Standard enthalpy change of formation (data table)

These tables include heat of formation

Standard enthalpy change of formation

The standard enthalpy of formation or standard heat of formation of a compound is the change of enthalpy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a substance in its standard state from its constituent elements in their standard states...

data gathered from a variety of sources, including the primary and secondary literature, as well as the NIST Chemistry WebBook. Note that the table for Alkanes contains Δ_fH^o values in kcal/mol, and the table for Miscellaneous Compounds and Elements contains these values in kJ/mol.

Alkanes

Formula	Name	Chemical Formula Simplified molecular input line entry specification The simplified molecular-input line-entry specification or SMILES is a specification in form of a line notation for describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings...	Δ_fH (kcal/mol)	CAS registry number CAS registry number CAS Registry Numbersare unique numerical identifiers assigned by the "Chemical Abstracts Service" toevery chemical described in the...
H₂	Hydrogen Hydrogen Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the symbol H. With an average atomic weight of , hydrogen is the lightest and most abundant chemical element, constituting roughly 75% of the Universe's chemical elemental mass. Stars in the main sequence are mainly...	[H][H]	0.0
CH₄	Methane Methane Methane is a chemical compound with the chemical formula . It is the simplest alkane, the principal component of natural gas, and probably the most abundant organic compound on earth. The relative abundance of methane makes it an attractive fuel...	C	-17.9	000074-82-8
C₂H₆	Ethane Ethane Ethane is a chemical compound with chemical formula C2H6. It is the only two-carbon alkane that is an aliphatic hydrocarbon. At standard temperature and pressure, ethane is a colorless, odorless gas....	CC	-20.0	000074-84-0
C₂H₂	Acetylene Acetylene Acetylene is the chemical compound with the formula C2H2. It is a hydrocarbon and the simplest alkyne. This colorless gas is widely used as a fuel and a chemical building block. It is unstable in pure form and thus is usually handled as a solution.As an alkyne, acetylene is unsaturated because...	CC	+54.2
C₃H₈	n-Propane Propane Propane is a three-carbon alkane with the molecular formula , normally a gas, but compressible to a transportable liquid. A by-product of natural gas processing and petroleum refining, it is commonly used as a fuel for engines, oxy-gas torches, barbecues, portable stoves, and residential central...	CCC	-25.0	000074-98-6
C₄H₁₀	n-Butane Butane Butane is a gas with the formula C4H10 that is an alkane with four carbon atoms. The term may refer to any of two structural isomers, or to a mixture of them: in the IUPAC nomenclature, however, butane refers only to the unbranched n-butane isomer; the other one being called "methylpropane" or...	CCCC	-30.0	000106-97-8
C₅H₁₂	n-Pentane Pentane Pentane is an organic compound with the formula C5H12 — that is, an alkane with five carbon atoms. The term may refer to any of three structural isomers, or to a mixture of them: in the IUPAC nomenclature, however, pentane means exclusively the n-pentane isomer; the other two being called...	CCCCC	-35.1	000109-66-0
C₆H₁₄	n-Hexane Hexane Hexane is a hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C6H14; that is, an alkane with six carbon atoms.The term may refer to any of four other structural isomers with that formula, or to a mixture of them. In the IUPAC nomenclature, however, hexane is the unbranched isomer ; the other four structures...	CCCCCC	-40.0	000110-54-3
C₇H₁₆	n-Heptane Heptane n-Heptane is the straight-chain alkane with the chemical formula H3C5CH3 or C7H16. When used as a test fuel component in anti-knock test engines, a 100% heptane fuel is the zero point of the octane rating scale...	CCCCCCC	-44.9	000142-82-5
C₈H₁₈	n-Octane Octane Octane is a hydrocarbon and an alkane with the chemical formula C8H18, and the condensed structural formula CH36CH3. Octane has many structural isomers that differ by the amount and location of branching in the carbon chain...	CCCCCCCC	-49.8	000111-65-9
C₉H₂₀	n-Nonane Nonane Nonane is a linear alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C9H20.Nonane has 35 structural isomers. Tripropylene is a mixture of three specific isomers of nonane.Its substituent form is nonyl. Its cycloalkane counterpart is cyclononane, ....	CCCCCCCCC	-54.8	000111-84-2
C₁₀H₂₂	n-Decane Decane Decane is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH38CH3.75 structural isomers of decane exist, all of which are flammable liquids. Decane is one of the components of gasoline . Like other alkanes, it is nonpolar and therefore will not dissolve in polar liquids such as water...	CCCCCCCCCC	-59.6	000124-18-5
C₄H₁₀	2-Methylpropane (Isobutane Isobutane Isobutane, also known as methylpropane, is an isomer of butane. It is the simplest alkane with a tertiary carbon. Concerns with depletion of the ozone layer by freon gases have led to increased use of isobutane as a gas for refrigeration systems, especially in domestic refrigerators and freezers,... )	CC(C)C	-32.1	000075-28-5
C₅H₁₂	2,2-Dimethylpropane (Neopentane Neopentane Neopentane, also called dimethylpropane, is a double-branched-chain alkane with five carbon atoms. Neopentane is an extremely flammable gas at room temperature and pressure which can condense into a highly volatile liquid on a cold day, in an ice bath, or when compressed to a higher... )	CC(C)(C)C	-40.1	000463-82-1
C₅H₁₂	2-Methylbutane (Isopentane Isopentane Isopentane, C5H12, also called methylbutane or 2-methylbutane, is a branched-chain alkane with five carbon atoms. Isopentane is an extremely volatile and extremely flammable liquid at room temperature and pressure. The normal boiling point is just a few degrees above room temperature and... )	CCC(C)C	-36.9	000078-78-4
C₆H₁₄	2,2-Dimethylbutane 2,2-Dimethylbutane 2,2-Dimethylbutane, trivially known as neohexane, is an organic compound with formula C6H14 or 3-C-CH2-CH3. It is therefore an alkane, indeed the most compact and branched of the hexane isomers — the only one with a quaternary carbon and a butane backbone.-See also:*methylbutane...	CCC(C)(C)C	-44.5	000075-83-2
C₆H₁₄	2-Methylpentane 2-Methylpentane 2-Methylpentane is a branched-chain alkane with the molecular formula C6H14. It is a structural isomer of hexane composed of a methyl group bonded to the second carbon atom in a pentane chain. It is of similar structure to one of its isomers, 3-methylpentane, which has the methyl group located on... (Isohexane)	CCCC(C)C	-41.8	000107-83-5
C₆H₁₄	3-Methylpentane 3-Methylpentane 3-Methylpentane is a branched-chain alkane with the molecular formula C6H14. It is a structural isomer of hexane composed of a methyl group bonded to the third carbon atom in a pentane chain. It is of similar structure to the isomeric 2-methylpentane, which has the methyl group located on the...	CCC(C)CC	-41.1	000096-14-0
C₆H₁₄	2,3-Dimethylbutane 2,3-Dimethylbutane 2,3-Dimethylbutane, also known as diisopropyl, is an isomer of hexane. It has the chemical formula 2CHCH2 It is a colorless liquid which boils at 57.9 °C....	CC(C)C(C)C	-42.5	000079-29-8
C₇H₁₆	2,2,3-Trimethylbutane	CC(C)C(C)(C)C	-49.0	000464-06-2
C₇H₁₆	3-ethylpentane 3-Ethylpentane 3-Ethylpentane is a branched, saturated hydrocarbon. It is an alkane, and one of the many structural isomers of heptane, consisting of a five carbon chain with a two carbon branch at the middle carbon....	CCC(CC)CC	-45.3	000617-78-7
C₈H₁₈	2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane	CC(C)(C)C(C)(C)C	-53.9	000594-82-1
C₇H₁₆	2-Methylhexane 2-Methylhexane 2-Methylhexane is an isomer of heptane. It is structurally a hexane molecule with a methyl group attached to its second carbon atom...	CCCCC(C)C	-46.5	000591-76-4
C₇H₁₆	3-Methylhexane 3-Methylhexane 3-Methylhexane is a branched hydrocarbon. It is one of the isomers of heptane....	CCCC(C)CC	-45.7	000589-34-4
C₇H₁₆	2,2-Dimethylpentane	CCCC(C)(C)C	-49.2	000590-35-2
C₇H₁₆	3,3-Dimethylpentane	CCC(C)(C)CC	-48.1	000562-49-2
C₇H₁₆	2,3-Dimethylpentane	CCC(C)C(C)C	-47.3	000565-59-3
C₇H₁₆	2,4-Dimethylpentane	CC(C)CC(C)C	-48.2	000108-08-7
C₈H₁₈	2-Methylheptane 2-Methylheptane 2-Methylheptane is a branched alkane isomeric to octane. Its structural formula is 2CH4CH3.-External links:*...	CCCCCC(C)C	-51.5	000592-
C₈H₁₈	2,2-Dimethylhexane	CCCCC(C)(C)C	-53.7	000590-73-8
C₈H₁₈	2,3-Dimethylhexane 2,3-Dimethylhexane 2,3-dimethylhexane is an structural isomer of octane....	CCCC(C)C(C)C	-55.1	000584-94-1
C₈H₁₈	2,4-Dimethylhexane	CCC(C)CC(C)C	-52.4	000589-43-5
C₈H₁₈	2,5-Dimethylhexane 2,5-Dimethylhexane 2,5-Dimethylhexane is a branched alkane used in the aviation industry in low revolutions per minute helicopters. As an isomer of octane, the boiling point is very close to that of octane, but can in pure form be slightly lower. 2,5-Dimethylhexane is moderately toxic....	CC(C)CCC(C)C	-53.2	000592-13-2
C₈H₁₈	3,3-Dimethylhexane	CCCC(C)(C)CC	-52.6	000563-16-6
C₈H₁₈	3,4-Dimethylhexane	CCC(C)C(C)CC	-50.9	000583-48-2
C₈H₁₈	3-Ethyl-2-Methylpentane	CCC(CC)C(C)C	-50.4	000609-26-7
C₈H₁₈	3-Ethyl-3-Methylpentane	CCC(C)(CC)CC	-51.4	001067-08-9
C₈H₁₈	2,2,3-Trimethylpentane	CCC(C)C(C)(C)C	-52.6	000564-02-3
C₈H₁₈	2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, also known as isooctane, iso-octane, is an organic compound with the formula 3CCH2CH2. It is one of several isomers of octane . This particular isomer is the standard for 100 point on the octane rating scale... (Isooctane)	CC(C)CC(C)(C)C	-53.5	000540-84-1
C₈H₁₈	2,3,3-Trimethylpentane 2,3,3-Trimethylpentane 2,3,3-Trimethylpentane is a chemical compound in the family of hydrocarbons which has a formula of C8H18. It is an isomer of octane....	CCC(C)(C)C(C)C	-51.7	000560-21-4
C₈H₁₈	2,3,4-Trimethylpentane 2,3,4-Trimethylpentane 2,3,4-Trimethylpentane is a branched alkane. It is one of the isomers of octane.-External links:* at rdchemicals.com* at chemicalbook.com* at environmentalchemistry.com* at lookchem.com...	CC(C)C(C)C(C)C	-51.9	000565-75-3
C₉H₂₀	3,3-Diethylpentane	CCC(CC)(CC)CC	-55.7	001067-20-5
C₉H₂₀	2,2,3,3-Tetramethylpentane	CCC(C)(C)C(C)(C)C	-56.7	007154-79-2
C₉H₂₀	2,2,3,4-Tetramethylpentane	CC(C)C(C)C(C)(C)C	-56.6	001186-53-4
C₉H₂₀	2,2,4,4-Tetramethylpentane	CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C	-57.8	001070-87-7
C₉H₂₀	2,3,3,4-Tetramethylpentane	CC(C)C(C)(C)C(C)C	-56.4	016747-38-9

Miscellaneous Compounds

Thermochemical Properties of selected substances at 298 K and 1 atm> Lithium
Lithium
Lithium is a soft, silver-white metal that belongs to the alkali metal group of chemical elements. It is represented by the symbol Li, and it has the atomic number 3. Under standard conditions it is the lightest metal and the least dense solid element. Like all alkali metals, lithium is highly...

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Species	Phase(Matter)	Chemical Formula	ΔH_f^o (kJ/mol)
Aluminium Aluminium Aluminium or aluminum is a silvery white member of the boron group of chemical elements. It has the symbol Al, and its atomic number is 13. It is not soluble in water under normal circumstances....
Aluminium Aluminium Aluminium or aluminum is a silvery white member of the boron group of chemical elements. It has the symbol Al, and its atomic number is 13. It is not soluble in water under normal circumstances....	Solid	Al	0
Aluminium Chloride Aluminium chloride Aluminium chloride is the main compound of aluminium and chlorine. It is white, but samples are often contaminated with iron trichloride, giving it a yellow colour. The solid has a low melting and boiling point. It is mainly produced and consumed in the production of aluminium metal, but large...	Solid	AlCl₃	-705.63
Aluminium oxide Aluminium oxide Aluminium oxide is an amphoteric oxide with the chemical formula 23. It is commonly referred to as alumina, or corundum in its crystalline form, as well as many other names, reflecting its widespread occurrence in nature and industry...	Solid	Al₂O₃	-1675.7
Aluminium sulphate	Solid	Al₂(SO₄)₃	-3440
Barium Barium Barium is a chemical element with the symbol Ba and atomic number 56. It is the fifth element in Group 2, a soft silvery metallic alkaline earth metal. Barium is never found in nature in its pure form due to its reactivity with air. Its oxide is historically known as baryta but it reacts with...
Barium Chloride Barium chloride Barium chloride is the inorganic compound with the formula BaCl2. It is one of the most common water-soluble salts of barium. Like other barium salts, it is toxic and imparts a yellow-green coloration to a flame. It is also hygroscopic....	Solid	BaCl₂	-858.6
Barium Carbonate Barium carbonate Barium carbonate , also known as witherite, is a chemical compound used in rat poison, bricks, ceramic glazes and cement.Witherite crystallizes in the orthorhombic system...	Solid	BaCO₃	-1213
Barium hydroxide Barium hydroxide Barium hydroxide is the chemical compound with the formula Ba2. Also known as baryta, it is one of the principal compounds of barium. The white granular monohydrate is the usual commercial form.-Preparation:...	Solid	Ba(OH)₂	-944.7
Barium Oxide Barium oxide Barium oxide, BaO, is a white hygroscopic compound formed by the burning of barium in oxygen, although it is often formed through the decomposition of other barium salts.It reacts with water to form barium hydroxide.-Uses:...	Solid	BaO	-548.1
Barium Sulfate Barium sulfate Barium sulfate is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula BaSO4. It is a white crystalline solid that is odorless and insoluble in water. It occurs as the mineral barite, which is the main commercial source of barium and materials prepared from it...	Solid	BaSO₄	-1473.2
Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium is the chemical element with the symbol Be and atomic number 4. It is a divalent element which occurs naturally only in combination with other elements in minerals. Notable gemstones which contain beryllium include beryl and chrysoberyl...
Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium is the chemical element with the symbol Be and atomic number 4. It is a divalent element which occurs naturally only in combination with other elements in minerals. Notable gemstones which contain beryllium include beryl and chrysoberyl...	Solid	Be	0
Beryllium Hydroxide Beryllium hydroxide Beryllium hydroxide, Be2 is an amphoteric hydroxide, dissolving in both acids and alkalis. Industrially it is produced as a by-product in the extraction of beryllium metal from the ores, beryl and bertrandite. When alkali is added to beryllium salt solutions the α-form is formed. If this left to...	Solid	Be(OH)₂	-902.5
Beryllium oxide Beryllium oxide Beryllium oxide , also known as beryllia, is an inorganic compound with the formula BeO. This colourless solid is a notable electrical insulator with a higher thermal conductivity than any other non-metal except diamond, and actually exceeds that of some metals. As an amorphous solid, beryllium...	Solid	BeO	-609.4(25)
Boron Boron Boron is the chemical element with atomic number 5 and the chemical symbol B. Boron is a metalloid. Because boron is not produced by stellar nucleosynthesis, it is a low-abundance element in both the solar system and the Earth's crust. However, boron is concentrated on Earth by the...
Boron Trichloride Boron trichloride Boron trichloride is a chemical compound with the formula BCl3. This colorless gas is a valuable reagent in organic synthesis. It is also dangerously reactive.-Production and properties:Boron reacts with halogens to give the corresponding trihalides...	Solid	BCl₃	-402.96
Bromine Bromine Bromine ") is a chemical element with the symbol Br, an atomic number of 35, and an atomic mass of 79.904. It is in the halogen element group. The element was isolated independently by two chemists, Carl Jacob Löwig and Antoine Jerome Balard, in 1825–1826...
Bromine Bromine Bromine ") is a chemical element with the symbol Br, an atomic number of 35, and an atomic mass of 79.904. It is in the halogen element group. The element was isolated independently by two chemists, Carl Jacob Löwig and Antoine Jerome Balard, in 1825–1826...	Liquid	Br₂	0
Bromine Bromine Bromine ") is a chemical element with the symbol Br, an atomic number of 35, and an atomic mass of 79.904. It is in the halogen element group. The element was isolated independently by two chemists, Carl Jacob Löwig and Antoine Jerome Balard, in 1825–1826...	Gas	Br	111.884
Bromine Bromine Bromine ") is a chemical element with the symbol Br, an atomic number of 35, and an atomic mass of 79.904. It is in the halogen element group. The element was isolated independently by two chemists, Carl Jacob Löwig and Antoine Jerome Balard, in 1825–1826...	Gas	Br₂	30.91
Bromine trifluoride Bromine trifluoride Bromine trifluoride is an interhalogen compound with the formula BrF3. This toxic, colourless, and corrosive liquid is soluble in sulfuric acid but explodes on contact with water and organic compounds. It is a powerful fluorinating agent and an ionizing inorganic solvent...	Gas	BrF₃	-255.60
Hydrobromic acid Hydrobromic acid Hydrobromic acid is a strong acid formed by dissolving the diatomic molecule hydrogen bromide in water. "Constant boiling" hydrobromic acid is an aqueous solution that distills at 124.3 °C and contains 47.6% HBr by weight, which is 8.89 mol/L. Hydrobromic acid has a pKa of −9, making it a...	Gas	HBr	-36.29
Calcium Calcium Calcium is the chemical element with the symbol Ca and atomic number 20. It has an atomic mass of 40.078 amu. Calcium is a soft gray alkaline earth metal, and is the fifth-most-abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust...
Calcium Calcium Calcium is the chemical element with the symbol Ca and atomic number 20. It has an atomic mass of 40.078 amu. Calcium is a soft gray alkaline earth metal, and is the fifth-most-abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust...	Solid	Ca	0
Calcium Calcium Calcium is the chemical element with the symbol Ca and atomic number 20. It has an atomic mass of 40.078 amu. Calcium is a soft gray alkaline earth metal, and is the fifth-most-abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust...	Gas	Ca	178.2
Calcium(II) Ion	Gas	Ca²⁺	1925.90
Calcium carbide Calcium carbide thumb\|right\|Calcium carbide.Calcium carbide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula of CaC2. The pure material is colorless, however pieces of technical grade calcium carbide are grey or brown and consist of only 80-85% of CaC2 . Because of presence of PH3, NH3, and H2S it has a...	Solid	CaC₂	-59.8
Calcium Carbonate Calcium carbonate Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the formula CaCO3. It is a common substance found in rocks in all parts of the world, and is the main component of shells of marine organisms, snails, coal balls, pearls, and eggshells. Calcium carbonate is the active ingredient in agricultural lime,... (Calcite Calcite Calcite is a carbonate mineral and the most stable polymorph of calcium carbonate . The other polymorphs are the minerals aragonite and vaterite. Aragonite will change to calcite at 380-470°C, and vaterite is even less stable.-Properties:... )	Solid	CaCO₃	-1207.6
Calcium Chloride Calcium chloride Calcium chloride, CaCl2, is a salt of calcium and chlorine. It behaves as a typical ionic halide, and is solid at room temperature. Common applications include brine for refrigeration plants, ice and dust control on roads, and desiccation...	Solid	CaCl₂	-795.8
Calcium Chloride Calcium chloride Calcium chloride, CaCl2, is a salt of calcium and chlorine. It behaves as a typical ionic halide, and is solid at room temperature. Common applications include brine for refrigeration plants, ice and dust control on roads, and desiccation...	Aqueous	CaCl₂	-877.3
Calcium Phosphate Calcium phosphate Calcium phosphate is the name given to a family of minerals containing calcium ions together with orthophosphates , metaphosphates or pyrophosphates and occasionally hydrogen or hydroxide ions ....	Solid	Ca₃(PO₄)₂	-4132
Calcium Fluoride Calcium fluoride Calcium fluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula CaF2. This ionic compound of calcium and fluorine occurs naturally as the mineral fluorite . It is the source of most of the world's fluorine. This insoluble solid adopts a cubic structure wherein calcium is coordinated to eight fluoride...	Solid	CaF₂	-1219.6
Calcium Hydride Calcium hydride Calcium hydride is the chemical compound with the formula CaH2. This grey powder reacts vigorously with water liberating hydrogen gas. CaH2 is thus used as a drying agent, i.e. a desiccant....	Solid	CaH₂	-186.2
Calcium hydroxide Calcium hydroxide Calcium hydroxide, traditionally called slaked lime, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca2. It is a colourless crystal or white powder and is obtained when calcium oxide is mixed, or "slaked" with water. It has many names including hydrated lime, builders lime, slack lime, cal, or...	Solid	Ca(OH)₂	-986.09
Calcium hydroxide Calcium hydroxide Calcium hydroxide, traditionally called slaked lime, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca2. It is a colourless crystal or white powder and is obtained when calcium oxide is mixed, or "slaked" with water. It has many names including hydrated lime, builders lime, slack lime, cal, or...	Aqueous	Ca(OH)₂	-1002.82
Calcium Oxide Calcium oxide Calcium oxide , commonly known as quicklime or burnt lime, is a widely used chemical compound. It is a white, caustic, alkaline crystalline solid at room temperature....	Solid	CaO	-635.09
Calcium Sulfate Calcium sulfate Calcium sulfate is a common laboratory and industrial chemical. In the form of γ-anhydrite , it is used as a desiccant. It is also used as a coagulant in products like tofu. In the natural state, unrefined calcium sulfate is a translucent, crystalline white rock...	Solid	CaSO₄	-1434.52
Calcium Sulfide Calcium sulfide Calcium sulfide is the chemical compound with the formula CaS. This white material crystallizes in cubes like rock salt. CaS has been studied as a component in a process that would recycle gypsum, a product of flue gas desulfurization...	Solid	CaS	-482.4
Carbon Carbon Carbon is the chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. As a member of group 14 on the periodic table, it is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds...			Alkanes Above
Benzene Benzene Benzene is an organic chemical compound. It is composed of 6 carbon atoms in a ring, with 1 hydrogen atom attached to each carbon atom, with the molecular formula C6H6....	Liquid	C₆H₆	48.95
Benzoic acid Benzoic acid Benzoic acid , C7H6O2 , is a colorless crystalline solid and the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid. The name derived from gum benzoin, which was for a long time the only source for benzoic acid. Its salts are used as a food preservative and benzoic acid is an important precursor for the synthesis...	Solid	C₇H₆O₂	-385.2
Carbon Carbon Carbon is the chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. As a member of group 14 on the periodic table, it is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds... (Graphite Graphite The mineral graphite is one of the allotropes of carbon. It was named by Abraham Gottlob Werner in 1789 from the Ancient Greek γράφω , "to draw/write", for its use in pencils, where it is commonly called lead . Unlike diamond , graphite is an electrical conductor, a semimetal... )	Solid	C	0
Carbon Carbon Carbon is the chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. As a member of group 14 on the periodic table, it is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds... (Diamond Diamond In mineralogy, diamond is an allotrope of carbon, where the carbon atoms are arranged in a variation of the face-centered cubic crystal structure called a diamond lattice. Diamond is less stable than graphite, but the conversion rate from diamond to graphite is negligible at ambient conditions... )	Solid	C	1.8
Carbon Carbon Carbon is the chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. As a member of group 14 on the periodic table, it is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds...	Gas	C	716.67
Carbon Dioxide Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide is a naturally occurring chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom...	Gas	CO₂	-393.509
Carbon disulfide Carbon disulfide Carbon disulfide is a colorless volatile liquid with the formula CS2. The compound is used frequently as a building block in organic chemistry as well as an industrial and chemical non-polar solvent...	Liquid	CS₂	89.41
Carbon disulfide Carbon disulfide Carbon disulfide is a colorless volatile liquid with the formula CS2. The compound is used frequently as a building block in organic chemistry as well as an industrial and chemical non-polar solvent...	Gas	CS₂	116.7
Carbon Monoxide Carbon monoxide Carbon monoxide , also called carbonous oxide, is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is slightly lighter than air. It is highly toxic to humans and animals in higher quantities, although it is also produced in normal animal metabolism in low quantities, and is thought to have some normal...	Gas	CO	-110.525
Carbon tetrachloride Carbon tetrachloride Carbon tetrachloride, also known by many other names is the organic compound with the formula CCl4. It was formerly widely used in fire extinguishers, as a precursor to refrigerants, and as a cleaning agent...	Liquid	CCl₄	-139.5
Carbon tetrachloride Carbon tetrachloride Carbon tetrachloride, also known by many other names is the organic compound with the formula CCl4. It was formerly widely used in fire extinguishers, as a precursor to refrigerants, and as a cleaning agent...	Gas	CCl₄	-103.18
Carbonyl Chloride(Phosgene Phosgene Phosgene is the chemical compound with the formula COCl2. This colorless gas gained infamy as a chemical weapon during World War I. It is also a valued industrial reagent and building block in synthesis of pharmaceuticals and other organic compounds. In low concentrations, its odor resembles... )	Gas	COCl₂	-218.8
Ethane Ethane Ethane is a chemical compound with chemical formula C2H6. It is the only two-carbon alkane that is an aliphatic hydrocarbon. At standard temperature and pressure, ethane is a colorless, odorless gas....	Gas	C₂H₆	-83.85
Ethanol Ethanol Ethanol, also called ethyl alcohol, pure alcohol, grain alcohol, or drinking alcohol, is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid. It is a psychoactive drug and one of the oldest recreational drugs. Best known as the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages, it is also used in thermometers, as a...	Liquid	C₂H₅OH	-277.0
Ethanol Ethanol Ethanol, also called ethyl alcohol, pure alcohol, grain alcohol, or drinking alcohol, is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid. It is a psychoactive drug and one of the oldest recreational drugs. Best known as the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages, it is also used in thermometers, as a...	Gas	C₂H₅OH	-235.3
Ethene	Gas	C₂H₄	52.3
Ethyne	Gas	C₂H₂	226.73
Methane Methane Methane is a chemical compound with the chemical formula . It is the simplest alkane, the principal component of natural gas, and probably the most abundant organic compound on earth. The relative abundance of methane makes it an attractive fuel...	Gas	CH₄	-74.87
Methanol Methanol Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol, wood alcohol, wood naphtha or wood spirits, is a chemical with the formula CH3OH . It is the simplest alcohol, and is a light, volatile, colorless, flammable liquid with a distinctive odor very similar to, but slightly sweeter than, ethanol... (Methyl Alcohol)	Liquid	CH₃OH	-238.4
Methanol Methanol Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol, wood alcohol, wood naphtha or wood spirits, is a chemical with the formula CH3OH . It is the simplest alcohol, and is a light, volatile, colorless, flammable liquid with a distinctive odor very similar to, but slightly sweeter than, ethanol... (Methyl Alcohol)	Gas	CH₃OH	-201.0
Methyl Linoleate (Biodiesel Biodiesel Biodiesel refers to a vegetable oil- or animal fat-based diesel fuel consisting of long-chain alkyl esters. Biodiesel is typically made by chemically reacting lipids with an alcohol.... )	Gas	C₁₉H₃₄O₂	-356.3
Methyl Trichloride(Chloroform Chloroform Chloroform is an organic compound with formula CHCl3. It is one of the four chloromethanes. The colorless, sweet-smelling, dense liquid is a trihalomethane, and is considered somewhat hazardous... )	Liquid	CHCl₃	-134.47
Methyl Trichloride(Chloroform Chloroform Chloroform is an organic compound with formula CHCl3. It is one of the four chloromethanes. The colorless, sweet-smelling, dense liquid is a trihalomethane, and is considered somewhat hazardous... )	Gas	CHCl₃	-103.18
Propane Propane Propane is a three-carbon alkane with the molecular formula , normally a gas, but compressible to a transportable liquid. A by-product of natural gas processing and petroleum refining, it is commonly used as a fuel for engines, oxy-gas torches, barbecues, portable stoves, and residential central...	Liquid	C₃H₈	-104.7
*Cesium*
Cesium	Solid	Cs	0
Cesium	Gas	Cs	76.50
Cesium	Liquid	Cs	2.09
Cesium(I) ion	Gas	Cs⁺	457.964
Cesium chloride	Solid	CsCl	-443.04
Chlorine Chlorine Chlorine is the chemical element with atomic number 17 and symbol Cl. It is the second lightest halogen, found in the periodic table in group 17. The element forms diatomic molecules under standard conditions, called dichlorine...
Monatomic Chlorine	Gas	Cl	121.7
Chloride Ion	Aqueous	Cl^-	-167.2
Chlorine Chlorine Chlorine is the chemical element with atomic number 17 and symbol Cl. It is the second lightest halogen, found in the periodic table in group 17. The element forms diatomic molecules under standard conditions, called dichlorine...	Gas	Cl₂	0
Chromium Chromium Chromium is a chemical element which has the symbol Cr and atomic number 24. It is the first element in Group 6. It is a steely-gray, lustrous, hard metal that takes a high polish and has a high melting point. It is also odorless, tasteless, and malleable...
Chromium Chromium Chromium is a chemical element which has the symbol Cr and atomic number 24. It is the first element in Group 6. It is a steely-gray, lustrous, hard metal that takes a high polish and has a high melting point. It is also odorless, tasteless, and malleable...	Solid	Cr	0
Copper Copper Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. It is a ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. Pure copper is soft and malleable; an exposed surface has a reddish-orange tarnish...
Copper Copper Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. It is a ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. Pure copper is soft and malleable; an exposed surface has a reddish-orange tarnish...	Solid	Cu	0
Fluorine Fluorine Fluorine is the chemical element with atomic number 9, represented by the symbol F. It is the lightest element of the halogen column of the periodic table and has a single stable isotope, fluorine-19. At standard pressure and temperature, fluorine is a pale yellow gas composed of diatomic...
Fluorine Fluorine Fluorine is the chemical element with atomic number 9, represented by the symbol F. It is the lightest element of the halogen column of the periodic table and has a single stable isotope, fluorine-19. At standard pressure and temperature, fluorine is a pale yellow gas composed of diatomic...	Gas	F₂	0
Hydrogen Hydrogen Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the symbol H. With an average atomic weight of , hydrogen is the lightest and most abundant chemical element, constituting roughly 75% of the Universe's chemical elemental mass. Stars in the main sequence are mainly...
Hydrogen Hydrogen Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the symbol H. With an average atomic weight of , hydrogen is the lightest and most abundant chemical element, constituting roughly 75% of the Universe's chemical elemental mass. Stars in the main sequence are mainly...	Gas	H₂	0
Water Water Water is a chemical substance with the chemical formula H2O. A water molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent bonds. Water is a liquid at ambient conditions, but it often co-exists on Earth with its solid state, ice, and gaseous state . Water also exists in a...	Liquid	H₂O	-285.830
Water Water Water is a chemical substance with the chemical formula H2O. A water molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent bonds. Water is a liquid at ambient conditions, but it often co-exists on Earth with its solid state, ice, and gaseous state . Water also exists in a...	Gas	H₂O	-241.818
Hydrogen Peroxide Hydrogen peroxide Hydrogen peroxide is the simplest peroxide and an oxidizer. Hydrogen peroxide is a clear liquid, slightly more viscous than water. In dilute solution, it appears colorless. With its oxidizing properties, hydrogen peroxide is often used as a bleach or cleaning agent...	Liquid	H₂O₂	-187.8
Hydrogen Cyanide	Gas	HCN	+130.5
Hydrogen bromide Hydrogen bromide Hydrogen bromide is the diatomic molecule HBr. HBr is a gas at standard conditions. Hydrobromic acid forms upon dissolving HBr in water. Conversely, HBr can be liberated from hydrobromic acid solutions with the addition of a dehydration agent, but not by distillation. Hydrogen bromide and...	Liquid	HBr	-36.3
Hydrogen Chloride Hydrogen chloride The compound hydrogen chloride has the formula HCl. At room temperature, it is a colorless gas, which forms white fumes of hydrochloric acid upon contact with atmospheric humidity. Hydrogen chloride gas and hydrochloric acid are important in technology and industry...	Gas	HCl	-92.30
Hydrogen Chloride Hydrogen chloride The compound hydrogen chloride has the formula HCl. At room temperature, it is a colorless gas, which forms white fumes of hydrochloric acid upon contact with atmospheric humidity. Hydrogen chloride gas and hydrochloric acid are important in technology and industry...	Aqueous	HCl	-167.2
Hydrogen Fluoride Hydrogen fluoride Hydrogen fluoride is a chemical compound with the formula HF. This colorless gas is the principal industrial source of fluorine, often in the aqueous form as hydrofluoric acid, and thus is the precursor to many important compounds including pharmaceuticals and polymers . HF is widely used in the...	Gas	HF	-269
Hydrogen Iodide Hydrogen iodide Hydrogen iodide is a diatomic molecule. Aqueous solutions of HI are known as iohydroic acid or hydroiodic acid, a strong acid. Gas and aqueous solution are interconvertible...	Gas	HI	+26.5
Iodine Iodine Iodine is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53. The name is pronounced , , or . The name is from the , meaning violet or purple, due to the color of elemental iodine vapor....
Iodine Iodine Iodine is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53. The name is pronounced , , or . The name is from the , meaning violet or purple, due to the color of elemental iodine vapor....	Solid	I₂	0
Iodine Iodine Iodine is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53. The name is pronounced , , or . The name is from the , meaning violet or purple, due to the color of elemental iodine vapor....	Gas	I₂	62.438
Iron Iron Iron is a chemical element with the symbol Fe and atomic number 26. It is a metal in the first transition series. It is the most common element forming the planet Earth as a whole, forming much of Earth's outer and inner core. It is the fourth most common element in the Earth's crust...
Lead Lead Lead is a main-group element in the carbon group with the symbol Pb and atomic number 82. Lead is a soft, malleable poor metal. It is also counted as one of the heavy metals. Metallic lead has a bluish-white color after being freshly cut, but it soon tarnishes to a dull grayish color when exposed...
Lead(II) nitrate Lead(II) nitrate Lead nitrate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Pb2. It commonly occurs as a colourless crystal or white powder and, unlike most other lead salts, is soluble in water....	Solid	Pb(NO₃)₂	-452
Magnesium Magnesium Magnesium is a chemical element with the symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and common oxidation number +2. It is an alkaline earth metal and the eighth most abundant element in the Earth's crust and ninth in the known universe as a whole...
Magnesium Carbonate Magnesium carbonate Magnesium carbonate, MgCO3, is a white solid that occurs in nature as a mineral. Several hydrated and basic forms of magnesium carbonate also exist as minerals...	Solid	MgCO₃	--1095.797
Magnesium Chloride Magnesium chloride Magnesium chloride is the name for the chemical compounds with the formulas MgCl2 and its various hydrates MgCl2x. These salts are typical ionic halides, being highly soluble in water. The hydrated magnesium chloride can be extracted from brine or sea water...	Solid	MgCl₂	-641.8
Magnesium hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Mg2. As a suspension in water, it is often called milk of magnesia because of its milk-like appearance. The solid mineral form of magnesium hydroxide is known as brucite....	Solid	Mg(OH)₂	-924.54
Magnesium hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Mg2. As a suspension in water, it is often called milk of magnesia because of its milk-like appearance. The solid mineral form of magnesium hydroxide is known as brucite....	Aqueous	Mg(OH)₂	-926.8
Magnesium Oxide Magnesium oxide Magnesium oxide , or magnesia, is a white hygroscopic solid mineral that occurs naturally as periclase and is a source of magnesium . It has an empirical formula of and consists of a lattice of Mg2+ ions and O2– ions held together by ionic bonds...	Solid	MgO	-601.24
Magnesium sulfate Magnesium sulfate Magnesium sulfate is a chemical compound containing magnesium, sulfur and oxygen, with the formula MgSO4. It is often encountered as the heptahydrate epsomite , commonly called Epsom salt, from the town of Epsom in Surrey, England, where the salt was distilled from the springs that arise where the...	Solid	MgSO₄	-1278.2
Manganese Manganese Manganese is a chemical element, designated by the symbol Mn. It has the atomic number 25. It is found as a free element in nature , and in many minerals...
Manganese(II) oxide Manganese(II) oxide Manganese oxide is the inorganic compound with formula MnO. MnO is a basic oxide that is insoluble in water but dissolves in acids, forming manganese salts.-Preparation and occurrence:...	Solid	MnO	-384.9
Manganese(IV) Oxide Manganese(IV) oxide Manganese oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula . This blackish or brown solid occurs naturally as the mineral pyrolusite, which is the main ore of manganese and a component of manganese nodules. The principal use for MnO2 is for dry-cell batteries, such as the alkaline battery and the...	Solid	MnO₂	-519.7
Mercury Mercury (element) Mercury is a chemical element with the symbol Hg and atomic number 80. It is also known as quicksilver or hydrargyrum...
Mercury(II) Oxide Mercury(II) oxide Mercury oxide, also called mercuric oxide or simply mercury oxide, has a formula of HgO. It has a red or orange color. Mercury oxide is a solid at room temperature and pressure... (red)	Solid	HgO	-90.83
Mercury Sulfide Mercury sulfide Mercury sulfide, mercuric sulfide, or mercury sulfide is a chemical compound composed of the chemical elements mercury and sulfur. It is represented by the chemical formula HgS... (red, cinnabar Cinnabar Cinnabar or cinnabarite , is the common ore of mercury.-Word origin:The name comes from κινναβαρι , a Greek word most likely applied by Theophrastus to several distinct substances... )	Solid	HgS	-58.2
Nickel Nickel Nickel is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. Nickel belongs to the transition metals and is hard and ductile...
Nitrogen Nitrogen Nitrogen is a chemical element that has the symbol N, atomic number of 7 and atomic mass 14.00674 u. Elemental nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, and mostly inert diatomic gas at standard conditions, constituting 78.08% by volume of Earth's atmosphere...
Ammonia Ammonia Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula . It is a colourless gas with a characteristic pungent odour. Ammonia contributes significantly to the nutritional needs of terrestrial organisms by serving as a precursor to food and fertilizers. Ammonia, either directly or...	Aqueous	NH₃	-80.8
Ammonia Ammonia Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula . It is a colourless gas with a characteristic pungent odour. Ammonia contributes significantly to the nutritional needs of terrestrial organisms by serving as a precursor to food and fertilizers. Ammonia, either directly or...	Gas	NH₃	-45.90
Nitrogen Dioxide Nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula it is one of several nitrogen oxides. is an intermediate in the industrial synthesis of nitric acid, millions of tons of which are produced each year. This reddish-brown toxic gas has a characteristic sharp, biting odor and is a prominent...	Gas	NO₂	33.1
Nitrogen Monoxide Nitric oxide Nitric oxide, also known as nitrogen monoxide, is a diatomic molecule with chemical formula NO. It is a free radical and is an important intermediate in the chemical industry...	Gas	NO	90.29
Dinitrogen tetraoxide	Gas	N₂O₄	9.16
Dinitrogen pentoxide Dinitrogen pentoxide Dinitrogen pentoxide is the chemical compound with the formula N2O5. Also known as nitrogen pentoxide, N2O5 is one of the binary nitrogen oxides, a family of compounds that only contain nitrogen and oxygen...	Solid	N₂O₅	-43.1
Dinitrogen pentoxide Dinitrogen pentoxide Dinitrogen pentoxide is the chemical compound with the formula N2O5. Also known as nitrogen pentoxide, N2O5 is one of the binary nitrogen oxides, a family of compounds that only contain nitrogen and oxygen...	Gas	N₂O₅	11.3
Oxygen Oxygen Oxygen is the element with atomic number 8 and represented by the symbol O. Its name derives from the Greek roots ὀξύς and -γενής , because at the time of naming, it was mistakenly thought that all acids required oxygen in their composition...
Monoatomic oxygen	Gas	O	249
Oxygen Oxygen Oxygen is the element with atomic number 8 and represented by the symbol O. Its name derives from the Greek roots ὀξύς and -γενής , because at the time of naming, it was mistakenly thought that all acids required oxygen in their composition...	Gas	O₂	0
Ozone Ozone Ozone , or trioxygen, is a triatomic molecule, consisting of three oxygen atoms. It is an allotrope of oxygen that is much less stable than the diatomic allotrope...	Gas	O₃	143
Phosphorus Phosphorus Phosphorus is the chemical element that has the symbol P and atomic number 15. A multivalent nonmetal of the nitrogen group, phosphorus as a mineral is almost always present in its maximally oxidized state, as inorganic phosphate rocks...
Phosphorus trichloride Phosphorus trichloride Phosphorus trichloride is a chemical compound of phosphorus and chlorine, having chemical formula PCl3. Its shape is trigonal pyramidal. It is the most important of the three phosphorus chlorides. It is an important industrial chemical, being used for the manufacture of organophosphorus compounds...	Liquid	PCl₃	-320
Phosphorus pentachloride	Solid	PCl₅	-440
Potassium Potassium Potassium is the chemical element with the symbol K and atomic number 19. Elemental potassium is a soft silvery-white alkali metal that oxidizes rapidly in air and is very reactive with water, generating sufficient heat to ignite the hydrogen emitted in the reaction.Potassium and sodium are...
Potassium Bromide Potassium bromide Potassium bromide is a salt, widely used as an anticonvulsant and a sedative in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with over-the-counter use extending to 1975 in the United States. Its action is due to the bromide ion...	Solid	KBr	-392.2
Potassium Chlorate Potassium chlorate Potassium chlorate is a compound containing potassium, chlorine and oxygen atoms, with the molecular formula KClO3. In its pure form, it is a white crystalline substance. It is the most common chlorate in industrial use...	Solid	KClO₃	-391.4
Potassium chloride Potassium chloride The chemical compound potassium chloride is a metal halide salt composed of potassium and chlorine. In its pure state, it is odorless and has a white or colorless vitreous crystal appearance, with a crystal structure that cleaves easily in three directions. Potassium chloride crystals are...	Solid	KCl	-436.68
Potassium Fluoride Potassium fluoride Potassium fluoride is the chemical compound with the formula KF. After hydrogen fluoride, KF is the primary source of the fluoride ion for applications in manufacturing and in chemistry. It is an alkali metal halide and occurs naturally as the rare mineral carobbiite...	Solid	KF	-562.6
Potassium Perchlorate Potassium perchlorate Potassium perchlorate is the inorganic salt with the chemical formula KClO4. Like other perchlorates, this salt is a strong oxidizer and potentially reacts with many organic substances...	Solid	KClO₄	-430.12
Silicon Silicon Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and atomic number 14. A tetravalent metalloid, it is less reactive than its chemical analog carbon, the nonmetal directly above it in the periodic table, but more reactive than germanium, the metalloid directly below it in the table...
Silicon Silicon Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and atomic number 14. A tetravalent metalloid, it is less reactive than its chemical analog carbon, the nonmetal directly above it in the periodic table, but more reactive than germanium, the metalloid directly below it in the table...	Gas	Si	368.2
Silicon Carbide Silicon carbide Silicon carbide , also known as carborundum, is a compound of silicon and carbon with chemical formula SiC. It occurs in nature as the extremely rare mineral moissanite. Silicon carbide powder has been mass-produced since 1893 for use as an abrasive...	Solid	SiC	-73.22
Silicon Tetrachloride Silicon tetrachloride Silicon tetrachloride is the inorganic compound with the formula SiCl4. It is a colourless volatile liquid that fumes in air. It is used to produce high purity silicon and silica for commercial applications.-Preparation:...	Liquid	SiCl₄	-640.1
Silica (Quartz Quartz Quartz is the second-most-abundant mineral in the Earth's continental crust, after feldspar. It is made up of a continuous framework of SiO4 silicon–oxygen tetrahedra, with each oxygen being shared between two tetrahedra, giving an overall formula SiO2. There are many different varieties of quartz,... )	Solid	SiO₂	-910.86
Silver Silver Silver is a metallic chemical element with the chemical symbol Ag and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it has the highest electrical conductivity of any element and the highest thermal conductivity of any metal...
Silver Bromide Silver bromide Silver bromide , a soft, pale-yellow, water insoluble salt well known for its unusual sensitivity to light. This property has allowed silver halides to become the basis of modern photographic materials. AgBr is widely used in photographic films and is believed by some to have been used for making...	Solid	AgBr	-99.5
Silver Chloride Silver chloride Silver chloride is a chemical compound with the chemical formula AgCl. This white crystalline solid is well known for its low solubility in water . Upon illumination or heating, silver chloride converts to silver , which is signalled by greyish or purplish coloration to some samples...	Solid	AgCl	-127.01
Silver Iodide Silver iodide Silver iodide is a yellow, inorganic, photosensitive iodide of silver used in photography, in medicine as an antiseptic, and in rainmaking for cloud seeding.-Crystal structure:...	Solid	AgI	-62.4
Silver Oxide	Solid	Ag₂O	-31.1
Silver Sulfide Silver sulfide Silver sulfide, Ag2S, is the sulfide of silver. This dense black solid constitutes the tarnish that forms over time on silverware and other silver objects. Silver sulfide is insoluble in all solvents, but is degraded by strong acids. Silver sulfide features a covalent bond, as it is made up of...	Solid	Ag₂S	-31.8
Sodium Sodium Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol Na and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal and is a member of the alkali metals; its only stable isotope is 23Na. It is an abundant element that exists in numerous minerals, most commonly as sodium chloride...
Sodium Carbonate Sodium carbonate Sodium carbonate , Na2CO3 is a sodium salt of carbonic acid. It most commonly occurs as a crystalline heptahydrate, which readily effloresces to form a white powder, the monohydrate. Sodium carbonate is domestically well-known for its everyday use as a water softener. It can be extracted from the...	Solid	Na₂CO₃	-1130.77
Sodium chloride Sodium chloride Sodium chloride, also known as salt, common salt, table salt or halite, is an inorganic compound with the formula NaCl. Sodium chloride is the salt most responsible for the salinity of the ocean and of the extracellular fluid of many multicellular organisms...	Aqueous	NaCl	-407.27
Sodium chloride Sodium chloride Sodium chloride, also known as salt, common salt, table salt or halite, is an inorganic compound with the formula NaCl. Sodium chloride is the salt most responsible for the salinity of the ocean and of the extracellular fluid of many multicellular organisms...	Solid	NaCl	-411.12
Sodium chloride Sodium chloride Sodium chloride, also known as salt, common salt, table salt or halite, is an inorganic compound with the formula NaCl. Sodium chloride is the salt most responsible for the salinity of the ocean and of the extracellular fluid of many multicellular organisms...	Liquid	NaCl	-385.92
Sodium chloride Sodium chloride Sodium chloride, also known as salt, common salt, table salt or halite, is an inorganic compound with the formula NaCl. Sodium chloride is the salt most responsible for the salinity of the ocean and of the extracellular fluid of many multicellular organisms...	Gas	NaCl	-181.42
Sodium Fluoride Sodium fluoride Sodium fluoride is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula NaF. A colorless solid, it is a source of the fluoride ion in diverse applications. Sodium fluoride is less expensive and less hygroscopic than the related salt potassium fluoride....	Solid	NaF	-569.0
Sodium Hydroxide	Aqueous	NaOH	-469.15
Sodium Hydroxide	Solid	NaOH	-69
Sodium nitrate Sodium nitrate Sodium nitrate is the chemical compound with the formula NaNO3. This salt, also known as Chile saltpeter or Peru saltpeter to distinguish it from ordinary saltpeter, potassium nitrate, is a white solid which is very soluble in water...	Aqueous	NaNO₃	-446.2
Sodium nitrate Sodium nitrate Sodium nitrate is the chemical compound with the formula NaNO3. This salt, also known as Chile saltpeter or Peru saltpeter to distinguish it from ordinary saltpeter, potassium nitrate, is a white solid which is very soluble in water...	Solid	NaNO₃	-424.8
Sodium oxide Sodium oxide Sodium oxide is a chemical compound with the formula Na2O. It is used in ceramics and glasses, though not in a raw form. Treatment with water affords sodium hydroxide....	Solid	Na₂O	-414.2
Sulfur Sulfur Sulfur or sulphur is the chemical element with atomic number 16. In the periodic table it is represented by the symbol S. It is an abundant, multivalent non-metal. Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with chemical formula S8. Elemental sulfur is a bright yellow...
Hydrogen Sulfide Hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen sulfide is the chemical compound with the formula . It is a colorless, very poisonous, flammable gas with the characteristic foul odor of expired eggs perceptible at concentrations as low as 0.00047 parts per million...	Gas	H₂S	-20.63
Sulfur Dioxide Sulfur dioxide Sulfur dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula . It is released by volcanoes and in various industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulfur compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide unless the sulfur compounds are removed before burning the fuel...	Gas	SO₂	-296.84
Sulfuric acid Sulfuric acid Sulfuric acid is a strong mineral acid with the molecular formula . Its historical name is oil of vitriol. Pure sulfuric acid is a highly corrosive, colorless, viscous liquid. The salts of sulfuric acid are called sulfates...	Liquid	H₂SO₄	-814
Tin Tin Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn and atomic number 50. It is a main group metal in group 14 of the periodic table. Tin shows chemical similarity to both neighboring group 14 elements, germanium and lead and has two possible oxidation states, +2 and the slightly more stable +4...
Titanium Titanium Titanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ti and atomic number 22. It has a low density and is a strong, lustrous, corrosion-resistant transition metal with a silver color....
Titanium Titanium Titanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ti and atomic number 22. It has a low density and is a strong, lustrous, corrosion-resistant transition metal with a silver color....	Gas	Ti	468
Titanium tetrachloride Titanium tetrachloride Titanium tetrachloride is the inorganic compound with the formula TiCl4. It is an important intermediate in the production of titanium metal and the pigment titanium dioxide. TiCl4 is an unusual example of a metal halide that is highly volatile...	Gas	TiCl₄	-763.2
Titanium tetrachloride Titanium tetrachloride Titanium tetrachloride is the inorganic compound with the formula TiCl4. It is an important intermediate in the production of titanium metal and the pigment titanium dioxide. TiCl4 is an unusual example of a metal halide that is highly volatile...	Liquid	TiCl₄	-804.2
Titanium dioxide Titanium dioxide Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium oxide or titania, is the naturally occurring oxide of titanium, chemical formula . When used as a pigment, it is called titanium white, Pigment White 6, or CI 77891. Generally it comes in two different forms, rutile and anatase. It has a wide range of...	Solid	TiO₂	-944.7
Zinc Zinc Zinc , or spelter , is a metallic chemical element; it has the symbol Zn and atomic number 30. It is the first element in group 12 of the periodic table. Zinc is, in some respects, chemically similar to magnesium, because its ion is of similar size and its only common oxidation state is +2...
Zinc Zinc Zinc , or spelter , is a metallic chemical element; it has the symbol Zn and atomic number 30. It is the first element in group 12 of the periodic table. Zinc is, in some respects, chemically similar to magnesium, because its ion is of similar size and its only common oxidation state is +2...	Gas	Zn	130.7
Zinc Chloride Zinc chloride Zinc chloride is the name of chemical compound with the formula ZnCl2 and its hydrates. Zinc chlorides, of which nine crystalline forms are known, are colorless or white, and are highly soluble in water. ZnCl2 itself is hygroscopic and even deliquescent. Samples should therefore be protected from...	Solid	ZnCl₂	-415.1
Zinc Oxide Zinc oxide Zinc oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula ZnO. It is a white powder that is insoluble in water. The powder is widely used as an additive into numerous materials and products including plastics, ceramics, glass, cement, rubber , lubricants, paints, ointments, adhesives, sealants,...	Solid	ZnO	-348.0
CO2 (aq, unionized)	Aqueous	CO2(aq)	-419.26
HCO3		HCO3	689.93
Carbon trioxide Carbon trioxide Carbon trioxide is an unstable oxide of carbon . Three possible isomers of carbon trioxide, denoted Cs, D3h, and C2v, have been most studied by theoretical methods, and the C2v state has been shown to be the ground state of the molecule.Carbon trioxide should not be confused with the stable...		CO3	-675.23

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