This is the fourth part of the list of the "D" codes for MeSH

Mesh

Mesh consists of semi-permeable barrier made of connected strands of metal, fiber, or other flexible/ductile material. Mesh is similar to web or net in that it has many attached or woven strands.-Types of mesh:...

. It is a product of the United States National Library of Medicine

United States National Library of Medicine

The United States National Library of Medicine , operated by the United States federal government, is the world's largest medical library. Located in Bethesda, Maryland, the NLM is a division of the National Institutes of Health...

.

Source for content is here. (File "2006 MeSH Trees".)

--- coenzyme a

Coenzyme A

Coenzyme A is a coenzyme, notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle. All sequenced genomes encode enzymes that use coenzyme A as a substrate, and around 4% of cellular enzymes use it as a substrate...

--- acyl coenzyme a --- acetyl coenzyme a --- malonyl coenzyme a --- palmitoyl coenzyme a

--- flavins

--- riboflavin

Riboflavin

Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2 or additive E101, is an easily absorbed micronutrient with a key role in maintaining health in humans and animals. It is the central component of the cofactors FAD and FMN, and is therefore required by all flavoproteins. As such, vitamin B2 is required for a...

 --- flavin-adenine dinucleotide --- flavin mononucleotide

Flavin mononucleotide

Flavin mononucleotide , or riboflavin-5′-phosphate, is a biomolecule produced from riboflavin by the enzyme riboflavin kinase and functions as prosthetic group of various oxidoreductases including NADH dehydrogenase as well as cofactor in biological blue-light photo receptors...

--- sphingolipid activator proteins

--- g(m2) activator protein --- saposins

--- tetrahydrofolates

--- formyltetrahydrofolates --- leucovorin

--- cytochrome a group

--- cytochromes a --- cytochromes a1 --- cytochromes a3

--- cytochrome b group

--- cytochromes b --- cytochromes b5 --- cytochromes b6

--- cytochrome c group

--- cytochromes c --- cytochromes c' --- cytochromes c1 --- cytochromes c2 --- cytochromes c6

--- cytochrome p-450 enzyme system

--- aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylases --- aniline hydroxylase --- benzopyrene hydroxylase --- cytochrome p-450 cyp1a1 --- cytochrome p-450 cyp1a2 --- cytochrome p-450 cyp2b1 --- cytochrome p-450 cyp2d6 --- cytochrome p-450 cyp2e1 --- cytochrome p-450 cyp3a --- camphor 5-monooxygenase

Camphor 5-monooxygenase

In enzymology, a camphor 5-monooxygenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction-camphor + putidaredoxin + O2 \rightleftharpoons -exo-5-hydroxycamphor + oxidized putidaredoxin + H2O...

 --- steroid hydroxylases

Steroid hydroxylases

The steroid hydroxylases are a class of enzymes involved in the manufacture of steroids....

 --- aldosterone synthase

Aldosterone synthase

Aldosterone synthase is a steroid hydroxylase cytochrome P450 oxidase enzyme involved in the generation of aldosterone....

 --- aromatase

Aromatase

Aromatase is an enzyme responsible for a key step in the biosynthesis of estrogens. It is a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily , which are monooxygenases that catalyze many reactions involved in steroidogenesis. In particular, aromatase is responsible for the aromatization of androgens into...

 --- cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase

Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase

Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase also known as cholesterol 7-alpha-monooxygenase or cytochrome P450 7A1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP7A1 gene.- Function :...

 --- cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme

Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme

Cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 , often referred to as P450scc , is a mitochondrial enzyme associated with the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone. The gene name is CYP11A1...

 --- 25-hydroxyvitamin d3 1-alpha-hydroxylase

25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-hydroxylase

25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-hydroxylase also known as cytochrome p450 27B1 is a cytochrome P450 enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP27B1 gene....

 --- steroid 11-beta-hydroxylase

Steroid 11-beta-hydroxylase

Steroid 11β-hydroxylase is a steroid hydroxylase found in the zona fasciculata. Named officially the cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial, it is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYP11B1 gene....

 --- steroid 12-alpha-hydroxylase --- steroid 16-alpha-hydroxylase --- steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase --- steroid 21-hydroxylase --- trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase

Trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase

In enzymology, a trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 4 substrates of this enzyme are trans-cinnamate, NADPH, H+, and O2, whereas its 3 products are 4-hydroxycinnamate, NADP+, and H2O....

--- pepsinogens

--- pepsinogen a --- pepsinogen c

--- dna repair enzymes

--- deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase

Deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase

In enzymology, a deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionHence, this enzyme has one substrate, cyclobutadipyrimidine , and one product, pyrimidine residues ....

 --- dna glycosylases

DNA glycosylases

DNA glycosylases are a family of enzymes involved in base excision repair, classified under EC number EC 3.2.2. Base excision repair is the mechanism by which damaged bases in DNA are removed and replaced. DNA glycosylases catalyze the first step of this process...

 --- dna-formamidopyrimidine glycosylase --- thymine dna glycosylase --- uracil-dna glycosidase --- dna ligases --- DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase

DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase

In enzymology, a DNA- lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThis enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the "catch-all" class of lyases that cleave carbon-oxygen bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is DNA- 5'-phosphomonoester-lyase...

 --- muts dna mismatch-binding protein --- muts homolog 2 protein --- polynucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase

Polynucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase

In enzymology, a polynucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and 5'-dephospho-DNA, whereas its two products are ADP and 5'-phospho-DNA....

--- dna restriction-modification enzymes

--- dna modification methylases --- dna restriction enzymes --- deoxyribonucleases, type i site-specific --- deoxyribonucleases, type ii site-specific --- deoxyribonuclease bamhi --- deoxyribonuclease ecori --- deoxyribonuclease hindiii --- deoxyribonuclease hpaii --- deoxyribonucleases, type iii site-specific

--- acid anhydride hydrolases

Acid anhydride hydrolases

Acid anhydride hydrolases are a class of hydrolase enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of a acid anhydride bond.They are classified under EC number 3.6.One well known member of this class is GTPase....

  (EC 3.6)

--- adenosinetriphosphatase --- ca(2+) mg(2+)-atpase --- ca(2+)-transporting atpase --- dynein atpase --- muts dna mismatch-binding protein --- muts homolog 2 protein --- n-ethylmaleimide-sensitive proteins --- proton-translocating atpases --- bacterial proton-translocating atpases --- chloroplast proton-translocating atpases --- h(+)-k(+)-exchanging atpase --- mitochondrial proton-translocating atpases --- vacuolar proton-translocating atpases --- kinesin

Kinesin

A kinesin is a protein belonging to a class of motor proteins found in eukaryotic cells. Kinesins move along microtubule filaments, and are powered by the hydrolysis of ATP . The active movement of kinesins supports several cellular functions including mitosis, meiosis and transport of cellular...

 --- myosins --- myosin type i --- myosin type ii --- cardiac myosins --- atrial myosins --- ventricular myosins --- nonmuscle myosin type iia --- nonmuscle myosin type iib --- skeletal muscle myosins --- smooth muscle myosins --- myosin type iii --- myosin type iv --- myosin type v --- na(+)-k(+)-exchanging atpase --- apyrase

Apyrase

Apyrase is a calcium-activated plasma membrane-bound enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of ATP to yield AMP and inorganic phosphate. Two isoenzymes are found in commercial preparations from S. tuberosum...

 --- gtp phosphohydrolases --- dynamins --- dynamin i --- dynamin ii --- dynamin iii --- gtp-binding proteins --- gtp phosphohydrolase-linked elongation factors --- peptide elongation factor g --- peptide elongation factor tu --- peptide elongation factor 1 --- peptide elongation factor 2 --- heterotrimeric gtp-binding proteins --- gtp-binding protein alpha subunits --- gtp-binding protein alpha subunits, g12-g13 --- gtp-binding protein alpha subunits, gi-go --- gtp-binding protein alpha subunit, gi2 --- gtp-binding protein alpha subunits, gq-g11 --- gtp-binding protein alpha subunits, gs --- transducin

Transducin

Transducin is a heterotrimeric G protein that is naturally expressed in vertebrate retina rods and cones .- Mechanism of action :...

 --- monomeric gtp-binding proteins --- adp-ribosylation factors --- ADP-ribosylation factor 1 --- rab gtp-binding proteins --- rab1 gtp-binding proteins --- rab2 gtp-binding protein --- rab3 gtp-binding proteins --- rab3a gtp-binding protein --- rab4 gtp-binding proteins --- rab5 gtp-binding proteins --- ral gtp-binding proteins --- ran gtp-binding protein --- rap gtp-binding proteins --- rap1 gtp-binding proteins --- ras proteins --- oncogene protein p21(ras) --- proto-oncogene proteins p21(ras) --- rho gtp-binding proteins --- cdc42 gtp-binding protein --- cdc42 gtp-binding protein, saccharomyces cerevisiae --- rac gtp-binding proteins --- rac1 gtp-binding protein --- rhoa gtp-binding protein --- rhob gtp-binding protein --- nucleoside-triphosphatase

Nucleoside-triphosphatase

In enzymology, a nucleoside-triphosphatase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are NTP and H2O, whereas its two products are NDP and phosphate....

 --- pyrophosphatases --- inorganic pyrophosphatase

Inorganic pyrophosphatase

Pyrophosphatase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of one molecule of pyrophosphate to two phosphate ions. This is a highly exergonic reaction, and therefore can be coupled to unfavorable biochemical transformations in order to drive these transformations to completion...

 --- thiamine pyrophosphatase --- thiamin-triphosphatase

--- amidohydrolases

--- N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase

N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase

In enzymology, a N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase is an enzyme that catalyzes a chemical reaction that cleaves the link between N-acetylmuramoyl residues and L-amino acid residues in certain cell-wall glycopeptides....

 --- allophanate hydrolase

Allophanate hydrolase

In enzymology, an allophanate hydrolase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are allophanate and H2O, whereas its two products are HCO3- and NH4+....

 --- arylformamidase

Arylformamidase

In enzymology, an arylformamidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are N-formyl-L-kynurenine and H2O, whereas its two products are formate and L-kynurenine....

 --- asparaginase

Asparaginase

Asparaginase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of asparagine to aspartic acid. Asparaginases are naturally occurring enzymes expressed and produced by microorganisms. Different types of asparaginases can be used for different industrial and pharmaceutical purposes. The most common use of...

 --- aspartylglucosylaminase --- beta-lactamases --- cephalosporinase --- penicillinase --- biotinidase

Biotinidase

Biotinidase also known as BTD is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the BTD gene.- Function :This enzyme allows the body to use and to recycle the B vitamin biotin, sometimes called vitamin H. Biotinidase extracts biotin from food because the body needs biotin in its free, unattached form...

 --- dihydroorotase

Dihydroorotase

Dihydroorotase is an enzyme which converts Carbamoyl aspartic acid into 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid....

 --- glutaminase

Glutaminase

Glutaminase is an amidohydrolase enzyme which generates glutamate from glutamine. Glutaminase has tissue-specific isoenzymes. Importantly, glutaminase is found in glial cells.Glutaminase catalyzes the following reaction:Glutamine + H2O → Glutamate + NH3...

 --- histone deacetylases --- nicotinamidase

Nicotinamidase

In enzymology, a nicotinamidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are nicotinamide and H2O, whereas its two products are nicotinate and NH3....

 --- penicillin amidase

Penicillin amidase

In enzymology, a penicillin amidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are penicillin and H2O, whereas its two products are carboxylate and 6-aminopenicillanate....

 --- peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase

Peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase

In enzymology, a peptide-N4-asparagine amidase is an enzyme that catalyzes a chemical reaction that cleaves a N4-asparagine residue in which the glucosamine residue may be further glycosylated, to yield a N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine and a peptide containing an aspartate residue...

 --- pyroglutamate hydrolase --- sirtuins --- urease

Urease

Urease is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia. The reaction occurs as follows:In 1926, James Sumner showed that urease is a protein. Urease is found in bacteria, yeast, and several higher plants. The structure of urease was first solved by P.A...

--- aminohydrolases

--- gtp cyclohydrolase --- guanine deaminase

Guanine deaminase

Guanine deaminase is an enzyme which converts guanine to xanthine.-External links:...

 --- methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase

Methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase

In enzymology, a methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate and H2O, whereas its product is 10-formyltetrahydrofolate....

 --- nucleoside deaminases --- adenosine deaminase

Adenosine deaminase

Adenosine deaminase is an enzyme involved in purine metabolism. It is needed for the breakdown of adenosine from food and for the turnover of nucleic acids in tissues.-Reactions:...

 --- cytidine deaminase --- cytosine deaminase

Cytosine deaminase

In enzymology, a cytosine deaminase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are cytosine and H2O, whereas its two products are uracil and NH3....

 --- nucleotide deaminases --- amp deaminase

AMP deaminase

AMP deaminase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AMPD1 gene.Adenosine monophosphate deaminase is an enzyme that converts adenosine monophosphate to inosine monophosphate , freeing an ammonia molecule in the process.-Function:...

 --- dcmp deaminase

DCMP deaminase

dCMP deaminase is an enzyme which converts deoxycytidylic acid to deoxyuridylic acid....

--- complement activating enzymes

--- complement c1r --- complement c1s --- complement factor d

--- esterases (EC 3.1)

--- carboxylic ester hydrolases --- acetylesterase

Acetylesterase

In enzymology, an acetylesterase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetic ester and H2O, whereas its two products are alcohol and acetate....

 --- carboxylesterase

Carboxylesterase

In enzymology, a carboxylesterase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are carboxylic ester and H2O, whereas its two products are alcohol and carboxylate....

 --- cholesterol esterase --- cholinesterases --- acetylcholinesterase

Acetylcholinesterase

"Acetylcholinesterase, also known as AChE or acetylcholine acetylhydrolase, is an enzyme that degrades the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, producing choline and an acetate group. It is mainly found at neuromuscular junctions and cholinergic nervous system, where its activity serves to terminate...

 --- butyrylcholinesterase

Butyrylcholinesterase

Butyrylcholinesterase is a non-specific cholinesterase enzyme that hydrolyses many different choline esters...

 --- pseudocholinesterase --- dehydroascorbatase --- lipase

Lipase

A lipase is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation or cleavage of fats . Lipases are a subclass of the esterases.Lipases perform essential roles in the digestion, transport and processing of dietary lipids in most, if not all, living organisms...

 --- pancrelipase

Pancrelipase

Pancrelipase is a form of enzyme therapy for the treatment of various digestive disorders, primarily exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. It is a mixture of three digestive enzymes, amylase, trypsin, and lipase, which are normally produced by the pancreas...

 --- lipoprotein lipase

Lipoprotein lipase

Lipoprotein lipase is a member of the lipase gene family, which includes pancreatic lipase, hepatic lipase, and endothelial lipase. It is a water soluble enzyme that hydrolyzes triglycerides in lipoproteins, such as those found in chylomicrons and very low-density lipoproteins , into two free...

 --- monoacylglycerol lipases --- naphthol as d esterase --- phospholipases --- lysophospholipase

Lysophospholipase

In enzymology, a lysophospholipase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 2-lysophosphatidylcholine and H2O, whereas its two products are glycerophosphocholine and carboxylate....

 --- phospholipases a --- 1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine esterase

1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine esterase

In enzymology, a 1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine esterase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and H2O, whereas its two products are 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and acetate.This...

 --- deoxyribonucleases --- endodeoxyribonucleases

Endodeoxyribonucleases

Endodeoxyribonucleases are enzymes which are both deoxyribonucleases and endonucleases.They are classified with EC numbers 3.1.21 through 3.1.25.Examples include:* DNA restriction enzymes* micrococcal nuclease...

 --- aspergillus nuclease s1 --- deoxyribonuclease (pyrimidine dimer) --- deoxyribonuclease i

Deoxyribonuclease I

Deoxyribonuclease I , is an endonuclease coded by the human gene DNASE1.DNase I is a nuclease that cleaves DNA preferentially at phosphodiester linkages adjacent to a pyrimidine nucleotide, yielding 5'-phosphate-terminated polynucleotides with a free hydroxyl group on position 3', on average...

 --- streptodornase and streptokinase --- deoxyribonuclease iv (phage t4-induced) --- dna restriction enzymes --- deoxyribonucleases, type i site-specific --- deoxyribonucleases, type ii site-specific --- deoxyribonuclease bamhi --- deoxyribonuclease ecori --- deoxyribonuclease hindiii --- deoxyribonuclease hpaii --- deoxyribonucleases, type iii site-specific --- holliday junction resolvases --- micrococcal nuclease

Micrococcal nuclease

Micrococcal Nuclease is an endo-exonuclease that preferentially digests single-stranded nucleic acids.The rate of cleavage is 30 times greater at the 5' side of A or T than at G or C and results in the production of mononucleotides and oligonucleotides with terminal 3'-phosphates...

 --- exodeoxyribonucleases

Exodeoxyribonucleases

Exodeoxyribonucleases are enzymes are in the EC number family 3.1.11.They catalyze the division of DNA.They are a type of esterase....

 --- exodeoxyribonuclease V --- endonucleases --- endodeoxyribonucleases

Endodeoxyribonucleases

Endodeoxyribonucleases are enzymes which are both deoxyribonucleases and endonucleases.They are classified with EC numbers 3.1.21 through 3.1.25.Examples include:* DNA restriction enzymes* micrococcal nuclease...

 --- aspergillus nuclease s1 --- dna restriction enzymes --- deoxyribonucleases, type i site-specific --- deoxyribonucleases, type ii site-specific --- deoxyribonuclease bamhi --- deoxyribonuclease ecori --- deoxyribonuclease hindiii --- deoxyribonuclease hpaii --- deoxyribonucleases, type iii site-specific --- flap endonucleases --- holliday junction resolvases --- micrococcal nuclease

Micrococcal nuclease

Micrococcal Nuclease is an endo-exonuclease that preferentially digests single-stranded nucleic acids.The rate of cleavage is 30 times greater at the 5' side of A or T than at G or C and results in the production of mononucleotides and oligonucleotides with terminal 3'-phosphates...

 --- endoribonucleases --- aspergillus nuclease s1 --- micrococcal nuclease

Micrococcal nuclease

Micrococcal Nuclease is an endo-exonuclease that preferentially digests single-stranded nucleic acids.The rate of cleavage is 30 times greater at the 5' side of A or T than at G or C and results in the production of mononucleotides and oligonucleotides with terminal 3'-phosphates...

 --- ribonuclease h, calf thymus --- ribonuclease, pancreatic --- ribonuclease t1

Ribonuclease T1

Ribonuclease T1 is a fungal endonuclease that cleaves single-stranded RNA after guanine residues, i.e., on their 3' end; the most commonly studied form of this enzyme is the version found in the mold Aspergillus oryzae. Owing to its specificity for guanine, RNase T1 is often used to digest...

 --- rna-induced silencing complex

RNA-induced silencing complex

RNA-Induced Silencing Complex, or RISC, is a multiprotein complex that incorporates one strand of a small interfering RNA or micro RNA . RISC uses the siRNA or miRNA as a template for recognizing complementary mRNA. When it finds a complementary strand, it activates RNase and cleaves the RNA...

 --- exonucleases --- exodeoxyribonucleases

Exodeoxyribonucleases

Exodeoxyribonucleases are enzymes are in the EC number family 3.1.11.They catalyze the division of DNA.They are a type of esterase....

 --- exoribonucleases --- phosphoric diester hydrolases --- annexin A3

Annexin A3

Annexin A3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ANXA3 gene.It is abnormally expressed in fetuses of both IVF and ICSI, which may contribute to the increase risk of birth defects in these ART.-Further reading:...

 --- 3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase

3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase

In enzymology, a 3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are guanosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate and H2O, whereas its product is guanosine 5'-phosphate....

 --- 3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase --- 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterases --- glycerophosphoinositol inositolphosphodiesterase

Glycerophosphoinositol inositolphosphodiesterase

In enzymology, a glycerophosphoinositol inositolphosphodiesterase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 1--1D-myo-inositol and H2O, whereas its two products are glycerol and 1D-myo-inositol 1-phosphate.This enzyme belongs to the family of...

 --- phosphodiesterase i --- phospholipases --- phospholipase c

Phospholipase C

Phosphoinositide phospholipase C is a family of eukaryotic intracellular enzymes that play an important role in signal transduction processes. In general, this enzyme is denoted as Phospholipase C, although three other families of phospholipase C enzymes have been identified in bacteria and in...

 --- phosphatidylinositol diacylglycerol-lyase

Phosphatidylinositol diacylglycerol-lyase

In enzymology, a phosphatidylinositol diacylglycerol-lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionHence, this enzyme has one substrate, 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol, and two products, 1D-myo-inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate and 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol.This enzyme belongs to the family of...

 --- phospholipase c gamma --- phospholipase d

Phospholipase D

Phospholipase D is an enzyme which is located in the plasma membrane and catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine to form phosphatidic acid , releasing the soluble choline headgroup into the cytosol...

 --- sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase

Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase

Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase or simply Sphingomyelinase is a hydrolase enzyme that is involved in sphingolipid metabolism reactions. SMase is a member of the DNase I superfamily of enzymes and is responsible for breaking sphingomyelin down into phosphocholine and ceramide...

 --- phosphoric monoester hydrolases

Phosphoric monoester hydrolases

Phosphoric monoester hydrolases are enzymes that catalyse the hydrolysis of O-P bonds by nucleophillic attack of phosphorus by cysteine residues or coordinated metal ions.They are categorized with the EC number 3.1.3....

 --- acid phosphatase

Acid phosphatase

Acid phosphatase is a phosphatase, a type of enzyme, used to free attached phosphate groups from other molecules during digestion. It is basically a phosphomonoesterase...

 --- alkaline phosphatase

Alkaline phosphatase

Alkaline phosphatase is a hydrolase enzyme responsible for removing phosphate groups from many types of molecules, including nucleotides, proteins, and alkaloids. The process of removing the phosphate group is called dephosphorylation...

 --- fructose-bisphosphatase --- glucose-6-phosphatase --- histidinol-phosphatase

Histidinol-phosphatase

In enzymology, a histidinol-phosphatase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-histidinol phosphate and H2O, whereas its two products are L-histidinol and phosphate....

 --- 4-nitrophenylphosphatase

4-nitrophenylphosphatase

In enzymology, a 4-nitrophenylphosphatase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 4-nitrophenyl phosphate and H2O, whereas its two products are 4-nitrophenol and phosphate....

 --- nucleotidases --- 5'-nucleotidase --- phosphatidate phosphatase

Phosphatidate phosphatase

In enzymology, a phosphatidate phosphatase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 3-sn-phosphatidate and H2O, whereas its two products are 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol and phosphate....

 --- phosphofructokinase-2 --- phosphoprotein phosphatase

Phosphoprotein phosphatase

Phosphoprotein phosphatase is an enzyme that dephosphorylates certain phosphorylated proteins.In some contexts, "Phosphoprotein phosphatase" is equated with serine/threonine specific protein phosphatase, and classified under ....

 --- calcineurin

Calcineurin

Calcineurin is a protein phosphatase also known as protein phosphatase 3, PPP3CA, and calcium-dependent serine-threonine phosphatase, and formerly known as protein phosphatase 2B . It activates the T cells of the immune system and can be blocked by drugs...

 --- glycogen-synthase-d phosphatase --- myosin-light-chain phosphatase --- phosphorylase phosphatase --- protein-tyrosine-phosphatase --- antigens, cd45 --- cdc25 phosphatase --- pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)-phosphatase --- 6-phytase --- pten phosphohydrolase --- phosphoric triester hydrolases --- aryldialkylphosphatase

Aryldialkylphosphatase

Aryldialkylphosphatase is an enzyme that hydrolyse organophosphates:...

 --- ribonucleases --- endoribonucleases --- aspergillus nuclease s1 --- eosinophil cationic protein

Eosinophil cationic protein

Eosinophil Cationic Protein also known as ribonuclease 3 is a basic protein located in the eosinophil primary matrix. In humans, the eosinophil cationic protein is encoded by the RNASE3 gene.ECP is released during degranulation of eosinophils...

 --- eosinophil-derived neurotoxin

Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin

Non-secretory ribonuclease is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RNASE2 gene.The protein encoded by this gene is found in eosinophil granulocytes.-Further reading:-External links:...

 --- micrococcal nuclease

Micrococcal nuclease

Micrococcal Nuclease is an endo-exonuclease that preferentially digests single-stranded nucleic acids.The rate of cleavage is 30 times greater at the 5' side of A or T than at G or C and results in the production of mononucleotides and oligonucleotides with terminal 3'-phosphates...

 --- ribonuclease h, calf thymus --- ribonuclease iii --- ribonuclease p --- ribonuclease, pancreatic --- ribonuclease t1

Ribonuclease T1

Ribonuclease T1 is a fungal endonuclease that cleaves single-stranded RNA after guanine residues, i.e., on their 3' end; the most commonly studied form of this enzyme is the version found in the mold Aspergillus oryzae. Owing to its specificity for guanine, RNase T1 is often used to digest...

 --- rna-induced silencing complex

RNA-induced silencing complex

RNA-Induced Silencing Complex, or RISC, is a multiprotein complex that incorporates one strand of a small interfering RNA or micro RNA . RISC uses the siRNA or miRNA as a template for recognizing complementary mRNA. When it finds a complementary strand, it activates RNase and cleaves the RNA...

 --- exoribonucleases --- sulfatases --- arylsulfatases --- n-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase --- cerebroside-sulfatase --- steryl-sulfatase --- chondroitinases and chondroitin lyases --- chondroitinsulfatases --- n-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase --- chondro-4-sulfatase

Chondro-4-sulfatase

In enzymology, a chondro-4-sulfatase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl--N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, 4-sulfate, and H2O, whereas its two products are 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl--N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and...

 --- iduronate sulfatase --- thiolester hydrolases --- acetyl-CoA hydrolase

Acetyl-CoA hydrolase

In enzymology, an acetyl-CoA hydrolase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and H2O, whereas its two products are CoA and acetate....

 --- palmitoyl-coa hydrolase

Palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase

In enzymology, a palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are palmitoyl-CoA and H2O, whereas its two products are CoA and palmitate....

 --- ubiquitin thiolesterase

--- glycoside hydrolases

--- amylases --- alpha-amylase

Alpha-Amylase

α-Amylase is an enzyme that hydrolyses alpha-bonds of large alpha-linked polysaccharides such as starch and glycogen, yielding glucose and maltose. It is the major form of amylase found in humans and other mammals...

 --- beta-amylase --- beta-fructofuranosidase --- chitinase

Chitinase

Chitinases are hydrolytic enzymes that break down glycosidic bonds in chitin. As chitin is a component of the cell walls of fungi and exoskeletal elements of some animals , chitinases are generally found in organisms that either need to reshape their own chitin or dissolve and digest the chitin of...

 --- dextranase --- disaccharidases --- sucrase

Sucrase

Sucrase is the name given to a number of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of sucrose to fructose and glucose. The enzyme invertase, which occurs more commonly in plants, also hydrolyzes sucrose but by a different mechanism.-Physiology:...

 --- sucrase-isomaltase complex --- trehalase

Trehalase

Trehalase is a glycoside hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of trehalose to glucose. It is found in most animals.The non-reducing disaccharide trehalose is one of the most important storage carbohydrates, which is present in almost all forms of life except mammals...

 --- alpha-L-fucosidase

Alpha-L-fucosidase

In enzymology, an alpha-L-fucosidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are alpha-L-fucoside and H2O, whereas its two products are L-fucose and alcohol....

 --- galactosidases

Galactosidases

Galactosidases are enzymes which catalyzes the hydrolysis of galactosides into monosaccharidesIf the galactoside is an alpha-galactoside, the enzyme is called alpha-galactosidase, and if it is a beta-galactoside, it is called beta-galactosidase.Both varieties are categorized under the EC number...

 --- alpha-galactosidase

Alpha-galactosidase

Alpha-galactosidase is a glycoside hydrolase enzyme that hydrolyses the terminal alpha-galactosyl moieties from glycolipids and glycoproteins. It is encoded by the gene.- Function :...

 --- beta-galactosidase

Beta-galactosidase

β-galactosidase, also called beta-gal or β-gal, is a hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of β-galactosides into monosaccharides. Substrates of different β-galactosidases include ganglioside GM1, lactosylceramides, lactose, and various glycoproteins...

 --- lactase

Lactase

Lactase , a part of the β-galactosidase family of enzymes, is a glycoside hydrolase involved in the hydrolysis of the disaccharide lactose into constituent galactose and glucose monomers...

 --- ceramide trihexosidase --- galactosylceramidase

Galactosylceramidase

Galactosylceramidase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GALC gene. Galactosylceramidase is an enzyme which removes galactose from ceramide derivatives .- Function :...

 --- glucosidases

Glucosidases

Glucosidases are glycoside hydrolase enzymes categorized under the EC number 3.2.1.-Function:α-glucosidases are enzymes involved in breaking down complex carbohydrates such as starch and glycogen...

 --- alpha-glucosidases --- cellulases --- beta-glucosidase --- cellulase

Cellulase

400px|thumb|right|alt = Colored dice with checkered background|Ribbon representation of the Streptomyces lividans beta-1,4-endoglucanase catalytic domain - an example from the family 12 glycoside hydrolases...

 --- cellulose 1,4-beta-cellobiosidase --- endo-1,3(4)-beta-glucanase --- glucan 1,3-beta-glucosidase --- glucan 1,4-beta-glucosidase --- glucan endo-1,3-beta-d-glucosidase --- glucan 1,4-alpha-glucosidase --- glycogen debranching enzyme system --- glycosylceramidase

Glycosylceramidase

In enzymology, a glycosylceramidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are glycosyl-N-acylsphingosine and H2O, whereas its two products are N-acylsphingosine and sugar....

 --- glucosylceramidase

Glucosylceramidase

In enzymology, a glucosylceramidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine and H2O, whereas its two products are D-glucose and N-acylsphingosine....

 --- glucuronidase

Glucuronidase

Beta-glucuronidases are members of the glycosidase family of enzymes that catalyze breakdown of complex carbohydrates. Human β-glucuronidase is a type of glucuronidase that catalyzes hydrolysis of β-D-glucuronic acid residues from the non-reducing end of mucopolysaccharides such as heparan sulfate...

 --- hexosaminidases --- acetylglucosaminidase --- alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase --- beta-n-acetyl-galactosaminidase --- beta-n-acetylhexosaminidase --- mannosyl-glycoprotein endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase --- hyaluronoglucosaminidase --- iduronidase

Iduronidase

Iduronidase is an enzyme involved in the degeneration of glycosaminoglycans such as dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate. It is found in the lysosomes of cells.-Pathology:...

 --- isoamylase --- mannosidases --- alpha-mannosidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

alpha-Mannosidase is an enzyme involved in the cleavage of the alpha form of mannose.- Isozymes :Humans express the following three alpha-mannosidase isozymes:- Applications :...

 --- beta-mannosidase --- muramidase --- neuraminidase

Neuraminidase

Neuraminidase enzymes are glycoside hydrolase enzymes that cleave the glycosidic linkages of neuraminic acids. Neuraminidase enzymes are a large family, found in a range of organisms. The most commonly known neuraminidase is the viral neuraminidase, a drug target for the prevention of the spread...

 --- n-glycosyl hydrolases --- dna glycosylases

DNA glycosylases

DNA glycosylases are a family of enzymes involved in base excision repair, classified under EC number EC 3.2.2. Base excision repair is the mechanism by which damaged bases in DNA are removed and replaced. DNA glycosylases catalyze the first step of this process...

 --- dna-formamidopyrimidine glycosylase --- thymine dna glycosylase --- nad+ nucleosidase

NAD+ nucleosidase

In enzymology, a NAD+ nucleosidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are NAD+ and H2O, whereas its two products are ADP-ribose and nicotinamide....

 --- adp-ribosyl cyclase --- antigens, cd38 --- oligo-1,6-glucosidase --- sucrase-isomaltase complex --- polygalacturonase

Polygalacturonase

Polygalacturonase is an enzyme produced in plants which is involved in the ripening process, and by some bacteria and fungi which is involved in the rotting process. PGs degrades polygalacturonan present in the cell walls of plants by hydrolysis of the glycosidic bonds that link galacturonic acid...

 --- xylosidases --- endo-1,4-beta xylanases --- xylan endo-1,3-beta-xylosidase

--- peptide hydrolases (EC 3.4)

--- atp-dependent proteases --- endopeptidase clp --- protease la --- endopeptidases --- aspartic endopeptidases --- cathepsin d --- cathepsin e --- chymosin

Chymosin

Chymosin or rennin is an enzyme found in rennet. It is produced by cows in the lining of the abomasum...

 --- hiv protease --- pepsin a --- renin

Renin

Renin , also known as an angiotensinogenase, is an enzyme that participates in the body's renin-angiotensin system -- also known as the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Axis -- that mediates extracellular volume , and arterial vasoconstriction...

 --- brinolase --- cathepsins --- carboxypeptidase c --- cathepsin b

Cathepsin B

Cathepsin B is an enzymatic protein belonging to the peptidase families. In humans, it is coded by the CTSB gene.- Function :...

 --- cathepsin d --- cathepsin e --- dipeptidyl peptidase i --- coagulase

Coagulase

Coagulase is a protein produced by several microorganisms that enables the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. In the laboratory, it is used to distinguish between different types of Staphylococcus isolates. Coagulase negativity excludes S. aureus. That is to say, S...

 --- cysteine endopeptidases --- bromelains --- calpain

Calpain

A calpain is a protein belonging to the family of calcium-dependent, non-lysosomal cysteine proteases expressed ubiquitously in mammals and many other organisms. Calpains constitute the C2 family of protease clan CA in the MEROPS database...

 --- caspases --- caspase 1

Caspase 1

Caspase 1 is an enzyme that proteolytically cleaves other proteins, such as the precursor forms of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1-β and interleukin 18, into active mature peptides...

 --- cathepsin b

Cathepsin B

Cathepsin B is an enzymatic protein belonging to the peptidase families. In humans, it is coded by the CTSB gene.- Function :...

 --- chymopapain

Chymopapain

Chymopapain is a proteolytic enzyme isolated from the latex of papaya , it is a medication used to treat slipped lower lumbar discs in the spine. Chymopapain injections should preferably be given under local, rather than general, anaesthesia...

 --- ficain

Ficain

Ficain is an enzyme that is derived from figs latex. It is of a family of proteases known as the cysteine endopeptidases, a group that also includes papain derived from papaya latex, bromelase extracted from pineapple stem, calpain, caspases, cathespisin B, and chymopapain...

 --- papain

Papain

Papain, also known as papaya proteinase I, is a cysteine protease enzyme present in papaya and mountain papaya .-Papain family:...

 --- metalloendopeptidases --- collagenases

Collagenases

Collagenases are enzymes that break the peptide bonds in collagen.They assist in destroying extracellular structures in pathogenesis of bacteria such as Clostridium. They are an exotoxin and help to facilitate the spread of gas gangrene...

 --- gelatinase a --- gelatinase b --- interstitial collagenase --- microbial collagenase --- neutrophil collagenase --- gelatinases --- gelatinase a --- gelatinase b --- insulysin --- lysostaphin

Lysostaphin

Lysostaphin is a Staphylococcus simulans metalloendopeptidase. It can function as an antimicrobial against Staphylococcus aureus.Lysostaphin is a 27 KDa glycylglycine endopeptidase, an antibacterial enzyme which is capable of cleaving the crosslinking pentaglycin bridges in the cell wall of...

 --- matrix metalloproteinases --- gelatinase a --- gelatinase b --- interstitial collagenase --- matrilysin --- neutrophil collagenase --- stromelysin 1 --- neprilysin

Neprilysin

Neprilysin, also known as membrane metallo-endopeptidase, neutral endopeptidase , CD10, and common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen , is a zinc-dependent metalloprotease enzyme that degrades a number of small secreted peptides, most notably the amyloid beta peptide whose abnormal misfolding and...

 --- pregnancy-associated plasma protein-a --- procollagen n-endopeptidase --- pronase

Pronase

Pronase is a commercially available mixture of proteinases isolated from the extracellular fluid of Streptomyces griseus. Activity extends to both denatured and native proteins leading to complete or nearly complete digestion into individual amino acids....

 --- thermolysin

Thermolysin

Thermolysin is a thermostable neutral metalloproteinase enzyme produced by the gram-positive bacteria Bacillus thermoproteolyticus. It requires one zinc ion for enzyme activity and four calcium ions for structural stability. Thermolysin specifically catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptide bonds...

 --- serine endopeptidases --- acrosin

Acrosin

Acrosin is a digestive enzyme that acts as a protease. In humans, acrosin is encoded by the ACR gene. Acrosin is released from the acrosome of spermatozoa as a consequence of the acrosome reaction. It aids in the penetration of the Zona Pellucida....

 --- chymotrypsin

Chymotrypsin

Chymotrypsin is a digestive enzyme that can perform proteolysis. Chymotrypsin preferentially cleaves peptide amide bonds where the carboxyl side of the amide bond is a tyrosine, tryptophan, or phenylalanine. These amino acids contain an aromatic ring in their sidechain that fits into a...

 --- complement factor b --- complement factor d --- complement factor i

Complement factor I

Complement factor I, also known as C3B/C4B inactivator, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CFI gene.Complement Factor I is a protein of the complement system, first isolated in 1966 in guinea pig serum that regulates complement activation by cleaving cell-bound or fluid phase C3b and...

 --- endopeptidase clp --- endopeptidase k --- enteropeptidase

Enteropeptidase

Enteropeptidase is an enzyme produced by cells of the duodenum and involved in human digestion. It is secreted from intestinal glands following the entry of ingested food passing from the stomach...

 --- factor viia --- factor ixa --- factor xa --- factor xia --- factor xiia --- furin

Furin

Furin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FURIN gene. It was named furin because it was in the upstream region of an oncogene known as FES. The gene was known as FUR and therefore the protein was named furin...

 --- kallikreins --- plasma kallikrein --- prekallikrein

Prekallikrein

Prekallikrein , also known as Fletcher factor, is a 85,000 Mr serine protease that complexes with High-molecular-weight kininogen. PK is the precursor of plasma kallikrein, which is a serine protease that activates kinins. PK is cleaved to produce kallikrein by activated Factor XII . -...

 --- prostate-specific antigen --- tissue kallikreins --- mannose-binding protein-associated serine proteases --- pancreatic elastase

Pancreatic elastase

Pancreatic elastase is a form of elastase that is formed in the pancreas. Elastases form a subfamily of serine proteases that hydrolyze many proteins in addition to elastin....

 --- leukocyte elastase --- plasmin

Plasmin

Plasmin is an important enzyme present in blood that degrades many blood plasma proteins, most notably, fibrin clots. The degradation of fibrin is termed fibrinolysis. In humans, the plasmin protein is encoded by the PLG gene.- Function :...

 --- plasminogen activators

Plasminogen activators

Plasminogen activators can refer to:* Tissue plasminogen activator* Urinary plasminogen activator...

 --- anistreplase

Anistreplase

Anistreplase is a thrombolytic drug.Anistreplase has been developed by Beecham as Eminase. It is also known as anisoylated plasminogen streptokinase activator complex -Mechanism:...

 --- proprotein convertase 1

Proprotein convertase 1

Proprotein convertase 1, also known as prohormone convertase, prohormone convertase 3, or neuroendocrine convertase 1 and often abbreviated as PC1/3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PCSK1 gene...

 --- proprotein convertase 2

Proprotein convertase 2

Proprotein convertase 2 also known as prohormone convertase 2 or neuroendocrine convertase 2 is a serine protease and proprotein convertase PC2, like proprotein convertase 1 , is an enzyme responsible for the first step in the maturation of many neuroendocrine peptides from their precursors, such...

 --- proprotein convertase 5 --- pronase

Pronase

Pronase is a commercially available mixture of proteinases isolated from the extracellular fluid of Streptomyces griseus. Activity extends to both denatured and native proteins leading to complete or nearly complete digestion into individual amino acids....

 --- protease la --- subtilisins --- subtilisin

Subtilisin

Subtilisin is a non-specific protease initially obtained from Bacillus subtilis.Subtilisins belong to subtilases, a group of serine proteases that initiate the nucleophilic attack on the peptide bond through a serine residue at the active site. They are physically and chemically...

 --- thrombin

Thrombin

Thrombin is a "trypsin-like" serine protease protein that in humans is encoded by the F2 gene. Prothrombin is proteolytically cleaved to form thrombin in the first step of the coagulation cascade, which ultimately results in the stemming of blood loss...

 --- tissue plasminogen activator

Tissue plasminogen activator

Tissue plasminogen activator is a protein involved in the breakdown of blood clots. It is a serine protease found on endothelial cells, the cells that line the blood vessels. As an enzyme, it catalyzes the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, the major enzyme responsible for clot breakdown...

 --- trypsin

Trypsin

Trypsin is a serine protease found in the digestive system of many vertebrates, where it hydrolyses proteins. Trypsin is produced in the pancreas as the inactive proenzyme trypsinogen. Trypsin cleaves peptide chains mainly at the carboxyl side of the amino acids lysine or arginine, except when...

 --- urinary plasminogen activator --- venombin a --- ancrod

Ancrod

Ancrod is a defibrinogenating agent derived from the venom of the Malayan pit viper. Defibrinogenating blood produces an anticoagulant effect. Ancrod is not approved or marketed in any country, but is being investigated as a stroke treatment in worldwide clinical trials. In January 2005, the U.S...

 --- batroxobin

Batroxobin

Batroxobin is a serine protease derived from the venom of Bothrops atrox. Its molecular weight is approximately 43,000 g/mol−1.This thrombin-like proteolytic enzyme splits the 16 Arg-17 Gly bond in the A-chain of fibrinogen, releasing fibrinopeptide A and leading to the clot formation through...

 --- streptokinase

Streptokinase

Streptokinase , a protein secreted by several species of streptococci can bind and activate human plasminogen. SK is used as an effective and inexpensive thrombolysis medication in some cases of myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism...

 --- anistreplase

Anistreplase

Anistreplase is a thrombolytic drug.Anistreplase has been developed by Beecham as Eminase. It is also known as anisoylated plasminogen streptokinase activator complex -Mechanism:...

 --- streptodornase and streptokinase --- exopeptidases --- aminopeptidases --- amino acid naphthylamidases --- leucyl-beta-naphthylamidase --- antigens, cd13 --- cystinyl aminopeptidase

Cystinyl aminopeptidase

Leucyl-cystinyl aminopeptidase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the LNPEP gene.-Interactions:Cystinyl aminopeptidase has been shown to interact with TNKS2.-External links:* The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors:...

 --- glutamyl aminopeptidase

Glutamyl aminopeptidase

Glutamyl aminopeptidase also known as aminopeptidase A is an enzyme encoded by the gene. Glutamyl aminopeptidase has also recently been designated CD249 ....

 --- leucyl aminopeptidase

Leucyl aminopeptidase

Leucyl aminopeptidases are enzymes that preferentially catalyze the hydrolysis of leucine residues at the N-terminus of peptides and proteins. Other N-terminal residues can also be cleaved, however. LAPs have been found across superkingdoms. Identified LAPs include human LAP, bovine lens LAP,...

 --- leucyl-beta-naphthylamidase --- pyroglutamyl-peptidase i --- carboxypeptidases --- carboxypeptidases a --- carboxypeptidase b

Carboxypeptidase B

Carboxypeptidase B is a carboxypeptidase that preferentially acts upon basic amino acids, such as arginine and lysine.-External links:* The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors:...

 --- carboxypeptidase c --- carboxypeptidase h --- carboxypeptidase u --- serine-type d-ala-d-ala carboxypeptidase --- gamma-glutamyl hydrolase --- glutamate carboxypeptidase ii

Glutamate carboxypeptidase II

Glutamate carboxypeptidase II , also known as N-acetyl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamate peptidase I , NAAG peptidase, or Prostate specific membrane antigen is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FOLH1 gene...

 --- lysine carboxypeptidase --- muramoylpentapeptide carboxypeptidase --- dipeptidases --- dipeptidyl peptidases --- antigens, cd26 --- dipeptidyl peptidase i --- metalloexopeptidases --- antigens, cd13 --- carboxypeptidase b

Carboxypeptidase B

Carboxypeptidase B is a carboxypeptidase that preferentially acts upon basic amino acids, such as arginine and lysine.-External links:* The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors:...

 --- carboxypeptidase h --- carboxypeptidase u --- carboxypeptidases a --- cystinyl aminopeptidase

Cystinyl aminopeptidase

Leucyl-cystinyl aminopeptidase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the LNPEP gene.-Interactions:Cystinyl aminopeptidase has been shown to interact with TNKS2.-External links:* The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors:...

 --- glutamate carboxypeptidase ii

Glutamate carboxypeptidase II

Glutamate carboxypeptidase II , also known as N-acetyl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamate peptidase I , NAAG peptidase, or Prostate specific membrane antigen is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FOLH1 gene...

 --- glutamyl aminopeptidase

Glutamyl aminopeptidase

Glutamyl aminopeptidase also known as aminopeptidase A is an enzyme encoded by the gene. Glutamyl aminopeptidase has also recently been designated CD249 ....

 --- leucyl aminopeptidase

Leucyl aminopeptidase

Leucyl aminopeptidases are enzymes that preferentially catalyze the hydrolysis of leucine residues at the N-terminus of peptides and proteins. Other N-terminal residues can also be cleaved, however. LAPs have been found across superkingdoms. Identified LAPs include human LAP, bovine lens LAP,...

 --- leucyl-beta-naphthylamidase --- lysine carboxypeptidase --- peptidyl-dipeptidase a --- metalloproteases --- metalloendopeptidases --- adam proteins --- collagenases

Collagenases

Collagenases are enzymes that break the peptide bonds in collagen.They assist in destroying extracellular structures in pathogenesis of bacteria such as Clostridium. They are an exotoxin and help to facilitate the spread of gas gangrene...

 --- gelatinase a --- gelatinase b --- interstitial collagenase --- microbial collagenase --- neutrophil collagenase --- gelatinases --- gelatinase a --- gelatinase b --- insulysin --- lysostaphin

Lysostaphin

Lysostaphin is a Staphylococcus simulans metalloendopeptidase. It can function as an antimicrobial against Staphylococcus aureus.Lysostaphin is a 27 KDa glycylglycine endopeptidase, an antibacterial enzyme which is capable of cleaving the crosslinking pentaglycin bridges in the cell wall of...

 --- matrix metalloproteinases --- gelatinase a --- gelatinase b --- interstitial collagenase --- matrilysin --- neutrophil collagenase --- stromelysin 1 --- neprilysin

Neprilysin

Neprilysin, also known as membrane metallo-endopeptidase, neutral endopeptidase , CD10, and common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen , is a zinc-dependent metalloprotease enzyme that degrades a number of small secreted peptides, most notably the amyloid beta peptide whose abnormal misfolding and...

 --- pregnancy-associated plasma protein-a --- procollagen n-endopeptidase --- pronase

Pronase

Pronase is a commercially available mixture of proteinases isolated from the extracellular fluid of Streptomyces griseus. Activity extends to both denatured and native proteins leading to complete or nearly complete digestion into individual amino acids....

 --- thermolysin

Thermolysin

Thermolysin is a thermostable neutral metalloproteinase enzyme produced by the gram-positive bacteria Bacillus thermoproteolyticus. It requires one zinc ion for enzyme activity and four calcium ions for structural stability. Thermolysin specifically catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptide bonds...

 --- metalloexopeptidases --- antigens, cd13 --- carboxypeptidase b

Carboxypeptidase B

Carboxypeptidase B is a carboxypeptidase that preferentially acts upon basic amino acids, such as arginine and lysine.-External links:* The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors:...

 --- carboxypeptidase h --- carboxypeptidase u --- carboxypeptidases a --- cystinyl aminopeptidase

Cystinyl aminopeptidase

Leucyl-cystinyl aminopeptidase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the LNPEP gene.-Interactions:Cystinyl aminopeptidase has been shown to interact with TNKS2.-External links:* The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors:...

 --- glutamate carboxypeptidase ii

Glutamate carboxypeptidase II

Glutamate carboxypeptidase II , also known as N-acetyl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamate peptidase I , NAAG peptidase, or Prostate specific membrane antigen is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FOLH1 gene...

 --- glutamyl aminopeptidase

Glutamyl aminopeptidase

Glutamyl aminopeptidase also known as aminopeptidase A is an enzyme encoded by the gene. Glutamyl aminopeptidase has also recently been designated CD249 ....

 --- leucyl aminopeptidase

Leucyl aminopeptidase

Leucyl aminopeptidases are enzymes that preferentially catalyze the hydrolysis of leucine residues at the N-terminus of peptides and proteins. Other N-terminal residues can also be cleaved, however. LAPs have been found across superkingdoms. Identified LAPs include human LAP, bovine lens LAP,...

 --- leucyl-beta-naphthylamidase --- lysine carboxypeptidase --- proprotein convertases --- carboxypeptidase h --- carboxypeptidase u --- furin

Furin

Furin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FURIN gene. It was named furin because it was in the upstream region of an oncogene known as FES. The gene was known as FUR and therefore the protein was named furin...

 --- proprotein convertase 1

Proprotein convertase 1

Proprotein convertase 1, also known as prohormone convertase, prohormone convertase 3, or neuroendocrine convertase 1 and often abbreviated as PC1/3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PCSK1 gene...

 --- proprotein convertase 2

Proprotein convertase 2

Proprotein convertase 2 also known as prohormone convertase 2 or neuroendocrine convertase 2 is a serine protease and proprotein convertase PC2, like proprotein convertase 1 , is an enzyme responsible for the first step in the maturation of many neuroendocrine peptides from their precursors, such...

 --- proprotein convertase 5 --- renin

Renin

Renin , also known as an angiotensinogenase, is an enzyme that participates in the body's renin-angiotensin system -- also known as the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Axis -- that mediates extracellular volume , and arterial vasoconstriction...

 --- proteasome endopeptidase complex

--- cis-trans-isomerases (EC 5.2)

--- peptidylprolyl isomerase --- immunophilins

Immunophilins

In molecular biology, immunophilins are endogenous cytosolic peptidyl-prolyl isomerases that interconvert between the cis and trans positions.Immunophilins are targeted by immunosuppressive drugs such as rapamycin, ciclosporin, and tacrolimus...

 --- cyclophilins --- cyclophilin A --- tacrolimus binding proteins --- tacrolimus binding protein 1a

--- dna helicases

--- xeroderma pigmentosum group d protein

--- dna topoisomerases

--- dna topoisomerases, type i --- dna topoisomerases, type i, archaeal --- dna topoisomerases, type i, bacterial --- dna topoisomerases, type i, eukaryotic --- dna topoisomerases, type ii --- dna topoisomerases, type ii, archaeal --- dna topoisomerases, type ii, bacterial --- dna gyrase

DNA gyrase

DNA gyrase, often referred to simply as gyrase, is an enzyme that relieves strain while double-stranded DNA is being unwound by helicase. This causes negative supercoiling of the DNA...

 --- dna topoisomerase iv --- dna topoisomerases, type ii, eukaryotic

--- intramolecular lyases (EC 5.5)

--- myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase

--- intramolecular oxidoreductases (EC 5.3)

--- aldose-ketose isomerases --- autocrine motility factor --- glucose-6-phosphate isomerase

Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase

-Other functions:There is evidence that phosphoglucose isomerase acts as a molecular messenger. It is produced and secreted by white blood cells, and acts to regulate the growth of several different cell types.-Pathology:...

 --- mannose-6-phosphate isomerase --- neuroleukin --- triose-phosphate isomerase --- carbon-carbon double bond isomerases --- steroid isomerases --- sulfur-sulfur bond isomerases --- protein disulfide-isomerase --- thromboxane-a synthase

Thromboxane-A synthase

Thromboxane A synthase 1 , also known as TBXAS1, is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the TBXAS1 gene.- Function :This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes...

--- intramolecular transferases (EC 5.4)

--- 2-acetolactate mutase

2-acetolactate mutase

In enzymology, a 2-acetolactate mutase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionHence, this enzyme has one substrate, 2-acetolactate, and one product, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate....

 --- chorismate mutase

Chorismate mutase

In enzymology, a chorismate mutase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction for the conversion of chorismate to prephenate in the pathway to the production of phenylalanine and tyrosine, also known as the shikimate pathway....

 --- prephenate dehydratase

Prephenate dehydratase

In enzymology, a prephenate dehydratase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionHence, this enzyme has one substrate, prephenate, but 3 products: phenylpyruvate, H2O, and CO2....

 --- prephenate dehydrogenase

Prephenate dehydrogenase

In enzymology, a prephenate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are prephenate and NAD+, whereas its 3 products are 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate, CO2, and NADH....

 --- methylmalonyl-coa mutase

Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase

Methylmalonyl Coenzyme A mutase, also known as MCM is an enzyme that catalyzes the isomerization of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA and it is involved in key metabolic pathways...

 --- phosphotransferases (phosphomutases) --- bisphosphoglycerate mutase

Bisphosphoglycerate mutase

Bisphosphoglycerate mutase is an enzyme unique to erythrocytes and placental cells. It is responsible for the catalytic synthesis of 2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate...

 --- phosphoglucomutase

Phosphoglucomutase

Phosphoglucomutase is an enzyme that transfers a phosphate group on an α-D-glucose monomer from the 1' to the 6' position in the forward direction or the 6' to the 1' position in the reverse direction....

 --- phosphoglycerate mutase

Phosphoglycerate mutase

-Overview:Phosphoglycerate mutase is an enzyme that catalyzes step 8 of glycolysis. It catalyzes the internal transfer of a phosphate group from C-3 to C-2 which results in the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate through a 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate intermediate.This enzyme is...

--- racemases and epimerases (EC 5.1)

--- amino acid isomerases --- alanine racemase

Alanine racemase

In enzymology, an alanine racemase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionHence, this enzyme has one substrate, L-alanine, and one product, D-alanine....

 --- carbohydrate epimerases --- UDP-glucose 4-epimerase

UDP-glucose 4-epimerase

The enzyme UDP-glucose 4-epimerase , also known as UDP-galactose 4-epimerase or GALE, is a homodimeric epimerase found in bacterial, plant, and mammalian cells. This enzyme performs the final step in the Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism, catalyzing the reversible conversion of UDP-galactose...

--- carbon-carbon ligases (EC 6.4)

--- acetyl-coa carboxylase

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase is a biotin-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the irreversible carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to produce malonyl-CoA through its two catalytic activities, biotin carboxylase and carboxyltransferase...

 --- polyketide synthases --- pyruvate carboxylase

Pyruvate carboxylase

Pyruvate carboxylase is an enzyme of the ligase class that catalyzes the irreversible carboxylation of pyruvate to form oxaloacetate .It is an important anaplerotic reaction that creates oxaloacetate from pyruvate...

--- carbon-nitrogen ligases (EC 6.3)

--- adenylosuccinate synthase

Adenylosuccinate synthase

In molecular biology, Adenylosuccinate synthase is an enzyme that plays an important role in purine biosynthesis, by catalysing the guanosine triphosphate -dependent conversion of inosine monophosphate and aspartic acid to guanosine diphosphate , phosphate and N--AMP...

 --- amide synthases --- aspartate-ammonia ligase

Aspartate-ammonia ligase

In enzymology, an aspartate-ammonia ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, L-aspartate, and NH3, whereas its 3 products are AMP, diphosphate, and L-asparagine....

 --- glutamate-ammonia ligase --- argininosuccinate synthase --- carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (ammonia) --- carbon-nitrogen ligases with glutamine as amide-n-donor --- carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) --- formate-tetrahydrofolate ligase

Formate-tetrahydrofolate ligase

In enzymology, a formate-tetrahydrofolate ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, formate, and tetrahydrofolate, whereas its 3 products are ADP, phosphate, and 10-formyltetrahydrofolate....

 --- peptide synthases --- glutamate-cysteine ligase

Glutamate-cysteine ligase

In enzymology, a glutamate-cysteine ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, L-glutamate, and L-cysteine, whereas its 3 products are ADP, phosphate, and gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine....

 --- glutathione synthase

Glutathione synthase

In enzymology, a glutathione synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine, and glycine, whereas its 3 products are ADP, phosphate, and glutathione....

--- carbon-oxygen ligases (EC 6.1)

--- amino acyl-trna synthetases --- alanine—tRNA ligase --- arginine—tRNA ligase --- aspartate—tRNA ligase --- glutamate-trna ligase

Glutamate-tRNA ligase

In enzymology, a glutamate-tRNA ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, L-glutamate, and tRNA, whereas its 3 products are AMP, diphosphate, and L-glutamyl-tRNA....

 --- glycine-trna ligase

Glycine-tRNA ligase

In enzymology, a glycine-tRNA ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, glycine, and tRNA, whereas its 3 products are AMP, diphosphate, and glycyl-tRNA....

 --- histidine-trna ligase

Histidine-tRNA ligase

In enzymology, a histidine-tRNA ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, L-histidine, and tRNA, whereas its 3 products are AMP, diphosphate, and L-histidyl-tRNA....

 --- isoleucine-trna ligase

Isoleucine-tRNA ligase

In enzymology, an isoleucine-tRNA ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, L-isoleucine, and tRNA, whereas its 3 products are AMP, diphosphate, and L-isoleucyl-tRNA....

 --- leucine-trna ligase

Leucine-tRNA ligase

In enzymology, a leucine-tRNA ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, L-leucine, and tRNA, whereas its 3 products are AMP, diphosphate, and L-leucyl-tRNA....

 --- lysine-trna ligase

Lysine-tRNA ligase

In enzymology, a lysine-tRNA ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, L-lysine, and tRNA, whereas its 3 products are AMP, diphosphate, and L-lysyl-tRNA....

 --- methionine-trna ligase

Methionine-tRNA ligase

In enzymology, a methionine-tRNA ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, L-methionine, and tRNA, whereas its 3 products are AMP, diphosphate, and L-methionyl-tRNA....

 --- phenylalanine-trna ligase

Phenylalanine-tRNA ligase

In enzymology, a phenylalanine-tRNA ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, L-phenylalanine, and tRNA, whereas its 3 products are AMP, diphosphate, and L-phenylalanyl-tRNA....

 --- serine-trna ligase

Serine-tRNA ligase

In enzymology, a serine-tRNA ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, L-serine, and tRNA, whereas its 3 products are AMP, diphosphate, and L-seryl-tRNA....

 --- threonine—tRNA ligase --- tryptophan—tRNA ligase --- tyrosine—tRNA ligase --- valine—tRNA ligase

--- carbon-sulfur ligases (EC 6.2)

--- coenzyme a ligases --- acetate-coa ligase --- succinate-coa ligases

--- polynucleotide ligases

--- dna ligases --- rna ligase (atp)

RNA ligase (ATP)

In enzymology, an RNA ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, n, and m, whereas its 3 products are AMP, diphosphate, and n+m....

--- ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes

--- ubiquitin-activating enzymes --- ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes --- ubiquitin-protein ligases --- fanconi anemia complementation group l protein --- proto-oncogene proteins c-cbl --- proto-oncogene proteins c-mdm2 --- skp cullin f-box protein ligases --- cullin proteins --- von hippel-lindau tumor suppressor protein

--- carbon-carbon lyases (EC 4.1)

--- aldehyde lyases --- 2-dehydro-3-deoxyphosphoheptonate aldolase --- fructose-bisphosphate aldolase

Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase

In molecular biology, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase , is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyses the reversible aldol cleavage or condensation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into dihydroxyacetone-phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate...

 --- carboxy-lyases

Carboxy-lyases

Carboxy-lyases, also known as decarboxylases, are carbon–carbon lyases that add or remove a carboxyl group from organic compounds.These enzymes catalyze the decarboxylation of amino acids, beta-keto acids and alpha-keto acids....

 --- adenosylmethionine decarboxylase

Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase

Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of S-adenosyl methionine to S-adenosylmethioninamine.Polyamines such as spermidine and spermine are essential for cellular growth under most conditions, being implicated in a large number of cellular processes including...

 --- aromatic-l-amino-acid decarboxylases --- dopa decarboxylase --- glutamate decarboxylase

Glutamate decarboxylase

Glutamate decarboxylase or glutamic acid decarboxylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the decarboxylation of glutamate to GABA and CO2. GAD uses PLP as a cofactor. The reaction proceeds as follows:...

 --- histidine decarboxylase

Histidine decarboxylase

Histidine decarboxylase is the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces histamine from histidine with the help of vitamin B6 as follows:C6H9N3O2 → C5H9N3 + CO2...

 --- indole-3-glycerol-phosphate synthase

Indole-3-glycerol-phosphate synthase

In enzymology, an indole-3-glycerol-phosphate synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionHence, this enzyme has one substrate, 1--1-deoxy-D-ribulose 5-phosphate, but 3 products: 1-C--glycerol 3-phosphate, CO2, and H2O.This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, to be specific, the...

 --- methylmalonyl-coa decarboxylase

Methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase

In enzymology, a methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction-methylmalonyl-CoA \rightleftharpoons propanoyl-CoA + CO2Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, -methylmalonyl-CoA, and two products, propanoyl-CoA and CO2....

 --- ornithine decarboxylase

Ornithine decarboxylase

The enzyme ornithine decarboxylase catalyzes the decarboxylation of ornithine to form putrescine. This reaction is the committed step in polyamine synthesis. In humans, this protein has 461 amino acids and forms a homodimer....

 --- orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase --- phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (atp) --- phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (gtp) --- phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase is an enzyme in the family of carboxy-lyases that catalyzes the addition of bicarbonate to phosphoenolpyruvate to form the four-carbon compound oxaloacetate:This reaction is used for carbon fixation in so-called "CAM" and "C4" plants where it plays a key role in...

 --- pyruvate decarboxylase

Pyruvate decarboxylase

Not to be confused with pyruvate dehydrogenase, the enzyme which catalyses the link reaction.Pyruvate decarboxylase is a homotetrameric enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of pyruvic acid to acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide in the cytoplasm. It is also called 2-oxo-acid carboxylase,...

 --- ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase --- tyrosine decarboxylase

Tyrosine decarboxylase

In enzymology, a tyrosine decarboxylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionHence, this enzyme has one substrate, L-tyrosine, and two products, tyramine and carbon dioxide....

 --- uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase --- deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase

Deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase

In enzymology, a deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionHence, this enzyme has one substrate, cyclobutadipyrimidine , and one product, pyrimidine residues ....

 --- oxo-acid-lyases --- anthranilate synthase

Anthranilate synthase

In enzymology, an anthranilate synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are chorismate and L-glutamine, whereas its 3 products are anthranilate, pyruvate, and L-glutamate....

 --- isocitrate lyase

Isocitrate lyase

Isocitrate lyase , or ICL, is an enzyme in the glyoxylate cycle that catalyzes the cleavage of isocitrate to succinate and glyoxylate. Together with malate synthase, it bypasses the two decarboxylation steps of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and is used by bacteria, fungi, and plants.The systematic...

 --- tryptophanase

Tryptophanase

In enzymology, a tryptophanase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-tryptophan and H2O, whereas its 3 products are indole, pyruvate, and NH3....

 --- tyrosine phenol-lyase

Tyrosine phenol-lyase

In enzymology, a tyrosine phenol-lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-tyrosine and H2O, whereas its 3 products are phenol, pyruvate, and NH3....

--- carbon-nitrogen lyases (EC 4.3)

--- amidine-lyases --- adenylosuccinate lyase

Adenylosuccinate lyase

Adenylosuccinate lyase is an enzyme that converts adenylosuccinate to AMP and fumarate as part of the purine nucleotide cycle....

 --- argininosuccinate lyase --- delta-crystallins --- ammonia-lyases --- aspartate ammonia-lyase

Aspartate ammonia-lyase

In enzymology, an aspartate ammonia-lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionHence, this enzyme has one substrate, L-aspartate, and two products, fumarate and NH3....

 --- ethanolamine ammonia-lyase

Ethanolamine ammonia-lyase

In enzymology, an ethanolamine ammonia-lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionHence, this enzyme has one substrate, ethanolamine, and two products, acetaldehyde and NH3....

 --- histidine ammonia-lyase

Histidine ammonia-lyase

Histidine ammonia-lyase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HAL gene. Histidase converts histidine into ammonia and urocanic acid.- Function :...

 --- l-serine dehydratase --- phenylalanine ammonia-lyase

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase

In enzymology, a phenylalanine ammonia-lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionHence, this enzyme has one substrate, L-phenylalanine, and two products, trans-cinnamic acid and ammonia....

 --- threonine dehydratase

--- carbon-oxygen lyases (EC 4.2)

--- DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase

DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase

In enzymology, a DNA- lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThis enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the "catch-all" class of lyases that cleave carbon-oxygen bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is DNA- 5'-phosphomonoester-lyase...

 --- hydro-lyases --- aconitate hydratase --- iron regulatory protein 1 --- iron regulatory protein 2 --- carbonic anhydrases --- carbonic anhydrase i --- carbonic anhydrase ii

Carbonic anhydrase II

Carbonic anhydrase II , is one of fourteen forms of human α carbonic anhydrases. Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes reversible hydration of carbon dioxide...

 --- carbonic anhydrase iii --- carbonic anhydrase iv --- carbonic anhydrase v --- cystathionine beta-synthase --- enoyl-coa hydratase

Enoyl-CoA hydratase

Enoyl-CoA hydratase is an enzyme that hydrates the double bond between the second and third carbons on acyl-CoA. This enzyme, also known as crotonase, is essential to metabolizing fatty acids to produce both acetyl CoA and energy. Note the crystal structure at right of enoyl-coa hydratase from a...

 --- fumarate hydratase --- phosphopyruvate hydratase

Phosphopyruvate hydratase

In enzymology, a phosphopyruvate hydratase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionHence, this enzyme has one substrate, 2-phospho-D-glycerate, and two products, phosphoenolpyruvate and H2O....

 --- tau-crystallins --- porphobilinogen synthase

Porphobilinogen synthase

Porphobilinogen synthase synthesizes porphobilinogen through the asymmetric condensation of two molecules of aminolevulinic acid...

 --- prephenate dehydratase

Prephenate dehydratase

In enzymology, a prephenate dehydratase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionHence, this enzyme has one substrate, prephenate, but 3 products: phenylpyruvate, H2O, and CO2....

 --- propanediol dehydratase

Propanediol dehydratase

In enzymology, a propanediol dehydratase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionHence, this enzyme has one substrate, 1,2-propanediol, and two products, propanal and H2O....

 --- tryptophan synthase

Tryptophan synthase

Tryptophan synthase or tryptophan synthetase is an enzyme that catalyzes the final two steps in the biosynthesis of tryptophan. It is commonly found in Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, and Plantae. However, it is absent from animalia. It is typically found as an α2β2 tetramer...

 --- urocanate hydratase

Urocanate hydratase

Urocanase is the enzyme that catalyzes the second step in the degradation of histidine, the hydration of urocanate into imidazolonepropionate....

 --- uroporphyrinogen iii synthetase --- polysaccharide-lyases --- chondroitinases and chondroitin lyases --- chondroitin lyases --- chondroitin abc lyase --- heparin lyase

Heparin lyase

In enzymology, a heparin lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThis enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically those carbon-oxygen lyases acting on polysaccharides. The systematic name of this enzyme class is heparin lyase. Other names in common use include heparin...

 --- hyaluronoglucosaminidase

--- carbon-sulfur lyases (EC 4.4)

--- cystathionine gamma-lyase

Cystathionine gamma-lyase

Cystathionine gamma-lyase is an enzyme which breaks down cystathionine into cysteine and α-ketobutyrate. Pyridoxal phosphate is a prosthetic group of this enzyme....

 --- lactoylglutathione lyase

Lactoylglutathione lyase

In enzymology, a lactoylglutathione lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the isomerization of hemithioacetal adducts, which are formed in a spontaneous reaction between a glutathionyl group and aldehydes such as methylglyoxal.The systematic name of this enzyme class is -S-lactoylglutathione...

--- phosphorus-oxygen lyases (EC 4.6)

--- adenylate cyclase

Adenylate cyclase

Adenylate cyclase is part of the G protein signalling cascade, which transmits chemical signals from outside the cell across the membrane to the inside of the cell ....

 --- adenylate cyclase toxin --- guanylate cyclase

Guanylate cyclase

-Reaction:Guanylate cyclase catalyzes the reaction of guanosine triphosphate to 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate and pyrophosphate:-Types:...

 --- receptors, guanylate cyclase-coupled --- receptors, atrial natriuretic factor --- phosphatidylinositol diacylglycerol-lyase

Phosphatidylinositol diacylglycerol-lyase

In enzymology, a phosphatidylinositol diacylglycerol-lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionHence, this enzyme has one substrate, 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol, and two products, 1D-myo-inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate and 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol.This enzyme belongs to the family of...

--- multienzyme complexes

--- anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase

Anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase

In enzymology, an anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are N--anthranilate and diphosphate, whereas its two products are anthranilate and 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.This enzyme belongs to the...

 --- anthranilate synthase

Anthranilate synthase

In enzymology, an anthranilate synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are chorismate and L-glutamine, whereas its 3 products are anthranilate, pyruvate, and L-glutamate....

 --- aspartate carbamoyltransferase

Aspartate carbamoyltransferase

Aspartate carbamoyltransferase catalyzes the first step in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway .In E. coli, the enzyme is a multi-subunit protein complex composed of 12 subunits...

 --- aspartokinase homoserine dehydrogenase --- cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme

Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme

Cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 , often referred to as P450scc , is a mitochondrial enzyme associated with the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone. The gene name is CYP11A1...

 --- electron transport chain complex proteins --- electron-transferring flavoproteins --- electron transport complex i --- electron transport complex ii --- succinate dehydrogenase --- electron transport complex iv --- succinate cytochrome c oxidoreductase --- electron transport complex ii --- succinate dehydrogenase --- electron transport complex iii --- fatty acid synthetase complex --- glycine decarboxylase complex --- aminomethyltransferase

Aminomethyltransferase

Aminomethyltransferase is an enzyme that catabolizes the creation of methylenetetrahydrofolate. It is part of the glycine decarboxylase complex....

 --- dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase

Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase

Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase , also known as dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DLD gene. DLD is a flavoprotein enzyme that degrades lipoamide, and produces dihydrolipoamide....

 --- glycine decarboxylase complex h-protein --- glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)

Glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)

Glycine dehydrogenase [decarboxylating], mitochondrial also known as glycine cleavage system P protein or glycine decarboxylase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GLDC gene.- Reaction :...

 --- ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex --- dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase

Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase

Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase , also known as dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DLD gene. DLD is a flavoprotein enzyme that degrades lipoamide, and produces dihydrolipoamide....

 --- lactose synthase

Lactose synthase

Lactose synthase is an enzyme that generates lactose from glucose and UDP-galactose.It is classified under .It consists of N-acetyllactosamine synthase and alpha-lactalbumin...

 --- phosphoenolpyruvate sugar phosphotransferase system --- photosynthetic reaction center complex proteins --- light-harvesting protein complexes --- cytochrome b6f complex

Cytochrome b6f complex

The cytochrome b6f complex is an enzyme found in the thylakoid membrane in chloroplasts of plants, cyanobacteria, and green algae, catalyzing the transfer of electrons from plastoquinol to plastocyanin...

 --- cytochromes b6 --- cytochromes f --- plastoquinol-plastocyanin reductase --- photosystem i protein complex --- photosystem ii protein complex --- polyketide synthases --- prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthases --- cyclooxygenase 1 --- cyclooxygenase 2 --- proteasome endopeptidase complex --- pyruvate dehydrogenase complex --- dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase

Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase

Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase , also known as dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DLD gene. DLD is a flavoprotein enzyme that degrades lipoamide, and produces dihydrolipoamide....

 --- dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase --- pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) --- sucrase-isomaltase complex --- tryptophan synthase

Tryptophan synthase

Tryptophan synthase or tryptophan synthetase is an enzyme that catalyzes the final two steps in the biosynthesis of tryptophan. It is commonly found in Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, and Plantae. However, it is absent from animalia. It is typically found as an α2β2 tetramer...

--- alcohol oxidoreductases

Alcohol oxidoreductases

Alcohol oxidoreductases are oxidoreductase enzymes that act upon an alcohol functional group.They are classified under "1.1" in the EC number numbering system.-External links:...

--- acetoin dehydrogenase

Acetoin dehydrogenase

Acetoin dehydrogenase or diacetyl reductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transformation of acetoin to diacetyl....

 --- alcohol dehydrogenase

Alcohol dehydrogenase

Alcohol dehydrogenases are a group of dehydrogenase enzymes that occur in many organisms and facilitate the interconversion between alcohols and aldehydes or ketones with the reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide...

 --- carbohydrate dehydrogenases

Carbohydrate dehydrogenases

Carbohydrate dehydrogenases are a group of dehydrogenase enzymes that occur in many organisms and facilitate the conversion from a carbohydrate to an aldehyde, lactone, or ketose.An example includes L-gulonolactone oxidase....

 --- fructuronate reductase

Fructuronate reductase

In enzymology, a fructuronate reductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are D-mannonate and NAD+, whereas its 3 products are D-fructuronate, NADH, and H+....

 --- galactose dehydrogenases --- glucose dehydrogenases --- glucose 1-dehydrogenase

Glucose 1-dehydrogenase

In enzymology, a glucose 1-dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are beta-D-glucose, NAD+, and NADP+, whereas its 4 products are D-glucono-1,5-lactone, NADH, NADPH, and H+....

 --- glucosephosphate dehydrogenase --- phosphogluconate dehydrogenase

Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase

Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase is an enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway. It forms ribulose 5-phosphate from 6-phosphogluconate.It is an oxidative carboxylase that catalyses the decarboxylating reduction of 6-phosphogluconate into ribulose 5-phosphate in the presence of NADP. This reaction is a...

 --- phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase

Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase

D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PHGDH gene.Certain breast cancers are dependent on the overexpression of PHGDH.-Further reading:...

 --- sugar alcohol dehydrogenases --- aldehyde reductase --- d-xylulose reductase

D-xylulose reductase

In enzymology, a D-xylulose reductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are xylitol and NAD+, whereas its 3 products are D-xylulose, NADH, and H+....

 --- glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase --- glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (nad+)

Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+)

In enzymology, a glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and NAD+, whereas its 3 products are glycerone phosphate, NADH, and H+....

 --- l-gulonolactone oxidase

L-gulonolactone oxidase

L-gulonolactone oxidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of D-glucuronolactone with oxygen to L-xylo-hex-3-gulonolactone and hydrogen peroxide. It uses FAD as a cofactor...

 --- l-iditol 2-dehydrogenase

L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase

In enzymology, a L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-iditol and NAD+, whereas its 3 products are L-sorbose, NADH, and H+....

 --- mannitol dehydrogenase

Mannitol dehydrogenase

In enzymology, a mannitol dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are D-mannitol and NAD+, whereas its 3 products are D-mannose, NADH, and H+....

 --- uridine diphosphate glucose dehydrogenase --- choline dehydrogenase

Choline dehydrogenase

In enzymology, a choline dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are choline and acceptor, whereas its two products are betaine aldehyde and reduced acceptor....

 --- galactose oxidase

Galactose oxidase

In enzymology, a galactose oxidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are D-galactose and O2, whereas its two products are D-galacto-hexodialdose and H2O2....

 --- glucose oxidase

Glucose oxidase

The glucose oxidase enzyme is an oxido-reductase that catalyses the oxidation of glucose to hydrogen peroxide and D-glucono-δ-lactone. In cells, it aids in breaking the sugar down into its metabolites....

 --- homoserine dehydrogenase

Homoserine dehydrogenase

In enzymology, a homoserine dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are L-homoserine, NAD+, and NADP+, whereas its 4 products are L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde, NADH, NADPH, and H+....

 --- aspartokinase homoserine dehydrogenase --- 3-hydroxyacyl coa dehydrogenases --- hydroxymethylglutaryl coa reductases --- hydroxymethylglutaryl-coa reductases, nad-dependent --- hydroxymethylglutaryl-coa-reductases, nadp-dependent --- hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase --- hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenases --- hydroxypyruvate reductase

Hydroxypyruvate reductase

In enzymology, a hydroxypyruvate reductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are D-glycerate, NAD+, and NADP+, whereas its 4 products are hydroxypyruvate, NADH, NADPH, and H+....

 --- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases --- 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases --- 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 --- 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 --- 3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases --- 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (B-specific)

3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (B-specific)

In enzymology, a 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are androsterone, NAD+, and NADP+, whereas its 4 products are 5alpha-androstane-3,17-dione, NADH, NADPH, and H+.This enzyme belongs to the family of...

 --- cholesterol oxidase

Cholesterol oxidase

In enzymology, a cholesterol oxidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are cholesterol and O2, whereas its two products are cholest-4-en-3-one and H2O2....

 --- progesterone reductase --- 17-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases --- estradiol dehydrogenases --- 20-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases --- 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

In enzymology, a 20-α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are 17alpha,20alpha-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one, NAD+, and NADP+, whereas its 4 products are 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, NADH, NADPH, and H+.This enzyme belongs to...

 --- cortisone reductase --- imp dehydrogenase

IMP dehydrogenase

IMP dehydrogenase is an enzyme that converts inosine monophosphate to xanthosine monophosphate:The structure of this enzyme is composed of a TIM barrel domain with two CBS domains inserted within a loop.It is inhibited by Mycophenolic acid.- Examples :...

 --- isocitrate dehydrogenase

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

Isocitrate dehydrogenase and , also known as IDH, is an enzyme that participates in the citric acid cycle. It catalyzes the third step of the cycle: the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate, producing alpha-ketoglutarate and CO2 while converting NAD+ to NADH...

 --- 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase

3-Isopropylmalate dehydrogenase

3-Isopropylmalate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the following chemical reaction:* -3-isopropylmalate + NAD+ 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + CO2 + NADH...

 --- ketol-acid reductoisomerase

Ketol-acid reductoisomerase

In enzymology, a ketol-acid reductoisomerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+ \rightleftharpoons -2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+...

 --- lactate dehydrogenases --- epsilon-crystallins --- l-lactate dehydrogenase --- l-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)

L-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)

In enzymology, a L-lactate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c \rightleftharpoons pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c...

 --- malate dehydrogenase

Malate dehydrogenase

Malate dehydrogenase is an enzyme in the citric acid cycle that catalyzes the conversion of malate into oxaloacetate and vice versa...

 --- malate dehydrogenase (nadp+)

Malate dehydrogenase (NADP+)

In enzymology, a malate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction-malate + NADP+ \rightleftharpoons oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+...

 --- xanthine dehydrogenase

Xanthine dehydrogenase

Xanthine dehydrogenase, also known as XDH, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the XDH gene.-Function:Xanthine dehydrogenase belongs to the group of molybdenum-containing hydroxylases involved in the oxidative metabolism of purines. The enzyme is a homodimer...

 --- xanthine oxidase

Xanthine oxidase

Xanthine oxidase Xanthine oxidase Xanthine oxidase (XO (sometimes 'XAO'), a form of xanthine oxidoreductase that generates reactive oxygen species. Is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and can further catalyze the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid...

--- electron transport complex iv

--- 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (fadh2)

--- nadh, nadph oxidoreductases

--- apoptosis inducing factor --- cytochrome reductases --- cytochrome-b(5) reductase --- nadph-ferrihemoprotein reductase --- electron transport complex i --- nadh dehydrogenase

NADH dehydrogenase

NADH dehydrogenase is an enzyme located in the inner mitochondrial membrane that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from NADH to coenzyme Q...

 --- nadh tetrazolium reductase --- nadp transhydrogenase --- nadph dehydrogenase

NADPH dehydrogenase

In enzymology, a NADPH dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are NADPH, H+, and acceptor, whereas its two products are NADP+ and reduced acceptor....

 --- nadph oxidase

NADPH oxidase

The NADPH oxidase is a membrane-bound enzyme complex. It can be found in the plasma membrane as well as in the membrane of phagosome.-Subunits:It is made up of six subunits...

 --- quinone reductases --- nad(p)h dehydrogenase (quinone)

NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)

In enzymology, a NADH dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 4 substrates of this enzyme are NADH, NADPH, H+, and quinone, whereas its 3 products are NAD+, NADP+, and hydroquinone....

 --- zeta-crystallins

--- nitrogenase

Nitrogenase

Nitrogenases are enzymes used by some organisms to fix atmospheric nitrogen gas . It is the only known family of enzymes that accomplish this process. Dinitrogen is quite inert because of the strength of its N-N triple bond...

--- dinitrogenase reductase --- molybdoferredoxin

--- nitroreductases

--- gmp reductase

GMP reductase

GMP reductase is an enzyme that converts GMP to IMP. In melanocytic cells, GMP reductase gene expression may be regulated by MITF.-External links:...

 --- nitrate reductases --- nitrate reductase

Nitrate reductase

Nitrate reductases are molybdoenzymes that reduce nitrate to nitrite .* Eukaryotic nitrate reductases are part of the sulfite oxidase family of molybdoenzymes....

 --- nitrate reductase (nadh) --- nitrate reductase (nad(p)h) --- nitrate reductase (nadph) --- nitrite reductases --- ferredoxin-nitrite reductase

Ferredoxin-nitrite reductase

In enzymology, a ferredoxin—nitrite reductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are NH3, H2O, and oxidized ferredoxin, whereas its 3 products are nitrite, reduced ferredoxin, and H+....

 --- nitrite reductase (NAD(P)H)

Nitrite reductase (NAD(P)H)

In enzymology, a nitrite reductase [NADH] is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 4 substrates of this enzyme are ammonium hydroxide, NAD+, NADP+, and H2O, whereas its 4 products are nitrite, NADH, NADPH, and H+....

--- oxidoreductases acting on aldehyde or oxo group donors

--- aldehyde oxidoreductases --- aldehyde dehydrogenase

Aldehyde dehydrogenase

Aldehyde dehydrogenases are a group of enzymes that catalyse the oxidation of aldehydes.- Function :Aldehyde dehydrogenase is a polymorphic enzyme responsible for the oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids, which leave the liver and are metabolized by the body’s muscle and heart...

 --- omega-crystallins --- aldehyde oxidase

Aldehyde oxidase

Aldehyde oxidase is an enzyme which generates carboxylic acids from aldehydes. It catalyzes the conversion of an aldehyde in the presence of oxygen and water to an acid and hydrogen peroxide.* an aldehyde + H2O + O2 a carboxylate + H2O2 + H+...

 --- aminomuconate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase

Aminomuconate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase

In enzymology, an aminomuconate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are 2-aminomuconate 6-semialdehyde, NAD+, and H2O, whereas its 3 products are 2-aminomuconate, NADH, and H+....

 --- aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase

Aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase

In enzymology, an aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase is an enzyme that is very important in the biosynthesis of amino acids in prokaryotes, fungi, and some higher plants. It forms an early branch point in the metabolic pathway forming lysine, methionine, leucine and isoleucine from aspartate...

 --- benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+)

Benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+)

In enzymology, a benzaldehyde dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are benzaldehyde, NADP+, and H2O, whereas its 3 products are benzoate, NADPH, and H+....

 --- betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase

Betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase

In enzymology, a betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are betaine aldehyde, NAD+, and H2O, whereas its 3 products are betaine, NADH, and H+....

 --- glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase

Glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase

In enzymology, a glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde, phosphate, and NADP+, whereas its 3 products are L-glutamyl 5-phosphate, NADPH, and H+....

 --- glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases --- glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (nadp+) --- glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (nadp+)(phosphorylating) --- glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (phosphorylating)

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (phosphorylating)

In enzymology, a glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, phosphate, and NAD+, whereas its 3 products are 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate, NADH, and H+.This enzyme belongs to the...

 --- glycolaldehyde dehydrogenase

Glycolaldehyde dehydrogenase

In enzymology, a glycolaldehyde dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are glycolaldehyde, NAD+, and H2O, whereas its 3 products are glycolate, NADH, and H+....

 --- l-aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase

L-aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase

In enzymology, a L-aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 4 substrates of this enzyme are L-2-aminoadipate 6-semialdehyde, NAD+, NADP+, and H2O, whereas its 4 products are L-2-aminoadipate, NADH, NADPH, and H+.This enzyme belongs to the family...

 --- malonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating)

Malonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating)

In enzymology, a malonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 4 substrates of this enzyme are 3-oxopropanoate, CoA, NAD+, and NADP+, whereas its 4 products are acetyl-CoA, CO2, NADH, and NADPH....

 --- methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acylating)

Methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acylating)

In enzymology, a methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 4 substrates of this enzyme are 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate, CoA, H2O, and NAD+, whereas its 3 products are propanoyl-CoA, HCO3-, and NADH.This enzyme belongs to the family of...

 --- retinal dehydrogenase

Retinal dehydrogenase

In enzymology, a retinal dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are retinal, NAD+, and H2O, whereas its 3 products are retinoic acid, NADH, and H+....

 --- succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase

Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase

In enzymology, a succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are succinate semialdehyde, NAD+, and H2O, whereas its 3 products are succinate, NADH, and H+....

 --- succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+)

Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+)

In enzymology, a succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [NAD+] is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 4 substrates of this enzyme are succinate semialdehyde, NAD+, NADP+, and H2O, whereas its 4 products are succinate, NADH, NADPH, and H+....

 --- formate dehydrogenases --- ketone oxidoreductases --- ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex --- dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase

Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase

Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase , also known as dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DLD gene. DLD is a flavoprotein enzyme that degrades lipoamide, and produces dihydrolipoamide....

 --- 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) --- 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase (acylating)

2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase (acylating)

In enzymology, a 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate, CoA, and NAD+, whereas its 3 products are 2-methylpropanoyl-CoA, CO2, and NADH....

 --- pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) --- pyruvate oxidase

Pyruvate oxidase

In enzymology, a pyruvate oxidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are pyruvate, phosphate, and O2, whereas its 3 products are acetyl phosphate, CO2, and H2O2....

 --- pyruvate synthase

Pyruvate synthase

In enzymology, a pyruvate synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are pyruvate, CoA, and oxidized ferredoxin, whereas its 4 products are acetyl-CoA, CO2, reduced ferredoxin, and H+....

--- oxidoreductases acting on ch-ch group donors

--- acyl-coa dehydrogenases --- acyl-coa dehydrogenase --- acyl-coa dehydrogenase, long-chain --- acyl-CoA oxidase

Acyl-CoA oxidase

In enzymology, an acyl-CoA oxidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acyl-CoA and O2, whereas its two products are trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA and H2O2....

 --- butyryl-coa dehydrogenase

Butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase

In enzymology, a butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are butanoyl-CoA and acceptor, whereas its two products are 2-butenoyl-CoA and reduced acceptor....

 --- cholestenone 5alpha-reductase

Cholestenone 5alpha-reductase

In enzymology, a cholestenone 5alpha-reductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 5alpha-cholestan-3-one and NADP+, whereas its 3 products are cholest-4-en-3-one, NADPH, and H+....

 --- coproporphyrinogen oxidase --- dihydrodipicolinate reductase

Dihydrodipicolinate reductase

In enzymology, a dihydrodipicolinate reductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate + NAD+ \rightleftharpoons 2,3-dihydrodipicolinate + NADH + H+...

 --- dihydroorotate oxidase --- dihydrouracil dehydrogenase (nad+)

Dihydrouracil dehydrogenase (NAD+)

In enzymology, a dihydrouracil dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 5,6-dihydrouracil and NAD+, whereas its 3 products are uracil, NADH, and H+....

 --- dihydrouracil dehydrogenase (nadp) --- electron transport complex ii --- succinate dehydrogenase --- enoyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase (nadh) --- enoyl-(acyl-carrier protein) reductase (nadph, b-specific) --- glutaryl-coa dehydrogenase

Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase

Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase is an enzyme acting upon glutaryl-coenzyme A, creating crotonyl-coenzyme A.It plays a role in the metabolism of lysine, hydroxylysine and tryptophan.-Pathology:...

 --- isovaleryl-coa dehydrogenase

Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase

In enzymology, an isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 3-methylbutanoyl-CoA and acceptor, whereas its two products are 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA and reduced acceptor....

 --- 15-oxoprostaglandin 13-reductase --- prephenate dehydrogenase

Prephenate dehydrogenase

In enzymology, a prephenate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are prephenate and NAD+, whereas its 3 products are 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate, CO2, and NADH....

 --- protoporphyrinogen oxidase

Protoporphyrinogen oxidase

Protoporphyrinogen oxidase is an enzyme that is responsible for the seventh step in heme production....

 --- succinate dehydrogenase --- testosterone 5-alpha-Reductase

--- oxidoreductases acting on ch-nh group donors

--- dihydropteridine reductase --- FMN reductase

FMN reductase

In enzymology, an FMN reductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are FMNH2, NAD+, and NADP+, whereas its 4 products are FMN, NADH, NADPH, and H+....

 --- methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (nad+)

Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NAD+)

In enzymology, a methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate and NAD+, whereas its 3 products are 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate, NADH, and H+.This enzyme belongs to the family...

 --- methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (nadp) --- methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (nadph2) --- oxidoreductases, n-demethylating --- aminopyrine n-demethylase --- cytochrome p-450 cyp2e1 --- cytochrome p-450 cyp3a --- dihydropteridine reductase --- dimethylglycine dehydrogenase

Dimethylglycine dehydrogenase

In enzymology, a dimethylglycine dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are N,N-dimethylglycine, acceptor, and H2O, whereas its 3 products are sarcosine, formaldehyde, and reduced acceptor....

 --- ethylmorphine-n-demethylase --- sarcosine dehydrogenase

Sarcosine dehydrogenase

In enzymology, a sarcosine dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are sarcosine, acceptor, and H2O, whereas its 3 products are glycine, formaldehyde, and reduced acceptor....

 --- sarcosine oxidase

Sarcosine oxidase

Sarcosine oxidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative demethylation of sarcosine to yield glycine, H2O2, 5,10-CH2-tetrahydrofolate in a reaction requiring H4-tetrahydrofolate and oxygen....

 --- proline oxidase

Proline oxidase

Proline dehydrogenase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRODH gene.The protein encoded by this gene is a mitochondrial proline dehydrogenase which catalyzes the first step in proline catabolism. Deletion of this gene has been associated with type I hyperprolinemia...

 --- pyridoxamine-phosphate oxidase --- 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase

1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase

In enzymology, a 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe three substrates of this enzyme are -1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate, NAD+, and H2O, whereas its three products are glutamate, NADH, and H+....

 --- pyrroline carboxylate reductases --- saccharopine dehydrogenases --- tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase

--- oxidoreductases acting on ch-nh2 group donors

--- amine oxidase (copper-containing)

Amine oxidase (copper-containing)

Amine oxidases are enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of a wide range of biogenic amines including many neurotransmitters, histamine and xenobiotic amines. There are two classes of amine oxidases: flavin-containing and copper-containing . Copper-containing AO act as a disulphide-linked homodimer...

 --- amino acid oxidoreductases

Amino acid oxidoreductases

Amino acid oxidoreductases are oxidoreductases, a type of enzyme, that act upon amino acids.They constitute the majority of enzymes classified under EC number 1.4, with most of the remainder being monoamine oxidases.Examples include:...

 --- alanine dehydrogenase

Alanine dehydrogenase

In enzymology, an alanine dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are L-alanine, H2O, and NAD+, whereas its 4 products are pyruvate, NH3, NADH, and H+....

 --- d-amino-acid oxidase --- d-aspartate oxidase

D-aspartate oxidase

In enzymology, a D-aspartate oxidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are D-aspartate, H2O, and O2, whereas its 3 products are oxaloacetate, NH3, and H2O2....

 --- glutamate dehydrogenase

Glutamate dehydrogenase

Glutamate dehydrogenase is an enzyme, present in most microbes and the mitochondria of eukaryotes, as are some of the other enzymes required for urea synthesis, that converts glutamate to α-Ketoglutarate, and vice versa. In animals, the produced ammonia is, however, usually bled off to the urea...

 --- glutamate dehydrogenase (nadp+) --- glutamate synthase --- glutamate synthase (nadh)

Glutamate synthase (NADH)

In enzymology, a glutamate synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-glutamate and NAD+, whereas its 4 products are L-glutamine, 2-oxoglutarate, NADH, and H+....

 --- glycine decarboxylase complex --- glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)

Glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)

Glycine dehydrogenase [decarboxylating], mitochondrial also known as glycine cleavage system P protein or glycine decarboxylase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GLDC gene.- Reaction :...

 --- glycine dehydrogenase

Glycine dehydrogenase

In enzymology, a glycine dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are glycine, H2O, and NAD+, whereas its 4 products are glyoxylate, NH3, NADH, and H+....

 --- l-amino acid oxidase --- leucine dehydrogenase

Leucine dehydrogenase

In enzymology, a leucine dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are L-leucine, H2O, and NAD+, whereas its 4 products are 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate, NH3, NADH, and H+....

 --- nitric oxide synthase

Nitric oxide synthase

Nitric oxide synthases are a family of enzymes that catalyze the production of nitric oxide from L-arginine. NO is an important cellular signaling molecule, having a vital role in many biological processes...

 --- nitric oxide synthase type i --- nitric oxide synthase type ii --- nitric oxide synthase type iii --- proline oxidase

Proline oxidase

Proline dehydrogenase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRODH gene.The protein encoded by this gene is a mitochondrial proline dehydrogenase which catalyzes the first step in proline catabolism. Deletion of this gene has been associated with type I hyperprolinemia...

 --- protein-lysine 6-oxidase --- valine dehydrogenase (NADP+)

Valine dehydrogenase (NADP+)

In enzymology, a valine dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are L-valine, H2O, and NADP+, whereas its 4 products are 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate, NH3, NADPH, and H+....

 --- monoamine oxidase

Monoamine oxidase

L-Monoamine oxidases are a family of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of monoamines. They are found bound to the outer membrane of mitochondria in most cell types in the body. The enzyme was originally discovered by Mary Bernheim in the liver and was named tyramine oxidase...

 --- benzylamine oxidase

--- oxidoreductases acting on sulfur group donors

--- dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase

Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase

Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase , also known as dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DLD gene. DLD is a flavoprotein enzyme that degrades lipoamide, and produces dihydrolipoamide....

 --- ferredoxin-nadp reductase --- glutathione reductase

Glutathione reductase

Glutathione reductase, also known as GSR or GR, is an enzyme that reduces glutathione disulfide to the sulfhydryl form GSH, which is an important cellular antioxidant....

 --- hydrogensulfite reductase

Hydrogensulfite reductase

In enzymology, a hydrogensulfite reductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 4 substrates of this enzyme are trithionate, acceptor, H2O, and OH-, whereas its two products are bisulfite and reduced acceptor....

 --- protein-disulfide reductase (glutathione)

Protein-disulfide reductase (glutathione)

In enzymology, a protein-disulfide reductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are glutathione and protein disulfide, whereas its two products are glutathione disulfide and protein dithiol.This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases,...

 --- sulfite dehydrogenase

Sulfite dehydrogenase

In enzymology, a sulfite dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are sulfite, ferricytochrome c, and H2O, whereas its 3 products are sulfate, ferrocytochrome c, and H+....

 --- sulfite oxidase

Sulfite oxidase

Sulfite oxidase is an enzyme in the mitochondria of all eukaryotes. It oxidizes sulfite to sulfate and, via cytochrome c, transfers the electrons produced to the electron transport chain, allowing generation of ATP in oxidative phosphorylation...

 --- sulfite reductase (ferredoxin) --- sulfite reductase (nadph) --- thioredoxin reductase (nadph)

--- oxidoreductases, o-demethylating

--- nitroanisole o-demethylase

--- oxygenases

--- dioxygenases --- catechol 1,2-dioxygenase --- catechol 2,3-dioxygenase --- cysteine dioxygenase

Cysteine dioxygenase

Cysteine dioxygenase ) is a mammalian non-heme iron enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-cysteine to cysteine sulfinic acid by incorporation of dioxygen....

 --- homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase

Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase

Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase is an enzyme, which catalyzes the conversion of homogentisate to 4-maleylacetoacetate. Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase or HGD is involved in the catabolism of aromatic rings, more specifically in the breakdown of the amino acids tyrosine and phenylalanine...

 --- 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase

3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase

In enzymology, a 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 3-hydroxyanthranilate and O2, whereas its product is 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde....

 --- 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase

4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase

4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase HPPD is an Fe-containing enzyme, that catalyzes the second reaction in the catabolism of tyrosine - the conversion of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate to homogentisate.-Function:...

 --- indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase --- lipoxygenase

Lipoxygenase

Lipoxygenases are a family of iron-containing enzymes that catalyse the dioxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in lipids containing a cis,cis-1,4- pentadiene structure. It catalyses the following reaction:...

 --- arachidonate lipoxygenases --- arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase

Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase

Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase also known as 5-lipoxygenase or 5-LO is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ALOX5 gene. Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase is a member of the lipoxygenase family of enzymes...

 --- arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase

Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase

In enzymology, an arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are arachidonate and O2, whereas its product is --12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate....

 --- arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase

Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase

In enzymology, an arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are arachidonate and O2, whereas its product is --15-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,11,13-tetraenoate....

 --- protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase

Protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase

In enzymology, a protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate and O2, whereas its product is 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate....

 --- tryptophan oxygenase --- inositol oxygenase

Inositol oxygenase

Inositol oxygenase is an iron-binding protein which functions in the kidney....

 --- mixed function oxygenases --- benzoate 4-monooxygenase

Benzoate 4-monooxygenase

In enzymology, a benzoate 4-monooxygenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 4 substrates of this enzyme are benzoate, NADPH, H+, and O2, whereas its 3 products are 4-hydroxybenzoate, NADP+, and H2O....

 --- catechol oxidase

Catechol oxidase

Catechol oxidase is an enzyme that catalyses the oxidation of phenols such as catechol. Catechol oxidase is a copper-containing enzyme whose activity is similar to that of tyrosinase, a related class of copper oxidases....

 --- monophenol monooxygenase --- cytochrome p-450 enzyme system --- aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylases --- 7-alkoxycoumarin o-dealkylase --- aniline hydroxylase --- benzopyrene hydroxylase --- cytochrome p-450 cyp1a1 --- cytochrome p-450 cyp1a2 --- cytochrome p-450 cyp2b1 --- cytochrome p-450 cyp2d6 --- cytochrome p-450 cyp2e1 --- cytochrome p-450 cyp3a --- camphor 5-monooxygenase

Camphor 5-monooxygenase

In enzymology, a camphor 5-monooxygenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction-camphor + putidaredoxin + O2 \rightleftharpoons -exo-5-hydroxycamphor + oxidized putidaredoxin + H2O...

 --- alkane 1-monooxygenase

Alkane 1-monooxygenase

In enzymology, an alkane 1-monooxygenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are octane, reduced rubredoxin, and O2, whereas its 3 products are 1-octanol, oxidized rubredoxin, and H2O....

 --- steroid hydroxylases

Steroid hydroxylases

The steroid hydroxylases are a class of enzymes involved in the manufacture of steroids....

 --- aldosterone synthase

Aldosterone synthase

Aldosterone synthase is a steroid hydroxylase cytochrome P450 oxidase enzyme involved in the generation of aldosterone....

 --- aromatase

Aromatase

Aromatase is an enzyme responsible for a key step in the biosynthesis of estrogens. It is a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily , which are monooxygenases that catalyze many reactions involved in steroidogenesis. In particular, aromatase is responsible for the aromatization of androgens into...

 --- cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase

Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase

Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase also known as cholesterol 7-alpha-monooxygenase or cytochrome P450 7A1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP7A1 gene.- Function :...

 --- cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme

Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme

Cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 , often referred to as P450scc , is a mitochondrial enzyme associated with the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone. The gene name is CYP11A1...

 --- 25-hydroxyvitamin d3 1-alpha-hydroxylase

25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-hydroxylase

25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-hydroxylase also known as cytochrome p450 27B1 is a cytochrome P450 enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP27B1 gene....

 --- steroid 11-beta-hydroxylase

Steroid 11-beta-hydroxylase

Steroid 11β-hydroxylase is a steroid hydroxylase found in the zona fasciculata. Named officially the cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial, it is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYP11B1 gene....

 --- steroid 12-alpha-hydroxylase --- steroid 16-alpha-hydroxylase --- steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase --- steroid 21-hydroxylase --- dopamine beta-hydroxylase --- fatty acid desaturases --- beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase

Beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase

In enzymology, a beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are beta-carotene and O2, whereas its product is retinal....

 --- linoleoyl-coa desaturase

Linoleoyl-CoA desaturase

In enzymology, a linoleoyl-CoA desaturase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are linoleoyl-CoA, an electron acceptor AH2, and O2, whereas its 3 products are gamma-linolenoyl-CoA, the reduction product A, and H2O....

 --- stearoyl-coa desaturase --- gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase

Gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase

Gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the BBOX1 gene. Gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase catalyzes the formation of L-carnitine from gamma-butyrobetaine, the last step in the L-carnitine biosynthetic pathway...

 --- heme oxygenase (decyclizing) --- heme oxygenase-1 --- 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase

4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase

In enzymology, a 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 4 substrates of this enzyme are 4-hydroxybenzoate, NADPH, H+, and O2, whereas its 3 products are protocatechuate, NADP+, and H2O....

 --- kynurenine 3-monooxygenase

Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase

In enzymology, a kynurenine 3-monooxygenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 4 substrates of this enzyme are L-kynurenine, NADPH, H+, and O2, whereas its 3 products are 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine, NADP+, and H2O....

 --- phenylalanine hydroxylase

Phenylalanine hydroxylase

Phenylalanine hydroxylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydroxylation of the aromatic side-chain of phenylalanine to generate tyrosine. PheOH is one of three members of the pterin-dependent amino acid hydroxylases, a class of monooxygenase that uses tetrahydrobiopterin and a non-heme iron for...

 --- procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase --- procollagen-proline dioxygenase

Procollagen-proline dioxygenase

In enzymology, a procollagen-proline dioxygenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are procollagen L-proline, 2-oxoglutarate, and O2, whereas its 3 products are procollagen trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline, succinate, and CO2.This enzyme belongs to the...

 --- prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthases --- squalene monooxygenase

Squalene monooxygenase

Squalene monooxygenase is an enzyme that uses NADPH and molecular oxygen to oxidize squalene to 2,3-oxidosqualene . Squalene epoxidase catalyzes the first oxygenation step in sterol biosynthesis and is thought to be one of the rate-limiting enzymes in this pathway...

 --- steroid hydroxylases

Steroid hydroxylases

The steroid hydroxylases are a class of enzymes involved in the manufacture of steroids....

 --- aldosterone synthase

Aldosterone synthase

Aldosterone synthase is a steroid hydroxylase cytochrome P450 oxidase enzyme involved in the generation of aldosterone....

 --- aromatase

Aromatase

Aromatase is an enzyme responsible for a key step in the biosynthesis of estrogens. It is a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily , which are monooxygenases that catalyze many reactions involved in steroidogenesis. In particular, aromatase is responsible for the aromatization of androgens into...

 --- cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase

Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase

Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase also known as cholesterol 7-alpha-monooxygenase or cytochrome P450 7A1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP7A1 gene.- Function :...

 --- cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme

Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme

Cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 , often referred to as P450scc , is a mitochondrial enzyme associated with the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone. The gene name is CYP11A1...

 --- 25-hydroxyvitamin d3 1-alpha-hydroxylase

25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-hydroxylase

25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-hydroxylase also known as cytochrome p450 27B1 is a cytochrome P450 enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP27B1 gene....

 --- steroid 11-beta-hydroxylase

Steroid 11-beta-hydroxylase

Steroid 11β-hydroxylase is a steroid hydroxylase found in the zona fasciculata. Named officially the cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial, it is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYP11B1 gene....

 --- steroid 12-alpha-hydroxylase --- steroid 16-alpha-hydroxylase --- steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase --- steroid 21-hydroxylase --- trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase

Trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase

In enzymology, a trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 4 substrates of this enzyme are trans-cinnamate, NADPH, H+, and O2, whereas its 3 products are 4-hydroxycinnamate, NADP+, and H2O....

 --- tryptophan hydroxylase

Tryptophan hydroxylase

Tryptophan hydroxylase is an enzyme involved in the synthesis of the neurotransmitter serotonin. TPH catalyzes the following chemical reactionIt employs one cofactor, iron.- Function :...

 --- tyrosine 3-monooxygenase

--- peroxidases

--- catalase

Catalase

Catalase is a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms that are exposed to oxygen, where it catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen...

 --- chloride peroxidase

Chloride peroxidase

In enzymology, a chloride peroxidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are RH, Cl−, and H2O2, whereas its two products are RCl and H2O....

 --- cytochrome-c peroxidase --- eosinophil peroxidase

Eosinophil peroxidase

Eosinophil peroxidase is a haloperoxidase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the EPX gene. The enzyme is a heterodimeric 71-77 kD peroxidase consisting of a heavier glycosylated chain and a lighter nonglycosylated chain...

 --- glutathione peroxidase

Glutathione peroxidase

Glutathione peroxidase is the general name of an enzyme family with peroxidase activity whose main biological role is to protect the organism from oxidative damage...

 --- horseradish peroxidase

Horseradish peroxidase

The enzyme horseradish peroxidase , found in horseradish, is used extensively in biochemistry applications primarily for its ability to amplify a weak signal and increase detectability of a target molecule.-Applications:...

 --- wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate --- iodide peroxidase --- lactoperoxidase

Lactoperoxidase

Lactoperoxidase is a peroxidase enzyme secreted from mammary, salivary, and other mucosal glands that functions as a natural antibacterial agent. Lactoperoxidase is a member of the heme peroxidase family of enzymes. In humans, lactoperoxidase is encoded by the LPO gene.Lactoperoxidase catalyzes...

 --- peroxidase

Peroxidase

Peroxidases are a large family of enzymes that typically catalyze a reaction of the form:For many of these enzymes the optimal substrate is hydrogen peroxide, but others are more active with organic hydroperoxides such as lipid peroxides...

--- plastoquinol-plastocyanin reductase

--- ribonucleotide reductases

--- ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase

--- succinate cytochrome c oxidoreductase

--- electron transport complex ii --- succinate dehydrogenase --- electron transport complex iii

--- recombinases

Recombinases

Recombinases are genetic recombination enzymes.Types include:* Cre recombinase* Hin recombinase* RecA/RAD51* Tre recombinase* FLP recombinase...

--- holliday junction resolvases --- integrases --- transposases --- hiv integrase --- rec a recombinases --- rad51 recombinase --- transposon resolvases --- vdj recombinases

--- rna, catalytic

--- ribonuclease p --- rna, ribosomal, self-splicing

--- acyltransferases (EC 2.3)

--- acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

The final step of beta oxidation is the cleavage of 3-ketoacyl CoA by the thiol group of another molecule of CoA. This reaction is catalyzed by Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase...

 --- acetyltransferases --- acyl-carrier protein s-acetyltransferase --- acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase

Acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase

In enzymology, an acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionHence, this enzyme has one substrate, acetyl-CoA, and two products, CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA....

 --- amino-acid n-acetyltransferase --- carnitine O-acetyltransferase

Carnitine O-acetyltransferase

In enzymology, a carnitine O-acetyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and carnitine, whereas its two products are CoA and O-acetylcarnitine....

 --- chloramphenicol o-acetyltransferase --- choline o-acetyltransferase --- dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase --- glucosamine 6-phosphate n-acetyltransferase --- histone acetyltransferases --- p300-CBP coactivator family --- creb-binding protein --- e1a-associated p300 protein --- phosphate acetyltransferase

Phosphate acetyltransferase

In enzymology, a phosphate acetyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and phosphate, whereas its two products are CoA and acetyl phosphate....

 --- serine O-acetyltransferase

Serine O-acetyltransferase

In enzymology, a serine O-acetyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and L-serine, whereas its two products are CoA and O-acetyl-L-serine....

 --- acyl-carrier protein s-malonyltransferase --- 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase

1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase

In enzymology, a 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acyl-CoA and 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, whereas its two products are CoA and 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.This enzyme belongs to the...

 --- 1-acylglycerophosphocholine O-acyltransferase

1-acylglycerophosphocholine O-acyltransferase

In enzymology, a 1-acylglycerophosphocholine O-acyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acyl-CoA and 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, whereas its two products are CoA and 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.This enzyme...

 --- aminoacyltransferases

Aminoacyltransferases

Aminoacyltransferases are acyltransferase enzymes which act upon an amino group.They are classified under "2.3.2" in the EC number system....

 --- gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase

Gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase

In enzymology, a gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction-L-amino acid \rightleftharpoons 5-oxoproline + L-amino acid...

 --- gamma-glutamyltransferase --- peptidyl transferases --- transglutaminases --- factor xiiia --- 5-aminolevulinate synthetase --- arylalkylamine n-acetyltransferase --- arylamine N-acetyltransferase

Arylamine N-acetyltransferase

In enzymology, an arylamine N-acetyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and arylamine, whereas its two products are CoA and N-acetylarylamine....

 --- atp citrate (pro-s)-lyase --- carnitine acyltransferases --- carnitine O-acetyltransferase

Carnitine O-acetyltransferase

In enzymology, a carnitine O-acetyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and carnitine, whereas its two products are CoA and O-acetylcarnitine....

 --- carnitine o-palmitoyltransferase

Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase

Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase is a mitochondrial transferase enzyme involved in the metabolism of palmitoylcarnitine into palmitoyl-CoA...

 --- citrate (Si)-synthase --- diacylglycerol o-acyltransferase --- glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase

Glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase

In enzymology, a glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acyl-CoA and sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, whereas its two products are CoA and 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate....

 --- homoserine O-succinyltransferase

Homoserine O-succinyltransferase

In enzymology, a homoserine O-succinyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are succinyl-CoA and L-homoserine, whereas its two products are CoA and O-succinyl-L-homoserine....

 --- hydroxymethylglutaryl-coa synthase

Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase

In enzymology, a hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA, H2O, and acetoacetyl-CoA, whereas its two products are -3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA and CoA....

 --- 2-isopropylmalate synthase

2-isopropylmalate synthase

In enzymology, a 2-isopropylmalate synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe three substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA, 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate, and H2O, and its products are -2-isopropylmalate and CoA....

 --- malate synthase

Malate synthase

In enzymology, a malate synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA, H2O, and glyoxylate, whereas its two products are -malate and CoA....

 --- 3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase --- phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase

Phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase

In enzymology, a phosphatidylcholine---sterol O-acyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are phosphatidylcholine and sterol, whereas its two products are 1-acylglycerophosphocholine and sterol ester.This enzyme belongs to the family...

 --- retinol O-fatty-acyltransferase

Retinol O-fatty-acyltransferase

In enzymology, a retinol O-fatty-acyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acyl-CoA and retinol, whereas its two products are CoA and retinyl ester....

 --- serine C-palmitoyltransferase

Serine C-palmitoyltransferase

In enzymology, a serine C-palmitoyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are palmitoyl-CoA and L-serine, whereas its 3 products are CoA, 3-dehydro-D-sphinganine, and CO2...

 --- sphingosine N-acyltransferase

Sphingosine N-acyltransferase

In enzymology, a sphingosine N-acyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acyl-CoA and sphingosine, whereas its two products are CoA and N-acylsphingosine....

 --- sterol O-acyltransferase

Sterol O-acyltransferase

Sterol O-acyltransferase is an intracellular protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum that forms cholesteryl esters from cholesterol.Sterol O-acyltransferase catalyzes the chemical reaction:...

--- aldehyde-ketone transferases (EC 2.2)

--- acetolactate synthase

Acetolactate synthase

The acetolactate synthase enzyme is a protein found in plants and micro-organisms. ALS catalyzes the first step in the synthesis of the branched-chain amino acids ....

 --- transaldolase

Transaldolase

Transaldolase is an enzyme of the non-oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway. In humans, transaldolase is encoded by the TALDO1 gene.The following chemical reaction is catalyzed by transaldolase:...

 --- transketolase

Transketolase

Transketolase, an enzyme of both the pentose phosphate pathway in animals and the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis, catalyzes two important reactions, which operate in opposite directions in these two pathways...

--- alkyl and aryl transferases (EC 2.5)

--- cysteine synthase

Cysteine synthase

In enzymology, a cysteine synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are O3-acetyl-L-serine and hydrogen sulfide, whereas its two products are L-cysteine and acetate....

 --- dihydropteroate synthase --- dimethylallyltranstransferase

Dimethylallyltranstransferase

Dimethylallyltranstransferase is an enzyme that converts dimethylallylpyrophosphate and isopentenyl pyrophosphate into farnesylpyrophosphate. It is also referred to as farnesylpyrophosphate synthase or farnesyldiphosphate synthase....

 --- farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase

Farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase

Farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase is an enzyme that converts two units of farnesyl pyrophosphate into squalene....

 --- farnesyltranstransferase

Farnesyltranstransferase

In enzymology, a farnesyltranstransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are trans,trans-farnesyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate, whereas its two products are diphosphate and geranylgeranyl diphosphate.This enzyme belongs to the...

 --- geranylgeranyl-diphosphate geranylgeranyltransferase --- geranyltranstransferase

Geranyltranstransferase

In enzymology, a geranyltranstransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are geranyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate, whereas its two products are diphosphate and trans,trans-farnesyl diphosphate.This enzyme belongs to the family of...

 --- glutathione transferase --- glutathione S-transferase pi --- hydroxymethylbilane synthase --- methionine adenosyltransferase

Methionine adenosyltransferase

Methionine adenosyltransferase is an enzyme which catalyses the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine from methionine and ATP.-External links:...

 --- 3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase

3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase

In enzymology, a 3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are phosphoenolpyruvate and 3-phosphoshikimate, whereas its two products are phosphate and 5-O--3-phosphoshikimate.The enzyme belongs to the family...

 --- riboflavin synthase

Riboflavin synthase

Riboflavin synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the final reaction of riboflavin biosynthesis: 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine → riboflavin + 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4-pyrimidinedione-Structure:...

 --- spermidine synthase

Spermidine synthase

Spermidine synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of the propylamine group from S-adenosylmethioninamine to putrescine in the biosynthesis of spermidine. The enzyme has a molecular weight of approximately 73,000 kD and is composed of two subunits of equal size....

 --- spermine synthase

--- glycosyltransferases (EC 2.4)

--- n-acetylhexosaminyltransferases --- n-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases --- fucosyl galactose alpha-n-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase --- n-acetylglucosaminyltransferases --- hexosyltransferases

Hexosyltransferases

Hexosyltransferases are a type of glycosyltransferase that catalyze the transfer of a hexose.Examples include:* glucosyltransferases - transfer glucose* galactosyltransferases - transfer galactose* fucosyltransferases - transfer fucose...

 --- fucosyltransferases --- galactosyltransferases --- n-acylsphingosine galactosyltransferase

N-acylsphingosine galactosyltransferase

In enzymology, a N-acylsphingosine galactosyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are UDP-galactose and N-acylsphingosine, whereas its two products are UDP and D-galactosylceramide....

 --- beta-n-acetylglucosaminylglycopeptide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase --- ganglioside galactosyltransferase

Ganglioside galactosyltransferase

In enzymology, a ganglioside galactosyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 2 substrates of this enzyme are UDP-galactose and N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl--D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine, whereas its 2 products are UDP and...

 --- lactose synthase

Lactose synthase

Lactose synthase is an enzyme that generates lactose from glucose and UDP-galactose.It is classified under .It consists of N-acetyllactosamine synthase and alpha-lactalbumin...

 --- n-acetyllactosamine synthase

N-acetyllactosamine synthase

N-acetyllactosamine synthase is a galactosyltransferase enzyme.It is a component of lactose synthase.It is classified under ....

 --- glucosyltransferases

Glucosyltransferases

Glucosyltransferases are a type of Glycosyltransferase that enable the transfer of glucose.Examples include:* glycogen synthase* glycogen phosphorylaseThey are categorized under EC number 2.4.1....

 --- 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme --- chitin synthase

Chitin synthase

In enzymology, a chitin synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and [1,4-]n, whereas its two products are UDP and [1,4-]n+1.This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the...

 --- glycogen debranching enzyme system --- glycogen synthase

Glycogen synthase

Glycogen synthase is an enzyme involved in converting glucose to glycogen. It takes short polymers of glucose and converts them into long polymers....

 --- phosphorylases --- glycogen phosphorylase

Glycogen phosphorylase

Glycogen phosphorylase is one of the phosphorylase enzymes . Glycogen phosphorylase catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the degradation of glycogen in animals by releasing glucose-1-phosphate from the terminal alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond...

 --- glycogen phosphorylase, brain form --- glycogen phosphorylase, liver form --- glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form --- phosphorylase a --- phosphorylase b --- starch phosphorylase

Starch phosphorylase

Starch phosphorylase is a form of phosphorylase similar to glycogen phosphorylase, except that it acts upon starch instead of glycogen.The plant alpha-glucan phosphorylase, commonly called starch phosphorylase , is largely known for the phosphorolytic degradation of starch...

 --- starch synthase

Starch synthase

In enzymology, a starch synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ADP-glucose and a chain of D-glucose residues joined by 1,4-alpha-glycosidic bonds, whereas its two products are ADP and an elongated chain of glucose residues...

 --- glucuronosyltransferase

Glucuronosyltransferase

Uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase is a glycosyltransferase that catalyzes addition of the glycosyl group from a UTP-sugar to a small hydrophobic molecule.This is glucuronidation reaction.Alternative names:...

 --- mannosyltransferases --- peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase

Peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase

In enzymology, a peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 4 substrates of this enzyme are [GlcNAc--Mur2Ac]n-, diphosphoundecaprenol, GlcNAc--Mur2Ac-, and diphosphoundecaprenol, whereas its 3 products are...

 --- pentosyltransferases

Pentosyltransferases

Pentosyltransferases are a type of glycosyltransferase that catalyze the transfer of a pentose.Examples include:* adenine phosphoribosyltransferase* hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase* pertussis toxin* poly ADP ribose polymerase...

 --- adenine phosphoribosyltransferase

Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase

Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the APRT gene.- Function :APRTase is an enzyme involved in the purine nucleotide salvage pathway...

 --- adp ribose transferases --- cholera toxin

Cholera toxin

Cholera toxin is a protein complex secreted by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. CTX is responsible for the massive, watery diarrhea characteristic of cholera infection.- Structure :...

 --- diphtheria toxin

Diphtheria toxin

Diphtheria toxin is an exotoxin secreted by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the pathogen bacterium that causes diphtheria. Unusually, the toxin gene is encoded by a bacteriophage...

 --- nad+ nucleosidase

NAD+ nucleosidase

In enzymology, a NAD+ nucleosidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are NAD+ and H2O, whereas its two products are ADP-ribose and nicotinamide....

 --- adp-ribosyl cyclase --- pertussis toxin

Pertussis toxin

Pertussis toxin is a protein-based AB5-type exotoxin produced by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, which causes whooping cough. PT is involved in the colonization of the respiratory tract and the establishment of infection...

 --- poly(adp-ribose) polymerases --- tankyrases --- sirtuins --- amidophosphoribosyltransferase

Amidophosphoribosyltransferase

Amidophosphoribosyltransferase , also known as glutamine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase , is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PPAT gene.- Function :...

 --- anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase

Anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase

In enzymology, an anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are N--anthranilate and diphosphate, whereas its two products are anthranilate and 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.This enzyme belongs to the...

 --- ATP phosphoribosyltransferase

ATP phosphoribosyltransferase

In enzymology, an ATP phosphoribosyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 1--ATP and diphosphate, whereas its two products are ATP and 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.This enzyme belongs to the family of...

 --- hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase --- orotate phosphoribosyltransferase

Orotate phosphoribosyltransferase

Orotate phosphoribosyltransferase is an enzyme involved in pyrimidine biosynthesis. It catalyzes the formation of orotidine 5'-monophosphate from orotate and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate...

 --- purine-nucleoside phosphorylase

Purine-nucleoside phosphorylase

In enzymology, a purine-nucleoside phosphorylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are purine nucleoside and phosphate, whereas its two products are purine and alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate....

 --- thymidine phosphorylase

Thymidine phosphorylase

In enzymology, a thymidine phosphorylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are thymidine and phosphate, whereas its two products are thymine and 2-deoxy-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate....

 --- uridine phosphorylase

Uridine phosphorylase

In enzymology, an uridine phosphorylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are uridine and phosphate, whereas its two products are uracil and alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate....

 --- sialyltransferases

--- nitrogenous group transferases (EC 2.6)

--- transaminases --- alanine transaminase

Alanine transaminase

Alanine transaminase or ALT is a transaminase enzyme . It is also called serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase or alanine aminotransferase ....

 --- 2-aminoadipate transaminase

2-aminoadipate transaminase

In enzymology, a 2-aminoadipate transaminase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-2-aminoadipate and 2-oxoglutarate, whereas its two products are 2-oxoadipate and L-glutamate....

 --- 4-aminobutyrate transaminase

4-aminobutyrate transaminase

In enzymology, a 4-aminobutyrate transaminase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 4-aminobutanoate and 2-oxoglutarate, whereas its two products are succinate semialdehyde and L-glutamate....

 --- aspartate aminotransferases --- aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic --- aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial --- beta-alanine-pyruvate transaminase

Beta-alanine-pyruvate transaminase

In enzymology, a beta-alanine-pyruvate transaminase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-alanine and 3-oxopropanoate, whereas its two products are pyruvate and beta-alanine....

 --- d-alanine transaminase --- glutamate synthase --- glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase (isomerizing)

Glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase (isomerizing)

In enzymology, a glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-glutamine and D-fructose 6-phosphate, whereas its two products are L-glutamate and D-glucosamine 6-phosphate.This enzyme belongs to the...

 --- glycine transaminase

Glycine transaminase

In enzymology, a glycine transaminase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are glycine and 2-oxoglutarate, whereas its two products are glyoxylate and L-glutamate....

 --- leucine transaminase

Leucine transaminase

In enzymology, a leucine transaminase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-leucine and 2-oxoglutarate, whereas its two products are 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate and L-glutamate....

 --- l-lysine 6-transaminase

L-lysine 6-transaminase

In enzymology, a L-lysine 6-transaminase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-lysine and 2-oxoglutarate, whereas its two products are 2-aminoadipate 6-semialdehyde and L-glutamate....

 --- ornithine-oxo-acid transaminase --- succinyldiaminopimelate transaminase

Succinyldiaminopimelate transaminase

In enzymology, a succinyldiaminopimelate transaminase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are N-succinyl-L-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate and 2-oxoglutarate, whereas its two products are N-succinyl-L-2-amino-6-oxoheptanedioate and L-glutamate.This...

 --- tryptophan transaminase

Tryptophan transaminase

In enzymology, a tryptophan transaminase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-tryptophan and 2-oxoglutarate, whereas its two products are pyruvate and L-glutamate....

 --- tyrosine transaminase

--- one-carbon group transferases (EC 2.1)

--- amidinotransferases --- carboxyl and carbamoyl transferases --- aspartate carbamoyltransferase

Aspartate carbamoyltransferase

Aspartate carbamoyltransferase catalyzes the first step in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway .In E. coli, the enzyme is a multi-subunit protein complex composed of 12 subunits...

 --- ornithine carbamoyltransferase --- hydroxymethyl and formyl transferases --- aminomethyltransferase

Aminomethyltransferase

Aminomethyltransferase is an enzyme that catabolizes the creation of methylenetetrahydrofolate. It is part of the glycine decarboxylase complex....

 --- glutamate formimidoyltransferase

Glutamate formimidoyltransferase

In molecular biology, Glutamate formimidoyltransferase is a methyltransferase enzyme which uses tetrahydrofolate as part of histidine catabolism...

 --- glycine hydroxymethyltransferase

Glycine hydroxymethyltransferase

In enzymology, a glycine hydroxymethyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, glycine, and H2O, whereas its two products are tetrahydrofolate and L-serine....

 --- phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase

Phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase

In enzymology, a phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase , also known by the shorter name AICAR transformylase, is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction...

 --- phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase

Phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase

Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GART gene.This protein is a trifunctional polypeptide...

 --- methyltransferases --- acetylserotonin n-methyltransferase --- betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase

Betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase

In the field of enzymology, a betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase also known as betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase is a zinc metallo-enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from betaine to homocysteine to produce dimethylglycine and methionine respectively:* betaine +...

 --- catechol O-methyltransferase --- dna modification methylases --- dna (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase --- site-specific dna-methyltransferase (adenine-specific) --- site-specific dna methyltransferase (cytosine-specific) --- glycine N-methyltransferase

Glycine N-methyltransferase

In enzymology, a glycine N-methyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are S-adenosyl methionine and glycine, whereas its two products are S-adenosylhomocysteine and sarcosine....

 --- guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase

Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase

Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction and is encoded by gene GAMT located on chromosome 19p13.3....

 --- histamine N-methyltransferase

Histamine N-methyltransferase

Histamine N-methyltransferase is one of two enzymes involved in the metabolism of histamine. The other being diamine oxidase. Histamine N-methyltransferase catalyzes the methylation of histamine in the presence of S-adenosylmethionine forming N-methylhistamine. HMT is present in most body tissues...

 --- homocysteine S-methyltransferase

Homocysteine S-methyltransferase

In enzymology, a homocysteine S-methyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are S-adenosyl methionine and L-homocysteine, whereas its two products are S-adenosylhomocysteine and L-methionine....

 --- 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine s-methyltransferase --- nicotinamide N-methyltransferase

Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase

In enzymology, a nicotinamide N-methyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are S-adenosyl methionine and nicotinamide, whereas its two products are S-adenosylhomocysteine and 1-methylnicotinamide.This enzyme belongs to the family of...

 --- phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase

Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase

Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase is an enzyme found in the adrenal medulla that converts Norepinephrine to Epinephrine .PNMT is positively influenced by cortisol, which is produced in the adrenal cortex....

 --- phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine N-methyltransferase

Phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine N-methyltransferase

In enzymology, a phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine N-methyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are S-adenosyl methionine and phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine, whereas its two products are S-adenosylhomocysteine and...

 --- phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase

Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase

In enzymology, a phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are S-adenosyl methionine and phosphatidylethanolamine, whereas its two products are S-adenosylhomocysteine and...

 --- protein methyltransferases --- histone-lysine n-methyltransferase --- o-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase

O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase

Methylated-DNA-protein-cysteine methyltransferase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MGMT gene.- Function :O-alkyl-guanine is the major carcinogenic lesion in DNA induced by alkylating mutagens. This DNA adduct is removed by the repair protein, O-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase...

 --- protein-arginine n-methyltransferase --- protein o-methyltransferase --- protein d-aspartate-l-isoaspartate methyltransferase --- thymidylate synthase

Thymidylate synthase

Thymidylate synthetase is the enzyme used to generate thymidine monophosphate , which is subsequently phosphorylated to thymidine triphosphate for use in DNA synthesis and repair....

 --- trna methyltransferases

--- phosphotransferases (EC 2.7)

--- diphosphotransferases --- gtp pyrophosphokinase --- ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase --- thiamin pyrophosphokinase --- myosin type iii --- nucleotidyltransferases --- n-acylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase

N-acylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase

In enzymology, a N-acylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are CTP and N-acylneuraminate, whereas its two products are diphosphate and CMP-N-acylneuraminate....

 --- choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase

Choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase

In enzymology, a choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are CTP and choline phosphate, whereas its two products are diphosphate and CDP-choline....

 --- dna nucleotidyltransferases --- dna-directed dna polymerase --- dna polymerase beta

DNA polymerase beta

[edit]Polymerase , beta, also known as POLB, is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the POLB gene.- Function :...

 --- dna polymerase i

DNA polymerase I

DNA Polymerase I is an enzyme that participates in the process of DNA replication in prokaryotes. It is composed of 928 amino acids, and is an example of a processive enzyme - it can sequentially catalyze multiple polymerisations. Discovered by Arthur Kornberg in 1956, it was the first known...

 --- dna polymerase ii

DNA polymerase II

DNA polymerase II is a prokaryotic DNA polymerase most likely involved in DNA repair.The enzyme is 90 kDa in size and is coded by the polB gene. DNA Pol II can synthesize DNA new base pairs at an average rate of between 40 and 50 nucleotides/second. Strains lacking the gene show no defect in...

 --- dna polymerase iii --- rna-directed dna polymerase --- hiv-1 reverse transcriptase --- telomerase

Telomerase

Telomerase is an enzyme that adds DNA sequence repeats to the 3' end of DNA strands in the telomere regions, which are found at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. This region of repeated nucleotide called telomeres contains non-coding DNA material and prevents constant loss of important DNA from...

 --- taq polymerase

Taq polymerase

thumb|228px|right|Structure of Taq DNA polymerase bound to a DNA octamerTaq polymerase is a thermostable DNA polymerase named after the thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus from which it was originally isolated by Thomas D. Brock in 1965...

 --- dna nucleotidylexotransferase --- glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase

Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase

In enzymology, a glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate, whereas its two products are diphosphate and ADP-glucose....

 --- nicotinamide-nucleotide adenylyltransferase

Nicotinamide-nucleotide adenylyltransferase

In enzymology, a nicotinamide-nucleotide adenylyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and nicotinamide ribonucleotide, whereas its two products are diphosphate and NAD+....

 --- 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase --- polynucleotide adenylyltransferase

Polynucleotide adenylyltransferase

In enzymology, a polynucleotide adenylyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and RNA, whereas its two products are diphosphate and RNA with an extra adenosine nucleotide at its 3' end....

 --- rec a recombinases --- rna nucleotidyltransferases --- dna, catalytic --- dna-directed rna polymerases --- dna primase --- rna polymerase i

RNA polymerase I

RNA polymerase I is, in eukaryotes, the enzyme that only transcribes ribosomal RNA , a type of RNA that accounts for over 50% of the total RNA synthesized in a cell....

 --- rna polymerase ii

RNA polymerase II

RNA polymerase II is an enzyme found in eukaryotic cells. It catalyzes the transcription of DNA to synthesize precursors of mRNA and most snRNA and microRNA. A 550 kDa complex of 12 subunits, RNAP II is the most studied type of RNA polymerase...

 --- rna polymerase iii

RNA polymerase III

RNA polymerase III transcribes DNA to synthesize ribosomal 5S rRNA, tRNA and other small RNAs. The genes transcribed by RNA Pol III fall in the category of "housekeeping" genes whose expression is required in all cell types and most environmental conditions...

 --- rna polymerase sigma 54 --- polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase --- q beta replicase --- rna helicases --- eukaryotic initiation factor-4a --- rna replicase --- rna, ribosomal, self-splicing --- sulfate adenylyltransferase

Sulfate adenylyltransferase

In enzymology, a sulfate adenylyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and sulfate, whereas its two products are diphosphate and adenylyl sulfate....

 --- transposases --- hiv integrase --- transposon resolvases --- UDP-glucose—hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase --- UTP—glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase --- UTP—hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase --- vdj recombinases --- phosphotransferases (alcohol group acceptor) --- adenosine kinase

Adenosine kinase

In enzymology, an adenosine kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and adenosine, whereas its two products are ADP and AMP....

 --- choline kinase

Choline kinase

Choline Kinase is an enzyme which catalyzes the first reaction in the choline pathway for phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis.This reaction involves the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to choline in order to form phosphocholine.Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and choline,...

 --- deoxycytidine kinase

Deoxycytidine kinase

Deoxycytidine kinase, also known as DCK, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the DCK gene.DCK transfers phosphate to deoxycytidine.- Function :...

 --- diacylglycerol kinase

Diacylglycerol kinase

Diacylglycerol kinase is a family of enzymes that catalyzes the conversion of diacylglycerol to phosphatidic acid utilizing ATP as a source of the phosphate...

 --- fructokinases --- phosphofructokinases --- phosphofructokinase-1 --- phosphofructokinase-1, liver type --- phosphofructokinase-1, muscle type --- phosphofructokinase-1, type c --- phosphofructokinase-2 --- galactokinase

Galactokinase

Galactokinase is an enzyme that facilitates the phosphorylation of α-D-galactose to galactose 1-phosphate at the expense of one molecule of ATP. Galactokinase catalyzes the second step of the Leloir pathway, a metabolic pathway found in most organisms for the catabolism of β-D-galactose to glucose...

 --- glucokinase

Glucokinase

Glucokinase is an enzyme that facilitates phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate. Glucokinase occurs in cells in the liver, pancreas, gut, and brain of humans and most other vertebrates...

 --- glycerol kinase

Glycerol kinase

Glycerol kinase is a phosphotransferase enzyme involved in triglycerides and glycerophospholipids synthesis.Glycerol kinase catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate from ATP to glycerol thus forming glycerol phosphate . Adipocytes lack glycerol kinase so they cannot metabolize the glycerol produced...

 --- hexokinase

Hexokinase

A hexokinase is an enzyme that phosphorylates a six-carbon sugar, a hexose, to a hexose phosphate. In most tissues and organisms, glucose is the most important substrate of hexokinases, and glucose-6-phosphate the most important product....

 --- kanamycin kinase

Kanamycin kinase

In enzymology, a kanamycin kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and kanamycin, whereas its two products are ADP and kanamycin 3'-phosphate....

 --- 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase --- 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase

1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase

In enzymology, a 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol, whereas its two products are ADP and 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate.This enzyme belongs to the family of...

 --- phosphoenolpyruvate sugar phosphotransferase system --- polynucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase

Polynucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase

In enzymology, a polynucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and 5'-dephospho-DNA, whereas its two products are ADP and 5'-phospho-DNA....

 --- protein kinases --- phosphorylase kinase

Phosphorylase kinase

Phosphorylase kinase is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase which activates glycogen phosphorylase to release glucose-1-phosphate from glycogen...

 --- protein-serine-threonine kinases --- activin receptors --- activin receptors, type i --- activin receptors, type ii --- bone morphogenetic protein receptors

Bone morphogenetic protein receptors

There are three bone morphogenetic protein receptors in humans:* Bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type 1:** BMPR1A** BMPR1B* Bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type 2-External links:...

 --- bone morphogenetic protein receptors, type i --- bone morphogenetic protein receptors, type ii --- ca(2+)-calmodulin dependent protein kinase --- myosin-light-chain kinase --- casein kinases --- casein kinase i --- casein kinase ialpha --- casein kinase idelta --- casein kinase iepsilon --- casein kinase ii --- cyclic nucleotide-regulated protein kinases --- cyclic amp-dependent protein kinases --- beta-adrenergic receptor kinase --- cyclic gmp-dependent protein kinases --- protamine kinase --- cyclin-dependent kinases --- cdc2-cdc28 kinases --- cdc2 protein kinase --- cdc28 protein kinase, s cerevisiae --- cyclin-dependent kinase 5

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5

Cell division protein kinase 5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDK5 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is part of the cyclin-dependent kinase family.-Physiological Role:...

 --- cyclin-dependent kinase 9 --- cyclin-dependent kinase 2

Cyclin-dependent kinase 2

Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 also known as cell division protein kinase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDK2 gene.-Function:...

 --- cyclin-dependent kinase 4

Cyclin-dependent kinase 4

Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 is part of the cyclin-dependent kinase family.It is regulated by Cyclin D.-Interactions:Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 has been shown to interact with SERTAD1, CDC37, CEBPA, PCNA, Cyclin D3, Cyclin D1, CDKN2C, MyoD, P16, CDKN2B, Drebrin-like and CDKN1B.-External links:...

 --- cyclin-dependent kinase 6

Cyclin-dependent kinase 6

Cell division protein kinase 6 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDK6 gene.It is regulated by Cyclin D.-Interactions:Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 has been shown to interact with CDKN2C, P16, PPM1B, Cyclin D3, Cyclin D1 and PPP2CA....

 --- maturation-promoting factor --- cdc2 protein kinase --- dna-activated protein kinase --- eif-2 kinase

EIF-2 kinase

eIF-2 is a kinase enzyme that phosphorylates eIF-2.There are four forms in mammals:* EIF2AK1: heme-regulated inhibitor kinase * EIF2AK2: the double-stranded RNA-dependent kinase * EIF2AK3: PEK/PERK* EIF2AK4: GCN2...

 --- glycogen synthase kinases --- glycogen synthase kinase 3 --- i-kappa B kinase --- map kinase kinase kinases --- map kinase kinase kinase 1 --- map kinase kinase kinase 2 --- map kinase kinase kinase 3 --- map kinase kinase kinase 4 --- map kinase kinase kinase 5 --- proto-oncogene proteins c-mos --- raf kinases --- oncogene proteins v-raf --- proto-oncogene proteins b-raf --- proto-oncogene proteins c-raf --- mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases --- map kinase kinase 1 --- map kinase kinase 2 --- map kinase kinase 3 --- map kinase kinase 4 --- map kinase kinase 5 --- map kinase kinase 6 --- map kinase kinase 7 --- mitogen-activated protein kinases --- extracellular signal-regulated map kinases --- mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 --- mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 --- mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 --- mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 --- jnk mitogen-activated protein kinases --- mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 --- mitogen-activated protein kinase 9

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPK9 gene.-Interactions:Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 has been shown to interact with TOB1, Grb2, MAPK8IP2, P53, MAPK8IP3 and MAPK8IP1.-Further reading:...

 --- mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 --- p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases

P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases

P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases are a class of mitogen-activated protein kinases that are responsive to stress stimuli, such as cytokines, ultraviolet irradiation, heat shock, and osmotic shock, and are involved in cell differentiation and apoptosis....

 --- oncogene protein v-akt --- phytochrome a --- proline-directed protein kinases --- cyclin-dependent kinases --- cdc2-cdc28 kinases --- cyclin-dependent kinase 5

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5

Cell division protein kinase 5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDK5 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is part of the cyclin-dependent kinase family.-Physiological Role:...

 --- cyclin-dependent kinase 2

Cyclin-dependent kinase 2

Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 also known as cell division protein kinase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDK2 gene.-Function:...

 --- cyclin-dependent kinase 4

Cyclin-dependent kinase 4

Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 is part of the cyclin-dependent kinase family.It is regulated by Cyclin D.-Interactions:Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 has been shown to interact with SERTAD1, CDC37, CEBPA, PCNA, Cyclin D3, Cyclin D1, CDKN2C, MyoD, P16, CDKN2B, Drebrin-like and CDKN1B.-External links:...

 --- cyclin-dependent kinase 6

Cyclin-dependent kinase 6

Cell division protein kinase 6 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDK6 gene.It is regulated by Cyclin D.-Interactions:Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 has been shown to interact with CDKN2C, P16, PPM1B, Cyclin D3, Cyclin D1 and PPP2CA....

 --- glycogen synthase kinase 3 --- mitogen-activated protein kinases --- extracellular signal-regulated map kinases --- mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 --- mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 --- mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 --- mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 --- jnk mitogen-activated protein kinases --- mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 --- mitogen-activated protein kinase 9

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPK9 gene.-Interactions:Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 has been shown to interact with TOB1, Grb2, MAPK8IP2, P53, MAPK8IP3 and MAPK8IP1.-Further reading:...

 --- mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 --- p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases

P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases

P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases are a class of mitogen-activated protein kinases that are responsive to stress stimuli, such as cytokines, ultraviolet irradiation, heat shock, and osmotic shock, and are involved in cell differentiation and apoptosis....

 --- protein kinase c

Protein kinase C

Protein kinase C also known as PKC is a family of enzymes that are involved in controlling the function of other proteins through the phosphorylation of hydroxyl groups of serine and threonine amino acid residues on these proteins. PKC enzymes in turn are activated by signals such as increases in...

 --- protein kinase c-alpha --- protein kinase c-delta --- protein kinase c-epsilon --- proto-oncogene proteins c-akt --- proto-oncogene proteins c-bcr --- proto-oncogene proteins c-pim-1 --- rhodopsin kinase

Rhodopsin kinase

Rhodopsin kinase is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase involved in phototransduction.-See also:* Rhodopsin* Beta adrenergic receptor kinase* G-protein coupled receptor kinases-External links:...

 --- ribosomal protein s6 kinases --- ribosomal protein s6 kinases, 70-kda --- ribosomal protein s6 kinases, 90-kda --- protein-tyrosine kinase --- focal adhesion protein-tyrosine kinases --- focal adhesion kinase 1 --- focal adhesion kinase 2 --- mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases --- map kinase kinase 1 --- map kinase kinase 2 --- map kinase kinase 3 --- map kinase kinase 4 --- map kinase kinase 5 --- map kinase kinase 6 --- map kinase kinase 7 --- proto-oncogene proteins c-fes --- receptor protein-tyrosine kinases --- fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 --- receptor, fibroblast growth factor, type 1 --- receptor, fibroblast growth factor, type 2 --- receptor, fibroblast growth factor, type 3 --- receptor, fibroblast growth factor, type 4 --- proto-oncogene proteins c-kit --- proto-oncogene proteins c-met --- proto-oncogene proteins c-ret --- receptor, epidermal growth factor --- receptor, erbb-2 --- receptor, erbb-3 --- receptor, igf type 1 --- receptor, insulin --- receptor, macrophage colony-stimulating factor --- receptor, trka --- receptor, trkb --- receptor, trkc --- receptors, eph family --- receptor, epha1 --- receptor, epha2 --- receptor, epha3 --- receptor, epha4 --- receptor, epha5 --- receptor, epha6 --- receptor, epha7 --- receptor, epha8 --- receptor, ephb1 --- receptor, ephb2 --- receptor, ephb3 --- receptor, ephb4 --- receptor, ephb5 --- receptors, platelet-derived growth factor --- receptor, platelet-derived growth factor alpha --- receptor, platelet-derived growth factor beta --- receptors, tie --- receptor, tie-1 --- receptor, tie-2 --- receptors, vascular endothelial growth factor --- vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 --- vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 --- vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 --- proto-oncogene proteins c-abl --- src-family kinases --- lymphocyte specific protein tyrosine kinase p56(lck) --- oncogene protein pp60(v-src) --- proto-oncogene proteins c-fyn --- proto-oncogene proteins c-hck --- proto-oncogene proteins c-yes --- proto-oncogene proteins pp60(c-src) --- zap-70 protein-tyrosine kinase --- pyridoxal kinase

Pyridoxal kinase

In enzymology, a pyridoxal kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and pyridoxal, whereas its two products are ADP and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate....

 --- pyruvate kinase

Pyruvate kinase

Pyruvate kinase is an enzyme involved in glycolysis. It catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from phosphoenolpyruvate to ADP, yielding one molecule of pyruvate and one molecule of ATP.-Reaction:The reaction with pyruvate kinase:...

 --- thymidine kinase

Thymidine kinase

Thymidine kinase is an enzyme, a phosphotransferase : 2'-deoxythymidine kinase, ATP-thymidine 5'-phosphotransferase, . It can be found in most living cells. It is present in two forms in mammalian cells, TK1 and TK2...

 --- uridine kinase

Uridine kinase

In enzymology, an uridine kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and uridine, whereas its two products are ADP and UMP....

 --- phosphotransferases (carboxyl group acceptor) --- acetate kinase

Acetate kinase

In molecular biology, acetate kinase , which is predominantly found in micro-organisms, facilitates the production of acetyl-CoA by phosphorylating acetate in the presence of ATP and a divalent cation. The enzyme is important in the process of glycolysis, enzyme levels being increased in the...

 --- aspartate kinase --- aspartokinase homoserine dehydrogenase --- phosphoglycerate kinase

Phosphoglycerate kinase

Phosphoglycerate kinase is a transferase enzyme used in the seventh step of glycolysis. It transfers a phosphate group from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to ADP, forming ATP and 3-Phosphoglycerate....

 --- phosphotransferases (nitrogenous group acceptor) --- arginine kinase

Arginine kinase

In enzymology, an arginine kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and L-arginine, whereas its two products are ADP and Nomega-phospho-L-arginine....

 --- creatine kinase

Creatine kinase

Creatine kinase , also known as creatine phosphokinase or phospho-creatine kinase , is an enzyme expressed by various tissues and cell types. CK catalyses the conversion of creatine and consumes adenosine triphosphate to create phosphocreatine and adenosine diphosphate...

 --- creatine kinase, bb form --- creatine kinase, mb form --- creatine kinase, mitochondrial form --- creatine kinase, mm form --- phosphotransferases (paired acceptors) --- pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase --- phosphotransferases (phosphate group acceptor) --- adenylate kinase

Adenylate kinase

Adenylate kinase is a phosphotransferase enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of adenine nucleotides, and plays an important role in cellular energy homeostasis.-Substrate and products:...

 --- atp synthetase complexes --- proton-translocating atpases --- bacterial proton-translocating atpases --- chloroplast proton-translocating atpases --- mitochondrial proton-translocating atpases --- vacuolar proton-translocating atpases --- guanylate kinase

Guanylate kinase

In enzymology, a guanylate kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and GMP, whereas its two products are ADP and GDP....

 --- nucleoside-diphosphate kinase

Nucleoside-diphosphate kinase

Nucleoside-diphosphate kinases are enzymes that catalyze the exchange of phosphate groups between different nucleoside diphosphates...

 --- nucleoside-phosphate kinase

Nucleoside-phosphate kinase

In enzymology, a nucleoside-phosphate kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and nucleoside phosphate, whereas its two products are ADP and nucleoside diphosphate....

 --- transferases (other substituted phosphate groups) --- cdp-diacylglycerol-inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase

CDP-diacylglycerol-inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase

In enzymology, a CDP-diacylglycerol-inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are CDP-diacylglycerol and myo-inositol, whereas its two products are CMP and phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol.This enzyme belongs to the...

 --- cdpdiacylglycerol-serine o-phosphatidyltransferase --- diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase

Diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase

In enzymology, a diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are CDP-choline and 1,2-diacylglycerol, whereas its two products are CMP and phosphatidylcholine....

 --- ethanolaminephosphotransferase

Ethanolaminephosphotransferase

In enzymology, an ethanolaminephosphotransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are CDP-ethanolamine and 1,2-diacylglycerol, whereas its two products are CMP and phosphatidylethanolamine....

--- sulfur group transferases (EC 2.8)

--- coenzyme a-transferases --- sulfotransferases --- aryl sulfotransferase

Aryl sulfotransferase

An aryl sulfotransferase is an enzyme thattransfers a sulphate group from phenolic sulphate esters to a phenolic acceptor substrate.Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate and phenol, whereas its two products are adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate and aryl sulfate.These...

 --- sulfurtransferases --- thiosulfate sulfurtransferase

Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase

In enzymology, a thiosulfate sulfurtransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are thiosulfate and cyanide, whereas its two products are sulfite and thiocyanate....