Bilabial consonant

Bilabial consonant

In phonetics, a bilabial consonant is a consonant articulated with both lips. The bilabial consonants identified by the International Phonetic Alphabet are:...

s

• bilabial click
  Bilabial click
  The bilabial clicks are a family of click consonants that sound something like a smack of the lips. They are found as phonemes only in the small Tuu language family, in the language of Botswana, and in the extinct Damin ritual jargon of Australia....
  
  s [ʘ] etc.
• bilabial nasal
  Bilabial nasal
  The bilabial nasal is a type of consonantal sound used in almost all spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is m...
  
   [m] (man)
• bilabial ejective
  Bilabial ejective
  The bilabial ejective is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is pʼ.-Features:Features of the bilabial ejective:-Occurrence:...
  
   [pʼ]
• voiced bilabial implosive [ɓ]
• voiceless bilabial plosive
  Voiceless bilabial plosive
  The voiceless bilabial plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is p...
  
   [p] (spin)
• voiced bilabial plosive
  Voiced bilabial plosive
  The voiced bilabial plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is b. The voiced bilabial plosive occurs in English, and it is the sound denoted by the...
  
   [b] (bed)
• voiceless bilabial affricate [pɸ]
• voiced bilabial affricate [bβ]
• voiceless bilabial fricative
  Voiceless bilabial fricative
  -See also:* List of phonetics topics...
  
   [ɸ]
• voiced bilabial fricative
  Voiced bilabial fricative
  -See also:* List of phonetics topics...
  
   [β]
• bilabial approximant [β̞]
• bilabial trill
  Bilabial trill
  -External links:*...
  
   [ʙ]
• bilabial percussive [ʬ]

Labiodental consonant

Labiodental consonant

In phonetics, labiodentals are consonants articulated with the lower lip and the upper teeth.-Labiodental consonant in IPA:The labiodental consonants identified by the International Phonetic Alphabet are:...

s

• labiodental approximant
  Labiodental approximant
  The labiodental approximant is a type of consonantal sound, similar to an English double-u pronounced with the teeth and lips held in the position used to articulate the letter vee, used in some spoken languages...
  
   [ʋ]
• labiodental nasal [ɱ] (symphony)
• voiced labiodental fricative
  Voiced labiodental fricative
  The voiced labiodental fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is v....
  
   [v] (van)
• Voiced labiodental plosive
  Voiced labiodental plosive
  The voiced labiodental plosive is a consonant sound produced like a , but with the lower lip contacting the upper teeth, as in . This can be represented in the IPA as . A separate symbol not recognized by the IPA that is often seen, especially in Bantu linguistics, is the db ligature '.The voiced...
  
  
• Voiced labiodental affricate
  Voiceless labiodental affricate
  A voiceless labiodental affricate is a rare affricate consonant that is initiated as a labiodental plosive and released as a voiceless labiodental fricative ....
  
  
• voiceless labiodental fricative
  Voiceless labiodental fricative
  The voiceless labiodental fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is .-Features:Features of the voiceless labiodental fricative:...
  
   [f] (fan)
• voiceless rounded velarized labiodental fricative
  Voiceless palatal-velar fricative
  In Swedish phonology, the sj-sound is a voiceless fricative phoneme found in most dialects. It has a variety of realisations, whose precise phonetic characterisation is a matter of debate...
  
   [ɧ]
• Voiceless labiodental plosive
  Voiceless labiodental plosive
  The voiceless labiodental plosive is a consonant sound produced like a [p], but with the lower lip contacting the upper teeth, as in [f]. This can be represented in the IPA as . A separate symbol not recognized by the IPA that is often seen, especially in Bantu linguistics, is the qp ligature '.The...
  
  
• Voiceless labiodental affricate
  Voiceless labiodental affricate
  A voiceless labiodental affricate is a rare affricate consonant that is initiated as a labiodental plosive and released as a voiceless labiodental fricative ....
  
  

Dental consonants

• dental click
  Dental click
  Dental clicks are a family of click consonants found, as constituents of words, only in Africa and in the Damin ritual jargon of Australia. The tut-tut! or tsk! tsk! sound used to express disapproval or pity is a dental click, although it isn't a speech sound in that context.The symbol in the...
  
  s [ǀ] etc.
• dental lateral clicks [ǁ̪] etc.
• dental ejective
  Dental ejective
  The dental ejective is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is .-Features:Features of the dental ejective:-Occurrence:...
  
   [t̪ʼ]
• dental nasal
  Dental nasal
  The dental nasal is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is .-Features:Features of the dental nasal:- Occurrence :...
  
   [n̪]
• voiced dental fricative
  Voiced dental fricative
  The voiced dental non-sibilant fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound, eth, is . The symbol was taken from the Old English letter eth, which could stand for either a voiced or unvoiced...
  
   [ð] (this)
• voiced dental implosive [ɗ̪]
• voiced dental plosive
  Voiced dental plosive
  The voiced dental plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is...
  
   [d̪]
• voiceless bidental fricative
  Voiceless bidental fricative
  The voiceless bidental non-sibilant fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The only natural language known to use it is the Shapsug dialect of Adyghe...
  
  
• voiceless dental fricative
  Voiceless dental fricative
  The voiceless dental non-sibilant fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. It is familiar to English speakers as the 'th' in thing. Though rather rare as a phoneme in the world's inventory of languages, it is encountered in some of the most widespread and influential...
  
   [θ] (thing)
• voiceless dental plosive
  Voiceless dental plosive
  The voiceless dental plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is t_d...
  
   [t̪]
• bidental percussive [ʭ]

Alveolar consonant

Alveolar consonant

Alveolar consonants are articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior alveolar ridge, which is called that because it contains the alveoli of the superior teeth...

s

• alveolar lateral clicks [ǁ] etc.
• alveolar approximant [ɹ] (red)
• alveolar ejective
  Alveolar ejective
  The alveolar ejective is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is .-Features:Features of the aveolar ejective:-Occurrence:...
  
   [tʼ]
• alveolar ejective fricative
  Alveolar ejective fricative
  The alveolar ejective fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is sʼ.-Features:Features of the alveolar ejective fricative:-Occurrence:...
  
   [sʼ]
• alveolar flap [ɾ]
• alveolar lateral approximant
  Alveolar lateral approximant
  The alveolar lateral approximant, also known as clear l, is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents dental, alveolar, and postalveolar lateral approximants is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is l.As a...
  
   [l] (lead)
• alveolar lateral flap [ɺ]
• alveolar nasal
  Alveolar nasal
  The alveolar nasal is a type of consonantal sound used in numerous spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents dental, alveolar, and postalveolar nasals is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is n....
  
   [n] (none)
• alveolar trill
  Alveolar trill
  The alveolar trill is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents dental, alveolar, and postalveolar trills is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is r. It is commonly called the rolled R, rolling R, or trilled R...
  
   [r]
• velarized alveolar lateral approximant
  Velarized alveolar lateral approximant
  -See also:* Lateral consonant* Velarization* l-vocalization* Ł...
  
   [ɫ]
• voiced alveolar fricative
  Voiced alveolar fricative
  The voiced alveolar fricatives are consonantal sounds. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents these sounds depends on whether a sibilant or non-sibilant fricative is being described....
  
   [z] (zoo)
• voiced alveolar implosive [ɗ]
• voiced alveolar lateral fricative [ɮ]
• voiced alveolar plosive
  Voiced alveolar plosive
  The voiced alveolar plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiced dental, alveolar, and postalveolar plosives is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is d.-Features:Features of the voiced...
  
   [d] (done)
• voiced alveolar affricate
  Voiced alveolar affricate
  The voiced alveolar affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The sound is transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet with ⟨⟩ or ⟨⟩ , and the equivalent X-SAMPA representation is ⟨dz⟩.-Features:...
  
   d͡z
• voiceless alveolar grooved fricative [s] (son)
• voiceless alveolar retroflex fricative [s̱]
• voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative
  Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative
  The voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative is a consonantal sound. As the International Phonetic Alphabet does not have separate symbols for the alveolar consonants , this sound is usually represented by , , or...
  
   [θ̱]
• voiceless alveolar lateral fricative
  Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative
  The voiceless alveolar lateral fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiceless dental, alveolar, and postalveolar fricatives is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is K...
  
   [ɬ]
• voiceless alveolar plosive
  Voiceless alveolar plosive
  The voiceless alveolar plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiceless dental, alveolar, and postalveolar plosives is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is t...
  
   [t] (ton)
• voiceless alveolar affricate
  Voiceless alveolar affricate
  The voiceless alveolar affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The sound is transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet with ⟨⟩ or ⟨⟩ . The voiceless alveolar affricate occurs in such languages as German, Cantonese, Italian, Russian, Japanese and Mandarin...
  
   t͡s
• voiceless alveolar lateral affricate
  Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate
  The voiceless alveolar lateral affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet is , and in Americanist phonetic notation it is .-Features:...
  
   [t͡ɬ]
• ejective alveolar lateral affricate [t͡ɬʼ]
• voiced alveolar lateral affricate
  Voiced alveolar lateral affricate
  The voiced alveolar lateral affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet is...
  
   [d͡ɮ]

Postalveolar consonant

Postalveolar consonant

Postalveolar consonants are consonants articulated with the tongue near or touching the back of the alveolar ridge, further back in the mouth than the alveolar consonants, which are at the ridge itself, but not as far back as the hard palate...

s

• (post)alveolar clicks
  Postalveolar click
  The alveolar or postalveolar clicks are a family of click consonants found only in Africa and in the Damin ritual jargon of Australia.The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the place of articulation of these sounds is...
  
   [ǃ] etc.
• voiced palato-alveolar affricate [dʒ] (jug)
• voiced palato-alveolar fricative [ʒ] (vision)
• voiceless palato-alveolar affricate [tʃ] (chip)
• voiceless palato-alveolar fricative [ʃ] (ship)

Palatalized postalveolar consonants

Alveolo-palatal consonant

In phonetics, alveolo-palatal consonants are palatalized postalveolar sounds, usually fricatives and affricates, articulated with the blade of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge, and the body of the tongue raised toward the palate...

• voiced palatalized postalveolar fricative [ʑ]
• voiceless palatalized postalveolar fricative [ɕ]
• voiced palatalized postalveolar affricate [d̠͡ʑ]
• voiceless palatalized postalveolar affricate [t̠͡ɕ]

Retroflex consonant

Retroflex consonant

A retroflex consonant is a coronal consonant where the tongue has a flat, concave, or even curled shape, and is articulated between the alveolar ridge and the hard palate. They are sometimes referred to as cerebral consonants, especially in Indology...

s

• retroflex click
  Retroflex click
  The retroflex clicks are a family of click consonants found only in central Juu dialects of Namibia and in the Damin ritual jargon of Australia...
  
  s [ǃ˞] etc.
• retroflex approximant [ɻ]
• retroflex flap [ɽ]
• retroflex lateral flap
  Retroflex lateral flap
  The retroflex lateral flap is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. It has no symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet, but an ad hoc symbol may be easily created .-Features:Features of the retroflex flap:...
  
   []
• retroflex lateral approximant [ɭ]
• voiceless retroflex lateral fricative
  Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative
  The voiceless retroflex lateral fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The IPA has no officially recognized symbol for this sound...
  
   []
• retroflex nasal [ɳ]
• voiced retroflex fricative [ʐ]
• voiced retroflex plosive
  Voiced retroflex plosive
  The voiced retroflex plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is d`. The IPA symbol is a lowercase letter d with a rightward-pointing tail protruding...
  
   [ɖ]
• voiced retroflex affricate
  Voiced retroflex affricate
  The voiced retroflex affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound are , sometimes simplified to ,...
  
   [ɖ͡ʐ]
• voiceless retroflex fricative [ʂ]
• voiceless retroflex plosive
  Voiceless retroflex plosive
  -External links:*...
  
   [ʈ]
• voiceless retroflex affricate
  Voiceless retroflex affricate
  The voiceless retroflex affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound are , sometimes simplified to , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is ts`....
  
   [ʈ͡ʂ],

Palatal consonant

Palatal consonant

Palatal consonants are consonants articulated with the body of the tongue raised against the hard palate...

s

• palatal click
  Palatal click
  The palato-alveolar clicks are a family of click consonants found only in Africa. They are commonly called palatal clicks.The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the place of articulation of these sounds is , a pipe...
  
  s [ǂ] etc.
• palatal approximant
  Palatal approximant
  The palatal approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is '...
  
   [j] (yes)
• palatal ejective
  Palatal ejective
  The palatal ejective is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is c_>.-Features:Features of the palatal ejective:...
  
   [cʼ]
• palatal lateral approximant
  Palatal lateral approximant
  The palatal lateral approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , a rotated lowercase letter ⟨y⟩ , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is L.-Features:Features of the palatal lateral...
  
   [ʎ]
• voiceless palatal lateral fricative
  Voiceless palatal lateral fricative
  The voiceless palatal lateral fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in a few spoken languages.This is a rare sound. Dahalo has both a palatal lateral fricative and an affricate; Hadza has a series of affricates. In Bura is the realization of palatalized and contrasts with .The IPA has no...
  
   []
• palatal nasal
  Palatal nasal
  The palatal nasal is a type of consonant, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , a lowercase letter n with a leftward-pointing tail protruding from the bottom of the left stem of the letter. The equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is J...
  
   [ɲ]
• voiced palatal fricative [ʝ]
• voiced palatal implosive
  Voiced palatal implosive
  The voiced palatal implosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is J\_<...
  
   [ʄ]
• voiced palatal plosive
  Voiced palatal plosive
  The voiced palatal plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨⟩, a barred dotless ⟨j⟩ , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is J\.The sound does not exist as a phoneme in English, but is...
  
   [ɟ]
• voiceless palatal fricative
  Voiceless palatal fricative
  The voiceless palatal fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is . The symbol ç is the letter c with a cedilla, as used to spell French words such as façade...
  
   [ç] (human, but not hum)
• voiceless palatal plosive
  Voiceless palatal plosive
  The voiceless palatal plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is c....
  
   [c]
• voiceless palatal lateral affricate
  Voiceless palatal lateral affricate
  The voiceless palatal lateral affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet is or .-Features:Features of the voiceless alveolar lateral affricate:-Occurrence:...
  
   [c͡]
• ejective palatal lateral affricate [c͡ʼ]

labialized palatal consonants

• labialized palatal approximant
  Labial-palatal approximant
  The labialized palatal approximant, also called the labial–palatal or labio-palatal approximant, is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. It has two constrictions in the vocal tract: with the tongue on the palate, and rounded at the lips. The symbol in the International...
  
   [ɥ]

Velar consonant

Velar consonant

Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue against the soft palate, the back part of the roof of the mouth, known also as the velum)....

s

• velar approximant [ɰ]
• velar ejective
  Velar ejective
  The velar ejective is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is kʼ.-Features:Features of the velar ejective:-Occurs in:...
  
   [kʼ]
• velar lateral approximant [ʟ]
• voiceless velar lateral fricative
  Voiceless velar lateral fricative
  The voiceless velar lateral fricative is a very rare speech sound. As one element of an affricate, it is found for example in Zulu and Xhosa. However, a simple fricative has only been reported from a few languages in the Caucasus and New Guinea....
  
   []
• voiced velar fricative
  Voiced velar fricative
  The voiced velar fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in various spoken languages. It is not found in English today, but did exist in Old English...
  
   [ɣ]
• voiced velar implosive
  Voiced velar implosive
  The voiced velar implosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is g_<.-Occurrence:...
  
   [ɠ]
• voiced velar plosive
  Voiced velar plosive
  The voiced velar plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is g. Strictly, the IPA symbol is the so-called "opentail G" , though the "looptail G" is...
  
   [ɡ] (get)
• voiceless velar fricative
  Voiceless velar fricative
  The voiceless velar fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The sound was part of the consonant inventory of Old English and can still be found in some dialects of English, most notably in Scottish English....
  
   [x]
• voiceless velar plosive
  Voiceless velar plosive
  The voiceless velar stop or voiceless velar plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is k....
  
   [k] (kick, cat)
• ejective velar lateral affricate
  Ejective velar lateral affricate
  The velar lateral ejective affricate is a rare type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ....
  
   [k͡ʼ]

labialized velar consonants

Labial-velar consonant

Labial–velar consonants are doubly articulated at the velum and the lips. They are sometimes called "labiovelar consonants", a term that can also refer to labialized velars, such as and the approximant ....

• voiced labialized velar approximant [w] (witch)
• voiceless labialized velar approximant [ʍ] (which)

Uvular consonant

Uvular consonant

Uvulars are consonants articulated with the back of the tongue against or near the uvula, that is, further back in the mouth than velar consonants. Uvulars may be plosives, fricatives, nasal stops, trills, or approximants, though the IPA does not provide a separate symbol for the approximant, and...

s

• uvular ejective
  Uvular ejective
  The uvular ejective is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is .-Features:Features of the uvular ejective:-Occurrence:One ejective...
  
   [qʼ]
• uvular nasal [ɴ]
• uvular trill
  Uvular trill
  The uvular trill is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , a small capital R...
  
   [ʀ]
• voiced uvular fricative [ʁ]
• voiced uvular implosive
  Voiced uvular implosive
  The voiced uvular implosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , a small capital letter G with a rightward pointing hook extending from the upper right of the letter.-Occurrence:-Fun Fact:The...
  
   [ʛ]
• voiced uvular plosive [ɢ]
• voiceless uvular fricative [χ]
• voiceless uvular plosive [q]

Pharyngeal consonant

Pharyngeal consonant

A pharyngeal consonant is a type of consonant which is articulated with the root of the tongue against the pharynx.-Pharyngeal consonants in the IPA:Pharyngeal consonants in the International Phonetic Alphabet :...

s

• voiced pharyngeal fricative
  Voiced pharyngeal fricative
  The voiced pharyngeal approximant or fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents it is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is ?\....
  
   [ʕ]
• voiceless pharyngeal fricative
  Voiceless pharyngeal fricative
  The voiceless pharyngeal fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is h-bar .-Features:Features of the voiceless pharyngeal fricative:...
  
   [ħ]

Epiglottal consonant

Epiglottal consonant

An epiglottal consonant is a consonant that is articulated with the aryepiglottic folds against the epiglottis. They are occasionally called aryepiglottal consonants.-Epiglottal consonants in the IPA:...

s

• epiglottal plosive
  Epiglottal plosive
  The epiglottal plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is .-Features:Features of the epiglottal plosive:...
  
   [ʡ]
• voiced epiglottal fricative [ʢ]
• voiceless epiglottal fricative [ʜ]

Glottal consonant

Glottal consonant

Glottal consonants, also called laryngeal consonants, are consonants articulated with the glottis. Many phoneticians consider them, or at least the so-called fricative, to be transitional states of the glottis without a point of articulation as other consonants have; in fact, some do not consider...

s

• murmured glottal fricative or transition [ɦ]
• voiceless glottal fricative or transition
  Voiceless glottal fricative
  The voiceless glottal transition, commonly called a "fricative", is a type of sound used in some spoken languages which patterns like a fricative or approximant consonant phonologically, but often lacks the usual phonetic characteristics of a consonant...
  
   [h] (hat)
• glottal plosive
  Glottal stop
  The glottal stop, or more fully, the voiceless glottal plosive, is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages. In English, the feature is represented, for example, by the hyphen in uh-oh! and by the apostrophe or [[ʻokina]] in Hawaii among those using a preservative pronunciation of...
  
   [ʔ]

Nasal consonant

Nasal consonant

A nasal consonant is a type of consonant produced with a lowered velum in the mouth, allowing air to escape freely through the nose. Examples of nasal consonants in English are and , in words such as nose and mouth.- Definition :...

s

• alveolar nasal
  Alveolar nasal
  The alveolar nasal is a type of consonantal sound used in numerous spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents dental, alveolar, and postalveolar nasals is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is n....
  
   [n]
• bilabial nasal
  Bilabial nasal
  The bilabial nasal is a type of consonantal sound used in almost all spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is m...
  
   [m]
• dental nasal
  Dental nasal
  The dental nasal is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is .-Features:Features of the dental nasal:- Occurrence :...
  
   [n̪]
• labiodental nasal [ɱ]
• palatal nasal
  Palatal nasal
  The palatal nasal is a type of consonant, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , a lowercase letter n with a leftward-pointing tail protruding from the bottom of the left stem of the letter. The equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is J...
  
   [ɲ]
• retroflex nasal [ɳ]
• uvular nasal [ɴ]
• velar nasal
  Velar nasal
  The velar nasal is the sound of ng in English sing. It is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is N....
  
   [ŋ]

Plosive (stop) consonant

Stop consonant

In phonetics, a plosive, also known as an occlusive or an oral stop, is a stop consonant in which the vocal tract is blocked so that all airflow ceases. The occlusion may be done with the tongue , lips , and &...

s

• epiglottal plosive
  Epiglottal plosive
  The epiglottal plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is .-Features:Features of the epiglottal plosive:...
  
   [ʡ]
• voiced alveolar plosive
  Voiced alveolar plosive
  The voiced alveolar plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiced dental, alveolar, and postalveolar plosives is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is d.-Features:Features of the voiced...
  
   [d]
• voiced bilabial plosive
  Voiced bilabial plosive
  The voiced bilabial plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is b. The voiced bilabial plosive occurs in English, and it is the sound denoted by the...
  
   [b]
• voiced dental plosive
  Voiced dental plosive
  The voiced dental plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is...
  
   [d̪]
• voiced palatal plosive
  Voiced palatal plosive
  The voiced palatal plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨⟩, a barred dotless ⟨j⟩ , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is J\.The sound does not exist as a phoneme in English, but is...
  
   [ɟ]
• voiced retroflex plosive
  Voiced retroflex plosive
  The voiced retroflex plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is d`. The IPA symbol is a lowercase letter d with a rightward-pointing tail protruding...
  
   [ɖ]
• voiced uvular plosive [ɢ]
• voiced velar plosive
  Voiced velar plosive
  The voiced velar plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is g. Strictly, the IPA symbol is the so-called "opentail G" , though the "looptail G" is...
  
   [ɡ]
• voiceless alveolar plosive
  Voiceless alveolar plosive
  The voiceless alveolar plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiceless dental, alveolar, and postalveolar plosives is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is t...
  
   [t]
• voiceless bilabial plosive
  Voiceless bilabial plosive
  The voiceless bilabial plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is p...
  
   [p]
• voiceless dental plosive
  Voiceless dental plosive
  The voiceless dental plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is t_d...
  
   [t̪]
• voiceless glottal plosive [ʔ]
• voiceless palatal plosive
  Voiceless palatal plosive
  The voiceless palatal plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is c....
  
   [c]
• voiceless retroflex plosive
  Voiceless retroflex plosive
  -External links:*...
  
   [ʈ]
• voiceless uvular plosive [q]
• voiceless velar plosive
  Voiceless velar plosive
  The voiceless velar stop or voiceless velar plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is k....
  
   [k]

Fricative consonant

Fricative consonant

Fricatives are consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together. These may be the lower lip against the upper teeth, in the case of ; the back of the tongue against the soft palate, in the case of German , the final consonant of Bach; or...

s

• alveolar ejective fricative
  Alveolar ejective fricative
  The alveolar ejective fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is sʼ.-Features:Features of the alveolar ejective fricative:-Occurrence:...
  
   [sʼ]
• voiced alveolar fricative
  Voiced alveolar fricative
  The voiced alveolar fricatives are consonantal sounds. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents these sounds depends on whether a sibilant or non-sibilant fricative is being described....
  
   [z]
• voiced alveolar lateral fricative [ɮ]
• voiced alveolo-palatal fricative [ʑ]
• voiced bilabial fricative
  Voiced bilabial fricative
  -See also:* List of phonetics topics...
  
   [β]
• voiced dental fricative
  Voiced dental fricative
  The voiced dental non-sibilant fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound, eth, is . The symbol was taken from the Old English letter eth, which could stand for either a voiced or unvoiced...
  
   [ð]
• voiced epiglottal fricative [ʢ]
• voiced glottal fricative [ɦ]
• voiced labiodental fricative
  Voiced labiodental fricative
  The voiced labiodental fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is v....
  
   [v]
• voiced palatal fricative [ʝ]
• voiced pharyngeal fricative
  Voiced pharyngeal fricative
  The voiced pharyngeal approximant or fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents it is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is ?\....
  
   [ʕ]
• voiced postalveolar fricative
  Voiced postalveolar fricative
  The voiced palato-alveolar fricative or voiced domed postalveolar fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is Z. An alternative symbol used in some...
  
   [ʒ]
• voiced retroflex fricative [ʐ]
• voiced uvular fricative [ʁ]
• voiced velar fricative
  Voiced velar fricative
  The voiced velar fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in various spoken languages. It is not found in English today, but did exist in Old English...
  
   [ɣ]
• voiceless alveolar fricative
  Voiceless alveolar fricative
  The voiceless alveolar sibilant is a common consonant sound in spoken languages. It is the sound in English words such as sea and pass, and is represented in the International Phonetic Alphabet as . It has a characteristic high-pitched, highly perceptible hissing sound...
  
   [s]
• voiceless alveolar lateral fricative
  Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative
  The voiceless alveolar lateral fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiceless dental, alveolar, and postalveolar fricatives is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is K...
  
   [ɬ]
• voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative [ɕ]
• voiceless bilabial fricative
  Voiceless bilabial fricative
  -See also:* List of phonetics topics...
  
   [ɸ]
• voiceless dental fricative
  Voiceless dental fricative
  The voiceless dental non-sibilant fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. It is familiar to English speakers as the 'th' in thing. Though rather rare as a phoneme in the world's inventory of languages, it is encountered in some of the most widespread and influential...
  
   [θ]
• voiceless epiglottal fricative [ʜ]
• voiceless glottal fricative
  Voiceless glottal fricative
  The voiceless glottal transition, commonly called a "fricative", is a type of sound used in some spoken languages which patterns like a fricative or approximant consonant phonologically, but often lacks the usual phonetic characteristics of a consonant...
  
   [h]
• voiceless labiodental fricative
  Voiceless labiodental fricative
  The voiceless labiodental fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is .-Features:Features of the voiceless labiodental fricative:...
  
   [f]
• voiceless palatal fricative
  Voiceless palatal fricative
  The voiceless palatal fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is . The symbol ç is the letter c with a cedilla, as used to spell French words such as façade...
  
   [ç]
• voiceless palatal-velar fricative
  Voiceless palatal-velar fricative
  In Swedish phonology, the sj-sound is a voiceless fricative phoneme found in most dialects. It has a variety of realisations, whose precise phonetic characterisation is a matter of debate...
  
   [ɧ]
• voiceless pharyngeal fricative
  Voiceless pharyngeal fricative
  The voiceless pharyngeal fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is h-bar .-Features:Features of the voiceless pharyngeal fricative:...
  
   [ħ]
• voiceless postalveolar fricative
  Voiceless postalveolar fricative
  The voiceless palato-alveolar fricative or voiceless domed postalveolar fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in many spoken languages, including English...
  
   [ʃ]
• voiceless retroflex fricative [ʂ]
• voiceless uvular fricative [χ]
• voiceless velar fricative
  Voiceless velar fricative
  The voiceless velar fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The sound was part of the consonant inventory of Old English and can still be found in some dialects of English, most notably in Scottish English....
  
   [x]

Affricate consonant

Affricate consonant

Affricates are consonants that begin as stops but release as a fricative rather than directly into the following vowel.- Samples :...

s

• voiced postalveolar affricate
  Voiced postalveolar affricate
  The voiced palato-alveolar affricate, also described as voiced domed postalveolar affricate, is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The sound is transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet with ⟨⟩ , and the equivalent X-SAMPA representation is ⟨dZ⟩...
  
   [dʒ]
• voiceless postalveolar affricate
  Voiceless postalveolar affricate
  The voiceless palato-alveolar affricate or domed postalveolar affricate is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The sound is transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet with ⟨⟩ or ⟨⟩...
  
   [tʃ]
• voiceless alveolar affricate
  Voiceless alveolar affricate
  The voiceless alveolar affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The sound is transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet with ⟨⟩ or ⟨⟩ . The voiceless alveolar affricate occurs in such languages as German, Cantonese, Italian, Russian, Japanese and Mandarin...
  
   [ts]

Approximant consonant

Approximant consonant

Approximants are speech sounds that involve the articulators approaching each other but not narrowly enough or with enough articulatory precision to create turbulent airflow. Therefore, approximants fall between fricatives, which do produce a turbulent airstream, and vowels, which produce no...

s

• alveolar approximant [ɹ]
• alveolar lateral approximant
  Alveolar lateral approximant
  The alveolar lateral approximant, also known as clear l, is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents dental, alveolar, and postalveolar lateral approximants is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is l.As a...
  
   [l]
• bilabial approximant [β̞]
• labio-palatal approximant [ɥ]
• labio-velar approximant (voiced) [w]
• labio-velar approximant (voiceless) [ʍ]
• labiodental approximant
  Labiodental approximant
  The labiodental approximant is a type of consonantal sound, similar to an English double-u pronounced with the teeth and lips held in the position used to articulate the letter vee, used in some spoken languages...
  
   [ʋ]
• palatal approximant
  Palatal approximant
  The palatal approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is '...
  
   [j]
• palatal lateral approximant
  Palatal lateral approximant
  The palatal lateral approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , a rotated lowercase letter ⟨y⟩ , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is L.-Features:Features of the palatal lateral...
  
   [ʎ]
• retroflex approximant [ɻ]
• retroflex lateral approximant [ɭ]
• velar approximant [ɰ]
• velar lateral approximant [ʟ]
• velarized alveolar lateral approximant
  Velarized alveolar lateral approximant
  -See also:* Lateral consonant* Velarization* l-vocalization* Ł...
  
   [ɫ]

Flap (tap) consonant

Flap consonant

In phonetics, a flap or tap is a type of consonantal sound, which is produced with a single contraction of the muscles so that one articulator is thrown against another.-Contrast with stops and trills:...

s

• alveolar flap [ɾ]
• alveolar lateral flap [ɺ]
• retroflex flap [ɽ]

Trill consonant

Trill consonant

In phonetics, a trill is a consonantal sound produced by vibrations between the articulator and the place of articulation. Standard Spanish <rr> as in perro is an alveolar trill, while in Parisian French it is almost always uvular....

s

• alveolar trill
  Alveolar trill
  The alveolar trill is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents dental, alveolar, and postalveolar trills is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is r. It is commonly called the rolled R, rolling R, or trilled R...
  
   [r]
• bilabial trill
  Bilabial trill
  -External links:*...
  
   [ʙ]
• uvular trill
  Uvular trill
  The uvular trill is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , a small capital R...
  
   [ʀ]

Ejective consonant

Ejective consonant

In phonetics, ejective consonants are voiceless consonants that are pronounced with simultaneous closure of the glottis. In the phonology of a particular language, ejectives may contrast with aspirated or tenuis consonants...

s

• alveolar ejective fricative
  Alveolar ejective fricative
  The alveolar ejective fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is sʼ.-Features:Features of the alveolar ejective fricative:-Occurrence:...
  
   [sʼ]
• alveolar ejective
  Alveolar ejective
  The alveolar ejective is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is .-Features:Features of the aveolar ejective:-Occurrence:...
  
   [tʼ]
• bilabial ejective
  Bilabial ejective
  The bilabial ejective is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is pʼ.-Features:Features of the bilabial ejective:-Occurrence:...
  
   [pʼ]
• dental ejective
  Dental ejective
  The dental ejective is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is .-Features:Features of the dental ejective:-Occurrence:...
  
   [t̪ʼ]
• palatal ejective
  Palatal ejective
  The palatal ejective is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is c_>.-Features:Features of the palatal ejective:...
  
   [cʼ]
• uvular ejective
  Uvular ejective
  The uvular ejective is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is .-Features:Features of the uvular ejective:-Occurrence:One ejective...
  
   [qʼ]
• velar ejective
  Velar ejective
  The velar ejective is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is kʼ.-Features:Features of the velar ejective:-Occurs in:...
  
   [kʼ]

Implosive consonant

Implosive consonant

Implosive consonants are stops with a mixed glottalic ingressive and pulmonic egressive airstream mechanism. That is, the airstream is controlled by moving the glottis downward in addition to expelling air from the lungs. Therefore, unlike the purely glottalic ejective consonants, implosives can...

s

• voiced alveolar implosive [ɗ]
• voiced bilabial implosive [ɓ]
• voiced dental implosive [ɗ̪]
• voiced palatal implosive
  Voiced palatal implosive
  The voiced palatal implosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is J\_<...
  
   [ʄ]
• voiced uvular implosive
  Voiced uvular implosive
  The voiced uvular implosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , a small capital letter G with a rightward pointing hook extending from the upper right of the letter.-Occurrence:-Fun Fact:The...
  
   [ʛ]
• voiced velar implosive
  Voiced velar implosive
  The voiced velar implosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is g_<.-Occurrence:...
  
   [ɠ]

Click consonant

Click consonant

Clicks are speech sounds found as consonants in many languages of southern Africa, and in three languages of East Africa. Examples of these sounds familiar to English speakers are the tsk! tsk! or tut-tut used to express disapproval or pity, the tchick! used to spur on a horse, and the...

s

• bilabial click
  Bilabial click
  The bilabial clicks are a family of click consonants that sound something like a smack of the lips. They are found as phonemes only in the small Tuu language family, in the language of Botswana, and in the extinct Damin ritual jargon of Australia....
  
  s [ʘ] etc.
• labiodental clicks [ʘ̪] etc.
• dental click
  Dental click
  Dental clicks are a family of click consonants found, as constituents of words, only in Africa and in the Damin ritual jargon of Australia. The tut-tut! or tsk! tsk! sound used to express disapproval or pity is a dental click, although it isn't a speech sound in that context.The symbol in the...
  
  s [ǀ] etc.
• dental lateral clicks [ǁ̪] etc.
• (post)alveolar clicks
  Postalveolar click
  The alveolar or postalveolar clicks are a family of click consonants found only in Africa and in the Damin ritual jargon of Australia.The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the place of articulation of these sounds is...
  
   [ǃ] etc.
• alveolar lateral clicks [ǁ] etc.
• retroflex click
  Retroflex click
  The retroflex clicks are a family of click consonants found only in central Juu dialects of Namibia and in the Damin ritual jargon of Australia...
  
  s [ǃ˞] etc.
• palatal click
  Palatal click
  The palato-alveolar clicks are a family of click consonants found only in Africa. They are commonly called palatal clicks.The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the place of articulation of these sounds is , a pipe...
  
  s [ǂ] etc.

Percussive consonants

• bilabial percussive [ʬ]
• bidental percussive [ʭ]