January 1, 1911 (Sunday)

• The Australian Capital Territory
  Australian Capital Territory
  The Australian Capital Territory, often abbreviated ACT, is the capital territory of the Commonwealth of Australia and is the smallest self-governing internal territory...
  
   officially came into existence, and the Northern Territory
  Northern Territory
  The Northern Territory is a federal territory of Australia, occupying much of the centre of the mainland continent, as well as the central northern regions...
  
   was politically separated from South Australia
  South Australia
  South Australia is a state of Australia in the southern central part of the country. It covers some of the most arid parts of the continent; with a total land area of , it is the fourth largest of Australia's six states and two territories.South Australia shares borders with all of the mainland...
  
   and transferred to Commonwealth control.
• General Juan Jose Estrada was inaugurated s the new President of Nicaragua
  President of Nicaragua
  The position of President of Nicaragua was created in the Constitution of 1854. From 1825 until the Constitution of 1838 the title of the position was known as Head of State and from 1838 to 1854 as Supreme Director .-Heads of State of Nicaragua within the Federal Republic of Central America...
  
  
• The Evangeline Parish, Louisiana
  Evangeline Parish, Louisiana
  -Demographics:As of the census of 2000, there were 35,434 people, 12,736 households, and 9,157 families residing in the parish. The population density was 53 people per square mile . There were 14,258 housing units at an average density of 22 per square mile...
  
  , was created, after being separated from the Parish of St. Landry
  St. Landry Parish, Louisiana
  St. Landry Parish is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. It is at the heart of Acadian/Cajun culture and heritage in Louisiana. The parish seat is Opelousas. According to the 2010 census, the population of St. Landry Parish is 83,384.St...
  
  .
• Under 38 U.S.C. 2301, a medal for Mexican Border Service could be awarded for any U.S. soldier who served between January 1, 1911, and April 5, 1917.
• Stamps were first issued for the Gilbert and Ellice Islands
  Gilbert and Ellice Islands
  The Gilbert and Ellice Islands were a British protectorate from 1892 and colony from 1916 until 1 January 1976, when the islands were divided into two different colonies which became independent nations shortly after...
  
  , now the nations of Kiribati
  Kiribati
  Kiribati , officially the Republic of Kiribati, is an island nation located in the central tropical Pacific Ocean. The permanent population exceeds just over 100,000 , and is composed of 32 atolls and one raised coral island, dispersed over 3.5 million square kilometres, straddling the...
  
   and Tuvalu
  Tuvalu
  Tuvalu , formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia. Its nearest neighbours are Kiribati, Nauru, Samoa and Fiji. It comprises four reef islands and five true atolls...
  
  .
• The magazine Barton's Boys' Life, which would later become Boys' Life
  Boys' Life
  Boys' Life is the monthly magazine of the Boy Scouts of America . Its targeted readership is young American males between the ages of 6 and 18.Boys' Life is published in two demographic editions...
  
  and the official Boy Scouts of America
  Boy Scouts of America
  The Boy Scouts of America is one of the largest youth organizations in the United States, with over 4.5 million youth members in its age-related divisions...
  
   magazine, was first published.
• Toccoa Falls College
  Toccoa Falls College
  Toccoa Falls College is a fully accredited, Christian liberal arts, bible college, located in Toccoa, Georgia, on the edge of the Piedmont region and in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains. The campus occupies , bordering the Chattahoochee National Forest and is home to Toccoa Falls a high...
  
   was created in Toccoa, Georgia
  Toccoa, Georgia
  Toccoa is a city in Stephens County, Georgia, United States located approximately from Athens and approximately northeast of Atlanta. The population was 9,323 at the 2000 census...
  
  , after being relocated from North Carolina
  North Carolina
  North Carolina is a state located in the southeastern United States. The state borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west and Virginia to the north. North Carolina contains 100 counties. Its capital is Raleigh, and its largest city is Charlotte...
  
  , where it had been the Golden Valley Institute.
• Born: Roman Totenberg
  Roman Totenberg
  Roman Totenberg is a Polish-American violinist and educator.He is the father of National Public Radio journalist Nina Totenberg...
  
  , Polish-American violinist; and Hank Greenberg
  Hank Greenberg
  Henry Benjamin "Hank" Greenberg , nicknamed "Hammerin' Hank" or "The Hebrew Hammer," was an American professional baseball player in the 1930s and 1940s. A first baseman primarily for the Detroit Tigers, Greenberg was one of the premier power hitters of his generation...
  
  , American baseball player (d. 1986)

January 2, 1911 (Monday)

• The National Council of the Boy Scouts of America
  Boy Scouts of America
  The Boy Scouts of America is one of the largest youth organizations in the United States, with over 4.5 million youth members in its age-related divisions...
  
   was established at 200 Fifth Avenue in New York, with seven employees.
• Manuel Bonilla
  Manuel Bonilla
  General Manuel Bonilla Chirinos was President of Honduras from 13 April 1903 to 25 February 1907, and again from 1 February 1912 till 21 March 1913....
  
   declared his intention to return to his former post as President of Honduras
  President of Honduras
  This page lists the Presidents of Honduras.Colonial Honduras declared its independence from Spain on 15 September 1821. From 5 January 1822 to 1 July 1823, Honduras was part of the First Mexican Empire of Agustín de Iturbide....
  
   after he and his forces landed on that nation's Atlantic coast, near Puerto Cortez. From the capital at Tegucigalpa
  Tegucigalpa
  Tegucigalpa , and commonly referred as Tegus , is the capital of Honduras and seat of government of the Republic, along with its twin sister Comayagüela. Founded on September 29, 1578 by the Spanish, it became the country's capital on October 30, 1880 under President Marco Aurelio Soto...
  
  , President Miguel R. Dávila
  Miguel R. Dávila
  General Miguel Rafael Dávila Cuellar was President of Honduras between 18 April 1907 and 28 March 1911. He occupied various posts in the government of Policarpo Bonilla, before becoming President himself. He died in Honduras on 11 October 1927....
  
   cabled instructions to seek American aid in resisting the attack.
• Born: Ray R. Myers, "the world famous armless musician", in Lancaster, PA (d. 1986)

January 3, 1911 (Tuesday)

• In the Siege of Sidney Street
  Siege of Sidney Street
  The Siege of Sidney Street, popularly known as the "Battle of Stepney", was a notorious gunfight in London's East End on the 2nd of January 1911. Preceded by the Houndsditch Murders, it ended with the deaths of two members of a supposedly politically-motivated gang of burglars supposedly led by...
  
  , 1,500 members of the Metropolitan Police
  Metropolitan Police Service
  The Metropolitan Police Service is the territorial police force responsible for Greater London, excluding the "square mile" of the City of London which is the responsibility of the City of London Police...
  
   and the Scots Guards
  Scots Guards
  The Scots Guards is a regiment of the Guards Division of the British Army, whose origins lie in the personal bodyguard of King Charles I of England and Scotland...
  
   fought a gunbattle with a trio of anarchists who had killed three police officers earlier. When the building caught fire, two of the men burned to death. Their leader, Peter Piaktow, alias Peter the Painter
  Peter the Painter
  Peter the Painter, also known as Peter Piaktow , was the leader of a gang of Latvian revolutionary criminals in the early 20th Century. After supposedly fighting in and escaping the Sidney Street Siege in 1911, he became an anti-hero in London's East End...
  
  , escaped and was never caught.
• Nearly 13 years after its destruction in Havana Harbor, the battleship USS Maine
  USS Maine (ACR-1)
  USS Maine was the United States Navy's second commissioned pre-dreadnought battleship, although she was originally classified as an armored cruiser. She is best known for her catastrophic loss in Havana harbor. Maine had been sent to Havana, Cuba to protect U.S. interests during the Cuban revolt...
  
   was dredged to remove the remains of the sailors on board.
• The U.S. Postal Savings System
  Postal savings system
  Many nations' post offices operated or continue to operate postal savings systems to provide depositors who do not have access to banks a safe, convenient method to save money and to promote saving among the poor.-Great Britain:...
  
  , with 48 branches, one for each of the 46 states plus the territories of Arizona and New Mexico, formally began business.
• A truce was made between the two rival tongs of New York's Chinatown, with the Hip Sing and the On Leong
  On Leong Tong
  The On Leong Chinese Merchants Association or simply Chinese Merchants Association, formerly known as the On Leong Tong , was a tong society operating out of its territory in Mott Street in New York's Chinatown. Established in November, 1893, the tong fought a violent war for control of...
  
   gangs hosting each other for banquets, then participating in a ceremony as the 100 men in each group cut off their queues
  Queue (hairstyle)
  The queue or cue is a hairstyle in which the hair is worn long and gathered up into a ponytail. It was worn traditionally by certain Native American groups and the Manchu of Manchuria.-Manchu Queue:...
  
   simultaneously. The truce would last for only one year, before the Hip Sing leader was murdered.
• Born: John Sturges
  John Sturges
  John Eliot Sturges was an American film director. His movies include Bad Day at Black Rock , Gunfight at the O.K. Corral , The Magnificent Seven , The Great Escape and Ice Station Zebra .-Career:He started his career in Hollywood as an editor in 1932...
  
  , American film director (d. 1982); and Joseph L. Rauh, Jr.
  Joseph L. Rauh, Jr.
  Joseph L. Rauh, Jr. was one of the United States' foremost civil rights and civil liberties lawyers. He was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian honor, by President Bill Clinton on November 30, 1993.-Early life:Rauh was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, the...
  
  , founder of Americans for Democratic Action
  Americans for Democratic Action
  Americans for Democratic Action is an American political organization advocating progressive policies. ADA works for social and economic justice through lobbying, grassroots organizing, research and supporting progressive candidates.-History:...
  
  , in Cincinnati (d. 1992)

January 4, 1911 (Wednesday)

• 1911 Kebin earthquake: An earthquake
  Earthquake
  An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. The seismicity, seismism or seismic activity of an area refers to the frequency, type and size of earthquakes experienced over a period of time...
  
   of 7.7 magnitude struck near Almaty
  Almaty
  Almaty , also known by its former names Verny and Alma-Ata , is the former capital of Kazakhstan and the nation's largest city, with a population of 1,348,500...
  
   in the Russian Empire
  Russian Empire
  The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
  
  , with destruction in what is now Kazakhstan
  Kazakhstan
  Kazakhstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of is greater than Western Europe...
  
   and Turkestan
  Turkestan
  Turkestan, spelled also as Turkistan, literally means "Land of the Turks".The term Turkestan is of Persian origin and has never been in use to denote a single nation. It was first used by Persian geographers to describe the place of Turkish peoples...
  
  , and killing 450 or more people.
• The British Antarctic Expedition, led by Robert Falcon Scott
  Robert Falcon Scott
  Captain Robert Falcon Scott, CVO was a Royal Navy officer and explorer who led two expeditions to the Antarctic regions: the Discovery Expedition, 1901–04, and the ill-fated Terra Nova Expedition, 1910–13...
  
  , accompanied by the crew of the Terra Nova
  Terra Nova (ship)
  The Terra Nova was built in 1884 for the Dundee whaling and sealing fleet. She worked for 10 years in the annual seal fishery in the Labrador Sea, proving her worth for many years before she was called upon for expedition work.Terra Nova was ideally suited to the polar regions...
  
   reached Antarctica, landing at Cape Evans
  Cape Evans
  Cape Evans is a rocky cape on the west side of Ross Island, forming the north side of the entrance to Erebus Bay.The cape was discovered by the Discovery expedition under Robert Falcon Scott, who named it the Skuary. Scott's second expedition, the British Antarctic Expedition , built its...
  
  , and prepared for an expedition to the South Pole that would begin on November 1.
• Born: Izzy Leon
  Izzy Leon
  Isidoro León Becerra was a Major League Baseball pitcher who played for the Philadelphia Phillies in 1945. The 34-year-old rookie was a native of Cruces, Cuba....
  
  , light-skinned Cuban baseball player who pitched for the Philadelphia Phillies
  Philadelphia Phillies
  The Philadelphia Phillies are a Major League Baseball team. They are the oldest continuous, one-name, one-city franchise in all of professional American sports, dating to 1883. The Phillies are a member of the Eastern Division of Major League Baseball's National League...
  
   in 1945, after first playing in the Negro Leagues (1944–48), in Cruces, Cuba
• Died: Stephen B. Elkins, 69, former U.S. Secretary of State and incumbent U.S. Senator from West Virginia.; and Charlotte E. Ray
  Charlotte E. Ray
  Charlotte E. Ray was the first black woman lawyer. Ray was born in New York City where her father the Reverend Charles Bennett Ray was a prominent abolitionist. During her childhood she attended the Institution for the Education of Colored Youth in Washington, D.C. which was one of the few...
  
  , 60, first female African-American lawyer

January 5, 1911 (Thursday)

• The African-American fraternity Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity
  Kappa Alpha Psi
  Kappa Alpha Psi is a collegiate Greek-letter fraternity with a predominantly African American membership. Since the fraternity's founding on January 5, 1911 at Indiana University Bloomington, the fraternity has never limited membership based on color, creed or national origin...
  
   was founded, with the first chapter at Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana
  Bloomington, Indiana
  Bloomington is a city in and the county seat of Monroe County in the southern region of the U.S. state of Indiana. The population was 80,405 at the 2010 census....
  
  . The organization now has 700 chapters and 150,000 members worldwide.
• White burley tobacco growers from Kentucky, Virginia and North Carolina met at Lexington, Kentucky
  Lexington, Kentucky
  Lexington is the second-largest city in Kentucky and the 63rd largest in the US. Known as the "Thoroughbred City" and the "Horse Capital of the World", it is located in the heart of Kentucky's Bluegrass region...
  
  , and agreed not to plant a crop in 1911.
• The town of Zillah, Washington
  Zillah, Washington
  Zillah is a city in Yakima County, Washington, United States with a population of 2,964 at the 2010 census.-History:Zillah was founded in 1891 following the completion of the Sunnyside Canal project, an irrigation scheme delivering water from the Yakima River to the arid lower Yakima Valley. Walter...
  
  , was incorporated.
• Born: Jean-Pierre Aumont
  Jean-Pierre Aumont
  -Early life:Aumont was born Jean-Pierre Philippe Salomons in Paris, the son of Suzanne and Alexandre Salomons, owner of La Maison du Blanc . His mother's uncle was well-known stage actor Georges Berr. His father was from a Dutch Jewish family and his mother's family were French Jews...
  
  , French actor (d. 2001)

January 6, 1911 (Friday)

• U.S. President Taft
  William Howard Taft
  William Howard Taft was the 27th President of the United States and later the tenth Chief Justice of the United States...
  
   refused to grant a pardon to H.S. Harlan, a wealthy lumber and turpentine factory manager convicted of labor violations, and signaled that he would not keep white collar criminals from serving prison time. "Fines are not effective against men of wealth," Taft wrote, adding that to relieve "men of large affairs and business standing" from incarceration "would be to break down the authority of the law with those of power and influence... What is worse, it would give real ground for the contention so often heard that it is only the poor criminals who are really punished."
• Died: Sir John Aird
  John Aird (engineer)
  Sir John Aird, 1st Baronet was a notable English civil engineering contractor of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He is the Great Grandfather of Ollie Parkes...
  
  , 77, architect of the Aswan Dam
  Aswan Dam
  The Aswan Dam is an embankment dam situated across the Nile River in Aswan, Egypt. Since the 1950s, the name commonly refers to the High Dam, which is larger and newer than the Aswan Low Dam, which was first completed in 1902...
  
  ; George Walker
  George Walker (vaudeville)
  George Walker was an African American vaudevillian. In 1893, in San Francisco, Walker met Bert Williams, who became his performing partner. Walker and Williams appeared in The Gold Bug , Clorindy , The Policy Player , Sons of Ham , In Dahomey , Abyssinia , and Bandanna Land...
  
  , African-American comedian, 38.

January 7, 1911 (Saturday)

• The world's first downhill skiing race was held, taking place at Crans-Montana
  Crans-Montana
  Crans-Montana is a ski resort in western Switzerland, in the heart of the Swiss Alps in the canton of Valais. It is located on a plateau above Sierre at an elevation of about 1500 m above sea level, allowing good view over the Valais Alps and Weisshorn in particular...
  
   in the Alps of Switzerland
  Switzerland
  Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
  
  . Lord Roberts of Kandahar
  Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts
  Field Marshal Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts, Bt, VC, KG, KP, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCIE, KStJ, PC was a distinguished Indian born British soldier who regarded himself as Anglo-Irish and one of the most successful British commanders of the 19th century.-Early life:Born at Cawnpore, India, on...
  
  , British was hero, sponsored the trophy, the Roberts of Kandahar Challenge Cup. Twenty competitors climbed to a hut at the Plaine Morte glacier and then made the 4,000 foot descent. Cecil Hopkinson of Britain was the first winner.
• Monaco
  Monaco
  Monaco , officially the Principality of Monaco , is a sovereign city state on the French Riviera. It is bordered on three sides by its neighbour, France, and its centre is about from Italy. Its area is with a population of 35,986 as of 2011 and is the most densely populated country in the...
  
  's Prince Albert I
  Albert I, Prince of Monaco
  Albert I was Prince of Monaco and Duke of Valentinois from 10 September 1889 until his death.-Early life:...
  
   promulgated that nation's first constitution in response to protests against the absolute monarchy in the tiny European principality.

January 8, 1911 (Sunday)

• The Australasian Antarctic Expedition
  Australasian Antarctic Expedition
  The Australasian Antarctic Expedition was an Australasian scientific team that explored part of Antarctica between 1911 and 1914. It was led by the Australian geologist Douglas Mawson, who was knighted for his achievements in leading the expedition. In 1910 he began to plan an expedition to chart...
  
  , led by Douglas Mawson
  Douglas Mawson
  Sir Douglas Mawson, OBE, FRS, FAA was an Australian geologist, Antarctic explorer and Academic. Along with Roald Amundsen, Robert Falcon Scott, and Ernest Shackleton, Mawson was a key expedition leader during the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration.-Early work:He was appointed geologist to an...
  
  , commander of the Aurora, arrived at Cape Denison
  Cape Denison
  Cape Denison is a rocky point at the head of Commonwealth Bay in Antarctica. It was discovered in 1912 by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition under Douglas Mawson, who named it for Sir Hugh Denison of Sydney, a patron of the expedition...
  
   and encountered constantly blowing winds that dogged the group throughout its journey. Unlike Roald Amundsen and Robert F. Scott, Mawson sought to explore the Antarctic continent closest to Australia
  Australia
  Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
  
  .
• Born: Butterfly McQueen
  Butterfly McQueen
  Thelma "Butterfly" McQueen was an American actress. Originally a dancer, the 28-year-old McQueen first appeared as Prissy, Scarlett O'Hara's maid in the 1939 film Gone with the Wind, then continued as an actress in film in the 1940s, then moving to television acting in the 1950s .-Early life:Born...
  
  , American actress, as Thelma McQueen, in Tampa
  Tâmpa
  Tâmpa may refer to several villages in Romania:* Tâmpa, a village in Băcia Commune, Hunedoara County* Tâmpa, a village in Miercurea Nirajului, Mureş County* Tâmpa, a mountain in Braşov city...
  
    (d.1995); and Gypsy Rose Lee
  Gypsy Rose Lee
  Gypsy Rose Lee was an American burlesque entertainer famous for her striptease act. She was also an actress, author, and playwright whose 1957 memoir was made into the stage musical and film Gypsy.-Early life:...
  
  , American striptease entertainer, as Rose Louise Hovick in Seattle (d. 1970)

January 9, 1911 (Monday)

• A panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals reversed a federal court decision that had granted inventor George B. Selden an exclusive patent for the automobile. Henry Ford
  Henry Ford
  Henry Ford was an American industrialist, the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production. His introduction of the Model T automobile revolutionized transportation and American industry...
  
  , who had been sued for damages in the form of royalties owed to Selden's Association of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers
  Association of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers
  The Association of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers , originally the Manufacturer's Mutual Association , was an organization originally formed to challenge the litigation of the fledgling automobile industry by George B. Selden and the Electric Vehicle Company. Ultimately, the organization took...
  
   (ALAM) had lost to Selden in September. Ford posted a $350,000 bond to fight the appeal and the Court ruled that Selden's patent was limited. Victorious, Ford was cleared to create the nation's largest automobile company.

January 10, 1911 (Tuesday)

• The fastest recorded temperature drop in meteorological history took place in Rapid City, South Dakota
  Rapid City, South Dakota
  Rapid City is the second-largest city in the U.S. state of South Dakota, and the county seat of Pennington County. Named after Rapid Creek on which the city is established, it is set against the eastern slope of the Black Hills mountain range. The population was 67,956 as of the 2010 Census. Rapid...
  
  . Unseasonably warm weather saw a temperature of 55°F at 7:00 am. Over the next fifteen minutes, the thermometer reading dropped 47 degrees to 8°. The weather warmed and chilled again two days later for another record.
• Manuel Enrique Araujo
  Manuel Enrique Araujo
  Dr. Manuel Enrique Araujo was President of El Salvador 1 March 1911 - 8 February 1913. was a physician and political Salvadoran President of the Republic .Of maternal Portuguese blood.Born in the town of Alegria, in the department of Usulután, El Salvador...
  
   was elected President of El Salvador
  President of El Salvador
  This page contains a list of Presidents of El Salvador.-Heads of State of El Salvador within the Federal Republic of Central America :*Pedro Barriere : 21 September 1821 - 28 November 1821*José Matías Delgado : 28 Nov 1821 - 9 February 1823...
  
  
• The United States
  United States
  The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
  
   signed a treaty with Honduras
  Honduras
  Honduras is a republic in Central America. It was previously known as Spanish Honduras to differentiate it from British Honduras, which became the modern-day state of Belize...
  
  , guaranteeing a loan to the Central American nation without assuming a protectorate
  Protectorate
  In history, the term protectorate has two different meanings. In its earliest inception, which has been adopted by modern international law, it is an autonomous territory that is protected diplomatically or militarily against third parties by a stronger state or entity...
  
   over it.
• The town of Gladstone, Oregon
  Gladstone, Oregon
  Gladstone is a city located in Clackamas County, Oregon, United States. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 11,438. The 2007 estimate is 12,200 residents. Gladstone is a four-square-mile suburban community twelve miles south of Portland at the confluence of the Clackamas and...
  
  , was incorporated.

January 11, 1911 (Wednesday)

• Dr. Russell A. Hibbs performed the first spinal fusion
  Spinal fusion
  Spinal fusion, also known as spondylodesis or spondylosyndesis, is a surgical technique used to join two or more vertebrae. Supplementary bone tissue, either from the patient or a donor , is used in conjunction with the body's natural bone growth processes to fuse the vertebrae.Fusing of the...
  
  , at the New York Orthopedic Hospital. Applying techniques learned from knee surgery to the vertebrae of the spine, Dr. Hibbs operated upon a patient with spinal tuberculosis
  Tuberculosis
  Tuberculosis, MTB, or TB is a common, and in many cases lethal, infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis usually attacks the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body...
  
   to prevent further progression in the curvature of the spine.
• Created to promote research in the natural sciences in Germany
  Germany
  Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
  
  , the Kaiser Wilhelm Society (Kaiser-Wilhelm Gesellschaft) was founded in Berlin
  Berlin
  Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
  
  .
• Emilio Estrada was elected as President of Ecuador.
• Southern Arkansas University
  Southern Arkansas University
  Southern Arkansas University is a public four-year institution located in Magnolia, the seat of Columbia County in Arkansas, United States, not far from the Louisiana state line.-Location:Southern Arkansas University is located in Magnolia, which, as of the census...
  
   began its first classes, with 75 students and 5 instructors beginning their term at what was then called the "Third District Agricultural School". In 1925, it was renamed Magnolia A & M College, and in 1951, Southern State College. The current name was adopted in 1976.
• The town of Mamou, Louisiana
  Mamou, Louisiana
  Mamou is a town in Evangeline Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 3,566 at the 2000 census.-Geography:Mamou is located at ....
  
   was incorporated.
• Born: Zenko Suzuki
  Zenko Suzuki
  was a Japanese politician and the 70th Prime Minister of Japan from July 17, 1980 to November 27, 1982.Suzuki graduated from Tokyo University of Fisheries in 1935...
  
  , Prime Minister of Japan
  Prime Minister of Japan
  The is the head of government of Japan. He is appointed by the Emperor of Japan after being designated by the Diet from among its members, and must enjoy the confidence of the House of Representatives to remain in office...
  
   (d. 2004)

January 12, 1911 (Thursday)

• An earthquake in Russia, at Vyerny, killed more than 250 people.
• For the second time in three days, Rapid City set a weather record. At 6:00 in the morning, the temperature in the South Dakota city was an unseasonable 49 degrees. Over the next two hours, the temperature dropped 62 degrees to 13 below zero.

January 13, 1911 (Friday)

• De Nachtwacht
  Night Watch (painting)
  Night Watch or The Night Watch or The Shooting Company of Frans Banning Cocq is the common name of one of the most famous works by Dutch painter Rembrandt van Rijn....
  
  , painted in 1642 by Rembrandt van Rijn, was vandalized for the first time at the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam. A recently unemployed cook slashed through the 209 year old canvas with a knife. On September 14, 1975, a retired schoolteacher cut through the 333 year old painting and tore off a section in the center, and on April 6, 1990, another vandal sprayed sulfuric acid on the now 358 year old masterpiece, which has been restored each time.
• Born: Joh Bjelke-Petersen
  Joh Bjelke-Petersen
  Sir Johannes "Joh" Bjelke-Petersen, KCMG , was an Australian politician. He was the longest-serving and longest-lived Premier of Queensland, holding office from 1968 to 1987, a period that saw considerable economic development in the state...
  
  , Premier of Queensland (d. 2005)

January 14, 1911 (Saturday)

• The Norwegian Antarctic Expedition
  Amundsen's South Pole expedition
  The first expedition to reach the geographic South Pole was led by the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen. He and four others arrived at the pole on 14 December 1911, five weeks ahead of a British party led by Robert Falcon Scott...
  
  , led by Roald Amundsen
  Roald Amundsen
  Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen was a Norwegian explorer of polar regions. He led the first Antarctic expedition to reach the South Pole between 1910 and 1912 and he was the first person to reach both the North and South Poles. He is also known as the first to traverse the Northwest Passage....
  
  , commander of the Fram, arrived at the Bay of Whales
  Bay of Whales
  The Bay of Whales is a natural ice harbor, or iceport, indenting the front of Ross Ice Shelf just north of Roosevelt Island. It is the southernmost point of open ocean not only of the Ross Sea, but worldwide...
  
  , where the base camp, Framheim, was established at the Ross Ice Shelf
  Ross Ice Shelf
  The Ross Ice Shelf is the largest ice shelf of Antarctica . It is several hundred metres thick. The nearly vertical ice front to the open sea is more than 600 km long, and between 15 and 50 metres high above the water surface...
  
  .

January 15, 1911 (Sunday)

• Wu Tingfang
  Wu Tingfang
  Wu Tingfang was a Chinese diplomat and politician who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs and briefly as Acting Premier during the early years of the Republic of China. He is also known under his Cantonese name Ng Choy -Biography:...
  
   addressed a crowd of 40,000 at the Zhang Gardens in Shanghai
  Shanghai
  Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...
  
   and announced that he had cut off the queue
  Queue (hairstyle)
  The queue or cue is a hairstyle in which the hair is worn long and gathered up into a ponytail. It was worn traditionally by certain Native American groups and the Manchu of Manchuria.-Manchu Queue:...
  
   which he had worn in his hair as a sign of deference to the Qing dynasty, then urged the crowd to follow suit. At least 1,000 did so, and others followed suit as publicity spread.

January 16, 1911 (Monday)

• Paraguay
  Paraguay
  Paraguay , officially the Republic of Paraguay , is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. Paraguay lies on both banks of the Paraguay River, which runs through the center of the...
  
  's President Manuel Gondra
  Manuel Gondra
  Manuel Gondra Pereira was President of Paraguay from November 25, 1910 to January 11, 1911 and from August 15, 1920 to October 31, 1921. He was also an author and a member of the Liberal Party....
  
   was forced to resign after less than two months in office. The Congress of Paraguay elected Minister of War Colonel Albino Jara
  Albino Jara
  Albino Jara Benegas was provisional President of Paraguay from 19 January 1911 to 5 July 1911. He was a member of the Liberal Party.-External links:*...
  
   to succeed him, though Jara would be sent into exile on July 6.
• The town of Millersburg, Iowa
  Millersburg, Iowa
  Millersburg is a city in Iowa County, Iowa, United States. The population was 184 at the 2000 census.-Geography:Millersburg is located at ....
  
  , was incorporated.
• The first military reconnaissance flight by airplane in India, and possibly in the world, was conducted by the British Indian Army
  British Indian Army
  The British Indian Army, officially simply the Indian Army, was the principal army of the British Raj in India before the partition of India in 1947...
  
   from Aurangabad.

January 17, 1911 (Tuesday)

• Recommendations by the National Monetary Commission, for a "Reserve Association of America" with 15 districts were made public by a spokesman for U.S. Senator Nelson W. Aldrich. The plan was implemented, with changes, as the Federal Reserve System
  Federal Reserve System
  The Federal Reserve System is the central banking system of the United States. It was created on December 23, 1913 with the enactment of the Federal Reserve Act, largely in response to a series of financial panics, particularly a severe panic in 1907...
  
  .
• Two shots were fired at France's Prime Minister Aristide Briand
  Aristide Briand
  Aristide Briand was a French statesman who served eleven terms as Prime Minister of France during the French Third Republic and received the 1926 Nobel Peace Prize.- Early life :...
  
   in the French Champber of Deputies. Briand was unharmed, but Messr. Mirmam, Director of Public Relief, was injured.
• Glenn Curtiss
  Glenn Curtiss
  Glenn Hammond Curtiss was an American aviation pioneer and a founder of the U.S. aircraft industry. He began his career as a bicycle then motorcycle builder and racer, later also manufacturing engines for airships as early as 1906...
  
   founded the first military flying school in the United States, at Rockwell Field on San Diego's North Island.
• The German submarine U-3
  SM U-3 (Germany)
  SM U-3 Is the third German U-Boat created by the German Empire in their history, and is the first of two submarines in its class. The boat was built by Kaiserliche Werft Danzig and was launched on March 27, 1909. U-3 began its career in World War I as a training boat from August 1, 1914 to November...
  
   sank in the North Atlantic, but 27 of its 30 men were saved. According to reports, the crew "donned the special diving helmets and suits and were shot to the surface by means of the submerged torpedo tubes".
• Woodrow Wilson
  Woodrow Wilson
  Thomas Woodrow Wilson was the 28th President of the United States, from 1913 to 1921. A leader of the Progressive Movement, he served as President of Princeton University from 1902 to 1910, and then as the Governor of New Jersey from 1911 to 1913...
  
   was inaugurated as the 34th Governor of New Jersey
  Governor of New Jersey
  The Office of the Governor of New Jersey is the executive branch for the U.S. state of New Jersey. The office of Governor is an elected position, for which elected officials serve four year terms. While individual politicians may serve as many terms as they can be elected to, Governors cannot be...
  
  . Slightly more than two years later, Wilson, who had never held a political post before becoming Governor, would become the 28th President of the United States
  President of the United States
  The President of the United States of America is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces....
  
  .
• The Scarecrow
  The Scarecrow (play)
  The Scarecrow is a play written by Percy MacKaye in 1908, and first presented on Broadway in 1911. It is based on Nathaniel Hawthorne's short story, "Feathertop", but greatly expands upon the tale...
  
  , by Percy MacKaye
  Percy MacKaye
  Percy MacKaye was an American dramatist and poet.-Biography:MacKaye was born in New York City, New York. After graduating from Harvard in 1897, he traveled in Europe for three years, residing in Rome, Switzerland and London, studying at the University of Leipzig in 1899–1900...
  
  , was first performed.
• Haiti
  Haiti
  Haiti , officially the Republic of Haiti , is a Caribbean country. It occupies the western, smaller portion of the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antillean archipelago, which it shares with the Dominican Republic. Ayiti was the indigenous Taíno or Amerindian name for the island...
  
   and Santo Domingo
  Dominican Republic
  The Dominican Republic is a nation on the island of La Hispaniola, part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands that are shared by two countries...
  
   (now the Dominican Republic
  Dominican Republic
  The Dominican Republic is a nation on the island of La Hispaniola, part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands that are shared by two countries...
  
   signed a peace agreement, with both sides withdrawing troops from their common border.
• Born: George Stigler
  George Stigler
  George Joseph Stigler was a U.S. economist. He won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1982, and was a key leader of the Chicago School of Economics, along with his close friend Milton Friedman....
  
  , American economist, 1982 Nobel Prize in Economics laureate, in Seattle (d. 1991)
• Died: Sir Francis Galton
  Francis Galton
  Sir Francis Galton /ˈfrɑːnsɪs ˈgɔːltn̩/ FRS , cousin of Douglas Strutt Galton, half-cousin of Charles Darwin, was an English Victorian polymath: anthropologist, eugenicist, tropical explorer, geographer, inventor, meteorologist, proto-geneticist, psychometrician, and statistician...
  
  , 88, English explorer and biologist

January 18, 1911 (Wednesday)

• Eugene B. Ely became the first person to land an airplane on a ship, bringing his Curtiss biplane down on the deck of the USS Pennsylvania
  USS Pennsylvania (ACR-4)
  The second USS Pennsylvania , also referred to "Armored Cruiser No. 4", and later renamed Pittsburgh and numbered CA-4, was a United States Navy armored cruiser, the lead ship of her class....
  
  , anchored thirteen miles out to sea from an airfield in San Francisco
  San Francisco, California
  San Francisco , officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the financial, cultural, and transportation center of the San Francisco Bay Area, a region of 7.15 million people which includes San Jose and Oakland...
  
  . A 127 foot long wooden platform had been built on the Pennsylvania, and 22 ropes strung across it. Ely's plane had three hooks on the undercarriage, to catch the ropes as the plane landed. Captain Charles F. Pond of the Pennsylvania praised the flight as "The most important landing of a bird since the dove flew back to the ark"

January 19, 1911 (Thursday)

• In Philadelphia, Dr. Edward Martin performed the first cordotomy
  Cordotomy
  Cordotomy is a surgical procedure that disables selected pain-conducting tracts in the spinal cord, in order to achieve loss of pain and temperature perception. This procedure is commonly performed on patients experiencing severe pain due to cancer or other diseases for which there is currently no...
  
   on a human being for the relief of intractable pain, with the assistance of neurologist Dr. William Spiller. The two published their results the following year.
• The legislatures of both Ohio
  Ohio
  Ohio is a Midwestern state in the United States. The 34th largest state by area in the U.S.,it is the 7th‑most populous with over 11.5 million residents, containing several major American cities and seven metropolitan areas with populations of 500,000 or more.The state's capital is Columbus...
  
   and Kansas
  Kansas
  Kansas is a US state located in the Midwestern United States. It is named after the Kansas River which flows through it, which in turn was named after the Kansa Native American tribe, which inhabited the area. The tribe's name is often said to mean "people of the wind" or "people of the south...
  
   ratified the proposed 16th Amendment to the United States Constitution, providing for the collection of a federal income tax. After a discovery was made in 1953 questioning Ohio's statehood, the validity of the 16th Amendment was challenged, although 41 other states also ratified the amendment.
• Born: Busher Jackson
  Busher Jackson
  Harvey "Busher" Jackson was a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger and defenceman who played for the Toronto Maple Leafs, Boston Bruins, and New York Americans in the National Hockey League....
  
  , Canadian NHL player and Hall of Fame enshrinee, in Toronto
  Toronto
  Toronto is the provincial capital of Ontario and the largest city in Canada. It is located in Southern Ontario on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario. A relatively modern city, Toronto's history dates back to the late-18th century, when its land was first purchased by the British monarchy from...
  
   (d. 1966) Ken Nelson
  Ken Nelson (United States record producer)
  Kenneth F. Nelson was a American record producer and A & R man for Capitol Records.-Early life:Born in Caledonia, Minnesota, at the age of 14, Nelson made his radio single debut as a singer in 1925...
  
  , American record producer and Country Music Hall of Fame enshrinee, in Caledonia, Minnesota
  Caledonia, Minnesota
  As of the census of 2000, there were 2,965 people, 1,223 households, and 754 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,037.1 people per square mile . There were 1,286 housing units at an average density of 449.8 per square mile...
  
   (d. 2008)

January 20, 1911 (Friday)

• Dr. Walter Bradford Cannon
  Walter Bradford Cannon
  Walter Bradford Cannon, M.D. was an American physiologist, professor and chairman of the Department of Physiology at Harvard Medical School. He coined the term fight or flight response, and he expanded on Claude Bernard's concept of homeostasis...
  
   first had the insight of a connection between stress, increased secretions of adrenaline and higher levels of glucose in the blood, writing in his scientific diary, "Got idea that adrenals in excitement serve to affect muscular power and mobilize sugar for muscular use— thus in a wild stae readiness for flight or fight
  Fight-or-flight response
  The fight-or-flight response was first described by Walter Bradford Cannon....
  
  !"
• A fire in a mine at Sosnowiec
  Sosnowiec
  Sosnowiec is a city in Zagłębie Dąbrowskie in southern Poland, near Katowice. It is one of the central districts of the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union - a metropolis with a combined population of over two million people located in the Silesian Highlands, on the Brynica river .It is situated in...
  
   in Russian Poland
  Vistula land
  Vistula Land or Vistula Country was the name applied to the lands of the Kingdom of Poland following the defeats of the November Uprising and January Uprising as it was increasingly stripped of autonomy and incorporated into Imperial Russia...
  
   killed 40 coal miners.
• Died: Solomon Dresser, 68, founder of S.R. Dresser Manufacturing Co., predecessor to Dresser Industries
  Dresser Industries
  Dresser Industries was a multinational corporation headquartered in Dallas, Texas, United States, which provided a wide range of technology, products, and services used for developing energy and natural resources...
  
  

January 21, 1911 (Saturday)

• The National Progressive Republican League
  Progressive Party (United States, 1912)
  The Progressive Party of 1912 was an American political party. It was formed after a split in the Republican Party between President William Howard Taft and former President Theodore Roosevelt....
  
   was organized by a group of Republican Party
  Republican Party (United States)
  The Republican Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Democratic Party. Founded by anti-slavery expansion activists in 1854, it is often called the GOP . The party's platform generally reflects American conservatism in the U.S...
  
   members who were dissatisfied with the U.S. President William Howard Taft
  William Howard Taft
  William Howard Taft was the 27th President of the United States and later the tenth Chief Justice of the United States...
  
  . Meeting at the Washington, D.C. home of Senator Robert M. LaFollette were 15 U.S. Senators and 13 U.S. Representatives. In 1912, former President Theodore Roosevelt
  Theodore Roosevelt
  Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt was the 26th President of the United States . He is noted for his exuberant personality, range of interests and achievements, and his leadership of the Progressive Movement, as well as his "cowboy" persona and robust masculinity...
  
   was nominated by the Progressives to run against Taft and Woodrow Wilson in the presidential election.
• By a margin of 31,742 for and 13,399 against, voters in the territory of New Mexico
  New Mexico
  New Mexico is a state located in the southwest and western regions of the United States. New Mexico is also usually considered one of the Mountain States. With a population density of 16 per square mile, New Mexico is the sixth-most sparsely inhabited U.S...
  
   approved the proposed State Constitution, clearing the way for Congress to consider it for statehood.

January 22, 1911 (Sunday)

• Philip Orin Parmelee
  Philip Orin Parmelee
  Philip Orin Parmelee was an American aviation pioneer trained by the Wright brothers and credited with several early world aviation records and "firsts" in flight...
  
   set a new airplane flight endurance record, keeping a Wright Flyer in the air for 3 hours and 40 minutes in San Francisco.
• Born: Bruno Kreisky
  Bruno Kreisky
  Bruno Kreisky was an Austrian politician who served as Foreign Minister from 1959 to 1966 and as Chancellor from 1970 to 1983. Aged 72 at the end of his chancellorship, he was the oldest acting Chancellor after World War II....
  
  , Chancellor of Austria
  Chancellor of Austria
  The Federal Chancellor is the head of government in Austria. Its deputy is the Vice-Chancellor. Before 1918, the equivalent office was the Minister-President of Austria. The Federal Chancellor is considered to be the most powerful political position in Austrian politics.-Appointment:The...
  
   1970-1983, in Vienna
  Vienna
  Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
  
   (d. 1990); and Mary Hayley Bell
  Mary Hayley Bell
  Mary Hayley Bell, Lady Mills was an English actress, writer and dramatist.Mary Hayley Bell was born in Shanghai, China, where her father served in the Chinese Maritime Customs Service, and the family later moved to Tianjin . It was there that she first met John Mills, although exactly when is not...
  
  , English dramatist, wife of Sir John Mills
  John Mills
  Sir John Mills CBE , born Lewis Ernest Watts Mills, was an English actor who made more than 120 films in a career spanning seven decades.-Life and career:...
  
   (d. 2005)

January 23, 1911 (Monday)

• Bestselling author David Graham Phillips
  David Graham Phillips
  David Graham Phillips was an American journalist of the muckraker tradition and novelist.-Early life and career:Phillips was born in Madison, Indiana...
  
   was murdered in New York by a man who had been offended by his latest novel, The Fashionable Adventures of Joshua Craig. Fitzhugh Goldsborough shot Phillips five times, then shot himself. The motive, police learned later, was that Goldsborough imagined that a character in the book was based on his sister. Phillips died the next day, after telling doctors, "I can fight two wounds, but not six."
• Chemist Marie Curie
  Marie Curie
  Marie Skłodowska-Curie was a physicist and chemist famous for her pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first person honored with two Nobel Prizes—in physics and chemistry...
  
   failed in her bid to become the first woman member of France's Académie des Sciences
  French Academy of Sciences
  The French Academy of Sciences is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research...
  
   by two votes. From the 58 members, Curie received 28 votes, and Edouard Branly
  Edouard Branly
  Édouard Eugène Désiré Branly was a French inventor, physicist and professor at the Institut Catholique de Paris. He is primarily known for his early involvement in wireless telegraphy and his invention of the Branly coherer around 1890.-Biography:The coherer was the first widely used detector for...
  
   29. On the next vote, Branly received the majority of 30, and Curie never again stood for membership.
• Born: Ralph Fults
  Ralph Fults
  Ralph Fults was a Depression-era outlaw and escape artist associated with Raymond Hamilton, Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow of the Barrow Gang.-Early life:...
  
  , longest surviving associate of Bonnie and Clyde
  Bonnie and Clyde
  Bonnie Elizabeth Parker and Clyde Chestnut Barrow were well-known outlaws, robbers, and criminals who traveled the Central United States with their gang during the Great Depression. Their exploits captured the attention of the American public during the "public enemy era" between 1931 and 1934...
  
  ; in McKinney, Texas
  McKinney, Texas
  McKinney is a city in and the county seat of Collin County, Texas, United States, and the second in population to Plano. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city's 2010 population was 131,117 The Census Bureau listed McKinney as the nation's fastest growing city from 2000 to 2003 and again in...
  
  . Released from prison in 1944, he lived until 1993.

January 24, 1911 (Tuesday)

• Kotoku Shusui
  Kotoku Shusui
  , better known by the nom de plume , was a Japanese socialist and anarchist who played a leading role in introducing anarchism to Japan in the early 20th century, particularly by translating the works of contemporary European and Russian anarchists, such as Peter Kropotkin, into Japanese...
  
   and ten other persons were hanged, six days after being convicted of conspiracy to assassinate Hirohito, the Crown Prince of Japan.
• Born: C. L. Moore
  C. L. Moore
  Catherine Lucille Moore was an American science fiction and fantasy writer, as C. L. Moore. She was one of the first women to write in the genre, and paved the way for many other female writers in speculative fiction....
  
  , one of the first women science fiction authors; as Catherine Lucille Moore in Indianapolis
  Indianapolis
  Indianapolis is the capital of the U.S. state of Indiana, and the county seat of Marion County, Indiana. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population is 839,489. It is by far Indiana's largest city and, as of the 2010 U.S...
  
  . (d. 1987)

January 25, 1911 (Wednesday)

• An army of 1,600 mercenaries invaded in Honduras
  Honduras
  Honduras is a republic in Central America. It was previously known as Spanish Honduras to differentiate it from British Honduras, which became the modern-day state of Belize...
  
   and battled at La Ceiba
  La Ceiba
  La Ceiba is a port city on the northern coast of Honduras in Central America. It is located on the southern edge of the Caribbean, forming part of the south eastern boundary of the Gulf of Honduras...
  
   against the Honduran Army. Successful, the forces of Manuel Bonilla then marched to the capital, Tegucigalpa
  Tegucigalpa
  Tegucigalpa , and commonly referred as Tegus , is the capital of Honduras and seat of government of the Republic, along with its twin sister Comayagüela. Founded on September 29, 1578 by the Spanish, it became the country's capital on October 30, 1880 under President Marco Aurelio Soto...
  
  , which would fall weeks later.
• U.S. troops were sent to the Rio Grande to keep Mexican insurgents from crossing into the United States.
• John P. White
  John P. White
  Dr. John P. White BS, MA, PhD is an American university professor and a former Government official who served in the Clinton Administration.White is the Robert and Renee Belfer Lecturer at the John F...
  
   of Iowa was elected as the new President of the United Mine Workers of America.
• Born: Kurt Maetzig
  Kurt Maetzig
  Kurt Maetzig is an East German film director who had a significant effect on the film industry in the GDR. He is one of the most respected filmmakers of East Germany. He currently lives in Wildkuhl, Mecklenburg, and has three children....
  
  , German film director

January 26, 1911 (Thursday)

• Glenn H. Curtiss made the first sustained seaplane
  Seaplane
  A seaplane is a fixed-wing aircraft capable of taking off and landing on water. Seaplanes that can also take off and land on airfields are a subclass called amphibian aircraft...
  
   flight, taking off from San Diego Bay
  San Diego Bay
  San Diego Bay is a natural harbor and deepwater port adjacent to San Diego, California. It is 12 mi/19 km long, 1 mi/1.6 km–3 mi/4.8 km wide...
  
   in his D-Hydro-Aeroplane and then landing on the Pacific Ocean, off of San Diego. (Henri Fabre
  Henri Fabre
  Henri Fabre was a French aviator and the inventor of Le Canard, the first seaplane in history.Henri Fabre was born into a prominent family of shipowners in the city of Marseilles. He was educated in the Jesuit College of Marseilles, where he undertook advanced studies in sciences. He then studied...
  
   had made the first takeoff from water on March 28, 1910
  March 1910
  January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November -DecemberThe following events occurred in March, 1910:-March 1, 1910 :...
  
    .
• The United States
  United States
  The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
  
   and Canada
  Canada
  Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
  
   announced the successful negotiation of the first reciprocal trade agreement between the two nations.
• Aviator Roger Sommer set a new record for number of passengers on an airplane, flying five passengers in France
  France
  The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
  
   on a 13 mile trip from from Douzy
  Douzy
  Douzy is a commune in the Ardennes department in northern France.-Population:...
  
   to Remilly-Aillicourt
  Remilly-Aillicourt
  Remilly-Aillicourt is a commune in the Ardennes department in northern France.-Population:-References:*...
  
  , then back. The previous record had been set by Sommer on April 20, 1910
  April 1910
  January – February – March – April – May – June – July – August – September  – October  – November – DecemberThe following events occurred in April 1910-April 1, 1910 :...
  
  , when four persons were flown by Sommer on a short flight.
• Richard Strauss
  Richard Strauss
  Richard Georg Strauss was a leading German composer of the late Romantic and early modern eras. He is known for his operas, which include Der Rosenkavalier and Salome; his Lieder, especially his Four Last Songs; and his tone poems and orchestral works, such as Death and Transfiguration, Till...
  
  's opera Der Rosenkavalier
  Der Rosenkavalier
  Der Rosenkavalier is a comic opera in three acts by Richard Strauss to an original German libretto by Hugo von Hofmannsthal. It is loosely adapted from the novel Les amours du chevalier de Faublas by Louvet de Couvrai and Molière’s comedy Monsieur de Pourceaugnac...
  
   was given its first performance, at the Semper Opera House in Dresden
  Dresden
  Dresden is the capital city of the Free State of Saxony in Germany. It is situated in a valley on the River Elbe, near the Czech border. The Dresden conurbation is part of the Saxon Triangle metropolitan area....
  
  
• Born: Polykarp Kusch
  Polykarp Kusch
  Polykarp Kusch was a German-American physicist. In 1955 he was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics with Willis Eugene Lamb for his accurate determination that the magnetic moment of the electron was greater than its theoretical value, thus leading to reconsideration of—and...
  
  , German-born physicist, Nobel Prize
  Nobel Prize in Physics
  The Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded once a year by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901; the others are the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and...
  
   laureate, in Blankenburg, Saxony-Anhalt (d. 1993); and Johnnie Carr
  Johnnie Carr
  Johnnie Rebecca Daniels Carr was a leader in the Civil Rights movement in the United States from 1955 until her death....
  
  , American civil rights movement pioneer, in Montgomery, Alabama
  Montgomery, Alabama
  Montgomery is the capital of the U.S. state of Alabama, and is the county seat of Montgomery County. It is located on the Alabama River southeast of the center of the state, in the Gulf Coastal Plain. As of the 2010 census, Montgomery had a population of 205,764 making it the second-largest city...
  
   (d. 2008)

January 27, 1911 (Friday)

• The University of North Carolina
  University of North Carolina
  Chartered in 1789, the University of North Carolina was one of the first public universities in the United States and the only one to graduate students in the eighteenth century...
  
   played its first college basketball game, defeating Virginia Christian College (now Lynchburg College
  Lynchburg College
  Lynchburg College is a private college in Lynchburg, Virginia, USA, related by covenant to the Christian Church with approximately 2,500 undergraduate and graduate students. The Princeton Review lists it as one of the 368 best colleges in the nation...
  
   42-21 at Chapel Hill.
• Several soldiers were killed in a border clash between Peru
  Peru
  Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
  
   and Ecuador
  Ecuador
  Ecuador , officially the Republic of Ecuador is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is one of only two countries in South America, along with Chile, that do not have a border...
  
  .

January 28, 1911 (Saturday)

• The Diamond Match Company
  Diamond Match Company
  The Diamond Match Company was the largest manufacturer of matches in the United States in the late nineteenth century. Jarden is the current owner of the Diamond brand.-History:...
  
   agreed to surrender its patent rights for a substitute for the poisonous white phosphorus, clearing the way for all matches to be safely manufactured.

January 29, 1911 (Sunday)

• Eighteen Mexican insurgents captured Mexicali
  Mexicali
  Mexicali is the capital of the State of Baja California, seat of the Municipality of Mexicali, and 2nd largest city in Baja California. The City of Mexicali has a population of 689,775, according to the 2010 census, while the population of the entire metropolitan area reaches 936,826.The city...
  
  , in Baja California del Norte
  Baja California
  Baja California officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Baja California is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is both the northernmost and westernmost state of Mexico. Before becoming a state in 1953, the area was known as the North...
  
  , without firing weapons.
• The comic strip "Mr. Twee Deedle", by Johnny Gruelle
  Johnny Gruelle
  Johnny Gruelle was an American artist, political cartoonist, children's book author and illustrator . He is known as the creator of Raggedy Ann and Raggedy Andy...
  
  , debuted in the New York Herald and later in newspapers across the U.S. Gruelle, who had won the chance to show his talents in a national contest, later became more famous as the creator of Raggedy Ann and Andy.
• Following two days of protests in Guayaquil
  Guayaquil
  Guayaquil , officially Santiago de Guayaquil , is the largest and the most populous city in Ecuador,with about 2.3 million inhabitants in the city and nearly 3.1 million in the metropolitan area, as well as that nation's main port...
  
  , President Alfaro of Ecuador abandoned a plan to lease the Galapagos Islands
  Galápagos Islands
  The Galápagos Islands are an archipelago of volcanic islands distributed around the equator in the Pacific Ocean, west of continental Ecuador, of which they are a part.The Galápagos Islands and its surrounding waters form an Ecuadorian province, a national park, and a...
  
   to the United States
  United States
  The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
  
  .
• Born: Peter von Siemens
  Peter von Siemens
  Peter von Siemens was a German industrialist.He was the great grandson of Ernst Werner von Siemens. He was chairman of the Supervisory Board of Siemens AG from 1971 to 1981...
  
  , German industrialist (d. 1986)
• Died: Elizabeth Stuart Phelps Ward
  Elizabeth Stuart Phelps Ward
  Elizabeth Stuart Phelps Ward, born Mary Gray Phelps, was an American author and an early advocate of clothing reform for women, urging them to burn their corsets.- Biography :...
  
  , 67, American author

January 30, 1911 (Monday)

• The destroyer USS Terry
  USS Terry (DD-25)
  USS Terry was a modified in the United States Navy during World War I, and later in the United States Coast Guard, designated CG-19. She was the first ship named for Edward Terry....
  
   made the first rescue of an airplane downed at sea, saving the life of John McCurdy
  John Alexander Douglas McCurdy
  John Alexander Douglas McCurdy was a Canadian aviation pioneer and the 19th Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia from 1947 to 1952. -Early years:...
  
   10 miles (16.1 km) from Havana
  Havana
  Havana is the capital city, province, major port, and leading commercial centre of Cuba. The city proper has a population of 2.1 million inhabitants, and it spans a total of — making it the largest city in the Caribbean region, and the most populous...
  
  , Cuba
  Cuba
  The Republic of Cuba is an island nation in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos. Havana is the largest city in Cuba and the country's capital. Santiago de Cuba is the second largest city...
  
  .
• The eruption of the Mount Taal volcano
  Taal Volcano
  Taal Volcano is a complex volcano located on the island of Luzon in the Philippines. Historical eruptions are concentrated on Volcano Island, an island near the middle of Lake Taal. The lake partially fills Taal Caldera, which was formed by powerful prehistoric eruptions between 140,000 to 5,380 BP...
  
   on the Philippines
  Philippines
  The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...
  
   island of Luzon
  Luzon
  Luzon is the largest island in the Philippines. It is located in the northernmost region of the archipelago, and is also the name for one of the three primary island groups in the country centered on the Island of Luzon...
  
   caused a series of earthquakes and tsunamis, and killed 1,335 people. Mount Taal would erupt again on September 28, 1965.
• The International Pentecostal Holiness Church
  International Pentecostal Holiness Church
  The International Pentecostal Holiness Church or simply Pentecostal Holiness Church is a Pentecostal Christian denomination founded in 1911 with the merger of two older denominations. Traditionally centered in the Southeastern United States, particularly the Carolinas and Georgia, the Pentecostal...
  
   was founded by the merger of the Fire-Baptized Holiness Church
  Fire-Baptized Holiness Church
  The Fire-Baptized Holiness Church was a radical holiness Christian denomination in North America and was involved in the early formation of Pentecostalism. Founded in 1895, it merged with the Pentecostal Holiness Church in 1911, forming a new denomination now known as the International Pentecostal...
  
   and the Pentecostal Holiness Church, at a meeting in Falcon, North Carolina
  Falcon, North Carolina
  Falcon is a town in Cumberland and Sampson counties in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The population was 328 at the 2000 census.-Geography:Falcon is located at ....
  
  .
• James White, a mentally retarded black youth, was executed in a public hanging in Middlesboro, Kentucky, after he had slept, at age 16, with a white girl and was then accused of rape. James Breathitt, the state Attorney General
  Attorney General of Kentucky
  The Attorney General of Kentucky is an office created by the Kentucky Constitution. . Under Kentucky law, he serves several roles, including the state's chief prosecutor , the state's chief law enforcement officer , and the state's chief law officer...
  
  , concluded that White was incapable of understanding the charge against him, and asked Governor Augustus E. Willson
  Augustus E. Willson
  Augustus Everett Willson was the 36th Governor of Kentucky. Orphaned at the age of twelve, Willson went to live with relatives in New England...
  
   to commute the sentence. Governor Willson agreed that White was "mentally imperfect", but added that "he is none the less dangerous to society, and if his case is not punished by death, is dangerous to the whole state". As an historian noted, "White, most likely unaware of the reason why, died on the gallows in Middlesboro before a crowd that numbered in the thousands."
• Born: Roy Eldridge
  Roy Eldridge
  Roy David Eldridge , nicknamed "Little Jazz" was an American jazz trumpet player. His sophisticated use of harmony, including the use of tritone substitutions, his virtuosic solos and his strong influence on Dizzy Gillespie mark him as one of the most exciting musicians of the swing era and a...
  
  , American jazz musician, in Pittsburgh (d. 1989)

January 31, 1911 (Tuesday)

• By a vote of 188 to 159 in the U.S. House of Representatives, San Francisco was chosen over New Orleans to host the 1915 World's Fair
  World's Fair
  World's fair, World fair, Universal Exposition, and World Expo are various large public exhibitions held in different parts of the world. The first Expo was held in The Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London, United Kingdom, in 1851, under the title "Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All...
  
  , officially the Panama–Pacific International Exposition
  Panama–Pacific International Exposition
  The Panama-Pacific International Exposition was a world's fair held in San Francisco, California between February 20 and December 4 in 1915. Its ostensible purpose was to celebrate the completion of the Panama Canal, but it was widely seen in the city as an opportunity to showcase its recovery...