Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1, also known as MAPK1, p42MAPK, and ERK2, is an enzyme

Enzyme

Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process, called substrates, are converted into different molecules, called products. Almost all chemical reactions in a biological cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates...

 that in humans is encoded by the MAPK1 gene

Gene

A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...

.

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases, also known as extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation

Cellular differentiation

In developmental biology, cellular differentiation is the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as the organism changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of...

, transcription regulation and development. The activation of this kinase

Kinase

In chemistry and biochemistry, a kinase is a type of enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from high-energy donor molecules, such as ATP, to specific substrates, a process referred to as phosphorylation. Kinases are part of the larger family of phosphotransferases...

 requires its phosphorylation

Phosphorylation

Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate group to a protein or other organic molecule. Phosphorylation activates or deactivates many protein enzymes....

 by upstream kinase

Kinase

In chemistry and biochemistry, a kinase is a type of enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from high-energy donor molecules, such as ATP, to specific substrates, a process referred to as phosphorylation. Kinases are part of the larger family of phosphotransferases...

s. Upon activation, this kinase translocates to the nucleus

Cell nucleus

In cell biology, the nucleus is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells. It contains most of the cell's genetic material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules in complex with a large variety of proteins, such as histones, to form chromosomes. The genes within these...

 of the stimulated cells, where it phosphorylates

Phosphorylation

Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate group to a protein or other organic molecule. Phosphorylation activates or deactivates many protein enzymes....

 nuclear targets. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein, but differing in the UTRs, have been reported for this gene.

Interactions

MAPK1 has been shown to interact

Protein-protein interaction

Protein–protein interactions occur when two or more proteins bind together, often to carry out their biological function. Many of the most important molecular processes in the cell such as DNA replication are carried out by large molecular machines that are built from a large number of protein...

 with TSC2

TSC2

Tuberous sclerosis protein 2, also known as TSC2 and Tuberin, is a human protein and gene.-Interactions:TSC2 has been shown to interact with FOXO1, GSK3B, Peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase, RAP1A, MAPK1, AKT1, AXIN1, TSC1, PTK2, Protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1, YWHAZ, RPS6KA1,...

, PEA15

PEA15

Astrocytic phosphoprotein PEA-15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PEA15 gene.PEA15 is a death effector domain -containing protein predominantly expressed in the central nervous system, particularly in astrocytes....

, DUSP1

DUSP1

Dual specificity protein phosphatase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DUSP1 gene.-Interactions:DUSP1 has been shown to interact with MAPK14, MAPK1 and MAPK8.-Further reading:...

, NEK2

NEK2

Serine/threonine-protein kinase Nek2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NEK2 gene.-Interactions:NEK2 has been shown to interact with MAPK1 and NDC80.-Further reading:...

, DUSP3

DUSP3

Dual specificity protein phosphatase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DUSP3 gene.-Interactions:DUSP3 has been shown to interact with MAPK3 and MAPK1.-Further reading:...

, STAT5A

STAT5A

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STAT5A gene. STAT5A orthologs have been identified in several placentals for which complete genome data are available.-Interactions:...

, MAPK14

MAPK14

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14, also called p38-α, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPK14 gene.-Interactions:MAPK14 has been shown to interact with Casein kinase 2, alpha 1, RPS6KA4, MAPKAPK2, CDC25B, DUSP1, ZFP36L1, CDC25C, MAPKAPK3, Activating transcription factor 2, MAPK1,...

, FHL2

FHL2

Four and a half LIM domains protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FHL2 gene.-Interactions:FHL2 has been shown to interact with Beta-catenin, Titin, Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 16, Integrin, beta 6, Androgen receptor, ITGA7, CREB1, MAPK1, CD49c, ZNF638, BRCA1,...

, TNIP1

TNIP1

TNFAIP3-interacting protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNIP1 gene.-Interactions:TNIP1 has been shown to interact with TNFAIP3 and MAPK1.-Further reading:...

, RPS6KA3

RPS6KA3

Ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 90kDa, polypeptide 3, also known as RPS6KA3, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RPS6KA3 gene.- Function :This gene encodes a member of the RSK family of serine/threonine kinases...

, RPS6KA2

RPS6KA2

Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RPS6KA2 gene.-Interactions:RPS6KA2 has been shown to interact with MAPK3 and MAPK1.-Further reading:...

, MAP2K1

MAP2K1

Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAP2K1 gene.- Function :The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the dual specificity protein kinase family, which acts as a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase...

, RPS6KA1

RPS6KA1

HU-1 redirects here. For the helicopter, see UH-1 Iroquois.Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RPS6KA1 gene.-Interactions:RPS6KA1 has been shown to interact with YWHAB, MAPK1, IκBα, TOB1 and TSC2....

, PTPN7

PTPN7

Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 7 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPN7 gene.-Interactions:PTPN7 has been shown to interact with MAPK3 and MAPK1.-Further reading:...

, MKNK1

MKNK1

MAP kinase-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MKNK1 gene.-Interactions:MKNK1 has been shown to interact with MAPK1 and Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma.-Further reading:...

, CIITA

CIITA

CIITA is a human gene which encodes a protein called the class II, major histocompatibility complex, transactivator. Mutations in this gene are responsible for the bare lymphocyte syndrome in which the immune system is severely compromised and cannot effectively fight infection...

, TOB1

TOB1

Protein Tob1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TOB1 gene.-Interactions:TOB1 has been shown to interact with MARCKS, RPS6KA1, CNOT7, MAPK1 and Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9.-Further reading:...

, Phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1

Phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1

Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PEBP1 gene.-Interactions:Phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1 has been shown to interact with MAP2K1, C-Raf and MAPK1.-Further reading:...

, DUSP22

DUSP22

Dual specificity protein phosphatase 22 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DUSP22 gene.-Interactions:DUSP22 has been shown to interact with MAPK1 and MAPK8.-Further reading:...

, Myc

Myc

Myc is a regulator gene that codes for a transcription factor. In the human genome, Myc is located on chromosome 8 and is believed to regulate expression of 15% of all genes through binding on Enhancer Box sequences and recruiting histone acetyltransferases...

, ADAM17

ADAM17

ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17 , also called TACE , is a 70-kDa enzyme that belongs to the ADAM protein family of disintegrins and metalloproteases.- Chemical characteristics :...

, SORBS3

SORBS3

Vinexin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SORBS3 gene.-Interactions:SORBS3 has been shown to interact with DLG5 and MAPK1.-Further reading:...

, ELK1

ELK1

E twenty-six -like transcription factor 1, also known as Elk1, functions as a transcription activator. It is classified as a ternary complex factor , a subclass of the ETS family, which is characterized by a common protein domain that regulates DNA binding to target sequences...

, VAV1

VAV1

Proto-oncogene vav is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VAV1 gene.-Interactions:VAV1 has been shown to interact with Ku70, PLCG1, Lymphocyte cytosolic protein 2, Janus kinase 2, SIAH2, S100B, Abl gene, ARHGDIB, SHB, PIK3R1, PRKCQ, Grb2, MAPK1, Syk, Linker of activated T cells, Cbl gene and...

, HDAC4

HDAC4

Histone deacetylase 4, also known as HDAC4, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the HDAC4 gene.- Function :Histones play a critical role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, and developmental events. Histone acetylation/deacetylation alters chromosome structure and affects...

, MKNK2

MKNK2

MAP kinase-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MKNK2 gene.-Interactions:MKNK2 has been shown to interact with MAPK1 and Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma.-Further reading:...

, MAP3K1

MAP3K1

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAP3K1 gene.Mouse genetics has revealed that the kinase is important in: correct embryogenesis, keratinocyte migration, T cell cytokine production and B cell antibody production.-Interactions:MAP3K1 has...

 and UBR5

UBR5

E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase UBR5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the UBR5 gene.-Interactions:UBR5 has been shown to interact with TOPBP1, CIB1, MAPK1 and Karyopherin alpha 1.-Further reading:-External links:*...

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Further reading