List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia
Encyclopedia
This is a list of ancient cities, towns, villages, and fortresses in and around Thrace and Dacia. A number of these settlements were Dacian
and Thracian, but some were Celt
ic, Greek
, Roman
, Paeonian, or Persian.
A number of cities in Dacia
and Thrace
were built on or close to the sites of preexisting Dacian or Thracian settlements. Some settlements in this list may have a double entry, such as the Paeonian Astibo and Latin
Astibus. It is believed that Thracians did not build true cities even if they were named as such; the largest Thracian settlements were large villages. The only known attempt to build a polis
by the Thracians was Seuthopolis
. Some of the Dacian settlements and fortresses employed the traditional Murus Dacicus
construction technique.
Note: Throughout these lists, an asterisk [*] indicates that the toponym is reconstructed.
Many city names of the Dacians
were composed of an initial lexical element affixed to -dava, -daua, -deva, -deba, -daba, or -dova, which meant "city" or "town" in the Dacian language
.
, as are numerous other lexical
elements in this list. Strabo
translated -bria as polis, but that may not be accurate. Thracian -disza, -diza, and -dizos are derived from Proto-Indo-European
*dheigh-, "to knead clay", hence to "make bricks", "build walls", "wall", "walls", and so on. These Thracian lexical items show a satemization of PIE
*gh-. Cognates include Ancient Greek
teichos ("wall, fort, fortified town", as in the town of Didymoteicho
) and Avestan daēza ("wall").
, towns and cities were built after the conquest of Thrace
, Moesia
, and Dacia
. Many were constructed on top of existing Dacian and Thracian structures, often inheriting their native names, usually in a Latinized form.
Some were built near the ruins of destroyed native settlements or fortresses, and in such cases mostly Roman structures survived. All of these towns were connected on Roman
road networks built throughout the region, as described in ancient sources like Ptolemy's Geographia (c. 150 AD) and Tabula Peutingeriana
(2nd century AD). Many fortified settlements were also part of limes
.
Dacians
The Dacians were an Indo-European people, very close or part of the Thracians. Dacians were the ancient inhabitants of Dacia...
and Thracian, but some were Celt
Celt
The Celts were a diverse group of tribal societies in Iron Age and Roman-era Europe who spoke Celtic languages.The earliest archaeological culture commonly accepted as Celtic, or rather Proto-Celtic, was the central European Hallstatt culture , named for the rich grave finds in Hallstatt, Austria....
ic, Greek
Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece is a civilization belonging to a period of Greek history that lasted from the Archaic period of the 8th to 6th centuries BC to the end of antiquity. Immediately following this period was the beginning of the Early Middle Ages and the Byzantine era. Included in Ancient Greece is the...
, Roman
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
, Paeonian, or Persian.
A number of cities in Dacia
Dacia
In ancient geography, especially in Roman sources, Dacia was the land inhabited by the Dacians or Getae as they were known by the Greeks—the branch of the Thracians north of the Haemus range...
and Thrace
Thrace
Thrace is a historical and geographic area in southeast Europe. As a geographical concept, Thrace designates a region bounded by the Balkan Mountains on the north, Rhodope Mountains and the Aegean Sea on the south, and by the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara on the east...
were built on or close to the sites of preexisting Dacian or Thracian settlements. Some settlements in this list may have a double entry, such as the Paeonian Astibo and Latin
Latin
Latin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and...
Astibus. It is believed that Thracians did not build true cities even if they were named as such; the largest Thracian settlements were large villages. The only known attempt to build a polis
Polis
Polis , plural poleis , literally means city in Greek. It could also mean citizenship and body of citizens. In modern historiography "polis" is normally used to indicate the ancient Greek city-states, like Classical Athens and its contemporaries, so polis is often translated as "city-state."The...
by the Thracians was Seuthopolis
Seuthopolis
Seuthopolis was an ancient hellenistic-type city founded by the Thracian king Seuthes III, and the capital of the Odrysian kingdom. The city was founded sometime from 325 BC to 315 BC...
. Some of the Dacian settlements and fortresses employed the traditional Murus Dacicus
Murus dacicus
Murus Dacicus is a construction method for defensive walls and fortifications developed in ancient Dacia sometime before the Roman conquest...
construction technique.
Note: Throughout these lists, an asterisk [*] indicates that the toponym is reconstructed.
Dacian
Dacians
The Dacians were an Indo-European people, very close or part of the Thracians. Dacians were the ancient inhabitants of Dacia...
were composed of an initial lexical element affixed to -dava, -daua, -deva, -deba, -daba, or -dova, which meant "city" or "town" in the Dacian language
Dacian language
The extinct Dacian language may have developed from proto-Indo-European in the Carpathian region around 2,500 BC and probably died out by AD 600. In the 1st century AD, it was the predominant language of the ancient regions of Dacia and Moesia and, possibly, of some surrounding regions.It belonged...
.
- AcidavaAcidavaAcidava was a Dacian and later Roman fortress on the Olt river near the lower Danube. The settlements remains are located in today's Enoşeşti, Olt County, Romania....
(Acidaua), a fortress town close to the DanubeDanubeThe Danube is a river in the Central Europe and the Europe's second longest river after the Volga. It is classified as an international waterway....
, located in today's Enoşeşti, Olt CountyOlt CountyOlt is a county of Romania, in the historical regions of Oltenia and Muntenia . The capital city is Slatina.- Demographics :In 2002, it had a population of 489,274 and the population density was 89/km²....
, RomaniaRomaniaRomania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea... - AedavaAedavaAedava was a Dacian settlement located south of the Danube in Moesia . In his De Aedificiis, the 6th century AD historian Procopius placed Aedava on the Danubian road between Augustae and Variana. He also mentioned that Emperor Justinian Aedava (also known as Aedeva, Aedabe, Aedeba, Aedadeba) was...
(Aedeva, Aedabe, Aedeba or Aedadeba), placed by ProcopiusProcopiusProcopius of Caesarea was a prominent Byzantine scholar from Palestine. Accompanying the general Belisarius in the wars of the Emperor Justinian I, he became the principal historian of the 6th century, writing the Wars of Justinian, the Buildings of Justinian and the celebrated Secret History...
on the Danubian road between Augustae and Variana, in MoesiaMoesiaMoesia was an ancient region and later Roman province situated in the Balkans, along the south bank of the Danube River. It included territories of modern-day Southern Serbia , Northern Republic of Macedonia, Northern Bulgaria, Romanian Dobrudja, Southern Moldova, and Budjak .-History:In ancient...
(the present Northern BulgariaBulgariaBulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east...
) - AiadavaAiadavaAiadava was a Dacian town in the Remesiana region, present day Bela Palanka, Serbia.After the Romans conquered Moesia in the 75 BC, the new castrum and municipium was known initially as Ulpianorum and then Remesiana and laid on the Via Militaris road, between Naissus and Serdica.Emperor...
(Aiadaba or Aeadaba), a locality in the RemesianaRemesianaRemesiana was an ancient Roman city built after the Roman conquest of Moesia, in the area of the Dacian town Aiadava. It is located all around and under modern day city of Bela Palanka, Serbia....
region in present-day Bela PalankaBela PalankaBela Palanka is a town and municipality located in the Pirot District of south-east Serbia. According to 2011 census, the population of the town is 8,112, while population of the municipality is 12,051. In ancient times, the town was known as Remesiana...
, SerbiaSerbiaSerbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans... - AizisAizisAizis was a Dacian town mentioned by Emperor Trajan in his work Dacica...
(Aixis, Aixim, Airzis, Azizis, Azisis, Aizisis, Alzisis, Aigis, Aigizidava*, Zizis), mentioned by Emperor TrajanTrajanTrajan , was Roman Emperor from 98 to 117 AD. Born into a non-patrician family in the province of Hispania Baetica, in Spain Trajan rose to prominence during the reign of emperor Domitian. Serving as a legatus legionis in Hispania Tarraconensis, in Spain, in 89 Trajan supported the emperor against...
in DacicaDacicaDacica is a Latin work by Roman Emperor Trajan, written in the spirit of Julius Caesar's commentaries like De Bello Gallico, and describing Trajan's campaigns in Dacia.... - AmutriaAmutriaAmutria was a Dacian town close to the Danube and included in the Roman road network, after the conquest of Dacia....
(Amutrion, Amutrium), a Dacian town close to the DanubeDanubeThe Danube is a river in the Central Europe and the Europe's second longest river after the Volga. It is classified as an international waterway....
, possibly today's MotruMotruMotru is a city in Romania, Gorj County.Motru is situated on the river of the same in western Oltenia. The county capital Târgu Jiu is located about 35 km northeast...
, Gorj CountyGorj CountyGorj is a county of Romania, in Oltenia, with its capital city at Târgu Jiu.- Demographics :In 2002, it had a population of 387,308 and its population density was 69/km².* Romanians – over 98%* Rromas, others.- Geography :...
, RomaniaRomaniaRomania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
- ApulonApulonApulon was a Dacian fortress city close to modern Alba-Iulia, Romania from where the Latin name of Apulum is derived. The exact location is believed by many archaeologists to be the Dacian fortifications on top of Piatra Craivii, 20 km North of Alba-Iulia. Apulon was an important Dacian political,...
(Apoulon, Apula), a fortress city close to modern Alba-Iulia, RomaniaRomaniaRomania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
from which the LatinLatinLatin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and...
name of ApulumApulumApulum may refer to:*The Latin name of Alba Iulia.*Apulum , the Roman fort of Alba Iulia.*Apulum , a Romanian porcelain manufacturing company....
is derived - Arcina (Arcinna), a fortress town in WallachiaWallachiaWallachia or Walachia is a historical and geographical region of Romania. It is situated north of the Danube and south of the Southern Carpathians...
- ArcobadaraArcobadaraArcobadara was a Dacian town mentioned by Ptolemy.- See also :* Dacian davae* List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia* Dacia* Roman Dacia- External links :...
(Acrobadara) - ArgedavaArgedavaArgedava was an important Dacian town mentioned in the Decree of Dionysopolis , and potentially located at Popeşti, a district in the town of Mihăileşti, Giurgiu County, Romania.- Decree of Dionysopolis :This decree was written by the citizens of Dionysopolis to Akornion, who traveled far away in a...
(Argedauon, Sargedava, Sargedauon, Zargedava, Zargedauon), mentioned in the Decree of DionysopolisDecree of DionysopolisThe Decree of Dionysopolis was written around 48 BC by the citizens of Dionysopolis to Akornion, who traveled far away in a diplomatic mission to meet somebody's farther in Argedauon...
, potentially the davaDava (Dacian)Dava is a Geto-Dacian name for a city, town or fortress. Generally, the name indicated a tribal center or an important settlement, usually fortified...
discovered at Popeşti, a district in the town of MihăileştiMihailestiMihăileşti is a town located in Giurgiu County, Romania. It administers three villages: Drăgănescu, Novaci and Popeşti.Popeşti village is the location of an important archeological discovery: a large Dacian settlement believed by some historians such as Vasile Pârvan and professor Radu Vulpe to be...
, Giurgiu CountyGiurgiu CountyGiurgiu is a county of Romania, in Muntenia, with the capital city at Giurgiu.- Demographics :In 2002, it had a population of 297,859 and the population density was 84/km².* Romanians – over 96%* Roma – 3.5%, and others.- Geography :...
, RomaniaRomaniaRomania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
and maybe BurebistaBurebistaBurebista was a king of the Getae and Dacians, who unified for the first time their tribes and ruled them between 82 BC and 44 BC. He led plunder and conquest raids across Central and Southeastern Europe, subjugating most of the neighbouring tribes...
's court or capital - ArgidavaArgidavaArgidava is a genus of moth in the family Geometridae.-References:*...
(Argidaua, Arcidava, Arcidaua, Argedava, Argedauon, Sargedava, Sargedauon, Zargedava, Zargedauon), potentially BurebistaBurebistaBurebista was a king of the Getae and Dacians, who unified for the first time their tribes and ruled them between 82 BC and 44 BC. He led plunder and conquest raids across Central and Southeastern Europe, subjugating most of the neighbouring tribes...
's court or capital, located in today's VărădiaVaradiaVărădia is a commune in Caraş-Severin County, in the west of Romania. It is composed of two villages, Mercina and Vărădia.It is located near the border with Serbia, on the Caraş River....
, Caraş-Severin CountyCaras-Severin CountyCaraș-Severin is a county of Romania, in the historical region of Banat and few villages in Transylvania, with the county seat at Reșița.-Demographics:The county is part of the Danube-Kris-Mureș-Tisza euroregion....
, RomaniaRomaniaRomania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea... - ArutelaArutelaArutela was a Dacian town and later a Roman castra in Dacia Malvensis.- See also :* Dacian davae* List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia* Dacia* Roman Dacia- External links :**...
- Berzobis, ancient BârzavaBârzavaBârzava can refer to:* Bârzava River , a tributary of the Timiş River* Bârzava River , a tributary of the Mureş River* Bârzava, Arad, a commune in Arad County, Romania* Bârzava, a village in Frumoasa commune, Harghita County, Romania...
, Romania - Bregedaba
- BuricodavaBuricodava- See also :* Dacian davae* List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia* Dacia* Roman Dacia- External links :**...
- BuridavaBuridavaBuridava was a Dacian town. situated in Dacia, later Dacia Apulensis, now Romania, on the banks of the river Aluta now Olt- Tabula Peutingeriana :- Etimology :The name is Geto-Thracian- Dacian town :...
(Burridava), today's Ocnele MariOcnele MariOcnele Mari is a town located in Vâlcea County, Romania. The town administers eight villages: Buda, Cosota, Făcăi, Gura Suhaşului, Lunca, Ocniţa, Slătioarele and Ţeica.-References:...
, Romania - ButeridavaButeridava- See also :* Dacian davae* List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia* Dacia* Roman Dacia- External links :**...
- CapidavaCapidavaCapidava is a South American spider genus of the Salticidae family .-Species:* Capidava annulipes Caporiacco, 1947 — Guyana* Capidava auriculata Simon, 1902 — Brazil* Capidava biuncata Simon, 1902 — Brazil...
(Kapidaua), a fortress town on the southern side of the lower DanubeDanubeThe Danube is a river in the Central Europe and the Europe's second longest river after the Volga. It is classified as an international waterway.... - CarsidavaCarsidava- See also :* Dacian davae* List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia* Dacia* Roman Dacia- External links :**...
or Karsidaua - CumidavaCumidavaCumidava was originally a Dacian settlement, and later a Roman military camp on the site of the modern city of Râşnov in Romania.-Etymology:...
(Comidava, Komidaua), ancient RâşnovRâsnovRâşnov is a town in Braşov County, Romania with a population of under 16,000.It is located at about 15 km from the city of Braşov and about the same distance from Bran, on the road that links Wallachia and Transylvania....
, Romania - Danedebai, a settlement
- DausdavaDausdavaDausdava was a Dacian town in Moesia between the Danube and the Balkan Mountains, in the region between Nicopolis and Abritus .- See also :* Dacian davae* List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia* Dacia...
(Dausadava, Dausdavua), "The shrine of wolves", a fortress town close to the DanubeDanubeThe Danube is a river in the Central Europe and the Europe's second longest river after the Volga. It is classified as an international waterway.... - DesudabaDesudabaDesudaba was a Thracian town. Tribal district Maedica - See also :* Dacian davae* List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia* Dacia* Roman Dacia- External links :**...
- Diacum
- DiernaDiernaDierna is a genus of moths of the Noctuidae family....
- DinogetiaDinogetiaDinogetia was an ancient Getae-Dacian settlement and later Roman fortress located on the left bank of the Danube near the place where it joins the Siret. The Dinogetia site is situated in Dobrudja at 8 kilometres east of Galați, Romania....
, located above the DanubeDanubeThe Danube is a river in the Central Europe and the Europe's second longest river after the Volga. It is classified as an international waterway....
delta - DocidavaDocidavaDocidava was a Dacian town in north-western Roman Dacia.- See also :* Dacian davae* List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia* Dacia* Roman Dacia- External links :**...
or Dokidaua - Drobeta, located on the left bank of the DanubeDanubeThe Danube is a river in the Central Europe and the Europe's second longest river after the Volga. It is classified as an international waterway....
at Turnu Severin - Egeta
- Gatae
- Genucla, settlement located south of the Danube
- Gildova (Gildoba), located along the VistulaVistulaThe Vistula is the longest and the most important river in Poland, at 1,047 km in length. The watershed area of the Vistula is , of which lies within Poland ....
river - GiridavaGiridavaGiridava was a Dacian town, situated in Moesia, modern northern Bulgaria.- See also :* Dacian davae* List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia* Dacia* Roman Dacia- External links :**...
- Itadeba (ItadavaItadavaItadava was a Dacian town, in the territory of the fortress with unknown name near Burgaraca.- See also :* Dacian davae* List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia* Dacia* Roman Dacia- External links :**...
), in northeastern MacedoniaRepublic of MacedoniaMacedonia , officially the Republic of Macedonia , is a country located in the central Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. It is one of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, from which it declared independence in 1991... - Jidava, near Câmpulung MuscelCâmpulungCâmpulung , or Câmpulung Muscel, is a city in the Argeş County, Wallachia, Romania. It is situated among the outlying hills of the Transylvanian Alps, at the head of a long well-wooded glen traversed by the Râul Târgului, a tributary of the Argeş.Its pure air and fine scenery render Câmpulung a...
, Romania - Jidova
- Klepidaua
- Kuimedaba
- Malva, a Dacian settlement where Roman RomulaRomulaRomula or Malva was an ancient city in Roman Dacia, nowadays being the village of Reşca, Dobrosloveni Commune, Olt County, Romania It was the capital of Dacia Malvensis, one of the three subdivisions of the province of Dacia....
was built - MarcodavaMarcodavaMarcodava is a genus of moth in the family Geometridae.-References:*...
(Markodaua) - Murideba
- Napoca, ancient Cluj-NapocaCluj-NapocaCluj-Napoca , commonly known as Cluj, is the fourth most populous city in Romania and the seat of Cluj County in the northwestern part of the country. Geographically, it is roughly equidistant from Bucharest , Budapest and Belgrade...
, Romania - Nentinava (Netindaua), ancient SloboziaSloboziaSlobozia is the capital city of Ialomiţa County, Romania, with a population of 52,710 in 2002.-Geography:Slobozia lies roughly in the middle of the county, on the banks of Ialomita River, at ca. east of Bucharest and west of Constanţa, important port at the Black Sea...
, Romania - Nentivava, ancient OlteniţaOltenitaOlteniţa is a city in Romania in the Călăraşi County on the left bank of the Argeş River where its waters reach the Danube through a network of streams and marshes.Oltenita stands just across the Danube from the Bulgarian city of Tutrakan.-History:...
, Romania - PatridavaPatridavaPatridava is a genus of moth in the family Geometridae.-References:*...
(Patridaua) - Patruissa
- PelendavaPelendavaPelendava was a Dacian town, today's Craiova, Romania.- See also :* Dacian davae* List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia* Dacia* Roman Dacia- External links :...
(Pelendova), ancient CraiovaCraiovaCraiova , Romania's 6th largest city and capital of Dolj County, is situated near the east bank of the river Jiu in central Oltenia. It is a longstanding political center, and is located at approximately equal distances from the Southern Carpathians and the River Danube . Craiova is the chief...
, Romania - PerburidavaPerburidava- See also :* Dacian davae* List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia* Dacia* Roman Dacia- External links :**...
- PetrodavaPetrodavaPetrodava is a genus of moth in the family Geometridae.-References:*...
(Petrodaua), located in Piatra NeamţPiatra NeamtPiatra Neamț , , ; is the capital city of Neamţ County, in the historical region of Moldavia, eastern Romania. Because of its privileged location in the Eastern Carpathian mountains, it is considered one of the most picturesque cities in Romania... - PiroboridavaPiroboridavaPiroboridava was a Dacian town mentioned by Ptolemy, and archaeologically identified at Poiana, Galați, Romania.- See also :* Dacian davae* List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia* Dacia* Roman Dacia- External links :**...
(Piroboridaua) - Polonda
- Potaissa (Patavissa), ancient TurdaTurdaTurda is a city and Municipality in Cluj County, Romania, situated on the Arieş River.- Ancient times :The city was founded by Dacians under the name Patavissa or Potaissa...
, Romania - Pulpudeva, today's city of PlovdivPlovdivPlovdiv is the second-largest city in Bulgaria after Sofia with a population of 338,153 inhabitants according to Census 2011. Plovdiv's history spans some 6,000 years, with traces of a Neolithic settlement dating to roughly 4000 BC; it is one of the oldest cities in Europe...
in Bulgaria, originally named Eumolpias by the Dacians. Philip II of MacedonPhilip II of MacedonPhilip II of Macedon "friend" + ἵππος "horse" — transliterated ; 382 – 336 BC), was a king of Macedon from 359 BC until his assassination in 336 BC. He was the father of Alexander the Great and Philip III.-Biography:...
conquered the area in 342-341 BC and renamed the city Philippoupolis , of which the later Dacian name for the city, Pulpu-deva, is a reconstructed translation. - QuemedavaQuemedava- See also :* Dacian davae* List of ancient cities in Illyria* List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia* Dacia* Roman Dacia- Further reading :Quemedava was an ancient Dacian city in Dardania mentioned by Procopius.- See also :* Dacian davae...
, mentioned by Procopius in Dardania - RamidavaRamidava- See also :* Dacian davae* List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia* Dacia* Roman Dacia- External links :**...
(Rhamidaua) - RatiariaRatiariaRatiaria was a city founded by Moesi, a Daco-Thracian tribe, in 4th century BC, along the river Danube. The city had a gold mine in the vicinity, which was exploited by the Thracians.It is located 2 km west of present village Archar in Vidin Province, northwestern Bulgaria...
- RecidavaRecidava- See also :* Dacian davae* List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia* Dacia* Roman Dacia- External links :**...
- Romboses
- RusidavaRusidavaRusidava was a Dacian town mentioned in Tabula Peutingeriana between Acidava and Pons Aluti, today's Drăgășani, Vâlcea County, Romania.- See also :* Dacian davae* List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia* Dacia* Roman Dacia- External links :**...
(RusidavaRusidavaRusidava was a Dacian town mentioned in Tabula Peutingeriana between Acidava and Pons Aluti, today's Drăgășani, Vâlcea County, Romania.- See also :* Dacian davae* List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia* Dacia* Roman Dacia- External links :**...
) - SacidavaSacidavaSacidava was a Dacian town between Cedonia and Apulon.- See also :* Dacian davae* List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia* Dacia* Roman Dacia- External links :**...
(Sacidaba) - Sagadava
- SandavaSandavaSandava is a genus of moths of the Noctuidae family.-Species:* Sandava scitisignata Walker, 1862* Sandava xylistis Swinhoe, 1900-References:**...
- Sangidaua
- SarmizegetusaSarmizegetusaSarmizegetusa Regia was the capital and the most important military, religious and political center of Dacians...
(Sarmisegetuza), DecebalusDecebalusDecebalus or "The Brave" was a king of Dacia and is famous for fighting three wars and negotiating two interregnums of peace without being eliminated against the Roman Empire under two emperors...
's capital and holy place - Sarmizegetusa Regia, the most important Dacian military, religious and political centre
- ScaidavaScaidavaScaidava was a Dacian town between Iatrus and Trimammium .- See also :* Dacian davae* List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia* Dacia* Roman Dacia- External links :**...
(Skedeba) - SetidavaSetidavaSetidava, mentioned by Ptolemy in his Geography, was an outpost of Dacian nationality in northern regions. This town, with the typical Dacian name on -dava, was placed in Ptolemy's Germania, beyond Kalisia, e.g. north of the present Kalisz in Poland...
(Setidaua), mentioned by Ptolemy as a thriving settlement - SingidavaSingidavaSingidava is a genus of moth in the family Geometridae.-References:*...
(Singidaua) - SucidavaSucidavaSucidava is a Dacian and Daco-Roman historical site, situated in Corabia, Romania on the north bank of the Danube...
(Suvidava, Sukidaua), located in CorabiaCorabiaCorabia is a small Danube port located in Olt County, Romania, which used to be part of the now-dissolved Romanaţi County before World War II...
, Olt County, Romania - Susudava, mentioned by Ptolemy as a thriving settlement
- Sykidaba
- TamasidavaTamasidavaTamasidava was a Dacian town mentioned by Ptolemy.- See also :* Dacian davae* List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia* Dacia* Roman Dacia- External links :**...
(Tamasidaua) - TapaeTapaeTapae was a Dacian outpost, guarding Sarmisegetuza, their main political centre. Its location was on the Iron Gates of Translylvania, a natural passage breaking between Ţarcului and Poiana Ruscă Mountains and connecting Banat to Ţara Haţegului. This made it one of the very few point through which...
, a Dacian outpost guarding Sarmisegetuza and the site of two major battlesBattle of TapaeBattle of Tapae may refer to:#First Battle of Tapae, between Domitian and Dacia in 87#Second Battle of Tapae, between Trajan and Decebal in 101...
between Dacians and Romans - Thermidaua (Germidava), a town in Dalmatia probably founded by immigrants from Dacia, mentioned by Ptolemy, near Scodra
- TiristaTiristaTirista is a genus of moths in the Sesiidae family.-Species:*Tirista argentifrons Walker, [1865]*Tirista praxila Druce, 1896...
(Tsirista) - Tsierna (DiernaDiernaDierna is a genus of moths of the Noctuidae family....
) - UtidavaUtidavaUtidava is a genus of moths in the family Lymantriidae.-References:*...
(Utidaua) - ZaldapaZaldapaZaldapa was a Late Roman fortified town in Scythia Minor/Moesia, located near Abrit, Bulgaria.- External links :*...
- ZargidavaZargidavaZargidava was a Dacian town mentioned by Ptolemy.- See also :* Dacian davae* List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia* Dacia* Roman Dacia- External links :**...
(Zargidaua) - ZeugmaZeugmaZeugma is a figure of speech in which two or more parts of a sentence are joined with a single common verb or noun. A zeugma employs both ellipsis, the omission of words which are easily understood, and parallelism, the balance of several words or phrases...
- ZimniceaZimniceaZimnicea is a town in Teleorman county, Romania , a port on the Danube opposite the Bulgarian city of Svishtov.-Geography:...
, site where Alexander the Great fought the Dacians - ZiridavaZiridavaZiridava is a genus of moth in the family Geometridae.Species include:*Ziridava asterota Prout 1958*Ziridava baliensis Prout 1958*Ziridava brevicellula Prout 1916*Ziridava cedreleti Prout 1958*Ziridava dysorga Prout 1928...
(Ziridaua), identified archaeologically with Pecica, Arad, Romania - Zisnedeva (Zisnudeva, Zisnudeba), located in Dacian MoesiaMoesiaMoesia was an ancient region and later Roman province situated in the Balkans, along the south bank of the Danube River. It included territories of modern-day Southern Serbia , Northern Republic of Macedonia, Northern Bulgaria, Romanian Dobrudja, Southern Moldova, and Budjak .-History:In ancient...
- Zucidaua
- ZurobaraZurobaraZurobara was a Dacian town located in today's Banat region in Romania. It was near the Tisza river, in the area of the Dacian tribe of Biephi.This town was attested by Ptolemy in his Geographia , yet its exact location remains unknown...
- Zisnudeba
- ZusidavaZusidavaZusidava is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Drepaninae....
Dacian town/fortresses with unknown name
- Ardan
- Ardeu
- Arpașu de Sus
- Breaza
- Bretea Mureșană
- Băile Tușnad
- Bănița
- Cernat
- Cetățeni
- Cotnari
- Covasna
- Crăsanii de JosDacian Fortresses of Crăsanii de Jos-External links:*...
- Crizbav
- Cuciulata
- Cugir
- Cârlomănești
- Căpâlna
- Drajna de Sus
- JigodinDacian fortress of Jigodin-External links:*...
- Mala Kopania
- Marca
- Merești
- Moșna
- Odorheiu Secuiesc
- Olteni
- Orăștie MountainsDacian Fortresses of the Orastie MountainsBuilt in murus dacicus style, the six Dacian Fortresses of the Orăștie Mountains, in Romania, were created in the 1st centuries BC and AD as protection against Roman conquest....
- Polovragi
- Popești
- Porumbenii Mari
- Praid
- Racu
- Satu Mare (Harghita)
- SprâncenataDacian fortress of Sprâncenata-External links:...
- Stâncești
- Sânzieni
- Șeica Mică
- TășadDacian fortress of Tășad-External links:*...
- Teliu
- Tilișca
- Timișu de Jos
- Turia
- Valea Seacă
- Zemplín
Thracian
The endings -bria ("town, city"), -disza, -diza, -dizos ("fortress, walled settlement"), -para, -paron, -pera, -phara ("town, village") are from the Thracian languageThracian language
The Thracian language was the Indo-European language spoken in ancient times in Southeastern Europe by the Thracians, the northern neighbors of the Ancient Greeks. The Thracian language exhibits satemization: it either belonged to the Satem group of Indo-European languages or it was strongly...
, as are numerous other lexical
Lexical (semiotics)
In the lexicon of a language, lexical words or nouns refer to things. These words fall into three main classes:*proper nouns refer exclusively to the place, object or person named, i.e...
elements in this list. Strabo
Strabo
Strabo, also written Strabon was a Greek historian, geographer and philosopher.-Life:Strabo was born to an affluent family from Amaseia in Pontus , a city which he said was situated the approximate equivalent of 75 km from the Black Sea...
translated -bria as polis, but that may not be accurate. Thracian -disza, -diza, and -dizos are derived from Proto-Indo-European
Proto-Indo-European language
The Proto-Indo-European language is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Indo-European languages, spoken by the Proto-Indo-Europeans...
*dheigh-, "to knead clay", hence to "make bricks", "build walls", "wall", "walls", and so on. These Thracian lexical items show a satemization of PIE
Pie
A pie is a baked dish which is usually made of a pastry dough casing that covers or completely contains a filling of various sweet or savoury ingredients....
*gh-. Cognates include Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek is the stage of the Greek language in the periods spanning the times c. 9th–6th centuries BC, , c. 5th–4th centuries BC , and the c. 3rd century BC – 6th century AD of ancient Greece and the ancient world; being predated in the 2nd millennium BC by Mycenaean Greek...
teichos ("wall, fort, fortified town", as in the town of Didymoteicho
Didymoteicho
Didymóteicho is a town located in the eastern part of the Evros peripheral unit of Thrace, Greece. It is the seat of the municipality of the same name. The town sits on a plain and located south east of Svilengrad, south of Edirne, Turkey and Orestiada, west of Uzunköprü, about 20 km north...
) and Avestan daēza ("wall").
Towns
- Artanes, present day Lom, Bulgaria
- Bolbabria
- Cabassus
- Maskiobria
- RatiariaRatiariaRatiaria was a city founded by Moesi, a Daco-Thracian tribe, in 4th century BC, along the river Danube. The city had a gold mine in the vicinity, which was exploited by the Thracians.It is located 2 km west of present village Archar in Vidin Province, northwestern Bulgaria...
, became the capital of Dacia RipensisDacia RipensisDacia Ripensis was the name of a Roman province first established by Aurelian circa 283 AD, south of the Danube River, after he withdrew from Dacia Traiana.-History:...
after RomanRoman EmpireThe Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
conquest, located near the present village Archar, VidinVidinVidin is a port town on the southern bank of the Danube in northwestern Bulgaria. It is close to the borders with Serbia and Romania, and is also the administrative centre of Vidin Province, as well as of the Metropolitan of Vidin...
, BulgariaBulgariaBulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east... - SeuthopolisSeuthopolisSeuthopolis was an ancient hellenistic-type city founded by the Thracian king Seuthes III, and the capital of the Odrysian kingdom. The city was founded sometime from 325 BC to 315 BC...
- Skedabria
- Skelabria
Villages
- Agathapara
- Alaaibria
- Athypara
- Authiparu
- Bazopara
- Belaidipara
- Bendipara
- Beripara
- Bespara
- Bessapara
- Breierophara
- Brentopara
- Briparon
- Bussipara
- Chesdupara
- Dodoparos
- Drabeskos, a Thracian settlement
- Gelupara
- Isgipara
- Keirpara
- Kēriparōn
- Kras(s)alopara
- Longinopara
- Mutzipara
- Priskupera
- Skaptopara
- Skaripara
- Stratopara
- Subzupara
- Tranupara
Forts and walled settlements
- Beroea, later ByzantineByzantineByzantine usually refers to the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages.Byzantine may also refer to:* A citizen of the Byzantine Empire, or native Greek during the Middle Ages...
IrenopolisIrenopolisIrenopolis in Isauria is a Catholic titular see of Isauria, suffragan of Seleucia.Five of its bishops are known:*John *Menodorus *Paul *George *Euschemon .... - Bizye, of the Astae
- Burtudizos
- Iamphorynna, of the MaediMaediThe Maedi , were a Thracian or Illyrian tribe, which in historic times, occupied the area between Paionia and Thrace, on the southwestern fringes of Thrace, along the middle course of the Strymon, between the Kresna Gorge and the Rupel Pass...
tribe - Kirpizos
- Kistidizos
- Medista
- Orudisza
- Ostudizos
- Pizos
- Skept
- Strupil
- Uscudama, of the BessiBessiThe Bessi were an independent Thracian tribe who lived in a territory ranging from Moesia to Mount Rhodope in southern Thrace, but are often mentioned as dwelling about Haemus, the mountain range that separates Moesia from Thrace and from Mount Rhodope to the northern part of Hebrus...
tribe - Zburulus
Celtic
- Dunonia
- Serdica (Sardica), modern SofiaSofiaSofia is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria and the 12th largest city in the European Union with a population of 1.27 million people. It is located in western Bulgaria, at the foot of Mount Vitosha and approximately at the centre of the Balkan Peninsula.Prehistoric settlements were excavated...
, BulgariaBulgariaBulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east... - SingidunumSingidunumSingidunum is the name for the ancient city in Serbia which became Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It was recorded that a Celtic tribe Scordisci settled the area in the 3rd century BC following the Gallic invasion of the Balkans. The Roman Empire conquered the area in 75 BC and later garrisoned...
- Taurunum
- TylisTylisTylis or Tyle was a capital of a short-lived Balkan state mentioned by Polybius that was founded by Celts led by Comontorios in the 3rd century BC, after their invasion of Thrace and Greece in 279 BC. It was located near the eastern edge of the Haemus Mountains in what is now eastern Bulgaria...
, founded by GaulsGaulsThe Gauls were a Celtic people living in Gaul, the region roughly corresponding to what is now France, Belgium, Switzerland and Northern Italy, from the Iron Age through the Roman period. They mostly spoke the Continental Celtic language called Gaulish....
Thrace, from Strymon to Nestos
- Akontisma
- Antisara
- Apollonia, founded by IoniansIoniansThe Ionians were one of the four major tribes into which the Classical Greeks considered the population of Hellenes to have been divided...
- BergaBerga (Colony)Berga was an ancient Greek city located in Thrace , located in the region between the river Strymon and the river Nestos.It was founded by colonists from Thasos....
, founded by colonists from ThasosThasosThasos or Thassos is a Greek island in the northern Aegean Sea, close to the coast of Thrace and the plain of the river Nestos but geographically part of Macedonia. It is the northernmost Greek island, and 12th largest by area... - Daton, founded by colonists from ThasosThasosThasos or Thassos is a Greek island in the northern Aegean Sea, close to the coast of Thrace and the plain of the river Nestos but geographically part of Macedonia. It is the northernmost Greek island, and 12th largest by area...
- DatosDatosDatos was an ancient Greek city located in Thrace , located in the region between the river Strymon and the river Nestos.It was founded by colonists from Thasos at 360 BC.Datos was founded with the help and support of the Athenian exiled orator, Kallistratos.Datos was close to Mount Pangaion with...
, founded by colonists from ThasosThasosThasos or Thassos is a Greek island in the northern Aegean Sea, close to the coast of Thrace and the plain of the river Nestos but geographically part of Macedonia. It is the northernmost Greek island, and 12th largest by area... - Drabeskos
- EionEionEion was an ancient Greek Eretrian colony in Thracian Macedonia. It sits at the mouth of the Strymon River which flows into the Aegean from the interior of Thrace...
, founded by colonists from AthensAthensAthens , is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, as its recorded history spans around 3,400 years. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state... - Ennea Hodoi
- GalepsusGalepsusGalepsus was an ancient Greek city on the peninsula of Sithonia, the central peninsula of the Chalcidice, in Thrace. It was probably located on a hill about 8 km to the north of Torone and about 17 km from Amphipolis. It belonged to Delian League. It was founded as a colony of Thasos...
, founded by colonists from ThasosThasosThasos or Thassos is a Greek island in the northern Aegean Sea, close to the coast of Thrace and the plain of the river Nestos but geographically part of Macedonia. It is the northernmost Greek island, and 12th largest by area... - Gasoros
- KrenidesKrenidesKrenides was an ancient Greek city located in Thrace , located in the region between the river Strymon and the river Nestos.It was founded by colonists from Thasos at 360 BC.Krenides was close to Mount Pangaion with its rich gold veins and to another Thasian colony, Datos.The two colonies provoked...
, founded by colonists from ThasosThasosThasos or Thassos is a Greek island in the northern Aegean Sea, close to the coast of Thrace and the plain of the river Nestos but geographically part of Macedonia. It is the northernmost Greek island, and 12th largest by area... - MyrkinosMyrkinosMyrkinos was an ancient Greek city located in Thrace, located in the region between the river Strymon and the river Nestos. It was located in the territory of the Edonians, a Thracian tribe. Myrkinos joined Brasidas after he captured Amphipolis along with Oisyme and Galepsus. It was founded as a...
, founded by colonists from MiletusMiletusMiletus was an ancient Greek city on the western coast of Anatolia , near the mouth of the Maeander River in ancient Caria...
in 497 BC - NeapolisNeapolis (Colony)Neapolis was an ancient Greek city located in Thrace , located in the region between the river Strymon and the river Nestos.It was founded by colonists from Thasos.Neapolis was a member of the Delian league and entered the Athenian tribute list at 454 BC first by toponym and by 443 BC by...
, founded by colonists from ThasosThasosThasos or Thassos is a Greek island in the northern Aegean Sea, close to the coast of Thrace and the plain of the river Nestos but geographically part of Macedonia. It is the northernmost Greek island, and 12th largest by area... - OesymeOesymeOesyme or Oisyme or or was an ancient Greek polis located in Thrace , located in the region between the river Strymon and the river Nestos...
, founded by colonists from ThasosThasosThasos or Thassos is a Greek island in the northern Aegean Sea, close to the coast of Thrace and the plain of the river Nestos but geographically part of Macedonia. It is the northernmost Greek island, and 12th largest by area... - Paroikopolis
- Pergamos
- PhagresPhagresPhagres was an ancient Greek city located in Thrace in the region between the river Strymon and the river Nestos. It was founded by colonists from Thasos. It was perhaps together with Galepsus and Apollonia occupied and destroyed by Phillip II of Macedon after the capture of Amphipolis...
, founded by colonists from ThasosThasosThasos or Thassos is a Greek island in the northern Aegean Sea, close to the coast of Thrace and the plain of the river Nestos but geographically part of Macedonia. It is the northernmost Greek island, and 12th largest by area... - PhilippiPhilippiPhilippi was a city in eastern Macedonia, established by Philip II in 356 BC and abandoned in the 14th century after the Ottoman conquest...
, founded by Philip II of MacedonPhilip II of MacedonPhilip II of Macedon "friend" + ἵππος "horse" — transliterated ; 382 – 336 BC), was a king of Macedon from 359 BC until his assassination in 336 BC. He was the father of Alexander the Great and Philip III.-Biography:... - PistyrosPistyrosPistyros was an ancient ancient Greek polis on the coast of Thrace. It was founded as a colony of Thasos and itself may have founded Pistiros in inland Thrace.Pistiros has been identified with the remains of a fortified settlement east of Pontolivado located near the Vasova salt lake.The...
, founded by colonists from ThasosThasosThasos or Thassos is a Greek island in the northern Aegean Sea, close to the coast of Thrace and the plain of the river Nestos but geographically part of Macedonia. It is the northernmost Greek island, and 12th largest by area... - SirraSirraSirra or was an ancient Greek poleis located in Thrace, in the region between the river Strymon and the river Nestos. The city ethnic name was or and its territory was called . Sirra was located in the territory of the Odomantes. It was founded by Philip II of Macedon, expanded with...
, founded by Philip II of MacedonPhilip II of MacedonPhilip II of Macedon "friend" + ἵππος "horse" — transliterated ; 382 – 336 BC), was a king of Macedon from 359 BC until his assassination in 336 BC. He was the father of Alexander the Great and Philip III.-Biography:... - Skapte Hyle
- Skotoussa
- Tristolos
Thrace, from Nestos to Hebros
- AbderaAbdera, ThraceAbdera was a city-state on the coast of Thrace 17 km east-northeast of the mouth of the Nestos, and almost opposite Thasos. The site now lies in the Xanthi peripheral unit of modern Greece. The municipality of Abdera, or Ávdira , has 18,573 inhabitants...
, founded by colonists from Klazomenai - AinosAenus (Thrace)Aenus , modern Enez in Turkey, was an ancient Greek city on the southeastern coast of Thrace. Formerly called Poltyobria , it was located near the mouth of the Hebrus River, not far from the Melas Gulf , which is formed by the Thracian Chersonesus to the east...
(Poltymbria), founded by colonists from Alopeke, MytileneMytileneMytilene is a town and a former municipality on the island of Lesbos, North Aegean, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Lesbos, of which it is a municipal unit. It is the capital of the island of Lesbos. Mytilene, whose name is pre-Greek, is built on the...
, and Kyme - BergepolisBergepolisBergepolis was an ancient Greek city located in Thrace, in the region between the river Nestos to the river Hebros. It was founded by colonists from Abdera. Its citizens were called Bergepolites.Bergepolis was an urban center dependent of Abdera. Bergepolis survived in the Roman times....
, founded by colonists from AbderaAbdera, ThraceAbdera was a city-state on the coast of Thrace 17 km east-northeast of the mouth of the Nestos, and almost opposite Thasos. The site now lies in the Xanthi peripheral unit of modern Greece. The municipality of Abdera, or Ávdira , has 18,573 inhabitants... - DoriskosDoriskosDoriskos was an ancient Greek city located in Thrace, located in the region between the river Nestos to the river Hebros. It was a fortified stronghold located in the homonymous plain and beach extending west of the Hebros delta and east of the peraia of Samothrace, actually located in the river...
- DrysDrys (Colony)Drys was an ancient Greek city located in Thrace , located in the region between the river Nestos to the river Hebros....
, founded by colonists from SamothraceSamothraceSamothrace is a Greek island in the northern Aegean Sea. It is a self-governing municipality within the Evros peripheral unit of Thrace. The island is long and is in size and has a population of 2,723 . Its main industries are fishing and tourism. Resources on the island includes granite and... - DikaiaDikaia (Colony)Dikaia was an ancient Greek city located in Thrace , located in the region between the river Nestos to the river Hebros....
, founded by colonists from SamosSamošSamoš is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Kovačica municipality, in the South Banat District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 1,247 people .-See also:... - KypselaKypselaKypsela was an ancient Greek city located in Thrace , located in the region between the river Nestos to the river Hebros....
- LarissaLarissa (Thrace)Larissa was an ancient Greek city located in Thrace , located in the region between the river Nestos to the river Hebros.Larissa was located in the borderland between Elis and Achaian Dyme.It remains unlocated and unidentified....
- MaroneiaMaroneiaMaroneia is a village and a former municipality in the Rhodope peripheral unit, East Macedonia and Thrace, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Maroneia-Sapes, of which it is a municipal unit. Population 7,644...
, founded by colonists from ChiosChiosChios is the fifth largest of the Greek islands, situated in the Aegean Sea, seven kilometres off the Asia Minor coast. The island is separated from Turkey by the Chios Strait. The island is noted for its strong merchant shipping community, its unique mastic gum and its medieval villages... - Menebria (older name of MesembriaMesembriaMesembria or Messembria or Mesambria may refer to:*Mesembria , modern Nesembar, an ancient Greek city on the Black Sea coast of Bulgaria...
), founded by colonists from SamothraceSamothraceSamothrace is a Greek island in the northern Aegean Sea. It is a self-governing municipality within the Evros peripheral unit of Thrace. The island is long and is in size and has a population of 2,723 . Its main industries are fishing and tourism. Resources on the island includes granite and... - OrthagoriaOrthagoriaOrthagoria was an ancient Greek city located in Thrace , located in the region between the river Nestos to the river Hebros....
- SaleSale (Colony)Sale was an ancient Greek city located in Thrace , located in the region between the river Nestos to the river Hebros....
, founded by colonists from SamothraceSamothraceSamothrace is a Greek island in the northern Aegean Sea. It is a self-governing municipality within the Evros peripheral unit of Thrace. The island is long and is in size and has a population of 2,723 . Its main industries are fishing and tourism. Resources on the island includes granite and... - StrymeStryme (Colony)Stryme was an ancient Greek city located in Thrace, located in the region between the river Nestos to the river Hebros. It was founded by colonists from Thasos. Stryme is called a Thasian polis bordering on Mesambria. Stryme was located in the Briantike, a region formerly called Dahbiah and...
, founded from colonists from ThasosThasosThasos or Thassos is a Greek island in the northern Aegean Sea, close to the coast of Thrace and the plain of the river Nestos but geographically part of Macedonia. It is the northernmost Greek island, and 12th largest by area... - ZoneZone (Colony)Zone was an ancient Greek polis on the Aegean coast of Thrace, located in the neighborhood of the cities of Sale, Serreion, and Drys. It was a member of the Delian league...
, founded by colonists from SamothraceSamothraceSamothrace is a Greek island in the northern Aegean Sea. It is a self-governing municipality within the Evros peripheral unit of Thrace. The island is long and is in size and has a population of 2,723 . Its main industries are fishing and tourism. Resources on the island includes granite and...
Inland Thrace
- Alexandropolis
- Apros
- Beroea, founded by Phillip II of Macedon in 342 BC
- KabileKabileKabile is a village in southeastern Bulgaria, part of the Tundzha municipality, Yambol Province. The ruins of an ancient Thracian royal city can be found nearby, and it remained an important fortress throughout the Middle Ages.- Geography :...
- PhilippopolisPhilippopolisThe term Philippopolis , which translates as "Philip's Town," may refer to the following cities:*Plovdiv, Bulgaria *Shahba, Syria...
(Philippoupolis), today's city of PlovdivPlovdivPlovdiv is the second-largest city in Bulgaria after Sofia with a population of 338,153 inhabitants according to Census 2011. Plovdiv's history spans some 6,000 years, with traces of a Neolithic settlement dating to roughly 4000 BC; it is one of the oldest cities in Europe...
in Bulgaria, originally named Eumolpias by the Dacians and founded by Philip II of MacedonPhilip II of MacedonPhilip II of Macedon "friend" + ἵππος "horse" — transliterated ; 382 – 336 BC), was a king of Macedon from 359 BC until his assassination in 336 BC. He was the father of Alexander the Great and Philip III.-Biography:...
. Philip IIPhilip II of MacedonPhilip II of Macedon "friend" + ἵππος "horse" — transliterated ; 382 – 336 BC), was a king of Macedon from 359 BC until his assassination in 336 BC. He was the father of Alexander the Great and Philip III.-Biography:...
conquered the area in 342-341 BC and renamed the city Philippoupolis , of which the later Dacian name for the city, Pulpu-deva, is a reconstructed translation. - PistirosPistirosPistiros was an inland Ancient Greek Emporium in Ancient Thrace. It is now situated in the territory of the city of Vetren, municipality of Septemvri, district of Pazardzhik, between the northern slopes of the Rhodopi Mountain and the foothill of Sredna Gora Mountain, in the westernmost part of...
, founded by Pistyrians from the coast
Thracian Chersonesos
- AegospotamiAegospotamiAegospotami or Aegospotamos is a small river issuing into the Hellespont, northeast of Sestos. At its mouth was the scene of the decisive battle in 405 B.C...
(Aegospotamos) - AlokopennesosAlokopennesosAlokopennesos was an ancient Greek city located in Thrace , located in the region of the Thracian Chersonesos....
, founded by colonists from AeolisAeolisAeolis or Aeolia was an area that comprised the west and northwestern region of Asia Minor, mostly along the coast, and also several offshore islands , where the Aeolian Greek city-states were located... - AraplosAraplosAraplos was an ancient Greek city located in Thrace , located in the region of the Thracian Chersonesos....
- ChersonesosChersonesos (Colony)Chersonesos was an ancient Greek city located in Thrace , located in the region of the Thracian Chersonesos....
(Agora), founded by colonists from AthensAthensAthens , is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, as its recorded history spans around 3,400 years. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state... - DerrisDerris (Colony)Derris was an ancient Greek city located in Thrace, located in the region of the Thracian Chersonesos....
- ElaiousElaiousElaious was an ancient Greek city located in Thrace, located in the region of the Thracian Chersonesos....
, founded by colonists from AthensAthensAthens , is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, as its recorded history spans around 3,400 years. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state... - IdeIde (Colony)Ide was an ancient Greek city located in Thrace , located in the region of the Thracian Chersonesos....
- KardiaKardia (Colony)Kardia was an ancient Greek city located in Thrace , located in the region of the Thracian Chersonesos....
, founded by colonists from AthensAthensAthens , is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, as its recorded history spans around 3,400 years. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state... - KressaKressaKressa was an ancient Greek city located in Thrace , located in the region of the Thracian Chersonesos....
- KrithotaiKrithotaiKrithotai was an ancient Greek city located in Thrace , located in the region of the Thracian Chersonesos....
, founded by colonists from AthensAthensAthens , is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, as its recorded history spans around 3,400 years. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state... - LimnaeLimnaeLimnae was an ancient Greek city located in Thrace , located in the region of the Thracian Chersonesos....
, founded by colonists from MiletusMiletusMiletus was an ancient Greek city on the western coast of Anatolia , near the mouth of the Maeander River in ancient Caria... - MadytosMadytos (Colony)Madytos , by the modern town of Eceabat in Turkey) was an ancient Greek city and port of Thrace , located in the region of the Thracian Chersonesos ....
, founded by colonists from Lesbos - PactyaPactyaPactya was an ancient Greek city located in Thrace , located in the region of the Thracian Chersonesos....
, founded by colonists from AthensAthensAthens , is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, as its recorded history spans around 3,400 years. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state... - PaktyePaktyePaktye was an ancient Greek city located in Thrace , located in the region of the Thracian Chersonesos....
, founded by colonists from AthensAthensAthens , is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, as its recorded history spans around 3,400 years. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state... - Paion
- SestosSestos200px|200px|thumb|The Ancient Map of Gallipoli PeninsulaSestos was an ancient Greek town of the Thracian Chersonese, the modern Gallipoli peninsula in European Turkey. Situated on the Hellespont opposite Abydos, it was the home of Hero in the legend of Hero and Leander, where according to legend...
, founded by colonists from Lesbos
Propontic Thrace
- AthyraAthyra (Colony)Athyras was an ancient Greek city in Thrace , located in the region of the Propontis.It was also the name of a river....
- Byzantion, founded by colonists from MegaraMegaraMegara is an ancient city in Attica, Greece. It lies in the northern section of the Isthmus of Corinth opposite the island of Salamis, which belonged to Megara in archaic times, before being taken by Athens. Megara was one of the four districts of Attica, embodied in the four mythic sons of King...
- Bisanthe, founded by colonists from SamosSamošSamoš is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Kovačica municipality, in the South Banat District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 1,247 people .-See also:...
- Daminon TeichosDaminon TeichosDaminon Teichos was an ancient Greek city in Thrace , located in the region of the Propontis....
- ErgiskeErgiskeErgiske was an ancient Greek city in Thrace, located in the region of the Propontis. According to Suida, the name is after Ergiscus , a son of Poseidon through the naiad Aba ....
- HeracleaHeraclea-Ancient cities:* Heraclea Cybistra, Konya Province, Turkey* Heracleia by Latmus, near Lake Bafa, Turkey* Heraclea Lucania, Lucanian district of southern Italy...
(Perinthus) - HeraionHeraion (Colony)Heraion was an ancient Greek city in Thrace , located in the region of the Propontis....
, founded by colonists from SamosSamošSamoš is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Kovačica municipality, in the South Banat District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 1,247 people .-See also:... - LysimachiaLysimachiaLysimachia is a genus of flowering plants. It is traditionally classified in the family Primulaceae but should, according to molecular phylogenetic study, be placed to the family Myrsinaceae .-Characteristics:...
- Neapolis (Thracian Chersonese)Neapolis (Thracian Chersonese)Neapolis was an ancient Greek city in Thrace , located in the region of the Propontis....
, founded by colonists from AthensAthensAthens , is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, as its recorded history spans around 3,400 years. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state... - OrestiasOrestiasOrestias may refer to:*- the Greek city of Orestiada, in Evros prefecture*- the ancient Greek city of Orestias, now in Turkey*- a South American genus of pupfish, see Orestias...
- Perinthus, founded by colonists from SamosSamošSamoš is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Kovačica municipality, in the South Banat District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 1,247 people .-See also:...
- Rhaedestus, founded by colonists from SamosSamošSamoš is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Kovačica municipality, in the South Banat District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 1,247 people .-See also:...
- Serrion TeichosSerrion TeichosSerrion Teichos was an Ancient Greek city in Thrace , located in the region of the Propontis....
- Selymbria, modern SilivriSilivriSilivri is a city and a district in Istanbul Province along the Sea of Marmara in Turkey, outside of metropolitan Istanbul, containing many holiday and weekend homes for residents of the city. The largest city in the district is also named Silivri...
in European Turkey - TyrodizaTyrodizaTyrodiza was an Ancient Greek city in Thrace , located in the region of the Propontis....
West Thracian and Dacian coast
- AgathopolisAhtopolAhtopol is a town and seaside resort on the southern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. It is located on a headland in the southeastern part of Burgas Province and is close to the border with European Turkey...
- Agēssos (Aegyssus)
- AnchialosPomoriePomorie is a town and seaside resort in southeastern Bulgaria, located on a narrow rocky peninsula in Burgas Bay on the southern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. It is situated in Burgas Province, 20 km away from the city of Burgas and 18 km from the Sunny Beach resort. The ultrasaline lagoon...
- Apollonnia, founded by colonists from MiletusMiletusMiletus was an ancient Greek city on the western coast of Anatolia , near the mouth of the Maeander River in ancient Caria...
- Aspros
- Bizone, founded by colonists from MiletusMiletusMiletus was an ancient Greek city on the western coast of Anatolia , near the mouth of the Maeander River in ancient Caria...
- DionysopolisBalchikBalchik is a Black Sea coastal town and seaside resort in the Southern Dobruja area of northeastern Bulgaria. It is located in Dobrich Oblast and is 42 km northeast of Varna...
, founded by colonists from MiletusMiletusMiletus was an ancient Greek city on the western coast of Anatolia , near the mouth of the Maeander River in ancient Caria... - HistriaHistria (Sinoe)Ancient Histria or Istros , was a Greek colony or polis on the Black Sea coast, established by Milesian settlers to trade with the native Getae. It became the first Greek town on the present day Romanian territory. Scymnus of Chios , the Greek geographer and poet, dated it to 630 BC...
, founded by colonists from MiletusMiletusMiletus was an ancient Greek city on the western coast of Anatolia , near the mouth of the Maeander River in ancient Caria... - Kallatis (Callatis), founded from colonists from Herakleia Pontike, modern-day MangaliaMangaliaMangalia , is a city and a port on the coast of the Black Sea in the south-east of Constanţa County, Romania.The municipality of Mangalia also administers several summer time seaside resorts: Cap Aurora, Jupiter, Neptun, Olimp, Saturn, Venus.-History:...
, Romania - Mastira
- MesembriaNesebarNesebar is an ancient town and one of the major seaside resorts on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, located in Burgas Province. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Nesebar Municipality...
, founded by colonists from Byzantion and Chalchedon - OdessosOdessosOdessos may refer to:* The ancient Milesian colony in Varna, Bulgaria* The Greek name for Odessa,Ukraine...
, founded by colonists from MiletusMiletusMiletus was an ancient Greek city on the western coast of Anatolia , near the mouth of the Maeander River in ancient Caria... - Olbia, founded by colonists from MiletusMiletusMiletus was an ancient Greek city on the western coast of Anatolia , near the mouth of the Maeander River in ancient Caria...
- Ophiousa
- Pyrgos
- Naulochos (Black sea)
- Nikonion, founded by colonists from Istros
- Orgame, founded by colonists from Histria
- Panion
- Salmydessos (from IE *salm-udes, "salty water"; cf. Greek álmē, "sea water, brine"; ýdos, "water")
- TomisConstantaConstanța is the oldest extant city in Romania, founded around 600 BC. The city is located in the Dobruja region of Romania, on the Black Sea coast. It is the capital of Constanța County and the largest city in the region....
, founded by colonists from MiletusMiletusMiletus was an ancient Greek city on the western coast of Anatolia , near the mouth of the Maeander River in ancient Caria...
, today's ConstanțaConstantaConstanța is the oldest extant city in Romania, founded around 600 BC. The city is located in the Dobruja region of Romania, on the Black Sea coast. It is the capital of Constanța County and the largest city in the region....
, Romania - Tomoi, founded by colonists from MiletusMiletusMiletus was an ancient Greek city on the western coast of Anatolia , near the mouth of the Maeander River in ancient Caria...
- TyrasTyrasTyras , was an ancient Greek city founded as colony of Miletus, probably about 600 BC, situated some 10 m from the mouth of the Tyras River...
, founded by colonists from MiletusMiletusMiletus was an ancient Greek city on the western coast of Anatolia , near the mouth of the Maeander River in ancient Caria... - NaulochosObzorObzor is a small town and seaside resort on the Black Sea coast of Bulgaria. It is part of Nesebar municipality, Burgas Province.The Thracian and ancient Greek name of Obzor was Naulochos, a small port on the coast of Thrace, a colony of Mesembria. The ancient Romans named it Templum Iovis ;...
(TetranaulochusObzorObzor is a small town and seaside resort on the Black Sea coast of Bulgaria. It is part of Nesebar municipality, Burgas Province.The Thracian and ancient Greek name of Obzor was Naulochos, a small port on the coast of Thrace, a colony of Mesembria. The ancient Romans named it Templum Iovis ;...
)
Other
- Aison
- AntigoniaAntigonia (Paeonia)Antigonia also transliterated as Antigonea and Antigoneia was a Hellenistic city in Paeonia, North Macedonia, placed in the Peutinger Table between Stena and Stobi, now called Negotino....
- Brea, founded by colonists from AthensAthensAthens , is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, as its recorded history spans around 3,400 years. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state...
, - Bruanion
- DeuriopusDeuriopusDeuriopus was a subdivision of Paionia, in what is today the Republic of Macedonia. Its exact limits are unclear, but it is known that it contained lands around the river Crna...
- GazorosGazorosGazoros or Gazorus was a town mentioned by Ptolemy to be in the region of Edonis or Odomantike. Later in the 4th century BC, it was annexed to the Macedonian kingdom and made a polis under Phillip II of Macedon or the Antigonids...
- Heraclea LyncestisHeraclea LyncestisHeraclea Lyncestis also spelled Herakleia Lynkestis was an ancient Greek city in the north-western region of the ancient kingdom of Macedon. It was founded by Philip II of Macedon in the middle of the 4th century BC in Lynkestis, after its conquest. The town was named in honor of the mythological...
- Heraclea SinticaHeraclea SinticaHeraclea Sintica was an ancient Greekcity in Thracian Macedonia, to the south of the Struma River, the site of which is marked by the village of Rupite, Bulgaria, and which was identified by the discovery of local coins....
- Kossaia
- Perseis
- Stenae
- StyberraPrilepPrilep is the fourth largest city in the Republic of Macedonia. It has a population of 66,246 citizens. Prilep is known as "the city under Marko's Towers" because of its proximity to the towers of Prince Marko.-Name:...
Roman
A large number of Roman castraCastra
The Latin word castra, with its singular castrum, was used by the ancient Romans to mean buildings or plots of land reserved to or constructed for use as a military defensive position. The word appears in both Oscan and Umbrian as well as in Latin. It may have descended from Indo-European to Italic...
, towns and cities were built after the conquest of Thrace
Thrace
Thrace is a historical and geographic area in southeast Europe. As a geographical concept, Thrace designates a region bounded by the Balkan Mountains on the north, Rhodope Mountains and the Aegean Sea on the south, and by the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara on the east...
, Moesia
Moesia
Moesia was an ancient region and later Roman province situated in the Balkans, along the south bank of the Danube River. It included territories of modern-day Southern Serbia , Northern Republic of Macedonia, Northern Bulgaria, Romanian Dobrudja, Southern Moldova, and Budjak .-History:In ancient...
, and Dacia
Dacia
In ancient geography, especially in Roman sources, Dacia was the land inhabited by the Dacians or Getae as they were known by the Greeks—the branch of the Thracians north of the Haemus range...
. Many were constructed on top of existing Dacian and Thracian structures, often inheriting their native names, usually in a Latinized form.
Some were built near the ruins of destroyed native settlements or fortresses, and in such cases mostly Roman structures survived. All of these towns were connected on Roman
Ancient Rome
Ancient Rome was a thriving civilization that grew on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 8th century BC. Located along the Mediterranean Sea and centered on the city of Rome, it expanded to one of the largest empires in the ancient world....
road networks built throughout the region, as described in ancient sources like Ptolemy's Geographia (c. 150 AD) and Tabula Peutingeriana
Tabula Peutingeriana
The Tabula Peutingeriana is an itinerarium showing the cursus publicus, the road network in the Roman Empire. The original map of which this is a unique copy was last revised in the fourth or early fifth century. It covers Europe, parts of Asia and North Africa...
(2nd century AD). Many fortified settlements were also part of limes
Limes
A limes was a border defense or delimiting system of Ancient Rome. It marked the boundaries of the Roman Empire.The Latin noun limes had a number of different meanings: a path or balk delimiting fields, a boundary line or marker, any road or path, any channel, such as a stream channel, or any...
.
- AbritusAbritusAbritus was a late Roman city near the site of the modern city of Razgrad.In 251 it was the site of the defeat and slaying of Decius at the Battle of Abrittus. It was destroyed by the Avars in the sixth century....
- Agura Piatra (Regianum)
- ApulumAlba IuliaAlba Iulia is a city in Alba County, Transylvania, Romania with a population of 66,747, located on the Mureş River. Since the High Middle Ages, the city has been the seat of Transylvania's Roman Catholic diocese. Between 1541 and 1690 it was the capital of the Principality of Transylvania...
(Apullum), built close to ApulonApulonApulon was a Dacian fortress city close to modern Alba-Iulia, Romania from where the Latin name of Apulum is derived. The exact location is believed by many archaeologists to be the Dacian fortifications on top of Piatra Craivii, 20 km North of Alba-Iulia. Apulon was an important Dacian political,...
after the conquest of Dacia - ArcadiopolisLüleburgazLüleburgaz, is a town and district of Kırklareli Province in the Marmara region of Turkey.-Facts:The city has a population of 100,412 and is the largest town in Kırklareli Province....
- AstiboAstiboAstibo or Astibus was a Paeonian and later Roman settlement which is located in the modern city of Štip in the Republic of Macedonia. It is probable that the capital of the Paeonian royal house was in the area ofAstibus....
- Augusta
- AlmusAlmusAlmus is a town and a district of Tokat Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. The mayor is Hasan Hüseyin Arıkan ....
- Bedizos (Beodizos)
- BargalaBargalaBargala was a fortified town constructed between the4th and 6th century, a period spanning Late Antiquity and Early Byzantium. It is located 20 km northeast of the modern city of Štip, Republic of Macedonia on the lower slopes of the Plachkovica mountain...
- BononiaBononiaBononia is the Roman name of several cities, including:* Bologna, Italy* Boulogne-sur-Mer, France* Vidin, Bulgaria* Banoštor, Serbia...
- BunoniaVidinVidin is a port town on the southern bank of the Danube in northwestern Bulgaria. It is close to the borders with Serbia and Romania, and is also the administrative centre of Vidin Province, as well as of the Metropolitan of Vidin...
- Cænophrurium
- Camistrum
- ChariopolisChariopolisChariopolis is a Catholic titular see. The original diocese was in Thrace. Chariopolis is now Hayrabolu, Turkey.Nothing is known about this city during antiquity. In 1087 it was plundered by Tselgou and Solomon, Kings of the Patzinaces and of the Hungarians...
- ConstantiaConstantia- People :* Flavia Julia Constantia, daughter of Roman Emperor Constantius Chlorus and Flavia Maximiana Theodora* Flavia Maxima Constantia, daughter of Constantius II and his third wife Faustina...
- DrusiparaDrusiparaDrusipara is a Catholic titular see. The original diocese was in Thracia Prima. Nothing is known of the ancient history of this town, which, according to Ptolemy was situated on the route from Adrianople to Byzantium. It was later called Mesene, and corresponds to modern Büyük Karistiran,...
- DurostorumSilistraSilistra is a port city of northeastern Bulgaria, lying on the southern bank of the lower Danube at the country's border with Romania. Silistra is the administrative centre of Silistra Province and one of the important cities of the historical region of Southern Dobrudzha...
(SilistraSilistraSilistra is a port city of northeastern Bulgaria, lying on the southern bank of the lower Danube at the country's border with Romania. Silistra is the administrative centre of Silistra Province and one of the important cities of the historical region of Southern Dobrudzha...
) - EstipeonEstipeonEstipeon is the name of an early Byzantine settlement, in the Republic of Macedonia dating from the 3rd to the 5th centuries AD. It is located approximately on the same territory as the modern city of Štip. The Byzantine settlement was destroyed between the 5th and 6th centuries AD after a...
- Germane
- Kastiakon
- MarcianopolisMarcianopolisMarcianopolis or Marcianople was an ancient Roman city in Thracia. It was located at the site of modern day Devnya, Bulgaria.-History:...
- Medeca
- Municipio Montanensium
- Municipium Stobensium
- NicopolisNicopolisNicopolis — or Actia Nicopolis — was an ancient city of Epirus, founded 31 BC by Octavian in memory of his victory over Antony and Cleopatra at Actium the previous year. It was later the capital of Epirus Vetus...
- NovaeNovaeArchaeological site situated on the Danube in northern Bulgaria, about 4 kilometres east of the modern town Svishtov. A legionary base and late Roman town in the Roman province Moesia Inferior, later Moesia II.-Localisation and topography:...
- Novamonte
- PesciumPecPeć or Pejë is a city and municipality in north-western Kosovo and Metohija - Serbia, and the administrative centre of the homonymous district. Governor of city is Ali Berisha....
(SiparantumPecPeć or Pejë is a city and municipality in north-western Kosovo and Metohija - Serbia, and the administrative centre of the homonymous district. Governor of city is Ali Berisha....
) - Prezidium
- Rossokastron
- ScupiScupiScupi is an archaeological site located between Zajčev Rid and the Vardar River, several kilometers from the center of Skopje, in the Republic of Macedonia. A Roman military camp was founded here in the second decade BC on the site of an older Dardanian settlement...
- Sexaginta Prista
- Sportela
- TauresiumTauresiumTauresium or known as Gradište is an archaeological site in Macedonia, located approximately 20 km south-east of the capital Skopje. Tauresium is the birthplace of Byzantine Emperor Justinian I and King Theodahad of the Ostrogoths .- Name :The ancient town of Tauresium is located on the...
- Tegra
- TherandaTherandaTheranda was an old Roman settlement in what is now Prizren.The town is mentioned by Ptolemy in the 2nd century AD in his Geography, whereas in the 5th century AD. it is mentioned with the name of Petrizên by Procopius of Caesarea in De aedificiis .Sometimes the town is mentioned even in relation...
(Justiniana PrimaJustiniana PrimaJustiniana Prima is an archaeological site near today's Lebane in southern Serbia, It was a Byzantine city that served as the seat of an Archbishopric that had jurisdiction of the Central Balkans...
) - TransmariscaTutrakanTutrakan is a town in northeastern Bulgaria, an administrative centre of the homonymous municipality, part of Silistra Province. It is situated on the right bank of the Danube opposite the Romanian town of Olteniţa , in the very west of Southern Dobruja, 58 km east of Rousse and 62 km...
- Valve
- VicianumVucitrnVučitrn or Vushtrri is a city and municipality in north-eastern Kosovo. It is the seat of the Kosovska Mitrovica District. The name of the city means "wolf's thorn", the name of the spiny restharrow plant in Serbian....
(Viciana) - VasilikoVasilikoVasiliko may refer to the following places in Greece:*Vasiliko, Achaea, a village in Achaea*Vasiliko, Euboea, a village in Euboea*Vasiliko, Ioannina, a village in the Ioannina Prefecture*Vasiliko, Messenia, a village in Messenia...
- Skafida
Paeonian
- AstiboAstiboAstibo or Astibus was a Paeonian and later Roman settlement which is located in the modern city of Štip in the Republic of Macedonia. It is probable that the capital of the Paeonian royal house was in the area ofAstibus....
- Astraion mentioned by PtolemyPtolemyClaudius Ptolemy , was a Roman citizen of Egypt who wrote in Greek. He was a mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astrologer, and poet of a single epigram in the Greek Anthology. He lived in Egypt under Roman rule, and is believed to have been born in the town of Ptolemais Hermiou in the...
and PlinyPliny the ElderGaius Plinius Secundus , better known as Pliny the Elder, was a Roman author, naturalist, and natural philosopher, as well as naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and personal friend of the emperor Vespasian... - StobiStobiStobi was an ancient town of Paeonia, later conquered by Macedon, and later turned into the capital of the Roman province of Macedonia Salutaris . It is located on the main road that leads from the Danube to the Aegean Sea and is considered by many to be the most famous archaeological site in the...
capital city of the Paeonians - VylazoraBylazoraBylazora or Vilazora is a Paeonian city that was located on the Axius River at Veles in the Republic of Macedonia. Polybius tells us that "King Philip V captured Bylazora, the largest town of Paeonia, and very favourably situated for commanding the pass from Dardania to Macedonia: so that by this...
Mythological
- AmydonAmydonAmydon was the Homeric capital of the Paeonians in the lower Axios region of Amphaxitis. The exact location seems to have been unknown in historical times. According to Strabo, Amydon was later called Abydon but it was destroyed.-References:*Iliad B 1031...
, a Paeonian town mentioned by HomerHomerIn the Western classical tradition Homer , is the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, and is revered as the greatest ancient Greek epic poet. These epics lie at the beginning of the Western canon of literature, and have had an enormous influence on the history of literature.When he lived is... - IsmaraIsmaraIsmara also Ismaros or Ismarus is a city of the Cicones, mentioned in the Odyssey.-Homeric Ismaros:After their departure from Troy, Odysseus and his companions stop at Ismaros. They sack the town, and attack the Cicones, the inhabitants of the adjacent region...
(Ismaros, Mount Ismaros), a Ciconian town mentioned by HomerHomerIn the Western classical tradition Homer , is the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, and is revered as the greatest ancient Greek epic poet. These epics lie at the beginning of the Western canon of literature, and have had an enormous influence on the history of literature.When he lived is...
See also
- List of ancient tribes in Thrace and Dacia
- List of rulers of Thrace and Dacia
- List of ancient cities in Illyria
- List of rulers of Illyria
- Dacian DavaDava (Dacian)Dava is a Geto-Dacian name for a city, town or fortress. Generally, the name indicated a tribal center or an important settlement, usually fortified...
- Dacian Fortresses of the Orăştie MountainsDacian Fortresses of the Orastie MountainsBuilt in murus dacicus style, the six Dacian Fortresses of the Orăștie Mountains, in Romania, were created in the 1st centuries BC and AD as protection against Roman conquest....
- Tabula PeutingerianaTabula PeutingerianaThe Tabula Peutingeriana is an itinerarium showing the cursus publicus, the road network in the Roman Empire. The original map of which this is a unique copy was last revised in the fourth or early fifth century. It covers Europe, parts of Asia and North Africa...
- Notitia DignitatumNotitia DignitatumThe Notitia Dignitatum is a unique document of the Roman imperial chanceries. One of the very few surviving documents of Roman government, it details the administrative organisation of the eastern and western empires, listing several thousand offices from the imperial court down to the provincial...
