N05AA Phenothiazine

Phenothiazine

Phenothiazine is an organic compound that occurs in various antipsychotic and antihistaminic drugs. It has the formula S2NH. This yellow tricyclic compound is soluble in acetic acid, benzene, and ether. The compound is related to the thiazine-class of heterocyclic compounds...

s with aliphatic side-chain

N05AA01 Chlorpromazine

Chlorpromazine

Chlorpromazine is a typical antipsychotic...

N05AA02 Levomepromazine

Levomepromazine

Levomepromazine in Germany and Methotrimeprazine in America is an aliphatic phenothiazine neuroleptic drug...

N05AA03 Promazine

Promazine

Promazine is a medication that belongs to the phenothiazine class of antipsychotics. An older medication used to treat schizophrenia, it is still prescribed, alongside newer agents such as olanzapine and quetiapine...

N05AA04 Acepromazine

Acepromazine

Acepromazine or acetylpromazine is a phenothiazine derivative antipsychotic drug. It was first used in humans in the 1950s, but is now little used in humans...

N05AA05 Triflupromazine

Triflupromazine

Triflupromazine is an antipsychotic medication of the phenothiazine class. Among different effects of triflupromazine indication for use of this drug is severe emesis...

N05AA06 Cyamemazine

Cyamemazine

Cyamemazine , also known as cyamepromazine, is a typical antipsychotic drug of the phenothiazine class which was introduced by Theraplix in France in 1972 and later in Portugal as well...

N05AA07 Chlorproethazine

Chlorproethazine

Chlorproethazine is an antipsychotic.Buisson, P.; Gailliot, P.; 1956, ....

N05AB Phenothiazines with piperazine

Piperazine

Piperazine is an organic compound that consists of a six-membered ring containing two opposing nitrogen atoms. Piperazine exists as small alkaline deliquescent crystals with a saline taste....

 structure

N05AB01 Dixyrazine

Dixyrazine

Dixyrazine is an antipsychotic. It was first introduced in Germany in 1969 under the name Esucos. It is used as a neuroleptic, anxiolytic and antihistaminic in doses between 12,5-75 mg a day....

N05AB02 Fluphenazine

Fluphenazine

Fluphenazine is a typical antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of psychoses such as schizophrenia and acute manic phases of bipolar disorder. It belongs to the piperazine class of phenothiazines....

N05AB03 Perphenazine

Perphenazine

Perphenazine is a typical antipsychotic drug. Chemically, it is classified as a piperazinyl phenothiazine. It has been in clinical use for decades....

N05AB04 Prochlorperazine

Prochlorperazine

Prochlorperazine is a dopamine receptor antagonist that belongs to the phenothiazine class of antipsychotic agents that are used for the antiemetic treatment of nausea and vertigo. It is also a highly-potent typical antipsychotic, 10-20x more potent than chlorpromazine...

N05AB05 Thiopropazate

Thiopropazate

Thiopropazate is a typical antipsychotic of the phenothiazine class.- References :...

N05AB06 Trifluoperazine

Trifluoperazine

Trifluoperazine is a typical antipsychotic of the phenothiazine chemical class.- Uses :...

N05AB07 Acetophenazine

Acetophenazine

Acetophenazine is a typical antipsychotic of the phenothiazine class.- References :...

N05AB08 Thioproperazine

Thioproperazine

Thioproperazine is an antipsychotic....

N05AB09 Butaperazine

Butaperazine

Butaperazine is a typical antipsychotic of the phenothiazine class.- References :...

N05AB10 Perazine

Perazine

Perazine is a moderate-potency typical antipsychotic of the phenothiazine class. It is quite similar to chlorpromazine, and acts as a dopamine antagonist.- External links :...

N05AC Phenothiazines with piperidine

Piperidine

Piperidine is an organic compound with the molecular formula 5NH. This heterocyclic amine consists of a six-membered ring containing five methylene units and one nitrogen atom...

 structure

N05AC01 Periciazine

Periciazine

Pericyazine is a medication that belongs to the phenothiazine class of antipsychotics. It has also been studied in the treatment of opiate dependence....

N05AC02 Thioridazine

Thioridazine

Thioridazine is a piperidine typical antipsychotic drug belonging to the phenothiazine drug group and was previously widely used in the treatment of schizophrenia and psychosis...

N05AC03 Mesoridazine

Mesoridazine

Mesoridazine is a piperidine neuroleptic drug belonging to the class of drugs called phenothiazines, used in the treatment of schizophrenia. It is a metabolite of thioridazine...

N05AC04 Pipotiazine

Pipotiazine

Pipotiazine , also known as pipothiazine, is a typical antipsychotic of the phenothiazine class used in the United Kingdom and other European countries for the treatment of schizophrenia. Its properties are similar to those of chlorpromazine.- References :...

N05AD Butyrophenone

Butyrophenone

Butyrophenone is a chemical compound ; some of its derivatives are used to treat various psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, as well as acting as antiemetics....

 derivatives

N05AD01 Haloperidol

Haloperidol

Haloperidol is a typical antipsychotic. It is in the butyrophenone class of antipsychotic medications and has pharmacological effects similar to the phenothiazines....

N05AD02 Trifluperidol

Trifluperidol

Trifluperidol is a typical antipsychotic of the butyrophenone chemical class. It has general properties similar to those of haloperidol, but is considerably more potent by weight, and causes relatively more severe side effects, especially tardive dyskinesia and other extrapyramidal effects. It is...

N05AD03 Melperone

Melperone

Melperone is an atypical antipsychotic of the butyrophenone chemical class.- External links :*...

N05AD04 Moperone

Moperone

Moperone is a typical antipsychotic....

N05AD05 Pipamperone

Pipamperone

Pipamperone is an antipsychotic drug used in the treatment of schizophrenia. Pipamperone is known to the general public under the marketed brand name Dipiperon. It was discovered at Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1960....

N05AD06 Bromperidol

Bromperidol

Bromperidol is a drug which is a butyrophenone derivative. It is a potent and long-acting neuroleptic, used as an antipsychotic in the treatment of schizophrenia. It was discovered at Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1966.- References :...

N05AD07 Benperidol

Benperidol

Benperidol is a drug which is a highly potent butyrophenone derivative. It is in fact the most potent neuroleptic on the European market, with chlorpromazine equivalency as high as 75 to 100 ....

N05AD08 Droperidol

Droperidol

Droperidol is an antidopaminergic drug used as an antiemetic and antipsychotic...

N05AD09 Fluanisone

Fluanisone

Fluanisone is a typical antipsychotic and sedative of the butyrophenone chemical class. It is used in the treatment of schizophrenia and mania.- References :...

QN05AD90 Azaperone

Azaperone

Azaperone is a pyridinylpiperazine and butyrophenone neuroleptic drug with sedative and antiemetic effects, which is used mainly as a tranquilizer in veterinary medicine. It is used mainly in pigs and elephants. More rarely it may be used in humans as an antipsychotic drug, but this is uncommon...

N05AE Indole

Indole

Indole is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound. It has a bicyclic structure, consisting of a six-membered benzene ring fused to a five-membered nitrogen-containing pyrrole ring. Indole is a popular component of fragrances and the precursor to many pharmaceuticals. Compounds that contain an...

 derivatives

N05AE01 Oxypertine

Oxypertine

Oxypertine is an antipsychotic used in the treatment of schizophrenia. Chemically, it is an indole derivative similarly to molindone and a member of the phenylpiperazine class...

N05AE02 Molindone

Molindone

Molindone is a therapeutic antipsychotic, used in the treatment of schizophrenia. It works by blocking the effects of dopamine in the brain, leading to diminished psychoses...

N05AE03 Sertindole

Sertindole

Sertindole is an antipsychotic medication. Sertindole was developed by the Danish pharmaceutical company H. Lundbeck and marketed under license by Abbott Labs. Like other atypical antipsychotics, it has activity at dopamine and serotonin receptors in the brain. It is used in the treatment of...

N05AE04 Ziprasidone

Ziprasidone

Ziprasidone was the fifth atypical antipsychotic to gain FDA approval . In the United States, Ziprasidone is Food and Drug Administration approved for the treatment of schizophrenia, and the intramuscular injection form of ziprasidone is approved for acute agitation in schizophrenic patients...

N05AF Thioxanthene

Thioxanthene

Thioxanthene is a chemical compound in which the oxygen atom in xanthene is replaced with a sulfur atom. It is also related to phenothiazine. Several of its derivatives are used as typical antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychoses....

 derivative

N05AF01 Flupentixol

Flupentixol

Flupentixol , also known as flupenthixol , marketed under brand names such as Depixol and Fluanxol, is a typical antipsychotic drug of the thioxanthene class...

N05AF02 Clopenthixol

Clopenthixol

Clopenthixol , also known as clopentixol, is a typical antipsychotic drug of the thioxanthene class. It was introduced by Lundbeck in 1961....

N05AF03 Chlorprothixene

Chlorprothixene

Chlorprothixene is a typical antipsychotic drug of the thioxanthene class and was the first of the series to be synthesized...

N05AF04 Thiothixene

Thiothixene

Thiothixene is a typical antipsychotic drug of the thioxanthene class used in the treatment of psychoses like schizophrenia. It was introduced on July 24, 1967 by Pfizer.-Chemistry:*Bloom, B. M.; Muren, J. F.; 1967, See also:...

N05AF05 Zuclopenthixol

Zuclopenthixol

Zuclopenthixol , also known as zuclopentixol, is a typical antipsychotic drug of the thioxanthene class...

N05AG Diphenylbutylpiperidine

Diphenylbutylpiperidine

Diphenylbutylpiperidines are a class of typical antipsychotic drugs which were all synthesized, developed, and marketed by Janssen Pharmaceutica.They include:* Clopimozide * Fluspirilene * Pimozide...

 derivatives

N05AG01 Fluspirilene

Fluspirilene

Fluspirilene is a diphenylbutylpiperidine antipsychotic drug, used for the treatment of schizophrenia. It is administered intramuscularly. It was discovered at Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1963.-Chemistry:...

N05AG02 Pimozide

Pimozide

Pimozide is an antipsychotic drug of the diphenylbutylpiperidine class. It was discovered at Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1963. It has a high potency compared to chlorpromazine . On a weight basis it is even more potent than haloperidol. It also has special neurologic indications for Tourette syndrome...

N05AG03 Penfluridol

Penfluridol

Penfluridol is a highly potent, first generation diphenylbutylpiperidine antipsychotic. It was discovered at Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1968. Related to other diphenylbutylpiperidine antipsychotics, pimozide and fluspirilene, penfluridol has an extremely long elimination half-life and its effects...

N05AH Diazepine

Diazepine

1,2-Diazepine is a seven-membered heterocyclic compound with two nitrogen atoms and three double bonds.-External links:*...

s, oxazepines, thiazepine

Thiazepine

Thiazepines are a substituted thiepins, with a nitrogen replacing a carbon in the seven-membered heterocyclic compound.Types include:* 1,3-thiazepine* 1,4-thiazepine...

s and oxepines

N05AH01 Loxapine

Loxapine

Loxapine is a typical antipsychotic medication, used primarily in the treatment of schizophrenia. It is a member of the dibenzoxazepine class and as a dibenzazepine derivative, it is structurally related to clozapine...

N05AH02 Clozapine

Clozapine

Clozapine is an antipsychotic medication used in the treatment of schizophrenia, and is also used off-label in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Wyatt. R and Chew...

N05AH03 Olanzapine

Olanzapine

Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic, approved by the FDA for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder...

N05AH04 Quetiapine

Quetiapine

Quetiapine , is an atypical antipsychotic approved for the treatment of schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder....

N05AH05 Asenapine

Asenapine

Asenapine is a new atypical antipsychotic developed for the treatment of schizophrenia and acute mania associated with bipolar disorder by Schering-Plough after its November 19, 2007 merger with Organon International. Development of the drug, through Phase III trials, began while Organon was still...

N05AH06 Clotiapine

Clotiapine

Clotiapine is an atypical antipsychotic of the dibenzothiazepine chemical class.It is structurally analogous to quetiapine.-External links:...

N05AL Benzamide

Benzamide

Benzamide is an off-white solid with the chemical formula of C6H5CONH2. It is a derivative of benzoic acid. It is slightly soluble in water, and soluble in many organic solvents.- External links :* *...

s

N05AL01 Sulpiride

Sulpiride

Sulpiride is an...

N05AL02 Sultopride

Sultopride

Sultopride is an atypical antipsychotic of the benzamide chemical class used in Europe, Japan, and Hong Kong for the treatment of schizophrenia. It was launched by Sanofi-Aventis in 1976. Sultopride acts as a selective D2 and D3 receptor antagonist...

N05AL03 Tiapride

Tiapride

Tiapride is a benzamide derivative with dopamine antagonist actions similar to sulpiride. It has been used as an antipsychotic and in the treatment of various movement disorders and alcoholism....

N05AL04 Remoxipride

Remoxipride

Remoxipride is an atypical antipsychotic which was previously used in Europe for the treatment of schizophrenia but was withdrawn due to toxicity concerns . It was initially launched by AstraZeneca in 1990 and suspension of its use began in 1993...

N05AL05 Amisulpride

Amisulpride

Amisulpride , is an atypical antipsychotic used to treat psychosis in schizophrenia and episodes of mania in bipolar disorder. In small doses it is also used to treat depression. It was introduced by Sanofi-Aventis in the 1990s.-Pharmacology:Amisulpride functions primarily as a D2 and D3 receptor...

N05AL06 Veralipride

Veralipride

Veralipride is a benzamide neuroleptic medicine indicated in the treatment of vasomotor symptoms associated with the menopause. It was first authorised for use in 1979. Veralipride has never gained approval in the United States....

N05AL07 Levosulpiride

Levosulpiride

A substituted benzamide anti-psychotic, reported to be a selective antagonist of dopamine D2 receptors activity on both central and peripheral levels.It is an atypical neuroleptic and a prokinetic agent. Levosulpiride is also claimed to have mood elevating properties...

N05AX Other antipsychotics

N05AX07 Prothipendyl

Prothipendyl

Prothipendyl is an antipsychotic related to the phenothiazines....

N05AX08 Risperidone

Risperidone

Risperidone is a second generation or atypical antipsychotic, sold under the trade name . It is used to treat schizophrenia , schizoaffective disorder, the mixed and manic states associated with bipolar disorder, and irritability in people with autism...

N05AX10 Mosapramine

Mosapramine

Mosapramine is an atypical antipsychotic used in Japan. It is a potent dopamine antagonist with high affinity to the D2, D3, and D4 receptors, and with moderate affinity for the 5-HT2 receptors.- References :...

N05AX11 Zotepine

Zotepine

Zotepine is an atypical antipsychotic indicated for acute and chronic schizophrenia. It has been used in Germany since 1990 and Japan since 1982.- Pharmacology :...

N05AX12 Aripiprazole

Aripiprazole

Aripiprazole is an atypical antipsychotic and antidepressant used in the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and clinical depression...

N05AX13 Paliperidone

Paliperidone

Paliperidone , also known as 9-hydroxyrisperidone, is an atypical antipsychotic developed by Janssen Pharmaceutica. Invega is an extended release formulation of paliperidone that uses the OROS extended release system to allow for once-daily dosing...

QN05AX90 Amperozide

Amperozide

Amperozide is an atypical antipsychotic of the diphenylbutylpiperazine class which acts as an antagonist at the 5-HT2A receptor. It does not block dopamine receptors as with most antipsychotic drugs, but does inhibit dopamine release, and alters the firing pattern of dopaminergic neurons...

N05BA Benzodiazepine

Benzodiazepine

A benzodiazepine is a psychoactive drug whose core chemical structure is the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring...

 derivatives

N05BA01 Diazepam

Diazepam

Diazepam , first marketed as Valium by Hoffmann-La Roche is a benzodiazepine drug. Diazepam is also marketed in Australia as Antenex. It is commonly used for treating anxiety, insomnia, seizures including status epilepticus, muscle spasms , restless legs syndrome, alcohol withdrawal,...

N05BA02 Chlordiazepoxide

Chlordiazepoxide

Chlordiazepoxide, is a sedative/hypnotic drug and benzodiazepine. It is marketed under the trade names Angirex, Klopoxid, Librax , Libritabs, Librium, Mesural, Multum, Novapam, Risolid, Silibrin, Sonimen and Tropium.Chlordiazepoxide was the first benzodiazepine to be synthesised and...

N05BA03 Medazepam

Medazepam

Medazepam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties....

N05BA04 Oxazepam

Oxazepam

Oxazepam , is a drug which is a short to intermediate acting 3-hydroxy benzodiazepine derivative...

N05BA05 Potassium clorazepate

Clorazepate

Clorazepate , also known as clorazepate dipotassium, is a drug that is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative, hypnotic and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. Clorazepate is a prodrug for desmethyldiazepam, which is rapidly produced as an active metabolite...

N05BA06 Lorazepam

Lorazepam

Lorazepam is a high-potency short-to-intermediate-acting 3-hydroxy benzodiazepine drug that has all five intrinsic benzodiazepine effects: anxiolytic, amnesic, sedative/hypnotic, anticonvulsant, antiemetic and muscle relaxant...

N05BA07 Adinazolam

N05BA08 Bromazepam

Bromazepam

Bromazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative drug, patented by Roche in the 1963 and developed clinically in the 1970s...

N05BA09 Clobazam

Clobazam

Clobazam , is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It has been marketed as an anxiolytic since 1975 and an anticonvulsant since 1984...

N05BA10 Ketazolam

Ketazolam

Ketazolam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative...

N05BA11 Prazepam

Prazepam

Prazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative drug developed by Warner-Lambert in the 1960s. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. Prazepam is a prodrug for desmethyldiazepam which is an active metabolite of prazepam...

N05BA12 Alprazolam

Alprazolam

Alprazolam is a short-acting anxiolytic of the benzodiazepine class of psychoactive drugs. Alprazolam, like other benzodiazepines, binds to specific sites on the GABAA gamma-amino-butyric acid receptor...

N05BA13 Halazepam

Halazepam

Halazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative and is marketed under the brand names Alapryl and Pacinone It is no longer marketed in the United States. It had been marketed under the name Paxipam, but was withdrawn by its manufacturer, Schering Plough, for poor sales. It possesses anxiolytic,...

N05BA14 Pinazepam

Pinazepam

Pinazepam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties....

N05BA15 Camazepam

Camazepam

Camazepam is a benzodiazepine psychoactive drug which is the dimethyl carbamate ester of temazepam, a metabolite of diazepam...

N05BA16 Nordazepam

Nordazepam

Nordazepam , also known as desoxydemoxepam, nordiazepam and desmethyldiazepam, is a 1,4-benzodiazepine derivative. Like other benzodiazepine derivatives, it has anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative properties...

N05BA17 Fludiazepam

Fludiazepam

Fludiazepam was developed by Hoffman-LaRoche in the 1960s and is marketed in Japan and Taiwan in 0.25mg tablets under the brand name Erispan is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative and is closely related to diazepam. It exerts its pharmacological properties via enhancement of GABAergic...

N05BA18 Ethyl loflazepate

Ethyl loflazepate

Ethyl loflazepate is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties...

N05BA19 Etizolam

Etizolam

Etizolam is a thienodiazepine drug which is a benzodiazepine analog. The etizolam molecule differs from most other benzodiazepines in that the benzene ring has been replaced by a thiophene ring...

N05BA21 Clotiazepam

Clotiazepam

Clotiazepam is a thienodiazepine drug which is a benzodiazepine analog. The clotiazepam molecule differs from most other benzodiazepines in that the benzene ring has been replaced by a thiophene ring...

N05BA22 Cloxazolam

Cloxazolam

Cloxazolam Cloxazolam Cloxazolam (marketed under brand name Sepazon, Olcadil (Brazil, Portugal and Spain), Akton (Belgium), Lubalix (Switzerland) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. Cloxazolam is metabolised into the active metabolite chlordesmethyldiazepam (delorazepam)...

N05BA23 Tofisopam

Tofisopam

Tofisopam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. Like other benzodiazepines, it possesses anxiolytic properties but unlike other benzodiazepines it does not have anticonvulsant, sedative, skeletal muscle relaxant, motor skill-impairing or amnestic properties...

N05BA56 Lorazepam, combinations

N05BB Diphenylmethane

Diphenylmethane

Diphenylmethane is an organic compound with the formula 2CH2. The compound consists of methane wherein two hydrogen atoms are replaced by two phenyl groups...

 derivatives

N05BB01 Hydroxyzine

Hydroxyzine

Hydroxyzine is a first-generation antihistamine of the diphenylmethane and piperazine classes. It was first synthesized by Union Chimique Belge in 1956 and was marketed by Pfizer in the United States later the same year, and is still in widespread use today....

N05BB02 Captodiame

Captodiame

Captodiame , also known as captodiamine, is an antihistamine sold under the trade names Covatine, Covatix, and Suvren which is used as a sedative and anxiolytic. It is a derivative of diphenhydramine....

N05BB51 Hydroxyzine, combinations

N05BC Carbamate

Carbamate

Carbamates are organic compounds derived from carbamic acid . A carbamate group, carbamate ester, and carbamic acids are functional groups that are inter-related structurally and often are interconverted chemically. Carbamate esters are also called urethanes.-Synthesis:Carbamic acids are derived...

s

N05BC01 Meprobamate

Meprobamate

Meprobamate is a carbamate derivative which is used as an anxiolytic drug...

N05BC03 Emylcamate

Emylcamate

Emylcamate is an anxiolytic and muscle relaxant. It was patented in the US in 1961 and advertised for the treatment of anxiety and tension. It was claimed to be superior to meprobamate, which was the market leader at the time. It is no longer prescribed.-References:* * .* ....

N05BC04 Mebutamate

Mebutamate

Mebutamate is a sedative and anxiolytic drug with anti-hypertensive effects. It has effects comparable to those of barbiturates such as secobarbital, but is only around 1/3 the potency of secobarbital as a sedative. Side effects include dizziness and headaches....

N05BC51 Meprobamate, combinations

N05BX Other anxiolytics

N05BX01 Mephenoxalone

Mephenoxalone

Mephenoxalone is a muscle relaxant and mild anxiolytic. It inhibits neuron transmission, that will produce skeletal muscle relaxation by inhibits the reflex arc of skeletal muscle. As the effect of muscle relaxation, mephenoxalone affects mental condition and also a treatment for nervousness and...

N05BX02 Gedocarnil

Gedocarnil

Gedocarnil is an anxiolytic....

N05BX03 Etifoxine

Etifoxine

Etifoxine is an anxiolytic and anticonvulsant drug developed by Hoechst in the 1960s. It is used in anxiety disorders and to promote peripheral nerve healing. It has similar effects to benzodiazepine drugs, but is structurally distinct and does not bind to the benzodiazepine receptor...

N05CA Barbiturates, plain

N05CA01 Pentobarbital

Pentobarbital

Pentobarbital is a short-acting barbiturate that was first synthesized in 1928. Pentobarbital is available as both a free acid and a sodium salt, the former of which is only slightly soluble in water and ethanol....

N05CA02 Amobarbital

Amobarbital

Amobarbital is a drug that is a barbiturate derivative. It has sedative-hypnotic and analgesic properties. It is a white crystalline powder with no odor and a slightly bitter taste. It was first synthesized in Germany in 1923...

N05CA03 Butobarbital

Butobarbital

Butobarbital is a drug which is a barbiturate derivative. It is prescribed for severe insomnia.A trade name for this drug is Soneryl....

N05CA04 Barbital

Barbital

Barbital , also called barbitone, was the first commercially marketed barbiturate. It was used as a sleeping aid from 1903 until the mid-1950s. The chemical names for barbital are diethylmalonyl urea or diethylbarbituric acid...

N05CA05 Aprobarbital

Aprobarbital

Aprobarbital is a barbiturate derivative invented in the 1920s by Ernst Preiswerk. It has sedative, hypnotic and anticonvulsant properties, and was used primarily for the treatment of insomnia...

N05CA06 Secobarbital

Secobarbital

Secobarbital sodium is a barbiturate derivative drug that was first synthesized in 1928 in Germany. It possesses anaesthetic, anticonvulsant, sedative and hypnotic properties...

N05CA07 Talbutal

Talbutal

Talbutal , also called 5-allyl-5-sec-butylbarbituric acid, is a barbiturate with a short to intermediate duration of action. It is a structural isomer of butalbital.Description:...

N05CA08 Vinylbital

Vinylbital

Vinylbital, also known as butylvinyl, is a drug which is a barbiturate derivative. It possesses sedative properties....

N05CA09 Vinbarbital

Vinbarbital

Vinbarbital is a drug which is a barbiturate derivative....

N05CA10 Cyclobarbital

Cyclobarbital

Cyclobarbital, also known as cyclobarbitol or cyclobarbitone, is a drug which is a barbiturate derivative....

N05CA11 Heptabarbital

Heptabarbital

Heptabarb , also known as heptabarbitone or heptabarbital, is a sedative and hypnotic drug of the barbiturate family. It was previously used in Europe for the treatment of insomnia from the 1950s onwards, but has since been discontinued....

N05CA12 Reposal

Reposal

Reposal is a barbiturate derivative invented in the 1960s in Denmark. It has sedative, hypnotic and anticonvulsant properties, and was used primarily for the treatment of insomnia....

N05CA15 Methohexital

Methohexital

Methohexital, also called methohexitone, is a drug which is a barbiturate derivative. It is classified as short-acting, and has a rapid onset of action...

N05CA16 Hexobarbital

Hexobarbital

Hexobarbital is a barbiturate derivative having hypnotic and sedative effects. It was used in the 1940s-1950s as an agent for inducing anesthesia for surgery and has a relatively fast onset of effects and short duration of action...

N05CA19 Thiopental

N05CA20 Ethallobarbital

Ethallobarbital

Ethallobarbital is a drug which is a barbiturate derivative....

N05CA21 Allobarbital

Allobarbital

Allobarbital is a barbiturate derivative invented in 1912 by Ernst Preiswerk and Ernst Grether working for CIBA. It was used primarily as an anticonvulsant although it has now largely been replaced by newer drugs with improved safety profiles...

N05CA22 Proxibarbal

N05CB Barbiturates, combinations

N05CB01 Combinations of barbiturates

N05CB02 Barbiturates in combination with other drugs

N05CC Aldehydes and derivatives

N05CC01 Chloral hydrate

Chloral hydrate

Chloral hydrate is a sedative and hypnotic drug as well as a chemical reagent and precursor. The name chloral hydrate indicates that it is formed from chloral by the addition of one molecule of water. Its chemical formula is C2H3Cl3O2....

N05CC02 Chloralodol

Chloralodol

Chloralodol is a hypnotic/sedative. It is a Schedule III drug in the USA....

N05CC03 Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate

Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate

Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate is a hypnotic/sedative. It is a combination of acetylglycinamide and chloral hydrate....

N05CC04 Dichloralphenazone

Dichloralphenazone

Dichloralphenazone is a 1:2 mixture of antipyrine with chloral hydrate. In combination with paracetamol and isometheptene, it is the active ingredient of medications for migraine and vascular headaches, including Epidrin and Midrin. Performance impairments are common with this drug and caution is...

N05CC05 Paraldehyde

Paraldehyde

Paraldehyde is the cyclic trimer of acetaldehyde molecules. Formally, it is a derivative of 1,3,5-trioxane. The corresponding tetramer is metaldehyde. A colourless liquid, it is sparingly soluble in water and highly soluble in alcohol. Paraldehyde slowly oxidizes in air, turning brown and producing...

N05CD Benzodiazepine derivatives

N05CD01 Flurazepam

Flurazepam

Flurazepam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It produces a metabolite with a very long half-life , which may stay in the bloodstream for up to four days...

N05CD02 Nitrazepam

Nitrazepam

Nitrazepam is a type of benzodiazepine drug and is marketed in English-speaking countries under the following brand names: Alodorm, Arem, Insoma, Mogadon, Nitrados, Nitrazadon, Ormodon, Paxadorm, Remnos, and Somnite...

N05CD03 Flunitrazepam

Flunitrazepam

Flunitrazepam is marketed as a potent hypnotic, sedative, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, amnestic, and skeletal muscle relaxant drug most commonly known as Rohypnol...

N05CD04 Estazolam

Estazolam

Estazolam is a benzodiazepine derivative drug developed by Upjohn in the 1970s. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties...

N05CD05 Triazolam

Triazolam

Triazolam is a benzodiazepine drug. It possesses pharmacological properties similar to that of other benzodiazepines, but it is generally only used as a sedative to treat severe insomnia...

N05CD06 Lormetazepam

Lormetazepam

Lormetazepam Lormetazepam Lormetazepam (INN, or methyl-lorazepam, is a drug which is a short to intermediate acting 3-hydroxy benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties....

N05CD07 Temazepam

Temazepam

Temazepam is an intermediate-acting 3-hydroxy benzodiazepine. It is mostly prescribed for the short-term treatment of sleeplessness in patients who have difficulty maintaining sleep...

N05CD08 Midazolam

Midazolam

Midazolam is a short-acting drug in the benzodiazepine class developed by Hoffmann-La Roche in the 1970s. The drug is used for treatment of acute seizures, moderate to severe insomnia, and for inducing sedation and amnesia before medical procedures. It possesses profoundly potent anxiolytic,...

N05CD09 Brotizolam

Brotizolam

Brotizolam is a sedative-hypnotic thienodiazepine drug which is a benzodiazepine analog. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties, and is considered to be similar in effect to short-acting benzodiazepines such as triazolam...

N05CD10 Quazepam

Quazepam

Quazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative drug developed by the Schering Corporation in the 1970s. Quazepam is indicated for the treatment of insomnia including sleep induction and sleep maintenance...

N05CD11 Loprazolam

Loprazolam

Loprazolam marketed under the brand names Dormonoct, Havlane, Sonin, Somnovit, is a drug which is an imidazole benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It is available in 1 mg tablets...

N05CD12 Doxefazepam

Doxefazepam

Doxefazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative drug developed by Schiapparelli in the 1970s. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It is used therapeutically as a hypnotic...

N05CD13 Cinolazepam

Cinolazepam

Cinolazepam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties....

QN05CD90 Climazolam

Climazolam

Climazolam is a drug which is an imidazobenzodiazepine derivative developed by Hoffman-LaRoche. It is similar in structure to triazolam, and is used in veterinary medicine for anaesthetising animals....

N05CE Piperidinedione derivatives

N05CE01 Glutethimide

Glutethimide

Glutethimide is a hypnotic sedative that was introduced in 1954 as a safe alternative to barbiturates to treat insomnia. Before long, however, it had become clear that glutethimide was just as likely to cause addiction and caused similarly severe withdrawal symptoms...

N05CE02 Methyprylon

Methyprylon

Methyprylon is a sedative of the piperidinedione derivative family developed by Hoffmann-La Roche.This medicine was used for treating insomnia, but is now rarely used as it has been replaced by newer drugs with fewer side effects, such as benzodiazepines.Methyprylon was withdrawn from the US...

N05CE03 Pyrithyldione

Pyrithyldione

Pyrithyldione is a psychoactive drug invented in 1949.An improved method of manufacture was patented by Roche in 1959.It was used as a hypnotic or sedative and presumed to be less toxic than barbiturates....

N05CF Benzodiazepine related drugs

N05CF01 Zopiclone

Zopiclone

Zopiclone is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic agent used in the treatment of insomnia. In the United States, zopiclone is not commercially available, although its active stereoisomer, eszopiclone, is sold under the name Lunesta...

N05CF02 Zolpidem

Zolpidem

Zolpidem is a prescription medication used for the short-term treatment of insomnia, as well as some brain disorders. It is a short-acting nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic of the imidazopyridine class that potentiates gamma-aminobutyric acid , an inhibitory neurotransmitter, by binding to GABAA...

N05CF03 Zaleplon

Zaleplon

Zaleplon is a sedative/hypnotic, mainly used for insomnia. It is a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic from the pyrazolopyrimidine class. In terms of adverse effects zaleplon appears to offer little improvement compared to both benzodiazepines and other non-benzodiazepine Z-drugs.Sonata is manufactured by...

N05CF04 Eszopiclone

Eszopiclone

Eszopiclone, marketed by Sepracor under the brand-name Lunesta, is a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic used as a treatment for insomnia. Eszopiclone is the active dextrorotatory stereoisomer of zopiclone, and belongs to the class of drugs known as cyclopyrrolones.Eszopiclone is a short acting...

N05CH Melatonin receptor agonists

N05CH01 Melatonin

Melatonin

Melatonin , also known chemically as N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, is a naturally occurring compound found in animals, plants, and microbes...

N05CH02 Ramelteon

Ramelteon

Ramelteon, marketed as Rozerem by Takeda Pharmaceuticals North America, is the first in a new class of sleep agents that selectively binds to the MT1 and MT2 receptors in the suprachiasmatic nucleus , instead of binding to GABA A receptors, such as with drugs like zolpidem, eszopiclone, and...

N05CM Other hypnotics and sedatives

N05CM01 Methaqualone

Methaqualone

Methaqualone is a sedative-hypnotic drug that is similar in effect to barbiturates, a general central nervous system depressant. The sedative-hypnotic activity was first noted by Indian researchers in the 1950s and in 1962 methaqualone itself was patented in the US by Wallace and Tiernan...

N05CM02 Clomethiazole

Clomethiazole

Clomethiazole is a sedative and hypnotic originally developed by Hoffmann-Le Roche in the 1930s. The drug is used in treating and preventing symptoms of acute alcohol withdrawal....

N05CM03 Bromisoval

Bromisoval

Bromisoval is a hypnotic and sedative discovered by Knoll in 1907 and patented in 1909.It is marketed over the counter in Asia under various trade names , usually in combination with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.Chronic use of bromisoval has been associated with bromine poisoning....

N05CM04 Carbromal

Carbromal

Carbromal is a hypnotic/sedative originally synthesized in 1909 by Bayer....

N05CM05 Scopolamine

Scopolamine

Scopolamine, also known as levo-duboisine, and hyoscine, is a tropane alkaloid drug with muscarinic antagonist effects. It is among the secondary metabolites of plants from Solanaceae family of plants, such as henbane, jimson weed and Angel's Trumpets , and corkwood...

N05CM06 Propiomazine

Propiomazine

Propiomazine is an antihistamine blocking H1 receptors. It is used to treat insomnia, and to produce sleepiness or drowsiness and to relieve anxiety before or during surgery or other procedures and in combination with analgetics also during labor...

N05CM07 Triclofos

Triclofos

Triclofos is a sedative drug used rarely for treating insomnia, usually as a second-line treatment after other drugs have failed. Triclofos may cause dependence and should not be withdrawn suddenly. This drug should only be used for the short term relief of severe insomnia and should not be mixed...

N05CM08 Ethchlorvynol

Ethchlorvynol

Ethchlorvynol is a sedative and hypnotic medication developed by Pfizer in the 1950s. It has been used to treat insomnia, but has been largely superseded and is only offered where an intolerance or allergy to other drugs exists....

N05CM09 Valerian

Valerian (plant)

Valerian is a hardy perennial flowering plant, with heads of sweetly scented pink or white flowers which bloom in the summer months. Valerian flower extracts were used as a perfume in the sixteenth century....

N05CM10 Hexapropymate

Hexapropymate

Hexapropymate is a hypnotic/sedative. It has effects similar to those of barbiturates and was used in the 1970s-80s in the treatment of insomnia before being replaced with newer drugs with improved safety profiles....

N05CM11 Bromide

Bromide

A bromide is a chemical compound containing bromide ion, that is bromine atom with effective charge of −1. The class name can include ionic compounds such as caesium bromide or covalent compounds such as sulfur dibromide.-Natural occurrence:...

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N05CM12 Apronal

Apronal

Apronal is a hypnotic/sedative drug synthesized in 1926 by Hoffmann-La Roche....

N05CM13 Valnoctamide

Valnoctamide

Valnoctamide has been used in France as a sedative-hypnotic since 1964. It is a structural isomer of valpromide, a valproic acid prodrug; unlike valpromide, however, valnoctamide is not transformed into its homologous acid, valnoctic acid, in vivo.-Indications:In addition to being a sedative,...

N05CM15 Methylpentynol

Methylpentynol

Methylpentynol is a hypnotic/sedative with anticonvulsant effects. It was discovered by Bayer in 1928 and was previously used for the treatment of insomnia but has been replaced by newer drugs with better safety profiles....

N05CM16 Niaprazine

Niaprazine

Niaprazine is a sedative-hypnotic drug of the phenylpiperazine class. It has been used in the treatment of sleep disturbances since the early 1970s in several European countries, including France, Italy, and Luxembourg...

N05CM18 Dexmedetomidine

Dexmedetomidine

Dexmedetomidine is a sedative medication used by intensive care units and anesthetists. It is relatively unique in its ability to provide sedation without causing respiratory depression...

QN05CM90 Detomidine

Detomidine

Detomidine is an imidazole derivative and α2-adrenergic agonist, used as a large animal sedative, primarily used in horses. It is usually available as the salt detomidine hydrochloride...

QN05CM91 Medetomidine

Medetomidine

Medetomidine is a synthetic drug used as both a surgical anesthetic and analgesic often used as the hydrochloride salt medetomidine hydrochloride. It is a crystalline white alpha-two adrenergic agonist that can be administered as an intravenous drug solution with sterile water...

QN05CM92 Xylazine

Xylazine

Xylazine is a drug that is used for sedation, anesthesia, muscle relaxation, and analgesia in animals such as horses, cattle and other non-human mammals. An analogue of clonidine, it is an agonist at the α2 class of adrenergic receptor....

QN05CM93 Romifidine

Romifidine

Romifidine is a drug that is used in veterinary medicine as a sedative mainly in large animals such as horses, although it may be used in a wide variety of species. It is not used in humans, but is closely related in structure to the commonly used drug clonidine.Romifidine acts as an agonist at the...

QN05CM94 Metomidate

Metomidate

Metomidate was discovered by Janssen Pharmacutica in 1965 and under the names is sold as a sedative-hypnotic drug used in Europe to treat humans and for veterinary purposes....

N05CX Hypnotics and sedatives in combination, excluding barbiturates

N05CX01 Meprobamate

Meprobamate

Meprobamate is a carbamate derivative which is used as an anxiolytic drug...

, combinations

N05CX02 Methaqualone

Methaqualone

Methaqualone is a sedative-hypnotic drug that is similar in effect to barbiturates, a general central nervous system depressant. The sedative-hypnotic activity was first noted by Indian researchers in the 1950s and in 1962 methaqualone itself was patented in the US by Wallace and Tiernan...

, combinations

N05CX03 Methylpentynol

Methylpentynol

Methylpentynol is a hypnotic/sedative with anticonvulsant effects. It was discovered by Bayer in 1928 and was previously used for the treatment of insomnia but has been replaced by newer drugs with better safety profiles....

, combinations

N05CX04 Clomethiazole

Clomethiazole

Clomethiazole is a sedative and hypnotic originally developed by Hoffmann-Le Roche in the 1930s. The drug is used in treating and preventing symptoms of acute alcohol withdrawal....

, combinations

N05CX05 Emepronium

Emepronium

Emepronium is an anticholinergic drug used in urology as an antispasmodic.It causes ulceration of esophagus, so it should be taken in orthostatic position with sufficient amounts of liquids....

, combinations

N05CX06 Dipiperonylaminoethanol, combinations