped members of the genus Neisseria as it is rod shaped. Unlike other Neisseria it is catalase negative....

 --- neisseria gonorrhoeae

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Neisseria gonorrhoeae, also known as gonococci , or gonococcus , is a species of Gram-negative coffee bean-shaped diplococci bacteria responsible for the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea.N...

 --- neisseria lactamica

Neisseria lactamica

Neisseria lactamica is a gram-negative diplococcus bacterium. It is strictly a commensal species of the nasopharynx. Uniquely among the Neisseria they are able to produce β-D-galactosidase and ferment lactose ....

 --- neisseria meningitidis

Neisseria meningitidis

Neisseria meningitidis, often referred to as meningococcus, is a bacterium that can cause meningitis and other forms of meningococcal disease such as meningococcemia, a life threatening sepsis. N. meningitidis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality during childhood in industrialized countries...

 --- neisseria meningitidis, serogroup a --- neisseria meningitidis, serogroup b --- neisseria meningitidis, serogroup c --- neisseria meningitidis, serogroup w-135 --- neisseria meningitidis, serogroup y --- neisseria mucosa

Neisseria mucosa

Neisseria mucosa is a species of Neisseria.It is notable among Neisseria for its ability to metabolize sucrose.It can cause Endocarditis....

 --- neisseria sicca

Neisseria sicca

Neisseria sicca is a commensal organism belonging to the genus Neisseria. It is gram-negative and oxidase-positive. There are multiple strains of this species, some of which are reported to have caused septicaemia in immunocompromised patients. These bacteria are the first among Neisseria species...

 --- vitreoscilla --- nitrosomonadaceae --- nitrosomonas

Nitrosomonas

Nitrosomonas is a genus comprising rod shaped chemoautotrophic bacteria.This rare bacteria oxidizes ammonia into nitrite as a metabolic process. Nitrosomonas are useful in treatment of industrial and sewage waste and in the process of bioremediation. They are important in the nitrogen cycle by...

 --- nitrosomonas europaea --- oxalobacteraceae

Oxalobacteraceae

The Oxalobacteraceae are a family of bacteria, included in the order Burkholderiales. Like all Proteobacteria, Oxalobacteraceae are gram-negative. The Family includes strict aerobes, strict anaerobes, and also nitrogen-fixing members....

 --- herbaspirillum

Herbaspirillum

Herbaspirillum is a genus of bacteria, including the nitrogen fixing Herbaspirillum lusitanum, which nodulates Phaseolus vulgaris....

 --- oxalobacter formigenes

Oxalobacter formigenes

Oxalobacter formigenes is an oxalate-degrading anaerobic bacterium that colonizes the large intestine of numerous vertebrates, including humans. O. formigenes and humans share a beneficial symbiosis....

 --- ralstoniaceae

Ralstoniaceae

The Ralstoniaceae are a family of gram-negative bacteria, included in the order Burkholderiales. It consists of a single genus, Ralstonia....

 --- ralstonia

Ralstonia

Ralstonia is a genus of proteobacteria, previously included in the genus Pseudomonas. It is named after the American bacteriologist E. Ralston.-Genomics:* *...

 --- ralstonia pickettii

Ralstonia pickettii

Ralstonia pickettii is a Gram-negative soil bacterium....

 --- ralstonia solanacearum

Ralstonia solanacearum

Ralstonia solanacearum is an aerobic non-sporing, Gram-negative plant pathogenic bacterium. R. solanacearum is soil-borne and motile with a polar flagellar tuft. It colonises the xylem, causing bacterial wilt in a very wide range of potential host plants...

 --- wautersia --- wautersia eutropha --- rhodocyclaceae

Rhodocyclaceae

The Rhodocyclaceae are a family of gram-negative bacteria. They are given their own order in the beta subgroup of Proteobacteria, and include many genera previously assigned to the family Pseudomonadaceae. The family contains mainly aerobic or denitrifying rod-shaped bacteria, which exhibit very...

 --- azoarcus --- thauera

Thauera

Thauera is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria named after the German Microbiologist Rudolf Thauer. Most species of this genus are motile by flagellas and are mostly rod-shaped. The species occur in wet soil and polluted freshwater....

 --- zoogloea --- spirillaceae

Spirillaceae

Spirillaceae is a family of bacteria. It has been described as a member of Nitrosomonadales, in Betaproteobacteria.It includes the species Spirillum minus which causes Rat bite fever....

 --- spirillum

Spirillum

Spirillum in microbiology refers to a bacterium with a cell body that twists like a spiral. It is the third distinct bacterial cell shape type besides coccus and bacillus cells.-Taxonomic:...

--- deltaproteobacteria

Deltaproteobacteria

Deltaproteobacteria is a class of Proteobacteria. All species of this group are, like all Proteobacteria, gram-negative.The Deltaproteobacteria comprise a branch of predominantly aerobic genera, the fruiting-body-forming Myxobacteria which release myxospores in unfavorable environments, and a...

--- bdellovibrio

Bdellovibrio

Bdellovibrio is a genus of Gram-negative, obligate aerobic bacteria.One of the more notable characteristics of this genus is that members parasitize other Gram-negative bacteria by entering into their periplasmic space and feeding on the biopolymers, e.g. proteins and nucleic acids, of their hosts...

 --- bilophila --- desulfovibrio

Desulfovibrio

Desulfovibrio is a genus of Gram negative sulfate-reducing bacteria. Some species of Desulfovibrio are capable of transduction. Desulfovibrio species are commonly found in aquatic environments with high levels of organic material, as well as in water-logged soils, and form major community members...

 --- desulfovibrio africanus --- desulfovibrio desulfuricans --- desulfovibrio gigas --- desulfovibrio vulgaris

Desulfovibrio vulgaris

Desulfovibrio vulgaris is a species of Gram-negative sulfate-reducing bacteria in the Desulfovibrionaceae family....

 --- desulfuromonas --- geobacter

Geobacter

Geobacter is a genus of proteobacteria. Geobacter are an anaerobic respiration bacterial species which have capabilities that make them useful in bioremediation...

 --- lawsonia bacteria --- myxococcales --- myxococcus --- myxococcus xanthus

Myxococcus xanthus

Myxococcus xanthus colonies exist as a self-organized, predatory, saprotrophic, single-species biofilm called a swarm. Myxococcus xanthus, which can be found almost ubiquitously in soil, are thin rod shaped, gram-negative cells that exhibit self-organizing behavior as a response to environmental...

 --- stigmatella --- stigmatella aurantiaca

--- epsilonproteobacteria

Epsilonproteobacteria

Epsilonproteobacteria is a class of Proteobacteria. All species of this class are, like all Proteobacteria, gram-negative.The Epsilonproteobacteria consist of few known genera, mainly the curved to spirilloid Wolinella spp., Helicobacter spp., and Campylobacter spp...

--- arcobacter

Arcobacter

-Overview:Arcobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, spiral-shaped bacteria in the epsilonproteobacteria class. It shows an unusually wide range of habitats, and some species can be human and animal pathogens. Species of the genus Arcobacter are found in both animal and environmental sources, making...

 --- campylobacter

Campylobacter

Campylobacter is a genus of bacteria that are Gram-negative, spiral, and microaerophilic. Motile, with either unipolar or bipolar flagella, the organisms have a characteristic spiral/corkscrew appearance and are oxidase-positive. Campylobacter jejuni is now recognized as one of the main causes...

 --- campylobacter coli --- campylobacter fetus

Campylobacter fetus

Campylobacter fetus is a species of Gram-negative, motile bacteria with a characteristic "S-shaped" rod morphology similar to members of the genus Vibrio. Like other members of the Campylobacter genus, C. fetus is oxidase-positive....

 --- campylobacter hyointestinalis --- campylobacter jejuni

Campylobacter jejuni

Campylobacter jejuni is a species of curved, helical-shaped, non-spore forming, Gram-negative, microaerophilic bacteria commonly found in animal feces. It is one of the most common causes of human gastroenteritis in the world. Food poisoning caused by Campylobacter species can be severely...

 --- campylobacter lari --- campylobacter rectus

Campylobacter rectus

Campylobacter rectus is a species of Campylobacter. It is implicated as a pathogen in chronic periodontitis which can induce bone loss. It is a gram negative motile, aerotolerant rod....

 --- campylobacter sputorum --- campylobacter upsaliensis

Campylobacter upsaliensis

Campylobacter upsaliensis is a species of campylobacter. It can be found in cats and dogs.-Etymology:Campylobacter upsaliensis is named after Uppsala, Sweden, where it was first discovered.- Pathogenesis :...

 --- gastrospirillum --- helicobacter

Helicobacter

Helicobacter is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria possessing a characteristic helix shape. They were initially considered to be members of the Campylobacter genus, but since 1989 they have been grouped in their own genus...

 --- helicobacter felis --- helicobacter heilmannii --- helicobacter hepaticus --- helicobacter mustelae --- helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter pylori , previously named Campylobacter pyloridis, is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium found in the stomach. It was identified in 1982 by Barry Marshall and Robin Warren, who found that it was present in patients with chronic gastritis and gastric ulcers, conditions that were...

 --- wolinella

--- gammaproteobacteria

Gammaproteobacteria

Gammaproteobacteria is a class of several medically, ecologically and scientifically important groups of bacteria, such as the Enterobacteriaceae , Vibrionaceae and Pseudomonadaceae. An exceeding number of important pathogens belongs to this class, e.g...

--- acidithiobacillus

Acidithiobacillus

Acidithiobacillus is a genus of Proteobacteria. Like all Proteobacteria, Acidithiobacillus is Gram-negative. The members of this genus used to belong to Thiobacillus, before they were reclassified in the year 2000....

 --- acidithiobacillus thiooxidans --- aeromonadaceae

Aeromonadaceae

The Aeromonadaceae are Gram-negative soil bacteria....

 --- aeromonas

Aeromonas

Aeromonas is a gram-negative, facultative anaerobic rod that morphologically resembles members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Fourteen species of Aeromonas have been described, most of which have been associated with human diseases. The most important pathogens are A. hydrophila, A. caviae, and...

 --- aeromonas hydrophila

Aeromonas hydrophila

Aeromonas hydrophila is a heterotrophic, Gram-negative, rod shaped bacterium, mainly found in areas with a warm climate. This bacterium can also be found in fresh, salt, marine, estuarine, chlorinated, and un-chlorinated water. Aeromonas hydrophila can survive in aerobic and anaerobic...

 --- aeromonas salmonicida

Aeromonas salmonicida

Aeromonas salmonicida is a species of Gram-negative bacteria, from the genus Aeromonas, which causes the disease furunculosis in marine and freshwater fish.-Cell structure and metabolism:...

 --- alteromonadaceae

Alteromonadaceae

The Alteromonadaceae are a family of Proteobacteria. They are now one of several families in the order Alteromonadales, including Alteromonas and its closest relatives....

 --- alteromonas

Alteromonas

Alteromonas is a genus of Proteobacteria found in sea water, either in the open ocean or in the coast. It is gram-negative. Its organelles consist of curved rods and a single polar flagellum.-Etymology:...

 --- moritella --- pseudoalteromonas

Pseudoalteromonas

Pseudoalteromonas is a genus of marine bacterium.-Species:*Pseudoalteromonas agarivorans *Pseudoalteromonas antarctica *Pseudoalteromonas atlantica...

 --- shewanella

Shewanella

Shewanella is the sole genus included in the Shewanellaceae family of marine bacteria. Shewanella is a marine bacterium capable of modifying metals, by saturating them with electrons causing the metal to expand and soften, allowing them to process it, which in turn releases an electrical charge...

 --- shewanella putrefaciens

Shewanella putrefaciens

Shewanella putrefaciens is a Gram-negative bacterium. It has been isolated from marine environments, as well as from anaerobic sandstone in the Morrison formation in New Mexico. S...

 --- buchnera

Buchnera

Buchnera can refer to:*Buchnera , a plant genus from the family Orobanchaceae*Buchnera , a genus of proteobacteria...

 --- cardiobacteriaceae

Cardiobacteriaceae

The Cardiobacteriaceae are a family of Proteobacteria, given their own order. They are Gram-negative, rod-shaped, with diameters around 0.5 to 1.7 µm and lengths from 1–6 µm....

 --- cardiobacterium --- dichelobacter nodosus

Dichelobacter nodosus

Dichelobacter nodosus, formerly Bacteroides nodosus, is a Gram-negative, obligate anaerobe of the family Cardiobacteriaceae. It has polar fimbriae and is the causative agent of ovine foot rot. It is the lone species in the genus Dichelobacter.-External...

 --- chromatiaceae

Chromatiaceae

The Chromatiaceae are the main family of purple sulfur bacteria. They are distinguished by producing sulfur globules within their cells. These are an intermediate in the oxidization of sulfide, which is ultimately converted into sulfate, and may serve as a reserve. Members are found in both...

 --- chromatium

Chromatium

Chromatium is a genus of photoautotrophic Gram-negative bacteria, also known as purple sulfur bacteria, which are found in water. These bacteria oxidize sulfide to produce sulfur which is deposited in intracellular granules of the cytoplasm. They also couple oxidation of other metals, like iron, in...

 --- halothiobacillus

Halothiobacillus

Halothiobacillus is a genus of Proteobacteria. All species are obligate aerobic bacteria, they requires oxygen to grow. They are also halophile, they live in environments with high concentrations of salt....

 --- thiocapsa --- thiocapsa roseopersicina --- coxiellaceae

Coxiellaceae

Coxiellaceae is a family in the order Legionellales.Coxiella burnetii is a species in this order.Another is Rickettsiella melolonthae....

 --- coxiella

Coxiella

Coxiella refers to a genus of Gram-negative bacteria in the family Coxiellaceae. It is named after Harold Herald Rea Cox , an American bacteriologist. Coxiella burnetii is the only member of this genus...

 --- coxiella burnetii

Coxiella burnetii

Coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen, and is the causative agent of Q fever. The genus Coxiella is morphologically similar to Rickettsia, but with a variety of genetic and physiological differences. C...

 --- ectothiorhodospiraceae

Ectothiorhodospiraceae

The Ectothiorhodospiraceae are a family of purple sulfur bacteria, distinguished by producing sulfur globules outside of their cells. They are generally marine....

 --- ectothiorhodospira --- ectothiorhodospira shaposhnikovii --- halorhodospira halophila --- enterobacteriaceae

Enterobacteriaceae

The Enterobacteriaceae is a large family of bacteria that includes many of the more familiar pathogens, such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Yersinia pestis, Klebsiella and Shigella. This family is the only representative in the order Enterobacteriales of the class Gammaproteobacteria in the...

 --- calymmatobacterium --- citrobacter

Citrobacter

Citrobacter is a genus of Gram-negative coliform bacteria in the Enterobacteriaceae family.The species C. amalonaticus, C. koseri, and C. freundii use solely citrate as a carbon source...

 --- citrobacter freundii

Citrobacter freundii

Citrobacter freundii are aerobic Gram-negative bacilli. The bacteria are long rod-shaped with a typically length of 1-5 μm. Most C. freundii cells are surrounded by several flagella used for locomotion, but a few are non-motile. It can be found in soil, water, sewage, food and the intestinal tracts...

 --- citrobacter koseri

Citrobacter koseri

Citrobacter koseri is a species of Citrobacter.It can cause brain abscesses with meningitis.-References:...

 --- citrobacter rodentium --- edwardsiella

Edwardsiella

Edwardsiella is a Gram negative, fermentative bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. It was first discovered in snakes in 1962.----Associated persons:Philip R. EdwardsDescription:...

 --- edwardsiella ictaluri

Edwardsiella ictaluri

Edwardsiella ictaluri is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family. The bacterium is a short, gram negative, pleomorphic rod with flagella...

 --- edwardsiella tarda

Edwardsiella tarda

-Introduction:Edwardsiella tarda is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family. The bacterium is a facultatively anaerobic, small, motile, gram negative, straight rod with flagella...

 --- enterobacter

Enterobacter

Enterobacter is a genus of common Gram-negative, facultatively-anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Several strains of the these bacteria are pathogenic and cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised hosts and in those who are on mechanical ventilation...

 --- enterobacter aerogenes

Enterobacter aerogenes

Enterobacter aerogenes is a Gram-negative, oxidase negative, catalase positive, citrate positive, indole negative, rod-shaped bacterium....

 --- enterobacter cloacae

Enterobacter cloacae

Enterobacter cloacae is a clinically significant Gram-negative, facultatively-anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium.-Microbiology:*BioHazard Level: 1 *Growth Temperature: 30°CAppropriate growth media:nutrient agar, nutrient broth...

 --- enterobacter sakazakii

Enterobacter sakazakii

Enterobacter sakazakii is a Gram-negative rod-shaped pathogenic bacterium. It is a rare cause of invasive infection with historically high case fatality rates in infants.It can cause bacteraemia, meningitis and necrotising enterocolitis. E...

 --- erwinia

Erwinia

Erwinia is a genus of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria containing mostly plant pathogenic species which was named for the first phytobacteriologist, Erwin Smith. It is a gram negative bacterium related to E. coli, Shigella, Salmonella and Yersinia. It is primarily a rod-shaped bacteria. A well-known...

 --- erwinia amylovora --- escherichia

Escherichia

Escherichia is a genus of Gram-negative, non-spore forming, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria from the family Enterobacteriaceae. In those species which are inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tracts of warm-blooded animals, Escherichia species provide a portion of the...

 --- escherichia coli

Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms . Most E. coli strains are harmless, but some serotypes can cause serious food poisoning in humans, and are occasionally responsible for product recalls...

 --- escherichia coli k12 --- escherichia coli o157 --- hafnia --- hafnia alvei --- klebsiella

Klebsiella

Klebsiella is a genus of non-motile, Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacteria with a prominent polysaccharide-based capsule. It is named after the German microbiologist Edwin Klebs...

 --- klebsiella oxytoca

Klebsiella oxytoca

Klebsiella oxytoca is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that is closely related to K. pneumoniae, from which it is distinguished by being indole-positive; it also has slightly different growth characteristics in that it is able to grow on melezitose, but not 3-hydroxybutyrate.- Industrial uses...

 --- klebsiella pneumoniae

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative, non-motile, encapsulated, lactose fermenting, facultative anaerobic, rod shaped bacterium found in the normal flora of the mouth, skin, and intestines....

 --- kluyvera --- morganella --- morganella morganii

Morganella morganii

Morganella morganii is a species of Gram-negative bacillus bacteria. It is oxidase-negative and conducts anaerobic respiration. It causes a disease known as Summer Diarrhea....

 --- pantoea

Pantoea

Pantoea is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. It comprises seven species and two sub-species....

 --- pectobacterium --- pectobacterium carotovorum --- pectobacterium chrysanthemi --- photorhabdus --- plesiomonas --- proteus

Proteus

In Greek mythology, Proteus is an early sea-god, one of several deities whom Homer calls the "Old Man of the Sea", whose name suggests the "first" , as protogonos is the "primordial" or the "firstborn". He became the son of Poseidon in the Olympian theogony In Greek mythology, Proteus (Πρωτεύς)...

 --- proteus mirabilis

Proteus mirabilis

Proteus mirabilis is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod shaped bacterium. It shows swarming motility, and urease activity. P. mirabilis causes 90% of all Proteus infections in humans.-Diagnosis:...

 --- proteus penneri

Proteus penneri

Proteus penneri is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod shaped bacterium. The species was formerly called Proteus vulgaris indole negative or P. vulgaris biogroup 1 but was found to be genetically distinct from P. vulgaris. P. penneri is a cause of nosocomial...

 --- proteus vulgaris

Proteus vulgaris

Proteus vulgaris is a rod-shaped, Gram negative bacterium that inhabits the intestinal tracts of humans and animals. It can be found in soil, water and fecal matter. It is grouped with the enterobacteriaceae and is an opportunistic pathogen of humans...

 --- providencia

Providencia

Providencia may refer to:* Providencia, Chile* Providencia District in Amazonas, Peru* Providencia Island, part of the San Andrés y Providencia Department district of Colombia in the Caribbean sea...

 --- rahnella --- salmonella

Salmonella

Salmonella is a genus of rod-shaped, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, predominantly motile enterobacteria with diameters around 0.7 to 1.5 µm, lengths from 2 to 5 µm, and flagella which grade in all directions . They are chemoorganotrophs, obtaining their energy from oxidation and reduction...

 --- salmonella arizonae --- salmonella enterica

Salmonella enterica

Salmonella enterica is a rod-shaped flagellated, facultative anaerobic, Gram-negative bacterium, and a member of the genus Salmonella.- Epidemiology :...

 --- salmonella enteritidis --- salmonella paratyphi a --- salmonella paratyphi b --- salmonella paratyphi c --- salmonella typhi --- salmonella typhimurium --- serratia

Serratia

Serratia is a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family. The most common species in the genus, S. marcescens, is normally the only pathogen and usually causes nosocomial infections. However, rare strains of S. plymuthica, S. liquefaciens,...

 --- serratia liquefaciens --- serratia marcescens

Serratia marcescens

Serratia marcescens is a species of Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium in the family Enterobacteriaceae. A human pathogen, S. marcescens is involved in nosocomial infections, particularly catheter-associated bacteremia, urinary tract infections and wound infections, and is responsible for 1.4% of...

 --- shigella

Shigella

Shigella is a genus of Gram-negative, nonspore forming, non-motile, rod-shaped bacteria closely related to Escherichia coli and Salmonella. The causative agent of human shigellosis, Shigella causes disease in primates, but not in other mammals. It is only naturally found in humans and apes. During...

 --- shigella boydii

Shigella boydii

Shigella boydii is a Gram-negative bacteria of the genus Shigella. Like other member of the genus, S. boydii is a non-motile, non-sporeforming, rod-shaped bacteria which can cause dysentery in humans through fecal-oral contamination....

 --- shigella dysenteriae

Shigella dysenteriae

Shigella dysenteriae is a species of the rod-shaped bacterial genus Shigella. Shigella can cause shigellosis . Shigellae are Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile bacteria.S...

 --- shigella flexneri

Shigella flexneri

Shigella flexneri is a species of Gram-negative bacteria in the genus Shigella that can cause diarrhea in humans. There are several different serogroups of Shigella; S. flexneri belongs to group B. S. flexneri infections can usually be treated with antibiotics although some strains have become...

 --- shigella sonnei

Shigella sonnei

Shigella sonnei is a species of Shigella. Together with Shigella flexneri, it is responsible for 90% of shigellosis. Shigella sonnei is named for the Danish bacteriologist Carl Olaf Sonne....

 --- wigglesworthia --- xenorhabdus

Xenorhabdus

Xenorhabdus is a genus of bacteria that kills pests, and is released by the nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora.-Lifecycle:Xenorhabdus spp. are motile, Gram-negative enterobacteria that form mutualistic associations with entomopathogenic soil nematodes in the genus Steinernema and are ...

 --- yersinia

Yersinia

Yersinia is a genus of bacteria in the family Enterobacteriaceae. Yersinia are Gram-negative rod shaped bacteria, a few micrometers long and fractions of a micrometer in diameter, and are facultative anaerobes. Some members of Yersinia are pathogenic in humans; in particular, Y. pestis is the...

 --- yersinia enterocolitica

Yersinia enterocolitica

Yersinia enterocolitica is a species of gram-negative coccobacillus-shaped bacterium, belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. Yersinia enterocolitica infection causes the disease yersiniosis, which is a zoonotic disease occurring in humans as well as a wide array of animals such as cattle,...

 --- yersinia pestis

Yersinia pestis

Yersinia pestis is a Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium. It is a facultative anaerobe that can infect humans and other animals....

 --- yersinia pseudotuberculosis

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes Pseudotuberculosis disease in animals; humans occasionally get infected zoonotically, most often through the food-borne route.-Pathogenesis:In animals, Y...

 --- yersinia rucker --- francisella

Francisella

Francisella is a genus of pathogenic, Gram-negative bacteria. They are small coccobacillary or rod-shaped, non-motile organisms, which are also facultative intracellular parasites of macrophages...

 --- francisella tularensis

Francisella tularensis

Francisella tularensis is a pathogenic species of gram-negative bacteria and the causative agent of tularemia or rabbit fever. It is a facultative intracellular bacterium....

 --- halomonadaceae

Halomonadaceae

The Halomonadaceae are a family of halophilic Proteobacteria.-History:The family was originally created in 1988 to contain the genera Halomonas and Deleya....

 --- halomonas

Halomonas

Halomonas is a genus of halophilic Proteobacteria. It grows over the range of 5 to 25% NaClThe type species of this genus is Halomonas elongata,.-Etymology:...

 --- legionellaceae --- legionella

Legionella

Legionella is a pathogenic Gram negative bacterium, including species that cause legionellosis or Legionnaires' disease, most notably L. pneumophila. It may be readily visualized with a silver stain....

 --- legionella longbeachae

Legionella longbeachae

Legionella longbeachae is one species of the family Legionellaceae. It was first isolated from a patient in Long Beach, California. It is found predominantly in soil and potting compost. In humans, the infection is sometimes called Pontiac Fever. Human infection from L...

 --- legionella pneumophila

Legionella pneumophila

Legionella pneumophila is a thin, ærobic, pleomorphic, flagellated, non-spore forming, Gram-negative bacterium of the genus Legionella. L. pneumophila is the primary human pathogenic bacterium in this group and is the causative agent of legionellosis or Legionnaires' disease.-Characterization:L...

 --- methylococcaceae

Methylococcaceae

The Methylococcaceae are a family of bacteria that obtain their carbon and energy from methane, called methanotrophs. They comprise the type I methanotrophs, in contrast to the Methylocystaceae or type II methanotrophs...

 --- methylococcus --- methylococcus capsulatus

Methylococcus capsulatus

Methylococcus capsulatus is an obligately methanotrophic gram-negative, non-motile coccoid bacterium. M. capsulatus cells are encapsulated and tend to have a diplococcoid arrangement. In addition to methane, M. capsulatus is able to oxidize some organic hydrogen containing compounds such as...

 --- methylomonas

Methylomonas

The Methylomonas are a genus of bacteria that obtain their carbon and energy from methane, a metabolic process called methanotrophy....

 --- moraxellaceae

Moraxellaceae

The Moraxellaceae are a family of Gammaproteobacteria, including a few pathogenic species. Other are harmless parasites of mammals and humans or occur in water or soil...

 --- acinetobacter

Acinetobacter

Acinetobacter [asz−in−ée−toe–back−ter] is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the Gammaproteobacteria. Acinetobacter species are non-motile and oxidase-negative, and occur in pairs under magnification....

 --- acinetobacter baumannii

Acinetobacter baumannii

Acinetobacter baumannii is a species of pathogenic bacteria, referred to as an aerobic gram-negative bacterium, that is resistant to most antibiotics. As a result of its resistance to drug treatment, some estimates state the disease is killing tens of thousands of U.S...

 --- acinetobacter calcoaceticus

Acinetobacter calcoaceticus

Acinetobacter calcoaceticus is a species of bacteria part of the Human body normal flora.Phloroglucinol carboxylic acid is a degradation product excreted by A. calcoaceticus grown on -catechin as sole source of carbon.-External links:*...

 --- moraxella

Moraxella

Moraxella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria in the Moraxellaceae family. It is named after the Swiss ophthalmologist Victor Morax. The organisms are short rods, coccobacilli or, as in the case of Moraxella catarrhalis, diplococci in morphology, with asaccharolytic, oxidase-positive and...

 --- moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis --- moraxella (moraxella) bovis --- psychrobacter --- oceanospirillaceae

Oceanospirillaceae

The Oceanospirillaceae are a family of Proteobacteria....

 --- pasteurellaceae

Pasteurellaceae

Pasteurellaceae comprise a large and diverse family of Gram-negative Proteobacteria with members ranging from important pathogens such as Haemophilus influenzae to commensals of the animal and human mucosa. Most members live as commensals on mucosal surfaces of birds and mammals, especially in the...

 --- actinobacillus

Actinobacillus

Actinobacillus is a genus of gram-negative, immotile and nonspore-forming, oval to rod-shaped bacteria occurring as parasites or pathogens in mammals, birds, and reptiles. It is a member of the Pasteurellaceae family. The bacteria are facultatively aerobic or anaerobic, capable of fermenting...

 --- actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans --- actinobacillus equuli --- actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae --- actinobacillus seminis --- actinobacillus suis

Actinobacillus suis

-Introduction:Actinobacillus suis, or A. suis is a beta-haemolytic, Gram-negative bacterium of the Pasteurellaceae family.The bacterium has many strains and is the pathogen responsible for Actinobacillosis in pigs of all ages...

 --- haemophilus

Haemophilus

Not to be confused with Haemophilia.Haemophilus is a genus of Gram-negative, pleomorphic, coccobacilli bacteria belonging to the Pasteurellaceae family. While Haemophilus bacteria are typically small coccobacilli, they are categorized as pleomorphic bacteria because of the wide range of shapes they...

 --- haemophilus ducreyi

Haemophilus ducreyi

Haemophilus ducreyi is a fastidious gram-negative coccobacillus causing the sexually transmitted disease chancroid, a major cause of genital ulceration in developing countries characterized by painful sores on the genitalia. Another early symptom is dark or light green shears in excrement...

 --- haemophilus influenzae

Haemophilus influenzae

Haemophilus influenzae, formerly called Pfeiffer's bacillus or Bacillus influenzae, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium first described in 1892 by Richard Pfeiffer during an influenza pandemic. A member of the Pasteurellaceae family, it is generally aerobic, but can grow as a facultative anaerobe. H...

 --- haemophilus influenzae type b --- haemophilus paragallinarum --- haemophilus parainfluenzae

Haemophilus parainfluenzae

Haemophilus parainfluenzae is a species of Haemophilus.It is one of the HACEK organisms....

 --- haemophilus paraphrophilus

Haemophilus paraphrophilus

Haemophilus paraphrophilus is a species of Haemophilus.It is one of the HACEK organisms....

 --- haemophilus parasuis --- haemophilus somnus --- mannheimia --- mannheimia haemolytica --- pasteurella

Pasteurella

Pasteurella is a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacteria. Pasteurella species are non-motile and pleomorphic. Most species are catalase-positive and oxidase-positive....

 --- pasteurella multocida

Pasteurella multocida

Pasteurella multocida is a Gram-negative, non-motile coccobacillus that is penicillin-sensitive and belongs to the Pasteurellaceae family . It can cause avian cholera in birds and a zoonotic infection in humans, which typically is a result of bites or scratches from domestic pets...

 --- pasteurella pneumotropica --- piscirickettsiaceae

Piscirickettsiaceae

The Piscirickettsiaceae are a family of Proteobacteria. All species are aerobe and found in water.The species Piscirickettsia salmonis is a fish pathogen bacteria and causes Piscirickettsiosis in salmonid fish....

 --- pseudomonadaceae

Pseudomonadaceae

The Pseudomonadaceae is a family of bacteria that includes the genera Azomonas, Azomonotrichon, Azorhizophilus, Azotobacter, Cellvibrio, Mesophilobacter, Pseudomonas , Rhizobacter, Rugamonas, and Serpens...

 --- azotobacteraceae

Azotobacteraceae

The family Azotobacteraceae contains aerobic diazotrophs with two Genera, Azomonas and Azotobacter, distinguished by the ability to form cysts. The family is also characterized by variable cell shape, the classic shape being ovoid while many are pleomorphic...

 --- azotobacter

Azotobacter

Azotobacter is a genus of usually motile, oval or spherical bacteria that form thick-walled cysts and may produce large quantities of capsular slime. They are aerobic, free-living soil microbes which play an important role in the nitrogen cycle in nature, binding atmospheric nitrogen, which is...

 --- azotobacter vinelandii

Azotobacter vinelandii

Azotobacter vinelandii is diazotroph that can fix nitrogen while grown aerobically. It is a genetically tractable system that is used to study nitrogen fixation...

 --- cellvibrio

Cellvibrio

Cellvibrio is a genus of gamma proteobacteria....

 --- pseudomonas

Pseudomonas

Pseudomonas is a genus of gammaproteobacteria, belonging to the family Pseudomonadaceae containing 191 validly described species.Recently, 16S rRNA sequence analysis has redefined the taxonomy of many bacterial species. As a result, the genus Pseudomonas includes strains formerly classified in the...

 --- pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common bacterium that can cause disease in animals, including humans. It is found in soil, water, skin flora, and most man-made environments throughout the world. It thrives not only in normal atmospheres, but also in hypoxic atmospheres, and has, thus, colonized many...

 --- pseudomonas alcaligenes

Pseudomonas alcaligenes

Pseudomonas alcaligenes is a Gram-negative aerobic bacterium used as a soil inoculant for bioremediation purposes, as it can degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. It can be a human pathogen but occurrences are very rare. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, P. alcaligenes has been placed in the P....

 --- pseudomonas fluorescens

Pseudomonas fluorescens

Pseudomonas fluorescens is a common Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium. It belongs to the Pseudomonas genus; 16S rRNA analysis has placed P. fluorescens in the P. fluorescens group within the genus, to which it lends its name....

 --- pseudomonas fragi

Pseudomonas fragi

Pseudomonas fragi is a psychrophilic, Gram-negative bacterium that is responsible for dairy spoilage. Unlike many other members of the Pseudomonas genus, P. fragi does not produce siderophores. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, P. fragi has been placed in the P. chlororaphis group....

 --- pseudomonas mendocina

Pseudomonas mendocina

Pseudomonas mendocina is a Gram-negative environmental bacterium that can cause opportunistic nosocomial infections, such as infective endocarditis and spondylodiscitis, although cases are very rare. It has potential use in bioremediation as it is able to degrade toluene. Based on 16S rRNA...

 --- pseudomonas oleovorans

Pseudomonas oleovorans

Pseudomonas oleovorans is a Gram-negative, methylotrophic bacterium that is a source of rubredoxin . It was first isolated in water-oil emulsions used as lubricants and cooling agents for cutting metals. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, P. oleovorans has been placed in the P. aeruginosa group....

 --- pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes

Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes

Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes is an aerobic, Gram negative soil bacterium that was first isolated from swimming pool water. It is able to use cyanide as a nitrogen source, and as a result it may be used for bioremediation. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, P. pseudoalcaligenes has been placed in the P....

 --- pseudomonas putida

Pseudomonas putida

Pseudomonas putida is a gram-negative rod-shaped saprotrophic soil bacterium. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, P. putida has been placed in the P. putida group, to which it lends its name....

 --- pseudomonas stutzeri

Pseudomonas stutzeri

Pseudomonas stutzeri is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile, single polar-flagellated, soil bacterium first isolated from human spinal fluid.. It is a denitrifying bacterium, and strain KC of P. stutzeri may be used for bioremediation as it is able to degrade carbon tetrachloride. It is also an...

 --- pseudomonas syringae

Pseudomonas syringae

Pseudomonas syringae is a rod shaped, Gram-negative bacterium with polar flagella. It is a plant pathogen which can infect a wide range of plant species, and exists as over 50 different pathovars, all of which are available to legitimate researches via international culture collections such as the...

 --- succinivibrionaceae

Succinivibrionaceae

The Succinivibrionaceae are Gram-negative soil bacteria....

 --- anaerobiospirillum

Anaerobiospirillum

Anaerobiospirillum is a gram-negative anaerobic bacteria recognized as human flora in human gastrointestinal tract, mainly in the human feces....

 --- thiotrichaceae

Thiotrichaceae

The Thiotrichaceae are a family of Proteobacteria, including Thiomargarita namibiensis, the largest known bacterium....

 --- vibrionaceae

Vibrionaceae

The Vibrionaceae are a family of Proteobacteria, given their own order. Inhabitants of fresh or salt water, several species are pathogenic, including the type species Vibrio cholerae, which is the agent responsible for cholera...

 --- photobacterium

Photobacterium

Photobacterium is a genus of gram-negative bacteria in the family Vibrionaceae. Members of the genus are bioluminescent, that is they have the ability to emit light....

 --- vibrio

Vibrio

Vibrio is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria possessing a curved rod shape, several species of which can cause foodborne infection, usually associated with eating undercooked seafood. Typically found in saltwater, Vibrio are facultative anaerobes that test positive for oxidase and do not form...

 --- vibrio alginolyticus

Vibrio alginolyticus

Vibrio alginolyticus is a Gram-negative marine bacterium. It is medically important since it causes otitis and wound infection. It is also present in the bodies of animals such as Puffer fish, where it is responsible for the production of the potent neurotoxin, tetrodotoxin....

 --- vibrio cholerae

Vibrio cholerae

Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative, comma-shaped bacterium. Some strains of V. cholerae cause the disease cholera. V. cholerae is facultatively anaerobic and has a flagella at one cell pole. V...

 --- vibrio cholerae non-o1 --- vibrio cholerae o1 --- vibrio cholerae o139 --- vibrio fischeri

Vibrio fischeri

Vibrio fischeri is a gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium found globally in marine environments. V. fischeri has bioluminescent properties, and is found predominantly in symbiosis with various marine animals, such as the bobtail squid. It is heterotrophic and moves by means of flagella. Free living...

 --- vibrio mimicus --- vibrio parahaemolyticus

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a curved, rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium found in brackish saltwater, which, when ingested, causes gastrointestinal illness in humans. V. parahaemolyticus is oxidase positive, facultatively aerobic, and does not form spores...

 --- vibrio salmonicida --- vibrio vulnificus

Vibrio vulnificus

Vibrio vulnificus is a species of Gram-negative, motile, curved, rod-shaped bacteria of the Vibrio Genus. It was first reported by Hollis et al. in 1976. It was subsequently given the name Beneckea vulnifica by Reichelt et al. in 1976 , and finally Vibrio vulnificus by Farmer in 1979...

 --- xanthomonadaceae

Xanthomonadaceae

The Xanthomonadaceae are a family of Proteobacteria, given their own order....

 --- stenotrophomonas

Stenotrophomonas

Stenotrophomonas is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria. With species ranging from common soil organisms to opportunistic human pathogens , the molecular taxonomy of the genus is still somewhat unclear....

 --- stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an aerobic, nonfermentative, Gram-negative bacterium. It is an uncommon bacterium and human infection is difficult to treat. Initially classified as Pseudomonas maltophilia, S. maltophilia was also grouped in the genus Xanthomonas before eventually becoming the type...

 --- xanthomonas

Xanthomonas

Xanthomonas is a genus of Proteobacteria, many of which cause plant diseases. Most varieties of Xanthomonas are available from the National Collection of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria in the United Kingdom and other international culture collections such as ICMP in New Zealand, CFBP in France, and...

 --- xanthomonas campestris

Xanthomonas campestris

Xanthomonas campestris is a bacterial species that causes a variety of plant diseases. Available from the NCPPB,and other international Culture collections such as ICMP, ATCC, and LMG in a purified form, it is used in the commercial production of a high-molecular-weight polysaccharide - xanthan...

 --- xanthomonas vesicatoria --- xylella

--- leptospiraceae

Leptospiraceae

Leptospiraceae is a family of spirochetes.It includes the genus Leptospira....

--- leptospira

Leptospira

Leptospira is a genus of spirochaete bacteria, including a small number of pathogenic and saprophytic species...

 --- leptospira interrogans

Leptospira interrogans

Leptospira interrogans is a species of Leptospira, which is a gram negative obligate aerobe spirochete, with periplasmic flagellum. The two important pathogenic serovars from this species are Canicola and Icterohaemorrhagiae. These reside in alkaline water, alkaline soil and can survive in these...

 --- leptospira interrogans serovar australis --- leptospira interrogans serovar autumnalis --- leptospira interrogans serovar canicola --- leptospira interrogans serovar hebdomadis --- leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae --- leptospira interrogans serovar pomona

--- spirochaetaceae

Spirochaetaceae

Spirochaetaceae is a family of spirochetes most notable for the genus that causes Lyme disease and relapsing fever....

--- borrelia

Borrelia

Borrelia is a genus of bacteria of the spirochete phylum. It causes borreliosis, a zoonotic, vector-borne disease transmitted primarily by ticks and some by lice, depending on the species...

 --- borrelia burgdorferi group --- borrelia burgdorferi

Borrelia burgdorferi

Borrelia burgdorferi is a species of Gram negative bacteria of the spirochete class of the genus Borrelia. B. burgdorferi is predominant in North America, but also exists in Europe, and is the agent of Lyme disease....

 --- serpulina --- serpulina hyodysenteriae --- spirochaeta --- treponema

Treponema

Treponema is a bacterial genus. The major species is Treponema pallidum, whose subspecies are responsible for diseases such as syphilis and yaws.The species Treponema hyodysenteriae and Treponema innocens have been reclassified into Serpula....

 --- treponema denticola

Treponema denticola

Treponema denticola is a motile and highly proteolytic bacterium. The Gram-negative oral spirochete is associated with the incidence and severity of human periodontal disease. Treponema denticola levels in the mouth are elevated in patients with periodontal diseases and the species is considered...

 --- treponema pallidum

Treponema pallidum

Treponema pallidum is a species of spirochaete bacterium with subspecies that cause treponemal diseases such as syphilis, bejel, pinta and yaws. The treponemes have a cytoplasmic and outer membrane...

--- desulfovibrio

Desulfovibrio

Desulfovibrio is a genus of Gram negative sulfate-reducing bacteria. Some species of Desulfovibrio are capable of transduction. Desulfovibrio species are commonly found in aquatic environments with high levels of organic material, as well as in water-logged soils, and form major community members...

--- desulfovibrio africanus --- desulfovibrio desulfuricans --- desulfovibrio gigas --- desulfovibrio vulgaris

Desulfovibrio vulgaris

Desulfovibrio vulgaris is a species of Gram-negative sulfate-reducing bacteria in the Desulfovibrionaceae family....