Demographics of Poland - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

The Demographics of Poland is about the demographic

Demographics

Demographics are the most recent statistical characteristics of a population. These types of data are used widely in sociology , public policy, and marketing. Commonly examined demographics include gender, race, age, disabilities, mobility, home ownership, employment status, and even location...

features of the population

Population

A population is all the organisms that both belong to the same group or species and live in the same geographical area. The area that is used to define a sexual population is such that inter-breeding is possible between any pair within the area and more probable than cross-breeding with individuals...

of Poland

Poland

Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...

, including population density

Population density

Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...

, ethnicity

Ethnic group

An ethnic group is a group of people whose members identify with each other, through a common heritage, often consisting of a common language, a common culture and/or an ideology that stresses common ancestry or endogamy...

, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

According to the estimates of Polish Central Statistical Office

Central Statistical Office

Central Statistical Offices:*Central Statistical Office *Central Statistical Office *Central Statistics Office *Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia...

(GUS), at the end of 2007 Poland had a population of 38,115,000, which translates into average population density of 122 people/km² (urban 1105 per 1 km², rural 50 per 1 km²). 61.5% of Polish population lives in the urban areas, a number which is slowly diminishing. Poland is the 33rd most populous country in the world (9th in Europe, with 5.4% of European population). Total population of Poland is almost stagnant (population growth

Population growth

Population growth is the change in a population over time, and can be quantified as the change in the number of individuals of any species in a population using "per unit time" for measurement....

was 0,08%). Average life expectancy was 70.5 for men and 78.9 for women. In 2009 it is expected to be 73.1 for men and 79.5 for women. Population distribution is uneven. From ethnic perspective, Poland is very homogeneous, with 96.7% of population being Polish.

A number of censuses have assessed this data, including a national census in 2002, and a survey by the Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights (HFHR), which confirmed there are numerous autochthonous

Indigenous peoples

Indigenous peoples are ethnic groups that are defined as indigenous according to one of the various definitions of the term, there is no universally accepted definition but most of which carry connotations of being the "original inhabitants" of a territory....

ethnic groups in Poland. Estimates by INTEREG and Eurominority present a similar demographics picture of Poland but they provide estimates only for the most numerous of the autochthonous ethnic groups.

Historical population

For many centuries, until the end of Second World War, the Polish population was composed of many significant ethnic minorities. The population of Poland decreased due to the losses sustained during World War II, and became one of the most ethnically homogeneous in Europe as a result of radically altered borders after the war. The subsequent repatriation

Repatriation

Repatriation is the process of returning a person back to one's place of origin or citizenship. This includes the process of returning refugees or soldiers to their place of origin following a war...

s were accompanied by two waves of forced migrations ordered by joint Polish and Soviet

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

authorities, who wished to remove the sizable Polish minorities from Lithuania

Lithuania

Lithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the biggest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark...

, Belarus

Belarus

Belarus , officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered clockwise by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno , Gomel ,...

and Ukraine

Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...

, deport Ukrainians back to USSR and expel the Germans from lands ceded to Poland after the Yalta Conference

Yalta Conference

The Yalta Conference, sometimes called the Crimea Conference and codenamed the Argonaut Conference, held February 4–11, 1945, was the wartime meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union, represented by President Franklin D...

Before WW II

	Average population (x 1000)	Live births	Deaths	Natural change	Crude birth rate (per 1000)	Crude death rate (per 1000)	Natural change (per 1000)
1921	27 150	890 000	568 000	322 000	32.8	20.9	11.9
1922	27 860	983 000	555 000	428 000	35.3	19.9	15.4
1923	28 210	1015 000	494 000	521 000	36.0	17.5	18.5
1924	28 550	1000 000	519 000	481 000	35.0	18.2	16.8
1925	29 290	1037 000	492 000	545 000	35.4	16.8	18.6
1926	29 900	989 000	533 000	456 000	33.1	17.8	15.3
1927	30 330	958 000	525 000	433 000	31.6	17.3	14.3
1928	30 760	984 000	505 000	479 000	32.0	16.4	15.6
1929	31 090	988 000	520 000	468 000	31.8	16.7	15.1
1930	31 440	1016 000	490 000	526 000	32.3	15.6	16.7
1931	31 970	966 000	495 000	471 000	30.2	15.5	14.7
1932	32 383	932 000	487 000	445 000	28.9	15.0	13.9
1933	32 810	869 000	466 000	403 000	26.5	14.2	12.3
1934	33 201	881 615	479 684	401 931	26.6	14.4	12.1
1935	33 601	876 667	470 998	405 669	26.1	14.0	12.1
1936	34 002	892 320	482 633	409 687	26.2	14.2	12.0
1937	34 359	856 064	481 594	374 470	24.9	14.0	10.9
1938	34 923	849 873	479 602	370 271	24.3	13.7	10.6

After WW II

	Average population (x 1000)	Live births	Deaths	Natural change	Crude birth rate (per 1000)	Crude death rate (per 1000)	Natural change (per 1000)
1946	23 777	570 000	335 000	235 000	24.0	14.1	9.9
1947	23 970	630 000	271 000	359 000	26.3	11.3	15.0
1948	23 980	704 772	268 000	436 772	29.4	11.2	18.2
1949	24 410	725 061	284 000	441 061	29.7	11.6	18.1
1950	24 824	763 108	288 685	474 423	30.7	11.6	19.1
1951	25 271	783 597	312 314	471 283	31.0	12.4	18.6
1952	25 753	778 962	286 730	492 232	30.2	11.1	19.1
1953	26 255	779 000	266 527	512 473	29.7	10.2	19.5
1954	26 761	778 054	276 406	501 648	29.1	10.3	18.7
1955	27 281	793 847	261 576	532 271	29.1	9.6	19.5
1956	27 815	779 835	249 606	530 229	28.0	9.0	19.1
1957	28 310	782 319	269 137	513 182	27.6	9.5	18.1
1958	28 770	752 600	241 435	511 165	26.2	8.4	17.8
1959	29 240	722 928	252 430	470 498	24.7	8.6	16.1
1960	29 561	669 485	224 167	445 318	22.6	7.6	15.1
1961	29 965	627 624	227 759	399 865	20.9	7.6	13.3
1962	30 324	599 505	239 199	360 306	19.8	7.9	11.9
1963	30 691	588 235	230 072	358 163	19.2	7.5	11.7
1964	31 161	562 855	235 919	326 936	18.1	7.6	10.5
1965	31 496	546 362	232 421	313 941	17.3	7.4	10.0
1966	31 698	530 307	232 945	297 362	16.7	7.3	9.4
1967	31 944	520 383	247 705	272 678	16.3	7.8	8.5
1968	32 426	524 174	244 115	280 059	16.2	7.5	8.6
1969	32 555	531 135	262 823	268 312	16.3	8.1	8.2
1970	32 526	545 973	266 799	279 174	16.8	8.2	8.6
1971	32 805	562 341	283 702	278 639	17.1	8.6	8.5
1972	33 068	575 725	265 250	310 475	17.4	8.0	9.4
1973	33 363	598 559	277 188	321 371	17.9	8.3	9.6
1974	33 691	621 080	277 085	343 995	18.4	8.2	10.2
1975	34 022	643 772	296 896	346 876	18.9	8.7	10.2
1976	34 362	670 140	304 057	366 083	19.5	8.8	10.7
1977	34 698	662 582	312 956	349 626	19.1	9.0	10.1
1978	35 010	666 336	325 104	341 232	19.0	9.3	9.7
1979	35 257	688 293	323 048	365 245	19.5	9.2	10.4
1980	35 578	692 798	350 203	342 595	19.5	9.8	9.6
1981	35 902	678 696	328 923	349 773	18.9	9.2	9.7
1982	36 227	702 351	334 869	367 482	19.4	9.2	10.1
1983	36 571	720 756	349 388	371 368	19.7	9.6	10.2
1984	36 914	699 041	364 883	334 158	18.9	9.9	9.1
1985	37 203	677 576	381 458	296 118	18.2	10.3	8.0
1986	37 456	634 748	376 316	258 432	16.9	10.0	6.9
1987	37 664	605 492	378 365	227 127	16.1	10.0	6.0
1988	37 862	587 741	370 821	216 920	15.5	9.8	5.7
1989	37 963	562 530	381 173	181 357	14.8	10.0	4.8
1990	38 119	545 817	390 343	155 474	14.3	10.2	4.1
1991	38 245	547 719	405 716	142 003	14.3	10.6	3.7
1992	38 365	515 214	394 729	120 485	13.4	10.3	3.1
1993	38 459	494 310	392 259	102 051	12.9	10.2	2.7
1994	38 544	481 285	386 398	94 887	12.5	10.0	2.5
1995	38 588	443 109	386 084	57 025	11.5	10.0	1.5
1996	38 618	428 203	385 496	42 707	11.1	10.0	1.1
1997	38 650	412 635	380 201	32 434	10.7	9.8	0.8
1998	38 666	395 619	375 354	20 265	10.2	9.7	0.5
1999	38 654	382 002	381 415	587	9.9	9.9	0.0
2000	38 649	378 348	368 028	10 320	9.8	9.5	0.3
2001	38 248	368 205	363 220	4 985	9.6	9.5	0.1
2002	38 231	353 765	359 486	-5 721	9.3	9.4	-0.1
2003	38 205	351 072	365 230	-14 158	9.2	9.6	-0.4
2004	38 183	356 131	363 522	-7 391	9.3	9.5	-0.2
2005	38 166	364 383	368 285	-3 902	9.5	9.6	-0.1
2006	38 141	374 244	369 686	4 558	9.8	9.7	0.1
2007	38 121	387 873	377 226	10 647	10.2	9.9	0.3
2008	38 126	414 499	379 399	35 100	10.9	10.0	0.9
2009	38 152	417 600	384 900	32 700	10.9	10.1	0.9
2010

Nationalities

96.7% of the people of Poland

Poland

claim Polish nationality

Poles

thumb|right|180px|The state flag of [[Poland]] as used by Polish government and diplomatic authoritiesThe Polish people, or Poles , are a nation indigenous to Poland. They are united by the Polish language, which belongs to the historical Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages of Central Europe...

, and 97.8% declare that they speak Polish

Polish language

Polish is a language of the Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages, used throughout Poland and by Polish minorities in other countries...

at home (Census 2002).

Largest metropolitan and urban areas

Population numbers by database>

Area	ESPON	Eurostat Eurostat Eurostat is a Directorate-General of the European Commission located in Luxembourg. Its main responsibilities are to provide the European Union with statistical information at European level and to promote the integration of statistical methods across the Member States of the European Union,... LUZ	Ministry of Regional Development	United Nations United Nations The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...	Demographia.com	Citypopulation.de	Scientific study by T. Markowski	Scientific study by Swianiewicz, Klimska
Katowice Katowice Katowice is a city in Silesia in southern Poland, on the Kłodnica and Rawa rivers . Katowice is located in the Silesian Highlands, about north of the Silesian Beskids and about southeast of the Sudetes Mountains.It is the central district of the Upper Silesian Metropolis, with a population of 2... (Katowice urban area Katowice urban area The Katowice urban area, also known as the Upper Silesian urban area, is an urban area/conurbation in southern Poland. It is located in the Silesian Voivodeship and in a small part of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship. The Katowice urban area is the largest urban area in Poland and one of the largest... )	3,029,000(5,294,000)	2,710,397	3,239,200	3,069,000	2,500,000	2,775,000	2,746,000	2,733,000
Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most...	2,785,000	2,660,406	2,680,600	2,194,000	2,030,000	2,375,000	2,631,900	2,504,000
Kraków Kraków Kraków also Krakow, or Cracow , is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in the Lesser Poland region, the city dates back to the 7th century. Kraków has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, cultural, and artistic life...	1,236,000	1,264,322	1,227,200	818,000	750,000	Not listed	1,257,500	1,367,000
Łódź	1,165,000	1,163,516	1,061,600	974,000	950,000	1,060,000	1,178,000	1,129,000
Gdańsk Gdansk Gdańsk is a Polish city on the Baltic coast, at the centre of the country's fourth-largest metropolitan area.The city lies on the southern edge of Gdańsk Bay , in a conurbation with the city of Gdynia, spa town of Sopot, and suburban communities, which together form a metropolitan area called the...	993,000	1,105,203	1,220,800	854,000	775,000	No data	1,098,400	1,210,000
Poznań Poznan Poznań is a city on the Warta river in west-central Poland, with a population of 556,022 in June 2009. It is among the oldest cities in Poland, and was one of the most important centres in the early Polish state, whose first rulers were buried at Poznań's cathedral. It is sometimes claimed to be...	919,000	1,018,511	1,227,200	No data	600,000	No data	1,011,200	846,000
Wrocław	861,000	1,031,439	1,136,900	No data	700,000	No data	1,029,800	956,000
Szczecin Szczecin Szczecin , is the capital city of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland. It is the country's seventh-largest city and the largest seaport in Poland on the Baltic Sea. As of June 2009 the population was 406,427....	721,000	878,314	724,700	No data	500,000	No data	No data	755,806

Demographics by town

	City	Voivodeship	Inhabitants May 20, 2002	Inhabitants December 31, 2004	Inhabitants December 31, 2006
1	Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most...	Masovia Masovian Voivodeship -Administrative division:Masovian Voivodeship is divided into 42 counties : 5 city counties and 37 "land counties"...	1,671,670	1,692,854	1,702,139
2	Łódź	Łódź	789,318	774,004	760,251
3	Kraków Kraków Kraków also Krakow, or Cracow , is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in the Lesser Poland region, the city dates back to the 7th century. Kraków has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, cultural, and artistic life...	Lesser Poland Lesser Poland Voivodeship Małopolska Voivodeship , or Lesser Poland Voivodeship, is a voivodeship, in southern Poland...	758,544	757,430	756,267
4	Wrocław	Lower Silesia Lower Silesian Voivodeship Lower Silesian Voivodeship, or Lower Silesia Province , is one of the 16 voivodeships into which Poland is currently divided. It lies in southwestern Poland...	640,367	636,268	634,630
5	Poznań Poznan Poznań is a city on the Warta river in west-central Poland, with a population of 556,022 in June 2009. It is among the oldest cities in Poland, and was one of the most important centres in the early Polish state, whose first rulers were buried at Poznań's cathedral. It is sometimes claimed to be...	Greater Poland Greater Poland Voivodeship Wielkopolska Voivodeship , or Greater Poland Voivodeship, is a voivodeship, or province, in west-central Poland. It was created on 1 January 1999 out of the former Poznań, Kalisz, Konin, Piła and Leszno Voivodeships, pursuant to the Polish local government reforms adopted in 1998...	578,886	570,778	564,951
6	Gdańsk Gdansk Gdańsk is a Polish city on the Baltic coast, at the centre of the country's fourth-largest metropolitan area.The city lies on the southern edge of Gdańsk Bay , in a conurbation with the city of Gdynia, spa town of Sopot, and suburban communities, which together form a metropolitan area called the...	Pomerania Pomeranian Voivodeship Pomeranian Voivodeship, or Pomerania Province , is a voivodeship, or province, in north-central Poland. It comprises most of Pomerelia , as well as an area east of the Vistula River...	461,334	459,072	456,658
7	Szczecin Szczecin Szczecin , is the capital city of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland. It is the country's seventh-largest city and the largest seaport in Poland on the Baltic Sea. As of June 2009 the population was 406,427....	Western Pomerania West Pomeranian Voivodeship West Pomeranian Voivodeship, , is a voivodeship in northwestern Poland. It borders on Pomeranian Voivodeship to the east, Greater Poland Voivodeship to the southeast, Lubusz Voivodeship to the south, the German federal-state of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania to the west, and the Baltic Sea to the north...	415,399	411,900	409,068
8	Bydgoszcz	Kuyavia-Pomerania Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship -Transportation:Transportation infrastructure is of critical importance to the voivodeship's economy. Kuyavia-Pomerania is a major node point in the Polish transportation system. Railway lines from the South and East pass through Bydgoszcz in order to reach the major ports on the Baltic Sea...	373,804	368,235	363,468
9	Lublin Lublin Lublin is the ninth largest city in Poland. It is the capital of Lublin Voivodeship with a population of 350,392 . Lublin is also the largest Polish city east of the Vistula river...	Lublin Lublin Voivodeship - Administrative division :Lublin Voivodeship is divided into 24 counties : 4 city counties and 20 land counties. These are further divided into 213 gminas....	357,110	355,998	353,483
10	Katowice Katowice Katowice is a city in Silesia in southern Poland, on the Kłodnica and Rawa rivers . Katowice is located in the Silesian Highlands, about north of the Silesian Beskids and about southeast of the Sudetes Mountains.It is the central district of the Upper Silesian Metropolis, with a population of 2...	Silesia Silesian Voivodeship Silesian Voivodeship, or Silesia Province , is a voivodeship, or province, in southern Poland, centering on the historic region known as Upper Silesia...	327,222	319,904	314,500
11	Białystok (Demographics Demographics of Białystok Historically, Białystok has been a destination for internal and foreign immigration, especially from Central and Eastern Europe. In addition to the Polish minority, there was a significant Jewish majority in Białystok. According to Russian census of 1897, out of the total population of 66,000, Jews... )	Podlaskie Podlaskie Voivodeship Podlaskie Voivodeship , is a voivodeship in northeastern Poland. It borders on Masovian Voivodeship to the west, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship to the northwest, Lublin Voivodeship to the south, the Belarusssian Voblasts of Grodno and Brest to the east, the Lithuanian Counties of Alytus and...	291,383	292,150	294,830
12	Gdynia Gdynia Gdynia is a city in the Pomeranian Voivodeship of Poland and an important seaport of Gdańsk Bay on the south coast of the Baltic Sea.Located in Kashubia in Eastern Pomerania, Gdynia is part of a conurbation with the spa town of Sopot, the city of Gdańsk and suburban communities, which together...	Pomerania Pomeranian Voivodeship Pomeranian Voivodeship, or Pomerania Province , is a voivodeship, or province, in north-central Poland. It comprises most of Pomerelia , as well as an area east of the Vistula River...	253,458	253,324	251,844
13	Częstochowa Czestochowa Częstochowa is a city in south Poland on the Warta River with 240,027 inhabitants . It has been situated in the Silesian Voivodeship since 1999, and was previously the capital of Częstochowa Voivodeship...	Silesia Silesian Voivodeship Silesian Voivodeship, or Silesia Province , is a voivodeship, or province, in southern Poland, centering on the historic region known as Upper Silesia...	251,436	248,032	245,030
14	Radom Radom Radom is a city in central Poland with 223,397 inhabitants . It is located on the Mleczna River in the Masovian Voivodeship , having previously been the capital of Radom Voivodeship ; 100 km south of Poland's capital, Warsaw.It is home to the biennial Radom Air Show, the largest and...	Masovia Masovian Voivodeship -Administrative division:Masovian Voivodeship is divided into 42 counties : 5 city counties and 37 "land counties"...	229,699	227,613	225,810
15	Sosnowiec Sosnowiec Sosnowiec is a city in Zagłębie Dąbrowskie in southern Poland, near Katowice. It is one of the central districts of the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union - a metropolis with a combined population of over two million people located in the Silesian Highlands, on the Brynica river .It is situated in...	Silesia Silesian Voivodeship Silesian Voivodeship, or Silesia Province , is a voivodeship, or province, in southern Poland, centering on the historic region known as Upper Silesia...	232,622	228,192	245,030
16	Toruń Torun Toruń is an ancient city in northern Poland, on the Vistula River. Its population is more than 205,934 as of June 2009. Toruń is one of the oldest cities in Poland. The medieval old town of Toruń is the birthplace of the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus....	Kuyavia-Pomerania Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship -Transportation:Transportation infrastructure is of critical importance to the voivodeship's economy. Kuyavia-Pomerania is a major node point in the Polish transportation system. Railway lines from the South and East pass through Bydgoszcz in order to reach the major ports on the Baltic Sea...	211,243	208,278	207,190
17	Kielce Kielce Kielce ) is a city in central Poland with 204,891 inhabitants . It is also the capital city of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship since 1999, previously in Kielce Voivodeship...	Świętokrzyskie Swietokrzyskie Voivodeship Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, or Świętokrzyskie Province , is one of the 16 voivodeships into which Poland is presently divided. It is situated in central Poland, in the historical province of Lesser Poland, and takes its name from the Świętokrzyskie mountain range...	212,429	209,455	207,188
18	Gliwice Gliwice Gliwice is a city in Upper Silesia in southern Poland, near Katowice. Gliwice is the west district of the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union – a metropolis with a population of 2 million...	Silesia Silesian Voivodeship Silesian Voivodeship, or Silesia Province , is a voivodeship, or province, in southern Poland, centering on the historic region known as Upper Silesia...	203,814	200,361	198,499
19	Zabrze Zabrze Zabrze is a city in Silesia in southern Poland, near Katowice. The west district of the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union is a metropolis with a population of around 2 million...	Silesia Silesian Voivodeship Silesian Voivodeship, or Silesia Province , is a voivodeship, or province, in southern Poland, centering on the historic region known as Upper Silesia...	195,293	192,546	190,110
20	Bytom Bytom Bytom is a city in Silesia in southern Poland, near Katowice. The central-western district of the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union - metropolis with the population of 2 millions. Bytom is located in the Silesian Highlands, on the Bytomka river .The city belongs to the Silesian Voivodeship since...	Silesia Silesian Voivodeship Silesian Voivodeship, or Silesia Province , is a voivodeship, or province, in southern Poland, centering on the historic region known as Upper Silesia...	193,546	189,535	186,540
21	Bielsko-Biała Bielsko-Biała -Economy and Industry:Nowadays Bielsko-Biała is one of the best-developed parts of Poland. It was ranked 2nd best city for business in that country by Forbes. About 5% of people are unemployed . Bielsko-Biała is famous for its textile, machine-building, and especially automotive industry...	Silesia Silesian Voivodeship Silesian Voivodeship, or Silesia Province , is a voivodeship, or province, in southern Poland, centering on the historic region known as Upper Silesia...	178,028	176,987	176,453
22	Olsztyn Olsztyn Olsztyn is a city in northeastern Poland, on the Łyna River. Olsztyn has been the capital of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship since 1999. It was previously in the Olsztyn Voivodeship...	Warmia-Masuria Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, or Warmia-Masuria Province , is a voivodeship in northeastern Poland. Its capital and largest city is Olsztyn...	173,102	174,550	174,941
23	Rzeszów Rzeszów Rzeszów is a city in southeastern Poland with a population of 179,455 in 2010. It is located on both sides of the Wisłok River, in the heartland of the Sandomierska Valley...	Subcarpathia Subcarpathian Voivodeship Podkarpackie Voivodeship , or Subcarpathian Voivodeship, is a voivodeship, or province, in extreme-southeastern Poland. Its administrative capital and largest city is Rzeszów...	160,376	159,020	165,578
24	Ruda Śląska Ruda Slaska Ruda Śląska is a city in Silesia in southern Poland, near Katowice. It is a district in the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union, a metropolis with a population of 2 million. It is located in the Silesian Highlands, on the Kłodnica river ....	Silesia Silesian Voivodeship Silesian Voivodeship, or Silesia Province , is a voivodeship, or province, in southern Poland, centering on the historic region known as Upper Silesia...	150,595	147,403	145,471
25	Rybnik Rybnik Rybnik is a city in southern Poland, in the Silesian Voivodeship. Rybnik is located close to the border with the Czech Republic and just outside the southern border of the largest urban area in Poland, the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union...	Silesia Silesian Voivodeship Silesian Voivodeship, or Silesia Province , is a voivodeship, or province, in southern Poland, centering on the historic region known as Upper Silesia...	142,731	141,755	141,388
26	Tychy Tychy Tychy is a city in Silesia, Poland, approximately south of Katowice. Situated on the southern edge of the Upper Silesian industrial district, the city borders Katowice to the north, Mikołów to the west, Bieruń to the east and Kobiór to the south...	Silesia Silesian Voivodeship Silesian Voivodeship, or Silesia Province , is a voivodeship, or province, in southern Poland, centering on the historic region known as Upper Silesia...	132,816	131,547	130,492
27	Dąbrowa Górnicza Dabrowa Górnicza Dąbrowa Górnicza is a city in Zagłębie Dąbrowskie in southern Poland, nearby Katowice. The north-east district of the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union - metropolis with the population of almost 3 millions...	Silesia Silesian Voivodeship Silesian Voivodeship, or Silesia Province , is a voivodeship, or province, in southern Poland, centering on the historic region known as Upper Silesia...	132,236	130,789	129,559
28	Opole Opole Opole is a city in southern Poland on the Oder River . It has a population of 125,992 and is the capital of the Upper Silesia, Opole Voivodeship and, also the seat of Opole County...	Opole Opole Voivodeship - Administrative division :Opole Voivodeship is divided into 12 counties : 1 city county and 11 land counties. These are further divided into 71 gminas.The counties are listed in the following table .- Economy :...	129,946	128,864	127,602
29	Płock	Masovia Masovian Voivodeship -Administrative division:Masovian Voivodeship is divided into 42 counties : 5 city counties and 37 "land counties"...	128,361	127,841	127,224
30	Elbląg Elblag Elbląg is a city in northern Poland with 127,892 inhabitants . It is the capital of Elbląg County and has been assigned to the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship since 1999. Before then it was the capital of Elbląg Voivodeship and a county seat in Gdańsk Voivodeship...	Warmia-Masuria Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, or Warmia-Masuria Province , is a voivodeship in northeastern Poland. Its capital and largest city is Olsztyn...	128,134	127,655	126,985
31	Gorzów Wielkopolski Gorzów Wielkopolski Gorzów Wielkopolski is a city in western Poland, on the Warta river. It is the biggest city in the Lubusz Voivodeship with 125,149 inhabitants...	Lubusz Lubusz Voivodeship - Administrative division :Lubusz Voivodeship is divided into 14 counties : 2 city counties and 12 land counties. These are further divided into 83 gminas....	125,914	125,578	125,504
32	Wałbrzych	Lower Silesia Lower Silesian Voivodeship Lower Silesian Voivodeship, or Lower Silesia Province , is one of the 16 voivodeships into which Poland is currently divided. It lies in southwestern Poland...	130,268	127,566	124,988
33	Włocławek	Kuyavia-Pomerania Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship -Transportation:Transportation infrastructure is of critical importance to the voivodeship's economy. Kuyavia-Pomerania is a major node point in the Polish transportation system. Railway lines from the South and East pass through Bydgoszcz in order to reach the major ports on the Baltic Sea...	121,229	120,369	119,256
34	Zielona Góra Zielona Góra Zielona Góra is a city in Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland, with 117,557 inhabitants within the city limits and 294,000 inhabitants within the metropolitan area, including three neighbouring counties ....	Lubusz Lubusz Voivodeship - Administrative division :Lubusz Voivodeship is divided into 14 counties : 2 city counties and 12 land counties. These are further divided into 83 gminas....	118,293	118,516	118,115
35	Tarnów Tarnów Tarnów is a city in southeastern Poland with 115,341 inhabitants as of June 2009. The city has been situated in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship since 1999, but from 1975 to 1998 it was the capital of the Tarnów Voivodeship. It is a major rail junction, located on the strategic east-west connection...	Lesser Poland Lesser Poland Voivodeship Małopolska Voivodeship , or Lesser Poland Voivodeship, is a voivodeship, in southern Poland...	119,913	118,267	116,967
36	Chorzów Chorzów Chorzów is a city in Silesia in southern Poland, near Katowice. Chorzów is one of the central districts of the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union - a metropolis with a population of 2 million...	Silesia Silesian Voivodeship Silesian Voivodeship, or Silesia Province , is a voivodeship, or province, in southern Poland, centering on the historic region known as Upper Silesia...	117,430	115,241	113,978
37	Kalisz Kalisz Kalisz is a city in central Poland with 106,857 inhabitants , the capital city of the Kalisz Region. Situated on the Prosna river in the southeastern part of the Greater Poland Voivodeship, the city forms a conurbation with the nearby towns of Ostrów Wielkopolski and Nowe Skalmierzyce...	Greater Poland Greater Poland Voivodeship Wielkopolska Voivodeship , or Greater Poland Voivodeship, is a voivodeship, or province, in west-central Poland. It was created on 1 January 1999 out of the former Poznań, Kalisz, Konin, Piła and Leszno Voivodeships, pursuant to the Polish local government reforms adopted in 1998...	109,498	108,792	108,477
38	Koszalin Koszalin Koszalin ; is the largest city of Middle Pomerania in north-western Poland. It is located 12 km south of the Baltic Sea coast. Koszalin is also a county-status city and capital of Koszalin County of West Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999...	Western Pomerania West Pomeranian Voivodeship West Pomeranian Voivodeship, , is a voivodeship in northwestern Poland. It borders on Pomeranian Voivodeship to the east, Greater Poland Voivodeship to the southeast, Lubusz Voivodeship to the south, the German federal-state of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania to the west, and the Baltic Sea to the north...	108,709	107,773	107,693
39	Legnica Legnica Legnica is a town in south-western Poland, in Silesia, in the central part of Lower Silesia, on the plain of Legnica, riverside: Kaczawa and Czarna Woda. Between 1 June 1975 and 31 December 1998 Legnica was the capital of the Legnica Voivodeship. It is currently the seat of the county...	Lower Silesia Lower Silesian Voivodeship Lower Silesian Voivodeship, or Lower Silesia Province , is one of the 16 voivodeships into which Poland is currently divided. It lies in southwestern Poland...	107,100	106,143	105,186
40	Grudziądz Grudziadz Grudziądz is a city in northern Poland on the Vistula River, with 96 042 inhabitants . Situated in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship , the city was previously in the Toruń Voivodeship .- History :-Early history:...	Kuyavia-Pomerania Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship -Transportation:Transportation infrastructure is of critical importance to the voivodeship's economy. Kuyavia-Pomerania is a major node point in the Polish transportation system. Railway lines from the South and East pass through Bydgoszcz in order to reach the major ports on the Baltic Sea...	99,943	98,757	99,244
41	Słupsk	Pomerania Pomeranian Voivodeship Pomeranian Voivodeship, or Pomerania Province , is a voivodeship, or province, in north-central Poland. It comprises most of Pomerelia , as well as an area east of the Vistula River...	100,376	99,827	98,092

Demographics by voivodeship

0,07
Inhabitants of voivodeships (2008, according to GUS)
Area (in km²)	Inhabitants	Pace of gain (%)
Lower Silesian Lower Silesian Voivodeship Lower Silesian Voivodeship, or Lower Silesia Province , is one of the 16 voivodeships into which Poland is currently divided. It lies in southwestern Poland...	19 947	2 887 059	-0,04
Kuyavian-Pomeranian Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship -Transportation:Transportation infrastructure is of critical importance to the voivodeship's economy. Kuyavia-Pomerania is a major node point in the Polish transportation system. Railway lines from the South and East pass through Bydgoszcz in order to reach the major ports on the Baltic Sea...	17 972	2 067 918
Lublin Lublin Voivodeship - Administrative division :Lublin Voivodeship is divided into 24 counties : 4 city counties and 20 land counties. These are further divided into 213 gminas....	25 122	2 161 832
Lubusz Lubusz Voivodeship - Administrative division :Lubusz Voivodeship is divided into 14 counties : 2 city counties and 12 land counties. These are further divided into 83 gminas....	13 998	1 008 926	0,00
Łódź	18 219	2 548 861
Lesser Poland Lesser Poland Voivodeship Małopolska Voivodeship , or Lesser Poland Voivodeship, is a voivodeship, in southern Poland...	15 183	3 287 136	+0.22
Masovian Masovian Voivodeship -Administrative division:Masovian Voivodeship is divided into 42 counties : 5 city counties and 37 "land counties"...	35 558	5 204 495
Opole Opole Voivodeship - Administrative division :Opole Voivodeship is divided into 12 counties : 1 city county and 11 land counties. These are further divided into 71 gminas.The counties are listed in the following table .- Economy :...	9412	1 033 040
Subcarpathian Subcarpathian Voivodeship Podkarpackie Voivodeship , or Subcarpathian Voivodeship, is a voivodeship, or province, in extreme-southeastern Poland. Its administrative capital and largest city is Rzeszów...	17 846	2 099 495
Podlaskie Podlaskie Voivodeship Podlaskie Voivodeship , is a voivodeship in northeastern Poland. It borders on Masovian Voivodeship to the west, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship to the northwest, Lublin Voivodeship to the south, the Belarusssian Voblasts of Grodno and Brest to the east, the Lithuanian Counties of Alytus and... (Demographics Demographics of Podlaskie Voivodeship Podlaskie is the land of the confluence of cultures – Polish, Belarusian, Ukrainian and Lithuanian – and is indicative of the ethnic territories limits. Eastward of Podlaskie lie ethnically non-Polish lands, while westward ethnically non-West... )	20 187	1 191 470
Pomeranian Pomeranian Voivodeship Pomeranian Voivodeship, or Pomerania Province , is a voivodeship, or province, in north-central Poland. It comprises most of Pomerelia , as well as an area east of the Vistula River...	18 310	2 219 512
Silesian Silesian Voivodeship Silesian Voivodeship, or Silesia Province , is a voivodeship, or province, in southern Poland, centering on the historic region known as Upper Silesia...	12 334	4 645 665	-0.12
Świętokrzyskie Swietokrzyskie Voivodeship Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, or Świętokrzyskie Province , is one of the 16 voivodeships into which Poland is presently divided. It is situated in central Poland, in the historical province of Lesser Poland, and takes its name from the Świętokrzyskie mountain range...	11 710	1 272 784
Warmian-Masurian Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, or Warmia-Masuria Province , is a voivodeship in northeastern Poland. Its capital and largest city is Olsztyn...	24 173	1 427 073
Greater Poland Greater Poland Voivodeship Wielkopolska Voivodeship , or Greater Poland Voivodeship, is a voivodeship, or province, in west-central Poland. It was created on 1 January 1999 out of the former Poznań, Kalisz, Konin, Piła and Leszno Voivodeships, pursuant to the Polish local government reforms adopted in 1998...	29 827	3 397 617	+0.26
West Pomeranian West Pomeranian Voivodeship West Pomeranian Voivodeship, , is a voivodeship in northwestern Poland. It borders on Pomeranian Voivodeship to the east, Greater Poland Voivodeship to the southeast, Lubusz Voivodeship to the south, the German federal-state of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania to the west, and the Baltic Sea to the north...	22 892	1 692 957
Poland	312 679	38 135 876	+0,05

Statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

Total asylum seekers admitted

10,590 (2009) applications, mostly from the Russian Federation, Georgia

Georgia (country)

Georgia is a sovereign state in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the southwest by Turkey, to the south by Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. The capital of...

, and Armenia

Armenia

Armenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia...

Age structure

0–14 years: 14.8% (male 2,931,732/female 2,769,021)

15–64 years: 71.7% (male 13,725,939/female 13,863,103)

65 years and over: 13.5% (male 1,971,763/female 3,202,131) (2010 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth:
1.061 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.06 male(s)/female

15–64 years:
0.99 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.62 male(s)/female

total population:
0.94 male(s)/female (2010 est.)

Infant mortality rate

total: 6.66 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 7.38 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 5.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2010 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 75.85 years

male: 71.88 years

female: 80.06 years (2010 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.40 children born/woman (2009 est.).
The 2008 est. was 1.39, with 1.30 for urban areas and 1.53 for rural areas. The 2008 total fertility rate of 1.39 is a significant improvement over 1.31 in 2007.

Ethnic groups

Polish 96.7%, German

Germans

The Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages....

152.897 Ukrainians

Ukrainians

Ukrainians are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine, which is the sixth-largest nation in Europe. The Constitution of Ukraine applies the term 'Ukrainians' to all its citizens...

- 150.000 Belarusians

Belarusians

Belarusians ; are an East Slavic ethnic group who populate the majority of the Republic of Belarus. Introduced to the world as a new state in the early 1990s, the Republic of Belarus brought with it the notion of a re-emerging Belarusian ethnicity, drawn upon the lines of the Old Belarusian...

- 47.640 Vietnamese

Vietnamese people

The Vietnamese people are an ethnic group originating from present-day northern Vietnam and southern China. They are the majority ethnic group of Vietnam, comprising 86% of the population as of the 1999 census, and are officially known as Kinh to distinguish them from other ethnic groups in Vietnam...

- 40.000 Armenians

Armenians

Armenian people or Armenians are a nation and ethnic group native to the Armenian Highland.The largest concentration is in Armenia having a nearly-homogeneous population with 97.9% or 3,145,354 being ethnic Armenian....

- 20.858 Russians

Russians

The Russian people are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Russia, speaking the Russian language and primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries....

(including Chechens) - 12.550 Chinese

Chinese people

The term Chinese people may refer to any of the following:*People with Han Chinese ethnicity ....

- 8.016 Arabs - 4.072 Indians

India

India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...

- 2.094

Religions

Roman Catholic 94% (about 75% practicing), unspecified 6% (2002 census)

Literacy

definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
99.8%

male:
99.8%

female:
99.7% (2003 est.)

External links

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