Y-DNA haplogroups by populations of the Caucasus
Encyclopedia
Listed here are notable groups and ethnic groups from Caucasus
by human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups
based on relevant studies. The samples are taken from individuals identified with the ethnic and linguistic designations in the first two columns, the third column gives the amount of total Sample Size studied, and the other columns give the Percentage of the particular haplogroup. (IE = Indo-European, NEC=Northeast Caucasian, NWC=Northwest Caucasian)
Caucasus
The Caucasus, also Caucas or Caucasia , is a geopolitical region at the border of Europe and Asia, and situated between the Black and the Caspian sea...
by human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups
In human genetics, a Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by differences in the non-recombining portions of DNA from the Y chromosome ....
based on relevant studies. The samples are taken from individuals identified with the ethnic and linguistic designations in the first two columns, the third column gives the amount of total Sample Size studied, and the other columns give the Percentage of the particular haplogroup. (IE = Indo-European, NEC=Northeast Caucasian, NWC=Northwest Caucasian)
| Population | Language | n | E1b1b | G Haplogroup G (Y-DNA) In human genetics, Haplogroup G is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. It is a branch of Haplogroup F . Haplogroup G has an overall low frequency in most populations but is widely distributed within many ethnic groups of the Old World in Europe, northern and western Asia, northern Africa, the Middle East,... |
I Haplogroup I (Y-DNA) In human genetics, Haplogroup I is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup, a subgroup of haplogroup IJ, itself a derivative of Haplogroup IJK.... |
J1 Haplogroup J1 (Y-DNA) In human genetics, Y DNA haplogroup J1, also known as J-M267, is a sub-haplogroup of Y DNA haplogroup J, along with its sibling clade Y DNA haplogroup J2. Men with this type of Y DNA share a common paternal ancestry, which is demonstrated and defined by the presence of the SNP mutation referred to... |
J2 Haplogroup J2 (Y-DNA) In human genetics, Haplogroup J2 is a Y-chromosome haplogroup which is a subdivision of haplogroup J. It is further divided into two complementary clades, J2a-M410 and J2b-M12.-Origins:... |
L Haplogroup L (Y-DNA) In human genetics, Haplogroup L is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.-Origins:Haplogroup L is associated with South Asia. It has also been found at low frequencies among populations of Central Asia, Southwest Asia, and Southern Europe along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea... |
R1a Haplogroup R1a (Y-DNA) Haplogroup R1a is the phylogenetic name of a major clade of Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups. In other words, it is a way of grouping a significant part of all modern men according to a shared male-line ancestor. It is common in many parts of Eurasia and is frequently discussed in human... |
R1b Haplogroup R1b (Y-DNA) The point of origin of R1b is thought to lie in Eurasia, most likely in Western Asia. T. Karafet et al. estimated the age of R1, the parent of R1b, as 18,500 years before present.... |
R2 Haplogroup R2 (Y-DNA) - Paragroup R2a* :Paragroup is a term used in population genetics to describe lineages within a haplogroup that are not defined by any additional unique markers... |
T Haplogroup T (Y-DNA) In human genetics, Haplogroup T is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. From 2002 to 2008, it was known as Haplogroup K2. It should not be confused with the mitochondrial DNA haplogroup T, of the same name.... |
Others | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abazinians | NWC (Abkhaz-Ubykh) | 14 | 0 | 29 | 0 | F* | 7 | K | 14 | 0 | 0 | K | K[xP]=14 C*=7 (1/14) F[xI,G,J2,K]=29 |
Nasidze2004 |
| Abkhaz | NWC (Abkhaz-Ubykh) | 12 | 0 | 0 | 33 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 33.0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | — | Nasidze2004 |
| Abkhaz Abkhaz Abkhaz and Abkhazian may refer to:* Something of, from, or related to Abkhazia, a de facto independent region with partial recognition as a sovereign state, otherwise recognized as part of Georgia... |
NWC (Abkhaz-Ubykh) | 58 | 1.7 | P18 Haplogroup G2a1 (Y-DNA) In human genetics, Haplogroup G2a1 is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. It is a branch of haplogroup G , and more specifically of haplogroup G2 and most specifically of haplogroup G2a... =12.1 P303 Haplogroup G2a3b1 (Y-DNA) In human genetics, Haplogroup G2a3b1 is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. It is a branch of haplogroup G . In descending order, G2a3b1 is additionally a branch of G2 , G2a , G2a3 and finally G2a3b . This haplogroup represents the majority of haplogroup G men in most areas of Europe west of Russia and... =20.7 other=24.1 |
0 | 0 | J2*=5.2 J2-M67=8.6 |
L2=3.4 | 10.3 | 12.1 | NT | 1.7 | - | Balanovsky 2011 |
| Adygei (Kabardin) | NWC (Adigei) | 59 | 0 | F | 11.9 | K | 0 | K | F[xG,I,J2,K]=23.7 K[xP]=15.3 P[xR1,R2]=6.8 |
|||||
| Adygei/ "Circassians" |
NWC (Adygei) | - | 0.0 | 31.3 | I*=1.4 I2a=2.9 |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | — | various |
| Adygei(Shapsugs Shapsugs Shapsugs are a people/tribe of the Adyghe branch, who are currently living in Tuapsinsky District of Krasnodar Krai, Lazarevsky City District of Sochi, and in the Republic of Adygea in Russia... ) |
NWC (Adygei) | 106 | - | 81.1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Dibirova2009 |
| Adygei (Shapsugs Shapsugs Shapsugs are a people/tribe of the Adyghe branch, who are currently living in Tuapsinsky District of Krasnodar Krai, Lazarevsky City District of Sochi, and in the Republic of Adygea in Russia... ) |
NWC (Adygei) | 100 | 1.0 | P303 Haplogroup G2a3b1 (Y-DNA) In human genetics, Haplogroup G2a3b1 is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. It is a branch of haplogroup G . In descending order, G2a3b1 is additionally a branch of G2 , G2a , G2a3 and finally G2a3b . This haplogroup represents the majority of haplogroup G men in most areas of Europe west of Russia and... =86.0 other=1.0 |
0 | 0 | 6.0 | L*=2.0 | 4.0 | 0 | NT | 0 | - | Balanovsky 2011 |
| Adygei("Cherkess") | NWC (Adygei) | 142 | 1.4 | P18 Haplogroup G2a1 (Y-DNA) In human genetics, Haplogroup G2a1 is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. It is a branch of haplogroup G , and more specifically of haplogroup G2 and most specifically of haplogroup G2a... =9.2 P303 Haplogroup G2a3b1 (Y-DNA) In human genetics, Haplogroup G2a3b1 is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. It is a branch of haplogroup G . In descending order, G2a3b1 is additionally a branch of G2 , G2a , G2a3 and finally G2a3b . This haplogroup represents the majority of haplogroup G men in most areas of Europe west of Russia and... =29.6 other=1.4 |
I*=0.7 | J1e=0.7 J1*=4.9 |
J2-M67=7.7 J2b=0.7 other=13.4 |
L1=0.7 | 19.7 | 4.9 | NT | 0.7 | N1*=1.4 N1c1=2.1 Q=0.7 |
Balanovsky2011 |
| Andis Andi (people) The Andis are one of the indigenous Dagestanian peoples of Russia. Their territory is included in the Botlikhsky District of Dagestan.... |
NEC (Avar-Andic, Andic) | 49 | G2= |
I1= I2a= |
0.0 | — | Yunusbaev 2006 | |||||||
| Armenians Armenians Armenian people or Armenians are a nation and ethnic group native to the Armenian Highland.The largest concentration is in Armenia having a nearly-homogeneous population with 97.9% or 3,145,354 being ethnic Armenian.... |
IE (Armenian) | 89 | — | - | — | — | - | — | Rosser2000 | |||||
| Armenians Armenians Armenian people or Armenians are a nation and ethnic group native to the Armenian Highland.The largest concentration is in Armenia having a nearly-homogeneous population with 97.9% or 3,145,354 being ethnic Armenian.... |
IE (Armenian) | 47 | 4.3 | F* | 4.3 | F* | 21.3 | 4.3 | 8.5 | 36.2 | 0 | 6.4 | F[xI,J2,K]=12.8 N=2 |
Wells2001 |
| Armenians Armenians Armenian people or Armenians are a nation and ethnic group native to the Armenian Highland.The largest concentration is in Armenia having a nearly-homogeneous population with 97.9% or 3,145,354 being ethnic Armenian.... |
IE (Armenian) | 100 | 6.0 | 11.0 | 5.0 | F | 24.0 | K | 6.0 | 19.0 | 2.0 | 4.0 | F[xI,G,J2,K]=18.0 K[xT,P]=3.0 P[xR1a,R1b,R2]=2.0 |
Nasidze2004 |
| Armenians Armenians Armenian people or Armenians are a nation and ethnic group native to the Armenian Highland.The largest concentration is in Armenia having a nearly-homogeneous population with 97.9% or 3,145,354 being ethnic Armenian.... |
IE (Armenian) | 734 | — | — | - | — | — | — | - | Weale2001 | ||||
| Avars Caucasian Avars Avars or Caucasian Avars are a modern people of Caucasus, mainly of Dagestan, in which they are the predominant group. The Caucasian Avar language belongs to the Northeast Caucasian language family .... |
NEC (Avar-Andic, Avar) | 42 | 2.4 | — | Yunusbaev 2006 | |||||||||
| Avars Caucasian Avars Avars or Caucasian Avars are a modern people of Caucasus, mainly of Dagestan, in which they are the predominant group. The Caucasian Avar language belongs to the Northeast Caucasian language family .... |
NEC (Avar-Andic, Avar) | 115 | 0.0 | P18 Haplogroup G2a1 (Y-DNA) In human genetics, Haplogroup G2a1 is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. It is a branch of haplogroup G , and more specifically of haplogroup G2 and most specifically of haplogroup G2a... =.9 P303 Haplogroup G2a3b1 (Y-DNA) In human genetics, Haplogroup G2a3b1 is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. It is a branch of haplogroup G . In descending order, G2a3b1 is additionally a branch of G2 , G2a , G2a3 and finally G2a3b . This haplogroup represents the majority of haplogroup G men in most areas of Europe west of Russia and... =9.6 |
I*=.9 I2a=.9 |
J1e=.9 J1*=58.3 |
M67=.9 other=5.2 |
L2=2.6 | 1.7 | 14.8 | .9 | 0.0 | N=1.7 | Balanovsky 2011 |
| Avars Caucasian Avars Avars or Caucasian Avars are a modern people of Caucasus, mainly of Dagestan, in which they are the predominant group. The Caucasian Avar language belongs to the Northeast Caucasian language family .... (West) |
NEC (Avar-Andic) | 20 | 0 | G[xG1,G2a, G2b]=5 |
0 | J1*=60 J1e=20 |
10 | 0 | 0 | 5 | - | - | - | Caciagli 2009 |
| Azeris (Azerbaijan) |
Altaic (Turkic) | 72 | 5.6 | 18.1 | 2.8 | F | 30.6 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 11.1 | 2.8 | 4.2 | F[xG,I,J2,K]=11 | Nasidze2004 |
| Azerbaijanis | Altaic (Turkic) | v | — | — | 15.2 | 23.9 | — | — | — | — | — | - | various | |
| Bagvalins Bagvalal language The Bagvalal language is an Avar–Andic language spoken by the Bagvalals in southwestern Dagestan, Russia, along the right bank of the river Andi-Koisu and the surrounding hills, near the Georgian border. It is fairly similar to Tindi, its closest relative... |
NEC (Avar-Andic, Andic) | 28 | I2b1=7.1 | — | Yunusbaev 2006 | |||||||||
| Balkars | Altaic (Turkic) | 38 | I2*= | 0 | M67=5.3 J2b=2.6 other=15.8 |
L2= | H=2.6 | Battaglia2008 | ||||||
| Chamalins | NEC (Avar-Andic, Andic) | 27 | — | Yunusbaev 2006 | ||||||||||
| Chechens Chechen people Chechens constitute the largest native ethnic group originating in the North Caucasus region. They refer to themselves as Noxçi . Also known as Sadiks , Gargareans, Malkhs... (East Chechnya) |
NEC (Nakh) | 19 | 0 | 5 | 0 | F | 26 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 16 | 5 | F[xG,I,J2,K]=32 | Nasidze2004 |
| Akki Chechens | NEC (Nakh) | 20 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 60 | 25 | 10 | 0 | 0 | NT | 0 | - | Caciagli 2009 |
| Chechens Total | NEC (Nakh) | 330 | 0.0 | P18 Haplogroup G2a1 (Y-DNA) In human genetics, Haplogroup G2a1 is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. It is a branch of haplogroup G , and more specifically of haplogroup G2 and most specifically of haplogroup G2a... =3.0 P303 Haplogroup G2a3b1 (Y-DNA) In human genetics, Haplogroup G2a3b1 is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. It is a branch of haplogroup G . In descending order, G2a3b1 is additionally a branch of G2 , G2a , G2a3 and finally G2a3b . This haplogroup represents the majority of haplogroup G men in most areas of Europe west of Russia and... =2.4 |
I2=.3 | J1*=20.9 | M67=55.2 J2b=.3 other=1.2 |
L3=7.0 | 3.9 | 1.8 | 3.3 | 0.0 | - | Balanovsky 2011 |
| Chechens (Achxoi-Martan, Chechnya) | NEC (Nakh) | 118 | 0 | P303=0.8 | I2=0.8 | J1*=24.6 | M67=56.8 other=0.8 |
L3=6.8 | 2.5 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 0 | - | Balanovsky 2011 |
| Chechens (Malgobek, Ingushetia) |
NEC (Nakh) | 112 | 0 | P18=3.6 P303=5.4 |
0 | 21.4 | M67=50.9 J2b=0.9 other=1.8 |
L3=0.9 | 8.0 | 0.9 | 6.3 | 0 | - | Balanovsky 2011 |
| Chechens (mainly Akkis, in Dagestan) |
NEC (Nakh) | 100 | 0 | P18=6.0 P303=1.0 |
0 | 16.0 | M67=58.0 other=1.0 |
L3=14.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 | N=2.0 | Balanovsky 2011 |
| Dargins | NEC (Dargin) | 68 | 0 | 0 | — | Yunusbaev 2006 | ||||||||
| Dargins | NEC (Dargin) | 26 | 4 | 4 | 58 | see F | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | F[xG,I,J2,K]=27 | Nasidze2004 |
| Dargins (Dargwa) | NEC (Dargin) | 101 | 0 | P303=1.0 other=1 |
0 | J1*=69.3 J1e=1 |
M67=1.0 | 0 | 21.8 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 | O3=3 | Balanovsky 2011 |
| Dargins (Kaitaks) | NEC (Dargin) | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | J1*=84.8 | 3.3 | 0 | 3.3 | 6.7 | 3.3 | 0 | - | Balanovsky 2011 |
| Dargins (Kubachis) | NEC (Dargin) | 65 | 0 | 0 | I2a=1.5 | J1*=98.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | Balanovsky 2011 |
| Georgians Georgians The Georgians are an ethnic group that have originated in Georgia, where they constitute a majority of the population. Large Georgian communities are also present throughout Russia, European Union, United States, and South America.... |
SC (Karto-Zan) | 63 | J= | 6.3 | — | Semino2000 | ||||||||
| Georgians Georgians The Georgians are an ethnic group that have originated in Georgia, where they constitute a majority of the population. Large Georgian communities are also present throughout Russia, European Union, United States, and South America.... |
SC (Karto-Zan) | 66 | I1*= | M67=18.2 other=13.6 |
L3=1.6 | 4.5 | 1.6 | - | Battaglia2008 | |||||
| Georgians Georgians The Georgians are an ethnic group that have originated in Georgia, where they constitute a majority of the population. Large Georgian communities are also present throughout Russia, European Union, United States, and South America.... |
SC (Karto-Zan) | 77 | F | 2.6 | 1.3 | 2.6 | K[xP]=2.6 P[xR1,R2]=2.6 F[xG,I,J2,K]=14.3 |
Nasidze 2004 | ||||||
| Svans | SC (Svan) | 25 | 0 | F* | 0 | F* | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | F[xG,I,J2,K]=92% | Wells 2001 |
| Georgians Georgians The Georgians are an ethnic group that have originated in Georgia, where they constitute a majority of the population. Large Georgian communities are also present throughout Russia, European Union, United States, and South America.... (Kazbegis) |
SC (Karto-Zan) | 25 | 0 | F | 4 | F | 72 | 0 | 4 | 8 | 0 | 0 | F[xG,I,J2,K]=12 | Wells 2001 |
| Ingush Ingush people The Ingush are a native ethnic group of the North Caucasus, mostly inhabiting the Russian republic of Ingushetia. They refer to themselves as Ghalghai . The Ingush are predominantly Sunni Muslims and speak the Ingush language... |
NEC (Nakh) | 143 | 0 | P18=1.4 | 0.7 | 2.8 | M67=87.4 other=1.4 |
L3=2.8 | 3.5 | 0 | NT | 0 | - | Balanovsky, Dibirova et al 2011 |
| Ingush Ingush people The Ingush are a native ethnic group of the North Caucasus, mostly inhabiting the Russian republic of Ingushetia. They refer to themselves as Ghalghai . The Ingush are predominantly Sunni Muslims and speak the Ingush language... |
NEC (Nakh) | 22 | 0 | 5 | - | 32 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | F[xG,I,J2,K]=27 P[xR1,R2]=4.5(1/22) |
Nasidze2004 | |
| Kumyks Kumyks Kumyks are a Turkic people occupying the Kumyk plateau in north Dagestan and south Terek, and the lands bordering the Caspian Sea. They comprise 14% of the population of the Russian republic of Dagestan. They speak the Kumyk language... |
Altaic (Turkic) | 76 | J*=1.3 O=1.3 |
Yunusbaev 2006 | ||||||||||
| Lezgins Lezgins The Lezgians are an ethnic group living predominantly in southern Dagestan and northeastern Azerbaijan and who speak the Lezgian language.- Historical concept :While ancient Greek historians, including Herodotus, Strabo, and Pliny the Elder, referred... (Azerbaijan) |
NEC (Lezgic) | 12 | 17 | F* | 0 | F* | 0 | - | 8 | 17 | 0 | - | F[xI,J2,K]=58 | Wells 2001 |
| Lezgins Lezgins The Lezgians are an ethnic group living predominantly in southern Dagestan and northeastern Azerbaijan and who speak the Lezgian language.- Historical concept :While ancient Greek historians, including Herodotus, Strabo, and Pliny the Elder, referred... (Dagestan) |
NEC (Lezgic) | 25 | 0 | 36 | 0 | F* | 0 | NT | 0 | 4 | 0 | K* | F[xI,G,J2,K]=32 K[xR]=28 |
Nasidze 2003 |
| Lezgins Lezgins The Lezgians are an ethnic group living predominantly in southern Dagestan and northeastern Azerbaijan and who speak the Lezgian language.- Historical concept :While ancient Greek historians, including Herodotus, Strabo, and Pliny the Elder, referred... |
NEC (Lezgic) | 31 | 0.0 | — | Yunusbaev 2006 | |||||||||
| Lezgins Lezgins The Lezgians are an ethnic group living predominantly in southern Dagestan and northeastern Azerbaijan and who speak the Lezgian language.- Historical concept :While ancient Greek historians, including Herodotus, Strabo, and Pliny the Elder, referred... (Axtynskiy District) |
NEC (Lezgic) | 81 | 13.5 (P18=1.2%) |
0 | 44.4 J1* | 2.5 | 1.2 L2 | 3.7 | 29.6 | 0 | 2.5 | 1.2 N1c1 | Balanovsky, Dibirova et al 2011 | |
| Nogai Nogais The Nogai people are a Turkic ethnic group in Southern Russia: northern Dagestan and Stavropol Krai, as well as in Karachay-Cherkessia and the Astrakhan Oblast; undefined number live in Chechnya... |
Altaic (Turkic) | 77 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.6 | 10.4 | 0 | 9.1 | 0 | ? | 0 | C=10.4 N=16.3 |
Yunusbaev 2006 |
| Ossetians Ossetians The Ossetians are an Iranic ethnic group of the Caucasus Mountains, eponymous of the region known as Ossetia.They speak Ossetic, an Iranian language of the Eastern branch, with most also fluent in Russian as a second language.... |
IE (Iranic, NE) | 47 | — | — | J= | — | — | — | — | Rosser2000 | ||||
| North Ossetians | NEC (Lezgic) | 59 | 0 | 49.2 | 22.0 | F* | 15.3 | -- | 1.7 | 0 | 0 | K* | F[xI,G,J2,K]=3.4 | Nasidze 2004 |
| Russians (Adygea Adygea The Republic of Adygea is a federal subject of Russia enclaved within Krasnodar Krai. Its area is with a population of 440,388 . Its capital is Maykop.-Geography:... |
IE (Slavic, East) | 78 | — | — | - | — | — | — | — | — | — | - | Rootsi2004 | |
| Rutuls Rutuls Rutuls are an ethnic group in Dagestan and some parts of Azerbaijan. According to the 2002 Russian Census, there were 29,929 Rutuls in Russia . In Azerbaijan there are more than 45.000 Rutuls. Today, total population of rutuls in the world - more than 97 500 people... |
NEC (Lezgic) | 24 | F | F[xG,I,J2,K]=58 | Nasidze2004 | |||||||||
| Tabassarans | NEC (Lezgic) | 43 | 0.0 | 0.0 | C=7.0 | Yunusbaev2006 | ||||||||
See also
- Caucasus
- Ethnic groups of the caucasus
- Languages of the CaucasusLanguages of the CaucasusThe languages of the Caucasus are a large and extremely varied array of languages spoken by more than ten million people in and around the Caucasus Mountains, which lie between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea....
- Y-DNA haplogroups by groups
- Y-DNA haplogroups in European populations
- Y-DNA haplogroups by populations of Near East and North AfricaY-DNA haplogroups by populations of Near East and North AfricaListed here are notable ethnic groups and populations from Western Asia, North Africa and South Caucasus by human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups based on relevant studies...
- Y-DNA haplogroups in Central and North Asian populationsY-DNA haplogroups in Central and North Asian populationsListed here are notable ethnic groups from Central Asia and Siberia by human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups based on relevant studies. The samples are taken from individuals identified with the ethnic and linguistic designations in the first two columns, the third column gives the amount of total...
- Y-DNA haplogroups in South Asian populationsY-DNA haplogroups in South Asian populationsListed here are notable groups and populations from South Asia by human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups based on relevant studies. The samples are taken from individuals identified with linguistic designations , the third column gives the amount of total Sample Size studied, and the other columns give...
- Y-DNA haplogroups by populations of Sub-Saharan AfricaY-DNA haplogroups by populations of Sub-Saharan AfricaListed here are the human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups found in various ethnic groups and populations from Sub-Saharan Africa. Based on relevant studies, the samples are taken from individuals identified by linguistic designation...
- Y-DNA haplogroups by populations of East and Southeast AsiaY-DNA haplogroups by populations of East and Southeast AsiaListed here are notable groups and populations from the Far East by human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups based on relevant studies.-See also:*Y-DNA haplogroups by groups**Y-DNA haplogroups in South Asian populations...
- Y-DNA haplogroups in Oceanian populations
- Y-DNA haplogroups in Indigenous peoples of the AmericasY-DNA haplogroups in Indigenous peoples of the AmericasListed here are notable Indigenous peoples of the Americas by human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups based on relevant studies. The samples are taken from individuals identified with the ethnic and linguistic designations in the first two columns, the fourth column gives the amount of total Sample...