Banat Bulgarian dialect
Encyclopedia
The Banat Bulgarian language (Banat Bulgarian: Palćena balgarsćija jázić, Banátsća balgarsćija jázić; ; ; ; ; ) is the outermost dialect of the Bulgarian language
with standardized writing and an old literary tradition. It is spoken by the Banat Bulgarians
in the Banat
region, in Romania
and Serbia
. Officially, it is spoken by 8,000 people (1,658 in Serbia, and 6,500 in Romania), though other estimates give numbers up to 15,000.
In 1998, Jáni Vasilčin in Dudeştii Vechi
translated the New Testament
into Banat Bulgarian: Svetotu Pismu Novija Zákun.
people. Their ancestors arrived from Northern Bulgaria. They settled in Oltenia
under the Wallachia
n prince, then the Ottomans
fled to Hungary
. The ancestor of the Banat Bulgarian language is the Rup dialect
, part of the Paulician dialect
allowed only the Shtokavian dialect
to be used by Catholic priests and in books in Bulgaria. The Catholics in Bulgaria preferred Croatian Catholic works, and the Banat Bulgarian priests and teachers taught in Croatian.
In the 19th century, the Banat Bulgarian schools educated using the Illyrian-Slavic language
, in the course of using Illyrian-Slavic the Banat language further Croatism and also Slovenism was imbibed.
In the 1740s
, Blasius Hristofor instituted the first school in Dudeştii Vechi, in which Banat Bulgarian was taught using the Latin alphabet
. Some Bulgarian priests of the time already used the Latin alphabet, banned by the bishops. In the 19th century, the national consciousness strengthened and more Banat books were written. The Hungarian Imre Berecz and the Croatian András Klobucsár wrote a few books in their mother tongue. Berecz wrote a catechism in Banat Bulgarian (1851). Klobucsár designed a prayer- and hymn-book. One of the teachers János Uzun also wrote secular verses. In 1866, József Rill standardised the Banat Bulgarian language and publish the Balgarsku právupisanj (Bulgarian Spelling). The Balgarsku právupisanj was designing the course-books in Banat Bulgarian, an ABC book and reader, together with Biblijata and Gulemija Kátaæizmus. Leopold Koszilkov teacher was also translating Gospels, Fránc Glász and the German
Ludovik Fischer wrote a prayer-book. This works notables in the Banat Bulgarian literature, as the peoples gladly and often was read. The prayer-books contain prayers, hymns and lives of Saints. Koszilkov published calendarss
Banat Bulgarians retained their language. Romanian
and Serbian
are used in schools, but in the catechisms henceforward Banat Bulgarian was used.
of the Eastern Bulgarian group. A typical feature is the "ы" (*y) vowel, which can either take an etymological place or replace "i". Other characteristic phonological features are the "ê" (wide "e") reflex of the Old Church Slavonic
yat
and the reduction of "o" into "u" and sometimes "e" into "i": puljé instead of pole ("field"), sélu instead of selo ("village"), ugništi instead of ognište ("fireplace"). Another characteristic feature is the palatalization
of final consonants, which is typical for other Slavic languages
, but found only in non-standard dialects in Bulgarian (Bulgarian den ("day") sounds like and is written as denj).
Lexically, the language has borrowed many words from languages such as German
(drot from Draht, "wire"; gáng from Gang, "anteroom, corridor"), Hungarian (vilánj from villan, "electricity"; mozi, "cinema"), Croatian (stvár from stvar, "item, matter"; ráčun from račun, "account"), and Romanian (šedinca from şedinţă, "conference") due to the close contacts with the other peoples of the multiethnical Banat and the religious ties with other Roman Catholic peoples. Banat Bulgarian also has some older loanwords from Ottoman Turkish
and Greek
, which it shares with other Bulgarian dialects (e.g. hirgjén from Turkish ergen, "unmarried man, bachelor"; trandáfer from Greek τριαντάφυλλο triantafyllo, "rose"). Loanwords constitute around 20% of the Banat Bulgarian vocabulary. The names of some Banat Bulgarians are also influenced by Hungarian names, as the Hungarian (eastern) name order
is sometimes used (family name
followed by given name
) and the female ending "-a" is often dropped from family names. Thus, Marija Velčova would become Velčov Marija.
In addition to loanwords, the lexicon of Banat Bulgarian has also acquired calque
s and neologisms, such as svetica ("icon", formerly used ikona and influenced by German Heiligenbild), zarno ("bullet", from the word meaning "grain"), oganbalváč ("volcano", literally "fire belcher"), and predhurta ("foreword").
The Banat Bulgarian language uses its own script, largely based on the Croatian
version of the Latin alphabet
(Gaj's Latin Alphabet), and preserves many features that are archaic in the language spoken in Bulgaria. The language was codified as early as 1866 and is used in literature and press, which distinguishes it from plain dialects.
Bulgarian language
Bulgarian is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group.Bulgarian, along with the closely related Macedonian language, demonstrates several linguistic characteristics that set it apart from all other Slavic languages such as the elimination of case declension, the...
with standardized writing and an old literary tradition. It is spoken by the Banat Bulgarians
Banat Bulgarians
The Banat Bulgarians are a distinct Bulgarian minority group which settled in the 18th century in the region of the Banat, which was then ruled by the Habsburgs and after World War I was divided between Romania, Serbia, and Hungary...
in the Banat
Banat
The Banat is a geographical and historical region in Central Europe currently divided between three countries: the eastern part lies in western Romania , the western part in northeastern Serbia , and a small...
region, in Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
and Serbia
Serbia
Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...
. Officially, it is spoken by 8,000 people (1,658 in Serbia, and 6,500 in Romania), though other estimates give numbers up to 15,000.
In 1998, Jáni Vasilčin in Dudeştii Vechi
Dudestii Vechi
Dudeştii Vechi is a commune in Timiş County, Romania...
translated the New Testament
New Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
into Banat Bulgarian: Svetotu Pismu Novija Zákun.
Origins
The Banat Bulgarians are predominantly Roman CatholicRoman Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the world's largest Christian church, with over a billion members. Led by the Pope, it defines its mission as spreading the gospel of Jesus Christ, administering the sacraments and exercising charity...
people. Their ancestors arrived from Northern Bulgaria. They settled in Oltenia
Oltenia
Oltenia is a historical province and geographical region of Romania, in western Wallachia. It is situated between the Danube, the Southern Carpathians and the Olt river ....
under the Wallachia
Wallachia
Wallachia or Walachia is a historical and geographical region of Romania. It is situated north of the Danube and south of the Southern Carpathians...
n prince, then the Ottomans
Ottoman Turks
The Ottoman Turks were the Turkish-speaking population of the Ottoman Empire who formed the base of the state's military and ruling classes. Reliable information about the early history of Ottoman Turks is scarce, but they take their Turkish name, Osmanlı , from the house of Osman I The Ottoman...
fled to Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
. The ancestor of the Banat Bulgarian language is the Rup dialect
Rup dialects
The Rup dialects, or the Southeastern dialects, are a group of Bulgarian dialects located east of the yat boundary, thus being part of the Eastern Bulgarian dialects. The range of the Rup dialects includes the southern part of Thrace, i.e. Strandzha, the region of Haskovo, the Rhodopes and the...
, part of the Paulician dialect
Paulician dialect
The Paulician dialect is a Bulgarian dialect of the Rhodopean group of the Rup dialects. The Paulician dialect is spoken by some 40,000 people, nearly all of them Catholic Bulgarians, in the region of Rakovski in southern Bulgaria and Svishtov in northern Bulgaria...
History
CroatiaCroatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
allowed only the Shtokavian dialect
Shtokavian dialect
Shtokavian or Štokavian is the prestige dialect of the Serbo-Croatian language, and the basis of its Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, and Montenegrin standards...
to be used by Catholic priests and in books in Bulgaria. The Catholics in Bulgaria preferred Croatian Catholic works, and the Banat Bulgarian priests and teachers taught in Croatian.
In the 19th century, the Banat Bulgarian schools educated using the Illyrian-Slavic language
Illyrian movement
The Illyrian movement , also Croatian national revival , was a cultural and political campaign with roots in the early modern period, and revived by a group of young Croatian intellectuals during the first half of 19th century, around the years of 1835–1849...
, in the course of using Illyrian-Slavic the Banat language further Croatism and also Slovenism was imbibed.
In the 1740s
1740s
- In Fiction :* The Pirates of the Caribbean Trilogy is set in the late 1740s....
, Blasius Hristofor instituted the first school in Dudeştii Vechi, in which Banat Bulgarian was taught using the Latin alphabet
Latin alphabet
The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most recognized alphabet used in the world today. It evolved from a western variety of the Greek alphabet called the Cumaean alphabet, which was adopted and modified by the Etruscans who ruled early Rome...
. Some Bulgarian priests of the time already used the Latin alphabet, banned by the bishops. In the 19th century, the national consciousness strengthened and more Banat books were written. The Hungarian Imre Berecz and the Croatian András Klobucsár wrote a few books in their mother tongue. Berecz wrote a catechism in Banat Bulgarian (1851). Klobucsár designed a prayer- and hymn-book. One of the teachers János Uzun also wrote secular verses. In 1866, József Rill standardised the Banat Bulgarian language and publish the Balgarsku právupisanj (Bulgarian Spelling). The Balgarsku právupisanj was designing the course-books in Banat Bulgarian, an ABC book and reader, together with Biblijata and Gulemija Kátaæizmus. Leopold Koszilkov teacher was also translating Gospels, Fránc Glász and the German
Germans
The Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages....
Ludovik Fischer wrote a prayer-book. This works notables in the Banat Bulgarian literature, as the peoples gladly and often was read. The prayer-books contain prayers, hymns and lives of Saints. Koszilkov published calendarss
Banat Bulgarians retained their language. Romanian
Romanian language
Romanian Romanian Romanian (or Daco-Romanian; obsolete spellings Rumanian, Roumanian; self-designation: română, limba română ("the Romanian language") or românește (lit. "in Romanian") is a Romance language spoken by around 24 to 28 million people, primarily in Romania and Moldova...
and Serbian
Serbian language
Serbian is a form of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken by Serbs in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia and neighbouring countries....
are used in schools, but in the catechisms henceforward Banat Bulgarian was used.
Linguistic features
The vernacular of the Bulgarians of Banat can be classified as a Paulician dialectPaulician dialect
The Paulician dialect is a Bulgarian dialect of the Rhodopean group of the Rup dialects. The Paulician dialect is spoken by some 40,000 people, nearly all of them Catholic Bulgarians, in the region of Rakovski in southern Bulgaria and Svishtov in northern Bulgaria...
of the Eastern Bulgarian group. A typical feature is the "ы" (*y) vowel, which can either take an etymological place or replace "i". Other characteristic phonological features are the "ê" (wide "e") reflex of the Old Church Slavonic
Old Church Slavonic
Old Church Slavonic or Old Church Slavic was the first literary Slavic language, first developed by the 9th century Byzantine Greek missionaries Saints Cyril and Methodius who were credited with standardizing the language and using it for translating the Bible and other Ancient Greek...
yat
Yat
Yat or Jat is the thirty-second letter of the old Cyrillic alphabet. Its name in Old Church Slavonic is jěd’ or iad’ . In the common scientific Latin transliteration for old Slavic languages, the letter is represented by e with caron: .The yat represented a Common Slavic long vowel...
and the reduction of "o" into "u" and sometimes "e" into "i": puljé instead of pole ("field"), sélu instead of selo ("village"), ugništi instead of ognište ("fireplace"). Another characteristic feature is the palatalization
Palatalization
In linguistics, palatalization , also palatization, may refer to two different processes by which a sound, usually a consonant, comes to be produced with the tongue in a position in the mouth near the palate....
of final consonants, which is typical for other Slavic languages
Slavic languages
The Slavic languages , a group of closely related languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages, have speakers in most of Eastern Europe, in much of the Balkans, in parts of Central Europe, and in the northern part of Asia.-Branches:Scholars traditionally divide Slavic...
, but found only in non-standard dialects in Bulgarian (Bulgarian den ("day") sounds like and is written as denj).
Lexically, the language has borrowed many words from languages such as German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
(drot from Draht, "wire"; gáng from Gang, "anteroom, corridor"), Hungarian (vilánj from villan, "electricity"; mozi, "cinema"), Croatian (stvár from stvar, "item, matter"; ráčun from račun, "account"), and Romanian (šedinca from şedinţă, "conference") due to the close contacts with the other peoples of the multiethnical Banat and the religious ties with other Roman Catholic peoples. Banat Bulgarian also has some older loanwords from Ottoman Turkish
Ottoman Turkish language
The Ottoman Turkish language or Ottoman language is the variety of the Turkish language that was used for administrative and literary purposes in the Ottoman Empire. It borrows extensively from Arabic and Persian, and was written in a variant of the Perso-Arabic script...
and Greek
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
, which it shares with other Bulgarian dialects (e.g. hirgjén from Turkish ergen, "unmarried man, bachelor"; trandáfer from Greek τριαντάφυλλο triantafyllo, "rose"). Loanwords constitute around 20% of the Banat Bulgarian vocabulary. The names of some Banat Bulgarians are also influenced by Hungarian names, as the Hungarian (eastern) name order
Hungarian name
Hungarian names invariably use the "Eastern name order", or family name followed by given name, except in foreign language text. Hungary is the only European and Western country to do so....
is sometimes used (family name
Family name
A family name is a type of surname and part of a person's name indicating the family to which the person belongs. The use of family names is widespread in cultures around the world...
followed by given name
Given name
A given name, in Western contexts often referred to as a first name, is a personal name that specifies and differentiates between members of a group of individuals, especially in a family, all of whose members usually share the same family name...
) and the female ending "-a" is often dropped from family names. Thus, Marija Velčova would become Velčov Marija.
In addition to loanwords, the lexicon of Banat Bulgarian has also acquired calque
Calque
In linguistics, a calque or loan translation is a word or phrase borrowed from another language by literal, word-for-word or root-for-root translation.-Calque:...
s and neologisms, such as svetica ("icon", formerly used ikona and influenced by German Heiligenbild), zarno ("bullet", from the word meaning "grain"), oganbalváč ("volcano", literally "fire belcher"), and predhurta ("foreword").
The Banat Bulgarian language uses its own script, largely based on the Croatian
Croatian language
Croatian is the collective name for the standard language and dialects spoken by Croats, principally in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Serbian province of Vojvodina and other neighbouring countries...
version of the Latin alphabet
Latin alphabet
The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most recognized alphabet used in the world today. It evolved from a western variety of the Greek alphabet called the Cumaean alphabet, which was adopted and modified by the Etruscans who ruled early Rome...
(Gaj's Latin Alphabet), and preserves many features that are archaic in the language spoken in Bulgaria. The language was codified as early as 1866 and is used in literature and press, which distinguishes it from plain dialects.
Alphabet
The following is the Banat Bulgarian Latin alphabet:| Banat Bulgarian Latin Latin alphabet The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most recognized alphabet used in the world today. It evolved from a western variety of the Greek alphabet called the Cumaean alphabet, which was adopted and modified by the Etruscans who ruled early Rome... Cyrillic Cyrillic alphabet The Cyrillic script or azbuka is an alphabetic writing system developed in the First Bulgarian Empire during the 10th century AD at the Preslav Literary School... equivalents IPA International Phonetic Alphabet The International Phonetic Alphabet "The acronym 'IPA' strictly refers [...] to the 'International Phonetic Association'. But it is now such a common practice to use the acronym also to refer to the alphabet itself that resistance seems pedantic... |
А а A A is the first letter and a vowel in the basic modern Latin alphabet. It is similar to the Ancient Greek letter Alpha, from which it derives.- Origins :... Ъ /ɤ/ |
Á á Á is a letter of the Czech, Faroese, Hungarian, Icelandic, Slovak and Sámi languages. This letter also appears in Dutch, Galician, Irish, Occitan, Portuguese, Spanish, Lakota, Navajo, and Vietnamese as a variant of the letter “a”. Some writers use á incorrectly to denote a quantity, often used on... А /a/ |
B b B B is the second letter in the basic modern Latin alphabet. It is used to represent a variety of bilabial sounds , most commonly a voiced bilabial plosive.-History:... Б /b/ |
C c C Ĉ or ĉ is a consonant in Esperanto orthography, representing the sound .Esperanto orthography uses a diacritic for all four of its postalveolar consonants, as do the Latin-based Slavic alphabets... Ц /ts/ |
Č č C Ĉ or ĉ is a consonant in Esperanto orthography, representing the sound .Esperanto orthography uses a diacritic for all four of its postalveolar consonants, as do the Latin-based Slavic alphabets... Ч /tʃ/ |
Ć ć C Ĉ or ĉ is a consonant in Esperanto orthography, representing the sound .Esperanto orthography uses a diacritic for all four of its postalveolar consonants, as do the Latin-based Slavic alphabets... Ќ (кь) /kʲ/ |
D d D D is the fourth letter in the basic modern Latin alphabet.- History :The Semitic letter Dâlet may have developed from the logogram for a fish or a door. There are various Egyptian hieroglyphs that might have inspired this. In Semitic, Ancient Greek, and Latin, the letter represented ; in the... Д /d/ |
Dz dz Dz (digraph) Dz is a digraph of the Latin alphabet, used in Polish, Kashubian, Macedonian, Slovak, and Hungarian to represent . In Dene Suline and Cantonese Pinyin it represents .-In Polish:dz generally represents... Ѕ (дз) /dz/ |
Dž dž Dž Dž is the seventh letter of the Croatian and Bosnian alphabets, and the Latin forms of Serbian, Montenegrin and Macedonian, after D and before Đ. It is pronounced . Dž is a digraph that corresponds to the letter Dzhe of the Cyrillic alphabet used for writing the Serbian, Montenegrin and... Џ (дж) /dʒ/ |
E e E E is the fifth letter and a vowel in the basic modern Latin alphabet. It is the most commonly used letter in the Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Hungarian, Latin, Norwegian, Spanish, and Swedish languages.-History:... Е /ɛ/ |
É é É is a letter of the Czech, Hungarian, Icelandic, Kashubian, Luxembourgish, Slovak, and Catalan, Danish, English, French, Galician, Irish, Italian, Occitan, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish, and Vietnamese language as a variant of the letter “e”... Ѣ Yat Yat or Jat is the thirty-second letter of the old Cyrillic alphabet. Its name in Old Church Slavonic is jěd’ or iad’ . In the common scientific Latin transliteration for old Slavic languages, the letter is represented by e with caron: .The yat represented a Common Slavic long vowel... /e/ |
| Latin Cyrillic IPA |
F f F F is the sixth letter in the basic modern Latin alphabet.-History:The origin of ⟨f⟩ is the Semitic letter vâv that represented a sound like or . Graphically, it originally probably depicted either a hook or a club... Ф /f/ |
G g G G is the seventh letter in the basic modern Latin alphabet.-History:The letter 'G' was introduced in the Old Latin period as a variant of ⟨c⟩ to distinguish voiced, from voiceless, . The recorded originator of ⟨g⟩ is freedman Spurius Carvilius Ruga, the first Roman to open a fee-paying school,... Г /ɡ/ |
Gj gj Ѓ (гь) /ɡʲ/ |
H h H H .) is the eighth letter in the basic modern Latin alphabet.-History:The Semitic letter ⟨ח⟩ most likely represented the voiceless pharyngeal fricative . The form of the letter probably stood for a fence or posts.... Х /h/ |
I i I I is the ninth letter and a vowel in the basic modern Latin alphabet.-History:In Semitic, the letter may have originated in a hieroglyph for an arm that represented a voiced pharyngeal fricative in Egyptian, but was reassigned to by Semites, because their word for "arm" began with that sound... И /i/ |
J j J Ĵ or ĵ is a letter in Esperanto orthography representing the sound .While Esperanto orthography uses a diacritic for its four postalveolar consonants, as do the Latin-based Slavic alphabets, the base letters are Romano-Germanic... Й , Ь /j/ |
K k K K is the eleventh letter of the English and basic modern Latin alphabet.-History and usage:In English, the letter K usually represents the voiceless velar plosive; this sound is also transcribed by in the International Phonetic Alphabet and X-SAMPA.... К /k/ |
L l L Ł or ł, described in English as L with stroke, is a letter of the Polish, Kashubian, Sorbian, Łacinka , Łatynka , Wilamowicean, Navajo, Dene Suline, Inupiaq, Zuni, Hupa, and Dogrib alphabets, several proposed alphabets for the Venetian language, and the ISO 11940 romanization of the Thai alphabet... Л /l/ |
Lj lj Љ (ль) /lʲ/ |
M m M M is the thirteenth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.-History:The letter M is derived from the Phoenician Mem, via the Greek Mu . Semitic Mem probably originally pictured water... М /m/ |
N n N N is the fourteenth letter in the basic modern Latin alphabet.- History of the forms :One of the most common hieroglyphs, snake, was used in Egyptian writing to stand for a sound like English ⟨J⟩, because the Egyptian word for "snake" was djet... Н /n/ |
| Latin Cyrillic IPA |
Nj nj Њ (нь) /ɲ/ |
O o O O is the fifteenth letter and a vowel in the basic modern Latin alphabet.The letter was derived from the Semitic `Ayin , which represented a consonant, probably , the sound represented by the Arabic letter ع called `Ayn. This Semitic letter in its original form seems to have been inspired by a... О /ɔ/ |
P p P P is the sixteenth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.-Usage:In English and most other European languages, P is a voiceless bilabial plosive. Both initial and final Ps can be combined with many other discrete consonants in English words... П /p/ |
R r R R is the eighteenth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.-History:The original Semitic letter may have been inspired by an Egyptian hieroglyph for tp, "head". It was used for by Semites because in their language, the word for "head" was rêš . It developed into Greek Ρ and Latin R... Р /r/ |
S s S S is the nineteenth letter in the ISO basic Latin alphabet.-History: Semitic Šîn represented a voiceless postalveolar fricative . Greek did not have this sound, so the Greek sigma came to represent... С /s/ |
Š š Š The grapheme Š, š is used in various contexts, usually denoting the voiceless postalveolar fricative. In the International Phonetic Alphabet this sound is denoted with , but the lowercase š is used in the Americanist phonetic notation, as well as in the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet.For use in computer... Ш /ʃ/ |
T t T T is the 20th letter in the basic modern Latin alphabet. It is the most commonly used consonant and the second most common letter in the English language.- History :Taw was the last letter of the Western Semitic and Hebrew alphabets... Т /t/ |
U u U U is the twenty-first letter and a vowel in the basic modern Latin alphabet.-History:The letter U ultimately comes from the Semitic letter Waw by way of the letter Y. See the letter Y for details.... У /u/ |
V v V V is the twenty-second letter in the basic modern Latin alphabet.-Letter:The letter V comes from the Semitic letter Waw, as do the modern letters F, U, W, and Y. See F for details.... В /v/ |
Z z Z Z is the twenty-sixth and final letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.-Name and pronunciation:In most dialects of English, the letter's name is zed , reflecting its derivation from the Greek zeta but in American English, its name is zee , deriving from a late 17th century English dialectal... З /z/ |
Ž ž Ž The grapheme Ž is formed from Latin Z with the addition of caron . It is used in various contexts, usually denoting the voiced postalveolar fricative, a sound similar to English g in mirage, or Portuguese and French j... Ж /ʒ/ |
Examples
| The Lord's Prayer Lord's Prayer The Lord's Prayer is a central prayer in Christianity. In the New Testament of the Christian Bible, it appears in two forms: in the Gospel of Matthew as part of the discourse on ostentation in the Sermon on the Mount, and in the Gospel of Luke, which records Jesus being approached by "one of his... in Banat Bulgarian: |
|
|---|---|
| Banat Bulgarian | English |
| Baštá náš, kojtu si na nebeto: Imetu ti da se pusveti. | Our father who art in heaven hallowed be thy name. |
| Kraljéstvotu ti da dodi. Olete ti da badi, | Thy kingdom, come thy will be done, |
| kaćétu na nebeto taj i na zemete. | as in heaven so on earth. |
| Kátadenjšnija leb náš, dáj mu nám dnés. | Give us this day our daily bread. |
| I uprusti mu nám náša dalgj, | And forgive us guilty as we are, |
| kaćétu i nija upráštemi na nášte dlažnici. | as we also forgive our debtors. |
| I nide mu uvižde u nápas, | Also do not bring us into temptation, |
| negu mu izbávej ud zlo. | But free us from this evil. |
| Standard Bulgarian transliterated | Standard Bulgarian Cyrillic |
|---|---|
| Otče naš, Ti, kojto si na nebeto, da se sveti imeto Ti, | Отче наш, Ти, който си на небето, да се свети името Ти, |
| da dojde carstvoto Ti, da băde voljata Ti, | да дойде царството Ти, да бъде волята Ти, |
| kakto na nebeto, taka i na zemjata. | както на небето, така и на земята. |
| Nasăštnija ni hljab daj ni dnes | Насъщния ни хляб дай ни днес |
| i prosti nam grehovete ni, | и прости нам греховете ни, |
| tăj kakto i nie proštavame na bližnite si, | тъй както и ние прощаваме на ближните си, |
| i ne ni văveždaj v izkušenie, | и не ни въвеждай в изкушение, |
| ala izbavi ni ot Lukavija. | ала избави ни от Лукавия. |