The Holy Roman Empire

Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire was a realm that existed from 962 to 1806 in Central Europe.It was ruled by the Holy Roman Emperor. Its character changed during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, when the power of the emperor gradually weakened in favour of the princes...

 was a highly decentralized state for most of its history, composed of hundreds of smaller states, most of which operated with some degree of independent sovereignty. Although in the earlier part of the Middle Ages, under the Salian and Hohenstaufen

Hohenstaufen

The House of Hohenstaufen was a dynasty of German kings in the High Middle Ages, lasting from 1138 to 1254. Three of these kings were also crowned Holy Roman Emperor. In 1194 the Hohenstaufens also became Kings of Sicily...

 emperors, it was relatively centralized, as time went on the Emperor lost more and more power to the Princes. The membership of the Imperial Diet in 1792, late in the Empire's history but before the beginning of the French Revolutionary Wars, gives some insight as to the composition of the Holy Roman Empire at that time.

Structure of the Diet of the Holy Roman Empire in 1792

The year 1792 was just before the vast changes inspired by the French Revolution

French Revolution

The French Revolution , sometimes distinguished as the 'Great French Revolution' , was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France and Europe. The absolute monarchy that had ruled France for centuries collapsed in three years...

ary incursions into Germany. The empire was, at that time, divided into several thousand immediate (unmittelbar) territories, but only about three hundred of these had Landeshoheit (the special sort of sovereignty enjoyed by the states of the Empire), and had representation in the Reichstag

Reichstag (Holy Roman Empire)

The Imperial Diet was the Diet, or general assembly, of the Imperial Estates of the Holy Roman Empire.During the period of the Empire, which lasted formally until 1806, the Diet was not a parliament in today's sense; instead, it was an assembly of the various estates of the realm...

 (Imperial Diet). The Imperial Diet was divided into three so-called collegia — the Council of Electors

Prince-elector

The Prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire were the members of the electoral college of the Holy Roman Empire, having the function of electing the Roman king or, from the middle of the 16th century onwards, directly the Holy Roman Emperor.The heir-apparent to a prince-elector was known as an...

, the Council of Princes, and the Council of Cities. As those who received votes had gradually changed over the centuries, many princes held more than one vote. Certain territories which had once held votes in the diet, as for instance the County of Waldeck or the Duchy of Jülich-Kleve-Berg, no longer did so due to the extinction of an old dynasty, or for other reasons.

The Council of Electors

The council included the following eight members:

• The King of Bohemia (also Archduke of Austria
  Austria
  Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
  
   and King of Hungary
  Hungary
  Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
  
  ) (Emperor Leopold II
  Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor
  Leopold II , born Peter Leopold Joseph Anton Joachim Pius Gotthard, was Holy Roman Emperor and King of Hungary and Bohemia from 1790 to 1792, Archduke of Austria and Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1765 to 1790. He was a son of Emperor Francis I and his wife, Empress Maria Theresa...
  
  )
• The Archbishop of Mainz (Friedrich Karl Joseph von Erthal
  Friedrich Karl Joseph von Erthal
  Friedrich Karl Joseph Reichsfreiherr von Erthal was prince-elector and archbishop of Mainz from 18 July 1774 to 4 July 1802, shortly before the end of the archbishopric in the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss....
  
  )
• The Archbishop of Trier (Clemens Wenceslaus of Saxony)
• The Archbishop of Cologne (Maximilian Francis of Austria
  Archduke Maximilian Francis of Austria
  Archduke Maximilian Francis of Austria was an Archbishop-Elector of Cologne, the last child of the Habsburg ruler Maria Theresa and her husband, Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor. His siblings included two Holy Roman Emperors , as well as Queen Marie Antoinette of France and Queen Maria Carolina of...
  
  )
• The Count Palatine of the Rhine
  Rhineland-Palatinate
  Rhineland-Palatinate is one of the 16 states of the Federal Republic of Germany. It has an area of and about four million inhabitants. The capital is Mainz. English speakers also commonly refer to the state by its German name, Rheinland-Pfalz ....
  
   (also Duke of Bavaria) (Charles IV Theodore
  Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria
  Charles Theodore, Prince-Elector, Count Palatine and Duke of Bavaria reigned as Prince-Elector and Count palatine from 1742, as Duke of Jülich and Berg from 1742 and also as Prince-Elector and Duke of Bavaria from 1777, until his death...
  
  )
• The Duke of Saxony (Friedrich August III
  Frederick Augustus I of Saxony
  Frederick Augustus I was King of Saxony from the House of Wettin. He was also Elector Frederick Augustus III of Saxony and Duke Frederick Augustus I of Warsaw...
  
  )
• The Margrave of Brandenburg (King of Prussia
  Prussia
  Prussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history...
  
  ) (Frederick William II
  Frederick William II of Prussia
  Frederick William II was the King of Prussia, reigning from 1786 until his death. He was in personal union the Prince-Elector of Brandenburg and the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuchâtel.-Early life:...
  
  )
• The Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
  Brunswick-Lüneburg
  The Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg , or more properly Duchy of Brunswick and Lüneburg, was an historical ducal state from the late Middle Ages until the late Early Modern era within the North-Western domains of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, in what is now northern Germany...
  
   (Elector of Hanover
  Electorate of Hanover
  The Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg was the ninth Electorate of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation...
  
  , King of Great Britain
  Kingdom of Great Britain
  The former Kingdom of Great Britain, sometimes described as the 'United Kingdom of Great Britain', That the Two Kingdoms of Scotland and England, shall upon the 1st May next ensuing the date hereof, and forever after, be United into One Kingdom by the Name of GREAT BRITAIN. was a sovereign...
  
  ) (George III
  George III of the United Kingdom
  George III was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of these two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death...
  
  )

The Council of Princes

This is ordered based on the official order of voting in the Diet:

• The Archduke of Austria (also King of Bohemia) (Emperor Leopold II
  Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor
  Leopold II , born Peter Leopold Joseph Anton Joachim Pius Gotthard, was Holy Roman Emperor and King of Hungary and Bohemia from 1790 to 1792, Archduke of Austria and Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1765 to 1790. He was a son of Emperor Francis I and his wife, Empress Maria Theresa...
  
  )
  
• The Duke of Burgundy
  Duke of Burgundy
  Duke of Burgundy was a title borne by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, a small portion of traditional lands of Burgundians west of river Saône which in 843 was allotted to Charles the Bald's kingdom of West Franks...
  
   (also Archduke of Austria) (Emperor Leopold II
  Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor
  Leopold II , born Peter Leopold Joseph Anton Joachim Pius Gotthard, was Holy Roman Emperor and King of Hungary and Bohemia from 1790 to 1792, Archduke of Austria and Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1765 to 1790. He was a son of Emperor Francis I and his wife, Empress Maria Theresa...
  
  )
  

The Ecclesiastical Bench

• The Archbishop of Salzburg (Hieronymus von Colloredo
  Count Hieronymus von Colloredo
  Count Hieronymus Joseph Franz de Paula Graf Colloredo von Wallsee und Melz was Prince-Bishop of Gurk from 1761 and Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg from 1771 until 1803, when the Archbishopric was secularized.-Life:He was the second son of Count Rudolf Wenzel Joseph Colloredo von Wallsee und Melz , a...
  
  )
• The Archbishop of Besançon
• The Grand Master of the Teutonic Order (Maximilian Franz of Austria
  Archduke Maximilian Francis of Austria
  Archduke Maximilian Francis of Austria was an Archbishop-Elector of Cologne, the last child of the Habsburg ruler Maria Theresa and her husband, Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor. His siblings included two Holy Roman Emperors , as well as Queen Marie Antoinette of France and Queen Maria Carolina of...
  
  , the Elector of Cologne)
• The Bishop of Bamberg  (Franz Ludwig von Erthal
  Franz Ludwig von Erthal
  Franz Ludwig von Erthal was the prince-bishop of Würzburg and Bamberg from 1779 until his death. He was buried at the Würzburg Cathedral.-External links:*...
  
  , also Prince-Bishop of Würzburg)
• The Bishop of Würzburg
  Bishopric of Würzburg
  The Bishopric of Würzburg was a prince-bishopric in the Holy Roman Empire, located in Lower Franconia, around the city of Würzburg, Germany. Würzburg was a diocese from 743. In the 18th century, its bishop was often also Bishop of Bamberg...
  
   (Franz Ludwig von Erthal
  Franz Ludwig von Erthal
  Franz Ludwig von Erthal was the prince-bishop of Würzburg and Bamberg from 1779 until his death. He was buried at the Würzburg Cathedral.-External links:*...
  
  , also Prince-Bishop of Bamberg)
• The Bishop of Worms
  Bishopric of Worms
  The Bishopric of Worms was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire. Located on both banks of the Rhine around Worms just north of the union of that river with the Neckar, it was largely surrounded by the Palatinate. Worms had been the seat of a bishop from Roman times...
  
   (Friedrich Karl Joseph von Erthal
  Friedrich Karl Joseph von Erthal
  Friedrich Karl Joseph Reichsfreiherr von Erthal was prince-elector and archbishop of Mainz from 18 July 1774 to 4 July 1802, shortly before the end of the archbishopric in the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss....
  
  , the Elector of Mainz)
• The Bishop of Eichstätt
  Bishop of Eichstätt
  -Bishops of Eichstätt, 741-1790:*Willibald 741-786*Geroch 786-801*Aganus 801-819*Adalung 820-841*Altun 841-858*Ottokar 858-881*Gottschalk 881-884*Erkenbald 884-916*Udalfried 916-933*Starchand 933-966*Reginald 966-989*Megingoz von Lechsgemund 989-1014...
  
   (Joseph von Stubenberg)
• The Bishop of Speyer (August Philip of Limburg Stirum
  August Philip of Limburg Stirum
  August Philipp Karl of Limburg Stirum, count of Limburg Stirum and Bronckhorst, was born in 1721, son of Otto Leopold Count von Limburg Styrum und Bronckhorst, Lord of Gemen and Raesfeld and Anna Elisabeth countess of Schönborn .August Philipp was Prince-Bishop of Speyer and sovereign Lord zu...
  
  )
• The Bishop of Strassburg (Louis-René-Edouard de Rohan-Guéménée)
• The Bishop of Constance (Maximilian Christof von Rodt)
• The Bishop of Augsburg
  Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg
  The Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg was one of the prince-bishoprics of the Holy Roman Empire, which belonged to the Swabian Circle.-Early period:...
  
   (Clemens Wenzeslaus of Saxony, the Elector of Trier)
• The Bishop of Hildesheim (Franz Egon von Fürstenberg, also Prince-Bishop of Paderborn)
• The Bishop of Paderborn (Franz Egon von Fürstenberg, also Prince-Bishop of Hildesheim)
• The Bishop of Freising (Joseph Konrad von Schroffenberg-Mös, also Prince-Bishop of Regensburg)
• The Bishop of Regensburg (Joseph Konrad von Schroffenberg-Mös, also Prince-Bishop of Freising)
• The Bishop of Passau
  Bishop of Passau
  The Diocese of Passau is a diocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic church in Germany. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of München und Freising. The diocese covers an area of 5,442 km². The current bishop is Wilhelm Schraml.-History:...
  
   (Joseph Franz Anton von Auersperg
  Joseph Franz Auersperg
  Josef Franz Anton Graf von Auersperg was an Austrian bishop, prince bishop of Passau and cardinal....
  
  )
• The Bishop of Trent (Peter Michael Vigilius von Thun-Hohenstein)
• The Bishop of Brixen (Karl Franz von Lodron)
• The Bishop of Basel (Franz Joseph Sigismund von Roggenbach)
• The Bishop of Münster (Maximilian Francis of Austria
  Archduke Maximilian Francis of Austria
  Archduke Maximilian Francis of Austria was an Archbishop-Elector of Cologne, the last child of the Habsburg ruler Maria Theresa and her husband, Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor. His siblings included two Holy Roman Emperors , as well as Queen Marie Antoinette of France and Queen Maria Carolina of...
  
  , the Elector of Cologne)
• The Bishop of Osnabrück
  Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück
  The Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück was a prince-bishopric centred on the Roman Catholic Diocese of Osnabrück. The diocese was erected in 772 and is the oldest see founded by Charlemagne, in order to Christianize the conquered stem-duchy of Saxony....
  
   (notable as, after 1648, it alternated between Protestant and Roman Catholic incumbents) (Friedrich August of Brunswick-Lüneburg
  Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
  The Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany was a member of the Hanoverian and British Royal Family, the second eldest child, and second son, of King George III...
  
  )
• The Bishop of Liège
  Bishopric of Liège
  The Bishopric of Liège or Prince-Bishopric of Liège was a state of the Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries in present Belgium. It acquired its status as a prince-bishopric between 980 and 985 when Bishop Notger, who had been the bishop of Liege since 972, acquired the status of Prince-Bishop...
  
   (César-Constantin-François de Hoensbroeck
  César-Constantin-François de Hoensbroeck
  César-Constantin-François de Hoensbroeck or Hoensbroech was a German ecclesiastic of the Van Hoensbroeck family, most notable as prince bishop of Liege from 1784 to 1792, in which post he was nicknamed the "bourreau roux" or "red executioner".-Life:The son of Ulric Antoine de Hoensbroeck...
  
  
• The Bishop of Lübeck (a Protestant bishopric) (Peter Friedrich Ludwig of Holstein-Gottorp)
• The Bishop of Chur
  Bishop of Chur
  The Bishop of Chur is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur, Grisons, Switzerland .-History:...
  
   (Franz Dionysius von Rost)
• The Bishop of Fulda (Adalbert von Harstall)
• The Abbot of Kempten
  Kempten
  Kempten can refer to:* Kempten im Allgäu, a town in Bavaria, Germany* Kempten ZH, a district of the town of Wetzikon in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland* Kempton Park, Gauteng, a city in South Africa which was named after Kempten in Bavaria...
  
   (Ruprecht von Neuenstein)
• The Provost of Ellwangen
  Ellwangen Abbey
  Ellwangen Abbey was the earliest Benedictine monastery established in the Duchy of Swabia, at the present-day town of Ellwangen an der Jagst, Baden-Württemberg about 100 km north-east of Stuttgart.-Imperial abbey:...
  
   (Clemens Wenzeslaus of Saxony, the Elector of Trier)
• The Grand Master of the Order of St. John
  Knights Hospitaller
  The Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta , also known as the Sovereign Military Order of Malta , Order of Malta or Knights of Malta, is a Roman Catholic lay religious order, traditionally of military, chivalrous, noble nature. It is the world's...
  
    (Emmanuel de Rohan-Polduc
  Emmanuel de Rohan-Polduc
  Fra' Sir Emmanuel de Rohan-Polduc was a member of the wealthy and influential Rohan family of France, and 70th Prince and Grand Master of the Order of Malta from 1775 to 1797....
  
  )
• The Prior of Berchtesgaden
  Berchtesgaden Provostry
  Berchtesgaden Provostry or the Prince-Provostry of Berchtesgaden was an immediate principality of the Holy Roman Empire, held by a canonry, i.e...
  
   (Joseph Konrad von Schroffenberg-Mös, the Prince-Bishop of Freising and Regensburg)
• The Provost of Weissenburg
  Wissembourg
  Wissembourg is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in northeastern France.It is situated on the little River Lauter close to the border between France and Germany approximately north of Strasbourg and west of Karlsruhe. Wissembourg is a sub-prefecture of the department...
  
   (August Philipp of Limburg Stirum, the Prince-Bishop of Speyer)
• The Abbot of Prüm
  Prüm Abbey
  Prüm Abbey is a former Benedictine abbey in Prüm/Lorraine, now in the diocese of Trier , founded by a Frankish widow Bertrada, and her son Charibert, count of Laon, on 23 June 720. The first abbot was Angloardus....
  
   (Clemens Wenzeslaus of Saxony, the Elector of Trier)
• The Abbot of Stablo
  Stavelot
  Stavelot is a Walloon municipality located in the Belgian province of Liège. On January 1, 2006, Stavelot had a total population of 6,671. The total area is 85.07 km² which gives a population density of 78 inhabitants per km².-History:...
  
   (Célestin Thys)
• The Abbot of Corvey
  Corvey Abbey
  The Imperial Abbey of Corvey was a Benedictine monastery on the River Weser, 2 km northeast of Höxter, now in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany....
  
   (Theodor von Brabeck)
• A single vote for the College of the Prelates of Swabia
  Swabia
  Swabia is a cultural, historic and linguistic region in southwestern Germany.-Geography:Like many cultural regions of Europe, Swabia's borders are not clearly defined...
  
  ; see below
• A single vote for the College of the Prelates of the Rhine; see below

These last two were groups of lesser abbots, who together had a joint vote. Unlike those who had a full vote, they were not considered fully sovereign.

The Secular Bench

• The Duke of Bavaria (Charles Theodore
  Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria
  Charles Theodore, Prince-Elector, Count Palatine and Duke of Bavaria reigned as Prince-Elector and Count palatine from 1742, as Duke of Jülich and Berg from 1742 and also as Prince-Elector and Duke of Bavaria from 1777, until his death...
  
  , also Elector Palatine)
• The Duke of Magdeburg
  Duchy of Magdeburg
  The Duchy of Magdeburg was a province of Brandenburg-Prussia from 1680 to 1701 and a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1701 to 1807. It replaced the Archbishopric of Magdeburg after its secularization by Brandenburg. The duchy's capitals were Magdeburg and Halle, while Burg was another...
  
   (Frederick William II
  Frederick William II of Prussia
  Frederick William II was the King of Prussia, reigning from 1786 until his death. He was in personal union the Prince-Elector of Brandenburg and the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuchâtel.-Early life:...
  
  , also King of Prussia)
• The Count Palatine of Kaiserslautern
  Kaiserslautern
  Kaiserslautern is a city in southwest Germany, located in the Bundesland of Rhineland-Palatinate at the edge of the Palatinate forest . The historic centre dates to the 9th century. It is from Paris, from Frankfurt am Main, and from Luxembourg.Kaiserslautern is home to 99,469 people...
  
   (Charles Theodore
  Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria
  Charles Theodore, Prince-Elector, Count Palatine and Duke of Bavaria reigned as Prince-Elector and Count palatine from 1742, as Duke of Jülich and Berg from 1742 and also as Prince-Elector and Duke of Bavaria from 1777, until his death...
  
  , also Elector Palatine)
• The Count Palatine of Simmern
  Simmern
  Simmern is a town of 8,000 inhabitants in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, the district seat of the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis, and the seat of the like-named Verbandsgemeinde...
  
   (Charles Theodore
  Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria
  Charles Theodore, Prince-Elector, Count Palatine and Duke of Bavaria reigned as Prince-Elector and Count palatine from 1742, as Duke of Jülich and Berg from 1742 and also as Prince-Elector and Duke of Bavaria from 1777, until his death...
  
  , also Elector Palatine)
• The Count Palatine of Neuburg
  Neuburg
  Neuburg can refer to:* Neuburg an der Donau, a town in the state of Bavaria, Germany* Neuburg an der Kammel, a town in the district of Günzburg, Bavaria, Germany* Neuburg am Inn, a town in the district of Passau, Bavaria, Germany...
  
   (Charles Theodore
  Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria
  Charles Theodore, Prince-Elector, Count Palatine and Duke of Bavaria reigned as Prince-Elector and Count palatine from 1742, as Duke of Jülich and Berg from 1742 and also as Prince-Elector and Duke of Bavaria from 1777, until his death...
  
  , also Elector Palatine)
• The Duke of Bremen (George III
  George III of the United Kingdom
  George III was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of these two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death...
  
  , also King of Great Britain and Ireland and Elector of Hanover)
• The Duke of Zweibrücken
  Zweibrücken
  Zweibrücken is a city in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, on the Schwarzbach river.- Name :Zweibrücken appears in Latin texts as Geminus Pons and Bipontum, in French texts as Deux-Ponts. The name derives from Middle High German Zweinbrücken...
  
   (Carl II August
  Charles II August, Duke of Zweibrücken
  Charles II/III August Christian was Duke of Zweibrücken from 1775 to 1795. He was the son of Frederick Michael of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld and Maria Franziska of Sulzbach...
  
  )
• The Count Palatine of Veldenz
  Veldenz
  Veldenz is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bernkastel-Wittlich district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany...
  
   (Charles Theodore
  Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria
  Charles Theodore, Prince-Elector, Count Palatine and Duke of Bavaria reigned as Prince-Elector and Count palatine from 1742, as Duke of Jülich and Berg from 1742 and also as Prince-Elector and Duke of Bavaria from 1777, until his death...
  
  , also Elector Palatine)
• The Duke of Saxe-Weimar
  Saxe-Weimar
  Saxe-Weimar was one of the Saxon duchies held by the Ernestine branch of the Wettin dynasty in present-day Thuringia. The chief town and capital was Weimar.-Division of Leipzig:...
  
   (Carl August
  Carl August, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
  Karl August, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach was a duke of Saxe-Weimar and of Saxe-Eisenach from 1758, duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach from its creation in 1809, and grand duke from 1815 until his death...
  
  , also Duke of Saxe-Eisenach)
• The Duke of Saxe-Eisenach
  Saxe-Eisenach
  Saxe-Eisenach was the name of an Ernestine duchy ruled by the Saxon House of Wettin. The State intermittendly existed at three different times in the Thuringian region of the Holy Roman Empire...
  
   (Carl August
  Carl August, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
  Karl August, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach was a duke of Saxe-Weimar and of Saxe-Eisenach from 1758, duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach from its creation in 1809, and grand duke from 1815 until his death...
  
  , also Duke of Saxe-Weimar)
• The Duke of Saxe-Coburg
  Saxe-Coburg
  Saxe-Coburg was a duchy held by the Ernestine branch of the Wettin dynasty in today's Bavaria, Germany.After the Division of Erfurt in 1572, Coburg was part of the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach, ruled by the Ernestine duke John Casimir jointly with his brother John Ernest. In 1596...
  
   (two branches of the Wettin family split this vote:
  • Ernest Frederick of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
    Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
    The Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld was one of the Saxon Duchies held by the Ernestine line of the Wettin Dynasty. Established in the 17th century, the Saxe-Coburg-Saalfield line lasted until the reshuffle of Ernestine territories that occurred following the extinction of the Saxe-Gotha line in...
    
    
  • George I of Saxe-Meiningen
    Saxe-Meiningen
    The Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen was one of the Saxon duchies held by the Ernestine line of the Wettin dynasty, located in the southwest of the present-day German state of Thuringia....
    
    )
• The Duke of Saxe-Gotha
  Saxe-Gotha
  Saxe-Gotha was one of the Saxon duchies held by the Ernestine of the Wettin dynasty in the former Landgraviate of Thuringia. The ducal residence was erected at Gotha....
  
   (Ernest II, also Duke of Saxe-Altenburg)
• The Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
  Saxe-Altenburg
  Saxe-Altenburg was one of the Saxon duchies held by the Ernestine branch of the Wettin dynasty in present-day Thuringia.-History:The duchy originated from the medieval Burgraviate of Altenburg in the Imperial Pleissnerland , a possession of the Wettin Margraves of Meissen since 1243...
  
   (Ernest II, also Duke of Saxe-Gotha)
• The Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
  Ansbach
  Ansbach, originally Onolzbach, is a town in Bavaria, Germany. It is the capital of the administrative region of Middle Franconia. Ansbach is situated southwest of Nuremberg and north of Munich, on the Fränkische Rezat, a tributary of the Main river. As of 2004, its population was 40,723.Ansbach...
  
   (Frederick William II
  Frederick William II of Prussia
  Frederick William II was the King of Prussia, reigning from 1786 until his death. He was in personal union the Prince-Elector of Brandenburg and the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuchâtel.-Early life:...
  
  , also King of Prussia)
• The Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (Frederick William II
  Frederick William II of Prussia
  Frederick William II was the King of Prussia, reigning from 1786 until his death. He was in personal union the Prince-Elector of Brandenburg and the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuchâtel.-Early life:...
  
  , also King of Prussia)
• The Duke of Brunswick-Celle (George III
  George III of the United Kingdom
  George III was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of these two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death...
  
  , also King of Great Britain and Ireland and Elector of Hanover)
• The Duke of Brunswick-Kalenberg (George III
  George III of the United Kingdom
  George III was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of these two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death...
  
  , also King of Great Britain and Ireland and Elector of Hanover)
• The Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (George III
  George III of the United Kingdom
  George III was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of these two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death...
  
  , also King of Great Britain and Ireland and Elector of Hanover)
• The Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (Charles William Ferdinand)
• The Prince of Halberstadt
  Principality of Halberstadt
  The Principality of Halberstadt was a state of the Holy Roman Empire ruled by Brandenburg-Prussia. It replaced the Bishopric of Halberstadt after its secularization in 1648. Its capital was Halberstadt. In 1807, the principality was made a state or regional capital of the Kingdom of Westphalia...
  
   (Frederick William II
  Frederick William II of Prussia
  Frederick William II was the King of Prussia, reigning from 1786 until his death. He was in personal union the Prince-Elector of Brandenburg and the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuchâtel.-Early life:...
  
  , also King of Prussia)
• The Duke of Lower Pomerania (Frederick William II
  Frederick William II of Prussia
  Frederick William II was the King of Prussia, reigning from 1786 until his death. He was in personal union the Prince-Elector of Brandenburg and the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuchâtel.-Early life:...
  
  , also King of Prussia)
• The Duke of Upper Pomerania
  Swedish Pomerania
  Swedish Pomerania was a Dominion under the Swedish Crown from 1630 to 1815, situated on what is now the Baltic coast of Germany and Poland. Following the Polish War and the Thirty Years' War, Sweden held extensive control over the lands on the southern Baltic coast, including Pomerania and parts...
  
   (Gustav III
  Gustav III of Sweden
  Gustav III was King of Sweden from 1771 until his death. He was the eldest son of King Adolph Frederick and Queen Louise Ulrica of Sweden, she a sister of Frederick the Great of Prussia....
  
  , also King of Sweden
  Sweden
  Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
  
  )
• The Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
  Mecklenburg-Schwerin
  Mecklenburg-Schwerin was a duchy in northern Germany created in 1348, when Albert II of Mecklenburg and his younger brother John were raised to Dukes of Mecklenburg by King Charles IV...
  
   (Frederick Francis I)
• The Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow
  Mecklenburg-Güstrow
  Mecklenburg-Güstrow was a state of the Holy Roman Empire in Northern Germany, that existed on three separate occasions ruled by the House of Mecklenburg at Güstrow.-History:...
  
   (Frederick Francis I, also Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin)
• The Duke of Württemberg
  Württemberg
  Württemberg , formerly known as Wirtemberg or Wurtemberg, is an area and a former state in southwestern Germany, including parts of the regions Swabia and Franconia....
  
   (Karl Eugen)
• The Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel
  Hesse-Kassel
  The Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel or Hesse-Cassel was a state in the Holy Roman Empire under Imperial immediacy that came into existence when the Landgraviate of Hesse was divided in 1567 upon the death of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse. His eldest son William IV inherited the northern half and the...
  
   (or Hesse-Cassel) (William IX
  William I, Elector of Hesse
  William I, Elector of Hesse was the eldest surviving son of Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel and Princess Mary of Great Britain, the daughter of George II.-Early life:...
  
  )
• The Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
  Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt
  The Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt was a member state of the Holy Roman Empire. It was formed in 1567 following the division of the Landgraviate of Hesse between the four sons of Philip I, the last Landgrave of Hesse....
  
   (Louis X
  Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse
  Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse was Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt and later the first Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine....
  
  )
• The Margrave of Baden-Baden
  Baden-Baden
  Baden-Baden is a spa town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located on the western foothills of the Black Forest, on the banks of the Oos River, in the region of Karlsruhe...
  
   (Charles Frederick, Margrave of Baden
  Baden
  Baden is a historical state on the east bank of the Rhine in the southwest of Germany, now the western part of the Baden-Württemberg of Germany....
  
  )
• The Margrave of Baden-Durlach (Charles Frederick, Margrave of Baden
  Baden
  Baden is a historical state on the east bank of the Rhine in the southwest of Germany, now the western part of the Baden-Württemberg of Germany....
  
  )
• The Prince of Verden
  Verden, Germany
  Verden an der Aller, also called Verden or simply Verden , is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany, on the river Aller. It is the administrative centre of the district of Verden...
  
   (George III
  George III of the United Kingdom
  George III was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of these two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death...
  
  , also King of Great Britain and Ireland and Elector of Hanover)
• The Margrave of Baden-Hochberg (Charles Frederick, Margrave of Baden
  Baden
  Baden is a historical state on the east bank of the Rhine in the southwest of Germany, now the western part of the Baden-Württemberg of Germany....
  
  )
• The Duke of Holstein
  Holstein
  Holstein is the region between the rivers Elbe and Eider. It is part of Schleswig-Holstein, the northernmost state of Germany....
  
   (Christian VII
  Christian VII of Denmark
  Christian VII was King of Denmark and Norway and Duke of Schleswig and Holstein from 1766 until his death. He was the son of Danish King Frederick V and his first consort Louisa, daughter of King George II of Great Britain....
  
  , also King of Denmark
  Denmark
  Denmark is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. The countries of Denmark and Greenland, as well as the Faroe Islands, constitute the Kingdom of Denmark . It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark...
  
  )
• The Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg (George III
  George III of the United Kingdom
  George III was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of these two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death...
  
  , also King of Great Britain and Ireland and Elector of Hanover)
• The Prince of Minden (Frederick William II
  Frederick William II of Prussia
  Frederick William II was the King of Prussia, reigning from 1786 until his death. He was in personal union the Prince-Elector of Brandenburg and the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuchâtel.-Early life:...
  
  , also King of Prussia)
• The Duke of Holstein-Gottorp
  Holstein-Gottorp
  Holstein-Gottorp or Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp is the historiographical name, as well as contemporary shorthand name, for the parts of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein that were ruled by the dukes of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp. Other parts of the duchies were ruled by the kings of Denmark. The...
  
  -Oldenburg
  Oldenburg (state)
  Oldenburg — named after its capital, the town of Oldenburg — was a state in the north of present-day Germany. Oldenburg survived from 1180 until 1918 as a county, duchy and grand duchy, and from 1918 until 1946 as a free state. It was located near the mouth of the River Weser...
  
   (Peter Frederick William)
• The Duke of Savoy
  Savoy
  Savoy is a region of France. It comprises roughly the territory of the Western Alps situated between Lake Geneva in the north and Monaco and the Mediterranean coast in the south....
  
   (Victor Amadeus III
  Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia
  Victor Amadeus III was King of Sardinia from 1773 until his death. Although he was politically conservative, he carried out numerous administrative reforms until declaring war on revolutionary France in 1792...
  
  , also King of Sardinia
  Sardinia
  Sardinia is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea . It is an autonomous region of Italy, and the nearest land masses are the French island of Corsica, the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Tunisia and the Spanish Balearic Islands.The name Sardinia is from the pre-Roman noun *sard[],...
  
  )
• The Landgrave of Leuchtenberg
  Leuchtenberg
  Leuchtenberg is a municipality in the district of Neustadt in Bavaria in Germany, essentially a suburb of nearby Weiden in der Oberpfalz, and a historical region in Old Germany governed by the Landgrave of Leuchtenberg....
  
   (Charles Theodore
  Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria
  Charles Theodore, Prince-Elector, Count Palatine and Duke of Bavaria reigned as Prince-Elector and Count palatine from 1742, as Duke of Jülich and Berg from 1742 and also as Prince-Elector and Duke of Bavaria from 1777, until his death...
  
  , also Elector Palatine)
• The Prince of Anhalt
  Anhalt
  Anhalt was a sovereign county in Germany, located between the Harz Mountains and the river Elbe in Middle Germany. It now forms part of the state of Saxony-Anhalt.- Dukes of Anhalt :...
  
   (4 branches split the vote -
  • Frederick Augustus
    Frederick Augustus, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst
    Frederick Augustus, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst , was a German prince of the House of Ascania and the last ruler of the Principality of Anhalt-Zerbst....
    
     of Anhalt-Zerbst
    Principality of Anhalt-Zerbst
    Anhalt-Zerbst was a principality located in Germany. It was established for the first time in 1252 following the partition of the principality of Anhalt. The capital of the state was located at Zerbst. Anhalt-Zerbst ceased to exist in 1396 when it was partitioned between Anhalt-Dessau and...
    
    
  • Leopold III
    Leopold III, Duke of Anhalt-Dessau
    Leopold III Frederick Franz, Duke of Anhalt-Dessau , known as "Prince Franz" or "Father Franz", was a German prince of the House of Ascania...
    
     of Anhalt-Dessau
    Anhalt-Dessau
    Anhalt-Dessau was a principality and later a duchy located in Germany. It was created in 1396 following the partition of the Principality of Anhalt-Zerbst. The capital of the state was Dessau. Anhalt-Dessau experienced a number of partitions throughout its existence with Anhalt-Köthen being...
    
    
  • Fredrick Albert
    Frederick Albert, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg
    Frederick Albert of Anhalt-Bernburg , was a German prince of the House of Ascania and ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Bernburg....
    
     of Anhalt-Bernburg
    Anhalt-Bernburg
    Anhalt-Bernburg was a principality of the Holy Roman Empire and a duchy of the German Confederation ruled by the House of Ascania with its residence at Bernburg in present-day Saxony-Anhalt...
    
    
  • August Christian
    Augustus Christian Frederick, Duke of Anhalt-Köthen
    Augustus Christian Frederick of Anhalt-Köthen , was a German prince of the House of Ascania, ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Köthen, and from 1806 the first "Duke of Anhalt-Köthen."...
    
     of Anhalt-Köthen
    Anhalt-Köthen
    Anhalt-Köthen has existed on two separate occasions. The first state was created in 1396 when the Anhalt-Zerbst was partitioned between Anhalt-Dessau and Anhalt-Köthen. The first creation lasted until 1552 when it was inherited by Anhalt-Dessau....
    
    )
• The Princely Count of Henneberg
  Henneberg
  Henneberg may refer to:*the House of Henneberg, German nobility*County of Henneberg, a mediæval state in the Holy Roman Empire*Henneberg, Thuringia, a municipality in Thuringia, Germany*Mary Jane Henneberg, b. 1973, TV reporter...
  
   (this vote was divided among the various branches of the House of Wettin
  Wettin (dynasty)
  The House of Wettin is a dynasty of German counts, dukes, prince-electors and kings that once ruled the area of today's German states of Saxony, the Saxon part of Saxony-Anhalt, and Thuringia for more than 800 years...
  
  —
  • Frederick Augustus III
    Frederick Augustus I of Saxony
    Frederick Augustus I was King of Saxony from the House of Wettin. He was also Elector Frederick Augustus III of Saxony and Duke Frederick Augustus I of Warsaw...
    
     of Saxony
  • Carl August
    Carl August, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
    Karl August, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach was a duke of Saxe-Weimar and of Saxe-Eisenach from 1758, duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach from its creation in 1809, and grand duke from 1815 until his death...
    
     of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
    Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
    The Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach was created in 1809 by the merger of the Ernestine duchies of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach. It was raised to a Grand duchy in 1815 by resolution of the Vienna Congress. In 1877, it officially changed its name to the Grand Duchy of Saxony , but this name was...
    
    
  • Ernest II of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
    Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
    Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg was a duchy ruled by the Ernestine branch of the House of Wettin in today's Thuringia, Germany.It was nominally created in 1672 when Frederick William III, the last duke of Saxe-Altenburg, died and Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha , inherited the major part of his possessions...
    
    
  • George I of Saxe-Meiningen
    Saxe-Meiningen
    The Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen was one of the Saxon duchies held by the Ernestine line of the Wettin dynasty, located in the southwest of the present-day German state of Thuringia....
    
    
  • Frederick of Saxe-Hildburghausen
    Saxe-Hildburghausen
    Saxe-Hildburghausen was an Ernestine duchy in what is now southern Thuringia, Germany. Its territory was similar to that of the modern Hildburghausen district.-History:...
    
    
  • Ernst Friedrich of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
    Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
    The Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld was one of the Saxon Duchies held by the Ernestine line of the Wettin Dynasty. Established in the 17th century, the Saxe-Coburg-Saalfield line lasted until the reshuffle of Ernestine territories that occurred following the extinction of the Saxe-Gotha line in...
    
    )
• The Prince of Schwerin
  Schwerin
  Schwerin is the capital and second-largest city of the northern German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. The population, as of end of 2009, was 95,041.-History:...
  
   (Frederick Francis I, also Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin)
• The Prince of Kammin (Frederick William II
  Frederick William II of Prussia
  Frederick William II was the King of Prussia, reigning from 1786 until his death. He was in personal union the Prince-Elector of Brandenburg and the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuchâtel.-Early life:...
  
  , also King of Prussia)
• The Prince of Ratzeburg
  Ratzeburg
  Ratzeburg is a town in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is surrounded by four lakes—the resulting isthmuses between the lakes form the access lanes to the town. Ratzeburg is the capital of the Kreis of Lauenburg.-History:...
  
   (Adolphus Frederick IV, also Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
  Mecklenburg-Strelitz
  Mecklenburg-Strelitz was a duchy and later grand duchy in northern Germany, consisting of the eastern fifth of the historic Mecklenburg region, roughly corresponding with the present-day Mecklenburg-Strelitz district , and the western exclave of the former Bishopric of Ratzeburg in modern...
  
  )
• The Prince of Hersfeld
  Bad Hersfeld
  The festival and spa town of Bad Hersfeld is the district seat of Hersfeld-Rotenburg district in northeastern Hesse, Germany, roughly 50 km southeast of Kassel....
  
   (William IX
  William I, Elector of Hesse
  William I, Elector of Hesse was the eldest surviving son of Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel and Princess Mary of Great Britain, the daughter of George II.-Early life:...
  
  , also Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel)
• The Prince of Nomény
  Nomeny
  Nomeny is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in north-eastern France.South of Nomeny, there is a mediumwave broadcasting station, which works on 837 kHz with 300 kW. It uses two guyed masts with different height, which are both insulated against ground, as antenna. The tallest of them...
  
   (to the House of Lorraine
  Lorraine (province)
  The Duchy of Upper Lorraine was an historical duchy roughly corresponding with the present-day northeastern Lorraine region of France, including parts of modern Luxembourg and Germany. The main cities were Metz, Verdun, and the historic capital Nancy....
  
  ; Emperor Leopold II
  Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor
  Leopold II , born Peter Leopold Joseph Anton Joachim Pius Gotthard, was Holy Roman Emperor and King of Hungary and Bohemia from 1790 to 1792, Archduke of Austria and Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1765 to 1790. He was a son of Emperor Francis I and his wife, Empress Maria Theresa...
  
  , also King of Bohemia, etc.)
• The Prince of Mömpelgard (Montbéliard)
  Montbéliard
  Montbéliard is a city in the Doubs department in the Franche-Comté region in eastern France. It is one of the two subprefectures of the department.-History:...
  
   (Charles Eugene, also Duke of Württemberg)
• The Duke of Arenberg
  Arenberg
  Arenberg, also spelled as Aremberg or Ahremberg, is a historic county, principality and finally duchy located in modern Germany. The Dukes of Arenberg remain a prominent Belgian aristocratic family.- History :...
  
   (Louis Engelbert
  Louis Engelbert, 6th Duke of Arenberg
  Louis Engelbert, 6th Duke of Arenberg , nicknamed the blind duke, was between 1778 and 1801 the sixth Duke of Arenberg and 12th Duke of Aarschot...
  
  )
• The Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen
  Hohenzollern-Hechingen
  Hohenzollern-Hechingen was a county and principality in southwestern Germany. Its rulers belonged to a branch of the senior Swabian branch of the Hohenzollern dynasty.-History:...
  
   (Josef Friedrich Wilhelm
  Josef Friedrich Wilhelm, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen
  Josef Friedrich Wilhelm , was prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen from 1750 until his death.-Life:...
  
  )
• The Prince of Lobkowitz (Joseph Franz Maximilian)
• The Prince of Salm
  Salm (state)
  Salm is the name of several historic countships and principalities in present Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg and France.-Origins:The County of Salm arose in the 10th century in Vielsalm, in the Ardennes region of present Belgium...
  
   (there were two branches of this family, who split the vote —
  • Constantin Alexander of Salm-Salm
    Salm-Salm
    The Principality of Salm-Salm was a state of the Holy Roman Empire. It was located in the present-day French départements of the Bas-Rhin and the Vosges and was one of a number of partitions of Salm.-History:...
    
    
  • Frederick III
    Frederick III, Prince of Salm-Kyrburg
    Frederick III John Otto Francis Christian Philip, prince of Salm-Kyrburg, Hornes and Overijse, Gemen and Count of Solre-le-Château. Frederick was the eldest son of Philip Joseph, Prince of Salm-Kyrburg and Princess Maria Theresa of Hornes. He grew up at the French court...
    
     of Salm-Kyrburg
    Salm-Kyrburg
    Salm-Kyrburg was a state of the Holy Roman Empire located in present-day Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, one of the various partitions of Salm. It was twice created: the first time as a Wild- and Rhinegraviate , and secondly as a Principality...
    
    )
• The Prince of Dietrichstein
  Dietrichstein
  Dietrichstein was the name of a German/Austrian noble family.Maximilian von Dietrichstein was created Graf von Dietrichstein on 18 September 1612 and Fürst von Dietrichstein zu Nikolsburg on 24 March 1639...
  
   (Karl Johann)
• The Prince of Nassau-Hadamar (William V
  William V, Prince of Orange
  William V , Prince of Orange-Nassau was the last Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic, and between 1795 and 1806 he led the Government of the Dutch Republic in Exile in London. He was succeeded by his son William I...
  
  , also Prince of Orange
  Prince of Orange
  Prince of Orange is a title of nobility, originally associated with the Principality of Orange, in what is now southern France. In French it is la Principauté d'Orange....
  
   and Stadtholder
  Stadtholder
  A Stadtholder A Stadtholder A Stadtholder (Dutch: stadhouder [], "steward" or "lieutenant", literally place holder, holding someones place, possibly a calque of German Statthalter, French lieutenant, or Middle Latin locum tenens...
  
   of the United Provinces
  Dutch Republic
  The Dutch Republic — officially known as the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands , the Republic of the United Netherlands, or the Republic of the Seven United Provinces — was a republic in Europe existing from 1581 to 1795, preceding the Batavian Republic and ultimately...
  
  )
• The Prince of Nassau-Dillenburg (William V
  William V, Prince of Orange
  William V , Prince of Orange-Nassau was the last Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic, and between 1795 and 1806 he led the Government of the Dutch Republic in Exile in London. He was succeeded by his son William I...
  
  , also Prince of Orange
  Prince of Orange
  Prince of Orange is a title of nobility, originally associated with the Principality of Orange, in what is now southern France. In French it is la Principauté d'Orange....
  
   and Stadtholder
  Stadtholder
  A Stadtholder A Stadtholder A Stadtholder (Dutch: stadhouder [], "steward" or "lieutenant", literally place holder, holding someones place, possibly a calque of German Statthalter, French lieutenant, or Middle Latin locum tenens...
  
   of the United Provinces
  Dutch Republic
  The Dutch Republic — officially known as the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands , the Republic of the United Netherlands, or the Republic of the Seven United Provinces — was a republic in Europe existing from 1581 to 1795, preceding the Batavian Republic and ultimately...
  
  )
• The Prince of Auersperg
  Principality of Auersperg
  Auersperg was an Austrian princely family, which held estates in Austria and Thengen...
  
   (Karl Josef Anton)
• The Prince of East Frisia
  East Frisia
  East Frisia or Eastern Friesland is a coastal region in the northwest of the German federal state of Lower Saxony....
  
   (Ferderick William II
  Frederick William II of Prussia
  Frederick William II was the King of Prussia, reigning from 1786 until his death. He was in personal union the Prince-Elector of Brandenburg and the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuchâtel.-Early life:...
  
  , also King of Prussia)
• The Prince of Fürstenberg
  Fürstenberg-Fürstenberg
  Fürstenberg-Fürstenberg was the name applied to two historical states in southern Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Both Counties were named after the state of Fürstenberg and the castle of the same name. The first County was created as a partition of the County of Fürstenberg in 1408...
  
   (Joseph Maria Benedict)
• The Prince of Schwarzenberg
  House of Schwarzenberg
  -History:The family was first mentioned in 1172. A branch of the Seinsheim family was created when Erkinger I of Seinsheim acquired the Franconian barony of Schwarzenberg, the castle Schwarzenberg and the title Baron of Schwarzenberg, in 1405–21. At this time, they also possessed some fiefdoms in...
  
   (Joseph II)
• The Prince of Liechtenstein
  Liechtenstein
  The Principality of Liechtenstein is a doubly landlocked alpine country in Central Europe, bordered by Switzerland to the west and south and by Austria to the east. Its area is just over , and it has an estimated population of 35,000. Its capital is Vaduz. The biggest town is Schaan...
  
   (Aloys I)
• The Prince of Thurn and Taxis (Karl Anselm
  Karl Anselm, 4th Prince of Thurn and Taxis
  -Titles and styles:*2 June 1733 – 8 November 1739: His Serene Highness Prince Karl Anselm of Thurn and Taxis*8 November 1739 – 17 March 1773: His Serene Highness The Hereditary Prince of Thurn and Taxis...
  
  )
• The Prince of Schwarzburg
  County of Schwarzburg
  The County of Schwarzburg was a state of the Holy Roman Empire from 1195 to 1595, when it was partitioned into Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and Schwarzburg-Sondershausen. It was ruled by counts from the House of Schwarzburg....
  
    (there were two branches of this family, who split the vote -
  • Christian Günther III of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
    Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
    Schwarzburg-Sondershausen was a small principality in Germany, in the present day state of Thuringia, with capital at Sondershausen.-History:...
    
    
  • Friedrich Karl of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
    Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
    Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt was a small historic state in present-day Thuringia, Germany with its capital at Rudolstadt.-History:Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt was established in 1599 in the course of a resettlement of Schwarzburg dynasty lands...
    
    )
• A single vote for the College of the Counts of Swabia
  Swabia
  Swabia is a cultural, historic and linguistic region in southwestern Germany.-Geography:Like many cultural regions of Europe, Swabia's borders are not clearly defined...
  
  ; see below
• A single vote for the College of the Counts of the Wetterau
  Wetterau
  The Wetterau is a fertile undulating tract, watered by the Wetter, a tributary of the Nidda River, in the western German state of Hesse, between the hilly province Oberhessen and the north-western Taunus mountains....
  
  ; see below
• A single vote for the College of the Counts of Franconia
  Franconia
  Franconia is a region of Germany comprising the northern parts of the modern state of Bavaria, a small part of southern Thuringia, and a region in northeastern Baden-Württemberg called Tauberfranken...
  
  ; see below
• A single vote for the College of the Counts of Westphalia
  Westphalia
  Westphalia is a region in Germany, centred on the cities of Arnsberg, Bielefeld, Dortmund, Minden and Münster.Westphalia is roughly the region between the rivers Rhine and Weser, located north and south of the Ruhr River. No exact definition of borders can be given, because the name "Westphalia"...
  
  ; see below

The Council of Cities

The Council of Imperial Free Cities was not actually equal to the others — its vote was only advisory. In 1792, there were 51 Free Cities, divided amongst two benches.

Rhenish Bench

• Cologne
  Cologne
  Cologne is Germany's fourth-largest city , and is the largest city both in the Germany Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and within the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Area, one of the major European metropolitan areas with more than ten million inhabitants.Cologne is located on both sides of the...
  
  
• Aachen
  Aachen
  Aachen has historically been a spa town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Aachen was a favoured residence of Charlemagne, and the place of coronation of the Kings of Germany. Geographically, Aachen is the westernmost town of Germany, located along its borders with Belgium and the Netherlands, ...
  
  
• Lübeck
  Lübeck
  The Hanseatic City of Lübeck is the second-largest city in Schleswig-Holstein, in northern Germany, and one of the major ports of Germany. It was for several centuries the "capital" of the Hanseatic League and, because of its Brick Gothic architectural heritage, is listed by UNESCO as a World...
  
  
• Worms
  Worms, Germany
  Worms is a city in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, on the Rhine River. At the end of 2004, it had 85,829 inhabitants.Established by the Celts, who called it Borbetomagus, Worms today remains embattled with the cities Trier and Cologne over the title of "Oldest City in Germany." Worms is the only...
  
  
• Speyer
  Speyer
  Speyer is a city of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany with approximately 50,000 inhabitants. Located beside the river Rhine, Speyer is 25 km south of Ludwigshafen and Mannheim. Founded by the Romans, it is one of Germany's oldest cities...
  
  
• Frankfurt am Main
• Goslar
  Goslar
  Goslar is a historic town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the administrative centre of the district of Goslar and located on the northwestern slopes of the Harz mountain range. The Old Town of Goslar and the Mines of Rammelsberg are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.-Geography:Goslar is situated at the...
  
  
• Bremen
• Hamburg
  Hamburg
  -History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808...
  
  
• Mühlhausen
  Mühlhausen
  Mühlhausen is a city in the federal state of Thuringia, Germany. It is the capital of the Unstrut-Hainich district, and lies along the river Unstrut. Mühlhausen had c. 37,000 inhabitants in 2006.-History:...
  
  
• Nordhausen
  Nordhausen
  Nordhausen is a town at the southern edge of the Harz Mountains, in the state of Thuringia, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Nordhausen...
  
  
• Dortmund
  Dortmund
  Dortmund is a city in Germany. It is located in the Bundesland of North Rhine-Westphalia, in the Ruhr area. Its population of 585,045 makes it the 7th largest city in Germany and the 34th largest in the European Union....
  
  
• Friedberg
  Friedberg, Hesse
  Friedberg is a town and the capital of the Wetteraukreis district, in Hesse, Germany. It is located 26 kilometers north of Frankfurt am Main.-Division of the town:The town consists of 7 districts:* Bruchenbrücken...
  
  
• Wetzlar
  Wetzlar
  Wetzlar is a city in the state of Hesse, Germany. Located at 8° 30′ E, 50° 34′ N, Wetzlar straddles the river Lahn and is on the German Timber-Framework Road which passes mile upon mile of half-timbered houses. Historically, the city has acted as the hub of the Lahn-Dill-Kreis on the north edge of...
  
  

Swabian Bench

• Regensburg
  Regensburg
  Regensburg is a city in Bavaria, Germany, located at the confluence of the Danube and Regen rivers, at the northernmost bend in the Danube. To the east lies the Bavarian Forest. Regensburg is the capital of the Bavarian administrative region Upper Palatinate...
  
  
• Augsburg
  Augsburg
  Augsburg is a city in the south-west of Bavaria, Germany. It is a university town and home of the Regierungsbezirk Schwaben and the Bezirk Schwaben. Augsburg is an urban district and home to the institutions of the Landkreis Augsburg. It is, as of 2008, the third-largest city in Bavaria with a...
  
  
• Nuremberg
  Nuremberg
  Nuremberg[p] is a city in the German state of Bavaria, in the administrative region of Middle Franconia. Situated on the Pegnitz river and the Rhine–Main–Danube Canal, it is located about north of Munich and is Franconia's largest city. The population is 505,664...
  
  
• Ulm
  Ulm
  Ulm is a city in the federal German state of Baden-Württemberg, situated on the River Danube. The city, whose population is estimated at 120,000 , forms an urban district of its own and is the administrative seat of the Alb-Donau district. Ulm, founded around 850, is rich in history and...
  
  
• Esslingen am Neckar
  Esslingen am Neckar
  Esslingen am Neckar is a city in the Stuttgart Region of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany, capital of the District of Esslingen as well as the largest city in the district....
  
  
• Reutlingen
  Reutlingen
  Reutlingen is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is the capital of the eponymous district of Reutlingen. As of April 2008, it has a population of 109,828....
  
  
• Nördlingen
  Nördlingen
  Nördlingen is a town in the Donau-Ries district, in Bavaria, Germany, with a population of 20,000. It is located in the middle of a complex meteorite crater, called the Nördlinger Ries. The town was also the place of two battles during the Thirty Years' War...
  
  
• Rothenburg ob der Tauber
  Rothenburg ob der Tauber
  Rothenburg ob der Tauber is a town in the district of Ansbach of Mittelfranken , the Franconia region of Bavaria, Germany, well known for its well-preserved medieval old town, a destination for tourists from around the world. In the Middle Ages, it was an Imperial Free City...
  
  
• Schwäbisch Hall
  Schwäbisch Hall
  Schwäbisch Hall is a town in the German state of Baden-Württemberg and capital of the district of Schwäbisch Hall. The town is located in the valley of the river Kocher in the north-eastern part of Baden-Württemberg....
  
  
• Rottweil
  Rottweil
  Rottweil is a town in the south west of Germany and is the oldest town in the federal state of Baden-Württemberg.Located between the Black Forest and the Swabian Alb hills, Rottweil has about 25,000 inhabitants...
  
  
• Überlingen
  Überlingen
  Überlingen is a city on the northern shore of Lake Constance . After the city of Friedrichshafen, it is the second largest city in the Bodenseekreis , and a central point for the outlying communities...
  
  
• Heilbronn
  Heilbronn
  Heilbronn is a city in northern Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is completely surrounded by Heilbronn County and with approximately 123.000 residents, it is the sixth-largest city in the state....
  
  
• Schwäbisch Gmünd
  Schwäbisch Gmünd
  Schwäbisch Gmünd is a town in the eastern part of the German state of Baden-Württemberg. With a population of around 62,000, the town is the second largest in the Ostalbkreis and the whole region of East Württemberg after Aalen...
  
  
• Memmingen
  Memmingen
  Memmingen is a town in the Bavarian administrative region of Swabia in Germany. It is the central economic, educational and administrative centre in the Danube-Iller region. To the west the town is flanked by the Iller, the river that marks the Baden-Württemberg border...
  
  
• Lindau
  Lindau
  Lindau is a Bavarian town and an island on the eastern side of Lake Constance, the Bodensee. It is the capital of the Landkreis or rural district of Lindau. The historic city of Lindau is located on an island which is connected with the mainland by bridge and railway.- History :The name Lindau was...
  
  
• Dinkelsbühl
  Dinkelsbühl
  Dinkelsbühl is a historic city in Bavaria, Germany and a former Free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire. Now it belongs to the district of Ansbach, north of Aalen.-History:...
  
  
• Biberach
  Biberach an der Riß
  Biberach is a town in the south of Germany. It is the capital of Biberach district, in the Upper Swabia region of the German state of Baden-Württemberg...
  
  
• Ravensburg
  Ravensburg
  Ravensburg is a town in Upper Swabia in Southern Germany, capital of the district of Ravensburg, Baden-Württemberg.Ravensburg was first mentioned in 1088. In the Middle Ages, it was an Imperial Free City and an important trading centre...
  
  
• Schweinfurt
  Schweinfurt
  Schweinfurt is a city in the Lower Franconia region of Bavaria in Germany on the right bank of the canalized Main, which is here spanned by several bridges, 27 km northeast of Würzburg.- History :...
  
  
• Kempten
  Kempten im Allgäu
  Kempten is the largest town in Allgäu, a region in the south-west of Bavaria, Germany. The population was ca 61,000 in 2006. The area was possibly settled originally by Celts, but was later overtaken by the Romans, who called the town Cambodunum...
  
  
• Windsheim
  Bad Windsheim
  Bad Windsheim is a small historic city in Bavaria, Germany. It lies in the district Neustadt an der Aisch - Bad Windsheim, west of Nuremberg....
  
  
• Kaufbeuren
  Kaufbeuren
  Kaufbeuren is an independent city in the Regierungsbezirk of Schwaben, southern Bavaria. The city is completely enclaved within the district of Ostallgäu.- Culture and Objects of Interest :* Townhall * Crescentiakloster...
  
  
• Weil
  Weil der Stadt
  Weil der Stadt is a small town of about 19,000 inhabitants, located in the Stuttgart Region of the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It is about west of Stuttgart city center, and is often called "Gate to the Black Forest"...
  
  
• Wangen
  Wangen im Allgäu
  Wangen im Allgäu is a historic city in southeast Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It lies north-east of Lake Constance in the Westallgäu. It is the second-largest city in the Ravensburg district and is a nexus for the surrounding communities...
  
  
• Isny
  Isny im Allgäu
  Isny im Allgäu is a town in south-eastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is part of the district of Ravensburg, in the western, Württembergish part of the Allgäu region. For nearly 1000 years, Isny was an important town within the Holy Roman Empire...
  
  
• Pfullendorf
  Pfullendorf
  Pfullendorf is a small historic city in the district of Sigmaringen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.-Geography:Its location is in the district of Sigmaringen, 25 km north of Lake Constance and south of the Danube valley and therefore on the continental divide between the watersheds of the...
  
  
• Offenburg
  Offenburg
  Offenburg is a city located in the state of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. With about 60,000 inhabitants, it is the largest city and the capital of the Ortenaukreis.Offenburg also houses University of Applied Sciences Offenburg...
  
  
• Leutkirch
  Leutkirch im Allgäu
  Leutkirch im Allgäu is a city in south-eastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is part of the district of Ravensburg, in the western, Württembergish part of the Allgäu region. It belongs to the administrative region of Tübingen....
  
  
• Wimpfen
• Weißenburg im Nordgau
• Giengen
  Giengen
  Giengen is a historic city in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. It is situated in the district of Heidenheim, north-east of Ulm, at the southern foot of the Swabian Alb....
  
  
• Gengenbach
  Gengenbach
  Gengenbach is a town in the district of Ortenau, Baden-Württemberg, Germany and a popular tourist destination on the western edge of the Black Forest with about 11,000 inhabitants....
  
  
• Zell am Harmersbach
  Zell am Harmersbach
  Zell am Harmersbach is a small historic city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It lies in the Ortenaukreis, between the Black Forest and the Rhine.-History:...
  
  
• Buchhorn
  Friedrichshafen
  This article is about a German town. For the Danish town, see Frederikshavn, and for the Finnish town, see Fredrikshamn .Friedrichshafen is a university city on the northern side of Lake Constance in Southern Germany, near the borders with Switzerland and Austria.It is the district capital of the...
  
  
• Aalen
  Aalen
  Aalen is a city in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, about east of Stuttgart and north of Ulm. It is the seat of the Ostalbkreis district, and its largest city, as well as the largest city within the Ostwürttemberg region. In spatial planning, Aalen is designated a Mittelzentrum...
  
  
• Buchau
  Bad Buchau
  Bad Buchau is a small town in the district of Biberach, Baden-Württemberg, Germany with about 4,000 inhabitants. It is situated near the Federsee, which is separated from the town by a wide reed belt....
  
  
• Bopfingen
  Bopfingen
  Bopfingen is a small city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated in the Ostalbkreis, between Aalen and Nördlingen. It consists of the city Bopfingen itself and its suburbs Aufhausen, Baldern, Flochberg, Kerkingen, Oberdorf, Schloßberg, Trochtelfingen, and Unterriffingen.Bopfingen is famous...
  
  

Membership of single-vote colleges

The two benches of the Council of Princes each contained single-vote colleges. The membership of each of these was as follows:

The Prelates of Swabia

• The Abbess of Baindt
  Baindt Abbey
  Baindt Abbey was a Cistercian nunnery in Baindt in the district of Ravensburg in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.-Cistercians:The abbey was founded in 1240 by Konrad of Winterstetten. It was granted imperial immediacy in 1376, although it was subordinate to Salem Abbey.The abbey was destroyed in 1525...
  
  
• The Abbot of Elchingen
  Elchingen Abbey
  Elchingen Abbey was a Benedictine monastery in Oberelchingen in Bavaria, Germany, in the diocese of Augsburg.- History :Dedicated to the Virgin Mary and Saints Peter and Paul, the monastery was founded by the Counts of Dillingen...
  
  
• The Abbot of Gengenbach
  Gengenbach Abbey
  Gengenbach Abbey was a Benedictine monastery in Gengenbach in the district of Ortenau, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.-History:It was founded by Saint Pirmin sometime after his expulsion from Reichenau in 727 and settled by monks from Gorze Abbey. It enjoyed good relations with the Carolingian...
  
  
• The Abbess of Gutenzell
  Gutenzell Abbey
  Gutenzell Abbey was a Cistercian nunnery in the municipality of Gutenzell-Hürbel in the district of Biberach, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.The origins of the monastery are unknown...
  
  
• The Abbess of Heggbach
  Heggbach Abbey
  Heggbach Abbey was a Cistercian nunnery in Heggbach, now part of the municipality of Maselheim in the district of Biberach, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.- History :...
  
  
• The Abbess of Irsee
  Irsee Abbey
  Irsee Abbey is a former Benedictine abbey located at Irsee near Kaufbeuren in Bavaria. It is now a conference and training centre for Bavarian Swabia.-Abbey:...
  
  
• The Abbot of Kaisheim
  Kaisheim Abbey
  Kaisheim Abbey was a Cistercian monastery in Kaisheim, Bavaria, Germany.- History :It was founded by Henry II, Count of Lechsgemünd and his wife Liutgard, and was a daughter house of Lucelle Abbey in Alsace. Count Henry's initial gift of the land was made in 1133; the foundation charter was dated...
  
  
• The Abbot of Marchtal
  Marchtal Abbey
  Marchtal Abbey is a former Premonstratensian monastery in Obermarchtal in the Alb-Donau-Kreis, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The minster church of Saints Peter and Paul, the former abbey church, located on a prominent elevation, still dominates the landscape for miles around.-First foundation:In 776...
  
  
• The Abbot of Neresheim
  Neresheim Abbey
  Neresheim Abbey or the Abbey of Saints Ulrich and Afra, Neresheim is located above the town of Neresheim in Baden-Württemberg, southern Germany...
  
  
• The Abbot of Ochsenhausen
  Ochsenhausen Abbey
  Ochsenhausen Abbey was a Benedictine monastery in Ochsenhausen in the district of Biberach in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.- History :...
  
  
• The Abbot of Petershausen
  Petershausen Abbey
  Petershausen Abbey was a Benedictine monastery at Petershausen, now a district of Konstanz in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.-History:...
  
  
• The Abbot of Roggenburg
  Roggenburg Abbey
  Roggenburg Abbey is a Premonstratensian canonry in Roggenburg near Neu-Ulm, Bavaria, in operation between 1126 and 1802, and again from its re-foundation in 1986. Since 1992 it has been an independent priory of Windberg Abbey in Lower Bavaria...
  
  
• The Abbot of Rot
  Rot an der Rot Abbey
  Rot an der Rot Abbey was a Premonstratensian monastery in Rot an der Rot in Upper Swabia, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It was the first Premonstratensian monastery in the whole of Swabia...
  
  
• The Abbot of Rottenmünster
• The Abbot of Salmannsweiler
  Salem Abbey
  Salem Abbey , also known as Salmansweiler and in Latin as Salomonis Villa, was a very prominent Cistercian monastery in Salem in the district of Bodensee about ten miles from Konstanz, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.-Abbey:The abbey was founded in 1136 by Gunthram of Adelsreute Salem Abbey (Kloster or...
  
  
• The Abbot of Schussenried
  Schussenried Abbey
  Schussenried Abbey was a Premonstratensian monastery in Bad Schussenried, Upper Swabia, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.- History :...
  
  
• The Abbess of Söflingen
  Söflingen Abbey
  Söflingen Abbey was a nunnery of the Order of Poor Ladies, also known as the Poor Clares, the Poor Clare Sisters, the Clarisse, the Minoresses, or the Second Order of St. Francis. It was situated in the village of Söflingen, now part of Ulm in Baden-Württemberg, Germany...
  
  
• The Abbot of Ursperg
  Ursberg Abbey
  Ursberg Abbey is a former Premonstratensian monastery, now a convent of the Franciscan St. Joseph's Congregation, situated in the small village of Ursberg in the district of Günzburg, Bavaria.-History:...
  
  
• The Abbot of Weingarten
  Weingarten Abbey
  Weingarten Abbey or St. Martin's Abbey is a Benedictine monastery on the Martinsberg in Weingarten near Ravensburg in Baden-Württemberg .-First foundation:...
  
  
• The Abbot of Weissenau
  Weissenau Abbey
  - References : Binder, Helmut , 1995. 850 Jahre Prämonstratenserabtei Weissenau. 1145–1995. Sigmaringen: Thorbecke. ISBN 3-7995-0414-1 Eitel, Peter , 1983. Weissenau in Geschichte und Gegenwart. Festschrift zur 700-Jahrfeier der Übergabe der Heiligblutreliquie durch Rudolf von Habsburg an die...
  
  
• The Abbot of Wettenhausen
  Wettenhausen Abbey
  Wettenhausen Abbey was formerly a monastery of the Augustinian Canons; today it is a Dominican convent. The abbey is in Wettenhausen in the municipality of Kammeltal in Bavaria.-Augustinians:...
  
  
• The Abbot of Zwiefalten
  Zwiefalten Abbey
  - References :...
  
  

The Prelates of the Rhine

• The Abbot of Bruchsal
  Bruchsal
  Bruchsal is a city at the western edge of the Kraichgau, approximately 20 km northeast of Karlsruhe in the state of Baden-Württemberg, Germany...
  
   and Odenheim
• The Abbess of Buchau
  Buchau Abbey
  Buchau Abbey or the Imperial Abbey of Buchau was a nunnery, and later collegiate foundation, in the present town of Bad Buchau in Baden-Württemberg, Germany....
  
  
• The Abbot of Burtscheid
  Burtscheid Abbey
  Burtscheid Abbey was a house of the Benedictine Order, after 1220 a Cistercian nunnery, located at Burtscheid, near Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, in Germany....
  
  
• The Abbot of Ballei of Koblenz
  Koblenz
  Koblenz is a German city situated on both banks of the Rhine at its confluence with the Moselle, where the Deutsches Eck and its monument are situated.As Koblenz was one of the military posts established by Drusus about 8 BC, the...
  
   (Grand Master of the Teutonic Order)
• The Abbot of St. Cornelismünster
  Kornelimünster Abbey
  Kornelimünster Abbey is a Benedictine monastery in Kornelimünster, since 1972 a part of Aachen , in North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany.- First foundation :...
  
  
• The Abbot of Ballei of Elsass
  Alsace
  Alsace is the fifth-smallest of the 27 regions of France in land area , and the smallest in metropolitan France. It is also the seventh-most densely populated region in France and third most densely populated region in metropolitan France, with ca. 220 inhabitants per km²...
  
   and Burgundy (Grand Master of the Teutonic Order)
• The Abbess of Essen
  Essen Abbey
  Essen Abbey was a collegiate foundation for women of the high nobility in Essen. It was founded in about 845 by the Saxon Altfrid , later Bishop of Hildesheim and saint, near a royal estate called Astnidhi, which later gave its name to the religious house and to the town...
  
  
• The Abbess of Gandersheim
  Gandersheim Abbey
  Gandersheim Abbey is a former house of secular canonesses in the present town of Bad Gandersheim in Lower Saxony, Germany. It was founded in 852 by Duke Liudolf of Saxony, progenitor of the Liudolfing or Ottonian dynasty, whose rich endowments ensured its stability and prosperity.The "Imperial...
  
  
• The Abbot of St Georg in Isny
  St. George's Abbey, Isny
  St. George's Abbey, Isny in Isny im Allgäu in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, is a former Benedictine abbey founded in 1096 and secularised in 1802.-History:...
  
  
• The Abbess of Gernrode
  Gernrode
  Gernrode is a town and a former municipality in Germany, in the district of Harz, Saxony-Anhalt. The town was first mentioned in 961 and became a city in 1539. Since 1 January 2011, it is part of the town Quedlinburg...
  
  
• The Abbess of Herford
  Herford
  Herford is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, located in the lowlands between the hill chains of the Wiehen Hills and the Teutoburg Forest. It is the capital of the district of Herford.- Geographic location :...
  
  
• The Abbess of Niedermünster
  Niedermünster, Regensburg
  The Niedermünster or Niedermünster Abbey , Regensburg, was a house of canonesses in Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany. At the height of its power was one of the wealthiest and most influential in Bavaria...
  
   in Regensburg
  Regensburg
  Regensburg is a city in Bavaria, Germany, located at the confluence of the Danube and Regen rivers, at the northernmost bend in the Danube. To the east lies the Bavarian Forest. Regensburg is the capital of the Bavarian administrative region Upper Palatinate...
  
  
• The Abbess of Obermünster
  Obermünster, Regensburg
  The Obermünster, or Obermünster Abbey, Regensburg, was a collegiate house of canonesses in Regensburg, Bavaria, second only to Niedermünster in wealth and power.- History :...
  
   in Regensburg
• The Abbess of Quedlinburg
  Quedlinburg Abbey
  Quedlinburg Abbey was a house of secular canonesses in Quedlinburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It was founded in 936 on the initiative of Saint Mathilda, the widow of Henry the Fowler, as his memorial...
  
  
• The Abbess of Thorn
  Thorn Abbey
  Thorn Abbey or Imperial Abbey of Thorn was an imperial abbey of the Holy Roman Empire in was is now the Netherlands. The capital was Thorn. It was founded in th 10th century; independence ended in 1794, when it was occupied by French troops...
  
  
• The Abbot of St. Ulrich and St. Afra
  St. Ulrich's and St. Afra's Abbey, Augsburg
  St. Ulrich's and St. Afra's Abbey, Augsburg is a former Benedictine abbey dedicated to Saint Ulrich and Saint Afra in the south of the old city in Augsburg, Bavaria.- History :...
  
   in Augsburg
  Augsburg
  Augsburg is a city in the south-west of Bavaria, Germany. It is a university town and home of the Regierungsbezirk Schwaben and the Bezirk Schwaben. Augsburg is an urban district and home to the institutions of the Landkreis Augsburg. It is, as of 2008, the third-largest city in Bavaria with a...
  
  
• The Abbot of Werden
  Werden Abbey
  Werden Abbey was a Benedictine monastery in Essen-Werden , situated on the Ruhr.- The foundation of the abbey :Near Essen Saint Ludger founded a monastery in 799 and became its first abbot. The little church which Saint Ludger built here in honor of Saint Stephen was completed in 804 and dedicated...
  
  

The Counts of the Wetterau

• The Princes and Counts of Solms
• The Prince of Nassau-Usingen
  Nassau-Usingen
  Nassau-Usingen was a county of the Holy Roman Empire in the Upper Rhenish Circle that became a principality in 1688.The origin of the county lies in the medieval county of Weilnau that was acquired by the counts of Nassau-Weilburg in 1602....
  
  
• The Prince of Nassau-Weilburg
• The Prince of Nassau-Saarbrücken
  Nassau-Saarbrücken
  Nassau-Saarbrücken was a county of the Holy Roman Empire in the Upper Rhenish Circle. It belonged to the Walram branch of the House of Nassau.-County of Saarbrücken:...
  
  
• The Princes and Counts of Isenburg
  Isenburg
  Isenburg was a region of Germany located in southern present-day Hesse, located in territories north and south of Frankfurt. The states of Isenburg emerged from the Niederlahngau , which partitioned in 1137 into Isenburg-Isenburg and Isenburg-Limburg-Covern...
  
  
• The Counts of Stollberg
  Stollberg
  Stollberg is a town in the Free State of Saxony, in the district Erzgebirgskreis. It is situated 20 km east of Zwickau, and 17 km southwest of Chemnitz....
  
  
• The Princes and Counts of Sayn-Wittgenstein
• The Counts of Salm
• The Princes and Counts of Leiningen
• The Counts of Westerburg
• The Counts of Wetter-Tegerfelden
• The Counts of Hoyos
• The Counts of Schönburg
• The Count of Wied-Runkel
• The Counts of Ortenburg
• The Counts of Reuss zu Plauen

The Counts of Swabia

• The Prince of Fürstenberg
• The Abbess of Buchau
• The Commander of the Teutonic Knights
• The Prince of Oettingen
• The Count of Montfort (also King of Bohemia)
• The Count of Helfenstein (also Elector of Bavaria)
• The Prince of Schwarzenberg
• The Count of Königsegg
• The Count of Waldburg
• The Count of Eberstein (also Margrave of Baden)
• The Count von der Leyen
• The Counts of Fugger
  Fugger
  The Fugger family was a historically prominent group of European bankers, members of the fifteenth and sixteenth-century mercantile patriciate of Augsburg, international mercantile bankers, and venture capitalists like the Welser and the Höchstetter families. This banking family replaced the de'...
  
  
• The Lord of Hohenems (also King of Bohemia)
• The Count of Traun
• The Prince-Abbot of St. Blase
• The Count of Stadion
• The Prince of Thurn and Taxis
• the Count of Wetter-Tegerfelden in Bonndorf
  Bonndorf
  Bonndorf is a town in the Waldshut district in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated in the southern Black Forest, 14 km southeast of Titisee-Neustadt. It comprises the villages Boll, Brunnadern, Dillendorf, Ebnet, Gündelwangen, Holzschlag, Wellendingen and Wittlekofen. The town is...
  
  
• The Count of Khevenhüller
• The Count of Kuefstein
• The Prince of Colloredo
• The Count of Harrach
• The Count of Sternberg
• The Count of Neipperg

The Counts of Franconia

• The Princes and Counts of Hohenlohe
• The Counts of Castell
• The Counts of Erbach
• The Counts of Rothenberg (later the Counts of Rothberg)
• The Princes and Counts of Löwenstein-Wertheim
• The Heirs to the Counts of Limpurg
• The Counts of Nostitz-Rieneck
• The Prince of Schwarzenberg
• The Heirs to the Counts of Wolfstein
• The Counts of Schönborn
• The Counts of Windisch-Grätz
• The Counts Orsini von Rosenberg
• The Counts of Starhemberg
• The Counts of Wurmbrand
• The Counts of Giech
• The Counts of Gravenitz
• The Counts of Pückler

The Counts of Westphalia

• The Lord of Sayn-Altenkirchen (also King of Prussia)
• The Count of Hoya (also Elector of Hanover)
• The Count of Spiegelberg (also Elector of Hanover)
• The Count of Diepholz (also Elector of Hanover)
• The Duke of Holstein-Gottorp
• The Count of Tecklenburg (also King of Prussia)
• The Duke of Arenberg
• The Prince of Wied-Runkel
• The Prince of Wied-Neuwied
• The Count of Schaumburg (shared between the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel and the Count of Lippe-Bückeburg)
• The Counts of Lippe
  Principality of Lippe
  Lippe was a historical state in Germany. It was located between the Weser River and the southeast part of the Teutoburg forest.-History:...
  
  
• The Counts of Bentheim
• The Princes and Counts of Löwenstein-Wertheim
• The Prince of Kaunitz-Rietberg
• The Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
• The Count of Toerring
• The Count of Aspremont
• The Prince of Salm-Salm (as Count of Anholt)
• The Count of Metternich-Winnenburg
• The Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg
• The Counts of Plettenberg
  House of Plettenberg
  The House of Plettenberg is a Westphalian noble family of the Uradel. It dates back at least to 1187, when Heidolphus de Plettenbrath was mentioned in a document by Philip I...
  
  
• The Counts of Limburg-Stirum
• The Count of Wallmoden
• The Count of Quadt
• The Counts of Ostein
• The Counts of Nesselrode
• The Counts of Salm-Reifferscheidt
• The Counts of Platen
• The Counts of Sinzendorf
• The Prince of Ligne
  Prince of Ligne
  Prince of Ligne is one of the most prestigious Belgian noble titles. It goes back to the eleventh century and owes its name at the village in which it originated, between Ath and Tournai. The lords of Ligne belong to the entourage of the Count of Hainaut at the time of the crusades...
  
  

Sources

• Val Rozn, "The Secular Voices in the Council of Princes (Fürstenrat) of the Imperial Assembly (Reichstag) in 1582" (1999-2009)
• G. Oestreich und E. Holzer, 'Übersicht über die Reichsstände'. in Bruno Gebhardt: Handbuch der Deutschen Geschichte. 9. Auflage, Bd. 2. Ernst Ketler Verlag, Stuttgart. 1973. pp. 769-784.

See also

• Holy Roman Empire
  Holy Roman Empire
  The Holy Roman Empire was a realm that existed from 962 to 1806 in Central Europe.It was ruled by the Holy Roman Emperor. Its character changed during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, when the power of the emperor gradually weakened in favour of the princes...
  
  
• Imperial Circle Estates
• List of states in the Holy Roman Empire