Paul Ogorzow
Encyclopedia
Paul Ogorzow also known as the S-Bahn murderer, was a Berlin
-based serial killer
and rapist
in Nazi Germany
, responsible for several deaths and attempted murders during a ten-month period between September 1940 and July 1941, when he was finally apprehended and executed at Plötzensee
prison.
, Masuren
. He was the illegitimate child of a farm servant, Marie Saga. Paul's grandfather filled his birth certificate just with three crosses and the name, Paul Saga.
In 1924, Paul was adopted by Johann Ogorzow, a farm laborer of the Wachow village, Nauen
. Paul adopted his surname. He worked at the farm, and later he was a hard worker at a steel
foundry
in Brandenburg
.
In 1934, the Reichsbahn
(National Railroad) hired him as a track laying labourer. He steadily worked his way up through the company until he ended up working as an assistant signalman at Rummelsburg
in the eastern suburbs of Berlin
, close to Karlshorst
. This was the area, round which the crimes happened.
In 1931, Paul Ogorzow joined the Nazi Party. In 1932 he also joined the Nazi Stormtrooper force
, and by the time of his crimes, circa 1940, he had achieved the rank of Sergeant
.
orchard in the backyard. At his last trial Ogorzow's wife would claim that he would often get violent, making unfounded claims of her being unfaithful to him.
Paul Ogorzow traveled to his job daily, either by train, walking or by bicycle. He was well regarded by his railway coworkers. He was reliable, operating both the light signals
and the telegraph. Although Paul Ogorzow worked about the Zobtener road, he was often dispatched to work along the S-Bahn, always wearing his uniform.
As soon as they shifted to their new Dorotheastraße home, Paul Ogorzow began his rapes, attacking women around the Friedrichsfelde
area of summerhouse
s http://www.stadtschnellbahn-berlin.de/geschichte/personen/ogorzow/images/plan.jpg, through which the S-Bahn
passed. At that time, that neighborhood consisted mostly of solitary housewives, whose husbands had been dispatched to fight in the war. The police had already become aware of about 31 cases of rape
and sexual assaults, all of which were committed by Ogorzow. During his attacks, he would either choke the victim, threaten her with a knife, or hit her with a blunt object. In their statements all the victims mentioned their attacker's railway uniform.
However, one night Paul Ogorzow attacked a woman, and two male acquaintances rushed to her aid. Ogorzow managed to escape after being severely beaten, and he decided to change his modus operandi
to kill all subsequent victims.
railway section, between the Betriebsbahnhof Rummelsburg
and Friedrichshagen
train station
s. Wearing his working clothes, Ogorzow waited aboard empty carriages for potential victims. The train passenger carriages weren't illuminated at the time because of the blackout
of Berlin. He relied on the fact that any lone women passengers wouldn't be suspicious of a uniformed employee of the S-Bahn, Ogorzow approached his victims asking for their ticket
, and then he strangled, or -most usually- hit the victim with a 2-inch-thick lead
telephony
cable from the S-Bahn. After his rape Ogorzow would drag the victim to the door of the carriage and throw the dead body from the moving train. Ogorzow never stole any belongings of his victims.
However, the Nazi authorities censored any bad news, and even the German Minister of Propaganda
Joseph Goebbels
had issued a direct censorship order about the S-Bahn series of murders. Thus, Commissioner
Wilhelm Lüdtke, chief of Berlin's Kriminalpolizei
(Serious Crimes Unit) wasn't able to publicly seek information about the rapes or murders or to warn the population about traveling on train at night. Instead, Lüdtke sent out his best detectives to discreetly deal with the case.
The operation was already underway by December, 1940. 5,000 of 8,000 Berlin rail workers had been interviewed. The police patrols were doubled over the S-Bahn section, and the Nazi Party dispatched some of its soldiers to personally protect those unaccompanied women who commuted through the area. Female police officers and assistant detectives were used as bait aboard second-class carriages in an attempt to catch Ogorzow once and for all. Other agents were disguised as railway workers. At each station each commuter was watched. Ironically, Ogorzow volunteered himself for escorting solitary women during the night hours.
Such an operation would normally net no more than a handful of petty criminals totally unrelated to the case. Paul Ogorzow didn't commit any crimes from February 1941 to July 3, when he killed once more. His last crime was when he raped and fractured the skull
of a woman in the original Friedrichsfelde area where he had started his wave of sex crimes.
However, chief Wilhelm Lüdtke inspected Ogorzow's railway uniforms, and all of them bore blood stains. Ogorzow was then detained in July, 1941. In an intimidating interrogation in a small room under the light of a single light bulb
, Paul Ogorzow was confronted with one of his severely injured victims and a tray with the skulls of several of his victims. Before Lüdtke, his fellow SA
officer, Ogorzow willingly confessed his crimes, yet he blamed his murdering spree on suffering from alcoholism
claiming that a Jewish doctor had treated him incompetently for gonorrhea
. On July 21, Paul Ogorzow was expelled from the Nazi Party.
Ogorzow eventually pleaded guilty to eight murder
s, six attempted murder
s and thirty one cases of assault
. He was promptly sentenced on July 24, by the Third Special Court of the Berlin district, with all the evidence and in the presence of eight witnesses. The final charges were of criminal violence, and an enemy of the people. Paul Ogorzow was then executed by guillotine
, at the Plotzensee
prison on July 26, 1941.
has suggested that the Kriminalpolizei were hampered in their investigations by several concurrent obstacles.
Firstly, Berlin had instituted rigorous wartime media censorship, in order not to spread panic and demoralise civilians on the homefront. These restrictions meant that there were only cursory details about each case, which impeded the progress of the investigation.
Secondly, due to Allied bombing raids on the German capital, blackout
conditions were necessary to shield strategically important targets from airborne scrutiny and destruction. As a side effect, however, these conditions were also conducive to criminal activity. Ogorzow himself exploited the blackout, using it to stalk his victims and then disappear from possible surveillance using shadow cover.
Thirdly, Berlin rail appears to have had a poor health and safety record, which meant that the Kriminalpolizei had to deal with surplus cadaver
s and resultant forensic overload.
Finally, anti-Semitism
and xenophobia
initially deflected Kriminalpolizei scrutiny from the possibility that the perpetrator was a German citizen, rather than an Italian, Polish or French
forced labourer in one of the adjacent factories to the rail network, or, primarily for ideological reasons, a local Jew. In the event, Ogorzow turned to have been a member of the Nazi Party and SA
, without any other criminal record.
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
-based serial killer
Serial killer
A serial killer, as typically defined, is an individual who has murdered three or more people over a period of more than a month, with down time between the murders, and whose motivation for killing is usually based on psychological gratification...
and rapist
Rape
Rape is a type of sexual assault usually involving sexual intercourse, which is initiated by one or more persons against another person without that person's consent. The act may be carried out by physical force, coercion, abuse of authority or with a person who is incapable of valid consent. The...
in Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by...
, responsible for several deaths and attempted murders during a ten-month period between September 1940 and July 1941, when he was finally apprehended and executed at Plötzensee
Plötzensee
Plötzensee is a small glacial lake in Berlin. It is situated near the Rehberge public park in the former borough of Wedding, now a part of Mitte. The name stems from Plötze, one name for the roach in German, as the lake formerly teemed with it....
prison.
Early life
Paul Ogorzow was born on September 29, 1912, at MuntowenMuntowo
Muntowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mrągowo, within Mrągowo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Mrągowo and east of the regional capital Olsztyn....
, Masuren
Mazury (disambiguation)
Mazury, or Masuria, is a region in north Poland.Mazury may refer to:*Mazury , a breed of horse*Mazury, Greater Poland Voivodeship , a village in west-central Poland*Mazury, Łódź Voivodeship, a village in central Poland...
. He was the illegitimate child of a farm servant, Marie Saga. Paul's grandfather filled his birth certificate just with three crosses and the name, Paul Saga.
In 1924, Paul was adopted by Johann Ogorzow, a farm laborer of the Wachow village, Nauen
Nauen
Nauen is a town in the Havelland district, in Brandenburg, Germany. It is situated 38 km west of Berlin and 26 km northwest of Potsdam.-History:...
. Paul adopted his surname. He worked at the farm, and later he was a hard worker at a steel
Steel
Steel is an alloy that consists mostly of iron and has a carbon content between 0.2% and 2.1% by weight, depending on the grade. Carbon is the most common alloying material for iron, but various other alloying elements are used, such as manganese, chromium, vanadium, and tungsten...
foundry
Foundry
A foundry is a factory that produces metal castings. Metals are cast into shapes by melting them into a liquid, pouring the metal in a mold, and removing the mold material or casting after the metal has solidified as it cools. The most common metals processed are aluminum and cast iron...
in Brandenburg
Brandenburg
Brandenburg is one of the sixteen federal-states of Germany. It lies in the east of the country and is one of the new federal states that were re-created in 1990 upon the reunification of the former West Germany and East Germany. The capital is Potsdam...
.
In 1934, the Reichsbahn
Deutsche Reichsbahn
Deutsche Reichsbahn was the name of the following two companies:* Deutsche Reichsbahn, the German Imperial Railways during the Weimar Republic, the Third Reich and the immediate aftermath...
(National Railroad) hired him as a track laying labourer. He steadily worked his way up through the company until he ended up working as an assistant signalman at Rummelsburg
Rummelsburg railway station
Berlin-Rummelsburg is a railway station in the Lichtenberg district of Berlin. It is served by the S-Bahn line .-External links:...
in the eastern suburbs of Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
, close to Karlshorst
Karlshorst
Karlshorst is a locality in the borough of Lichtenberg in Berlin. It houses a harness racing track and the Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin , the largest University of Applied Sciences in Berlin, and the German-Russian Museum Berlin-Karlshorst.-History:Established in 1895 as the...
. This was the area, round which the crimes happened.
In 1931, Paul Ogorzow joined the Nazi Party. In 1932 he also joined the Nazi Stormtrooper force
Sturmabteilung
The Sturmabteilung functioned as a paramilitary organization of the National Socialist German Workers' Party . It played a key role in Adolf Hitler's rise to power in the 1920s and 1930s...
, and by the time of his crimes, circa 1940, he had achieved the rank of Sergeant
Sergeant
Sergeant is a rank used in some form by most militaries, police forces, and other uniformed organizations around the world. Its origins are the Latin serviens, "one who serves", through the French term Sergent....
.
Domestic life
In 1937, Paul Ogorzow married Gertrude, a saleswoman two years younger than himself. They had two children, a son and a daughter. Initially, they lived with Paul Ogorzow's mother, at an apartment on the Dorotheastraße of a Laubenviertel, an area of allotments, summerhouses and tenement shacks. Then, they moved to a nearby apartment, in the suburb of Karlshorst. Paul Ogorzow would be remembered for often being seen playing with his children, and spending a lot of time in the garden round his home, also tending a small cherryCherry
The cherry is the fruit of many plants of the genus Prunus, and is a fleshy stone fruit. The cherry fruits of commerce are usually obtained from a limited number of species, including especially cultivars of the wild cherry, Prunus avium....
orchard in the backyard. At his last trial Ogorzow's wife would claim that he would often get violent, making unfounded claims of her being unfaithful to him.
Paul Ogorzow traveled to his job daily, either by train, walking or by bicycle. He was well regarded by his railway coworkers. He was reliable, operating both the light signals
Signalman (rail)
A signalman or signaller is an employee of a railway transport network who operates the points and signals from a signal box in order to control the movement of trains.- History :...
and the telegraph. Although Paul Ogorzow worked about the Zobtener road, he was often dispatched to work along the S-Bahn, always wearing his uniform.
Early crimes
After his capture, Paul Ogorzow detailed his own actions, allowing a precise reconstruction of his crimes.As soon as they shifted to their new Dorotheastraße home, Paul Ogorzow began his rapes, attacking women around the Friedrichsfelde
Friedrichsfelde
Friedrichsfelde is a German locality within the borough of Lichtenberg, Berlin.-History:The locality was first mentioned in a document of 1265 with the name of Rosenfelde. In 1699 it was renamed Friedrichsfelde after the Prince-Elector Frederick III of Brandenburg...
area of summerhouse
Summerhouse
Summerhouse can refer to:*Summer house*Summerhouse, County Durham*"The Summerhouse", a song by The Divine Comedy...
s http://www.stadtschnellbahn-berlin.de/geschichte/personen/ogorzow/images/plan.jpg, through which the S-Bahn
S-Bahn
S-Bahn refers to an often combined city center and suburban railway system metro in Austria, Germany, Switzerland and Denmark...
passed. At that time, that neighborhood consisted mostly of solitary housewives, whose husbands had been dispatched to fight in the war. The police had already become aware of about 31 cases of rape
Rape
Rape is a type of sexual assault usually involving sexual intercourse, which is initiated by one or more persons against another person without that person's consent. The act may be carried out by physical force, coercion, abuse of authority or with a person who is incapable of valid consent. The...
and sexual assaults, all of which were committed by Ogorzow. During his attacks, he would either choke the victim, threaten her with a knife, or hit her with a blunt object. In their statements all the victims mentioned their attacker's railway uniform.
However, one night Paul Ogorzow attacked a woman, and two male acquaintances rushed to her aid. Ogorzow managed to escape after being severely beaten, and he decided to change his modus operandi
Modus operandi
Modus operandi is a Latin phrase, approximately translated as "mode of operation". The term is used to describe someone's habits or manner of working, their method of operating or functioning...
to kill all subsequent victims.
The murders
In September, 1940, Paul Ogorzow started his assaults along the 9-kilometer S-BahnS-Bahn
S-Bahn refers to an often combined city center and suburban railway system metro in Austria, Germany, Switzerland and Denmark...
railway section, between the Betriebsbahnhof Rummelsburg
Betriebsbahnhof Rummelsburg railway station
Berlin-Betriebsbahnhof Rummelsburg is a railway station in the Lichtenberg district of Berlin. It is served by the S-Bahn line .-External links:...
and Friedrichshagen
Friedrichshagen railway station
Berlin-Friedrichshagen is a railway station in the Treptow-Köpenick district of Berlin. It is served by the S-Bahn line .-External links:...
train station
Train station
A train station, also called a railroad station or railway station and often shortened to just station,"Station" is commonly understood to mean "train station" unless otherwise qualified. This is evident from dictionary entries e.g...
s. Wearing his working clothes, Ogorzow waited aboard empty carriages for potential victims. The train passenger carriages weren't illuminated at the time because of the blackout
Blackout (wartime)
A blackout during war, or apprehended war, is the practice of collectively minimizing outdoor light, including upwardly directed light. This was done in the 20th century to prevent crews of enemy aircraft from being able to navigate to their targets simply by sight, for example during the London...
of Berlin. He relied on the fact that any lone women passengers wouldn't be suspicious of a uniformed employee of the S-Bahn, Ogorzow approached his victims asking for their ticket
Train ticket
A train ticket is a ticket issued by a railway operator that enables the bearer to travel on the operator's network or a partner's network. Tickets can authorize the bearer to travel a set itinerary at a specific time , a set itinerary at any time , a set itinerary at multiple times, or an...
, and then he strangled, or -most usually- hit the victim with a 2-inch-thick lead
Lead
Lead is a main-group element in the carbon group with the symbol Pb and atomic number 82. Lead is a soft, malleable poor metal. It is also counted as one of the heavy metals. Metallic lead has a bluish-white color after being freshly cut, but it soon tarnishes to a dull grayish color when exposed...
telephony
Telephony
In telecommunications, telephony encompasses the general use of equipment to provide communication over distances, specifically by connecting telephones to each other....
cable from the S-Bahn. After his rape Ogorzow would drag the victim to the door of the carriage and throw the dead body from the moving train. Ogorzow never stole any belongings of his victims.
The investigation
Two of Paul Ogorzow's victims, who had been raped and thrown from the S-Bahn, survived to describe the attack and murder attempt, telling about an S-Bahn employee in a black uniform to the police. By December, 1940, as other similar crimes were already reported, the police had begun looking for a suspect of Ogorzow's likeness.However, the Nazi authorities censored any bad news, and even the German Minister of Propaganda
Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda
The Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda was Nazi Germany's ministry that enforced Nazi Party ideology in Germany and regulated its culture and society. Founded on March 13, 1933, by Adolf Hitler's new National Socialist government, the Ministry was headed by Dr...
Joseph Goebbels
Joseph Goebbels
Paul Joseph Goebbels was a German politician and Reich Minister of Propaganda in Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. As one of Adolf Hitler's closest associates and most devout followers, he was known for his zealous oratory and anti-Semitism...
had issued a direct censorship order about the S-Bahn series of murders. Thus, Commissioner
Commissioner
Commissioner is in principle the title given to a member of a commission or to an individual who has been given a commission ....
Wilhelm Lüdtke, chief of Berlin's Kriminalpolizei
Kriminalpolizei
is the standard term for the criminal investigation agency within the police forces of Germany, Austria and the German-speaking cantons of Switzerland. In Nazi Germany during 1936, the Kripo became the Criminal Police Department for the entire Reich...
(Serious Crimes Unit) wasn't able to publicly seek information about the rapes or murders or to warn the population about traveling on train at night. Instead, Lüdtke sent out his best detectives to discreetly deal with the case.
The operation was already underway by December, 1940. 5,000 of 8,000 Berlin rail workers had been interviewed. The police patrols were doubled over the S-Bahn section, and the Nazi Party dispatched some of its soldiers to personally protect those unaccompanied women who commuted through the area. Female police officers and assistant detectives were used as bait aboard second-class carriages in an attempt to catch Ogorzow once and for all. Other agents were disguised as railway workers. At each station each commuter was watched. Ironically, Ogorzow volunteered himself for escorting solitary women during the night hours.
Such an operation would normally net no more than a handful of petty criminals totally unrelated to the case. Paul Ogorzow didn't commit any crimes from February 1941 to July 3, when he killed once more. His last crime was when he raped and fractured the skull
Human skull
The human skull is a bony structure, skeleton, that is in the human head and which supports the structures of the face and forms a cavity for the brain.In humans, the adult skull is normally made up of 22 bones...
of a woman in the original Friedrichsfelde area where he had started his wave of sex crimes.
Capture and execution
Paul Ogorzow, who often made misogynist comments and talked of his fascination of killing, was singled out by the police after a coworker reported to the police that Ogorzow often climbed over the fence of the railway depot during work hours. Ogorzow's alibi was that he sneaked out to meet a mistress whose husband was in the Army.However, chief Wilhelm Lüdtke inspected Ogorzow's railway uniforms, and all of them bore blood stains. Ogorzow was then detained in July, 1941. In an intimidating interrogation in a small room under the light of a single light bulb
Incandescent light bulb
The incandescent light bulb, incandescent lamp or incandescent light globe makes light by heating a metal filament wire to a high temperature until it glows. The hot filament is protected from air by a glass bulb that is filled with inert gas or evacuated. In a halogen lamp, a chemical process...
, Paul Ogorzow was confronted with one of his severely injured victims and a tray with the skulls of several of his victims. Before Lüdtke, his fellow SA
Sturmabteilung
The Sturmabteilung functioned as a paramilitary organization of the National Socialist German Workers' Party . It played a key role in Adolf Hitler's rise to power in the 1920s and 1930s...
officer, Ogorzow willingly confessed his crimes, yet he blamed his murdering spree on suffering from alcoholism
Alcoholism
Alcoholism is a broad term for problems with alcohol, and is generally used to mean compulsive and uncontrolled consumption of alcoholic beverages, usually to the detriment of the drinker's health, personal relationships, and social standing...
claiming that a Jewish doctor had treated him incompetently for gonorrhea
Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea is a common sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The usual symptoms in men are burning with urination and penile discharge. Women, on the other hand, are asymptomatic half the time or have vaginal discharge and pelvic pain...
. On July 21, Paul Ogorzow was expelled from the Nazi Party.
Ogorzow eventually pleaded guilty to eight murder
Murder
Murder is the unlawful killing, with malice aforethought, of another human being, and generally this state of mind distinguishes murder from other forms of unlawful homicide...
s, six attempted murder
Attempted murder
Attempted murder is a crime in England and Wales and Northern Ireland.-Today:In English criminal law, attempted murder is the crime of more than merely preparing to commit unlawful killing and at the same time having a specific intention to cause the death of human being under the Queen's Peace...
s and thirty one cases of assault
Assault
In law, assault is a crime causing a victim to fear violence. The term is often confused with battery, which involves physical contact. The specific meaning of assault varies between countries, but can refer to an act that causes another to apprehend immediate and personal violence, or in the more...
. He was promptly sentenced on July 24, by the Third Special Court of the Berlin district, with all the evidence and in the presence of eight witnesses. The final charges were of criminal violence, and an enemy of the people. Paul Ogorzow was then executed by guillotine
Guillotine
The guillotine is a device used for carrying out :executions by decapitation. It consists of a tall upright frame from which an angled blade is suspended. This blade is raised with a rope and then allowed to drop, severing the head from the body...
, at the Plotzensee
Plötzensee
Plötzensee is a small glacial lake in Berlin. It is situated near the Rehberge public park in the former borough of Wedding, now a part of Mitte. The name stems from Plötze, one name for the roach in German, as the lake formerly teemed with it....
prison on July 26, 1941.
Criticism of Kriminalpolizei Investigation
Historian Roger MoorhouseRoger Moorhouse
Roger Moorhouse is a British historian and author. Born in Stockport, Cheshire, he was raised in Hertfordshire and attended Berkhamsted School. Inspired to return to education by the East European Revolutions of 1989, Moorhouse enrolled in the School of Slavonic and East European Studies of the...
has suggested that the Kriminalpolizei were hampered in their investigations by several concurrent obstacles.
Firstly, Berlin had instituted rigorous wartime media censorship, in order not to spread panic and demoralise civilians on the homefront. These restrictions meant that there were only cursory details about each case, which impeded the progress of the investigation.
Secondly, due to Allied bombing raids on the German capital, blackout
Blackout (wartime)
A blackout during war, or apprehended war, is the practice of collectively minimizing outdoor light, including upwardly directed light. This was done in the 20th century to prevent crews of enemy aircraft from being able to navigate to their targets simply by sight, for example during the London...
conditions were necessary to shield strategically important targets from airborne scrutiny and destruction. As a side effect, however, these conditions were also conducive to criminal activity. Ogorzow himself exploited the blackout, using it to stalk his victims and then disappear from possible surveillance using shadow cover.
Thirdly, Berlin rail appears to have had a poor health and safety record, which meant that the Kriminalpolizei had to deal with surplus cadaver
Cadaver
A cadaver is a dead human body.Cadaver may also refer to:* Cadaver tomb, tomb featuring an effigy in the form of a decomposing body* Cadaver , a video game* cadaver A command-line WebDAV client for Unix....
s and resultant forensic overload.
Finally, anti-Semitism
Anti-Semitism
Antisemitism is suspicion of, hatred toward, or discrimination against Jews for reasons connected to their Jewish heritage. According to a 2005 U.S...
and xenophobia
Xenophobia
Xenophobia is defined as "an unreasonable fear of foreigners or strangers or of that which is foreign or strange". It comes from the Greek words ξένος , meaning "stranger," "foreigner" and φόβος , meaning "fear."...
initially deflected Kriminalpolizei scrutiny from the possibility that the perpetrator was a German citizen, rather than an Italian, Polish or French
French people
The French are a nation that share a common French culture and speak the French language as a mother tongue. Historically, the French population are descended from peoples of Celtic, Latin and Germanic origin, and are today a mixture of several ethnic groups...
forced labourer in one of the adjacent factories to the rail network, or, primarily for ideological reasons, a local Jew. In the event, Ogorzow turned to have been a member of the Nazi Party and SA
SA
-Organizations:* S.A. , a type of corporation in various countries* Salvation Army, a Christian denomination founded by William Booth* Sewickley Academy, a private school in the United States...
, without any other criminal record.
Further reading
- Mord-Express. Peter Hiess, Christian Lunzer. ISBN 3-216-30550-3
- Berlin at War: Life and Death in Hitler's Capital, 1939-1945, Roger MoorhouseRoger MoorhouseRoger Moorhouse is a British historian and author. Born in Stockport, Cheshire, he was raised in Hertfordshire and attended Berkhamsted School. Inspired to return to education by the East European Revolutions of 1989, Moorhouse enrolled in the School of Slavonic and East European Studies of the...
, Bodley Head, 2010.