April 1, 1911 (Saturday)

• With the nation in revolt, President
  President of Mexico
  The President of the United Mexican States is the head of state and government of Mexico. Under the Constitution, the president is also the Supreme Commander of the Mexican armed forces...
  
   Porfirio Díaz
  Porfirio Díaz
  José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mori was a Mexican-American War volunteer and French intervention hero, an accomplished general and the President of Mexico continuously from 1876 to 1911, with the exception of a brief term in 1876 when he left Juan N...
  
   of Mexico
  Mexico
  The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
  
   opened the new session of the Congress of Mexico
  Congress of Mexico
  The Congress of the Union is the legislative branch of the Mexican government...
  
  , outlining his plans for reform, including a one-term limit on presidents. The proposals came too late, and Díaz's 25 consecutive years in office ended the following month.
• Tsinghua University
  Tsinghua University
  Tsinghua University , colloquially known in Chinese as Qinghua, is a university in Beijing, China. The school is one of the nine universities of the C9 League. It was established in 1911 under the name "Tsinghua Xuetang" or "Tsinghua College" and was renamed the "Tsinghua School" one year later...
  
   was opened in Beijing
  Beijing
  Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...
  
  , with an enrollment of 468 students, as the Imperial Tsinghua Academy. The 325 enrolled in the "middle division" (zhongdeng ke) were taught by 20 Chinese professors, while 143 students in the advanced division were instructed by Americans.
• United Mine Workers of America President Thomas Lewis
  Thomas Lewis (unionist)
  Thomas L. Lewis was a miner and president of the United Mine Workers of America from 1907 to 1911.He was born in Locust Gap, Pennsylvania, and worked in the mines as a boy. He later helped found the United Mine Workers in 1890....
  
   was defeated in his bid for re-election by John P. White
  John White (unionist)
  John Phillip White was a miner and president of the United Mine Workers of America from 1911 to 1917....
  
  .

April 2, 1911 (Sunday)

• The United Kingdom census was taken, based on two Acts, one for Great Britain and the other for Ireland. "Schedules" with multiple questions were distributed to each household, and collected by enumerators the following day. The final count, released on June 16, was 45,216,665.
• The first Australian National Census
  Census in Australia
  The Australian census is administered once every five years by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. The most recent census was conducted on 9 August 2011; the next will be conducted in 2016. Prior to the introduction of regular censuses in 1961, they had also been run in 1901, 1911, 1921, 1933,...
  
   (as opposed to prior colonial censuses) was taken, with information to be filled out on a "Householder's Card". The final count showed 4,455,005 people.
• British evangelist John Henry Jowett, celebrated at the time as "the greatest preacher in the English-speaking world", began a revival in New York City.

April 3, 1911 (Monday)

• The first performance was given of the Fourth Symphony
  Symphony No. 4 (Sibelius)
  The Symphony No. 4 in A minor, Op. 63, is one of seven completed symphonies composed by Jean Sibelius. Written between 1910 and 1911, it was premiered in Helsinki on 3 April 1911 by the Philharmonia Society, with Sibelius conducting....
  
   of Jean Sibelius
  Jean Sibelius
  Jean Sibelius was a Finnish composer of the later Romantic period whose music played an important role in the formation of the Finnish national identity. His mastery of the orchestra has been described as "prodigious."...
  
  .
• Draft registration became mandatory for all boys aged 14 to 20 in New Zealand.
• An imperial edict was issued in the name of the two year old Emperor of China
  Emperor of China
  The Emperor of China refers to any sovereign of Imperial China reigning between the founding of Qin Dynasty of China, united by the King of Qin in 221 BCE, and the fall of Yuan Shikai's Empire of China in 1916. When referred to as the Son of Heaven , a title that predates the Qin unification, the...
  
  , Puyi
  Puyi
  Puyi , of the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan, was the last Emperor of China, and the twelfth and final ruler of the Qing Dynasty. He ruled as the Xuantong Emperor from 1908 until his abdication on 12 February 1912. From 1 to 12 July 1917 he was briefly restored to the throne as a nominal emperor by the...
  
  , proclaiming him to be supreme commander of the army and appointing his father, Prince Regent
  Zaifeng, 2nd Prince Chun
  The 2nd Prince Chun was born Zaifeng , of the Manchu Aisin-Gioro clan . He was the leader of China between 1908 and 1911, serving as regent for his son Puyi, the Xuantong Emperor.His courtesy name was Yiyun...
  
  , to serve until the Emperor reached a majority.
• President Taft ordered the reassignment of the all-African-American U.S. 9th Cavalry to move them out of San Antonio, where they had been sent to guard the border with Mexico, after the regiment's northern-born soldiers had defied the Texas city's segregation laws. Reportedly, two white streetcar conductors had been beaten up after insisting that the soldiers move to the colored section of the cars. The order was reversed two days later after complaints came from the mayors of cities where the troops were to be moved, including Brownsville, Laredo and Del Rio.

April 4, 1911 (Tuesday)

• As the 62nd United States Congress
  62nd United States Congress
  - House of Representatives :* Democratic : 230 * Republican : 162* Socialist : 1* Independent : 1TOTAL members: 394-Senate:* President: James S...
  
   opened with a Democratic majority in the House, Champ Clark was elected as the new Speaker of the House
  Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
  The Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, or Speaker of the House, is the presiding officer of the United States House of Representatives...
  
  , succeeding Joseph G. Cannon. In a vote along party lines, Clark (D-Mo.) received 217 Democrat votes while James Mann (R-Ill.) received 131 Republican votes. New members took office, including Victor L. Berger
  Victor L. Berger
  Victor Luitpold Berger was a founding member of the Socialist Party of America and an important and influential Socialist journalist who helped establish the so-called Sewer Socialist movement. The first Socialist elected to the U.S...
  
  , the first Socialist Party of America
  Socialist Party of America
  The Socialist Party of America was a multi-tendency democratic-socialist political party in the United States, formed in 1901 by a merger between the three-year-old Social Democratic Party of America and disaffected elements of the Socialist Labor Party which had split from the main organization...
  
   member to ever serve in Congress.
• Ratifications of the Japan
  Japan
  Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
  
  -United States
  United States
  The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
  
   Treaty of Commerce and Navigation were exchanged at the Imperial Palace in Tokyo, as the Emperor Meiji
  Emperor Meiji
  The or was the 122nd emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession, reigning from 3 February 1867 until his death...
  
  , Prime Minister Katsura
  Katsura Taro
  Prince , was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army, politician and three-time Prime Minister of Japan.-Early life:Katsura was born into a samurai family from Hagi, Chōshū Domain...
  
  , and Foreign Minister Komura
  Komura Jutaro
  was a statesman and diplomat in Meiji period Japan.-Biography:Komura was born to a lower-ranking samurai family in service of the Obi clan at Nichinan, Hyuga province . He attended the Daigaku Nankō...
  
   welcomed Ambassador O'Brien. The Emperor's greetings to U.S. President Taft
  William Howard Taft
  William Howard Taft was the 27th President of the United States and later the tenth Chief Justice of the United States...
  
   were cabled by the ambassador, and Taft cabled a reply, with both leaders welcoming the extension of their nations' friendship.
• Born: Grover C. Nash
  Grover C. Nash
  Grover Cleveland Nash of Georgia was the first black pilot to fly the mail for the US Postal Service. He was first issued a pilot's license in 1938 and was a member of the Challenger Air Pilot's Association in Chicago and a founding member of the National Airmen's Association of America.Grover...
  
  , African-American pilot, in Dry Branch, Georgia
  Bibb County, Georgia
  Bibb County is a county located in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of 2000, the population was 153,887. The 2007 Census Estimate shows a population of 154,709...
  
  
• Died: John S. Trower, 61, "reputed to have been the wealthiest negro in the United States" at the time of his death. Trower was born a slave in Virginia, grew up in Germantown, Pennsylvania
  Germantown, Pennsylvania
  Germantown is the name of six places in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, a state in the United States, including a neighborhood in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania:* Germantown, Adams County, Pennsylvania* Germantown, Cambria County, Pennsylvania...
  
  , and left a fortune of $1,500,000 (equivalent to $30,000,000 in 2011) after building a catering business.
• Born: Stella Walsh, Polish athlete who won an Olympic medal in 1932 for the women's 100 meter dash and who was discovered after her death to have been a man—as Stanisława Walasiewicz in Wierzchownia
  Wierzchownia, Lower Silesian Voivodeship
  Wierzchownia is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pęcław, within Głogów County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Prior to 1945 it was in Germany....
  
    (killed 1980); Michael Woodruff
  Michael Woodruff
  Sir Michael Francis Addison Woodruff, FRS, FRCS was an English surgeon and scientist principally remembered for his research into organ transplantation. Though born in London, Woodruff spent his youth in Australia, where he earned degrees in electrical engineering and medicine...
  
  , British surgeon and pioneer in organ transplantation, in London (d. 2001); Pietro di Donato
  Pietro Di Donato
  Pietro Di Donato was an American writer and bricklayer best known for his novel, Christ in Concrete, which recounts of the life and times of his bricklayer father, Geremio, who was killed in 1923 in a building collapse...
  
  , American writer, in West Hoboken, New Jersey
  West Hoboken, New Jersey
  West Hoboken was a municipality that existed in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States, from 1861 to 1925.West Hoboken was originally incorporated as a township by an Act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 28, 1861, from portions of North Bergen Township. The township was reincorporated on...
  
  ; and Freddie Miller
  Freddie Miller (boxer)
  Freddie Miller was an American boxer from Cincinnati, Ohio. Freddie Miller was one of the very best featherweight boxers of the 1930s, and was named to Ring Magazine's list of the 80 Best Fighters of the Last 80 Years....
  
  , American boxer, in Cincinnati

April 5, 1911 (Wednesday)

• In one of the largest union labor demonstrations in the United States to that time, a group of 120,000 employees took the day off and marched in the rain along Fifth Avenue in New York City
  New York City
  New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and...
  
   in a memorial service for the 146 victims of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire
  Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire
  The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in New York City on March 25, 1911, was the deadliest industrial disaster in the history of the city of New York and resulted in the fourth highest loss of life from an industrial accident in U.S. history...
  
   that had happened on March 25
  March 1911
  January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - DecemberThe following events occurred in March 1911:-March 1, 1911 :...
  
  . The procession lasted for three hours and was watched by 400,000 spectators.

April 6, 1911 (Thursday)

• By a vote of 198-135, the U.S. House of Representatives changed its rules to remove much of the power that the Speaker of the House had formerly wielded. Never again would the Speaker have the exclusive right to assign members to committees or to select the chairmen.
• For the first time, the State Council of Imperial Russia
  State Council of Imperial Russia
  The State Council was the supreme state advisory body to the Tsar in Imperial Russia.-18th century:Early Tsars' Councils were small and dealt primarily with the external politics....
  
   approved an interpellation
  Interpellation (politics)
  Interpellation is the formal right of a parliament to submit formal questions to the government. In many parliaments, each individual member of parliament has the right to formally submit questions to a member of government. The respective minister or secretary is then required to respond and to...
  
   resolution criticizing the Tsarist government. The vote was 98-52 in favor of the measure, which rebuked Prime Minister Stolymin's proposal for self-government for Poland.
• Mayor of Baltimore Mahool signed into law an ordinance prohibiting African-Americans from moving into, or establishing businesses, in white neighborhoods.
• Born: Feodor Lynen, German biochemist and 1964 Nobel Laureate, in Munich
  Munich
  Munich The city's motto is "" . Before 2006, it was "Weltstadt mit Herz" . Its native name, , is derived from the Old High German Munichen, meaning "by the monks' place". The city's name derives from the monks of the Benedictine order who founded the city; hence the monk depicted on the city's coat...
  
   (d. 1979)

April 7, 1911 (Friday)

• The U.S. Department of Justice won its first conviction in its prosecution of members of the Black Hand, for extortion and murder (by dynamite) in Chicago
  Chicago
  Chicago is the largest city in the US state of Illinois. With nearly 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the Midwestern United States and the third most populous in the US, after New York City and Los Angeles...
  
  . Under tight security, a federal court jury convicted Gianni Alongi of employing the U.S. mail to send death threats to Garmila Marsala, who operated a butcher shop.
• A fire at the Price-Pancoast Colliery at Throop, Pennsylvania
  Throop, Pennsylvania
  Throop is a borough in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania, adjoining Scranton. Formerly, coal mining and silk manufacturing provided employment for the people of Throop, who numbered 2,204 in 1900 and 5,133 in 1910. In 1940, 7,382 people lived in Throop, Pennsylvania...
  
  , near Scranton, Pennsylvania
  Scranton, Pennsylvania
  Scranton is a city in the northeastern part of Pennsylvania, United States. It is the county seat of Lackawanna County and the largest principal city in the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre metropolitan area. Scranton had a population of 76,089 in 2010, according to the U.S...
  
  , killed 73 coal miners, many of them boys.
• Francisco I. Madero
  Francisco I. Madero
  Francisco Ignacio Madero González was a politician, writer and revolutionary who served as President of Mexico from 1911 to 1913. As a respectable upper-class politician, he supplied a center around which opposition to the dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz could coalesce...
  
  , Pancho Villa
  Pancho Villa
  José Doroteo Arango Arámbula – better known by his pseudonym Francisco Villa or its hypocorism Pancho Villa – was one of the most prominent Mexican Revolutionary generals....
  
   and Pascual Orozco
  Pascual Orozco
  Pascual Orozco Vazquez was a Mexican revolutionary leader who, after the triumph of the Mexican Revolution, rose up against Francisco I...
  
   led an army of 2,500 Mexican rebels on an attack on march toward Ciudad Juarez
  Ciudad Juárez
  Ciudad Juárez , officially known today as Heroica Ciudad Juárez, but abbreviated Juárez and formerly known as El Paso del Norte, is a city and seat of the municipality of Juárez in the Mexican state of Chihuahua. Juárez's estimated population is 1.5 million people. The city lies on the Rio Grande...
  
  .

April 8, 1911 (Saturday)

• Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
  Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
  Heike Kamerlingh Onnes was a Dutch physicist and Nobel laureate. He pioneered refrigeration techniques, and he explored how materials behaved when cooled to nearly absolute zero. He was the first to liquify helium...
  
   discovered superconductivity
  Superconductivity
  Superconductivity is a phenomenon of exactly zero electrical resistance occurring in certain materials below a characteristic temperature. It was discovered by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes on April 8, 1911 in Leiden. Like ferromagnetism and atomic spectral lines, superconductivity is a quantum...
  
   at the Leiden University
  Leiden University
  Leiden University , located in the city of Leiden, is the oldest university in the Netherlands. The university was founded in 1575 by William, Prince of Orange, leader of the Dutch Revolt in the Eighty Years' War. The royal Dutch House of Orange-Nassau and Leiden University still have a close...
  
  , finding that the electrical resistance of the metal mercury
  Mercury (element)
  Mercury is a chemical element with the symbol Hg and atomic number 80. It is also known as quicksilver or hydrargyrum...
  
   completely disappeared at a temperature of 4.15 Kelvin
  Kelvin
  The kelvin is a unit of measurement for temperature. It is one of the seven base units in the International System of Units and is assigned the unit symbol K. The Kelvin scale is an absolute, thermodynamic temperature scale using as its null point absolute zero, the temperature at which all...
  
   (-268.85°C). The exact moment of his finding has been traced to the series of notebooks that he kept at the time, at 4:00 in the afternoon. Presentation of the results was made on April 28.
• An explosion at the Banner Mine of Pratt Consolidated Coal Company, near Littleton, Alabama
  Jefferson County, Alabama
  Jefferson County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Alabama, with its county seat being located in Birmingham.As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the population of Jefferson County was 658,466...
  
  , killed 128 coal miners. All but five of them were African-Americans who had been convicted of minor crimes and were sentenced to hard labor.
• Born: Melvin Calvin
  Melvin Calvin
  Melvin Ellis Calvin was an American chemist most famed for discovering the Calvin cycle along with Andrew Benson and James Bassham, for which he was awarded the 1961 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He spent most of his five-decade career at the University of California, Berkeley.- Life :Calvin was born...
  
  , American chemist and 1961 Nobel laureate, in St. Paul, Minnesota (d. 1997); Emil Cioran
  Emil Cioran
  -Early life:Emil M. Cioran was born in Răşinari, Sibiu County, which was part of Austria-Hungary at the time. His father, Emilian Cioran, was a Romanian Orthodox priest, while his mother, Elvira Cioran , was originally from Veneţia de Jos, a commune near Făgăraş.After studying humanities at the...
  
  , Romanian philosopher, in Răşinari
  Răşinari
  Răşinari is a commune in Sibiu County, Transylvania, Romania. It has a population of 5,645 inhabitants and is composed of two villages, Prislop and Răşinari....
  
  , Austria-Hungary (d. 1995); and Ichiro Fujiyama
  Ichiro Fujiyama
  , born as , was a popular Japanese singer and composer, known for his contribution to Japanese popular music called ryūkōka by his Western classical music skills. He was born in Chūō, Tokyo, and graduated from the Tokyo Music School. Although he was regarded as a tenor singer in Japanese popular...
  
  , Japanese musician, in Tokyo
  Tokyo
  , ; officially , is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan. Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area, and the largest metropolitan area of Japan. It is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, and the home of the Japanese Imperial Family...
  
  

April 9, 1911 (Sunday)

• The Sufi Inayat Khan
  Inayat Khan
  Inayat Khan was an exemplar of Universal Sufism and founder of the "Sufi Order in the West" in 1914 . Later, in 1923, the Sufi Order of the London period was dissolved into a new organization formed under Swiss law and called the "International Sufi Movement"...
  
   introduced the music of India to the West with a recital at the Hindu temple in San Francisco, before going on further international tours.
• A fire in the Yoshiwara
  Yoshiwara
  Yoshiwara was a famous Akasen district in Edo, present-day Tōkyō, Japan.In the early 17th century, there was widespread male and female prostitution throughout the cities of Kyoto, Edo, and Osaka. To counter this, an order of Tokugawa Hidetada of the Tokugawa shogunate restricted prostitution to...
  
   district of Tokyo
  Tokyo
  , ; officially , is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan. Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area, and the largest metropolitan area of Japan. It is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, and the home of the Japanese Imperial Family...
  
  , where geisha
  Geisha
  , Geiko or Geigi are traditional, female Japanese entertainers whose skills include performing various Japanese arts such as classical music and dance.-Terms:...
  
  s were housed for pleasure, killed 300 people, injured 800 and left 6,000 homeless.

April 10, 1911 (Monday)

• By an imperial decree that followed pressure by Chinese petitioners seeking a constitutional government, an "Imperial Cabinet" of Ministers was created to replace the royal family's Grand Council, and Yikuang, Prince Qing
  Yikuang, Prince Qing
  Yikuang, the Prince Qing , was a Manchu prince of the late Qing Dynasty, who was the first premier of China...
  
   was named to the new office of Premier of China. Though still dominated by the Manchu people, who occupied 8 of the 13 cabinet seats, room was made for four Chinese
  Chinese people
  The term Chinese people may refer to any of the following:*People with Han Chinese ethnicity ....
  
   and one Mongol as ministers.
• The "twin paradox
  Twin paradox
  In physics, the twin paradox is a thought experiment in special relativity, in which a twin makes a journey into space in a high-speed rocket and returns home to find he has aged less than his identical twin who stayed on Earth...
  
  " was first proposed, by French physicist Paul Langevin
  Paul Langevin
  Paul Langevin was a prominent French physicist who developed Langevin dynamics and the Langevin equation. He was one of the founders of the Comité de vigilance des intellectuels antifascistes, an antifascist organization created in the wake of the 6 February 1934 far right riots...
  
   --
• The steamer Iroquois capsized in the Strait of Georgia
  Strait of Georgia
  The Strait of Georgia or the Georgia Strait is a strait between Vancouver Island and the mainland coast of British Columbia, Canada. It is approximately long and varies in width from...
  
   between Vancouver Island
  Vancouver Island
  Vancouver Island is a large island in British Columbia, Canada. It is one of several North American locations named after George Vancouver, the British Royal Navy officer who explored the Pacific Northwest coast of North America between 1791 and 1794...
  
   and the rest of British Columbia
  British Columbia
  British Columbia is the westernmost of Canada's provinces and is known for its natural beauty, as reflected in its Latin motto, Splendor sine occasu . Its name was chosen by Queen Victoria in 1858...
  
  , killing 20 people. Eleven others were saved.
• Born: Maurice Schumann
  Maurice Schumann
  Maurice Schumann was a French politician, journalist, writer, and hero of the Second World War who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs under Georges Pompidou in the 1960s and 1970s...
  
  , French foreign minister 1969-73, in Paris
  Paris
  Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
  
   (d. 1998)
• Died: Sam Loyd
  Sam Loyd
  Samuel Loyd , born in Philadelphia and raised in New York, was an American chess player, chess composer, puzzle author, and recreational mathematician....
  
  , 70, known as the "Puzzle King"; Ras Bitwaddad Tesemma, Regent for the Emperor of Ethiopia since 1909; Sir Alfred Comyn Lyall
  Alfred Comyn Lyall
  Sir Alfred Comyn Lyall, GCIE, KCB was a British civil servant, literary historian and poet.-Early life:He was born at Coulsdon in Surrey, the second son of Alfred Lyall and Mary Drummond Broadwood, daughter of James Shudi Broadwood. He was educated at Eton...
  
  , 75, British historian; and Mikalojus Čiurlionis, 35, Lithuanian composer

April 11, 1911 (Tuesday)

• The Senate of France voted 213-62 in favor of a resolution supporting an end to territorial limitations on where the wine champagne could be produced and still be referred to by that name. Upset by the vote wine-growers in the Marne
  Marne
  Marne is a department in north-eastern France named after the river Marne which flows through the department. The prefecture of Marne is Châlons-en-Champagne...
  
   department rioted, burning establishments and dumping thousands of gallons of champagne. Order was restored by the end of the week
• Isaac Harris and Max Blanck, co-owners of the Triangle Waist Company, were indicted for manslaughter for the fire that killed 146 employees, with probable cause based upon the finding of a a bolted door. Blanck and Harris were acquitted following a trial in December. Civil suits against them were settled on March 11, 1913, with payment of 75 dollars apiece to the families of each of the victims.
• Mae West
  Mae West
  Mae West was an American actress, playwright, screenwriter and sex symbol whose entertainment career spanned seven decades....
  
  , 17, married musician Frank Wallace; they separated after a few months, but never divorced, until after Wallace resurfaced in 1935.
• Born: Leon Mandrake
  Leon Mandrake
  Leon Giglio , better known by his stage name Leon Mandrake, was an Italian-American magician, mentalist, illusionist, escapologist, ventriloquist and stunt performer known worldwide as Mandrake the Magician....
  
  , American magician, in New Westminster, British Columbia (d.1993)
• Died: Crazy Snake
  Chitto Harjo
  Chitto Harjo was a leader and orator among the traditionalists in the Muscogee Creek Nation in Indian Territory at the turn of the 20th century. He resisted changes which the US government and local leaders wanted to impose to achieve statehood for what became Oklahoma...
  
  , 64, real name Chito Harjo, Creek Indian warrior who had, on March 27, 1909
  March 1909
  January – February – March – April – May – June – July – August – September – October – November – DecemberThe following events occurred in March, 1909.-March 1, 1909 :...
  
  , led the last American Indian uprising in the Indian Territory, later Oklahoma.

April 12, 1911 (Wednesday)

• On the 50th anniversary of the start of the American Civil War
  Battle of Fort Sumter
  The Battle of Fort Sumter was the bombardment and surrender of Fort Sumter, near Charleston, South Carolina, that started the American Civil War. Following declarations of secession by seven Southern states, South Carolina demanded that the U.S. Army abandon its facilities in Charleston Harbor. On...
  
  , the very first graduate from the flying school of the United States Navy
  United States Navy
  The United States Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. The U.S. Navy is the largest in the world; its battle fleet tonnage is greater than that of the next 13 largest navies combined. The U.S...
  
  , Lt. Theodore G. Ellyson, became "Naval Aviator No. 1".
• Detectives arrested James McNamara and Oscar McNanigal in Detroit after a search of several months. The two had been among those indicted for the Los Angeles Times bombing
  Los Angeles Times bombing
  The Los Angeles Times bombing was the purposeful dynamiting of the Los Angeles Times building in Los Angeles, California, on October 1, 1910 by a union member belonging to the International Association of Bridge and Structural Iron Workers. The explosion started a fire which killed 21 newspaper...
  
  , which had killed 21 people the previous October 1
  October 1910
  January – February – March – April – May – June – July -August – September – October – November – DecemberThe following events occurred in October 1910:-October 1, 1910 :...
  
  . James was carrying a briefcase filled with dynamite when caught. His brother John was nabbed ten days later in Indianapolis
• The shortest major league baseball game ever, the season opener between the visiting Philadelphia Phillies
  Philadelphia Phillies
  The Philadelphia Phillies are a Major League Baseball team. They are the oldest continuous, one-name, one-city franchise in all of professional American sports, dating to 1883. The Phillies are a member of the Eastern Division of Major League Baseball's National League...
  
   at the New York Giants
  San Francisco Giants
  The San Francisco Giants are a Major League Baseball team based in San Francisco, California, playing in the National League West Division....
  
  ' stadium, the Polo Grounds, was completed in 50 minutes with the Phillies winning 2-0. On September 28, 1919, the same two teams would play a game that lasted 51 minutes. The very next day, the Phillies and Giants played an 18 inning game, and the Polo Grounds burned to the ground that night.
• Winsor McCay
  Winsor McCay
  Winsor McCay was an American cartoonist and animator.A prolific artist, McCay's pioneering early animated films far outshone the work of his contemporaries, and set a standard followed by Walt Disney and others in later decades...
  
  's animated short film, based on the Little Nemo
  Little Nemo
  Little Nemo is the main fictional character in a series of weekly comic strips by Winsor McCay that appeared in the New York Herald and William Randolph Hearst's New York American newspapers from October 15, 1905 – April 23, 1911 and April 30, 1911 – July 26, 1914; respectively.The...
  
   comic strip, premiered at Williams' Colonial Theater in New York.
• Pilot Pierre Prier made the first non-stop airplane flight from London to Paris, traveling 290 miles in 4 hours and 8 minutes. 1
• Tornadoes swept through 14 towns in Kansas, Missouri and Oklahoma and killed at least 25 people, destroying all but six of buildings in the town of Bigheart, Oklahoma
  Barnsdall, Oklahoma
  Barnsdall is a city in Osage County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 1,325 at the 2000 census.-History:The town was founded in 1905 and originally named Bigheart, for the Osage Chief James Bigheart. It was initially a 160-acre site along the Midland Valley Railroad in March, 1905...
  
  .

April 13, 1911 (Thursday)

• The U.S. House of Representatives passed the bill for a constitutional amendment requiring direct election of U.S. Senators, 296-16.
• Mexican Revolution
  Mexican Revolution
  The Mexican Revolution was a major armed struggle that started in 1910, with an uprising led by Francisco I. Madero against longtime autocrat Porfirio Díaz. The Revolution was characterized by several socialist, liberal, anarchist, populist, and agrarianist movements. Over time the Revolution...
  
  : Rebels defeated government troops in an attack on the border city of Agua Prieta
  Agua Prieta
  Agua Prieta is a pueblo and municipality in the northeastern corner of the Mexican state of Sonora . It stands on the U.S.–Mexico border, adjacent to the town of Douglas, Arizona, USA. The municipality covers an area of 3,631.65 km²...
  
  , located on the Mexican-U.S. border across from Douglas, Arizona
  Douglas, Arizona
  Douglas is a city in Cochise County, Arizona, United States. Douglas has a border crossing with Mexico and a history of mining.The population was 14,312 at the 2000 census...
  
  . Stray bullets flew across the border, striking buildings "as far north as Fifteenth Street", and killed two Americans, J.C. Edwards and Robert Harrington.
• British film producer Will Barker
  Will Barker
  William George Barker Film producer, Director, Cinematographer and Entrepreneur.He took film-making in Britain from a low budget form of novel entertainment, to the heights of lavishly produced epics that were matched only by Hollywood for quality and style .His early career was that of a...
  
   carried out his agreement for exhibiting the first motion picture of William Shakespeare
  William Shakespeare
  William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon"...
  
  's play, Henry VIII
  Henry VIII (play)
  The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight is a history play by William Shakespeare and John Fletcher, based on the life of Henry VIII of England. An alternative title, All is True, is recorded in contemporary documents, the title Henry VIII not appearing until the play's publication...
  
  , after a six week run in the United Kingdom. Barker had filmed one of the presentations of Sir Herbert Tree's production of the drama, and been allowed to show it to audiences. At Ealing
  Ealing
  Ealing is a suburban area of west London, England and the administrative centre of the London Borough of Ealing. It is located west of Charing Cross and around from the City of London. It is one of the major metropolitan centres identified in the London Plan. It was historically a rural village...
  
  , Barker carried out the burning of all prints of the film.

April 14, 1911 (Friday)

• U.S. President Taft sent a warning to the Mexican government and to insurgent leaders to avoid fighting near the border and to not further endanger the lives of Americans.
• Born: Theodore Romzha
  Theodore Romzha
  Blessed Theodore Romzha was bishop of the Ruthenian Catholic Eparchy of Mukacheve from 1944 to 1947. Assassinated by Stalin's NKVD, he was beatified as a martyr by Pope John Paul II on June 27, 2001.-Early life:...
  
  , Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church bishop who refused to merge his church with the Russian Orthodox, in Zapakartsk and was murdered in 1944.
• Died: Addie Joss
  Addie Joss
  Adrian Joss was a Major League Baseball pitcher. He pitched his entire nine-year baseball career for the Cleveland Bronchos/Naps .-Early life:...
  
  , 31, American baseball pitcher (1.88 lifetime ERA) for the Cleveland Indians, Hall of Famer, of tubercular meningitis; and Sir Henri Elzear Taschereau
  Henri Elzéar Taschereau
  Sir Henri-Elzéar Taschereau, PC was a Canadian jurist and Chief Justice of Canada.He was born in his family's seigneurial manor house at Sainte-Marie-de-la-Beauce, Lower Canada to Pierre-Elzéar Taschereau and Catherine Hénédine Dionne. Tashereau attended the Université Laval and was called to the...
  
  , 74, Chief Justice of Supreme Court of Canada from 1902 to 1906; Denman Thompson
  Denman Thompson
  Henry Denman Thompson was an American playwright and theatre actor.Rufus Thompson, a carpenter, and his wife Anne Hathaway Baxter moved in 1831 from West Swanzey, New Hampshire to Girard, Pennsylvania, where their son Henry Denman Thompson was born...
  
  , 78, American actor; George Eggleston, 72, American novelist

April 15, 1911 (Saturday)

• As a followup to an agreement made on June 6, 1909
  June 1909
  January – February – March – April – May – June – July – August – September – October – November – DecemberThe following events occurred in June 1909.-June 1, 1909 :...
  
  , the $50,000,000 Hukuang loan to China
  China
  Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
  
   by American, British, French and German Bankers was signed at Beijing
  Beijing
  Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...
  
  . The Hukuang loan was held up by Russian and Japanese objections, and never made after the revolution in October.
• Born: Muhammad Metwally Al Shaarawy
  Muhammad Metwally Al Shaarawy
  Muhammad Metwally El-Shaarawy was an Egyptian Muslim jurist. -Early life:El-Shaarawy was born in Dakadous village, Mit Ghamr, Ad Daqahliyah, Egypt on April 15, 1911. He is a descendant of Ali ibn Abi Talib. He got married while he was in elementary school. He has three sons and two...
  
  , Egyptian Muslim evangelist, in Mit Ghamr
  Mit Ghamr
  Mit Ghamr is an Egyptian center producing aluminium accounting for more than 70% of Egypt's total production, especially aluminum utensils...
  
  
• Died: Lady HalléWilma Neruda
  Wilma Neruda
  Wilma Neruda, Lady Hallé, originally Wilhelmine Maria Franziska Neruda was a Moravian violinist.-Biography:...
  
  , 72, Austrian violinist

April 16, 1911 (Sunday)

• Elections, supervised by the United States, were held for the National Assembly of Nicaragua
  National Assembly of Nicaragua
  The National Assembly is the legislative branch of the government of Nicaragua.-Composition:The Nicaraguan legislature is a unicameral body....
  
  . With the assistance of the Army, General Luis Mena
  Luis Mena
  Luis Mena Vado was the President of Nicaragua from 27 to 30 August 1910, after the fall of the government of General José Santos Zelaya. He later became acting President in rebellion. Mena was a conservative, part of the coalition government which also included liberal Juan Jose Estrada and...
  
  , the Minister of War, secured the election of many of his followers to the new legislature.

April 17, 1911 (Monday)

• The record was set for the highest number of immigrants—11,745—being processed in a single day through the U.S. Bureau of Immigration
  Immigration and Naturalization Service
  The United States Immigration and Naturalization Service , now referred to as Legacy INS, ceased to exist under that name on March 1, 2003, when most of its functions were transferred from the Department of Justice to three new components within the newly created Department of Homeland Security, as...
  
   station at Ellis Island
  Ellis Island
  Ellis Island in New York Harbor was the gateway for millions of immigrants to the United States. It was the nation's busiest immigrant inspection station from 1892 until 1954. The island was greatly expanded with landfill between 1892 and 1934. Before that, the much smaller original island was the...
  
  .
• The first public performance of "Alexander's Ragtime Band
  Alexander's Ragtime Band
  "Alexander's Ragtime Band" is the name of a song by Irving Berlin. It was his first major hit, in 1911. There is some evidence, although inconclusive, that Berlin borrowed the melody from a draft of "A Real Slow Drag" submitted by Scott Joplin that had been submitted to a...
  
  " was given, with the Irving Berlin
  Irving Berlin
  Irving Berlin was an American composer and lyricist of Jewish heritage, widely considered one of the greatest songwriters in American history.His first hit song, "Alexander's Ragtime Band", became world famous...
  
   tune being sung by Emma Carus
  Emma Carus
  Emma Carus was a contralto singer from New York who was in the cast of the original Ziegfeld Follies in 1907. Her given name was Emma Carus.She frequently sang invaudeville and sometimes in Broadway features...
  
   as part of the Big Easter Vaudeville Carnival at the American Music Hall in Chicago.
• The city of Palm Beach, Florida
  Palm Beach, Florida
  The Town of Palm Beach is an incorporated town in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. The Intracoastal Waterway separates it from the neighboring cities of West Palm Beach and Lake Worth...
  
  , was incorporated.
• The Spanish steamer San Fernando, on its way from Huelva
  Huelva
  Huelva is a city in southwestern Spain, the capital of the province of Huelva in the autonomous region of Andalusia. It is located along the Gulf of Cadiz coast, at the confluence of the Odiel and Tinto rivers. According to the 2010 census, the city has a population of 149,410 inhabitants. The...
  
   to Liverpool
  Liverpool
  Liverpool is a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England, along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary. It was founded as a borough in 1207 and was granted city status in 1880...
  
  , sank off of Cape Finisterre
  Cape Finisterre
  right|thumb|300px|Position of Cape Finisterre on the [[Iberian Peninsula]]Cape Finisterre is a rock-bound peninsula on the west coast of Galicia, Spain....
  
  . Four people were rescued by the Portimao, but 21 others drowned.

April 18, 1911 (Tuesday)

• In response to a demand by U.S. President Taft, and the implied threat of an American invasion, Mexico's President Diaz informed Ambassador Wilson that his troops would avoid clashes with rebels near the border shared by the two nations. The agreement followed the deaths of two Americans in Douglas, Arizona, from fighting in Agua Prieta. Two days later, Diaz's formal note claimed that Americans had aided the rebels and had allowed shots to be fired from the U.S. side of the border.
• Born: Maurice Goldhaber
  Maurice Goldhaber
  Maurice Goldhaber was an Austrian-born American physicist, who in 1957 established that neutrinos have negative helicity.-Early Life and Childhood:...
  
  , Austrian physicist, in Lemberg (still living); and Huntington Hartford
  Huntington Hartford
  George Huntington Hartford II was an American businessman, philanthropist, filmmaker, and art collector. The heir to the A&P supermarket fortune, he owned Paradise Island in the Bahamas, and had numerous other business and real estate interests over his lifetime including the Oil Shale Corporation...
  
  , American heir and billionaire, in New York City (d. 2008)
• Died: B.V. Matevich-Matsevich, Russian aviator, in a plane crash

April 19, 1911 (Wednesday)

• Ballet dancers Vaslav Nijinsky
  Vaslav Nijinsky
  Vaslav Nijinsky was a Russian ballet dancer and choreographer of Polish descent, cited as the greatest male dancer of the 20th century. He grew to be celebrated for his virtuosity and for the depth and intensity of his characterizations...
  
   and Tamara Karsavina
  Tamara Karsavina
  Tamara Platonovna Karsavina was a famous Russian ballerina, renowned for her beauty, who was most noted as a Principal Artist of the Imperial Russian Ballet and later the Ballets Russes of Serge Diaghilev...
  
   appeared in the first performance of Le Spectre de la Rose
  Le Spectre de la Rose
  Le Spectre de la Rose is a ballet of the Ballets Russes based on a poem by Théophile Gautier. The music, by Carl Maria von Weber, was his 1819 piano piece Invitation to the Dance, in the 1841 orchestration by Hector Berlioz. Choreography was by Michel Fokine and set and costume design by Léon Bakst...
  
  , choreographed by Michel Fokine
  Michel Fokine
  Michel Fokine was a groundbreaking Russian choreographer and dancer.-Biography:...
  
  . Nijinksy, playing the title role, stunned the audience at the Theatre de Monte Carlo with his exit, soaring into the air on wires and out through an open window.
• Performed for the first time on the very same day was Fanny's First Play
  Fanny's First Play
  Fanny's First Play is a 1911 play by G. Bernard Shaw. It was written anonymously, then later discovered to be the work of George Bernard Shaw and produced by the Shubert family. It opened at the Adelphi Theatre at Westminster in London on April 19, 1911 and ran for 622 performances , and second...
  
  , at the Adelphi Theatre
  Adelphi Theatre
  The Adelphi Theatre is a 1500-seat West End theatre, located on the Strand in the City of Westminster. The present building is the fourth on the site. The theatre has specialised in comedy and musical theatre, and today it is a receiving house for a variety of productions, including many musicals...
  
   at Westminster in London. The most successful of George Bernard Shaw
  George Bernard Shaw
  George Bernard Shaw was an Irish playwright and a co-founder of the London School of Economics. Although his first profitable writing was music and literary criticism, in which capacity he wrote many highly articulate pieces of journalism, his main talent was for drama, and he wrote more than 60...
  
  's plays, it was introduced anonymously as it lampooned Shaw's critics.
• Born: Erich Hartmann
  Erich Hartmann
  Erich Alfred Hartmann , nicknamed "Bubi" by his comrades and "The Black Devil" by his Soviet enemies, was a German World War II fighter pilot and is the highest-scoring fighter ace in the history of aerial warfare...
  
  , Germany's greatest flying ace who claimed 352 kills in World War II, in Weissach
  Weissach
  Weissach is a municipality in the district of Böblingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.The Weissach axle is named after the town, where the research centre of Porsche is located....
  
   (d. 1993)

April 20, 1911 (Thursday)

• Guarantees of religious freedom and separation of church and state
  Separation of church and state
  The concept of the separation of church and state refers to the distance in the relationship between organized religion and the nation state....
  
   became law in the Republic of Portugal. The new law also ended the centuries-old provision that the Roman Catholic Church
  Roman Catholic Church
  The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the world's largest Christian church, with over a billion members. Led by the Pope, it defines its mission as spreading the gospel of Jesus Christ, administering the sacraments and exercising charity...
  
   was the state religion
  State religion
  A state religion is a religious body or creed officially endorsed by the state...
  
  , and halted government payment of church expenses.
• Born: Kukrit Pramoj
  Kukrit Pramoj
  Mom Rajawongse Kukrit Pramoj was a Thai politician and scholar. He was Speaker of the House of Representatives of Thailand 1973-1974 and was the thirteenth Prime Minister of Thailand, serving in office from 1975-1976.- Early years:Of royal descent, M.R...
  
  , Prime Minister of Thailand
  Prime Minister of Thailand
  The Prime Minister of Thailand is the head of government of Thailand. The Prime Minister is also the chairman of the Cabinet of Thailand. The post has existed since the Revolution of 1932, when the country became a constitutional monarchy....
  
  , 1975-76 in Bangkok
  Bangkok
  Bangkok is the capital and largest urban area city in Thailand. It is known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon or simply Krung Thep , meaning "city of angels." The full name of Bangkok is Krung Thep Mahanakhon Amon Rattanakosin Mahintharayutthaya Mahadilok Phop Noppharat Ratchathani Burirom...
  
   (d. 1995)

April 21, 1911 (Friday)

• The U.S. House again passed the Canadian reciprocity bill 266-89
• American troops near the Mexican border were ordered to strictly enforce neutrality laws.

April 22, 1911 (Saturday)

• John J. McNamara, Secretary-Treasurer of the International Association of Structural Iron Workers, was arrested along with two other men and charged with murder for the Los Angeles Times bombing
  Los Angeles Times bombing
  The Los Angeles Times bombing was the purposeful dynamiting of the Los Angeles Times building in Los Angeles, California, on October 1, 1910 by a union member belonging to the International Association of Bridge and Structural Iron Workers. The explosion started a fire which killed 21 newspaper...
  
   that killed 21 people. His brother James McNamara escaped a death sentence by pleading guilty and spent the rest of his life in prison, dying 30 years after the October 1
  October 1910
  January – February – March – April – May – June – July -August – September – October – November – DecemberThe following events occurred in October 1910:-October 1, 1910 :...
  
   bombing, on March 8, 1941. John McNamara was released in 1921, and died two months later.
• The collapse of a railroad bridge at the Cape Colony
  Cape Colony
  The Cape Colony, part of modern South Africa, was established by the Dutch East India Company in 1652, with the founding of Cape Town. It was subsequently occupied by the British in 1795 when the Netherlands were occupied by revolutionary France, so that the French revolutionaries could not take...
  
   caused a train to fall into a deep gorge, killing 20 people.
• Edwin Blatt, Lawrence Converse and Brown, who had been jailed two months earlier for aiding the rebellion, were released by order of President Diaz.
• Minnesota
  Minnesota
  Minnesota is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern United States. The twelfth largest state of the U.S., it is the twenty-first most populous, with 5.3 million residents. Minnesota was carved out of the eastern half of the Minnesota Territory and admitted to the Union as the thirty-second state...
  
   abolished the death penalty, as Governor Adolph O. Eberhart signed a bill making first degree murder punishable by life in prison.
• Zapata of Mexico By Peter E. Newell p42
• Died: John Passmore Edwards
  John Passmore Edwards
  John Passmore Edwards was a British journalist, newspaper owner and philanthropist. The son of a carpenter, he was born in Blackwater, a small village between Redruth and Truro in Cornwall, United Kingdom.-Biography:...
  
  , 88, English philanthropist and peace activist

April 23, 1911 (Sunday)

• Elections were held for the first time in Monaco
• General Charles-Emile Moinier March of the French on Fez French military rule in Morocco: colonialism and its consequences By Moshe Gershovich p55
• Born: Ronald Neame
  Ronald Neame
  Ronald Elwin Neame CBE, BSC was an English film cinematographer, producer, screenwriter and director.-Early career:...
  
  , British film director, in London

April 24, 1911 (Monday)

• Former Dominican Republic President Carlos Felipe Morales
  Carlos Felipe Morales
  Carlos Felipe Morales Languasco was a Dominican priest, politician and military figure. He was born in Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic on August 23, 1868. He served as Governor of Puerto Plata during the presidency of Alejandro Woss y Gil to whom he led a coup on November 23, 1903...
  
  , along with his vice-president and a general, were arrested by American officials in Puerto Rico and charged with conspiracy to overthrow the Dominican government.
• A copy of the Gutenberg Bible
  Gutenberg Bible
  The Gutenberg Bible was the first major book printed with a movable type printing press, and marked the start of the "Gutenberg Revolution" and the age of the printed book. Widely praised for its high aesthetic and artistic qualities, the book has an iconic status...
  
  , part of the vast collection of the late Robert Hoe
  Robert Hoe
  Robert Hoe was born in Leicestershire, England. He was indentured to a joiner, in 1802 emigrated to the United States, worked for a time as a master carpenter, and subsequently was an associate of his brothers-in-law, Peter and Matthew Smith, in the business of carpentry and in the manufacture of...
  
  , was auctioned in New York City for $50,000 as George D. Smith, acting as agent for Henry E. Huntington, outbid Joseph E. Widener.
• Born: Dr. Irene Sanger-Bredt, German rocket scientist, in Bonn
  Bonn
  Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany. Located in the Cologne/Bonn Region, about 25 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, it was the capital of West Germany from 1949 to 1990 and the official seat of government of united Germany from 1990 to 1999....
  
  

April 25, 1911 (Tuesday)

• A ceasefire was declared in Mexico between federal and insurgent troops as President Diaz and General Madero agreed to negotiate a settlement. Peace reigned for 11 days before the talks broke off on May 6.
• Died: Dr. Charles Wertheimer, 60. British art collector; and Emilio Salgari
  Emilio Salgari
  Emilio Salgari was an Italian writer of action adventure swashbucklers and a pioneer of science fiction.For over a century, his novels were mandatory reading for generations of youth eager for exotic adventures. In Italy, his extensive body of work was more widely read than that of Dante. Today...
  
  , 48, Italian novelist

April 26, 1911 (Wednesday)

• By a 60-40 majority, Australian voters rejected referenda proposals to give the Commonwealth government greater power.
• The town of Goldsboro, Florida, was abolished by the state legislature after the nearby city of Sanford had failed to secure its annexation. The two cities were then replaced by a newly chartered Sanford, Florida
  Sanford, Florida
  Sanford is a city in, and the county seat of, Seminole County, Florida, United States. The population was 38,291 at the 2000 census. As of 2009, the population recorded by the U.S. Census Bureau was 50,998...
  
  
• The town of Craig, Iowa
  Craig, Iowa
  Craig is a city in Plymouth County, Iowa, United States. The population was 102 at the 2000 census.The town of Craig, Iowa was incorporated in Plymouth County on April 26, 1911.-Geography:Craig is located at ....
  
   was incorporated in Plymouth County
  Plymouth County, Iowa
  Plymouth County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. The population was 24,986 in the 2010 census, an increase from 24,849 in the 2000 census. The county seat is Le Mars...
  
   Tom Savage, A Dictionary of Iowa Place-Names p64
• Died: The Reverend Peter Steenstra, 78, American theologian, and Pedro A. Paterno, 53, Philippine revolutionary and Prime Minister (May to November 1899) of the first Philippine Republic

April 27, 1911 (Thursday)

• Huanghuagang Uprising: An insurrection broke out in Canton (Guangzhou
  Guangzhou
  Guangzhou , known historically as Canton or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of the Guangdong province in the People's Republic of China. Located in southern China on the Pearl River, about north-northwest of Hong Kong, Guangzhou is a key national transportation hub and trading port...
  
  )Canton, and rebels captured five Chinese villages in an attempt to challenge the Imperial government. The persons who died in the attempt are celebrated as "the 72 Martyrs". Michael Dillon, China: A Modern History (I.B.Tauris, 2010) p141; Wu Yuzhang, Recollections of the Revolution of 1911: A Great Democratic Revolution of China (Minerva Group, Inc., 2001) pp20–21
• Freshman Congressman Victor L. Berger
  Victor L. Berger
  Victor Luitpold Berger was a founding member of the Socialist Party of America and an important and influential Socialist journalist who helped establish the so-called Sewer Socialist movement. The first Socialist elected to the U.S...
  
  , Socialist from Wisconsin, introduced a resolution to amend Article I of the United States Constitution in order to abolish the United States Senate
  United States Senate
  The United States Senate is the upper house of the bicameral legislature of the United States, and together with the United States House of Representatives comprises the United States Congress. The composition and powers of the Senate are established in Article One of the U.S. Constitution. Each...
  
  . "The idea that the Senate would concur in passing this joint resolution caused a merry laugh wherever it was discussed," noted the New York Times.
• France
  France
  The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
  
   notified parties to the Algeciras convention
  Algeciras Conference
  The Algeciras Conference of 1906 took place in Algeciras, Spain, and lasted from January 16 to April 7. The purpose of the conference was to find a solution to the First Moroccan Crisis between France and Germany, which arose as Germany attempted to prevent France from establishing a protectorate...
  
   that it would intervene in Morocco
  Morocco
  Morocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country located in North Africa. It has a population of more than 32 million and an area of 710,850 km², and also primarily administers the disputed region of the Western Sahara...
  
   to protect foreigners in Fes
  Fes
  Fes or Fez is the second largest city of Morocco, after Casablanca, with a population of approximately 1 million . It is the capital of the Fès-Boulemane region....
  
  .

April 28, 1911 (Friday)

• The world of physics first learned of the principle of superconductivity
  Superconductivity
  Superconductivity is a phenomenon of exactly zero electrical resistance occurring in certain materials below a characteristic temperature. It was discovered by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes on April 8, 1911 in Leiden. Like ferromagnetism and atomic spectral lines, superconductivity is a quantum...
  
   as H. Kamerlingh Onnes presented his findings to the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
  Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
  The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences is an organisation dedicated to the advancement of science and literature in the Netherlands...
  
   in the paper, "De weerstand van zuiver kwik bij heliumtemperaturen" ("The resistance of pure mercury at helium temperatures").

April 29, 1911 (Saturday)

• Thirty-two residents with property along the shores of the Severn River
  Severn River (Maryland)
  The Severn River runs through Anne Arundel County in the U.S. state of Maryland. It is located south of the Magothy River, and north of the South River.-Geography:...
  
   in Maryland
  Maryland
  Maryland is a U.S. state located in the Mid Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east...
  
   came together in Annapolis
  Annapolis, Maryland
  Annapolis is the capital of the U.S. state of Maryland, as well as the county seat of Anne Arundel County. It had a population of 38,394 at the 2010 census and is situated on the Chesapeake Bay at the mouth of the Severn River, south of Baltimore and about east of Washington, D.C. Annapolis is...
  
   to form the Severn River Association (SRA). Their original purpose was to protect and promote fish and game, and to develop reasonable means of public access to the river. Today, the SRA is the oldest organization in the country dedicated to the preservation of a river, and one of the largest civic groups in Anne Arundel County
  Anne Arundel County, Maryland
  Anne Arundel County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. It is named for Anne Arundell , a member of the ancient family of Arundells in Cornwall, England and the wife of Cæcilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore. Its county seat is Annapolis, which is also the capital of the state...
  
  , with over seventy communities represented.
• A train transporting 160 schoolteachers and their friends from Utica
  Utica, New York
  Utica is a city in and the county seat of Oneida County, New York, United States. The population was 62,235 at the 2010 census, an increase of 2.6% from the 2000 census....
  
  , Syracuse
  Syracuse, New York
  Syracuse is a city in and the county seat of Onondaga County, New York, United States, the largest U.S. city with the name "Syracuse", and the fifth most populous city in the state. At the 2010 census, the city population was 145,170, and its metropolitan area had a population of 742,603...
  
  , and Waterville, New York
  Waterville, New York
  Waterville is a village in Oneida County, New York, United States. According to the 2000 census, its population was 1,721.-Geography:Waterville is located at ....
  
  , to Washington, D.C.
  Washington, D.C.
  Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, "the District", or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States. On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a permanent national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution....
  
  , derailed near Easton, Pennsylvania
  Easton, Pennsylvania
  Easton is a city in Northampton County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 26,800 as of the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Northampton County....
  
  . Seven teachers, all from Utica, died when the train plunged down and embankment and cars burst into flames, and four railroad employees were killed.
• Born: Sri Mahendranath, tantric teacher, as Lawrence Amos Miles in London (d. 1991)
• Died: Georg, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe, 64, who, since 1893, had ruled the German principality from his palace at Bückeburg
  Bückeburg
  Bückeburg is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany, on the border with North Rhine Westphalia. It was once the capital of the tiny principality of Schaumburg-Lippe and is today located in the district of Schaumburg close to the northern slopes of the Weserbergland ridge...
  
   in what is now the Niedersachsen state of Germany. His son took the title of Prince Adolf II and ruled until Germany lost World War I.

April 30, 1911 (Sunday)

• Jascha Heifetz
  Jascha Heifetz
  Jascha Heifetz was a violinist, born in Vilnius, then Russian Empire, now Lithuania. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest violinists of all time.- Early life :...
  
  , a ten year old violin prodigy, made his debut at a concert in Saint Petersburg
  Saint Petersburg
  Saint Petersburg is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea...
  
  .
• One-third of the city of Bangor, Maine, was destroyed by a fire. Thousands of people were left homeless.
• Died: Stanisław Brzozowski, 32, Polish philosopher