List of state leaders in 1953
Encyclopedia
1952 state leaders - Events of 1953 - 1954 state leaders - State leaders by year
Egypt
Africa
Egypt
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- the Kingdom of EgyptKingdom of EgyptThe Kingdom of Egypt was the first modern Egyptian state, lasting from 1922 to 1953. The Kingdom was created in 1922 when the British government unilaterally ended its protectorate over Egypt, in place since 1914. Sultan Fuad I became the first king of the new state...
was superseded by the Republic of EgyptEgyptEgypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...
on 18 June 1953 - Monarch - Fuad IIFuad II of EgyptFuad II was the last King of Egypt and Sudan.- Biography :He ascended the throne on 26 July 1952 upon the abdication of his father King Farouk I following the Egyptian Revolution of 1952...
, King of Egypt and the Sudan (1952–1953) - Regent - Prince Muhammad Abdel Moneim, Chairman of the Council of Regency of Egypt (1952–1953)
- President - Muhammad NaguibMuhammad NaguibMuhammad Naguib was the first President of Egypt, serving from the declaration of the Republic on June 18, 1953 to November 14, 1954. Along with Gamal Abdel Nasser, he was the primary leader of the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, which ended the rule of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty in Egypt and Sudan...
, President of EgyptPresident of EgyptThe President of the Arab Republic of Egypt is the head of state of Egypt.Under the Constitution of Egypt, the president is also the supreme commander of the armed forces and head of the executive branch of the Egyptian government....
(1953–1954) - Prime Minister - Muhammad NaguibMuhammad NaguibMuhammad Naguib was the first President of Egypt, serving from the declaration of the Republic on June 18, 1953 to November 14, 1954. Along with Gamal Abdel Nasser, he was the primary leader of the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, which ended the rule of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty in Egypt and Sudan...
, Prime Minister of EgyptPrime Minister of EgyptThe Prime Minister of Egypt is the head of the Egyptian government. According to the constitution, the prime minister is the leader of the largest political party in the Egyptian Parliament....
(1952–1954)
- the Kingdom of Egypt
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Ethiopian Empire
- Monarch - Haile Selassie I, Emperor of EthiopiaEmperor of EthiopiaThe Emperor of Ethiopia was the hereditary ruler of Ethiopia until the abolition of the monarchy in 1974. The Emperor was the head of state and head of government, with ultimate executive, judicial and legislative power in that country...
(1941–1974) - Prime Minister - Makonnen EndelkachewMakonnen EndelkachewRas Betwoded Makonnen Endelkachew was an Ethiopian aristocrat and Prime Minister under Emperor Haile Selassie. Makonnen was born in Addisge, the nephew of the noted Shewan general and politician Ras Betwoded Tessema Nadew, who introduced him to Emperor Menilek II...
, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1942–1957)
- Monarch - Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia
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Liberia
- President - William TubmanWilliam TubmanWilliam Vacanarat Shadrach Tubman was a Liberian politician. He was the 19th President of Liberia from 1944 until his death in 1971....
, President of Liberia (1944–1971) LibyaKingdom of LibyaThe Kingdom of Libya, originally called the United Libyan Kingdom came into existence upon independence on 24 December 1951 and lasted until a coup d'état led by Muammar Gaddafi on 1 September 1969 overthrew King Idris of Libya and established the Libyan Arab Republic.- Constitution :Under the... - Monarch - Idris, King of Libya (1951–1969)
- Prime Minister - Mahmud al-MuntasirMahmud al-MuntasirMahmud al-Muntasir was the first Prime minister of Libya from 29 March 1951 to 19 February 1954, and his second term was from 20 January 1964 to 20 March 1965...
, Prime Minister of Libya (1951–1954)
- President - William Tubman
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Union of South Africa
- Monarch - Elizabeth IIElizabeth II of the United KingdomElizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
, Queen of South Africa (1952–1961) - Governor-General - Ernest George JansenErnest George JansenErnest George Jansen was the second-last Governor-General of the Union of South Africa, holding office from 1950 to 1959.Born in 1881, he graduated with a law degree from the University of the Cape of Good Hope in 1905, and was admitted as an advocate in 1913.An ardent champion of Afrikaner...
, Governor-General of South Africa (1951–1959) - Prime Minister - Daniel François MalanDaniel François MalanDaniel François Malan , more commonly known as D.F. Malan, was the Prime Minister of South Africa from 1948 to 1954. He is seen as a champion of Afrikaner nationalism. His National Party government came to power on the program of apartheid and began its comprehensive implementation.- Biography...
, Prime Minister of South Africa (1948–1954)
- Monarch - Elizabeth II
Asia
AfghanistanKingdom of Afghanistan
The Kingdom of Afghanistan was an Islamic monarchy in south Central Asia established in 1926 as a successor state to the Emirate of Afghanistan, following the ascension to the throne by Amanullah Khan and his proclaming Afghanistan a kingdom in 1926, after 7 years on the throne...
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- Monarch - Mohammed Zahir ShahMohammed Zahir ShahMohammed Zahir Shah was the last King of Afghanistan, reigning for four decades, from 1933 until he was ousted by a coup in 1973...
, King of Afghanistan (1933–1973) - Prime Minister -
- Shah Mahmud Khan, Prime Minister of AfghanistanPrime Minister of AfghanistanThe Prime Minister of Afghanistan is a currently defunct post in the Afghan Government.The position was created in 1927, and was appointed by the king, mostly as an advisor, until the end of the monarchy in 1973...
(1946–1953) - Mohammed Daoud KhanMohammed Daoud KhanSardar Mohammed Daoud Khan or Daud Khan was Prime Minister of Afghanistan from 1953 to 1963 and later becoming the President of Afghanistan...
, Prime Minister of AfghanistanPrime Minister of AfghanistanThe Prime Minister of Afghanistan is a currently defunct post in the Afghan Government.The position was created in 1927, and was appointed by the king, mostly as an advisor, until the end of the monarchy in 1973...
(1953–1963)
- Shah Mahmud Khan, Prime Minister of Afghanistan
- Monarch - Mohammed Zahir Shah
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Bhutan
- Monarch - Jigme Dorji WangchuckJigme Dorji WangchuckJigme Dorji Wangchuck was the Third Druk Gyalpo of Bhutan.He began to open Bhutan to the outside world, began modernization, and took the first steps toward democratization...
, King of Bhutan (1952–1972) - Prime Minister - Jigme Palden DorjiJigme Palden DorjiJigme Palden Dorji was a Bhutanese politician and member of the Dorji family. By marriage, he was also a member of the House of Wangchuck....
, Prime Minister of Bhutan (1952–1964)
- Monarch - Jigme Dorji Wangchuck
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Myanmar
- President - Ba UBa UDr. Ba U was the 2nd President of Union of Burma and a lawyer, High Court judge, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Burma , and President of Burma from 16 March 1952 to 13 March 1957. He was a member of the Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League. Ba U served as a judge under British, Japanese and...
, President of BurmaPresident of BurmaThe President of Burma is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, and leads the executive branch of the Burmese government, and heads the Cabinet of Burma. The president is elected by members of parliament, not by the general population. The Presidential...
(1952–1957) - Prime Minister - U NuU NuFor other people with the Burmese name Nu, see Nu .U Nu was a leading Burmese nationalist and political figure of the 20th century...
, Prime Minister of Burma (1948–1956)
Cambodia - French protectorate of Cambodia gained independence on 9 November 1953, previously part of French IndochinaFrench IndochinaFrench Indochina was part of the French colonial empire in southeast Asia. A federation of the three Vietnamese regions, Tonkin , Annam , and Cochinchina , as well as Cambodia, was formed in 1887....
- Commissioner - Jean Risterucci, French Commissioner in Cambodia (1952–1953)
- Monarch - Norodom SihanoukNorodom SihanoukNorodom Sihanouk regular script was the King of Cambodia from 1941 to 1955 and again from 1993 until his semi-retirement and voluntary abdication on 7 October 2004 in favor of his son, the current King Norodom Sihamoni...
, King of Cambodia (1941–1955) - Prime Minister -
- Norodom SihanoukNorodom SihanoukNorodom Sihanouk regular script was the King of Cambodia from 1941 to 1955 and again from 1993 until his semi-retirement and voluntary abdication on 7 October 2004 in favor of his son, the current King Norodom Sihamoni...
, Prime Minister of CambodiaPrime Minister of CambodiaThe Prime Minister of Cambodia , is the head of government of the Kingdom of Cambodia. Prime Minister is appointed by the King under Article 119 of the Constitution and is responsible for leading the government of the Kingdom.-Constitutional powers:The powers of the Prime Minister are established...
(1952–1953) - Penn NouthPenn NouthSamdech Penn Nouth was a Cambodian politician. He served in the French colonial administration, then took active part in Cambodian politics, was several times a Prime Minister of Cambodia as part of the Sangkum regime of Prince Norodom Sihanouk...
, Prime Minister of CambodiaPrime Minister of CambodiaThe Prime Minister of Cambodia , is the head of government of the Kingdom of Cambodia. Prime Minister is appointed by the King under Article 119 of the Constitution and is responsible for leading the government of the Kingdom.-Constitutional powers:The powers of the Prime Minister are established...
(1953) - Chan NakChan NakChan Nak was the Prime Minister of Cambodia from 1953 to 1954. He was the second prime minister of an independent Cambodia, following Penn Nouth....
, Prime Minister of CambodiaPrime Minister of CambodiaThe Prime Minister of Cambodia , is the head of government of the Kingdom of Cambodia. Prime Minister is appointed by the King under Article 119 of the Constitution and is responsible for leading the government of the Kingdom.-Constitutional powers:The powers of the Prime Minister are established...
(1953–1954) CeylonDominion of CeylonThe Dominion of Ceylon, known today as Sri Lanka, was a dominion, in the British Empire between 1948 and 1972. In 1948, British Ceylon was granted independence as the Dominion of Ceylon. In 1972, the Dominion of Ceylon became a republic within the Commonwealth, and its name was changed to Sri Lanka...
- Norodom Sihanouk
- Monarch - Elizabeth IIElizabeth II of the United KingdomElizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
, Queen of CeylonCommonwealth RealmA Commonwealth realm is a sovereign state within the Commonwealth of Nations that has Elizabeth II as its monarch and head of state. The sixteen current realms have a combined land area of 18.8 million km² , and a population of 134 million, of which all, except about two million, live in the six...
(1952–1972) - Governors-General - Herwald Ramsbotham, Baron SoulburyHerwald Ramsbotham, 1st Viscount SoulburyHerwald Ramsbotham, 1st Viscount Soulbury GCMG, GCVO, OBE, MC, PC was a British Conservative politician. He was a government minister between 1931 and 1941 and served as Governor-General of Ceylon between 1949 and 1954....
, Governor-General of CeylonGovernor-General of CeylonThe Governor-General of Ceylon was the representative of the Ceylonese monarch, and head of state, who held the title of Queen of Ceylon from 1948 when the country became independent as a Dominion until the country became the republic of Sri Lanka in 1972.-Role:The monarch, on the advice of the...
(1949–1954) - Prime Minister -
- Dudley SenanayakeDudley SenanayakeDudley Shelton Senanayake was a Ceylonese politician, who became the second Prime Minister of Ceylon and went on to become prime minister on 2 more times during the 1950s and 1960s.-Early life:Dudley was born on 19 June, 1911 as the eldest son to Molly Dunuwila and Don Stephen Senanayake, who...
, Prime Minister of Ceylon (1952–1953) - Sir John KotelawalaJohn KotelawalaGeneral Sir John Lionel Kotelawala, KBE, CH, KStJ, CLI was a Sri Lankan soldier and politician, most notable for serving as the 3rd Prime Minister of Ceylon from 1953 to 1956....
, Prime Minister of Ceylon (1953–1956)
- Dudley Senanayake
- President - Ba U
- '
- Communist Party Leader - Mao ZedongMao ZedongMao Zedong, also transliterated as Mao Tse-tung , and commonly referred to as Chairman Mao , was a Chinese Communist revolutionary, guerrilla warfare strategist, Marxist political philosopher, and leader of the Chinese Revolution...
, Chairman of the Communist Party of ChinaChairman of the Communist Party of ChinaThe Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was the head of the Communist Party of China . In 1982, it was succeeded by the General Secretary of the Central Committee.-History and functions:...
(1935–1976) - Head of State - Mao ZedongMao ZedongMao Zedong, also transliterated as Mao Tse-tung , and commonly referred to as Chairman Mao , was a Chinese Communist revolutionary, guerrilla warfare strategist, Marxist political philosopher, and leader of the Chinese Revolution...
, Chairman of the People's Republic of China (1949–1959) - Premier - Zhou EnlaiZhou EnlaiZhou Enlai was the first Premier of the People's Republic of China, serving from October 1949 until his death in January 1976...
, Premier of the People's Republic of ChinaPremier of the People's Republic of ChinaThe Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China , sometimes also referred to as the "Prime Minister" informally, is the Leader of the State Council of the People's Republic of China , who is the head of government and holds the highest-ranking of the Civil service of the...
(1949–1976)
- Communist Party Leader - Mao Zedong
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India
- President - Rajendra PrasadRajendra PrasadDr. Rajendra Prasad was an Indian politician and educator. He was one of the architects of the Indian Republic, having drafted its first constitution and serving as the first president of independent India...
, President of IndiaPresident of IndiaThe President of India is the head of state and first citizen of India, as well as the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces. President of India is also the formal head of all the three branches of Indian Democracy - Legislature, Executive and Judiciary...
(1950–1962) - Prime Minister - Jawaharlal NehruJawaharlal NehruJawaharlal Nehru , often referred to with the epithet of Panditji, was an Indian statesman who became the first Prime Minister of independent India and became noted for his “neutralist” policies in foreign affairs. He was also one of the principal leaders of India’s independence movement in the...
, Prime Minister of IndiaPrime Minister of IndiaThe Prime Minister of India , as addressed to in the Constitution of India — Prime Minister for the Union, is the chief of government, head of the Council of Ministers and the leader of the majority party in parliament...
(1947–1964)
- President - Rajendra Prasad
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Indonesia
- President - SukarnoSukarnoSukarno, born Kusno Sosrodihardjo was the first President of Indonesia.Sukarno was the leader of his country's struggle for independence from the Netherlands and was Indonesia's first President from 1945 to 1967...
, President of Indonesia (1945–1967) - Prime Minister -
- WilopoWilopoWilopo was an Indonesian politician and member of the Indonesian National Party. He served as prime minister of Indonesia from April 1952 to June 1953.-References:...
, Prime Minister of Indonesia (1952–1953) - Ali SastroamidjojoAli SastroamidjojoAli Sastroamidjojo, was the 8th and 10th Prime Minister of Indonesia. He was born in Grabag, Central Java on May 21, 1903 and died in Jakarta, March 13, 1976.-References:...
, Prime Minister of Indonesia (1953–1955) IranPahlavi dynastyThe Pahlavi dynasty consisted of two Iranian/Persian monarchs, father and son Reza Shah Pahlavi and Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi The Pahlavi dynasty consisted of two Iranian/Persian monarchs, father and son Reza Shah Pahlavi (reg. 1925–1941) and Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi The Pahlavi dynasty ...
- Wilopo
- Monarch - Mohammad Reza PahlaviMohammad Reza PahlaviMohammad Rezā Shāh Pahlavi, Shah of Iran, Shah of Persia , ruled Iran from 16 September 1941 until his overthrow by the Iranian Revolution on 11 February 1979...
, Shah of IranPahlavi dynastyThe Pahlavi dynasty consisted of two Iranian/Persian monarchs, father and son Reza Shah Pahlavi and Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi The Pahlavi dynasty consisted of two Iranian/Persian monarchs, father and son Reza Shah Pahlavi (reg. 1925–1941) and Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi The Pahlavi dynasty ...
(1941–1979) - Prime Minister -
- Mohammad Mosaddegh, Prime Minister of IranPrime Minister of IranPrime Minister of Iran was a political post in Iran that had existed during several different periods of time starting with the Qajar era until its most recent revival from 1979 to 1989 following the Iranian Revolution.-Prime Ministers of Qajar era:In the Qajar era, prime ministers were known by...
(1952–1953) - Fazlollah ZahediFazlollah ZahediMohammad Fazlollah Zahedi was an Iranian general and statesman who replaced democratically elected Iranian Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadeq through a western-backed coup d'état, in which he played a major role.-Early years:Born in Hamedan in 1897, Fazlollah Zahedi was the son of Abol Hassan...
, Prime Minister of IranPrime Minister of IranPrime Minister of Iran was a political post in Iran that had existed during several different periods of time starting with the Qajar era until its most recent revival from 1979 to 1989 following the Iranian Revolution.-Prime Ministers of Qajar era:In the Qajar era, prime ministers were known by...
(1953–1955)
- Mohammad Mosaddegh, Prime Minister of Iran
- President - Sukarno
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Kingdom of Iraq
- Monarch - Faisal IIFaisal II of IraqFaisal II was the last King of Iraq. He reigned from 4 April 1939 until July 1958, when he was killed during the "14 July Revolution" together with several members of his family...
, King of Iraq (1939–1958) - Prime Minister -
- Nureddin MahmudNureddin MahmudNureddin Mahmud was an Iraqi statesman and military officer. He was a prime minister from 23 November 1952 until 29 January 1953.- References :...
, Prime Minister of IraqPrime Minister of IraqThe Prime Minister of Iraq is Iraq's head of government. Prime Minister was originally an appointed office, subsidiary to the head of state, and the nominal leader of the Iraqi parliament. Under the newly adopted constitution the Prime Minister is to be the country's active executive authority...
(1952–1953) - Jamil al-MidfaiJamil al-MidfaiJamil al-Midfai was an Iraqi politician. He served as that country's prime minister on five separate occasions:# November 9, 1933 – August 25, 1934# March 1, 1935 – March 16, 1935...
, Prime Minister of IraqPrime Minister of IraqThe Prime Minister of Iraq is Iraq's head of government. Prime Minister was originally an appointed office, subsidiary to the head of state, and the nominal leader of the Iraqi parliament. Under the newly adopted constitution the Prime Minister is to be the country's active executive authority...
(1953) - Muhammad Fadhel al-JamaliMuhammad Fadhel al-JamaliMuhammad Fadhel al-Jamali was an Iraqi politician, Iraqi foreign minister, and prime minister of Iraq from 1953 to 1954. In 1945, al-Jamali, as Iraqi Minister of Foreign Affairs, signed the United Nations Charter on behalf of his country.-Early life:Al-Jamali was born in Kadhimain, near Baghdad,...
, Prime Minister of IraqPrime Minister of IraqThe Prime Minister of Iraq is Iraq's head of government. Prime Minister was originally an appointed office, subsidiary to the head of state, and the nominal leader of the Iraqi parliament. Under the newly adopted constitution the Prime Minister is to be the country's active executive authority...
(1953–1954)
- Nureddin Mahmud
- Monarch - Faisal II
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Israel
- President - Yitzhak Ben-ZviYitzhak Ben-ZviYitzhak Ben-Zvi was a historian, Labor Zionist leader, the second and longest-serving President of Israel.-Biography:...
, President of IsraelPresident of IsraelThe President of the State of Israel is the head of state of Israel. The position is largely an apolitical ceremonial figurehead role, with the real executive power lying in the hands of the Prime Minister. The current president is Shimon Peres who took office on 15 July 2007...
(1952–1963) - Prime Minister - David Ben-GurionDavid Ben-Gurion' was the first Prime Minister of Israel.Ben-Gurion's passion for Zionism, which began early in life, led him to become a major Zionist leader and Executive Head of the World Zionist Organization in 1946...
, Prime Minister of IsraelPrime Minister of IsraelThe Prime Minister of Israel is the head of the Israeli government and the most powerful political figure in Israel . The prime minister is the country's chief executive. The official residence of the prime minister, Beit Rosh Hamemshala is in Jerusalem...
(1948–1954)
- President - Yitzhak Ben-Zvi
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Japan
- Monarch - HirohitoHirohito, posthumously in Japan officially called Emperor Shōwa or , was the 124th Emperor of Japan according to the traditional order, reigning from December 25, 1926, until his death in 1989. Although better known outside of Japan by his personal name Hirohito, in Japan he is now referred to...
, Emperor of JapanEmperor of JapanThe Emperor of Japan is, according to the 1947 Constitution of Japan, "the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people." He is a ceremonial figurehead under a form of constitutional monarchy and is head of the Japanese Imperial Family with functions as head of state. He is also the highest...
(1926–1989) - Prime Minister - Shigeru YoshidaShigeru Yoshida, KCVO was a Japanese diplomat and politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan from 1946 to 1947 and from 1948 to 1954.-Early life:...
, Prime Minister of JapanPrime Minister of JapanThe is the head of government of Japan. He is appointed by the Emperor of Japan after being designated by the Diet from among its members, and must enjoy the confidence of the House of Representatives to remain in office...
(1948–1954)
- Monarch - Hirohito
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Jordan
- Monarch - HusseinHussein of JordanHussein bin Talal was the third King of Jordan from the abdication of his father, King Talal, in 1952, until his death. Hussein's rule extended through the Cold War and four decades of Arab-Israeli conflict...
, King of Jordan (1952–1999) - Prime Minister -
- Tawfik Abu al-HudaTawfik Abu al-HudaTawfik Abu al-Huda served as prime minister of the Emirate of Transjordan from September 28, 1938 to October 15, 1944 and of Jordan from September 28, 1938 to October 15, 1944, from December 28, 1947 to April 12, 1950, from July 25, 1951 to May 5, 1953, and finally from May 4, 1954 to May 30, 1955...
, Prime Minister of Jordan (1951–1953) - Fawzi al-MulkiFawzi al-MulkiFawzi El-Mulki was a Jordanian diplomat and politician. While serving as ambassador to the United Kingdom in the early 1950s, he befriended King Hussein, whow was studying there. In 1953 Hussein appointed al-Mulki to be prime minister of Jordan. He was dismissed in 1954 after his liberal policies...
, Prime Minister of Jordan (1953–1954)
- Tawfik Abu al-Huda
- Monarch - Hussein
- '
- Communist Party Leader - Kim Il-sungKim Il-sungKim Il-sung was a Korean communist politician who led the Democratic People's Republic of Korea from its founding in 1948 until his death in 1994. He held the posts of Prime Minister from 1948 to 1972 and President from 1972 to his death...
, General Secretary of the Korean Workers' PartyWorkers' Party of KoreaThe Workers' Party of Korea is the ruling Communist party of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea , commonly known as North Korea. It is also called the Korean Workers' Party...
(1948–1994) - Head of State - Kim Tu-bongKim Tu-bongKim Tu-bong was a Korean linguist and politician. He formed the New People's Party. After the New People's Party merged into the Workers Party of North Korea in 1946, he became Chairman of the Workers Party. He was the first head of state of North Korea from 1948 to 1957...
, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of North KoreaPresident of North KoreaThe President of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea was established in the Constitution of North Korea, 1972. Until then, Kim Il-sung, the ruler of North Korea, used the posts Premier and General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea...
(1948–1957) - Premier - Kim Il-sungKim Il-sungKim Il-sung was a Korean communist politician who led the Democratic People's Republic of Korea from its founding in 1948 until his death in 1994. He held the posts of Prime Minister from 1948 to 1972 and President from 1972 to his death...
, Premier of North Korea (1948–1972)
- Communist Party Leader - Kim Il-sung
- '
- President - Syngman RheeSyngman RheeSyngman Rhee or Yi Seungman was the first president of South Korea. His presidency, from August 1948 to April 1960, remains controversial, affected by Cold War tensions on the Korean peninsula and elsewhere. Rhee was regarded as an anti-Communist and a strongman, and he led South Korea through the...
, President of South KoreaPresident of South KoreaThe President of the Republic of Korea is, according to the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, chief executive of the government, commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and the head of state of the Republic of Korea...
(1948–1960) - Prime Minister - Baek Du-jinBaek Du-jinBaek Du-jin was a South Korean politician. He was an acting prime minister before he became the fourth, and later the tenth, prime minister of South Korea.-References:...
, Prime Minister of South KoreaPrime Minister of South KoreaThe Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea is appointed by the President with the National Assembly's approval. Unlike prime ministers in the parliamentary system, the Prime Minister of South Korea is not required to be a member of parliament....
(1952–1954)
LaosKingdom of LaosThe Kingdom of Laos was a sovereign state from 1953 until December 1975, when Pathet Lao overthrew the government and created the Lao People's Democratic Republic. Given self-rule in 1949 as part of a federation with the rest of French Indochina, the 1953 Franco-Lao Treaty finally established a... - gained independence on 22 October 1953, previously part of French IndochinaFrench IndochinaFrench Indochina was part of the French colonial empire in southeast Asia. A federation of the three Vietnamese regions, Tonkin , Annam , and Cochinchina , as well as Cambodia, was formed in 1887....
- Commissioner -
- Robert Regnier, French Commissioner in Laos (1949–1953)
- Miguel de Pereyra, French Commissioner in Laos (1953)
- Monarch - Sisavang VongSisavang VongSisavang Phoulivong , was king of Kingdom of Luang Phrabang and later Kingdom of Laos from 28 April 1904 until his death on 20 October 1959.-Early life:...
, King of Laos (1946–1959) - Prime Minister - Prince Souvanna PhoumaSouvanna PhoumaPrince Souvanna Phouma was the leader of the neutralist faction and prime minister of the Kingdom of Laos several times, from 1951–1952, 1956–1958, 1960 and 1962-1975.-Early life:...
, Prime Minister of LaosPrime Minister of LaosThe Prime Minister of Laos is the head of government of the People's Democratic Republic of Laos.-Prime Ministers:-Trivia:Between December 1959 to December 1960, Laos had 6 different Prime Ministers, after being ousted by 6 different political coups....
(1951–1954)
- President - Syngman Rhee
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Lebanon
- President - Camille ChamounCamille ChamounCamille Nimr Chamoun was President of Lebanon from 1952 to 1958, and one of the country's main Christian leaders during most of the Lebanese Civil War ....
, President of Lebanon (1952–1958) - Prime Minister -
- Khaled Chehab, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1952–1953)
- Saeb SalamSaeb SalamSaeb Salam was a Lebanese politician, who served as Prime Minister four times between 1952 and 1973.Salam was the son of Salim Salam, the scion of a prominent Sunni Muslim family who was a prominent politician both under Ottoman rule and then during the French Mandate...
, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1953) - Abdallah El-YafiAbdallah El-YafiAbdallah El-Yafi was the Prime Minister of Lebanon 12 times between 1938 and 1969.-Early life and education:Abdallah El-Yafi was born in Beirut, Lebanon on September 7, 1901 into a Muslim Sunni family to parents Aref El-Yafi and Jamila Ostwani, a Damascene.Raised with two brothers, he first...
, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1953–1954) Mongolia
- Communist Party Leader - Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, General secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary PartyMongolian People's Revolutionary PartyThe Mongolian People's Party formerly the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party is an ex-communist political party in Mongolia. The party is abbreviated MPP in English and ' in Mongolian...
(1940–1954) - Head of State -
- Gonchigiin Bumtsend, Chairman of the Presidium of the State Little Hural of MongoliaPresident of MongoliaThe President of Mongolia is the head of state of Mongolia. The Constitution of Mongolia implements a parliamentary system, so while much of the President's role is ceremonial, he or she does wield significant political power.-Election:...
(1940–1953) - Sükhbaataryn Yanjmaa, Acting Chairman of the Presidium of the State Great Hural of MongoliaPresident of MongoliaThe President of Mongolia is the head of state of Mongolia. The Constitution of Mongolia implements a parliamentary system, so while much of the President's role is ceremonial, he or she does wield significant political power.-Election:...
(1953–1954)
- Gonchigiin Bumtsend, Chairman of the Presidium of the State Little Hural of Mongolia
- Premier - Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of MongoliaPrime Minister of MongoliaThe Prime Minister of Mongolia is the highest member of the Mongolian government's executive arm, and heads the Mongolian cabinet. The Prime Minister is appointed by Parliament, and can be removed by a vote of no confidence.-Powers:...
(1952–1974) Muscat and OmanMuscat and OmanMuscat and Oman was a country that encompassed the present day Sultanate of Oman and parts of the United Arab Emirates. The country is not to be confused with either the Trucial States or Trucial Oman, which were sheikhdoms under British protection since 1820.... - Monarch - Said Bin TaimurSaid bin TaimurSaid bin Taimur was the sultan of Muscat and Oman from 10 February 1932 until his overthrow on 23 July 1970. His second wife was Mazoon al-Mashani...
, Sultan of Muscat and OmanSultan of Oman-List of Imams :-Nabhan Dynasty :-Ya'ariba Dynasty :-Banu Ghafir Dynasty :-Ya'ariba Dynasty :-Al Said Dynasty :-See also:...
(1932–1970) Nepal - Monarch - TribhuvanTribhuvan of NepalKing Tribhuhvan Bir Bikram Shah , King of Nepal was King of Nepal from 11 December 1911 until his death...
, King of Nepal (1951–1955) - Prime Minister -
- TribhuvanTribhuvan of NepalKing Tribhuhvan Bir Bikram Shah , King of Nepal was King of Nepal from 11 December 1911 until his death...
, Prime Minister of Nepal (1952–1953) - Matrika Prasad KoiralaMatrika Prasad KoiralaMatrika Prasad Koirala was the Prime Minister of Nepal for two terms . He became the first President of Nepali Congress, when it was formed as a result of the merger of Nepali National Congress and Nepal Democratic Congress in April 1950....
, Prime Minister of Nepal (1953–1955) PakistanDominion of PakistanThe Dominion of Pakistan was an independent federal Commonwealth realm in South Asia that was established in 1947 on the partition of British India into two sovereign dominions . The Dominion of Pakistan, which included modern-day Pakistan and Bangladesh, was intended to be a homeland for the...
- Tribhuvan
- Monarch - Elizabeth IIElizabeth II of the United KingdomElizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
, Queen of Pakistan (1952–1956) - Governor-General - Malik Ghulam Muhammad, Governor-General of PakistanGovernor-General of PakistanThe Governor-General of Pakistan was the representative in Pakistan of the Crown from the country's independence in 1947. When Pakistan was proclaimed a republic in 1956 the connection with the British monarchy ended, and the office of Governor-General was abolished.-History:Pakistan gained...
(1951–1955) - Prime Minister -
- Sir Khawaja NazimuddinKhawaja NazimuddinHajji Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin, KCIE , was the second Governor-General of Pakistan, and later the second Prime Minister of Pakistan as well.-Early life:...
, Prime Minister of PakistanPrime Minister of PakistanThe Prime Minister of Pakistan , is the Head of Government of Pakistan who is designated to exercise as the country's Chief Executive. By the Constitution of Pakistan, Pakistan has the parliamentary democratic system of government...
(1951–1953) - Muhammad Ali BograMuhammad Ali BograNawabzada Mohammed Ali Bogra was a Pakistani statesman of Bengali origin, who served as the third Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1953 until 1955.-Early life:...
, Prime Minister of PakistanPrime Minister of PakistanThe Prime Minister of Pakistan , is the Head of Government of Pakistan who is designated to exercise as the country's Chief Executive. By the Constitution of Pakistan, Pakistan has the parliamentary democratic system of government...
(1953–1955)
- Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin
- President - Camille Chamoun
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Philippines
- President -
- Elpidio QuirinoElpidio QuirinoElpidio Rivera Quirino was a Filipino politician, and the sixth President of the Philippines.A lawyer by profession, Quirino entered politics when he became a representative of Ilocos Sur from 1919 to 1925. He was then elected as senator from 1925–1931...
, President of the PhilippinesPresident of the PhilippinesThe President of the Philippines is the head of state and head of government of the Philippines. The president leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines...
(1948–1953) - Ramon MagsaysayRamon MagsaysayRamón del Fierro Magsaysay was the third President of the Republic of the Philippines from December 30, 1953 until his death in a plane crash in 1957. He was elected President under the banner of the Nacionalista Party.-Early life:Ramon F...
, President of the PhilippinesPresident of the PhilippinesThe President of the Philippines is the head of state and head of government of the Philippines. The president leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines...
(1953–1957)
- Elpidio Quirino
- President -
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Saudi Arabia
- Monarch -
- Ibn SaudIbn Saud of Saudi ArabiaKing Abdul-Aziz of Saudi Arabia was the first monarch of the Third Saudi State known as Saudi Arabia. He was commonly referred to as Ibn Saud....
, King of Saudi Arabia (1932–1953) - SaudSaud of Saudi ArabiaSaud bin Abdul-Aziz Al Saud was King of Saudi Arabia from 1953 to 1964. He was removed from power by Faisal because of Saud's mismanagement and waste. He was the eldest surviving son of Ibn Saud and became Crown Prince in 1933. He died in exile in Greece.-Early life:Saud was born in 1902 in Kuwait...
, King of Saudi Arabia (1953–1964)
- Ibn Saud
- Prime Minister - SaudSaud of Saudi ArabiaSaud bin Abdul-Aziz Al Saud was King of Saudi Arabia from 1953 to 1964. He was removed from power by Faisal because of Saud's mismanagement and waste. He was the eldest surviving son of Ibn Saud and became Crown Prince in 1933. He died in exile in Greece.-Early life:Saud was born in 1902 in Kuwait...
, Prime Minister of Saudi ArabiaPrime Minister of Saudi ArabiaThe Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia is formally the Head of government under the Malik , the rather absolute Head of State of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.-History:...
(1953–1954)
- Monarch -
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Syria
- Head of State -
- Fawzi SeluFawzi SeluFawzi Selu was a Syrian military leader, politician and head of state .-Career:He studied at the Homs Military Academy and joined the French-sponsored Troupe Speciales that was created when France imposed its League of Nations mandate on Syria in July 1920...
, Head of State of Syria (1951–1953) - Adib ShishakliAdib ShishakliAdib ibn Hasan Shishakli was a Syrian military leader and President of Syria .Born into a notable Syrian-Kurdish family of Hama, Shishakli served with the French Army during the mandate era...
, President of Syria (1953–1954)
- Fawzi Selu
- Prime Minister -
- Fawzi SeluFawzi SeluFawzi Selu was a Syrian military leader, politician and head of state .-Career:He studied at the Homs Military Academy and joined the French-sponsored Troupe Speciales that was created when France imposed its League of Nations mandate on Syria in July 1920...
, Prime Minister of Syria (1951–1953) - Adib ShishakliAdib ShishakliAdib ibn Hasan Shishakli was a Syrian military leader and President of Syria .Born into a notable Syrian-Kurdish family of Hama, Shishakli served with the French Army during the mandate era...
, Prime Minister of Syria (1953–1954)
- Fawzi Selu
- Head of State -
- '
- President - Chiang Kai-ShekChiang Kai-shekChiang Kai-shek was a political and military leader of 20th century China. He is known as Jiǎng Jièshí or Jiǎng Zhōngzhèng in Mandarin....
, President of the Republic of ChinaPresident of the Republic of ChinaThe President of the Republic of China is the head of state and commander-in-chief of the Republic of China . The Republic of China was founded on January 1, 1912, to govern all of China...
(1950–1975) - Premier - Chen ChengChen ChengChen Cheng , was a Chinese political and military leader, and one of the main National Revolutionary Army commanders during the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War. After moving to Taiwan at the end of the Civil War, he served as the Governor of Taiwan Province, Vice President and...
, President of the Executive Yuan of the Republic of ChinaPremier of the Republic of ChinaThe President of the Executive Yuan , commonly known as the Premier of the Republic of China , is the head of the Executive Yuan, the executive branch of the Republic of China , which currently administers Taiwan, Matsu, and Kinmen. The premier is appointed by the President of the Republic of China...
(1950–1954)
- President - Chiang Kai-Shek
-
Thailand
- Monarch - Bhumibol AdulyadejBhumibol AdulyadejBhumibol Adulyadej is the current King of Thailand. He is known as Rama IX...
, King of Thailand (1946–present) - Prime Minister - Plaek PibulsonggramPlaek PibulsonggramField Marshal Plaek Pibunsongkhram , often known as Phibun Songkhram or simply Phibun in English, was Prime Minister and virtual military dictator of Thailand from 1938 to 1944 and 1948 to 1957.- Early years :...
, Prime Minister of ThailandPrime Minister of ThailandThe Prime Minister of Thailand is the head of government of Thailand. The Prime Minister is also the chairman of the Cabinet of Thailand. The post has existed since the Revolution of 1932, when the country became a constitutional monarchy....
(1948–1957)
- Monarch - Bhumibol Adulyadej
-
Turkey
- President - Celâl BayarCelal BayarCelâl Bayar was a Turkish politician, statesman and the third President of Turkey. At the time of his death, he was the longest lived former head of state, living over 103 years .-Early years:He was born in 1883 at Umurbey, a village of Gemlik, Bursa as the son of a religious leader and teacher...
, President of Turkey (1950–1960) - Prime Minister - Adnan MenderesAdnan MenderesAdnan Menderes was the first democratically elected Turkish Prime Minister between 1950–1960. He was one of the founders of the Democratic Party in 1946, the fourth legal opposition party of Turkey. He was hanged by the military junta after the 1960 coup d'état, along with two other cabinet...
, Prime Minister of TurkeyPrime Minister of TurkeyThe Prime Minister of the Turkey is the head of government in Turkish politics. The prime minister is the leader of a political coalition in the Turkish parliament and the leader of the cabinet....
(1950–1960)
- President - Celâl Bayar
- '
- Communist Party Leader - Trường ChinhTruong ChinhTrường Chinh Trường Chinh Trường Chinh (pseudonym meaning “Long March”, born Đặng Xuân Khu (b. February 9, 1907 in Xuân Trường District, Nam Định Province, d. September 30, 1988 in Hanoi) was a Vietnamese communist political leader and theoretician. From 1941 to 1957, he was Vietnam's second-ranked...
, General Secretary of the Communist Party of VietnamGeneral Secretary of the Communist Party of VietnamThe General Secretary is the leader of the Communist Party of Vietnam. The activities of Politburo and Secretariat are directed by the General Secretary. The post holder also maintains the top position in the Party's Central Military Commission, which is considered the supreme military...
(1941–1956) - President - Hồ Chí MinhHo Chi MinhHồ Chí Minh , born Nguyễn Sinh Cung and also known as Nguyễn Ái Quốc, was a Vietnamese Marxist-Leninist revolutionary leader who was prime minister and president of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam...
, President of North VietnamPresident of VietnamThe President of Vietnam is the head of state of Vietnam, although the functions of the President are often ceremonial...
(1945–1969) - Premier - Hồ Chí MinhHo Chi MinhHồ Chí Minh , born Nguyễn Sinh Cung and also known as Nguyễn Ái Quốc, was a Vietnamese Marxist-Leninist revolutionary leader who was prime minister and president of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam...
, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of North VietnamPrime Minister of Vietnam-Office:The Prime Minister of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is the head of the executive branch of the Vietnamese government. The Prime Minister presides over the Vietnamese cabinet, and is responsible for appointing and supervising ministers...
(1945–1955) South Vietnam (State of Vietnam)State of VietnamThe State of Vietnam was a state that claimed authority over all of Vietnam during the First Indochina War, and replaced the Provisional Central Government of Vietnam . The provisional government was a brief transitional administration between colonial Cochinchina and an independent state... - Head of State - Bảo ĐạiBảo ĐàiBảo Đài is a commune and village in Lục Nam District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:...
, Chief of State of South Vietnam (1949–1955) - Prime Minister - Nguyễn Văn TâmNguyen Van TamNguyễn Văn Tâm served as Minister in the Nguyễn Dynasty. His son is General Nguyễn Văn Hinh, the Chief of Staff of the Vietnamese National Army...
, Prime Minister of South Vietnam (1952–1953) YemenMutawakkilite Kingdom of YemenThe Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen , sometimes spelled Mutawakelite Kingdom of Yemen, also known as the Kingdom of Yemen or as North Yemen, was a country from 1918 to 1962 in the northern part of what is now Yemen... - Monarch - Ahmad bin YahyaAhmad bin YahyaAhmad bin Yahya Hamidaddin was the penultimate king of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen from 1948 to 1962. His full name and title was H.M. al-Nasir-li-din Allah Ahmad bin al-Mutawakkil 'Ala Allah Yahya, Imam and Commander of the Faithful, and King of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of the Yemen...
, King of Yemen (1948–1955) - Prime Minister - Hassan bin Yahya, Prime Minister of YemenPrime Minister of YemenThe Prime Minister of the Republic of Yemen is the head of government in that country. The current Prime Minister, Ali Muhammad Mujawar, has held the position since 7 April 2007. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President...
(1948–1955)
- Communist Party Leader - Trường Chinh
Europe
Albania-
- Communist Party Leader - Enver HoxhaEnver HoxhaEnver Halil Hoxha was a Marxist–Leninist revolutionary andthe leader of Albania from the end of World War II until his death in 1985, as the First Secretary of the Party of Labour of Albania...
, First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor (1944–1985) - Head of State -
- Omer NishaniOmer NishaniDr. Omer Nishani was an Albanian politician from Gjirokastër.He helped organize the Albanian National Revolutionary Committee in Vienna in 1925....
, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania (1944–1953) - Haxhi LleshiHaxhi LleshiHaxhi Lleshi was an Albanian military leader and communist politician.Lleshi was one of the top commanders in Albania's fight against the Italians and Germans during World War II and is still considered by some to be a hero in Albania for his actions during the war...
, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania (1953–1982)
- Omer Nishani
- Premier - Enver HoxhaEnver HoxhaEnver Halil Hoxha was a Marxist–Leninist revolutionary andthe leader of Albania from the end of World War II until his death in 1985, as the First Secretary of the Party of Labour of Albania...
, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Albania (1944–1954)
- Communist Party Leader - Enver Hoxha
-
Andorra
- Monarchs -
- French Co-Prince - Vincent AuriolVincent AuriolVincent Jules Auriol was a French politician who served as the first President of the Fourth Republic from 1947 to 1954. He also served as interim President of the Provisional Government from November to December 1946, making him one of only three people who were heads of state of the French...
, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1947–1954) - Episcopal Co-Prince - Ramon Iglesias i NavarriRamon Iglesias i NavarriRamon Iglesias i Navarri was the Bishop of Urgell and Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra from 4 April 1943, until 29 April 1969. Navarri was first ordained as a priest on 14 July 1912, at the age of 23....
, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1943–1969)
- French Co-Prince - Vincent Auriol
- First Syndic - Francesc Cairat Freixes, First Syndic of Andorra (1937–1960) Austria (under Allied occupation)
- President - Theodor Körner, Federal President of AustriaPresident of AustriaThe President of Austria is the federal head of state of Austria. Though theoretically entrusted with great power by the constitution, in practice the President acts, for the most part, merely as a ceremonial figurehead...
(1951–1957) - Chancellor -
- Leopold FiglLeopold FiglLeopold Figl was an Austrian politician of the Austrian People's Party and the first Federal Chancellor after World War II...
, Federal Chancellor of AustriaChancellor of AustriaThe Federal Chancellor is the head of government in Austria. Its deputy is the Vice-Chancellor. Before 1918, the equivalent office was the Minister-President of Austria. The Federal Chancellor is considered to be the most powerful political position in Austrian politics.-Appointment:The...
(1945–1953) - Julius RaabJulius RaabJulius Raab was a Conservative Austrian politician. He was Federal Chancellor of Austria from 1953 to 1961. Raab steered Allied-occupied Austria to independence. In 1955 he negotiated and signed the Austrian State Treaty...
, Federal Chancellor of AustriaChancellor of AustriaThe Federal Chancellor is the head of government in Austria. Its deputy is the Vice-Chancellor. Before 1918, the equivalent office was the Minister-President of Austria. The Federal Chancellor is considered to be the most powerful political position in Austrian politics.-Appointment:The...
(1953–1961)
- Leopold Figl
- American military governor - Llewellyn ThompsonLlewellyn ThompsonLlewellyn E. "Tommy" Thompson Jr. , was a United States diplomat. He served in Sri Lanka, Austria, and for a lengthy period in the Soviet Union where his tenure saw some of the most significant events of the Cold War....
(1952–1955) - British military governor - Harold CacciaHarold Caccia, Baron CacciaHarold Anthony Caccia, Baron Caccia, GCMG, GCVO, GCStJ was a British diplomat....
(1950–1954) - French military governor - Jean Payart (1950–1955)
- Soviet military governor -
- Vladimir Sviridov (1949–1953)
- Ivan Ilichev (1953–1955)
- Monarchs -
-
Belgium
- Monarch - Baudouin I, King of the Belgians (1951–1993)
- Prime Minister - Jean Van HoutteJean Van HoutteJean Marie Joseph, Baron Van Houtte was a Belgian politician.Born in Ghent, van Houtte held a doctorate in law and lectured at Ghent University and the University of Liège...
, Prime Minister of Belgium (1952–1954) Bulgaria - Communist Party Leader - Vulko ChervenkovVulko Chervenkov-Biography:Chervenkov was born in Zlatitsa, Bulgaria. He became a member of the Communist Party in 1919 and participated in communist youth group activities and newspaper editing. He took part in the failed 1923 September Uprising and was sentenced to death, but was allowed to emigrate to the...
, General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist PartyBulgarian Communist PartyThe Bulgarian Communist Party was the communist and Marxist-Leninist ruling party of the People's Republic of Bulgaria from 1946 until 1990 when the country ceased to be a communist state...
(1949–1954) - Head of State - Georgi DamyanovGeorgi DamyanovGeorgi Purvanov Damyanov was a Bulgarian communist politician.Damyanov was born in Lopushna, near Ferdinand , Bulgaria. He served as defense minister during the first stage of Bulgaria's communist regime, from 1946 to 1950. On May 27, 1950, he was appointed Chairman of the Presidium of the...
, Chairman of the Presidium of the National Assembly of Bulgaria (1950–1958) - Premier - Vulko ChervenkovVulko Chervenkov-Biography:Chervenkov was born in Zlatitsa, Bulgaria. He became a member of the Communist Party in 1919 and participated in communist youth group activities and newspaper editing. He took part in the failed 1923 September Uprising and was sentenced to death, but was allowed to emigrate to the...
, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1950–1956)
Czechoslovakia
- Communist Party Leader -
- Klement GottwaldKlement GottwaldKlement Gottwald was a Czechoslovakian Communist politician, longtime leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia , prime minister and president of Czechoslovakia.-Early life:...
, First Secretary of the Communisty Party of CzechoslovakiaCommunist Party of CzechoslovakiaThe Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, in Czech and in Slovak: Komunistická strana Československa was a Communist and Marxist-Leninist political party in Czechoslovakia that existed between 1921 and 1992....
(1946–1953) - Antonín NovotnýAntonín NovotnýAntonín Novotný was General Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia from 1953 to 1968, and also held the post of President of Czechoslovakia from 1957 to 1968. He was born in Letňany, now part of Prague....
, First Secretary of the Communisty Party of CzechoslovakiaCommunist Party of CzechoslovakiaThe Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, in Czech and in Slovak: Komunistická strana Československa was a Communist and Marxist-Leninist political party in Czechoslovakia that existed between 1921 and 1992....
(1953–1968)
- Klement Gottwald
- President -
- Klement GottwaldKlement GottwaldKlement Gottwald was a Czechoslovakian Communist politician, longtime leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia , prime minister and president of Czechoslovakia.-Early life:...
, President of Czechoslovakia (1948–1953) - Antonín ZápotockýAntonín ZápotockýAntonín Zápotocký was communist Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia from 1948 to 1953 and President of Czechoslovakia from 1953 to 1957....
, President of Czechoslovakia (1953–1957)
- Klement Gottwald
- Prime Minister -
- Antonín ZápotockýAntonín ZápotockýAntonín Zápotocký was communist Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia from 1948 to 1953 and President of Czechoslovakia from 1953 to 1957....
, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1948–1953) - Viliam ŠirokýViliam ŠirokýViliam Široký was a prominent Communist politician of Czechoslovakia, the Prime Minister from 1953 to 1963, and briefly serving as the acting President of Czechoslovakia following the death of Antonín Zápotocký from 13 November to 19 November 1957. He also served as the leader of the Communist...
, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1953–1963) DenmarkKingdom of DenmarkThe Kingdom of Denmark or the Danish Realm , is a constitutional monarchy and sovereign state consisting of Denmark proper in northern Europe and two autonomous constituent countries, the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic and Greenland in North America. Denmark is the hegemonial part, where the...
- Antonín Zápotocký
- Monarch - Frederick IXFrederick IX of DenmarkFrederick IX was King of Denmark from 20 April 1947 until his death on 14 January 1972....
, King of Denmark (1947–1972) - Prime Minister -
- Erik EriksenErik EriksenErik Eriksen is a former Prime Minister of Denmark. Eriksen was leader of the Danish Liberal party Venstre from 1950 to 1965. He served as Prime Minister of Denmark from 30 October 1950 to 30 September 1953 as leader of the Cabinet of Erik Eriksen forming a minority government of Venstre and the...
, Prime Minister of DenmarkPrime Minister of DenmarkThe Prime Minister of Denmark is the head of government in Danish politics. The Prime Minister is traditionally the leader of a political coalition in the Folketing and presides over the cabinet....
(1950–1953) - Hans HedtoftHans HedtoftHans Hedtoft Hansen was Prime Minister of Denmark from 13 November 1947 to 30 October 1950 as the leader of the Cabinet of Hans Hedtoft I and again from 30 September 1953 to 29 January 1955 as the leader of the Cabinet of Hans Hedtoft II.Hedtoft was a Social Democrat, and had taken over the...
, Prime Minister of DenmarkPrime Minister of DenmarkThe Prime Minister of Denmark is the head of government in Danish politics. The Prime Minister is traditionally the leader of a political coalition in the Folketing and presides over the cabinet....
(1953–1955)
- Erik Eriksen
- Communist Party Leader -
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Finland
- President - Juho Kusti PaasikiviJuho Kusti PaasikiviJuho Kusti Paasikivi was the seventh President of Finland . Representing the Finnish Party and the National Coalition Party, he also served as Prime Minister of Finland , and was generally an influential figure in Finnish economics and politics for over fifty years...
, President of FinlandPresident of FinlandThe President of the Republic of Finland is the nation's head of state. Under the Finnish constitution, executive power is vested in the President and the government, with the President possessing extensive powers. The President is elected directly by the people of Finland for a term of six years....
(1946–1956) - Prime Minister -
- Urho KekkonenUrho KekkonenUrho Kaleva Kekkonen , was a Finnish politician who served as Prime Minister of Finland and later as the eighth President of Finland . Kekkonen continued the “active neutrality” policy of his predecessor President Juho Kusti Paasikivi, a doctrine which came to be known as the “Paasikivi–Kekkonen...
, Prime Minister of FinlandPrime Minister of FinlandThe Prime Minister is the Head of Government of Finland. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President, who is the Head of State. The current Prime Minister is Jyrki Katainen of the National Coalition Party.-Overview:...
(1950–1953) - Sakari TuomiojaSakari TuomiojaSakari Severi Tuomioja was a Finnish politician , diplomat, Prime Minister of Finland during the caretaker government which was formed in 1953...
, Prime Minister of FinlandPrime Minister of FinlandThe Prime Minister is the Head of Government of Finland. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President, who is the Head of State. The current Prime Minister is Jyrki Katainen of the National Coalition Party.-Overview:...
(1953–1954) FranceFrench Fourth RepublicThe French Fourth Republic was the republican government of France between 1946 and 1958, governed by the fourth republican constitution. It was in many ways a revival of the Third Republic, which was in place before World War II, and suffered many of the same problems...
- Urho Kekkonen
- President - Vincent AuriolVincent AuriolVincent Jules Auriol was a French politician who served as the first President of the Fourth Republic from 1947 to 1954. He also served as interim President of the Provisional Government from November to December 1946, making him one of only three people who were heads of state of the French...
, President of France (1947–1954) - Prime Minister -
- Antoine PinayAntoine PinayAntoine Pinay |Rhône]], France – 13 December 1994) was a French conservative politician. He served as Prime Minister of France in 1952.-Life:As a young man, Pinay fought in World War I and injured his arm so that it was paralyzed for the rest of his life....
, President of the Council of Ministers of FrancePrime Minister of FranceThe Prime Minister of France in the Fifth Republic is the head of government and of the Council of Ministers of France. The head of state is the President of the French Republic...
(1952–1953) - René MayerRené MayerRené Mayer was a French Radical politician of the Fourth Republic who served briefly as Prime Minister during 1953. He led the Mayer Authority from 1955 to 1958.-Mayer's Ministry, 8 January – 28 June 1953:*René Mayer – President of the Council...
, President of the Council of Ministers of FrancePrime Minister of FranceThe Prime Minister of France in the Fifth Republic is the head of government and of the Council of Ministers of France. The head of state is the President of the French Republic...
(1953) - Joseph LanielJoseph LanielJoseph Laniel was a French conservative politician of the Fourth Republic, who served as Prime Minister for a year from 1953 to 1954. During the middle of his tenure as Prime Minister Laniel was an unsuccessful candidate for the French Presidency, a post won by René Coty...
, President of the Council of Ministers of FrancePrime Minister of FranceThe Prime Minister of France in the Fifth Republic is the head of government and of the Council of Ministers of France. The head of state is the President of the French Republic...
(1953–1954)
- Antoine Pinay
- President - Juho Kusti Paasikivi
- '
- Communist Party Leader - Walter UlbrichtWalter UlbrichtWalter Ulbricht was a German communist politician. As First Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party from 1950 to 1971 , he played a leading role in the creation of the Weimar-era Communist Party of Germany and later in the early development and...
, First Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (1950–1971) - President - Wilhelm PieckWilhelm PieckFriedrich Wilhelm Reinhold Pieck was a German politician and a Communist. In 1949, he became the first President of the German Democratic Republic, an office abolished upon his death. He was succeeded by Walter Ulbricht, who served as Chairman of the Council of States.-Biography:Pieck was born to...
, President of East Germany (1949–1960) - Premier - Otto GrotewohlOtto GrotewohlOtto Grotewohl was a German politician and prime minister of the German Democratic Republic from 1949 until his death. According to Roth , "He was a figurehead who led various economic commissions, lobbied the Soviets for increased aid, and conducted foreign policy tours in the attempt to break...
, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of East Germany (1949–1964)
- Communist Party Leader - Walter Ulbricht
- '
- President - Theodor HeussTheodor HeussTheodor Heuss was a liberal German politician who served as the first President of the Federal Republic of Germany after World War II from 1949 to 1959...
, Federal President of West GermanyPresident of GermanyThe President of the Federal Republic of Germany is the country's head of state. His official title in German is Bundespräsident . Germany has a parliamentary system of government and so the position of President is largely ceremonial...
(1949–1959) - Chancellor - Konrad AdenauerKonrad AdenauerKonrad Hermann Joseph Adenauer was a German statesman. He was the chancellor of the West Germany from 1949 to 1963. He is widely recognised as a person who led his country from the ruins of World War II to a powerful and prosperous nation that had forged close relations with old enemies France,...
, Federal Chancellor of West Germany (1949–1963)
- President - Theodor Heuss
-
Kingdom of Greece
- Monarch - PaulPaul of GreecePaul reigned as King of Greece from 1947 to 1964.-Family and early life:Paul was born in Athens, the third son of King Constantine I of Greece and his wife, Princess Sophia of Prussia. He was trained as a naval officer....
, King of the Hellenes (1947–1964) - Prime Minister - Alexandros Papagos, Prime Minister of GreecePrime Minister of GreeceThe Prime Minister of Greece , officially the Prime Minister of the Hellenic Republic , is the head of government of the Hellenic Republic and the leader of the Greek cabinet. The current interim Prime Minister is Lucas Papademos, a former Vice President of the European Central Bank, following...
(1952–1955) HungaryPeople's Republic of HungaryThe People's Republic of Hungary or Hungarian People's Republic was the official state name of Hungary from 1949 to 1989 during its Communist period under the guidance of the Soviet Union. The state remained in existence until 1989 when opposition forces consolidated in forcing the regime to... - Communist Party Leader - Mátyás RákosiMátyás RákosiMátyás Rákosi was a Hungarian communist politician. He was born as Mátyás Rosenfeld, in present-day Serbia...
, First Secretary of the Hungarian Workers' Party (1945–1956) - Head of State - István DobiIstván DobiIstván Dobi was a Hungarian politician and prime minister of Hungary from 1948 to 1952.-Early life:Dobi originated from a poor peasant family and was born in Szőny, Hungary. He finished primary school and in 1916 came into contact with the peasant movement...
, Chairman of the Presidential Council of Hungary (1952–1967) - Premier -
- Mátyás RákosiMátyás RákosiMátyás Rákosi was a Hungarian communist politician. He was born as Mátyás Rosenfeld, in present-day Serbia...
, President of the Council of Ministers of Hungary (1952–1953) - Imre NagyImre NagyImre Nagy was a Hungarian communist politician who was appointed Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the People's Republic of Hungary on two occasions...
, President of the Council of Ministers of Hungary (1953–1955)
- Mátyás Rákosi
- Monarch - Paul
-
Iceland
- President - Ásgeir ÁsgeirssonÁsgeir ÁsgeirssonÁsgeir Ásgeirsson was the second President of Iceland, from 1952 to 1968.Educated as a theologian, Ásgeir graduated with honours from the University of Iceland in Reykjavík in 1915, but was considered too young to be ordained as a minister. He married Dóra Þórhallsdóttir in 1917. Dóra was the...
, President of IcelandPresident of IcelandThe President of Iceland is Iceland's elected head of state. The president is elected to a four-year term by universal adult suffrage and has limited powers. The president is not the head of government; the Prime Minister of Iceland is the head of government. There have been five presidents since...
(1952–1968) - Prime Minister -
- Steingrímur SteinþórssonSteingrímur SteinþórssonSteingrímur Steinþórsson was Prime Minister of Iceland from 14 March 1950 to 11 September 1953. He was a member of the Interim Triumvirate from 26 January to 31 July 1952, and was a member of the Progressive Party, though never its chairman.He served as Minister of Agriculture and Social Affairs...
, Prime Minister of IcelandPrime Minister of IcelandThe Prime Minister of Iceland is Iceland's head of government. The prime minister is appointed formally by the President and exercises executive authority along with the cabinet subject to parliamentary support....
(1950–1953) - Ólafur ThorsÓlafur ThorsÓlafur Thors was an Icelandic politician of the Independence Party, who served as Prime Minister of Iceland on five occasions:* 16 May 1942 to 16 December 1942* 21 October 1944 to 4 February 1947...
, Prime Minister of IcelandPrime Minister of IcelandThe Prime Minister of Iceland is Iceland's head of government. The prime minister is appointed formally by the President and exercises executive authority along with the cabinet subject to parliamentary support....
(1953–1956)
- Steingrímur Steinþórsson
- President - Ásgeir Ásgeirsson
-
Republic of Ireland
- President - Seán T. O'KellySean T. O'KellySeán Thomas O'Kelly was the second President of Ireland . He was a member of Dáil Éireann from 1918 until his election as President. During this time he served as Minister for Local Government and Minister for Finance...
, President of IrelandPresident of IrelandThe President of Ireland is the head of state of Ireland. The President is usually directly elected by the people for seven years, and can be elected for a maximum of two terms. The presidency is largely a ceremonial office, but the President does exercise certain limited powers with absolute...
(1945–1959) - Prime Minister - Éamon de ValeraÉamon de ValeraÉamon de Valera was one of the dominant political figures in twentieth century Ireland, serving as head of government of the Irish Free State and head of government and head of state of Ireland...
, Taoiseach of IrelandTaoiseachThe Taoiseach is the head of government or prime minister of Ireland. The Taoiseach is appointed by the President upon the nomination of Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Oireachtas , and must, in order to remain in office, retain the support of a majority in the Dáil.The current Taoiseach is...
(1951–1954)
- President - Seán T. O'Kelly
-
Italy
- President - Luigi EinaudiLuigi EinaudiLuigi Einaudi , Cavaliere di Gran Croce decorato di Gran Cordone OMRI was an Italian politician and economist. He served as the second President of the Italian Republic between 1948 and 1955.-Early life:...
, President of Italy (1948–1955) - Prime Minister -
- Alcide De GasperiAlcide De GasperiAlcide De Gasperi was an Italian statesman and politician and founder of the Christian Democratic Party. From 1945 to 1953 he was the prime minister of eight successive coalition governments. His eight-year rule remains a landmark of political longevity for a leader in modern Italian politics...
, President of the Council of Ministers of ItalyPrime minister of ItalyThe Prime Minister of Italy is the head of government of the Italian Republic...
(1945–1953) - Giuseppe PellaGiuseppe PellaGiuseppe Pella was an Italian Christian Democratic politician who served as the 32nd Prime Minister of Italy from 1953 to 1954. He was also President of the European Parliament from 1954 to 1956 after the death of Alcide De Gasperi.He was born in Valdengo, Piedmont...
, President of the Council of Ministers of ItalyPrime minister of ItalyThe Prime Minister of Italy is the head of government of the Italian Republic...
(1953–1954)
- Alcide De Gasperi
- President - Luigi Einaudi
-
Liechtenstein
- Monarch - Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1938–1989)
- Prime Minister - Alexander FrickAlexander FrickDr. Alexander Frick was the Regierungschef of Liechtenstein from September 3, 1945 until July 16, 1962, serving as a member of the Progressive Citizens' Party....
, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1945–1962)
-
Luxembourg
- Monarch - Charlotte, Grand Duchess of LuxembourgGrand Duke of LuxembourgThe Grand Duke of Luxembourg is the sovereign monarch and head of state of Luxembourg. Luxembourg has been a grand duchy since 15 March 1815, when it was elevated from a duchy when placed in personal union with the United Kingdom of the Netherlands...
(1919–1964) - Prime Minister -
- Pierre Dupong, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1937–1953)
- Joseph Bech, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1953–1958)
- Monarch - Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
-
Monaco
- Monarch - Rainier IIIRainier III, Prince of MonacoRainier III, Prince of Monaco , styled His Serene Highness The Sovereign Prince of Monaco, ruled the Principality of Monaco for almost 56 years, making him one of the longest ruling monarchs of the 20th century.Though he was best known outside of Europe for having married American...
, Prince of MonacoPrince of MonacoThe Reigning Prince or Princess of Monaco is the sovereign monarch and head of state of the Principality of Monaco. All Princes or Princesses thus far have taken the name of the House of Grimaldi, but have belonged to various other houses in male line...
(1949–2005) - Head of Government -
- Pierre VoizardPierre VoizardPierre Voizard was a Minister of State for Monaco. He served between 1950 and 1953. He was born in 1896 and died in 1982.-References:...
, Minister of State of Monaco (1950–1953) - Henry SoumHenry SoumHenry Soum was a Minister of State for Monaco. He served between 1953 and 1959. He was born in 1899 and died in 1983. -References:...
, Minister of State of Monaco (1953–1959)
- Pierre Voizard
- Monarch - Rainier III
-
Netherlands
- Monarch - JulianaJuliana of the NetherlandsJuliana was the Queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands between 1948 and 1980. She was the only child of Queen Wilhelmina and Prince Henry...
, Queen of the NetherlandsMonarchy of the NetherlandsThe Netherlands has been an independent monarchy since 16 March 1815, and has been governed by members of the House of Orange-Nassau since.-Constitutional role and position of the monarch:...
(1948–1980) - Prime Minister - Willem DreesWillem DreesWillem Drees was a Dutch politician of the Labour Party . He served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from August 7, 1948 until December 22, 1958....
, Prime Minister of the NetherlandsPrime Minister of the NetherlandsThe Prime Minister of the Netherlands is the chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Netherlands. He is the de facto head of government of the Netherlands and coordinates the policy of the government...
(1948–1958)
- Monarch - Juliana
-
Norway
- Monarch - Haakon VIIHaakon VII of NorwayHaakon VII , known as Prince Carl of Denmark until 1905, was the first king of Norway after the 1905 dissolution of the personal union with Sweden. He was a member of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg...
, King of Norway (1905–1957) - Prime Minister - Oscar TorpOscar Torpwas a Norwegian politician for the Norwegian Labour Party. He was party leader from 1923 to 1945, and mayor of Oslo in 1935 and 1936. In 1935 he became acting Minister of Defence in the government of Johan Nygaardsvold. He was also Minister of Social Affairs from 1936 to 1939, and then Minister of...
, Prime Minister of NorwayPrime Minister of NorwayThe Prime Minister of Norway is the political leader of Norway and the Head of His Majesty's Government. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Sovereign, to Stortinget , to their political party, and ultimately the...
(1951–1955) PolandPeople's Republic of PolandThe People's Republic of Poland was the official name of Poland from 1952 to 1990. Although the Soviet Union took control of the country immediately after the liberation from Nazi Germany in 1944, the name of the state was not changed until eight years later... - Communist Party Leader - Bolesław Bierut, First Secretary of the Central Committee of Polish United Workers' Party (1948–1956)
- Head of State - Aleksander ZawadzkiAleksander ZawadzkiAleksander Zawadzki was a Polish Communist political figure and head of state of Poland from 1952 to 1964.A member of the Communist Youth Union, Zawadzki went into exile in the Soviet Union in 1931, after spending six years in prison for "subversive activities." He returned to Poland in 1939, just...
, Chairman of the Council of State of Poland (1952–1964) - Premier - Bolesław Bierut, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1952–1954) Portugal
- President - Francisco Craveiro LopesFrancisco Craveiro LopesFrancisco Higino Craveiro Lopes da Silva de Tovero , 6th Viscount de Molenos-Craveiro, GCTE, ComC, GCA, , was a Portuguese politician and military man...
, President of PortugalPresident of PortugalPortugal has been a republic since 1910, and since that time the head of state has been the president, whose official title is President of the Portuguese Republic ....
(1951–1958) - Prime Minister - António de Oliveira SalazarAntónio de Oliveira SalazarAntónio de Oliveira Salazar, GColIH, GCTE, GCSE served as the Prime Minister of Portugal from 1932 to 1968. He also served as acting President of the Republic briefly in 1951. He founded and led the Estado Novo , the authoritarian, right-wing government that presided over and controlled Portugal...
, President of the Council of Ministers of PortugalPrime Minister of PortugalPrime Minister is the current title of the chief of the Portuguese Government. As chief executive, the Prime Minister coordinates the action of ministers, representing the Government from the other organs of state, accountable to Parliament and keeps the President informed...
(1932–1968) RomaniaCommunist RomaniaCommunist Romania was the period in Romanian history when that country was a Soviet-aligned communist state in the Eastern Bloc, with the dominant role of Romanian Communist Party enshrined in its successive constitutions... - Communist Party Leader - Gheorghe Gheorghiu-DejGheorghe Gheorghiu-DejGheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej was the Communist leader of Romania from 1948 until his death in 1965.-Early life:Gheorghe was the son of a poor worker, Tănase Gheorghiu, and his wife Ana. Gheorghiu-Dej joined the Communist Party of Romania in 1930...
, General Secretary of the Romanian Workers' PartyRomanian Communist PartyThe Romanian Communist Party was a communist political party in Romania. Successor to the Bolshevik wing of the Socialist Party of Romania, it gave ideological endorsement to communist revolution and the disestablishment of Greater Romania. The PCR was a minor and illegal grouping for much of the...
(1945–1954) - Head of State - Petru GrozaPetru GrozaPetru Groza was a Romanian politician, best known as the Prime Minister of the first Communist Party-dominated governments under Soviet occupation during the early stages of the Communist regime in Romania....
, Chairman of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly of RomaniaPresident of RomaniaThe President of Romania is the head of state of Romania. The President is directly elected by a two-round system for a five-year term . An individual may serve two terms...
(1952–1958) - Premier - Gheorghe Gheorghiu-DejGheorghe Gheorghiu-DejGheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej was the Communist leader of Romania from 1948 until his death in 1965.-Early life:Gheorghe was the son of a poor worker, Tănase Gheorghiu, and his wife Ana. Gheorghiu-Dej joined the Communist Party of Romania in 1930...
, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of RomaniaPrime Minister of RomaniaThe Prime Minister of Romania is the head of the Government of Romania. Initially, the office was styled President of the Council of Ministers , when the term "Government" included more than the Cabinet, and the Cabinet was called The Council of Ministers...
(1952–1955)
- Monarch - Haakon VII
-
San Marino
- Captains Regent -
- Arnaldo Para and Eugenio Bernardini, Captains Regent of San Marino (1952–1953)
- Vincenzo Pedini and Alberto Reffi, Captains Regent of San Marino (1953)
- Giordano Giacomini and Giuseppe Renzi, Captains Regent of San Marino (1953–1954)
- Captains Regent -
Soviet Union
- Communist Party Leader -
- Joseph StalinJoseph StalinJoseph Vissarionovich Stalin was the Premier of the Soviet Union from 6 May 1941 to 5 March 1953. He was among the Bolshevik revolutionaries who brought about the October Revolution and had held the position of first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee...
, Senior Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet UnionGeneral Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet UnionGeneral Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the title given to the leader of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. With some exceptions, the office was synonymous with leader of the Soviet Union...
(1922–1953) - Georgy MalenkovGeorgy MalenkovGeorgy Maximilianovich Malenkov was a Soviet politician, Communist Party leader and close collaborator of Joseph Stalin. After Stalin's death, he became Premier of the Soviet Union and was in 1953 briefly considered the most powerful Soviet politician before being overshadowed by Nikita...
, Senior Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet UnionGeneral Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet UnionGeneral Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the title given to the leader of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. With some exceptions, the office was synonymous with leader of the Soviet Union...
(1953) - Nikita KhrushchevNikita KhrushchevNikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War. He served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, and as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, or Premier, from 1958 to 1964...
, First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet UnionGeneral Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet UnionGeneral Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the title given to the leader of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. With some exceptions, the office was synonymous with leader of the Soviet Union...
(1953–1964)
- Joseph Stalin
- Head of State -
- Nikolay ShvernikNikolay ShvernikNikolay Mikhailovich Shvernik was a Russian politician, who was the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR from March 19, 1946 until March 15, 1953...
, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1946–1953) - Kliment VoroshilovKliment VoroshilovKliment Yefremovich Voroshilov , popularly known as Klim Voroshilov was a Soviet military officer, politician, and statesman...
, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1953–1960)
- Nikolay Shvernik
- Premier -
- Joseph StalinJoseph StalinJoseph Vissarionovich Stalin was the Premier of the Soviet Union from 6 May 1941 to 5 March 1953. He was among the Bolshevik revolutionaries who brought about the October Revolution and had held the position of first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee...
, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet UnionPremier of the Soviet UnionThe office of Premier of the Soviet Union was synonymous with head of government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics . Twelve individuals have been premier...
(1941–1953) - Georgy MalenkovGeorgy MalenkovGeorgy Maximilianovich Malenkov was a Soviet politician, Communist Party leader and close collaborator of Joseph Stalin. After Stalin's death, he became Premier of the Soviet Union and was in 1953 briefly considered the most powerful Soviet politician before being overshadowed by Nikita...
, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet UnionPremier of the Soviet UnionThe office of Premier of the Soviet Union was synonymous with head of government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics . Twelve individuals have been premier...
(1953–1955)
- Joseph Stalin
- Communist Party Leader -
- '
- Head of State - Francisco FrancoFrancisco FrancoFrancisco Franco y Bahamonde was a Spanish general, dictator and head of state of Spain from October 1936 , and de facto regent of the nominally restored Kingdom of Spain from 1947 until his death in November, 1975...
, Head of State of Spain (1936–1975) - Prime Minister - Francisco FrancoFrancisco FrancoFrancisco Franco y Bahamonde was a Spanish general, dictator and head of state of Spain from October 1936 , and de facto regent of the nominally restored Kingdom of Spain from 1947 until his death in November, 1975...
, President of the Government of SpainPrime Minister of SpainThe President of the Government of Spain , sometimes known in English as the Prime Minister of Spain, is the head of Government of Spain. The current office is established under the Constitution of 1978...
(1939–1973)
- Head of State - Francisco Franco
-
Sweden
- Monarch - Gustaf VI AdolfGustaf VI Adolf of SwedenGustaf VI Adolf - Oscar Fredrik Wilhelm Olaf Gustaf Adolf - was King of Sweden from October 29, 1950 until his death. His official title was King of Sweden, of the Goths and of the Wends. He was the eldest son of King Gustaf V and his wife Victoria of Baden...
, King of Sweden (1950–1973) - Prime Minister - Tage ErlanderTage Erlanderwas a Swedish politician. He was the leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party and Prime Minister of Sweden from 1946 to 1969...
, Prime Minister of SwedenPrime Minister of SwedenThe Prime Minister is the head of government in the Kingdom of Sweden. Before the creation of the office of a Prime Minister in 1876, Sweden did not have a head of government separate from its head of state, namely the King, in whom the executive authority was vested...
(1946–1969)
- Monarch - Gustaf VI Adolf
-
Switzerland
- Swiss Federal CouncilSwiss Federal CouncilThe Federal Council is the seven-member executive council which constitutes the federal government of Switzerland and serves as the Swiss collective head of state....
:- Philipp EtterPhilipp EtterPhilipp Etter was a Swiss politician.He was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 28 March 1934 and handed over office on 31 December 1959...
(1934–1959, President), Karl KobeltKarl KobeltKarl Kobelt was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council.He was elected to the Federal Council on December 10, 1940 and handed over office on December 31, 1954...
(1940–1954), Max PetitpierreMax PetitpierreMax Petitpierre was a Swiss politician, jurist and member of the Swiss Federal Council, heading the Political Department ....
(1944–1961), Rodolphe RubattelRodolphe RubattelRodolphe Rubattel , was a Swiss politician.He was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on December 11, 1947, and handed over office on December 31, 1954....
(1947–1954), Josef EscherJosef EscherJosef Escher was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council .He was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on September 14, 1950 and died during his time in office on December 9, 1954. He was affiliated to the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland...
(1950–1954), Max WeberMax Weber (politician)Max Weber was a Swiss politician.He was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 13 December 1951 and handed over office on 31 January 1954. He was affiliated to the Social Democratic Party. During his time in office he held the Department of Finance.-External links:...
(1951–1953), Markus FeldmannMarkus FeldmannMarkus Feldmann was a Swiss politician, member of the Swiss Federal Council .He was elected to the Federal Council on December 13, 1951 and died in office on November 3, 1958...
(1951–1958), Hans StreuliHans StreuliHans Streuli was a Swiss politician.He was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 22 December 1953 and handed over office on 31 December 1959. He was affiliated to the Free Democratic Party....
(1953–1959)
- Philipp Etter
- Swiss Federal Council
-
United Kingdom
- Monarch - Elizabeth IIElizabeth II of the United KingdomElizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present) - Prime Minister - Winston ChurchillWinston ChurchillSir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, was a predominantly Conservative British politician and statesman known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during the Second World War. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest wartime leaders of the century and served as Prime Minister twice...
, Prime Minister of the United KingdomPrime Minister of the United KingdomThe Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the Head of Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Sovereign, to Parliament, to their political party and...
(1951–1955)
- Monarch - Elizabeth II
-
Vatican City
- Monarch - Pope Pius XIIPope Pius XIIThe Venerable Pope Pius XII , born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli , reigned as Pope, head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City State, from 2 March 1939 until his death in 1958....
, Sovereign of the State of the Vatican City (1939–1958) - President of the Governorate - Nicola CanaliNicola CanaliNicola Canali was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State from 1939 and as Major Penitentiary from 1941 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1935...
, President of the Governorate of Vatican City State (1939–1961) - Holy SeeHoly SeeThe Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, in which its Bishop is commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent episcopal see of the Catholic Church, forming the central government of the Church. As such, diplomatically, and in other spheres the Holy See acts and...
- Secretary of State - Domenico Tardini, Cardinal Secretary of StateCardinal Secretary of StateThe Cardinal Secretary of State—officially Secretary of State of His Holiness The Pope—presides over the Holy See, usually known as the "Vatican", Secretariat of State, which is the oldest and most important dicastery of the Roman Curia...
(1952–1961)
- Secretary of State - Domenico Tardini, Cardinal Secretary of State
- Monarch - Pope Pius XII
-
Kingdom of Yugoslavia
- Communist Party leader - Josip Broz TitoJosip Broz TitoMarshal Josip Broz Tito – 4 May 1980) was a Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman. While his presidency has been criticized as authoritarian, Tito was a popular public figure both in Yugoslavia and abroad, viewed as a unifying symbol for the nations of the Yugoslav federation...
, General Secretary of the League of Communists of YugoslaviaLeague of Communists of YugoslaviaLeague of Communists of Yugoslavia , before 1952 the Communist Party of Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croatian: Savez komunista Jugoslavije/Савез комуниста Југославије, Slovene: Zveza komunistov Jugoslavije, Macedonian: Сојуз на комунистите на Југославија, Sojuz na...
(1945–1980) - Head of State -
- Ivan RibarIvan RibarIvan Ribar was a Yugoslav politician of Croatian descent.Ribar was born in Vukmanić . He had a PhD in law...
, President of the Presidency of the People's Assembly of Yugoslavia (1945–1953) - Josip Broz TitoJosip Broz TitoMarshal Josip Broz Tito – 4 May 1980) was a Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman. While his presidency has been criticized as authoritarian, Tito was a popular public figure both in Yugoslavia and abroad, viewed as a unifying symbol for the nations of the Yugoslav federation...
, President of Yugoslavia (1953–1980)
- Ivan Ribar
- Premier - Josip Broz TitoJosip Broz TitoMarshal Josip Broz Tito – 4 May 1980) was a Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman. While his presidency has been criticized as authoritarian, Tito was a popular public figure both in Yugoslavia and abroad, viewed as a unifying symbol for the nations of the Yugoslav federation...
, Chairman of the Federal Executive Council of YugoslaviaPrime Minister of YugoslaviaThe Prime Minister or the President of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia was the head of government of the Yugoslav state, from the creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1918 until the end of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1992.-Kingdom of...
(1945–1963)
- Communist Party leader - Josip Broz Tito
North America
-
Canada
- Monarch - Elizabeth IIElizabeth II of the United KingdomElizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
, Queen of Canada (1952–present) - Governor General - Vincent MasseyVincent MasseyCharles Vincent Massey was a Canadian lawyer and diplomat who served as Governor General of Canada, the 18th since Canadian Confederation....
, Governor General of CanadaGovernor General of CanadaThe Governor General of Canada is the federal viceregal representative of the Canadian monarch, Queen Elizabeth II...
(1952–1959) - Prime Minister - Louis St. LaurentLouis St. LaurentLouis Stephen St. Laurent, PC, CC, QC , was the 12th Prime Minister of Canada from 15 November 1948, to 21 June 1957....
, Prime Minister of CanadaPrime Minister of CanadaThe Prime Minister of Canada is the primary minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus head of government for Canada, charged with advising the Canadian monarch or viceroy on the exercise of the executive powers vested in them by the constitution...
(1948–1957)
- Monarch - Elizabeth II
-
Costa Rica
- President -
- Otilio Ulate BlancoOtilio Ulate BlancoLuis Emilio Rafael Otilio Gonzalez Ulate y Blanco served as President of Costa Rica from 1949 to 1953. His French heritage comes from his mother, Ermida Blanco...
, President of Costa Rica (1949–1953) - José Figueres FerrerJosé Figueres FerrerJosé María Hipólito Figueres Ferrer , served as President of Costa Rica on three occasions:1948–1949, 1953–1958, and 1970–1974....
, President of Costa Rica (1953–1958)
- Otilio Ulate Blanco
- President -
-
Cuba
- President - Fulgencio BatistaFulgencio BatistaFulgencio Batista y Zaldívar was the United States-aligned Cuban President, dictator and military leader who served as the leader of Cuba from 1933 to 1944 and from 1952 to 1959, before being overthrown as a result of the Cuban Revolution....
, President of Cuba (1952–1959)
- President - Fulgencio Batista
-
Dominican Republic
- President - Héctor TrujilloHéctor TrujilloHector Bienvenido Trujillo Molina , general, and political figure; president of Dominican Republic 1952-1960; brother of Rafael Trujillo.-Biography:...
, President of the Dominican Republic (1952–1960)
- President - Héctor Trujillo
-
El Salvador
- President - Óscar OsorioÓscar OsorioÓscar Osorio ruled as a member of the revolutionary government Council of December 14, 1948 to September 14, 1950...
, President of El SalvadorPresident of El SalvadorThis page contains a list of Presidents of El Salvador.-Heads of State of El Salvador within the Federal Republic of Central America :*Pedro Barriere : 21 September 1821 - 28 November 1821*José Matías Delgado : 28 Nov 1821 - 9 February 1823...
(1950–1956)
- President - Óscar Osorio
-
Guatemala
- President - Jacobo Árbenz GuzmánJacobo Arbenz GuzmánColonel Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán was a Guatemalan military officer and politician who served as Defense Minister of Guatemala from 1944–1951, and as President of Guatemala from 1951 to 1954....
, President of GuatemalaPresident of GuatemalaThe title of President of Guatemala has been the usual title of the leader of Guatemala since 1839, when that title was assumed by Mariano Rivera Paz...
(1951–1954)
- President - Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán
-
Haiti
- President - Paul MagloirePaul MagloirePaul Eugène Magloire was a Haïtian military ruler from 1950 to 1956.Paul Magloire was born a general's son. In 1946 he participated in a successful coup against the president, Élie Lescot...
, President of HaitiPresident of HaitiThe President of the Republic of Haiti is the head of state of Haiti. Executive power in Haiti is divided between the president and the government headed by the Prime Minister of Haiti...
(1950–1956)
- President - Paul Magloire
-
Honduras
- President - Juan Manuel GálvezJuan Manuel GálvezJuan Manuel Gálvez Durón was President of Honduras from 1 January 1949 until 5 December 1954. His election, for the National Party of Honduras , ended the 16-year dictatorship of Tiburcio Carías Andino....
, President of HondurasPresident of HondurasThis page lists the Presidents of Honduras.Colonial Honduras declared its independence from Spain on 15 September 1821. From 5 January 1822 to 1 July 1823, Honduras was part of the First Mexican Empire of Agustín de Iturbide....
(1949–1954)
- President - Juan Manuel Gálvez
-
Mexico
- President - Adolfo Ruiz CortinesAdolfo Ruiz CortinesAdolfo Ruiz Cortines was President of Mexico from 1952 to 1958, representing the Institutional Revolutionary Party he was one of the oldest presidents of Mexico...
, President of Mexico (1952–1958)
- President - Adolfo Ruiz Cortines
-
Nicaragua
- President - Anastasio Somoza GarcíaAnastasio Somoza GarcíaAnastasio Somoza García was officially the President of Nicaragua from 1 January 1937 to 1 May 1947 and from 21 May 1950 to 29 September 1956, but ruled effectively as dictator from 1936 until his assassination.-Biography:Somoza was born in San Marcos, Carazo Department in Nicaragua, the son of...
, President of NicaraguaPresident of NicaraguaThe position of President of Nicaragua was created in the Constitution of 1854. From 1825 until the Constitution of 1838 the title of the position was known as Head of State and from 1838 to 1854 as Supreme Director .-Heads of State of Nicaragua within the Federal Republic of Central America...
(1950–1956)
- President - Anastasio Somoza García
-
Panama
- President - José Antonio Remón CanteraJosé Antonio Remón CanteraJosé Antonio Remón Cantera , was president of Panama from 1 October 1952 until his murder by machine-gun fire at a Panama City racetrack - on 2 January 1955. He belonged to the National Patriotic Coalition....
, President of Panama (1952–1955)
- President - José Antonio Remón Cantera
-
United States
- President -
- Harry S. TrumanHarry S. TrumanHarry S. Truman was the 33rd President of the United States . As President Franklin D. Roosevelt's third vice president and the 34th Vice President of the United States , he succeeded to the presidency on April 12, 1945, when President Roosevelt died less than three months after beginning his...
, President of the United StatesPresident of the United StatesThe President of the United States of America is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces....
(1945–1953) - Dwight D. EisenhowerDwight D. EisenhowerDwight David "Ike" Eisenhower was the 34th President of the United States, from 1953 until 1961. He was a five-star general in the United States Army...
, President of the United StatesPresident of the United StatesThe President of the United States of America is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces....
(1953–1961)
- Harry S. Truman
- President -
Oceania
-
Australia
- Monarch - Elizabeth IIElizabeth II of the United KingdomElizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
, Queen of Australia (1952–present) - Governor-General -
- Sir William McKellWilliam McKellSir William John McKell GCMG , Australian politician, was Premier of New South Wales from 1941 to 1947, and was the 12th Governor-General of Australia. He was also the oldest Governor General of Australia, at 93 when he died....
, Governor-General of AustraliaGovernor-General of AustraliaThe Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia is the representative in Australia at federal/national level of the Australian monarch . He or she exercises the supreme executive power of the Commonwealth...
(1947–1953) - Sir William Slim, Governor-General of AustraliaGovernor-General of AustraliaThe Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia is the representative in Australia at federal/national level of the Australian monarch . He or she exercises the supreme executive power of the Commonwealth...
(1953–1960)
- Sir William McKell
- Prime Minister - Robert MenziesRobert MenziesSir Robert Gordon Menzies, , Australian politician, was the 12th and longest-serving Prime Minister of Australia....
, Prime Minister of AustraliaPrime Minister of AustraliaThe Prime Minister of the Commonwealth of Australia is the highest minister of the Crown, leader of the Cabinet and Head of Her Majesty's Australian Government, holding office on commission from the Governor-General of Australia. The office of Prime Minister is, in practice, the most powerful...
(1949–1966)
- Monarch - Elizabeth II
-
New Zealand
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New ZealandMonarchy in New ZealandThe monarchy of New Zealand also referred to as The Crown in Right of New Zealand, Her Majesty in Right of New Zealand, or The Queen in Right of New Zealand is the constitutional system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign and head of state of the Realm of New Zealand,...
(1952–present) - Governor-General - Sir Willoughby NorrieCharles Norrie, 1st Baron NorrieLieutenant-General Charles Willoughby Moke Norrie, 1st Baron Norrie GCMG, GCVO, CB, DSO, MC & Bar was a British Army general during World War II, following which he served terms as Governor of South Australia and the eighth Governor-General of New Zealand.-Army career:After education at Eton and...
, Governor-General of New ZealandGovernor-General of New ZealandThe Governor-General of New Zealand is the representative of the monarch of New Zealand . The Governor-General acts as the Queen's vice-regal representative in New Zealand and is often viewed as the de facto head of state....
(1952–1957) - Prime Minister - Sidney HollandSidney HollandSir Sidney George Holland, GCMG, CH was the 25th Prime Minister of New Zealand from 13 December 1949 to 20 September 1957.-Early life:...
, Prime Minister of New ZealandPrime Minister of New ZealandThe Prime Minister of New Zealand is New Zealand's head of government consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the Parliament of New Zealand...
(1949–1957)
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand
South America
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Argentina
- President - Juan PerónJuan PerónJuan Domingo Perón was an Argentine military officer, and politician. Perón was three times elected as President of Argentina though he only managed to serve one full term, after serving in several government positions, including the Secretary of Labor and the Vice Presidency...
, President of ArgentinaPresident of ArgentinaThe President of the Argentine Nation , usually known as the President of Argentina, is the head of state of Argentina. Under the national Constitution, the President is also the chief executive of the federal government and Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces.Through Argentine history, the...
(1946–1955)
- President - Juan Perón
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Bolivia
- President - Víctor Paz EstenssoroVíctor Paz EstenssoroÁngel Víctor Paz Estenssoro was a politician and president of Bolivia. He ran for president 8 times , winning in 1951, 1960, 1964, and 1985....
, President of BoliviaPresident of BoliviaThe President of Bolivia is head of state and head of government of Bolivia. According to the current Constitution, the president is elected by popular vote to a five year term, renewable once...
(1952–1956)
- President - Víctor Paz Estenssoro
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Brazil
- President - Getúlio VargasGetúlio VargasGetúlio Dornelles Vargas served as President of Brazil, first as dictator, from 1930 to 1945, and in a democratically elected term from 1951 until his suicide in 1954. Vargas led Brazil for 18 years, the most for any President, and second in Brazilian history to Emperor Pedro II...
, President of BrazilPresident of BrazilThe president of Brazil is both the head of state and head of government of the Federative Republic of Brazil. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the Brazilian Armed Forces...
(1951–1954)
- President - Getúlio Vargas
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Chile
- President - Carlos Ibáñez del CampoCarlos Ibáñez del CampoGeneral Carlos Ibáñez del Campo was a Chilean Army officer and political figure. He served as dictator between 1927 and 1931 and as constitutional President from 1952 to 1958.- The coups of 1924 and 1925 :...
, President of Chile (1952–1958)
- President - Carlos Ibáñez del Campo
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Colombia
- President -
- Roberto Urdaneta ArbeláezRoberto Urdaneta ArbeláezRoberto Urdaneta Arbeláez was a Colombian Conservative party politician who served as President of Colombia from November 1951 until June 1953, while President Laureano Gómez was absent due to health issues.- Biographic data :...
, President of ColombiaPresident of ColombiaThe President of Colombia is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Colombia. The office of president was established upon the ratification of the Constitution of 1819, by the Congress of Angostura, convened in December 1819, when Colombia was part of "la Gran Colombia"...
(1951–1953) - Gustavo Rojas PinillaGustavo Rojas PinillaGustavo Rojas Pinilla was a Colombian politician, military officer, General of the Army and President of Colombia between 1953 and 1957.- Biographic data :...
, President of ColombiaPresident of ColombiaThe President of Colombia is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Colombia. The office of president was established upon the ratification of the Constitution of 1819, by the Congress of Angostura, convened in December 1819, when Colombia was part of "la Gran Colombia"...
(1953–1957)
- Roberto Urdaneta Arbeláez
- President -
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Ecuador
- President - José María Velasco IbarraJosé María Velasco IbarraJosé María Velasco Ibarra was an Ecuadorian political figure. He served as the president of Ecuador from 1934–1935, 1944–1947, 1952–1956, 1960–1961, and 1968-1972. He only served one of those terms without being ousted by the army, from 1952-1956.-Early life and career:Velasco Ibarra was born on...
, President of Ecuador (1952–1956)
- President - José María Velasco Ibarra
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Paraguay
- President - Federico ChávezFederico ChávezDr. Federico Chaves Careaga was a Paraguayan politician and soldier who served as President of Paraguay from September 10, 1949 to May 5, 1954. He was a member of the Colorado Party....
, President of ParaguayPresident of ParaguayThe President of Paraguay is according to the Paraguayan Constitution the Chief of the Executive branch of the Government of Paraguay...
(1949–1954)
- President - Federico Chávez
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Peru
- President - Manuel A. OdríaManuel A. OdríaManuel Arturo Odría Amoretti was the President of Peru from 1948 to 1956.Manuel Odría was born in 1897 in Tarma, a city in the central Andes just east of Lima. He graduated first in his class from the Chorillos Military Academy in 1915. He joined the army and as a lieutenant-colonel was a war...
, President of Peru (1950–1956) - Prime Minister - Zenón Noriega AgüeroZenón Noriega AgüeroZenón Noriega Agüero was a Peruvian army general who formally was president of a military Junta for two months in 1950.- Biography :...
, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (1950–1954)
- President - Manuel A. Odría
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Uruguay
- Head of State - Andrés Martínez TruebaAndrés Martínez Trueba-Background:Martínez Trueba was born in Montevideo and grew up in the Peñarol area, graduating from university with a degree in pharmaceutical chemistry.-Earlier career:...
, President of the National Council of Government of Uruguay (1951–1955)
- Head of State - Andrés Martínez Trueba
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Venezuela
- President - Marcos Pérez JiménezMarcos Pérez JiménezMarcos Evangelista Pérez Jiménez was a soldier and Presidents of Venezuela from 1952 to 1958.-Career:Marcos Evangelista Pérez Jiménez was born in Michelena, Táchira State. His father, Juan Pérez Bustamante, was a farmer; his mother, Adela Jiménez, a schoolteacher...
, President of Venezuela (1952–1958)
- President - Marcos Pérez Jiménez