Africa

•  Algeria
  • President - Abdelaziz Bouteflika
    Abdelaziz Bouteflika
    Abdelaziz Bouteflika is the ninth President of Algeria. He has been in office since 1999. He continued emergency rule until 24 February 2011, and presided over the end of the bloody Algerian Civil War in 2002...
    
    , President of Algeria
    President of Algeria
    The President of Algeria is the head of state and chief executive of Algeria, as well as the Commander-in-Chief of the Algerian armed forces.-History of the office:...
    
     (1999–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Ahmed Benbitour
       Ahmed Benbitour
       Ahmed Benbitour is an Algerian politician who was Prime Minister of Algeria from 1999 to 2000.Born at Metlilli, Ghardaïa, Benbitour graduated from Université de Montréal in 1984 with a Ph.D. in Economics. He now lives in London, England....
       
       , Prime Minister of Algeria
       Prime Minister of Algeria
       The Prime Minister is the head of government of Algeria.The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Algeria, along with other ministers and members of the government that the new Prime Minister recommends. The People's National Assembly must approve the legislative program of the new...
       
        (1999–2000)
    2. Ali Benflis
       Ali Benflis
       Ali Benflis is a politician in Algeria and former Prime Minister from 2000 to 2003. As of 2003, he is the general secretary of the National Liberation Front party. He was defeated in the Algerian presidential election of April 8, 2004 by President Abdelaziz Bouteflika, taking only 6.4% of the...
       
       , Prime Minister of Algeria
       Prime Minister of Algeria
       The Prime Minister is the head of government of Algeria.The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Algeria, along with other ministers and members of the government that the new Prime Minister recommends. The People's National Assembly must approve the legislative program of the new...
       
        (2000–2003)
•  Angola -
  • President - José Eduardo dos Santos
    José Eduardo dos Santos
    José Eduardo dos Santos is an Angolan politician who has been the second and current President of Angola since 1979. As President, José Eduardo dos Santos is also the commander in chief of the Angolan Armed Forces and president of the MPLA , the party that has been ruling Angola since...
    
    , President of Angola
    President of Angola
    The President of the Republic of Angola is both head of state and head of government in Angola. While the President appoints a Prime Minister, executive authority usually belongs to the President....
    
     (1979–present)
•  Benin
  • President - Mathieu Kérékou
    Mathieu Kérékou
    Mathieu Kérékou, was President of Benin from 1972 to 1991 and again from 1996 to 2006. After seizing power in a military coup, he ruled the country for 17 years, for most of that time under an officially Marxist-Leninist ideology, before he was stripped of his powers by the National Conference of...
    
    , President of Benin (1996–2006)
•  Botswana
  • President - Festus Mogae
    Festus Mogae
    Festus Gontebanye Mogae is a Botswana politician who was President of Botswana from 1998 to 2008. He succeeded Quett Masire as President in 1998 and was reelected in October 2004; after ten years in office, he stepped down in 2008 and was succeeded by Lieutenant General Ian Khama...
    
    , President of Botswana (1998–2008)
•  Burkina Faso
  • President - Blaise Compaoré
    Blaise Compaoré
    Blaise Compaoré has been the President of Burkina Faso since 1987 following a coup d'état that ousted then-President Thomas Sankara. In 2011, a mutiny by soldiers over unpaid housing allowances forced him to flee the capital for his hometown...
    
    , President of Burkina Faso (1987–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Kadré Désiré Ouedraogo
       Kadré Désiré Ouedraogo
       Kadré Désiré Ouedraogo served as Prime Minister of Burkina Faso from 6 February 1996 to 7 November 2000. Since 2001, Ouedraogo has been ambassador to the United Kingdom....
       
       , Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (1996–2000)
    2. Paramanga Ernest Yonli
       Paramanga Ernest Yonli
       Paramanga Ernest Yonli, also known as Ernest Paramanga Yonli , is a Burkinabé politician and diplomat who was the Prime Minister of Burkina Faso from November 7, 2000 to June 11, 2007. Since January 2008, Yonli has been the Ambassador of Burkina Faso to the United States...
       
       , Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (2000–2007)
•  Burundi
  • President - Pierre Buyoya
    Pierre Buyoya
    Major Pierre Buyoya is a Burundian politician who has ruled Burundi twice, from 1987 to 1993 and from 1996 to 2003...
    
    , President of Burundi (1996–2003)
•  Cameroon
  • President - Paul Biya
    Paul Biya
    Paul Biya is a Cameroonian politician who has been the President of Cameroon since 6 November 1982. A native of Cameroon's south, Biya rose rapidly as a bureaucrat under President Ahmadou Ahidjo in the 1960s, serving as Secretary-General of the Presidency from 1968 to 1975 and then as Prime...
    
    , President of Cameroon (1982–present)
  • Prime Minister - Peter Mafany Musonge
    Peter Mafany Musonge
    Peter Mafany Musonge was the Prime Minister of Cameroon from September 1996 until December 8, 2004.-Biography:Musonge was born at Muea in the Fako Department of Cameroon's South-West Province...
    
    , Prime Minister of Cameroon
    Prime Minister of Cameroon
    Under the current constitution of Cameroon, the Prime Minister of Cameroon is a relatively powerless executive. While the Prime Minister is officially appointed to be the head of government, the President retains most of the executive power and can fire the Prime Minister at will.-History:The...
    
     (1996–2004)
•  Cape Verde
  • President - Aristides Pereira
    Aristides Pereira
    Aristides Maria Pereira was the first President of Cape Verde, serving from 1975 to 1991.-Biography:Pereira was born on the island of Boa Vista. His first major government job was chief of telecommunications in Guinea-Bissau...
    
    , President of Cape Verde (1975–1991)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Carlos Veiga
       Carlos Veiga
       Carlos Alberto Wahnon de Carvalho Veiga is a Cape Verdean politician. He was Prime Minister of Cape Verde from April 4, 1991 to July 29, 2000, and he unsuccessfully ran for President as the candidate of the Movement for Democracy in 2001 and 2006....
       
       , Prime Minister of Cape Verde (1991–2000)
    2. Gualberto do Rosário
       Gualberto do Rosário
       Gualberto do Rosário was Prime Minister of Cape Verde from 29 July 2000 to 1 February 2001. Leader of the Movement for Democracy , do Rosário was acting PM from July to October 2000 and became PM thereafter....
       
       , Prime Minister of Cape Verde (2000–2001)
•  Central African Republic
  • President - Ange-Félix Patassé
    Ange-Félix Patassé
    Ange-Félix Patassé was a Central African politician who was President of the Central African Republic from 1993 until 2003, when he was deposed by the rebel leader François Bozizé...
    
    , President of the Central African Republic
    Heads of state of the Central African Republic (and Central African Empire)
    This is a complete list of the heads of state of the Central African Republic and Central African Empire. There have been five heads of state in the history of the Central African Republic and Central African Empire since independence was obtained from the French on 13 August 1960...
    
     (1993–2003)
  • Prime Minister - Anicet-Georges Dologuélé, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic
    Heads of government of the Central African Republic (and Central African Empire)
    This is a complete list of the heads of government of the Central African Republic and Central African Empire. There have been 21 heads of government of Central African Republic and the Central African Empire. The office of Prime Minister, the head of government, was created when the Central...
    
     (1999–2001)
•  Chad
  • President - Idriss Déby
    Idriss Déby
    General Idriss Déby Itno is the President of Chad and the head of the Patriotic Salvation Movement. Déby is of the Bidyat clan of the Zaghawa ethnic group. He added "Itno" to his surname in January 2006.-Rise to power:...
    
    , President of Chad
    Heads of state of Chad
    -List of Heads of State of Chad:-Affiliations:-External links:**...
    
     (1990–present)
  • Prime Minister - Nagoum Yamassoum
    Nagoum Yamassoum
    Nagoum Yamassoum is a Chadian politician. He was Prime Minister of Chad from 1999 to 2002 and Minister of State for Foreign Affairs from 2003 to 2005....
    
    , Prime Minister of Chad (1999–2002)
•  Comoros
  • President - Azali Assoumani
    Azali Assoumani
    Azali Assoumani was a president of the Comoros. He became leader of the country on 30 April 1999 after leading a coup to depose acting president Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde, who he saw as pandering to the independence movement on Anjouan...
    
    , President of the Comoros (1999–2002)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Bianrifi Tarmidi
       Bianrifi Tarmidi
       Bianrifi Tarmidi is the former Prime Minister of the Comoros from 2 December 1999 until 29 November 2000. He was appointed to his position under Colonel and President Azali Assoumani after he seized power in an April 1999 coup...
       
       , Prime Minister of the Comoros
       Heads of government of the Comoros
       -List of Heads of Government of the Comoros:-Affiliations:-See also:*Comoros**Heads of state of the Comoros**Colonial heads of the Comoros*Lists of office-holders...
       
        (1999–2000)
    2. Hamada Madi
       Hamada Madi
       Hamada Madi, widely known as "Boléro", is a Comorian politician, former Prime Minister and interim President.Born on the island of Mohéli in 1965, he gained a degree in constitutional law in Ukraine and worked as a political adviser in Comoros, becoming secretary general of the Comoros Republican...
       
       , Prime Minister of the Comoros
       Heads of government of the Comoros
       -List of Heads of Government of the Comoros:-Affiliations:-See also:*Comoros**Heads of state of the Comoros**Colonial heads of the Comoros*Lists of office-holders...
       
        (2000–2002)
  •  Anjouan (unrecognized secessionist state)
    • President - Said Abeid, President of Anjouan (1999–2001)
• '
  • President - Denis Sassou Nguesso
    Denis Sassou Nguesso
    Denis Sassou Nguesso is a Congolese politician who has been the President of Congo-Brazzaville since 1997; he was previously President from 1979 to 1992. During his first period as President, he headed the single-party regime of the Congolese Labour Party for 12 years...
    
    , President of the Republic of the Congo
    Heads of state of the Republic of the Congo
    -List of Heads of State of the Republic of the Congo :-Affiliations:-See also:*Congo*Republic of the Congo**List of heads of government of the Republic of the Congo...
    
     (1997–present)
• '
  • President - Laurent-Désiré Kabila
    Laurent-Désiré Kabila
    Laurent-Désiré Kabila was President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from May 17, 1997, when he overthrew Mobutu Sese Seko, until his assassination by his bodyguards on January 18, 2001...
    
    , President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
    Heads of state of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
    This is the list of the Heads of State of the Democratic Republic of the Congo since independence in 1960. The current head of state is President Joseph Kabila, since 26 January 2001.-Heads of State:-Affiliations:...
    
     (1997–2001)
•  Côte d'Ivoire
  • President -
    1. Robert Guéï
       Robert Guéï
       Robert Guéï was the military ruler of the Côte d'Ivoire from December 24, 1999 to October 26, 2000.Guéï was born in Kabakouma, a village in the western Man region, and was a member of the Yakouba tribe. He was a career soldier: under the French administration, he was trained at the Ouagadougou...
       
       , President of Côte d'Ivoire (1999–2000)
    2. Laurent Gbagbo
       Laurent Gbagbo
       Laurent Koudou Gbagbo served as the fourth President of Côte d'Ivoire from 2000 until his arrest in April 2011. A historian by profession, he is also an amateur chemist and physicist....
       
       , President of Côte d'Ivoire (2000–2011)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Seydou Diarra
       Seydou Diarra
       Seydou Elimane Diarra is an Ivorian political figure who was Prime Minister in 2000 and again from 2003 to 2005.Diarra was born in Katiola. Prior to joining the government, he was an Ambassador to the European Economic Community and Brazil and was President of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry...
       
       , Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire (2000)
    2. Affi N'Guessan
       Affi N'Guessan
       Pascal Affi N'Guessan is an Ivorian politician who is currently the President of the Ivorian Popular Front . He was the Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire from 27 October 2000 to 10 February 2003....
       
       , Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire (2000–2003)
•  Djibouti -
  • President - Ismaïl Omar Guelleh
    Ismail Omar Guelleh
    Ismaïl Omar Guelleh is the President of Djibouti. He succeeded his uncle, Hassan Gouled Aptidon, in 1999. He is often referred to in the region by his initials 'IOG'....
    
    , President of Djibouti (1999–present)
  • Prime Minister - Barkat Gourad Hamadou
    Barkat Gourad Hamadou
    Barkat Gourad Hamadou was the Prime Minister of Djibouti from 2 October 1978 until 7 March 2001.-Political career:Hamadou is a member of the Afar ethnic group and was born in Dikhil Region, in the southwest of Djibouti...
    
    , Prime Minister of Djibouti (1978–2001)
•  Egypt
  • President - Hosni Mubarak
    Hosni Mubarak
    Muhammad Hosni Sayyid Mubarak is a former Egyptian politician and military commander. He served as the fourth President of Egypt from 1981 to 2011....
    
    , President of Egypt
    President of Egypt
    The President of the Arab Republic of Egypt is the head of state of Egypt.Under the Constitution of Egypt, the president is also the supreme commander of the armed forces and head of the executive branch of the Egyptian government....
    
     (1981–2011)
  • Prime Minister - Atef Ebeid
    Atef Ebeid
    Atef Muhammad Ebeid was the Prime Minister of Egypt from October 1999 to July 2004. President Hosni Mubarak invited him to form the new government after the parliamentary elections in 1999. Ebeid was sworn in on 5 October 1999, replacing Kamal Ganzouri.-Early career and Education:Dr...
    
    , Prime Minister of Egypt
    Prime Minister of Egypt
    The Prime Minister of Egypt is the head of the Egyptian government. According to the constitution, the prime minister is the leader of the largest political party in the Egyptian Parliament....
    
     (1999–2004)
•  Equatorial Guinea
  • President - Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
    Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
    Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo is an Equatoguinean politician who has been President of Equatorial Guinea since 1979. He ousted his uncle, Francisco Macías Nguema, in an August 1979 military coup and has overseen Equatorial Guinea's emergence as an important oil producer, beginning in the 1990s...
    
    , President of Equatorial Guinea (1979–present)
  • Prime Minister - Ángel Serafín Seriche Dougan
    Ángel Serafín Seriche Dougan
    Ángel Serafín Seriche Dougan was Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea from April 1, 1996 to March 4, 2001.Beginning in 2000, Dougan's government was subjected to serious criticism from the parliamentary majority with regard to allegations of corruption. This led to what was described as an...
    
    , Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (1996–2001)
•  Eritrea
  • President - Isaias Afewerki
    Isaias Afewerki
    Isaias Afewerki is the first and current President of Eritrea, attaining that status when he led the Eritrean People's Liberation Front to victory in May 1991, thus ending the 30-year old armed liberation struggle that the Eritrean people refer to as "Gedli".-Early life and rise to power:Afewerki...
    
    , President of Eritrea
    Heads of state of Eritrea
    This page contains a list of the heads of state of Eritrea.-Presidents of Eritrea :-Affiliations:-External links:*...
    
     (1991–present)
•  Ethiopia
  • President - Negasso Gidada
    Negasso Gidada
    Dr. Negasso Gidada Solon was the President of Ethiopia from 1995 until 2001. He is the son of Gidada Solon, one of the first local ministers of the Protestant church in the Dembidolo area in western Ethiopia.Dr...
    
    , President of Ethiopia (1995–2001)
  • Prime Minister - Meles Zenawi
    Meles Zenawi
    Meles Zenawi Asres is the Prime Minister of Ethiopia. Since 1985, he has been chairman of the Tigrayan Peoples' Liberation Front , and is currently head of the ruling Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front .Meles was born in Adwa, Tigray in Northern Ethiopia, to an Ethiopian father from...
    
    , Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1995–present)
•  Gabon
  • President - Omar Bongo
    Omar Bongo
    El Hadj Omar Bongo Ondimba , born as Albert-Bernard Bongo, was a Gabonese politician who was President of Gabon for 42 years from 1967 until his death in office in 2009....
    
    , President of Gabon (1967–2009)
  • Prime Minister - Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane
    Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane
    Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane is a Gabonese politician who was Prime Minister of Gabon from 23 January 1999 to 20 January 2006. Since 2008 he has been Mayor of Libreville, the capital....
    
    , Prime Minister of Gabon (1999–2006)
•  The Gambia
  • President - Yahya Jammeh
    Yahya Jammeh
    Alhaji Dr. Yahya Abdul-Aziz Jemus Junkung Jammeh is the President of The Gambia...
    
    , President of The Gambia
    Heads of state of the Gambia
    -Heads of State of The Gambia :-Affiliations:*PPP - People's Progressive Party*APRC - Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction*Mil - Military of the Gambia...
    
     (1994–present)
•  Ghana
  • President - Jerry Rawlings
    Jerry Rawlings
    Jerry John Rawlings is a former leader of the Republic of Ghana and now the African Union envoy to Somalia. Rawlings ruled Ghana as a military dictator in 1979 and from 1981 to 1992 and then as the first elected president of the Fourth Republic from 1993 to 2001...
    
    , President of Ghana
    Heads of state of Ghana
    Prior to independence in 1957, Ghana was known as the British colony of Gold Coast. Before then it had been divided among a number of states, by far the largest of which was the Ashanti Empire, whose rulers were known as the Asantehene....
    
     (1981–2001)
•  Guinea
  • President - Lansana Conté
    Lansana Conté
    Lansana Conté was the second President of Guinea from 3 April 1984 until his death. He was a Muslim and a member of the Susu ethnic group.-Early life:...
    
    , President of Guinea (1984–2008)
  • Prime Minister - Lamine Sidimé
    Lamine Sidimé
    Lamine Sidimé is the President of the Supreme Court of Guinea. He was Prime Minister of Guinea from 1999 to 2004.Sidimé served as President of the Supreme Court before being appointed as Prime Minister by President Lansana Conte in March 1999, replacing Sidya Touré. After five years in office, he...
    
    , Prime Minister of Guinea (1999–2004)
•  Guinea-Bissau
  • President -
    1. Malam Bacai Sanhá
       Malam Bacai Sanhá
       Malam Bacai Sanhá is a Guinea-Bissau politician who has been President of Guinea-Bissau since 8 September 2009. A member of the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde , Sanhá was President of the National People's Assembly from 1994 to 1999 and then served as acting President...
       
       , Acting President of Guinea-Bissau
       Heads of state of Guinea-Bissau
       -Presidents of Guinea-Bissau :-Affiliations:-Latest election:-See also:*Guinea-Bissau**List of heads of government of Guinea-Bissau...
       
        (1999–2000)
    2. Kumba Ialá, President of Guinea-Bissau
       Heads of state of Guinea-Bissau
       -Presidents of Guinea-Bissau :-Affiliations:-Latest election:-See also:*Guinea-Bissau**List of heads of government of Guinea-Bissau...
       
        (2000–2003)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Francisco Fadul
       Francisco Fadul
       Francisco José Fadul is a Guinea-Bissau politician who was Prime Minister from 3 December 1998 to 19 February 2000. He led the United Social Democratic Party , one of the country's main political parties, from 2002 to 2006....
       
       , Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau
       Heads of government of Guinea-Bissau
       -Prime Ministers of Guinea-Bissau :-Affiliations:-See also:*Guinea-Bissau**List of heads of state of Guinea-Bissau**List of colonial heads of Portuguese Guinea...
       
        (1998–2000)
    2. Caetano N'Tchama
       Caetano N'Tchama
       Caetano N'Tchama is a Guinea-Bissau politician and former Prime Minister. He held that position from 19 February 2000 to 19 March 2001 and is a member of the Social Renewal Party ....
       
       , Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau
       Heads of government of Guinea-Bissau
       -Prime Ministers of Guinea-Bissau :-Affiliations:-See also:*Guinea-Bissau**List of heads of state of Guinea-Bissau**List of colonial heads of Portuguese Guinea...
       
        (2000–2001)
•  Kenya
  • President - Daniel arap Moi
    Daniel arap Moi
    Daniel Toroitich arap Moi was the President of Kenya from 1978 until 2002.Daniel arap Moi is popularly known to Kenyans as 'Nyayo', a Swahili word for 'footsteps'...
    
    , President of Kenya (1978–2002)
•  Lesotho
  • Monarch - Letsie III
    Letsie III of Lesotho
    Letsie III is the reigning king of Lesotho. He succeeded his father, Moshoeshoe II, when the latter was forced into exile in 1990. His father was briefly restored in 1995 but soon died in a car crash in early 1996, and Letsie became king again...
    
    , King of Lesotho (1996–present)
  • Prime Minister - Pakalitha Mosisili
    Pakalitha Mosisili
    Bethuel Pakalitha Mosisili has been the Prime Minister of Lesotho since May 29, 1998. He led his party, the Lesotho Congress for Democracy , to a near-total victory in the 1998 election, and under his leadership the party also won majorities in the 2002 and 2007 elections...
    
    , Prime Minister of Lesotho (1998–present)
•  Liberia
  • President - Charles Taylor, President of Liberia (1997–2003)
•   Libya
  • De facto Head of State - Muammar Gaddafi
    Muammar Gaddafi
    Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar Gaddafi or "September 1942" 20 October 2011), commonly known as Muammar Gaddafi or Colonel Gaddafi, was the official ruler of the Libyan Arab Republic from 1969 to 1977 and then the "Brother Leader" of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011.He seized power in a...
    
    , Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1969–2011)
  • Nominal Head of State - Muhammad az-Zanati, General Secretary of the General People's Congress of Libya (1992–2008)
  • Head of Government -
    1. Muhammad Ahmad al-Mangoush
       Muhammad Ahmad al-Mangoush
       Muhammad Ahmad al-Mangoush was General Secretary of the People's Committee in Libya from 29 December 1997 to 1 March 2000.-References:*...
       
       , General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (1997–2000)
    2. Imbarek Shamekh
       Imbarek Shamekh
       Imbarek Shamekh was the Secretary General of the General People's Congress of Libya from 2009 to 2010. He was Prime Minister from 2000 to 2003.-Life:Shamekh was born on 15 May 1952 in Benghazi, Libya...
       
       , General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (2000–2003)
•  Madagascar
  • President - Didier Ratsiraka
    Didier Ratsiraka
    Vice Admiral Didier Ratsiraka is a Malagasy politician who was President of Madagascar from 1975 to 1993 and from 1997 to 2002.-Second Republic:...
    
    , President of Madagascar (1997–2002)
  • Prime Minister - Tantely Andrianarivo
    Tantely Andrianarivo
    René Tantely Gabrio Andrianarivo was a politician in Madagascar. He was the Prime Minister of Madagascar from 23 July 1998 until 31 May 2002, under President Didier Ratsiraka....
    
    , Prime Minister of Madagascar (1998–2002)
•  Malawi
  • President - Bakili Muluzi
    Bakili Muluzi
    Elson Bakili Muluzi is a Malawian politician. He was the President of Malawi from 1994 to 2004 and was Chairman of the United Democratic Front until 2009.-Presidency:...
    
    , President of Malawi (1994–2004)
•  Mali
  • President - Alpha Oumar Konaré
    Alpha Oumar Konaré
    Alpha Oumar Konaré was the President of Mali for two five-year terms , and was Chairperson of the African Union Commission from 2003 to 2008.-Scholarly career:...
    
    , President of Mali (1992–2002)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta
       Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta
       Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta is a Malian politician. He was Prime Minister of Mali from 1994 to 2000 and President of the National Assembly of Mali from 2002 to 2007. He is currently the President of the Rally for Mali political party....
       
       , Prime Minister of Mali (1994–2000)
    2. Mandé Sidibé
       Mandé Sidibé
       Mandé Sidibé was Prime Minister of Mali from 2000 to 2002 and Chairman of the Board of Directors of Ecobank from 2006 to 2009...
       
       , Prime Minister of Mali (2000–2002)
•  Mauritania
  • President - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
    Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
    Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya , was Prime Minister of Mauritania from 1981 to 1984 and president from 1984 to 2005. He guided Mauritania from military rule to democracy, and took a pro-Western stance in foreign affairs...
    
    , President of Mauritania
    Heads of state of Mauritania
    -List of Heads of State of Mauritania:-Affiliations:-See also:*Mauritania**Heads of government of Mauritania**Colonial heads of Mauritania*Lists of office-holders-External links:*...
    
     (1984–2005)
  • Prime Minister - Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna
    Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna
    Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna is a Mauritanian political figure. He was Prime Minister of Mauritania from 2 January 1996 to 18 December 1997, Minister of Foreign Affairs from 12 July 1998 to 16 November 1998, and Prime Minister again from 16 November 1998 to 6 July 2003 under President...
    
    , Prime Minister of Mauritania (1998–2003)
•  Mauritius
  • President - Cassam Uteem
    Cassam Uteem
    Cassam Uteem is a Mauritian political figure who served as President of Mauritius from 30 June 1992 to 15 February 2002 and is the longest serving President of Mauritius, having served for nine years....
    
    , President of Mauritius (1992–2002)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Navin Ramgoolam
       Navin Ramgoolam
       Navinchandra Ramgoolam, GCSK, FRCP, MP is the Prime Minister of Mauritius, Minister of Defence, Home Affairs & External Communications, as well as Leader of the National Assembly. Being the leader of the Mauritian Labour Party, he serves as Member of parliament for constituency No...
       
       , Prime Minister of Mauritius (1995–2000)
    2. Sir Anerood Jugnauth
       Anerood Jugnauth
       Sir Anerood Jugnauth , KCMG, QC, GCSK, PC, LLB, GOLH, GOP, ORS is the President of Mauritius and all its dependencies...
       
       , Prime Minister of Mauritius (2000–2003) (Territorial collectivity of France)
  • Prefect - Pierre Bayle, Prefect of Mayotte (1998–2001)
  • President of the General Council - Younoussa Bamana
    Younoussa Bamana
    Younoussa Bamana was a politician from Mayotte who served in the French National Assembly from 1978-1981 .- references :*...
    
    , President of the General Council of Mayotte
    General Council of Mayotte
    Mayotte elects on territorial level a legislature. The General Council has 19 members, elected for a three year term in single seat constituencies.- Presidents of the General Council:* Younoussa Bamana : 6 July 1977 – March 1991...
    
     (1991–2004)
•  Morocco
  • Monarch - Mohammed VI
    Mohammed VI of Morocco
    Mohammed VI is the present King of Morocco and Amir al-Mu'minin . He ascended to the throne on 23 July 1999 upon the death of his father.-Education:...
    
    , King of Morocco (1999–present)
  • Prime Minister - Abderrahmane Youssoufi
    Abderrahmane Youssoufi
    Abderrahmane Youssoufi is a Moroccan politician who served as the Prime Minister of Morocco from 1998 to 2002.-Early life:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Morocco (1998–2002)
  • (self-declared, partially recognized state)
    • President - Mohamed Abdelaziz
      Mohamed Abdelaziz
      Mohamed Abdelaziz is the 3rd and current Secretary General of the Polisario Front and President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic since 1976...
      
      , President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
      President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
      The President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is the head of state of the self-proclaimed Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic , an exile government based in the refugee camps of Tindouf, Algeria. From the declaration of independence on February 27, 1976 to October 16, 1982 SADR's Head of State...
      
       (1976–present)
    • Prime Minister - Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun
      Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun
      Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun is the Polisario Front representative for Spain, with a base in Madrid. He had been Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic twice. He studied Economics at the University of Havana, Cuba...
      
      , Prime Minister of Western Sahara (1999–2003)
•  Mozambique -
  • President - Joaquim Chissano
    Joaquim Chissano
    Joaquim Alberto Chissano served as the second President of Mozambique for nineteen years from 6 November 1986 until 2 February 2005. Since stepping down as president, Chissano has become an elder statesman and is called upon by international bodies, such as the United Nations, to be an envoy or...
    
    , President of Mozambique
    Heads of state of Mozambique
    -Presidents of Mozambique :-Affiliations:FRELIMO = Frente de Libertação de Moçambique...
    
     (1986–2005)
  • Prime Minister - Pascoal Mocumbi
    Pascoal Mocumbi
    Pascoal Manuel Mocumbi was the Prime Minister of Mozambique from 1994 until 2004. His traditional name was Mahykete. He is the son of Manuel Mocumbi Malume, deceased, and Leta Alson Cuhle.-Education:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Mozambique
    Heads of government of Mozambique
    -Prime Ministers of Mozambique :-Affiliations:FRELIMO = Frente da Libertação de Moçambique RENAMO = Resistencia Nacional Moçambicana -See also:*Colonial Heads of Mozambique*Heads...
    
     (1994–2004)
•  Namibia -
  • President - Sam Nujoma
    Sam Nujoma
    Samuel Daniel Shafiishuna Nujoma is a Namibian politician who was the first President of Namibia from 1990 to 2005. He led the South-West Africa People's Organisation in its long struggle against South African rule and took office as President when Namibia obtained independence on 21 March 1990...
    
    , President of Namibia (1990–2005)
  • Prime Minister - Hage Geingob
    Hage Geingob
    Hage Geingob is a Namibian politician who was the first Prime Minister of Namibia following its independence, serving from 1990 to 2002...
    
    , Prime Minister of Namibia
    Prime Minister of Namibia
    -Prime Ministers of Namibia :-See also:*Namibia**Politics of Namibia**List of colonial heads of Namibia **List of Presidents of Namibia...
    
     (1990–2002)
•  Niger
  • President - Mamadou Tandja, President of Niger (1999–2010)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Ibrahim Hassane Mayaki
       Ibrahim Hassane Mayaki
       Ibrahim Hassane Mayaki was Prime Minister of Niger from November 27, 1997, to January 3, 2000.-Fourth Republic:Under President Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara, who seized power in a January 1996 coup, Mayaki was named Deputy Minister for Cooperation, under the Minister of Foreign Affairs, André Salifou,...
       
       , Prime Minister of Niger (1997–2000)
    2. Hama Amadou
       Hama Amadou
       Hama Amadou is a Nigerien politician who was Prime Minister of Niger from 1995 to 1996 and again from 2000 to 2007. He was also Secretary-General of the National Movement for the Development of Society from 1991 to 2001 and President of the MNSD-Nassara from 2001 to 2009...
       
       , Prime Minister of Niger (2000–2007)
•  Nigeria
  • President - Olusegun Obasanjo, President of Nigeria
    President of Nigeria
    The President of Nigeria is the Head of State and head of the national executive. Officially styled President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and Commander-in-Chief of the Nigerian Armed Forces. The current President of Nigeria is Goodluck Jonathan.-History:On October 1, 1960, Nigeria gained...
    
     (1999–2007)
•  Rwanda
  • President -
    1. Pasteur Bizimungu
       Pasteur Bizimungu
       Pasteur Bizimungu was the fifth President of Rwanda from 19 July 1994 until 23 March 2000. He is considered belonging to the Hutu caste/ethnic group and was born in the Gisenyi prefecture of Rwanda. Bizimungu worked within the Hutu MRND regime which ruled Rwanda , including as director general of...
       
       , President of Rwanda (1994–2000)
    2. Paul Kagame
       Paul Kagame
       Paul Kagame is the sixth and current President of the Republic of Rwanda. He rose to prominence as the leader of the Rwandan Patriotic Front , whose victory over the incumbent government in July 1994 effectively ended the Rwandan genocide...
       
       , President of Rwanda (2000–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Pierre-Célestin Rwigema
       Pierre-Célestin Rwigema
       Pierre-Célestin Rwigema is a Rwandan politician. He was Prime Minister of Rwanda from 1995–2000 and Education Minister from 1994-1995. When he was sworn in as Prime Minister he pledged to reunite his then ethnically torn country. In 2001, he was accused of alleged involvement in the Rwandan...
       
       , Prime Minister of Rwanda
       Prime Minister of Rwanda
       -List of Prime Ministers of Rwanda:-Affiliations:*Parmehutu - Party of the Hutu Emancipation Movement*MRND - National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development...
       
        (1995–2000)
    2. Bernard Makuza
       Bernard Makuza
       Bernard Makuza is a Rwandan politician who was Prime Minister of Rwanda from 8 March 2000 to 6 October 2011. An ethnic Hutu, Makuza was a member of the Democratic Republican Movement before allegations were made that the party promoted genocide...
       
       , Prime Minister of Rwanda
       Prime Minister of Rwanda
       -List of Prime Ministers of Rwanda:-Affiliations:*Parmehutu - Party of the Hutu Emancipation Movement*MRND - National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development...
       
        (2000–2011) (British dependent territory)
  • Governor - David Hollamby, Governor of Saint Helena
    Governor of Saint Helena
    The Governor of Saint Helena is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha...
    
     (1999–2004)
•  São Tomé and Príncipe
  • President - Miguel Trovoada
    Miguel Trovoada
    Miguel dos Anjos da Cunha Lisboa Trovoada was Prime Minister and President of São Tomé and Príncipe. Currently he is the Executive Secretary of the Gulf of Guinea Commission.-Background:...
    
    , President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1995–2001)
  • Prime Minister - Guilherme Posser da Costa
    Guilherme Posser da Costa
    Guilherme Posser da Costa was Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe from 1999 to 2001.Posser da Costa served as Minister of Foreign Affairs on three different occasions: 1987-1988, 1990-1991, and 1994-1996...
    
    , Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (1999–2001)
•  Senegal
  • President -
    1. Abdou Diouf
       Abdou Diouf
       Abdou Diouf was the second President of Senegal, serving from 1981 to 2000. Diouf is notable both for coming to power by peaceful succession, and leaving willingly after losing the 2000 presidential election to Abdoulaye Wade...
       
       , President of Senegal (1981–2000)
    2. Abdoulaye Wade
       Abdoulaye Wade
       Abdoulaye Wade is the third and current President of Senegal, in office since 2000. He is also the Secretary-General of the Senegalese Democratic Party and has led the party since it was founded in 1974...
       
       , President of Senegal (2000–present)
  • Prime Minister
    1. Mamadou Lamine Loum
       Mamadou Lamine Loum
       Mamadou Lamine Loum is a Senegalese political figure. Considered a technocrat, he served as Prime Minister of Senegal from 3 July 1998 to 5 April 2000....
       
       , Prime Minister of Senegal
       Prime Minister of Senegal
       The Prime Minister of Senegal is the head of government of Senegal. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Senegal, who is directly elected for a five year term. The Prime Minister, in turn, appoints the Senegalese cabinet, after consultation with the President.This is a list of the...
       
        (1998–2000)
    2. Moustapha Niasse
       Moustapha Niasse
       Moustapha Niasse is a Senegalese politician and diplomat. He served in the government of Senegal as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1978 to 1984 and again from 1993 to 1998. He was Prime Minister of Senegal for a few weeks in 1983, and he held that position again from 2000 to 2001.-Political...
       
       , Prime Minister of Senegal
       Prime Minister of Senegal
       The Prime Minister of Senegal is the head of government of Senegal. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Senegal, who is directly elected for a five year term. The Prime Minister, in turn, appoints the Senegalese cabinet, after consultation with the President.This is a list of the...
       
        (2000–2001)
•  Seychelles
  • President - France-Albert René
    France-Albert René
    France-Albert René was the long-time socialist President of Seychelles from 1977 to 2004. He is known by government officials and party members as "the Boss". His name is often given as simply Albert René or F.A...
    
    , President of Seychelles (1977–2004)
•  Sierra Leone
  • President - Ahmad Tejan Kabbah
    Ahmad Tejan Kabbah
    Alhaji Ahmad Tejan Kabbah served as President of Sierra Leone from 1996 to 1997 and again from 1998 to 2007.He worked for the United Nations Development Programme and returned to Sierra Leone in 1992...
    
    , President of Sierra Leone
    Heads of government of Sierra Leone
    The following is a list of heads of government of Sierra Leone from 1954 until 1978, when a single party constitution was adopted, and President of Sierra Leone became head of government as well.-Heads of Government of Sierra Leone:-See also:...
    
     (1998–2007)
•  Somalia
  • President - Abdiqasim Salad Hassan
    Abdiqasim Salad Hassan
    Dr Abdiqasim Salad Hassan is a prominent Somali politician. He was President of Somalia from 2001 to 2004, and previously served as Interior Minister and Finance Minister in the government of Mohamed Siad Barre.-Biography:...
    
    , President of Somalia (2000–2004)
  • Prime Minister - Ali Khalif Galaydh, Prime Minister of Somalia
    Prime Minister of Somalia
    This page contains a list of the Prime Ministers of Somalia.-Prime Ministers of Somalia :-Affiliations:*SYL - Somali Youth League*SNL - Somali National League...
    
     (2000–2001)
  •  Somaliland (unrecognized secessionist state)
    • President - Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, President of Somaliland (1993–2002)
  •  Puntland (self-declared autonomous state, de facto independent)
    • President - Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed
      Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed
      Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed is a veteran Somali politician. He is one of the founders of the Somali Salvation Democratic Front, as well as the Puntland State of Somalia, where he served as the autonomous region's first President...
      
      , President of Puntland (1998–2001)
•  South Africa
  • President - Thabo Mbeki
    Thabo Mbeki
    Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki is a South African politician who served two terms as the second post-apartheid President of South Africa from 14 June 1999 to 24 September 2008. He is also the brother of Moeletsi Mbeki...
    
    , President of South Africa
    President of South Africa
    The President of the Republic of South Africa is the head of state and head of government under South Africa's Constitution. From 1961 to 1994, the head of state was called the State President....
    
     (1999–2008)
•  Sudan
  • President - Omar al-Bashir
    Omar al-Bashir
    Lieutenant General Omar Hassan Ahmad Al-Bashir is the current President of Sudan and the head of the National Congress Party. He came to power in 1989 when he, as a brigadier in the Sudanese army, led a group of officers in a bloodless military coup that ousted the government of Prime Minister...
    
    , President of Sudan (1989–present)
•  Swaziland
  • Monarch - Mswati III
    Mswati III of Swaziland
    Mswati III is the King of Swaziland and head of the Swazi Royal Family. In 1986, he succeeded his father Sobhuza II as ruler of the southern African kingdom...
    
    , King of Swaziland (1986–present)
  • Prime Minister - Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini
    Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini
    Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini is Prime Minister of Swaziland. He was Prime Minister from 1996 to 2003 and has held the position again since October 2008....
    
    , Prime Minister of Swaziland (1996–2003)
•  Tanzania
  • President - Benjamin Mkapa
    Benjamin Mkapa
    Benjamin William Mkapa was the third President of the United Republic of Tanzania and former Chairman for the Revolutionary State Party .-Biography:...
    
    , President of Tanzania (1995–2005)
  • Prime Minister - Frederick Sumaye
    Frederick Sumaye
    Frederick Tluway Sumaye is the former Prime Minister of Tanzania. He was Prime Minister since the first multi-party elections on 28 November 1995 until 30 December 2005. After leaving office, in 2006 he enrolled for a year as a mid-career student in the Edward S. Mason Program at the John F...
    
    , Prime Minister of Tanzania (1995–2005)
•  Togo
  • President - Gnassingbé Eyadéma
    Gnassingbé Eyadéma
    General Gnassingbé Eyadéma , was the President of Togo from 1967 until his death in 2005. He participated in two successful military coups, in January 1963 and January 1967, and became President on April 14, 1967...
    
    , President of Togo (1967–2005)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Eugene Koffi Adoboli
       Eugene Koffi Adoboli
       Eugene Koffi Adoboli served as Prime Minister of Togo from 21 May 1998 to 31 August 2000. He was previously an international civil servant at the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development in Geneva and the United Nations Joint Inspection Unit for over 40 years...
       
       , Prime Minister of Togo (1999–2000)
    2. Agbéyomé Kodjo
       Agbeyome Kodjo
       Messan Agbéyomé Gabriel Kodjo is a Togolese politician who served as Prime Minister of Togo from 29 August 2000 to 27 June 2002.-Political career:...
       
       , Prime Minister of Togo (2000–2002)
•  Tunisia
  • President - Zine El Abidine Ben Ali
    Zine El Abidine Ben Ali
    Zine El Abidine Ben Ali is a Tunisian political figure who was the second President of Tunisia from 1987 to 2011. Ben Ali was appointed Prime Minister in October 1987, and he assumed the Presidency on 7 November 1987 in a bloodless coup d'état that ousted President Habib Bourguiba, who was...
    
    , President of Tunisia (1987–2011)
  • Prime Minister - Mohamed Ghannouchi
    Mohamed Ghannouchi
    Mohamed Ghannouchi was the Prime Minister of Tunisia and was self-proclaimed acting President of the country for a few hours starting 14 January 2011, under Article 56 of the Constitution of Tunisia...
    
    , Prime Minister of Tunisia
    Prime Minister of Tunisia
    The Prime Minister of the Tunisian Republic is the head of government of Tunisia. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Tunisia...
    
     (1999–2011)
•  Uganda
  • President - Yoweri Museveni
    Yoweri Museveni
    Yoweri Kaguta Museveni is a Ugandan politician and statesman. He has been President of Uganda since 26 January 1986.Museveni was involved in the war that deposed Idi Amin Dada, ending his rule in 1979, and in the rebellion that subsequently led to the demise of the Milton Obote regime in 1985...
    
    , President of Uganda (1986–present)
  • Prime Minister - Apolo Nsibambi
    Apolo Nsibambi
    Apolo Robin Nsibambi is a Ugandan academic and politician who was Prime Minister of Uganda from 5 April 1999 until 24 May 2011. He was succeeded as Prime Minister by Amama Mbabazi on 24 May 2011.-Background:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Uganda
    Prime Minister of Uganda
    -List of Prime Ministers of Uganda:-Affiliations:-See also:*Uganda*President of Uganda*Vice President of Uganda*Politics of Uganda*History of Uganda*Political parties of Uganda...
    
     (1999–2011)
•  Zambia
  • President - Frederick Chiluba
    Frederick Chiluba
    Frederick Jacob Titus Chiluba was a Zambian politician who was the second President of Zambia from 1991 to 2002. Chiluba, a trade union leader, won the country's multi-party presidential election in 1991 as the candidate of the Movement for Multiparty Democracy , defeating long-time President...
    
    , President of Zambia (1991–2002)
•  Zimbabwe
  • President - Robert Mugabe
    Robert Mugabe
    Robert Gabriel Mugabe is the President of Zimbabwe. As one of the leaders of the liberation movement against white-minority rule, he was elected into power in 1980...
    
    , President of Zimbabwe (1987–present)

Asia

• Afghanistan
  Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
  The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan was founded in 1996 when the Taliban began their rule of Afghanistan and ended with their fall from power in 2001...
  
  
  •   Taliban -
    • De facto Head of State - Mohammed Omar
      Mohammed Omar
      Mullah Mohammed Omar , often simply called Mullah Omar, is the leader of the Taliban movement that operates in Afghanistan. He was Afghanistan's de facto head of state from 1996 to late 2001, under the official title "Head of the Supreme Council"...
      
      , Chairman of the Supreme Council of Afghanistan (1996–2001)
  •   Afghan Northern Alliance -
    • President - Burhanuddin Rabbani
      Burhanuddin Rabbani
      Professor Burhanuddin Rabbani was President of the Islamic State of Afghanistan from 1992 to 1996. After the Taliban government was toppled during Operation Enduring Freedom, Rabbani returned to Kabul and served as a temporary President from November to December 20, 2001, when Hamid Karzai was...
      
      , President of Afghanistan
      President of Afghanistan
      Afghanistan has only been a republic between 1973 and 1992 and from 2001 onwards. Before 1973, it was a monarchy that was governed by a variety of kings, emirs or shahs...
      
       (in exile) (1992–2001)
•  Bahrain -
  • Monarch - Sheikh Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifa, Emir of Bahrain
    King of Bahrain
    The King of Bahrain ‎ is the monarch and head of state of Bahrain. Between 1783 and 1971, the Bahraini monarch held the title of Hakim, and, from 1971 until 2002, the title of Emir...
    
     (1999–present)
  • Prime Minister - Sheikh Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa, Prime Minister of Bahrain
    Prime Minister of Bahrain
    In Bahrain, the Prime Minister is the head of government of the country. According to the Constitution of Bahrain, the Prime Minister is appointed directly by the King, and needs not be an elected member of the Council of Representatives....
    
     (1970–present)
•  Bangladesh
  • President - Shahabuddin Ahmed
    Shahabuddin Ahmed
    Shahabuddin Ahmed is a former president and Chief Justice of Bangladesh. Justice Shahabuddin Ahmed took over the office of President after a popular uprising against President Hossain Mohammad Ershad in 1991. After the resumption of democracy, he returned to his duties as the Chief Justice...
    
    , President of Bangladesh (1996–2001)
  • Prime Minister - Sheikh Hasina
    Sheikh Hasina
    Sheikh Hasina is a Bangladeshi politician and current Prime Minister of Bangladesh. She has been the President of the Awami League, a major political party, since 1981. She is the eldest of five children of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the founding father of Bangladesh and widow of a reputed nuclear...
    
    , Prime Minister of Bangladesh
    Prime Minister of Bangladesh
    The Prime Minister of the People's Republic of Bangladesh is the Head of the Government of Bangladesh. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Jatiya Sangsad Parliament, to their political party and ultimately to the electorate...
    
     (1996–2001)
•  Bhutan
  • Monarch - Jigme Singye Wangchuck
    Jigme Singye Wangchuck
    Jigme Singye Wangchuck is the former King of Bhutan. He was the fourth Dragon King of Bhutan from 1972 until his abdication in favour of his eldest son, Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, in 2006...
    
    , King of Bhutan (1972–2006)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Sangay Ngedup
       Sangay Ngedup
       Lyonpo Sangay Ngedup was Prime Minister of Bhutan from 1999 to 2000 and again from 2005 to 2006.In Dzongkha, the title Lyonpo means "Minister"....
       
       , Prime Minister of Bhutan (1999–2000)
    2. Yeshey Zimba, Prime Minister of Bhutan (2000–2001)
•  Brunei
  • Monarch - Hassanal Bolkiah
    Hassanal Bolkiah
    General Haji Sir Hassan al-Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah GCB GCMG is the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam, the 29th Sultan of Brunei and the first Prime Minister of Brunei Darussalam...
    
    , Sultan of Brunei (1967–present)
  • Prime Minister - Hassanal Bolkiah
    Hassanal Bolkiah
    General Haji Sir Hassan al-Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah GCB GCMG is the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam, the 29th Sultan of Brunei and the first Prime Minister of Brunei Darussalam...
    
    , Prime Minister of Brunei
    Prime Minister of Brunei
    The Prime Minister of Brunei is a title held by the Sultan of Brunei. As the prime minister, the Sultan presides over the cabinet.As of 2011, the post is held by Hassanal Bolkiah....
    
     (1984–present)
•  Cambodia
  • Monarch - Norodom Sihanouk
    Norodom Sihanouk
    Norodom Sihanouk regular script was the King of Cambodia from 1941 to 1955 and again from 1993 until his semi-retirement and voluntary abdication on 7 October 2004 in favor of his son, the current King Norodom Sihamoni...
    
    , King of Cambodia
    King of Cambodia
    The King of Cambodia is the head of state of the Kingdom of Cambodia. The King's power is limited to that of a symbolic figurehead to whom people are to give love and respect...
    
     (1993–2004)
  • Prime Minister - Hun Sen
    Hun Sen
    Hun Sen is the current Prime Minister of Cambodia.He has been the sole leader of the Cambodian People's Party , which has governed Cambodia since the Vietnamese-backed overthrow of the Khmer Rouge in 1979...
    
    , Prime Minister of Cambodia
    Prime Minister of Cambodia
    The Prime Minister of Cambodia , is the head of government of the Kingdom of Cambodia. Prime Minister is appointed by the King under Article 119 of the Constitution and is responsible for leading the government of the Kingdom.-Constitutional powers:The powers of the Prime Minister are established...
    
     (1985–present)
• ' -
  • Communist Party Leader - Jiang Zemin
    Jiang Zemin
    Jiang Zemin is a former Chinese politician, who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of China from 1989 to 2002, as President of the People's Republic of China from 1993 to 2003, and as Chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2005...
    
    , General Secretary of the Communist Party of China
    General Secretary of the Communist Party of China
    The General Secretary of the Communist Party of China , officially General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, is the highest ranking official within the Communist Party of China, a standing member of the Politburo and head of the Secretariat...
    
     (1989–2002)
  • President - Jiang Zemin
    Jiang Zemin
    Jiang Zemin is a former Chinese politician, who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of China from 1989 to 2002, as President of the People's Republic of China from 1993 to 2003, and as Chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2005...
    
    , President of the People's Republic of China
    President of the People's Republic of China
    The President of the People's Republic of China is a ceremonial office and a part of State organs under the National People's Congress and it is the head of state of the People's Republic of China . The office was created by the 1982 Constitution...
    
     (1993–2003)
  • Premier - Zhu Rongji
    Zhu Rongji
    Zhū Róngjī is a prominent Chinese politician who served as the Mayor and Party chief in Shanghai between 1987 and 1991, before serving as Vice-Premier and then the fifth Premier of the People's Republic of China from March 1998 to March 2003.A tough administrator, his time in office saw the...
    
    , Premier of the People's Republic of China
    Premier of the People's Republic of China
    The Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China , sometimes also referred to as the "Prime Minister" informally, is the Leader of the State Council of the People's Republic of China , who is the head of government and holds the highest-ranking of the Civil service of the...
    
     (1998–2003) East Timor (under UN administration)
    United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor
    The United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor provided an interim civil administration and a peacekeeping mission in the territory of East Timor, from its establishment on October 25, 1999 until its independence on May 20, 2002 following the outcome of the East Timor Special...
    
    
  • Special Representative - Sérgio Vieira de Mello
    Sérgio Vieira de Mello
    Sérgio Vieira de Mello was a Brazilian United Nations employee who worked for the UN for more than 34 years, earning respect and praise around the world for his efforts in the humanitarian and political programs of the UN...
    
    , Special Representative of the Secretary-General for East Timor (1999–2002)
•  India
  • President - K. R. Narayanan
    K. R. Narayanan
    Kocheril Raman Narayanan , also known as K. R. Narayanan, was the tenth President of India. He was the first Dalit, and the first Malayali, to have been President....
    
    , President of India
    President of India
    The President of India is the head of state and first citizen of India, as well as the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces. President of India is also the formal head of all the three branches of Indian Democracy - Legislature, Executive and Judiciary...
    
     (1997–2002)
  • Prime Minister - Atal Bihari Vajpayee
    Atal Bihari Vajpayee
    Atal Bihari Vajpayee is an Indian statesman who served as the tenth Prime Minister of India three times – first for a brief term of 13 days in 1996, and then for two terms from 1998 to 2004. After his first brief period as Prime Minister in 1996, Vajpayee headed a coalition government from...
    
    , Prime Minister of India
    Prime Minister of India
    The Prime Minister of India , as addressed to in the Constitution of India — Prime Minister for the Union, is the chief of government, head of the Council of Ministers and the leader of the majority party in parliament...
    
     (1998–2004)
•  Indonesia
  • President - Abdurrahman Wahid
    Abdurrahman Wahid
    Abdurrahman Wahid, born Abdurrahman Addakhil , colloquially known as , was an Indonesian Muslim religious and political leader who served as the President of Indonesia from 1999 to 2001...
    
    , President of Indonesia (1999–2001)
•  Iran
  • Supreme Leader - Ali Khamenei
    Ali Khamenei
    Ayatollah Seyed Ali Hoseyni Khāmene’i is the Supreme Leader of Iran and the figurative head of the Muslim conservative establishment in Iran and Twelver Shi'a marja...
    
    , Supreme Leader of Iran
    Supreme Leader of Iran
    The Supreme Leader of Iran is the highest ranking political and religious authority in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The post was established by the constitution in accordance with the concept of Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists...
    
     (1989–present)
  • President - Mohammad Khatami
    Mohammad Khatami
    Sayyid Mohammad Khātamī is an Iranian scholar, philosopher, Shiite theologian and Reformist politician. He served as the fifth President of Iran from August 2, 1997 to August 3, 2005. He also served as Iran's Minister of Culture in both the 1980s and 1990s...
    
    , President of Iran
    President of Iran
    The President of Iran is the highest popularly elected official in, and the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Iran; although subordinate to the Supreme Leader of Iran, who functions as the country's head of state...
    
     (1997–2005)
•  Iraq
  • President - Saddam Hussein
    Saddam Hussein
    Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti was the fifth President of Iraq, serving in this capacity from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003...
    
    , President of Iraq
    President of Iraq
    The President of Iraq is the head of state of Iraq and "safeguards the commitment to the Constitution and the preservation of Iraq's independence, sovereignty, unity, the security of its territories in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution." The President is elected by the Council of...
    
     (1979–2003)
  • Prime Minister - Saddam Hussein
    Saddam Hussein
    Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti was the fifth President of Iraq, serving in this capacity from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003...
    
    , Prime Minister of Iraq
    Prime Minister of Iraq
    The Prime Minister of Iraq is Iraq's head of government. Prime Minister was originally an appointed office, subsidiary to the head of state, and the nominal leader of the Iraqi parliament. Under the newly adopted constitution the Prime Minister is to be the country's active executive authority...
    
     (1994–2003)
•  Israel
  • President
    1. Ezer Weizman
       Ezer Weizman
       ' was the seventh President of Israel, first elected in 1993 and re-elected in 1998. Before the presidency, Weizman was commander of the Israeli Air Force and Minister of Defense.-Biography:...
       
       , President of Israel
       President of Israel
       The President of the State of Israel is the head of state of Israel. The position is largely an apolitical ceremonial figurehead role, with the real executive power lying in the hands of the Prime Minister. The current president is Shimon Peres who took office on 15 July 2007...
       
        (1993–2000)
    2. Avraham Burg
       Avraham Burg
       Avraham "Avrum" Burg is an Israeli author; he was formerly a member of the Knesset, a chairman of the Jewish Agency for Israel and a Speaker of the Knesset.-Biography:...
       
       , Interim President of Israel
       President of Israel
       The President of the State of Israel is the head of state of Israel. The position is largely an apolitical ceremonial figurehead role, with the real executive power lying in the hands of the Prime Minister. The current president is Shimon Peres who took office on 15 July 2007...
       
        (2000)
    3. Moshe Katsav
       Moshe Katsav
       Moshe Katsav is an Israeli politician. He served as the eighth President of Israel, a leading Likud member of the Israeli Knesset, and a Cabinet Minister in its government....
       
       , President of Israel
       President of Israel
       The President of the State of Israel is the head of state of Israel. The position is largely an apolitical ceremonial figurehead role, with the real executive power lying in the hands of the Prime Minister. The current president is Shimon Peres who took office on 15 July 2007...
       
        (2000–2007)
  • Prime Minister - Ehud Barak
    Ehud Barak
    Ehud Barak is an Israeli politician who served as Prime Minister from 1999 until 2001. He was leader of the Labor Party until January 2011 and holds the posts of Minister of Defense and Deputy Prime Minister in Binyamin Netanyahu's government....
    
    , Prime Minister of Israel
    Prime Minister of Israel
    The Prime Minister of Israel is the head of the Israeli government and the most powerful political figure in Israel . The prime minister is the country's chief executive. The official residence of the prime minister, Beit Rosh Hamemshala is in Jerusalem...
    
     (1999–2001)
  •  Palestinian National Authority (non-state administrative authority)
    • President - Yasser Arafat
      Yasser Arafat
      Mohammed Yasser Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini , popularly known as Yasser Arafat or by his kunya Abu Ammar , was a Palestinian leader and a Laureate of the Nobel Prize. He was Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization , President of the Palestinian National Authority...
      
      , President of the Palestinian Authority (1994–2004)
•  Japan
  • Monarch - Akihito
    Akihito
    is the current , the 125th emperor of his line according to Japan's traditional order of succession. He acceded to the throne in 1989.-Name:In Japan, the emperor is never referred to by his given name, but rather is referred to as "His Imperial Majesty the Emperor" which may be shortened to . In...
    
    , Emperor of Japan (1989–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Keizō Obuchi
       Keizo Obuchi
       was a Japanese politician who served in the House of Representatives for twelve terms, and ultimately as the 84th Prime Minister of Japan from July 30, 1998 to April 5, 2000. His political career ended when he suffered a serious and ultimately fatal stroke....
       
       , Prime Minister of Japan
       Prime Minister of Japan
       The is the head of government of Japan. He is appointed by the Emperor of Japan after being designated by the Diet from among its members, and must enjoy the confidence of the House of Representatives to remain in office...
       
        (1998–2000)
    2. Yoshirō Mori
       Yoshiro Mori
       is a Japanese politician who served as the 85th and 86th Prime Minister of Japan starting at 5 April 2000 ending 26 April 2001. Described as having "the heart of a flea and the brain of a shark," he was an unpopular prime minister mainly remembered today for his many gaffes and situationally...
       
       , Prime Minister of Japan
       Prime Minister of Japan
       The is the head of government of Japan. He is appointed by the Emperor of Japan after being designated by the Diet from among its members, and must enjoy the confidence of the House of Representatives to remain in office...
       
        (2000–2001)
•  Jordan
  • Monarch - Abdullah II, King of Jordan (1999–present)
  • Prime Minister
    1. Abdelraouf al-Rawabdeh
       Abdelraouf al-Rawabdeh
       Abdelraouf al-Rawabdeh Prime Minister of Jordan from March 4, 1999 till June 19, 2000, a leading political figure from the north city of Irbid in Jordan....
       
       , Prime Minister of Jordan (1999–2000)
    2. Ali Abu al-Ragheb
       Ali Abu al-Ragheb
       Ali Abu al-Ragheb was the Prime Minister of Jordan from June 19, 2000 until October 25, 2003. He resigned and was replaced by Faisal al-Fayez.Prime Minister Ali Abu Ragheb was born in Amman, Jordan in 1946...
       
       , Prime Minister of Jordan (2000–2003)
•  Kazakhstan -
  • President - Nursultan Nazarbayev
    Nursultan Nazarbayev
    Nursultan Abishuly Nazarbayev has served as the President of Kazakhstan since the nation received its independence in 1991, after the fall of the Soviet Union...
    
    , President of Kazakhstan (1990–present)
  • Prime Minister - Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan
    Prime Minister of Kazakhstan
    -Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars:*Viktor Radus-Zenkovich *Mukhamedkhafiy Murzagaliyev *Saken Seyfullin *Nygmet Nurmakov...
    
     (1999–2002)
• '
  • Communist Party Leader - Kim Jong-il
    Kim Jong-il
    Kim Jong-il, also written as Kim Jong Il, birth name Yuri Irsenovich Kim born 16 February 1941 or 16 February 1942 , is the Supreme Leader of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea...
    
    , General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea
    Workers' Party of Korea
    The Workers' Party of Korea is the ruling Communist party of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea , commonly known as North Korea. It is also called the Korean Workers' Party...
    
     (1997–present)
  • De facto Head of State - Kim Jong-il
    Kim Jong-il
    Kim Jong-il, also written as Kim Jong Il, birth name Yuri Irsenovich Kim born 16 February 1941 or 16 February 1942 , is the Supreme Leader of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea...
    
    , Chairman of the National Defence Commission of North Korea
    Chairman of the National Defence Commission of North Korea
    The Chairman of the National Defense Commission of North Korea is the supreme commander of the armed forces of North Korea and the most powerful person in the government...
    
     (1993–present)
  • Nominal Head of State - Kim Yong-nam
    Kim Yong-nam
    Kim Yong-nam is the current North Korean Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly, a position held since 1998. He was elected a member of the presidium of the politburo of the central committee of the Workers' Party of Korea in 2010.He was born in the Central District, Heijo ,...
    
    , Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea (1998–present)
  • Premier - Hong Song-nam
    Hong Song-nam
    Hong Song-nam was the Premier of North Korea from 1997 to 2003. He succeeded Kang Song-san.- References :* http://www.881903.com/Page/ZH-TW/newsdetail.aspx?ItemId=109054 **...
    
    , Premier of North Korea (1997–2003)
• '
  • President - Kim Dae-jung, President of South Korea
    President of South Korea
    The President of the Republic of Korea is, according to the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, chief executive of the government, commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and the head of state of the Republic of Korea...
    
     (1998–2003)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Kim Jong Pil, Prime Minister of South Korea
       Prime Minister of South Korea
       The Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea is appointed by the President with the National Assembly's approval. Unlike prime ministers in the parliamentary system, the Prime Minister of South Korea is not required to be a member of parliament....
       
        (1998–2000)
    2. Park Tae Joon, Prime Minister of South Korea
       Prime Minister of South Korea
       The Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea is appointed by the President with the National Assembly's approval. Unlike prime ministers in the parliamentary system, the Prime Minister of South Korea is not required to be a member of parliament....
       
        (2000)
    3. Lee Hun Jai
       Lee Hun Jai
       Lee Hun Jai is a South Korean politician who had served as the acting Prime Minister of South Korea twice, from May 19, 2000, to May 22, 2000, and from May 25, 2004, to June 30, 2004. Both times others were nominated to officially take that position and were confirmed by Parliament, while Lee was...
       
       , Acting Prime Minister of South Korea
       Prime Minister of South Korea
       The Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea is appointed by the President with the National Assembly's approval. Unlike prime ministers in the parliamentary system, the Prime Minister of South Korea is not required to be a member of parliament....
       
        (2000)
    4. Lee Han Dong, Prime Minister of South Korea
       Prime Minister of South Korea
       The Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea is appointed by the President with the National Assembly's approval. Unlike prime ministers in the parliamentary system, the Prime Minister of South Korea is not required to be a member of parliament....
       
        (2000–2002)
•  Kuwait
  • Monarch - Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
    Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
    Jaber III al-Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah, GCB , GCMG of the al-Sabah dynasty, was the Emir and thirteenth Sheikh of Kuwait, serving from December 31, 1977 until his death on January 15, 2006...
    
    , Emir of Kuwait (1977–2006)
  • Prime Minister - Sheikh Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah
    Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah
    Sheikh Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah, KCMG was the Emir of Kuwait during a short reign of nine days , succeeding the late Sheikh Jaber....
    
    , Prime Minister of Kuwait (1978–2003)
•  Kyrgyzstan
  • President - Askar Akayev
    Askar Akayev
    Askar Akayevich Akayev served as the President of Kyrgyzstan from 1990 until his overthrow in the March 2005 Tulip Revolution....
    
    , President of Kyrgyzstan
    President of Kyrgyzstan
    The President of Kyrgyzstan is the head of state and the highest official of Kyrgyzstan. The President, according to the constitution, "is the symbol of the unity of people and state power, and is the guarantor of the Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic, and of an individual and citizen." The...
    
     (1990–2005)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Amangeldy Muraliyev, Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan
       Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan
       The Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan is the head of government of Kyrgyzstan. Generally, the President is in a stronger position than the Prime Minister in Kyrgyzstan. The president is allowed to appoint the Prime Minister temporarily, and his appointment is known as the acting Prime Minister...
       
        (1999–2000)
    2. Kurmanbek Bakiyev
       Kurmanbek Bakiyev
       Kurmanbek Saliyevich Bakiyev is a politician who served as the second President of Kyrgyzstan, from 2005 to 2010...
       
       , Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan
       Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan
       The Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan is the head of government of Kyrgyzstan. Generally, the President is in a stronger position than the Prime Minister in Kyrgyzstan. The president is allowed to appoint the Prime Minister temporarily, and his appointment is known as the acting Prime Minister...
       
        (2000–2002)
•  Laos
  • Communist Party Leader - Khamtai Siphandon
    Khamtai Siphandon
    General Khamtai Siphandon is a Laotian politician who was President of Laos from February 24, 1998, until June 8, 2006, when he was officially replaced by Choummaly Sayasone....
    
    , General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party
    Lao People's Revolutionary Party
    The Lao People's Revolutionary Party is a communist political party that has governed Laos since 1975. The policy-making organs are the politburo and the central committee. A party congress, which elects members to the politburo and central committee, is held every five years...
    
     (1992–2006)
  • President - Khamtai Siphandon
    Khamtai Siphandon
    General Khamtai Siphandon is a Laotian politician who was President of Laos from February 24, 1998, until June 8, 2006, when he was officially replaced by Choummaly Sayasone....
    
    , President of Laos
    President of Laos
    The President of Laos is the head of state of the People's Democratic Republic of Laos.The office of the President was created in 1975, after the takeover of the country by the Pathet Lao, which abolished the monarchy. A member of the deposed royal family, Prince Souphanouvong, was the first...
    
     (1998–2006)
  • Premier - Sisavath Keobounphanh
    Sisavath Keobounphanh
    Sisavath Keobounphanh was Vice President of Laos from 1996 to 1998 and third Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos from 1998 to 2001...
    
    , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos
    Prime Minister of Laos
    The Prime Minister of Laos is the head of government of the People's Democratic Republic of Laos.-Prime Ministers:-Trivia:Between December 1959 to December 1960, Laos had 6 different Prime Ministers, after being ousted by 6 different political coups....
    
     (1998–2001)
•  Lebanon
  • President - Émile Lahoud
    Émile Lahoud
    General Émile Jamil Lahoud is a former President of Lebanon. Lahoud is a Maronite-Catholic, as is required for the Lebanese presidency. Under Lebanon's unwritten constitutional agreement, the National Pact, the presidency is earmarked for Maronite_Catholic, the parliament speaker's post for a Shia...
    
    , President of Lebanon (1998–2007)
  • Prime Minister
    1. Selim al-Hoss
       Selim al-Hoss
       Selim Ahmed El-Hoss is a veteran Lebanese politician. He was a Prime Minister of Lebanon and a longtime Member of Parliament representing his hometown, Beirut.-Education:...
       
       , Prime Minister of Lebanon (1998–2000)
    2. Rafic Hariri, Prime Minister of Lebanon (2000–2004)
•  Malaysia
  • Monarch - Sultan Salahuddin, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia
    Yang di-Pertuan Agong
    The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is the head of state of Malaysia. The office was established in 1957 when the Federation of Malaya gained independence....
    
     (1999–2001)
  • Prime Minister - Mahathir Mohamad, Prime Minister of Malaysia
    Prime Minister of Malaysia
    The Prime Minister of Malaysia is the indirectly elected head of government of Malaysia. He is officially appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the head of state, who in HM's judgment is likely to command the confidence of the majority of the members of that House of Representatives , the...
    
     (1981–2003)
•  Maldives
  • President - Maumoon Abdul Gayoom
    Maumoon Abdul Gayoom
    Maumoon Abdul Gayoom was President of the Maldives from 1978 to 2008. After serving as Minister of Transport, he was nominated as President by the Majlis of the Maldives and succeeded Ibrahim Nasir on November 11, 1978. He eventually became the longest-ruling head of government in Asia...
    
    , President of Maldives (1978–2008)
•  Mongolia
  • President - Natsagiin Bagabandi, President of Mongolia
    President of Mongolia
    The President of Mongolia is the head of state of Mongolia. The Constitution of Mongolia implements a parliamentary system, so while much of the President's role is ceremonial, he or she does wield significant political power.-Election:...
    
     (1997–2005)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Rinchinnyamyn Amarjargal
       Rinchinnyamyn Amarjargal
       Rinchinnyam Amarjargal was Prime Minister of Mongolia from July 30, 1999 to July 26, 2000. He is a leading member of the Democratic Party.- Early years and education :Amarjargal was born in Ulaanbaatar in 1961...
       
       , Prime Minister of Mongolia
       Prime Minister of Mongolia
       The Prime Minister of Mongolia is the highest member of the Mongolian government's executive arm, and heads the Mongolian cabinet. The Prime Minister is appointed by Parliament, and can be removed by a vote of no confidence.-Powers:...
       
        (1999–2000)
    2. Nambaryn Enkhbayar
       Nambaryn Enkhbayar
       Nambaryn Enkhbayar is a Mongolian political figure. He was the Prime Minister of Mongolia from 2000 to 2004, the Speaker of Parliament from 2004 to 2005, and the President of Mongolia from 2005 to 2009...
       
       , Prime Minister of Mongolia
       Prime Minister of Mongolia
       The Prime Minister of Mongolia is the highest member of the Mongolian government's executive arm, and heads the Mongolian cabinet. The Prime Minister is appointed by Parliament, and can be removed by a vote of no confidence.-Powers:...
       
        (2000–2004)
•  Myanmar
  • Head of State - Than Shwe
    Than Shwe
    Senior General Than Shwe is a Burmese military leader and politician who was chairman of the State Peace and Development Council from 1992 to 2011. During the period, he held key positions of power including commander-in-chief of the Myanmar Armed Forces and head of Union Solidarity and...
    
    , Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council of Myanmar
    President of Burma
    The President of Burma is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, and leads the executive branch of the Burmese government, and heads the Cabinet of Burma. The president is elected by members of parliament, not by the general population. The Presidential...
    
     (1992–2011)
  • Prime Minister - Than Shwe
    Than Shwe
    Senior General Than Shwe is a Burmese military leader and politician who was chairman of the State Peace and Development Council from 1992 to 2011. During the period, he held key positions of power including commander-in-chief of the Myanmar Armed Forces and head of Union Solidarity and...
    
    , Prime Minister of Myanmar
    Prime Minister of Myanmar
    The Prime Minister of Burma was the head of government of Burma, also called Myanmar, from 1948 to 2011.-History of the office:The position of Prime Minister was created in 1948, when Burma gained independence from the United Kingdom. Since then, eleven people have held the office...
    
     (1992–2003) Nepal
  • Monarch - Birendra
    Birendra of Nepal
    Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev was a King of Nepal. The son of King Mahendra, whom he succeeded in 1972, he reigned until his death in the 2001 Nepalese royal massacre...
    
    , King of Nepal (1972–2001)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Krishna Prasad Bhattarai
       Krishna Prasad Bhattarai
       Krishna Prasad Bhattarai was a Nepalese political leader. As a leader of the Nepali Congress Party, he made his position by transitioning Nepal from an absolute monarchy to a democratic multi-party system.Bhattarai was twice the Prime Minister of Nepal, once heading the Interim Government from 19...
       
       , Prime Minister of Nepal (1999–2000)
    2. Girija Prasad Koirala
       Girija Prasad Koirala
       Girija Prasad Koirala was a Nepalese politician and the President of the Nepali Congress, a major political party. He was Prime Minister of Nepal for four times, serving from 1991 to 1994, 1998 to 1999, 2000 to 2001, and from 2006 to 2008; he was also Acting Head of State from January 2007 to July...
       
       , Prime Minister of Nepal (2000–2001)
•  Oman -
  • Monarch - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Sultan of Oman (1970–present)
  • Prime Minister - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Prime Minister of Oman (1972–present)
•  Pakistan -
  • President - Mohammad Rafiq Tarar, President of Pakistan
    President of Pakistan
    The President of Pakistan is the head of state, as well as figurehead, of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Recently passed an XVIII Amendment , Pakistan has a parliamentary democratic system of government. According to the Constitution, the President is chosen by the Electoral College to serve a...
    
     (1998–2001)
  • Head of Government - Pervez Musharraf
    Pervez Musharraf
    Pervez Musharraf , is a retired four-star general who served as the 13th Chief of Army Staff and tenth President of Pakistan as well as tenth Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee. Musharraf headed and led an administrative military government from October 1999 till August 2007. He ruled...
    
    , Chief Executive of Pakistan
    Prime Minister of Pakistan
    The Prime Minister of Pakistan , is the Head of Government of Pakistan who is designated to exercise as the country's Chief Executive. By the Constitution of Pakistan, Pakistan has the parliamentary democratic system of government...
    
     (1999–2002)
•  Philippines
  • President - Joseph Estrada
    Joseph Estrada
    Joseph "Erap" Ejercito Estrada was the 13th President of the Philippines, serving from 1998 until 2001. Estrada was the first person in the Post-EDSA era to be elected both to the presidency and vice-presidency.Estrada gained popularity as a film actor, playing the lead role in over 100 films in...
    
    , President of the Philippines
    President of the Philippines
    The President of the Philippines is the head of state and head of government of the Philippines. The president leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines...
    
     (1998–2001)
•  Qatar -
  • Monarch - Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1995–present)
  • Prime Minister - Sheikh Abdullah bin Khalifa Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (1996–2007)
•  Saudi Arabia -
  • Monarch - Fahd
    Fahd of Saudi Arabia
    Fahd bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud, Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, was King of Saudi Arabia from 1982 to 2005...
    
    , King of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005)
  • Prime Minister - Fahd
    Fahd of Saudi Arabia
    Fahd bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud, Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, was King of Saudi Arabia from 1982 to 2005...
    
    , Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia
    Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia
    The Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia is formally the Head of government under the Malik , the rather absolute Head of State of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.-History:...
    
     (1982–2005)
•  Singapore
  • President - S.R. Nathan
    S.R. Nathan
    Sellapan Ramanathan is a Singaporean politician who was the sixth President of the Republic of Singapore. Usually referred to as S. R. Nathan, he was first sworn in on September 1, 1999. In 1999 and 2005, he was elected President in uncontested elections. In 2009, he surpassed Benjamin Sheares to...
    
    , President of Singapore
    President of Singapore
    The President of the Republic of Singapore is Singapore's head of state. In a Westminster parliamentary system, as which Singapore governs itself, the prime minister is the head of the government while the position of president is largely ceremonial. Before 1993, the President of Singapore was...
    
     (1999–2011)
  • Prime Minister - Goh Chok Tong
    Goh Chok Tong
    Goh Chok Tong is the Senior Minister of Singapore and the chairman of the central bank of Singapore, the Monetary Authority of Singapore. He also served as the second Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore from 28 November 1990 to 12 August 2004, succeeding Lee Kuan Yew, the former Prime...
    
    , Prime Minister of Singapore
    Prime Minister of Singapore
    The Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore is the head of the government of the Republic of Singapore. The President of Singapore appoints as Prime Minister a Member of Parliament who, in his opinion, is most likely to command the confidence of a majority of MPs.The office of Prime Minister...
    
     (1990–2004)
•  Sri Lanka
  • President - Chandrika Kumaratunga
    Chandrika Kumaratunga
    Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga born June 29, 1945) was the 4th Executive president of Sri Lanka, serving from November 12, 1994 to November 19, 2005. The daughter of two former Prime Ministers, she was also the leader of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party until end of 2005...
    
    , President of Sri Lanka (1994–2005)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Sirimavo Bandaranaike
       Sirimavo Bandaranaike
       Sirimavo Ratwatte Dias Bandaranaike was a Sri Lankan politician and the world's first female head of government...
       
       , Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (1994–2000)
    2. Ratnasiri Wickremanayake
       Ratnasiri Wickremanayake
       Ratnasiri Wickremanayake MP is a Sri Lankan politician who was Prime Minister of Sri Lanka from 2000 to 2001 and again from 2005 to 2010. He is currently a National List member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka....
       
       , Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (2000–2001)
•  Syria -
  • President -
    1. Hafez al-Assad
       Hafez al-Assad
       Hafez ibn 'Ali ibn Sulayman al-Assad or more commonly Hafez al-Assad was the President of Syria for three decades. Assad's rule consolidated the power of the central government after decades of coups and counter-coups, such as Operation Wappen in 1957 conducted by the Eisenhower administration and...
       
       , President of Syria (1971–2000)
    2. Abdul Halim Khaddam
       Abdul Halim Khaddam
       Abdul Halim Khaddam is a Syrian politician who was Vice President of Syria from 1984 to 2005.-Early life and career:Abdul Halim Khaddam was born on 15 September 1932 in Baniyas, Syria. Abdul Halim was one of the few Sunni Muslims to make it to the top of the Alawite-dominated Syrian leadership...
       
       , Acting President of Syria (2000)
    3. Bashar al-Assad
       Bashar al-Assad
       Bashar al-Assad is the President of Syria and Regional Secretary of the Ba'ath Party. His father Hafez al-Assad ruled Syria for 29 years until his death in 2000. Al-Assad was elected in 2000, re-elected in 2007, unopposed each time.- Early Life :...
       
       , President of Syria (2000–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Mahmoud Zuabi
       Mahmoud Zuabi
       Mahmoud Zuabi was Syria's Prime Minister from November 1, 1987 until March 7, 2000.- Early life :...
       
       , Prime Minister of Syria (1987–2000)
    2. Muhammad Mustafa Mero
       Muhammad Mustafa Mero
       Muhammad Mustafa Mero is a former Prime Minister of Syria who held the post between 2000 and 2003.-Early life, education and career:...
       
       , Prime Minister of Syria (2000–2003)
• '
  • President -
    1. Lee Teng-hui
       Lee Teng-hui
       Lee Teng-hui is a politician of the Republic of China . He was the 7th, 8th, and 9th-term President of the Republic of China and Chairman of the Kuomintang from 1988 to 2000. He presided over major advancements in democratic reforms including his own re-election which marked the first direct...
       
       , President of the Republic of China
       President of the Republic of China
       The President of the Republic of China is the head of state and commander-in-chief of the Republic of China . The Republic of China was founded on January 1, 1912, to govern all of China...
       
        (1988–2000)
    2. Chen Shui-bian
       Chen Shui-bian
       Chen Shui-bian is a former Taiwanese politician who was the 10th and 11th-term President of the Republic of China from 2000 to 2008. Chen, whose Democratic Progressive Party has traditionally been supportive of Taiwan independence, ended more than fifty years of Kuomintang rule in Taiwan...
       
       , President of the Republic of China
       President of the Republic of China
       The President of the Republic of China is the head of state and commander-in-chief of the Republic of China . The Republic of China was founded on January 1, 1912, to govern all of China...
       
        (2000–2008)
  • Premier -
    1. Vincent Siew
       Vincent Siew
       Vincent C. Siew Wan-chang is the incumbent Vice President of the Republic of China. He was the first Taiwanese-born Premier of the Republic of China and former vice-chairman of the Kuomintang .-Biography:...
       
       , President of the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China
       Premier of the Republic of China
       The President of the Executive Yuan , commonly known as the Premier of the Republic of China , is the head of the Executive Yuan, the executive branch of the Republic of China , which currently administers Taiwan, Matsu, and Kinmen. The premier is appointed by the President of the Republic of China...
       
        (1997–2000)
    2. Tang Fei
       Tang Fei
       Tang Fei is a retired ROC Air Force General and the Premier of the Republic of China between May 20 and October 6, 2000 under the Chen Shui-bian Government, even though he was a member of the Kuomintang during his tenure as premier.-Biography:...
       
       , President of the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China
       Premier of the Republic of China
       The President of the Executive Yuan , commonly known as the Premier of the Republic of China , is the head of the Executive Yuan, the executive branch of the Republic of China , which currently administers Taiwan, Matsu, and Kinmen. The premier is appointed by the President of the Republic of China...
       
        (2000)
    3. Chang Chun-hsiung
       Chang Chun-hsiung
       Chang Chun-hsiung , born March 23, 1938, a politician in Taiwan, is a former Premier of the Republic of China. Chang was appointed to two separate terms as Premier, both under Chen Shui-bian...
       
       , President of the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China
       Premier of the Republic of China
       The President of the Executive Yuan , commonly known as the Premier of the Republic of China , is the head of the Executive Yuan, the executive branch of the Republic of China , which currently administers Taiwan, Matsu, and Kinmen. The premier is appointed by the President of the Republic of China...
       
        (2000–2002)
•  Tajikistan
  • President - Imamoli Rakhmanov, President of Tajikistan (1992–present)
  • Prime Minister - Oqil Oqilov, Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1999–present)
•  Thailand
  • Monarch - Bhumibol Adulyadej
    Bhumibol Adulyadej
    Bhumibol Adulyadej is the current King of Thailand. He is known as Rama IX...
    
    , King of Thailand (1946–present)
  • Prime Minister - Chuan Leekpai
    Chuan Leekpai
    Chuan Leekpai was the Prime Minister of Thailand from September 20, 1992 to May 19, 1995 and again from November 9, 1997 to February 9, 2001. A third-generation Thai Chinese, Chuan was born in Trang province in a grass-roofed house. The walls of his family's house were woven from strips of...
    
    , Prime Minister of Thailand (1997–2001)
•  Turkey
  • President -
    1. Süleyman Demirel
       Süleyman Demirel
       Sami Süleyman Gündoğdu Demirel, better known as Süleyman Demirel , is a Turkish politician who served as Prime Minister seven times and was the ninth President of Turkey.-Life:Demirel was born in İslamköy, a town in Isparta Province...
       
       , President of Turkey, (1993–2000)
    2. Ahmet Necdet Sezer
       Ahmet Necdet Sezer
       - External links :* , Presidency of the Republic of Turkey...
       
       , President of Turkey (2000–2007)
  • Prime Minister - Bülent Ecevit
    Bülent Ecevit
    Mustafa Bülent Ecevit was a Turkish politician, poet, writer and journalist, who was the leader of Republican People's Party , later of the Democratic Left Party and four-time Prime Minister of Turkey.- Personal life :...
    
    , Prime Minister of Turkey (1999–2002)
•  Turkmenistan
  • President - Saparmurat Niyazov
    Saparmurat Niyazov
    Saparmurat Atayevich Niyazov; , was a Turkmen politician who served as President of Turkmenistan from 2 November 1990 until his death in 2006...
    
    , President for Life of Turkmenistan
    President of Turkmenistan
    -First Secretaries of the Turkmen Communist Party:*Ivan Mezhlauk *Shaymardan Ibragimov *Nikolay Paskutsky *Grigory Aronshtam...
    
     (1990–2006)
•  United Arab Emirates
  • President - Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates
    President of the United Arab Emirates
    The President is the Head of State of the United Arab Emirates. Because the current ruler of Abu Dhabi customarily also holds the presidency of the UAE, the office is de facto hereditary. The President is also Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces and Chairman of the Supreme Council and...
    
     (1976–2004)
  • Prime Minister - Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum
    Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum
    Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum , also referred to as Sheikh Maktoum was the Vice President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates and the emir of Dubai.-Biography:...
    
    , Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1990–2006)
•  Uzbekistan -
  • President - Islam Karimov, President of Uzbekistan
    President of Uzbekistan
    President of the Republic of Uzbekistan is the Head of State and executive authority in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The office of President was established in 1991 replacing the position of First secretary of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan that has existed since 1925 while the country was known...
    
     (1990–present)
  • Prime Minister - O‘tkir Sultonov, Prime Minister of Uzbekistan
    Prime Minister of Uzbekistan
    According to the Constitution of Uzbekistan, the Prime Minister of Uzbekistan and the deputy ministers are appointed by the President.-Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars:*Fayzulla Khodzhayev...
    
     (1995–2003)
•  Vietnam
  • Communist Party Leader - Lê Khả Phiêu, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam
    General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam
    The General Secretary is the leader of the Communist Party of Vietnam. The activities of Politburo and Secretariat are directed by the General Secretary. The post holder also maintains the top position in the Party's Central Military Commission, which is considered the supreme military...
    
     (1997–2001)
  • President - Trần Đức Lương, President of Vietnam
    President of Vietnam
    The President of Vietnam is the head of state of Vietnam, although the functions of the President are often ceremonial...
    
     (1997–2006)
  • Prime Minister - Phan Văn Khải, Prime Minister of Vietnam
    Prime Minister of Vietnam
    -Office:The Prime Minister of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is the head of the executive branch of the Vietnamese government. The Prime Minister presides over the Vietnamese cabinet, and is responsible for appointing and supervising ministers...
    
     (1997–2006)
•  Yemen
  • President - Ali Abdullah Saleh
    Ali Abdullah Saleh
    Field Marshal Ali Abdullah Saleh is the first President of the Republic of Yemen. Saleh previously served as President of the Yemen Arab Republic from 1978 until 1990, at which time he assumed the office of chairman of the Presidential Council of a post-unification Yemen. He is the...
    
    , President of Yemen
    President of Yemen
    The President of the Republic of Yemen is the head of state of Yemen.Under the Constitution of Yemen, the president is also the supreme commander of the armed forces and head of the executive branch of the Yemeni government....
    
     (1978–present)
  • Prime Minister - Abd al-Karim al-Iryani, Prime Minister of Yemen
    Prime Minister of Yemen
    The Prime Minister of the Republic of Yemen is the head of government in that country. The current Prime Minister, Ali Muhammad Mujawar, has held the position since 7 April 2007. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President...
    
     (1998–2001)

Europe

•  Albania -
  • President - Rexhep Meidani
    Rexhep Meidani
    is an Albanian politician. He graduated from the University of Tirana , Faculty of Natural Sciences, Branch Physics, as well as successfully accomplished the postgraduate studies in the University of Caen...
    
    , President of Albania (1997–2002)
  • Prime Minister - Ilir Meta
    Ilir Meta
    Ilir Rexhep Meta is an Albanian politician. He is the current Deputy Prime Minister. He was Prime Minister of Albania from 1999 to 2002 and has been Foreign minister twice since then.- Studies :...
    
    , Prime Minister of Albania (1999–2002)
•  Andorra
  • Monarchs
    • French Co-Prince - Jacques Chirac
      Jacques Chirac
      Jacques René Chirac is a French politician who served as President of France from 1995 to 2007. He previously served as Prime Minister of France from 1974 to 1976 and from 1986 to 1988 , and as Mayor of Paris from 1977 to 1995.After completing his studies of the DEA's degree at the...
      
      , French Co-Prince of Andorra (1995–2007)
    • Episcopal Co-Prince - Joan Martí i Alanis, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1971–2003)
  • Prime Minister - Marc Forné Molné
    Marc Forné Molné
    Marc Forné i Molné was the Head of Government of Andorra from 7 December 1994 to 27 May 2005. After 2 full terms, he was succeeded by Albert Pintat after he won the April 2005 election...
    
    , Head of Government of Andorra
    Head of Government of Andorra
    The Head of Government is the chief executive of the government of the Principality of Andorra.The current Cap de Govern is Antoni Martí.-Heads of Government:-See also:*List of Co-Princes of Andorra...
    
     (1994–2005)
•  Armenia
  • President - Robert Kocharyan, President of Armenia
    President of Armenia
    President of Armenia is the title of the head of state of Armenia since its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.-Democratic Republic of Armenia :*Avetis Aharonyan *Avetik Sahakyan *Avetis Aharonyan -Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and Armenian...
    
     (1998–2008)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Aram Sargsyan, Prime Minister of Armenia
       Prime Minister of Armenia
       The Prime Minister of Armenia is the most senior minister within the Armenian government, and is required by the constitution to "oversee the Government's regular activities and coordinate the work of the Ministers." The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Armenia, but can be removed by...
       
        (1999–2000)
    2. Robert Kocharyan, Acting Prime Minister of Armenia
       Prime Minister of Armenia
       The Prime Minister of Armenia is the most senior minister within the Armenian government, and is required by the constitution to "oversee the Government's regular activities and coordinate the work of the Ministers." The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Armenia, but can be removed by...
       
        (2000)
    3. Andranik Margaryan, Prime Minister of Armenia
       Prime Minister of Armenia
       The Prime Minister of Armenia is the most senior minister within the Armenian government, and is required by the constitution to "oversee the Government's regular activities and coordinate the work of the Ministers." The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Armenia, but can be removed by...
       
        (2000–2007)
•  Austria -
  • President - Thomas Klestil
    Thomas Klestil
    Thomas Klestil was an Austrian diplomat and politician. He was elected the tenth President of Austria in 1992 and was re-elected to the position in 1998...
    
    , Federal President of Austria
    President of Austria
    The President of Austria is the federal head of state of Austria. Though theoretically entrusted with great power by the constitution, in practice the President acts, for the most part, merely as a ceremonial figurehead...
    
     (1992–2004)
  • Chancellor -
    1. Viktor Klima
       Viktor Klima
       Viktor Klima is an Austrian Social Democrat politician and businessman. He was chancellor of Austria from 1997 to 2000.-Early career:...
       
       , Federal Chancellor of Austria
       Chancellor of Austria
       The Federal Chancellor is the head of government in Austria. Its deputy is the Vice-Chancellor. Before 1918, the equivalent office was the Minister-President of Austria. The Federal Chancellor is considered to be the most powerful political position in Austrian politics.-Appointment:The...
       
        (1997–2000)
    2. Wolfgang Schüssel
       Wolfgang Schüssel
       Wolfgang Schüssel is an Austrian People's Party politician. He was Chancellor of Austria for two consecutive terms from February 2000 to January 2007...
       
       , Federal Chancellor of Austria
       Chancellor of Austria
       The Federal Chancellor is the head of government in Austria. Its deputy is the Vice-Chancellor. Before 1918, the equivalent office was the Minister-President of Austria. The Federal Chancellor is considered to be the most powerful political position in Austrian politics.-Appointment:The...
       
        (2000–2007)
•  Azerbaijan
  • President - Heydar Aliyev
    Heydar Aliyev
    Heydar Alirza oglu Aliyev , also spelled as Heidar Aliev, Geidar Aliev, Haydar Aliyev, Geydar Aliyev was the third President of Azerbaijan for the New Azerbaijan Party from June 1993 to October 2003, when his son Ilham Aliyev succeeded him.From 1969 till 1982, Aliyev was also the leader of Soviet...
    
    , President of Azerbaijan
    President of Azerbaijan
    The country of Azerbaijan is a presidential republic, with the President of Azerbaijan as the head of state, and the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan as head of government...
    
     (1993–2003)
  • Prime Minister - Artur Rasizade
    Artur Rasizade
    Artur Tahir oğlu Rasizada , often spelled as Artur Rasizade , is the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan. Rasizada was a long-time Communist Party member during the Azerbaijan SSR period...
    
    , Prime Minister of Azerbaijan
    Prime Minister of Azerbaijan
    The Prime Minister of Azerbaijan is the head of government of Azerbaijan. The current prime minister is Artur Rasizade.-Prime Ministers:* Fath Ali Khan Khoyski * Nasib Yusifbeyli...
    
     (1996–2003)
  •  Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (unrecognized, secessionist state)
    • President - Arkadi Ghukasyan, President of Nagorno-Karabakh
      President of Nagorno-Karabakh
      -Chairmen of Parliament :-Presidents :-Latest election:-See also:*Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic...
      
       (1997–2007)
    • Prime Minister - Anushavan Danielyan
      Anushavan Danielyan
      Anushavan Danielyan was Prime Minister of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic from June 1999 through September 2007. He was succeeded by Ara Harutyunyan...
      
      , Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh
      Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh
      -List of Prime Ministers of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic :-See also:*President of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic...
      
       (1999–2007)
•  Belarus -
  • President - Alexander Lukashenko
    Alexander Lukashenko
    Alexander Grigoryevich Lukashenko has been serving as the President of Belarus since 20 July 1994. Before his career as a politician, Lukashenko worked as director of a state-owned agricultural farm. Under Lukashenko's rule, Belarus has come to be viewed as a state whose conduct is out of line...
    
    , President of Belarus (1994–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Syargey Ling, Prime Minister of Belarus (1997–2000)
    2. Vladimir Yermoshin
       Vladimir Yermoshin
       Vladimir Yermoshin was Prime Minister of Belarus from 18 February 2000 to 1 October 2001.-References:...
       
       , Prime Minister of Belarus (2000–2001)
•  Belgium
  • Monarch - Albert II
    Albert II of Belgium
    Albert II is the current reigning King of the Belgians, a constitutional monarch. He is a member of the royal house "of Belgium"; formerly this house was named Saxe-Coburg-Gotha...
    
    , King of the Belgians (1993–present)
  • Prime Minister - Guy Verhofstadt
    Guy Verhofstadt
    Guy Verhofstadt is a Belgian politician who was the 47th Prime Minister of Belgium from 1999 to 2008. He is currently a Member of the European Parliament and leader of the Group of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.- Early career :...
    
    , Prime Minister of Belgium (1999–2008)
•  Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Head of State - Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
    Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
    The Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the head of state of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-Overview:...
    
    
    • Serb member - Živko Radišić
      Živko Radišic
      Živko Radišić is a Bosnian Serb politician and former Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina....
      
       (1998–2002), Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
      Chairmen of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
      The following is a list of Chairmen of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina:-See also:...
      
       (2000–2001)
    • Bosniak member -
      1. Alija Izetbegović
         Alija Izetbegovic
         Alija Izetbegović was a Bosniak activist, lawyer, author, philosopher and politician, who, in 1990, became the first president of Bosnia and Herzegovina. He served in this role until 1996, when he became a member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, serving until 2000...
         
          (1996–2000), Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
         Chairmen of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
         The following is a list of Chairmen of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina:-See also:...
         
          (2000)
      2. Halid Genjac (2000–2001)
    • Croat member - Ante Jelavić
      Ante Jelavic
      Ante Jelavić is a Croat politician and former Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina.Jelavić was born in 1963 in Podprolog, Vrgorac, Croatia, then Yugoslavia, and was elected to the post as a candidate of the Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina.Ante Jelavić served as...
      
       (1998–2001), Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
      Chairmen of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
      The following is a list of Chairmen of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina:-See also:...
      
       (1999–2000)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Haris Silajdžić
       Haris Silajdžic
       Haris Silajdžić is a Bosnian politician and academic. In the 2006 elections, Silajdžić was elected as the Bosniak member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina for four years in the rotating presidency.He was born in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Yugoslavia.- Political career:From 1990...
       
        and Svetozar Mihajlović, Co-Prime Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina
       Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina
       The following is a list of Chairmen of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina:...
       
        (1999–2000)
    2. Spasoje Tuševljak, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina
       Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina
       The following is a list of Chairmen of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina:...
       
        (2000)
    3. Martin Raguž, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina
       Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina
       The following is a list of Chairmen of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina:...
       
        (2000–2001)
  • High Representative - Wolfgang Petritsch
    Wolfgang Petritsch
    Wolfgang Petritsch is an Austrian diplomat of Slovene ethnicity. He was born to a Carinthian Slovene family in Klagenfurt and spent his childhood in a partially Slovene, partially German-speaking environment. He has a PhD from the University of Vienna and was a Fulbright Scholar at the University...
    
    , High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina
    High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina
    The High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina, with the Office of the High Representative in Bosnia and Herzegovina, was created in 1995 immediately after the Dayton Peace Agreement to oversee the civilian implementation of this agreement. The High Representative and the OHR represent the...
    
     (1999–2002)
•  Kingdom of Bulgaria
  • President - Petar Stoyanov
    Petar Stoyanov
    Petar Stefanov Stoyanov is a former President of Bulgaria from 1997 until 2002. He was elected as a candidate of the Union of Democratic Forces...
    
    , President of Bulgaria (1997–2002)
  • Prime Minister - Ivan Kostov
    Ivan Kostov
    Ivan Yordanov Kostov was Prime Minister of Bulgaria from May 1997 to July 2001 and leader of the Union of Democratic Forces between December 1994 and July 2001....
    
    , Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1997–2001)
•  Independent State of Croatia
  • President -
    1. Vlatko Pavletić
       Vlatko Pavletic
       Vlatko Pavletić was a Croatian politician, university professor, literature critic and essayist.Pavletić was born in Zagreb in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. In 1955, he graduated from the Faculty of Philosophy in Zagreb, where he majored in Croatian language and literature...
       
       , Acting President of Croatia
       President of Croatia
       The President of Croatia , officially styled the President of the Republic represents the Republic of Croatia in the country and abroad as the head of state, maintains the regular and coordinated operation and stability of the national government system, and safeguards the independence and...
       
        (1999–2000)
    2. Zlatko Tomčić
       Zlatko Tomcic
       Zlatko Tomčić is a Croatian politician, former leader of the Croatian Peasant Party and a representative in the Croatian Parliament.-Political background:...
       
       , Acting President of Croatia
       President of Croatia
       The President of Croatia , officially styled the President of the Republic represents the Republic of Croatia in the country and abroad as the head of state, maintains the regular and coordinated operation and stability of the national government system, and safeguards the independence and...
       
        (2000)
    3. Stjepan Mesić
       Stjepan Mesić
       Stjepan "Stipe" Mesić is a Croatian politician and former President of Croatia. Before his ten-year presidential term between 2000 and 2010 he held the posts of Speaker of the Croatian Parliament , Prime Minister of Croatia , the last President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia , Secretary General...
       
       , President of Croatia
       President of Croatia
       The President of Croatia , officially styled the President of the Republic represents the Republic of Croatia in the country and abroad as the head of state, maintains the regular and coordinated operation and stability of the national government system, and safeguards the independence and...
       
        (2000–2010)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Zlatko Mateša
       Zlatko Mateša
       Zlatko Mateša was the Prime Minister of Croatia from late 1995 until 31 January 2000. He is a member of the Croatian Democratic Union....
       
       , President of the Government of Croatia (1995–2000)
    2. Ivica Račan
       Ivica Racan
       Ivica Račan was a Croatian career politician, leader of the League of Communists of Croatia and later Social Democratic Party from 1989 to 2007...
       
       , President of the Government of Croatia (2000–2003)
•  Cyprus
  • President - Glafcos Clerides, President of Cyprus (1993–2003)
  •  Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (unrecognized, secessionist state)
    • President - Rauf Denktaş
      Rauf Denktas
      Rauf Raif Denktaş is the founder and the first president of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus , a de facto state which is only recognized by Turkey...
      
      , President of Northern Cyprus
      President of Northern Cyprus
      The President of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is the head of state of the TRNC. Rauf Denktaş was the first and founder president of TRNC, and retired in 2005. His position was taken over by Mehmet Ali Talat, followed by the current president, Derviş Eroğlu.In the Turkish Republic of...
      
       (1975–2005)
    • Prime Minister - Derviş Eroğlu
      Dervis Eroglu
      Dr. Derviş Eroğlu is the President of the unrecognized Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. He was Prime Minister of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus from 1985 to 1994 and from 1996 to 2004, and leader of the National Unity Party. His party won the general elections in 2009 and Eroğlu...
      
      , Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus
      Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus
      The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President is head of state and the Prime Minister head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative...
      
       (1996–2004)
•  Czech Republic -
  • President - Václav Havel
    Václav Havel
    Václav Havel is a Czech playwright, essayist, poet, dissident and politician. He was the tenth and last President of Czechoslovakia and the first President of the Czech Republic . He has written over twenty plays and numerous non-fiction works, translated internationally...
    
    , President of the Czech Republic (1993–2003)
  • Prime Minister - Miloš Zeman
    Miloš Zeman
    Miloš Zeman is a well-known Czech politician. He was a member and leader of the Czech Social Democratic Party, former speaker of the chamber of deputies from 1996 until 1998, and the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic from 1998 until 2002. He was a frequent rival of Václav Klaus...
    
    , Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (1998–2002) Denmark
    Kingdom of Denmark
    The Kingdom of Denmark or the Danish Realm , is a constitutional monarchy and sovereign state consisting of Denmark proper in northern Europe and two autonomous constituent countries, the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic and Greenland in North America. Denmark is the hegemonial part, where the...
    
    
  • Monarch - Margrethe II
    Margrethe II of Denmark
    Margrethe II is the Queen regnant of the Kingdom of Denmark. In 1972 she became the first female monarch of Denmark since Margaret I, ruler of the Scandinavian countries in 1375-1412 during the Kalmar Union.-Early life:...
    
    , Queen of Denmark (1972–present)
  • Prime Minister - Poul Nyrup Rasmussen
    Poul Nyrup Rasmussen
    Poul Nyrup Rasmussen , informally Poul Nyrup, born 15 June 1943), was Prime Minister of Denmark from 25 January 1993 to 27 November 2001 and is currently President of the Party of European Socialists . He was the leader of the governing Social Democrats from 1992 to 2002...
    
    , Prime Minister of Denmark (1993–2001)
•  Estonia -
  • President - Lennart Meri
    Lennart Meri
    Lennart Georg Meri was a writer, film director and statesman who served as the second President of Estonia from 1992 to 2001. Meri was a leader of the Estonian independence movement.-Early life:...
    
    , President of Estonia
    President of Estonia
    The President of the Republic is the head of state of the Republic of Estonia.Estonia is a parliamentary republic, therefore President is mainly a symbolic figure and holds no executive power. The President has to suspend his membership in any political party for his term in office...
    
     (1992–2001)
  • Prime Minister - Mart Laar
    Mart Laar
    Mart Laar is an Estonian statesman, historian and a founding member of the Foundation for the Investigation of Communist Crimes. He was the Prime Minister of Estonia from 1992 to 1994 and from 1999 to 2002, and is the leader of the conservative party Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica...
    
    , Prime Minister of Estonia
    Prime Minister of Estonia
    The Prime Minister of Estonia is the head of government of the Republic of Estonia. The prime minister is nominated by the President after appropriate consultations with the parliamentary factions and confirmed by the Parliament. In case of disagreement, the Parliament can reject the President's...
    
     (1999–2002)
•  Finland
  • President -
    1. Martti Ahtisaari
       Martti Ahtisaari
       Martti Oiva Kalevi Ahtisaari is a Finnish politician, the tenth President of Finland , Nobel Peace Prize laureate and United Nations diplomat and mediator, noted for his international peace work....
       
       , President of Finland
       President of Finland
       The President of the Republic of Finland is the nation's head of state. Under the Finnish constitution, executive power is vested in the President and the government, with the President possessing extensive powers. The President is elected directly by the people of Finland for a term of six years....
       
       , (1994–2000)
    2. Tarja Halonen
       Tarja Halonen
       Tarja Kaarina Halonen is the incumbent President of Finland. The first female to hold the office, Halonen had previously been a member of the parliament from 1979 to 2000 when she resigned after her election to the presidency...
       
       , President of Finland
       President of Finland
       The President of the Republic of Finland is the nation's head of state. Under the Finnish constitution, executive power is vested in the President and the government, with the President possessing extensive powers. The President is elected directly by the people of Finland for a term of six years....
       
       , (2000–present)
  • Prime Minister - Paavo Lipponen
    Paavo Lipponen
    Paavo Tapio Lipponen is a Finnish politician and former reporter. He was Prime Minister of Finland from 1995 to 2003, and Chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Finland from 1993 to 2005...
    
    , Prime Minister of Finland
    Prime Minister of Finland
    The Prime Minister is the Head of Government of Finland. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President, who is the Head of State. The current Prime Minister is Jyrki Katainen of the National Coalition Party.-Overview:...
    
    , (1995–2003)
•  Early Modern France -
  • President - Jacques Chirac
    Jacques Chirac
    Jacques René Chirac is a French politician who served as President of France from 1995 to 2007. He previously served as Prime Minister of France from 1974 to 1976 and from 1986 to 1988 , and as Mayor of Paris from 1977 to 1995.After completing his studies of the DEA's degree at the...
    
    , President of France (1995–2007)
  • Prime Minister - Lionel Jospin
    Lionel Jospin
    Lionel Jospin is a French politician, who served as Prime Minister of France from 1997 to 2002.Jospin was the Socialist Party candidate for President of France in the elections of 1995 and 2002. He was narrowly defeated in the final runoff election by Jacques Chirac in 1995...
    
    , Prime Minister of France
    Prime Minister of France
    The Prime Minister of France in the Fifth Republic is the head of government and of the Council of Ministers of France. The head of state is the President of the French Republic...
    
     (1997–2002)
•  Georgia (country)
  • President - Eduard Shevardnadze
    Eduard Shevardnadze
    Eduard Shevardnadze is a former Soviet, and later, Georgian statesman from the height to the end of the Cold War. He served as President of Georgia from 1995 to 2003, and as First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party , from 1972 to 1985. Shevardnadze was responsible for many top decisions on...
    
    , President of Georgia
    President of Georgia
    The President of Georgia is the head of state, supreme commander-in-chief and holder of the highest office within the Government of Georgia. Executive power is split between the President and the Prime Minister, who is the head of government...
    
     (1995–2003)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Vazha Lortkipanidze
       Vazha Lortkipanidze
       Vazha Lortkipanidze is a Georgian politician and statesman, former Prime Minister of Georgia and Ambassador of Georgia to Russia, member of the Parliament of Georgia.-Early years:Lortkipanidze was born on November 29, 1949 in Tbilisi, Georgia...
       
       , Minister of State of Georgia
       Prime Minister of Georgia
       The Prime Minister of Georgia is the most senior minister within the Cabinet of Georgia, appointed by the President of Georgia. The official title of the Head of the Government of Georgia has varied throughout history, however, the duties and functions of the leader have changed only marginally....
       
        (1998–2000)
    2. Giorgi Arsenishvili
       Giorgi Arsenishvili
       Giorgi Arsenisvhvili served as Minister of State of Georgia from 2000 to 2001.-Career:Before entering politics, Arsenishvili was a member of the faculty at his alma mater, Tbilisi State University. Following his time as Minister of State, he as served as Ambassador to Austria, Hungary, Slovenia,...
       
       , Minister of State of Georgia
       Prime Minister of Georgia
       The Prime Minister of Georgia is the most senior minister within the Cabinet of Georgia, appointed by the President of Georgia. The official title of the Head of the Government of Georgia has varied throughout history, however, the duties and functions of the leader have changed only marginally....
       
        (2000–2001)
  •  Abkhazia (unrecognized secessionist state)
    • President - Vladislav Ardzinba
      Vladislav Ardzinba
      Vladislav Grigori-ipa Ardzinba was the first President of Abkhazia. A historian by education, Ardzinba led Abkhazia to de facto independence in the 1992-1993 War with Georgia, but its de jure independence from Georgia remained internationally unrecognised during Ardzinba's two terms as President...
      
      , President of Abkhazia (1990–2005)
    • Prime Minister - Viacheslav Tsugba, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (1999–2001)
  •  South Ossetia (unrecognized secessionist state)
    • President - Lyudvig Chibirov, President of South Ossetia
      President of South Ossetia
      The President of the Republic of South Ossetia is the de facto head of state of the partially recognized Republic of South Ossetia that is de jure part of Georgia...
      
       (1993–2001)
    • Prime Minister - Merab Chigoev
      Merab Chigoev
      Merab Ilyich Chigoev is a South Ossetian politician and former Prime Minister, from August 1998 until June 2001. He was also Minister of Justice in Yury Morozov's cabinet.Chigoev graduated from the Lomonosov Moscow State University in 1973....
      
      , Prime Minister of South Ossetia
      Prime Minister of South Ossetia
      The Prime Minister of South Ossetia is the head of government of the Republic of South Ossetia.-List of Prime Ministers of the Republic of South Ossetia :-Sources: * Osinform:...
      
       (1998–2001)
•  Germany -
  • President - Johannes Rau
    Johannes Rau
    Johannes Rau was a German politician of the SPD. He was President of Germany from 1 July 1999 until 30 June 2004, and Minister-President of North Rhine-Westphalia from 1978 to 1998.-Education and work:...
    
    , Federal President of Germany
    President of Germany
    The President of the Federal Republic of Germany is the country's head of state. His official title in German is Bundespräsident . Germany has a parliamentary system of government and so the position of President is largely ceremonial...
    
     (1999–2004)
  • Chancellor - Gerhard Schröder
    Gerhard Schröder
    Gerhard Fritz Kurt Schröder is a German politician, and was Chancellor of Germany from 1998 to 2005. A member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany , he led a coalition government of the SPD and the Greens. Before becoming a full-time politician, he was a lawyer, and before becoming Chancellor...
    
    , Federal Chancellor of Germany (1998–2005)
•  Greece
  • President - Konstantinos Stephanopoulos, President of Greece
    President of Greece
    The President of the Hellenic Republic , colloquially referred to in English as the President of Greece, is the head of state of Greece. The office of the President of the Republic was established after the Greek republic referendum, 1974 and formally by the Constitution of Greece in 1975. The...
    
     (1995–2005)
  • Prime Minister - Costas Simitis
    Costas Simitis
    Konstantinos Simitis , usually referred to as Costas Simitis or Kostas Simitis, was Prime Minister of Greece and leader of the Panhellenic Socialist Movement from 1996 to 2004.- Biography :...
    
    , Prime Minister of Greece
    Prime Minister of Greece
    The Prime Minister of Greece , officially the Prime Minister of the Hellenic Republic , is the head of government of the Hellenic Republic and the leader of the Greek cabinet. The current interim Prime Minister is Lucas Papademos, a former Vice President of the European Central Bank, following...
    
     (1996–2004)
•  Hungary
  • President -
    1. Árpád Göncz
       Árpád Göncz
       Árpád Göncz is a Hungarian liberal politician and former President of Hungary . Göncz played a role in the Hungarian Revolution of 1956...
       
       , President of Hungary (1990–2000)
    2. Ferenc Mádl
       Ferenc Mádl
       Ferenc Mádl was the second President of the third Republic of Hungary, having served from 4 August 2000 to 5 August 2005.-University studies and scientific activities:...
       
       , President of Hungary (2000–2005)
  • Prime Minister - Viktor Orbán
    Viktor Orbán
    Viktor Orbán is a Hungarian populist and conservative politician and current Prime Minister of Hungary...
    
    , Prime Minister of Hungary (1998–2002)
•  Iceland
  • President - Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson
    Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson
    Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson is the fifth and current President of Iceland. He has served as President since 1996; he was unopposed in 2000, re-elected for a third term in 2004, and re-elected unopposed for a fourth term in 2008. He is the longest-serving left-wing president in the history of...
    
    , President of Iceland (1996–present)
  • Prime Minister - Davíð Oddsson
    Davíð Oddsson
    Davíð Oddsson is an Icelandic politician and the longest-serving Prime Minister of Iceland, holding office from 1991 to 2004. He also served as Foreign Minister from 2004 to 2005. Previously, he was Mayor of Reykjavík from 1982 to 1991, and he chaired the board of governors of the Central Bank of...
    
    , Prime Minister of Iceland (1991–2004)
•  Republic of Ireland -
  • President - Mary McAleese
    Mary McAleese
    Mary Patricia McAleese served as the eighth President of Ireland from 1997 to 2011. She was the second female president and was first elected in 1997 succeeding Mary Robinson, making McAleese the world's first woman to succeed another as president. She was re-elected unopposed for a second term in...
    
    , President of Ireland
    President of Ireland
    The President of Ireland is the head of state of Ireland. The President is usually directly elected by the people for seven years, and can be elected for a maximum of two terms. The presidency is largely a ceremonial office, but the President does exercise certain limited powers with absolute...
    
     (1997–2011)
  • Prime Minister - Bertie Ahern
    Bertie Ahern
    Patrick Bartholomew "Bertie" Ahern is a former Irish politician who served as Taoiseach of Ireland from 26 June 1997 to 7 May 2008....
    
    , Taoiseach of Ireland
    Taoiseach
    The Taoiseach is the head of government or prime minister of Ireland. The Taoiseach is appointed by the President upon the nomination of Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Oireachtas , and must, in order to remain in office, retain the support of a majority in the Dáil.The current Taoiseach is...
    
     (1997–2008)
•  Italy -
  • President - Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
    Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
    dr. Carlo Azeglio Ciampi is an Italian politician and banker. He was the 73rd Prime Minister of Italy from 1993 to 1994 and was the tenth President of the Italian Republic from 1999 to 2006...
    
    , President of Italy (1999–2006)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Massimo D'Alema
       Massimo D'Alema
       Massimo D'Alema is an Italian politician. He is also a journalist and a former national secretary of the Democratic Party of the Left...
       
       , President of the Council of Ministers of Italy
       Prime minister of Italy
       The Prime Minister of Italy is the head of government of the Italian Republic...
       
        (1998–2000)
    2. Giuliano Amato
       Giuliano Amato
       Giuliano Amato is an Italian politician. He was Prime Minister of Italy twice, first from 1992 to 1993 and then from 2000 to 2001. He was more recently Vice President of the Convention on the Future of Europe that drafted the new European Constitution and headed the Amato Group. He is commonly...
       
       , President of the Council of Ministers of Italyr
       Prime minister of Italy
       The Prime Minister of Italy is the head of government of the Italian Republic...
       
        (2000–2001)
•  Latvia
  • President - Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga
    Vaira Vike-Freiberga
    Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga was the sixth President of Latvia, the first female President of Latvia and the first female leader in eastern Europe. She was elected President of Latvia in 1999 and re-elected in 2003.Dr...
    
    , President of Latvia (1999–2007)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Andris Šķēle
       Andris Škele
       Andris Šķēle is a Latvian politician and Business oligarch. He has served two terms as Prime Minister of Latvia from 21 December 1995 to 7 August 1997, and from 16 July 1999 to 5 May 2000....
       
       , Prime Minister of Latvia
       Prime Minister of Latvia
       The Prime Minister of Latvia is the most powerful member of the Government of the Republic of Latvia, and presides over the Latvian Cabinet of Ministers...
       
        (1999–2000)
    2. Andris Bērziņš, Prime Minister of Latvia
       Prime Minister of Latvia
       The Prime Minister of Latvia is the most powerful member of the Government of the Republic of Latvia, and presides over the Latvian Cabinet of Ministers...
       
        (2000–2002)
•  Liechtenstein
  • Monarch - Hans Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1989–present)
  • Prime Minister - Mario Frick, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1993–2001)
•  Lithuania
  • President - Valdas Adamkus
    Valdas Adamkus
    Valdas Adamkus was President of Lithuania from 1998 to 2003 and again from 2004 to 2009.In Lithuania, the President's tenure lasts for five years; Adamkus' first term in office began on February 26, 1998 and ended on February 28, 2003, following his defeat by Rolandas Paksas in the next...
    
    , President of Lithuania (1998–2003)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Andrius Kubilius
       Andrius Kubilius
       Andrius Kubilius is a Lithuanian politician who has been Prime Minister of Lithuania since 2008. He previously served as Prime Minister from 1999 to 2000. He is the leader of the conservative political party Homeland Union – Lithuanian Christian Democrats.- Biography :Kubilius was born at Vilnius...
       
       , Prime Minister of Lithuania
       Prime Minister of Lithuania
       The Prime Minister of Lithuania is the head of the executive arm of Lithuania's government, and is chosen by the Lithuanian parliament, the Seimas. The modern office of Prime Minister was established in 1990, although the official title was "Chairperson of the Council of Ministers" until 25...
       
        (1999–2000)
    2. Rolandas Paksas
       Rolandas Paksas
       Rolandas Paksas is a Lithuanian politician who was President of Lithuania from 2003 to 2004. He was previously Prime Minister of Lithuania in 1999 and again from 2000 to 2001, and he also served as Mayor of Vilnius from 1997 to 1999 and again from 2000 to 2001...
       
       , Prime Minister of Lithuania
       Prime Minister of Lithuania
       The Prime Minister of Lithuania is the head of the executive arm of Lithuania's government, and is chosen by the Lithuanian parliament, the Seimas. The modern office of Prime Minister was established in 1990, although the official title was "Chairperson of the Council of Ministers" until 25...
       
        (2000–2001)
•  Luxembourg
  • Monarch -
    1. Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
       Grand Duke of Luxembourg
       The Grand Duke of Luxembourg is the sovereign monarch and head of state of Luxembourg. Luxembourg has been a grand duchy since 15 March 1815, when it was elevated from a duchy when placed in personal union with the United Kingdom of the Netherlands...
       
        (1964–2000)
    2. Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
       Grand Duke of Luxembourg
       The Grand Duke of Luxembourg is the sovereign monarch and head of state of Luxembourg. Luxembourg has been a grand duchy since 15 March 1815, when it was elevated from a duchy when placed in personal union with the United Kingdom of the Netherlands...
       
        (2000–present)
  • Regent - Henri
    Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
    Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg OIH is the head of state of Luxembourg. He is the eldest son of Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg and Princess Joséphine-Charlotte of Belgium. His maternal grandparents were King Leopold III of Belgium and Astrid of Sweden...
    
    , Lieutenant Representative of Luxembourg (1998–2000)
  • Prime Minister - Jean-Claude Juncker
    Jean-Claude Juncker
    Jean-Claude Juncker is a Luxembourg politician, 23rd and current Prime Minister of Luxembourg, since 20 January 1995. He is the longest standing head of government of any European Union state...
    
    , Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1995–present)
•  Republic of Macedonia -
  • President - Boris Trajkovski
    Boris Trajkovski
    Trajkovski died on 26 February 2004 in a plane crash en route to an economic conference in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aircraft crashed in thick fog and heavy rain on a mountainside in southeastern Herzegovina, near the villages of Huskovici and Rotimlja some eight miles south-south-east...
    
    , President of Macedonia
    President of the Republic of Macedonia
    The President of the Republic of Macedonia is the head of state of the Republic of Macedonia. The institution of the Presidency of the modern Republic of Macedonia began after the Macedonian declaration of independence on 8 September 1991. Its first president was Kiro Gligorov, the oldest president...
    
     (1999–2004)
  • Prime Minister - Ljubčo Georgievski, Prime Minister of Macedonia
    Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia
    The Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia is the head of government of the Republic of Macedonia. He or she is the leader of a political coalition in the Macedonian parliament and the leader of the cabinet...
    
     (1998–2002)
•  Malta
  • President - Guido de Marco
    Guido de Marco
    Guido de Marco was a Maltese politician, who served as the sixth President of Malta from 1999 to 2004. A noted statesman and lawmaker, de Marco also served as Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of the Interior, Justice, and Minister for Foreign Affairs.He is widely regarded as one of the great...
    
    , President of Malta
    President of Malta
    The President of Malta is the constitutional head of state of Malta.The President is appointed by a resolution of the House of Representatives of Malta for a five year term, taking an oath to "preserve, protect and defend" the Constitution....
    
     (1999–2004)
  • Prime Minister - Eddie Fenech Adami
    Eddie Fenech Adami
    Edward “Eddie” Fenech Adami is a Maltese politician who was Prime Minister of Malta from 1987 until 1996 and again from 1998 until 2004...
    
    , Prime Minister of Malta
    Prime Minister of Malta
    The Prime Minister of Malta is the Head of Government of Malta.-Establishment of the office and developments:The office of "Head of Ministry" was created as soon as Malta was granted autonomous government in 1921. The 1921 constitution was suspended twice before being revoked...
    
     (1998–2004)
•  Moldova
  • President - Petru Lucinschi
    Petru Lucinschi
    Petru Chiril Lucinschi was Moldova's second President .- Biography :Petru Chiril Lucinschi was born on January 27, 1940 in Rădulenii Vechi village, Soroca County, Romania...
    
    , President of Moldova
    President of Moldova
    The President of the Republic of Moldova is the head of state of Moldova.-Description of the post:According to the Article 77 of the Constitution of Moldova , the President of Moldova is the head of the State and represents the State and is the guarantor of national sovereignty, independence, of...
    
     (1997–2001)
  • Prime Minister - Dumitru Braghiş
    Dumitru Braghis
    Dumitru Braghiş was the Prime Minister of Moldova from 1999 until 2001. Then, he was a member of the Parliament of Moldova, where he represented the Party Alliance Our Moldova.-Biography:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Moldova
    Prime Minister of Moldova
    The Prime Minister of Moldova is Moldova's head of government. The prime minister is formally appointed by the President and exercises executive power along with the cabinet subject to parliamentary support.-Moldavian Democratic Republic :...
    
     (1999–2001)
  •  Transnistria (unrecognized secessionist state)
    • President - Igor Smirnov
      Igor Smirnov
      Igor Nikolaevich Smirnov , is the President of the internationally unrecognized Pridnestrovian Moldovan Republic, also known as Transnistria. He has held this post since 1990.- Childhood :...
      
      , President of Transnistria
      President of Transnistria
      The President of Transnistria is the highest elected official of Transnistria, a small unrecognized country which declared independence from Moldova in 1990. The president of the republic is the country's head of state and is commander in chief...
      
       (1991–present)
•  Monaco
  • Monarch - Rainier III
    Rainier III, Prince of Monaco
    Rainier III, Prince of Monaco , styled His Serene Highness The Sovereign Prince of Monaco, ruled the Principality of Monaco for almost 56 years, making him one of the longest ruling monarchs of the 20th century.Though he was best known outside of Europe for having married American...
    
    , Prince of Monaco
    Prince of Monaco
    The Reigning Prince or Princess of Monaco is the sovereign monarch and head of state of the Principality of Monaco. All Princes or Princesses thus far have taken the name of the House of Grimaldi, but have belonged to various other houses in male line...
    
     (1949–2005)
  • Head of Government -
    1. Michel Lévêque
       Michel Lévêque
       Michel Lévêque is a former minister of state for Monaco. He was in office from 1997 until 2000. He was born in 1933.-References:...
       
       , Minister of State of Monaco (1997–2000)
    2. Patrick Leclercq
       Patrick Leclercq
       Patrick Leclercq was the Minister of State of Monaco. He was appointed on 5 January 2000, replacing Michel Lévêque. He had previously served as France's consul / ambassador to Spain, Egypt , Montreal , as well as in the Foreign Ministry.Patrick André Leclercq was born in Lille, attended the...
       
       , Minister of State of Monaco (2000–2005)
•  Kingdom of the Netherlands
  • Monarch - Beatrix
    Beatrix of the Netherlands
    Beatrix is the Queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands comprising the Netherlands, Curaçao, Sint Maarten, and Aruba. She is the first daughter of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands and Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld. She studied law at Leiden University...
    
    , Queen of the Netherlands (1980–present)
  •  Netherlands (constituent country)
    • Prime Minister - Wim Kok
      Wim Kok
      Willem "Wim" Kok ; born September 29, 1938) is a retired Dutch politician of the Labour Party . He served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from August 22, 1994 until July 22, 2002....
      
      , Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1994–2002)
  •  Netherlands Antilles (constituent country)
    • see under North America
  •  Aruba (constituent country)
    • see under North America
•  Norway -
  • Monarch - Harald V
    Harald V of Norway
    Harald V is the king of Norway. He succeeded to the throne of Norway upon the death of his father Olav V on 17 January 1991...
    
    , King of Norway (1991–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Kjell Magne Bondevik
       Kjell Magne Bondevik
       Kjell Magne Bondevik is a Norwegian Lutheran minister and politician . He served as Prime Minister of Norway from 1997 to 2000, and from 2001 to 2005, making him Norway's longest serving non-Labour Party Prime Minister since World War II...
       
       , Prime Minister of Norway
       Prime Minister of Norway
       The Prime Minister of Norway is the political leader of Norway and the Head of His Majesty's Government. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Sovereign, to Stortinget , to their political party, and ultimately the...
       
        (1997–2000)
    2. Jens Stoltenberg
       Jens Stoltenberg
       is a Norwegian politician, leader of the Norwegian Labour Party and the current Prime Minister of Norway. Having assumed office on 17 October 2005, Stoltenberg previously served as Prime Minister from 2000 to 2001....
       
       , Prime Minister of Norway
       Prime Minister of Norway
       The Prime Minister of Norway is the political leader of Norway and the Head of His Majesty's Government. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Sovereign, to Stortinget , to their political party, and ultimately the...
       
        (2000–2001)
•  Poland -
  • President - Aleksander Kwaśniewski
    Aleksander Kwasniewski
    Aleksander Kwaśniewski is a Polish politician who served as the President of Poland from 1995 to 2005. He was born in Białogard, and during communist rule he was active in the Socialist Union of Polish Students and was the Minister for Sport in the communist government in the 1980s...
    
    , President of Poland (1995–2005)
  • Prime Minister - Jerzy Buzek
    Jerzy Buzek
    Jerzy Karol Buzek is a Polish engineer, academic lecturer and politician who was the ninth post-Cold War Prime Minister of Poland from 1997 to 2001...
    
    , Prime Minister of Poland (1997–2001)
•  Portugal
  • President - Jorge Sampaio, President of Portugal
    President of Portugal
    Portugal has been a republic since 1910, and since that time the head of state has been the president, whose official title is President of the Portuguese Republic ....
    
     (1996–2006)
  • Prime Minister - António Guterres
    António Guterres
    António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres, GCC is a Portuguese politician, a former prime minister and President of the Socialist International. Currently he is the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.-Early life:...
    
    , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland
    Prime Minister of Portugal
    Prime Minister is the current title of the chief of the Portuguese Government. As chief executive, the Prime Minister coordinates the action of ministers, representing the Government from the other organs of state, accountable to Parliament and keeps the President informed...
    
     (1995–2002)
•  Kingdom of Romania
  • President -
    1. Emil Constantinescu
       Emil Constantinescu
       Emil Constantinescu was President of Romania from 1996 to 2000.He graduated from the law school of the University of Bucharest, and subsequently started a career as a geologist...
       
       , President of Romania
       President of Romania
       The President of Romania is the head of state of Romania. The President is directly elected by a two-round system for a five-year term . An individual may serve two terms...
       
        (1996–2000)
    2. Ion Iliescu
       Ion Iliescu
       Ion Iliescu served as President of Romania from 1990 until 1996, and from 2000 until 2004. From 1996 to 2000 and from 2004 until his retirement in 2008, Iliescu was a Senator for the Social Democratic Party , whose honorary president he remains....
       
       , President of Romania
       President of Romania
       The President of Romania is the head of state of Romania. The President is directly elected by a two-round system for a five-year term . An individual may serve two terms...
       
        (2000–2004)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Mugur Isărescu
       Mugur Isarescu
       Mugur Isărescu is the Governor of the National Bank of Romania. From 22 December 1999 to 28 November 2000 he served as Prime Minister. He is a member of the Romanian Academy....
       
       , Prime Minister of Romania
       Prime Minister of Romania
       The Prime Minister of Romania is the head of the Government of Romania. Initially, the office was styled President of the Council of Ministers , when the term "Government" included more than the Cabinet, and the Cabinet was called The Council of Ministers...
       
        (1999–2000)
    2. Adrian Năstase
       Adrian Nastase
       Adrian Năstase is a Romanian politician who was the Prime Minister of Romania from December 2000 to December 2004.He competed as the Social Democratic Party candidate in the 2004 presidential election, but was defeated by centre-right Justice and Truth Alliance candidate Traian Băsescu.He was...
       
       , Prime Minister of Romania
       Prime Minister of Romania
       The Prime Minister of Romania is the head of the Government of Romania. Initially, the office was styled President of the Council of Ministers , when the term "Government" included more than the Cabinet, and the Cabinet was called The Council of Ministers...
       
        (2000–2004)
•  Russia
  • President - Vladimir Putin
    Vladimir Putin
    Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin served as the second President of the Russian Federation and is the current Prime Minister of Russia, as well as chairman of United Russia and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Union of Russia and Belarus. He became acting President on 31 December 1999, when...
    
    , President of Russia (1999–2008)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Vladimir Putin
       Vladimir Putin
       Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin served as the second President of the Russian Federation and is the current Prime Minister of Russia, as well as chairman of United Russia and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Union of Russia and Belarus. He became acting President on 31 December 1999, when...
       
       , Chairman of the Government of Russia
       Prime Minister of Russia
       The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation The use of the term "Prime Minister" is strictly informal and is not allowed for by the Russian Constitution and other laws....
       
        (1999–2000)
    2. Mikhail Kasyanov
       Mikhail Kasyanov
       Mikhail Mikhailovich Kasyanov - was the Prime Minister of Russia from May 2000 to February 2004.He is the leader of the People's Democratic Union and an ex-member of the opposition coalition "The Other Russia".-Political career:...
       
       , Chairman of the Government of Russia
       Prime Minister of Russia
       The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation The use of the term "Prime Minister" is strictly informal and is not allowed for by the Russian Constitution and other laws....
       
        (2000–2004)
  •  Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (unrecognized secessionist state)
    • the capital was retaken by Russian forces and most of the government went into exile
    • President - Aslan Maskhadov
      Aslan Maskhadov
      Aslan Aliyevich Maskhadov was a leader of the Chechen separatist movement and the third President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.He was credited by many with the Chechen victory in the First Chechen War, which allowed for the...
      
      , President of Ichkeria
      President of Ichkeria
      This is a list of Presidents of the unrecognised Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, a pro-independence movement that controlled most of Chechnya from 1991 to 1999...
      
       (1997–2005)
•  San Marino
  • Captains-Regent -
    1. Marino Bollini and Giuseppe Arzilli
       Giuseppe Arzilli
       Giuseppe Arzilli was Captain Regent of San Marino.He served the six-month terms from October 1986 to April 1987, from October 1999 to April 2000, and from October 2004 to April 2005. He is a member of the San Marinese Christian Democratic Party.-External links:*...
       
       , Captains-Regent of San Marino (October 1999-April 2000)
    2. Maria Domenica Michelotti
       Maria Domenica Michelotti
       Maria Domenica Michelotti, , served as a Captain Regent of San Marino from 1 April 2000 to 1 October 2000. She served with Gian Marco Marcucci.-References:...
       
        and Gian Marco Marcucci
       Gian Marco Marcucci
       Gian Marco Marcucci served as a Captain Regent of San Marino from April 1, 2000 to October 1, 2000. He served with Maria Domenica Michelotti. He is of the Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party.-References:...
       
       , Captains-Regent of San Marino (April 2000-October 2000)
    3. Gianfranco Terenzi
       Gianfranco Terenzi
       Gianfranco Terenzi was a captain regent of San Marino three times. He is a member of the San Marinese Christian Democratic Party....
       
        and Enzo Colombini, Captains-Regent of San Marino (October 2000-April 2001)
•  Slovakia
  • President - Rudolf Schuster
    Rudolf Schuster
    Rudolf Schuster was the second President of Slovakia . He was elected on 29 May 1999 and inaugurated on 15 June. Schuster was defeated in the presidential elections of April 2004, in which he ran as an independent...
    
    , President of Slovakia (1999–2004)
  • Prime Minister - Mikuláš Dzurinda
    Mikuláš Dzurinda
    Mikuláš Dzurinda is a Slovak politician who was Prime Minister of Slovakia from 30 October 1998 to 4 July 2006. He was a founder and leader of the Slovak Democratic Coalition and the Slovak Democratic and Christian Union...
    
    , Prime Minister of Slovakia (1998–2006)
•  Slovenia
  • President - Milan Kučan
    Milan Kucan
    Milan Kučan is a Slovenian politician and statesman. He was the first President of Slovenia.-Early life and political beginnings:...
    
    , President of Slovenia
    President of Slovenia
    The function of President of the Republic of Slovenia was established on 23 December 1991, when the National Assembly of Slovenia passed a new constitution as a result of independence from Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia....
    
     (1990–2002)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Janez Drnovšek
       Janez Drnovšek
       Janez Drnovšek was a Slovenian liberal politician, President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia , Prime Minister of Slovenia and President of Slovenia . He was born in Celje, Slovenia, then the Socialist Republic of Slovenia...
       
       , Prime Minister of Slovenia
       Prime Minister of Slovenia
       There have been six Prime Ministers of Slovenia since that country gained its independence in the breakup of Yugoslavia. Unlike the President of Slovenia, who is directly elected, the Prime Minister is appointed by the National Assembly, and must control a majority there in order to...
       
        (1992–2000)
    2. Andrej Bajuk
       Andrej Bajuk
       Andrej Bajuk, also known in Spanish as Andrés Bajuk was a Slovene politician and economist. He served shortly as Prime Minister of Slovenia in the year 2000, and Minister of Economy in the centre right government of Janez Janša between 2004 and 2008...
       
       , Prime Minister of Slovenia
       Prime Minister of Slovenia
       There have been six Prime Ministers of Slovenia since that country gained its independence in the breakup of Yugoslavia. Unlike the President of Slovenia, who is directly elected, the Prime Minister is appointed by the National Assembly, and must control a majority there in order to...
       
        (2000)
    3. Janez Drnovšek
       Janez Drnovšek
       Janez Drnovšek was a Slovenian liberal politician, President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia , Prime Minister of Slovenia and President of Slovenia . He was born in Celje, Slovenia, then the Socialist Republic of Slovenia...
       
       , Prime Minister of Slovenia
       Prime Minister of Slovenia
       There have been six Prime Ministers of Slovenia since that country gained its independence in the breakup of Yugoslavia. Unlike the President of Slovenia, who is directly elected, the Prime Minister is appointed by the National Assembly, and must control a majority there in order to...
       
        (2000–2002)
•  Spain
  • Monarch - Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975–present)
  • Prime Minister - José María Aznar
    José María Aznar
    José María Alfredo Aznar López served as the Prime Minister of Spain from 1996 to 2004. He is on the board of directors of News Corporation.-Early life:...
    
    , President of the Government of Spain
    Prime Minister of Spain
    The President of the Government of Spain , sometimes known in English as the Prime Minister of Spain, is the head of Government of Spain. The current office is established under the Constitution of 1978...
    
     (1996–2004)
•  Sweden -
  • Monarch - Carl XVI Gustaf
    Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden
    Carl XVI Gustaf is the reigning King of Sweden since 15 September 1973, succeeding his grandfather King Gustaf VI Adolf because his father had predeceased him...
    
    , King of Sweden (1973–present)
  • Prime Minister - Göran Persson
    Göran Persson
    Hans Göran Persson was the Prime Minister of Sweden from 1996 to 2006 and the leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party from 1996 to 2007. Conceding defeat in the September 2006 general election, he announced that he would resign as party leader, and Mona Sahlin was elected to succeed him as...
    
    , Prime Minister of Sweden
    Prime Minister of Sweden
    The Prime Minister is the head of government in the Kingdom of Sweden. Before the creation of the office of a Prime Minister in 1876, Sweden did not have a head of government separate from its head of state, namely the King, in whom the executive authority was vested...
    
     (1996–2006)
•  Switzerland
  • Swiss Federal Council
    Swiss Federal Council
    The Federal Council is the seven-member executive council which constitutes the federal government of Switzerland and serves as the Swiss collective head of state....
    
     -

    Adolf Ogi

    Adolf Ogi

    Adolf Ogi is a Swiss politician from the village of Kandersteg in the Swiss Alps.He was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 9 December 1987, as member of the Swiss People's Party from the Canton of Berne...

    
     (1987–2000, President), Kaspar Villiger

    Kaspar Villiger

    Kaspar Villiger is a Swiss businessman, politician and former member of the Swiss Federal Council . He currently heads Swiss bank UBS.-Political career:On February 1, 1989, he was elected to the Swiss Federal Council...

    
     (1989–2003), Ruth Dreifuss

    Ruth Dreifuss

    Ruth Dreifuss is a Swiss politician affiliated with the Social Democratic Party. She was a member of the Swiss Federal Council from 1993 to 2002, representing the Canton of Geneva)....

    
     (1993–2002), Moritz Leuenberger

    Moritz Leuenberger

    Moritz Leuenberger is a Swiss politician, lawyer, was a member of the Swiss Federal Council from 1995 to 2010 and President of the Confederation in 2001 and in 2006....

    
     (1995–2010), Pascal Couchepin

    Pascal Couchepin

    Pascal Couchepin is a Swiss politician, former member of the Swiss Federal Council and President of the Confederation in 2003 and 2008...

    
     (1998–2009), Ruth Metzler

    Ruth Metzler

    Ruth Metzler-Arnold is a Swiss politician and former member of the Swiss Federal Council .She was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 11 March 1999, as a member of the Christian Democratic People's Party from the Canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden. During her time in office she has headed the...

    
     (1999–2003), Joseph Deiss

    Joseph Deiss

    Joseph Deiss is an economist, Swiss politician and a member of the Christian Democratic People's Party . From 1999 to 2006, he was a member of the Swiss Federal Council, heading first the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs and then the Federal Department of Economic Affairs...

    
     (1999–2006)

•  Ukraine
  • President - Leonid Kuchma
    Leonid Kuchma
    Leonid Danylovych Kuchma was the second President of independent Ukraine from 19 July 1994, to 23 January 2005. Kuchma took office after winning the 1994 presidential election against his rival, incumbent Leonid Kravchuk...
    
    , President of Ukraine
    President of Ukraine
    Prior to the formation of the modern Ukrainian presidency, the previous Ukrainian head of state office was officially established in exile by Andriy Livytskyi. At first the de facto leader of nation was the president of the Central Rada at early years of the Ukrainian People's Republic, while the...
    
     (1994–2005)
  • Prime Minister - Viktor Yushchenko
    Viktor Yushchenko
    Viktor Andriyovych Yushchenko is a former President of Ukraine. He took office on January 23, 2005, following a period of popular unrest known as the Orange Revolution...
    
    , Prime Minister of Ukraine
    Prime Minister of Ukraine
    The Prime Minister of Ukraine is Ukraine's head of government presiding over the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, which is the highest body of the executive branch of the Ukrainian government....
    
     (1999–2001)
•  United Kingdom
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present)
  • Prime Minister - Tony Blair
    Tony Blair
    Anthony Charles Lynton Blair is a former British Labour Party politician who served as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2 May 1997 to 27 June 2007. He was the Member of Parliament for Sedgefield from 1983 to 2007 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1994 to 2007...
    
    , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
    Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
    The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the Head of Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Sovereign, to Parliament, to their political party and...
    
     (1997–2007)
  •  Guernsey (British Crown dependency
    Crown dependency
    The Crown Dependencies are British possessions of the Crown, as opposed to overseas territories of the United Kingdom. They comprise the Channel Island Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel, and the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea....
    
    )
    • Lieutenant-Governor -
      1. Sir John Coward
         John Coward (Royal Navy officer)
         Vice Admiral Sir John Francis Coward KCB DSO is a former Royal Navy officer who became Commandant of the Royal College of Defence Studies.-Naval career:...
         
         , Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (1994–2000)
      2. Sir John Paul Foley
         John Paul Foley
         Lieutenant General Sir John Paul Foley KCB, OBE, MC, DL is a retired British general with a long career in military intelligence. He is the great-grandson of Henry Hodgetts-Foley.-Military career:...
         
         , Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (2000–2005)
    • Bailiff - de Vic Carey, Bailiff of Guernsey (1999–2005)
  •  Jersey (British Crown dependency
    Crown dependency
    The Crown Dependencies are British possessions of the Crown, as opposed to overseas territories of the United Kingdom. They comprise the Channel Island Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel, and the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea....
    
    )
    • Lieutenant-Governor - Sir Michael Wilkes
      Michael Wilkes
      General Sir Michael John Wilkes KCB CBE KStJ is a former Adjutant-General to the Forces in the United Kingdom.-Military career:Educated at the King's School, Rochester, Michael Wilkes was commissioned in to the Royal Artillery in 1961. He served as Commanding Officer of 22 SAS and was appointed...
      
      , Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey (1995–2001)
    • Bailiff - Sir Philip Bailhache
      Philip Bailhache
      Sir Philip Martin Bailhache KBE is a Jersey politician and lawyer. He was elected as a Senator in the States of Jersey in October 2011. He previously held elected office as Deputy of Grouville 1972-1975...
      
      , Bailiff of Jersey (1995–2009)
  •  Isle of Man (British Crown dependency
    Crown dependency
    The Crown Dependencies are British possessions of the Crown, as opposed to overseas territories of the United Kingdom. They comprise the Channel Island Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel, and the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea....
    
    )
    • Lieutenant-Governor -
      1. Sir Timothy Daunt
         Timothy Daunt
         Sir Timothy Lewis Achilles Daunt KCMG is a retired diplomat and former Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man.-Career:...
         
         , Lieutenant-Governor of Man (1995–2000)
      2. Ian Macfadyen
         Ian Macfadyen
         Air Marshal Ian David Macfadyen, CB, OBE, RAF , is a British retired Air Marshal who was the Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man until 14 October 2005...
         
         , Lieutenant-Governor of Man (2000–2005)
    • Chief minister - Donald Gelling
      Donald Gelling
      Donald James Gelling CBE CP, CInstSMM is a Manx former politician, who is a former Chief Minister of the Isle of Man who served two terms as Head of the Government.-Early life and career:...
      
      , Chief Minister of the Isle of Man
      Chief Minister of the Isle of Man
      The Chief Minister is the executive head of the Isle of Man Government.The office derives from that of Chairman of the Executive Council. Before 1980 the Executive Council was chaired by the Lieutenant Governor, but thereafter the chairman was elected by Tynwald, the parliament of the Isle of Man...
      
       (1996–2001)
  •  Gibraltar (British dependent territory)
    • Governor -
      1. Sir Richard Luce
         Richard Luce, Baron Luce
         Richard Napier Luce, Baron Luce, was Lord Chamberlain to HM The Queen from 2000 to 2006, and was previously Governor of Gibraltar and a Conservative Member of Parliament and Government Minister.-Early career:...
         
         , Governor of Gibraltar
         Governor of Gibraltar
         The Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Gibraltar is the representative of the British monarch in the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. The Governor is appointed by the British Monarch on the advice of the British Government...
         
          (1997–2000)
      2. Sir David Durie
         David Durie
         Sir David Robert Campbell Durie KCMG is a retired British civil servant, whose last major public appointment was as Governor of Gibraltar.-Career:...
         
         , Governor of Gibraltar
         Governor of Gibraltar
         The Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Gibraltar is the representative of the British monarch in the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. The Governor is appointed by the British Monarch on the advice of the British Government...
         
          (2000–2003)
    • Chief Minister - Peter Caruana
      Peter Caruana
      Peter Richard Caruana, QC is a Gibraltarian politician, and has been Chief Minister of Gibraltar since 1996, when his party, the Gibraltar Social Democrats , first came to power. His party was re-elected to office in 2000, 2003 and 2007...
      
      , Chief Minister of Gibraltar
      Chief Minister of Gibraltar
      The Chief Minister of Gibraltar is the leader of the largest party elected to the Gibraltar Parliament, and is formally appointed by the Governor of Gibraltar, representative of the British Crown.-List of Chief Ministers:...
      
       (1996–present)
•  Vatican City
  • Monarch - Pope John Paul II
    Pope John Paul II
    Blessed Pope John Paul II , born Karol Józef Wojtyła , reigned as Pope of the Catholic Church and Sovereign of Vatican City from 16 October 1978 until his death on 2 April 2005, at of age. His was the second-longest documented pontificate, which lasted ; only Pope Pius IX ...
    
    , Sovereign of Vatican City (1978–2005)
  • President of the Governorate - Edmund Szoka, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1997–2006)
  • Holy See
    Holy See
    The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, in which its Bishop is commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent episcopal see of the Catholic Church, forming the central government of the Church. As such, diplomatically, and in other spheres the Holy See acts and...
    
    
    • Secretary of State - Angelo Sodano
      Angelo Sodano
      Angelo Sodano is an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He is the current Dean of the College of Cardinals and former Vatican Secretary of State, having held that post from 1990 to 2006, under both popes John Paul II and Benedict XVI...
      
      , Cardinal Secretary of State of the Holy See
      Cardinal Secretary of State
      The Cardinal Secretary of State—officially Secretary of State of His Holiness The Pope—presides over the Holy See, usually known as the "Vatican", Secretariat of State, which is the oldest and most important dicastery of the Roman Curia...
      
       (1990–2006)
• '
  • President -
    1. Slobodan Milošević
       Slobodan Milošević
       Slobodan Milošević was President of Serbia and Yugoslavia. He served as the President of Socialist Republic of Serbia and Republic of Serbia from 1989 until 1997 in three terms and as President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1997 to 2000...
       
       , President of Yugoslavia
       President of Serbia and Montenegro
       The President of Serbia and Montenegro was the head of state of Serbia and Montenegro. From its establishment in 1992 until 2003, when the country was reconstituted as a conferederacy via constitutional reform, the head of state was known as the President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia...
       
        (1997–2000)
    2. Vojislav Koštunica
       Vojislav Koštunica
       Vojislav Koštunica is a Serbian politician, statesman and the president of the Democratic Party of Serbia. He was the last President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, succeeding Slobodan Milošević and serving from 2000 to 2003...
       
       , President of Yugoslavia
       President of Serbia and Montenegro
       The President of Serbia and Montenegro was the head of state of Serbia and Montenegro. From its establishment in 1992 until 2003, when the country was reconstituted as a conferederacy via constitutional reform, the head of state was known as the President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia...
       
        (2000–2003)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Momir Bulatović
       Momir Bulatovic
       Momir Bulatović , formerly served as a Yugoslavian and Montenegrin politician. Bulatović became federal President of Montenegro while Montenegro was part of a Yugoslav federation, and also Prime Minister of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia...
       
       , Prime Minister of Yugoslavia
       Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro
       The Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro was the head of government of Serbia and Montenegro from its establishment in 1992 up until the state's dissolution in 2006...
       
        (1998–2000)
    2. Zoran Žižić
       Zoran Žižic
       Zoran Žižić is a politician from Montenegro.A member of the Socialist People's Party of Montenegro, he became Prime Minister of Yugoslavia on November 4, 2000 shortly after the fall of Slobodan Milošević, when his colleague Momir Bulatović's cabinet collapsed...
       
       , Prime Minister of Yugoslavia
       Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro
       The Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro was the head of government of Serbia and Montenegro from its establishment in 1992 up until the state's dissolution in 2006...
       
        (2000–2001)
  •  Albania Kosovo
    Kosovo
    Kosovo is a region in southeastern Europe. Part of the Ottoman Empire for more than five centuries, later the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija within Serbia...
    
     (Self-Governing Entity under UN administration 1999-2008) / Republic of Kosova
    Republic of Kosova
    The Republic of Kosova was an secessionist state proclaimed in 1991 by a parallel parliament representing the Albanian population of Kosovo, recognized only by the Republic of Albania...
    
     (unrecognized secessionist state 1991-2000)
    • UN Special Representative - Bernard Kouchner
      Bernard Kouchner
      Bernard Kouchner is a French politician, diplomat, and doctor. He is co-founder of Médecins Sans Frontières and Médecins du Monde...
      
      , Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Kosovo
      Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Kosovo
      The Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Kosovo is an appointed by the Secretary-General to lead the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo...
      
       (1999–2001)
    • President - Ibrahim Rugova
      Ibrahim Rugova
      Ibrahim Rugova was an Albanian politician who was the first President of Kosovo and of its leading political party, the Democratic League of Kosovo ....
      
      , President of the Republic of Kosova (1992–2000)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Bujar Bukoshi
         Bujar Bukoshi
         Bujar Bukoshi was the Minister of Healthcare in Kosovo in the first government of Hashim Thaci. Previously, he served as Prime Minister of Kosovo within the self-proclaimed Republic of Kosova from 1991 to 2000. He graduated from the University of Belgrade's Medical School.-Notes:...
         
         , Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosova (1991–2000)
      2. Hashim Thaçi
         Hashim Thaci
         Hashim Thaçi is the Prime Minister of Republic of Kosovo, the leader of the Democratic Party of Kosovo , and former political leader of the Kosovo Liberation Army .-Early life and education:...
         
          (in opposition), Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosova (1999–2000)

North America

• • Governor -
    1. Robert Harris
       Robert Harris (Anguilla)
       Robert Harris was the Governor of Anguilla for the period December 1996 – 27 January 2000.- References :...
       
       , Governor of Anguilla
       Governor of Anguilla
       The Governor of Anguilla is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Anguilla. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
       
        (1996–2000)
    2. Roger Cousins, Acting Governor of Anguilla
       Governor of Anguilla
       The Governor of Anguilla is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Anguilla. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
       
        (2000)
    3. Peter Johnstone
       Peter Johnstone
       Peter Johnstone was the governor of Anguilla from 4 February 2000 until 29 April 2004.-External links:*...
       
       , Governor of Anguilla
       Governor of Anguilla
       The Governor of Anguilla is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Anguilla. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
       
        (2000–2004)
  • Chief Minister -
    1. Hubert Hughes, Chief Minister of Anguilla
       Chief Minister of Anguilla
       -List of Chief Ministers of Anguilla:...
       
        (1994–2000)
    2. Osbourne Fleming
       Osbourne Fleming
       Osbourne Berrington Fleming is a politician and the chief minister of Anguilla. He held that post from March 6, 2000, three days after the Anguilla United Front, a conservative coalition which included Fleming's Anguilla National Alliance won parliamentary elections, gaining at least 4 of the 7...
       
       , Chief Minister of Anguilla
       Chief Minister of Anguilla
       -List of Chief Ministers of Anguilla:...
       
        (2000–2010)
•  Antigua and Barbuda -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Antigua and Barbuda
    Monarch of Antigua and Barbuda
    Antigua and Barbuda is a constitutional monarchy and a Commonwealth realm, with Queen Elizabeth II as its reigning monarch since November 1, 1981...
    
     (1981–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir James Carlisle
    James Carlisle
    Sir James Beethoven Carlisle, GCMG is the former Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda. Selected by Prime Minister, Vere Cornwall Bird on June 10, 1993 and appointed by the Queen of Antigua his term was terminated on June 30, 2007 - a period of 14 years...
    
    , Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (1993–2007)
  • Prime Minister - Lester Bird
    Lester Bird
    Lester Bryant Bird was the second Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda from 1994 to 2004 and a well-known athlete. He was chairman of the Antigua Labour Party from 1971 to 1993, then became Prime Minister when his father, Vere Bird, the previous Prime Minister, resigned.Bird was born on February...
    
    , Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (1994–2004) (constituent country
    Constituent country
    Constituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity. The term constituent country does not have any defined legal meaning, and is used simply to refer to a country which is a part Constituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts...
    
     of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
    Kingdom of the Netherlands
    The Kingdom of the Netherlands is a sovereign state and constitutional monarchy with territory in Western Europe and in the Caribbean. The four parts of the Kingdom—Aruba, Curaçao, the Netherlands, and Sint Maarten—are referred to as "countries", and participate on a basis of equality...
    
    )
  • Governor - Olindo Koolman
    Olindo Koolman
    Olindo Koolman was the second Governor of Aruba and served two terms of six years as governor from 12 March 1992 until 11 May 2004.-References:...
    
    , Governor of Aruba
    Governor of Aruba
    The Governor of Aruba is the representative on Aruba of the Dutch head of state . The governors duties are twofold: he represents and guards the general interests of the Kingdom and is head of the Aruban Government. He is accountable to the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. As the head...
    
     (1992–2004)
  • Prime Minister - Henny Eman
    Henny Eman
    Jan Hendrik Albert "Henny" Eman was the first Prime Minister of Aruba from 1 January 1986 to 9 February 1989 and again from 29 July 1994 to 30 October 2001.- Introduction :thumb|left| Memorial stone at Leiden cafe "Het Keizertje"...
    
    , Prime Minister of Aruba
    Prime Minister of Aruba
    The Prime Minister of Aruba is Aruba's head of government. Together with Aruba's Council of Ministers, they form the executive branch of Aruban government.-List of Prime Ministers of Aruba:...
    
     (1994–2001)
•  The Bahamas -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of the Bahamas (1973–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Orville Turnquest, Governor-General of the Bahamas (1995–2001)
  • Prime Minister - Hubert Ingraham
    Hubert Ingraham
    Hubert Alexander Ingraham is the Prime Minister of the Bahamas. He first served as Prime Minister from August 1992 until May 2002 and became Prime Minister again in 2007. He is a member of the Free National Movement Party . The Rt. Hon. Hubert A...
    
    , Prime Minister of the Bahamas (1992–2002)
•  Barbados -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Barbados (1966–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Clifford Husbands
    Clifford Husbands
    Sir Clifford Straughn Husbands, GCMG, KA, QC was the Governor-General of Barbados. He held this office from 1996, when he was appointed after the death of Dame Nita Barrow, until he retired on 31 October 2011.-External links:*...
    
    , Governor-General of Barbados (1996–2011)
  • Prime Minister - Owen Arthur
    Owen Arthur
    Owen Seymour Arthur, MP was the fifth Prime Minister of Barbados who was in office from 1994 to 2008 and is the current Leader of Opposition in Barbados. To date, he is the longest serving Barbadian Prime Minister....
    
    , Prime Minister of Barbados (1994–2008)
•  Belize -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Belize (1981–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Colville Young
    Colville Young
    Sir Colville Norbert Young, GCMG, MBE is the Governor General of Belize, and also patron of the Scout Association of Belize. He was appointed Governor-General in 1993, taking office on 17 November of that year, and was knighted in 1994....
    
    , Governor-General of Belize (1993–present)
  • Prime Minister - Said Musa
    Said Musa
    Said Wilbert Musa is a Belizean lawyer and politician. He was the Prime Minister of Belize from August 28, 1998 to February 8, 2008.-Early life and education:Said Musa was born in San Ignacio, Cayo District, Belize...
    
    , Prime Minister of Belize (1998–2008) (British dependent territory)
  • Governor - Thorold Masefield, Governor of Bermuda
    Governor of Bermuda
    The Governor of Bermuda is the representative of the British monarch in the British overseas territory of Bermuda. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
    
     (1997–2002)
  • Premier - Jennifer M. Smith
    Jennifer M. Smith
    Dame Jennifer Meredith Smith, DBE, JP, DHumL, MP was the premier of Bermuda from 1998 until 2003, the first premier who was not a member of the United Bermuda Party...
    
    , Premier of Bermuda (1998–2003) (British dependent territory)
  • Governor - Frank Savage, Governor of the British Virgin Islands
    Governor of the British Virgin Islands
    The Governor of the British Virgin Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of British Virgin Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
    
     (1998–2002)
  • Chief Minister - Ralph T. O'Neal
    Ralph T. O'Neal
    Ralph Telford O'Neal, OBE is the former Premier of the British Virgin Islands, and is expected to be appointed as the leader of the opposition...
    
    , Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands (1995–2003)
•  Canada
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Canada
    Monarchy in Canada
    The monarchy of Canada is the core of both Canada's federalism and its Westminster-style parliamentary democracy, being the foundation of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the Canadian government and each provincial government...
    
     (1952–present)
  • Governor General - Adrienne Clarkson
    Adrienne Clarkson
    Adrienne Louise Clarkson is a Canadian journalist and stateswoman who served as Governor General of Canada, the 26th since Canadian Confederation....
    
    , Governor General of Canada (1999–2005)
  • Prime Minister - Jean Chrétien
    Jean Chrétien
    Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien , known commonly as Jean Chrétien is a former Canadian politician who was the 20th Prime Minister of Canada. He served in the position for over ten years, from November 4, 1993 to December 12, 2003....
    
    , Prime Minister of Canada (1993–2003) (British dependent territory)
  • Governor - Peter Smith
    Peter Smith (diplomat)
    Peter Smith, CBE is a retired British diplomat who was the British Ambassador to Madagascar, the British High Commissioner to Lesotho and in his final position was Governor of the Cayman Islands. He held this position from May 1999 until retirement in May 2002.-References:...
    
    , Governor of the Cayman Islands
    Governor of the Cayman Islands
    The Governor of the Cayman Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of the Cayman Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
    
     (1999–2002)
  • Head of Government -
    1. Truman Bodden
       Truman Bodden
       Truman Murray Bodden, OBE is a past Caymanian politician. An attorney at law by profession, he served as Leader of Government Business from 1994 to November 2000. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly for George Town...
       
       , Leader of Government Business of the Cayman Islands
       Leader of Government Business
       The Premier of the Cayman Islands is the political leader and head of government. The post of Premier in the Cayman Islands is the equivalent to Chief Minister or Prime Minister in other British Overseas Territories. It is the highest political level that can be attained within the British colonial...
       
        (1994–2000)
    2. Kurt Tibbetts
       Kurt Tibbetts
       Darwin Kurt Tibbetts, OBE is a Caymanian politician. Tibbetts is a former Leader of Government Business in the Cayman Islands. He currently serves as the First Elected Member for George Town, serving his fifth term in the Legislative Assembly of the Cayman Islands...
       
       , Leader of Government Business of the Cayman Islands
       Leader of Government Business
       The Premier of the Cayman Islands is the political leader and head of government. The post of Premier in the Cayman Islands is the equivalent to Chief Minister or Prime Minister in other British Overseas Territories. It is the highest political level that can be attained within the British colonial...
       
        (2000–2001)
•  Costa Rica
  • President - Miguel Ángel Rodríguez
    Miguel Ángel Rodríguez
    Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Echeverría is a Costa Rican economist, lawyer, businessman, and politician. He served as President of Costa Rica from 1998 to 2002 and was briefly Secretary General of the Organization of American States in 2004, before stepping down and returning to his country to face...
    
    , President of Costa Rica (1998–2002)
•  Cuba
  • Communist Party Leader - Fidel Castro
    Fidel Castro
    Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz is a Cuban revolutionary and politician, having held the position of Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and then President from 1976 to 2008. He also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from the party's foundation in 1961 until 2011...
    
    , First secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba
    Communist Party of Cuba
    The Communist Party of Cuba is the governing political party in Cuba. It is a communist party of the Marxist-Leninist model. The Cuban constitution ascribes the role of the Party to be the "leading force of society and of the state"...
    
     (1965–2011)
  • President - Fidel Castro
    Fidel Castro
    Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz is a Cuban revolutionary and politician, having held the position of Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and then President from 1976 to 2008. He also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from the party's foundation in 1961 until 2011...
    
    , President of the Council of State of Cuba
    President of Cuba
    --209.174.31.28 18:43, 22 November 2011 The President of Cuba is the Head of state of Cuba. According to the Cuban Constitution of 1976, the President is the chief executive of the Council of State of Cuba...
    
     (1976–2008)
  • Premier - Fidel Castro
    Fidel Castro
    Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz is a Cuban revolutionary and politician, having held the position of Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and then President from 1976 to 2008. He also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from the party's foundation in 1961 until 2011...
    
    , President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba
    Prime Minister of Cuba
    Prime Minister of Cuba was a position in the government of Cuba. Fidel Castro assumed the position of Prime Minister in 1959 replacing José Miró Cardona....
    
     (1959–2008)
•  Dominica -
  • President - Vernon Shaw
    Vernon Shaw
    Vernon Lorden Shaw was the fifth President of Dominica. He is an alumnus of the Dominica Grammar School and Trinity College, Oxford. He was a career civil servant, rising to the post of Cabinet Secretary in 1977, and retiring in 1990. He was elected to a five-year term by the House of Assembly on...
    
    , President of Dominica (1998–2003)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Edison James
       Edison James
       Edison Chenfil James was the prime minister of Dominica from June 14, 1995 to February 3, 2000 as well as the Member of Parliament for the Marigot constituency from 1990. He graduated from the Dominica Grammar School...
       
       , Prime Minister of Dominica (1995–2000)
    2. Rosie Douglas
       Rosie Douglas
       Roosevelt Bernard Douglas was a Dominican politician. In 2000 he was prime minister of the Caribbean island for eight months, from 3 February 2000 until his death later that year....
       
       , Prime Minister of Dominica (2000)
    3. Pierre Charles
       Pierre Charles
       Pierre Charles was Prime Minister of Dominica from 2000 to 2004 as well as Member of Parliament for Grand Bay, Dominica from 1985 until his death. He was born in Grand Bay in Saint Patrick parish. He began his high school education at the Dominica Grammar School and completed it at the St...
       
       , Prime Minister of Dominica (2000–2004)
•  Dominican Republic -
  • President
    1. Leonel Fernández
       Leonel Fernández
       Leonel Antonio Fernández Reyna is a Dominican lawyer, academic, and the current President of the Dominican Republic since 2004. He held the same office from 1996 to 2000...
       
       , President of the Dominican Republic (1996–2000)
    2. Hipólito Mejía
       Hipólito Mejía
       Rafael Hipólito Mejía Domínguez is a Dominican politician and former President of the Dominican Republic...
       
       , President of the Dominican Republic (2000–2004)
•  El Salvador
  • President - Francisco Flores Pérez
    Francisco Flores Pérez
    Francisco Guillermo Flores Pérez is an ex president of El Salvador. He led the country from June 1 1999 until June 1 2004 as a member of the conservative Nationalist Republican Alliance .-Background:...
    
    , President of El Salvador
    President of El Salvador
    This page contains a list of Presidents of El Salvador.-Heads of State of El Salvador within the Federal Republic of Central America :*Pedro Barriere : 21 September 1821 - 28 November 1821*José Matías Delgado : 28 Nov 1821 - 9 February 1823...
    
     (1999–2004)
•  Grenada
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Grenada (1974–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Daniel Williams, Governor-General of Grenada (1996–2008)
  • Prime Minister - Keith Mitchell
    Keith Mitchell
    Keith Claudius Mitchell is a Grenadian politician who served as Prime Minister of Grenada from 1995 to 2008. He was the longest serving Prime Minister Grenada has ever had, serving just over 13 years as Prime Minister...
    
    , Prime Minister of Grenada (1995–2008)
•  Guatemala
  • President -
    1. Álvaro Arzú
       Álvaro Arzú
       Álvaro Enrique Arzú Yrigoyen was the 32nd President of Guatemala from January 14, 1996 until January 14, 2000...
       
       , President of Guatemala
       President of Guatemala
       The title of President of Guatemala has been the usual title of the leader of Guatemala since 1839, when that title was assumed by Mariano Rivera Paz...
       
        (1996–2000)
    2. Alfonso Portillo
       Alfonso Portillo
       Alfonso Antonio Portillo Cabrera is a Guatemalan politician. He served as the President of the Republic of Guatemala from 2000 to 2004....
       
       , President of Guatemala
       President of Guatemala
       The title of President of Guatemala has been the usual title of the leader of Guatemala since 1839, when that title was assumed by Mariano Rivera Paz...
       
        (2000–2004)
•  Haiti
  • President - René Préval
    René Préval
    René Garcia Préval is a Haitian politician and agronomist who was the President of the Republic of Haiti from 14 May 2006 to 14 May 2011. He previously served as President from February 7, 1996, to February 7, 2001, and as Prime Minister from February 1991 to October 11, 1991.-Early life and...
    
    , President of Haiti (1996–2001)
  • Prime Minister - Jacques-Édouard Alexis
    Jacques-Édouard Alexis
    Jacques-Édouard Alexis is a Haitian politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Haiti from 1999 to 2001 and was Prime Minister for a second term from 2006 to 2008 when he was dismissed due to political fallout from food riots....
    
    , Prime Minister of Haiti
    Prime Minister of Haiti
    The Prime Minister of the Republic of Haiti is the head of government of Haiti. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and ratified by the National Assembly. He or she appoints the Ministers and Secretaries of State and goes before the National Assembly to obtain a vote of confidence for...
    
     (1999–2001)
•  Honduras
  • President - Carlos Roberto Flores
    Carlos Roberto Flores
    Carlos Roberto Flores Facussé was President of Honduras from 27 January 1998 to 27 January 2002 and President of the National Congress from 25 January 1994 to 25 January 1998.- Biography :...
    
    , President of Honduras
    President of Honduras
    This page lists the Presidents of Honduras.Colonial Honduras declared its independence from Spain on 15 September 1821. From 5 January 1822 to 1 July 1823, Honduras was part of the First Mexican Empire of Agustín de Iturbide....
    
     (1998–2002)
•  Jamaica
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Jamaica (1962–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Howard Cooke
    Howard Cooke
    Sir Howard Felix Hanlan Cooke, ON, GCMG, GCVO, CD, K.St.J was the Governor-General of Jamaica from August 1, 1991 until February 15, 2006 when he became the first governor-general to invest his own successor, Professor Kenneth Octavius Hall...
    
    , Governor-General of Jamaica (1991–2006)
  • Prime Minister - P. J. Patterson
    P. J. Patterson
    Percival Noel James Patterson, ON, QC, PC, O.E., was the sixth Prime Minister of Jamaica from 1992 to 2006. Until February 2006 he was the leader of the Jamaican People's National Party . The new PNP leader, Portia Simpson-Miller, took over as Prime Minister on 30 March 2006...
    
    , Prime Minister of Jamaica
    Prime Minister of Jamaica
    The Prime Minister of Jamaica is Jamaica's head of government, currently Andrew Holness. Andrew Holness was elected as the new leader of the governing Jamaica Labour Party and succeeded Bruce Golding to become Jamaica's ninth Prime Minister on 23 October 2011...
    
     (1992–2006)
•  Mexico
  • President -
    1. Ernesto Zedillo
       Ernesto Zedillo
       Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León is a Mexican economist and politician. He served as President of Mexico from December 1, 1994 to November 30, 2000, as the last of the uninterrupted seventy year line of Mexican presidents from the Institutional Revolutionary Party...
       
       , President of Mexico
       President of Mexico
       The President of the United Mexican States is the head of state and government of Mexico. Under the Constitution, the president is also the Supreme Commander of the Mexican armed forces...
       
        (1994–2000)
    2. Vicente Fox
       Vicente Fox
       Vicente Fox Quesada is a Mexican former politician who served as President of Mexico from 1 December 2000 to 30 November 2006 and currently serves as co-President of the Centrist Democrat International, an international organization of Christian democratic political parties.Fox was elected...
       
       , President of Mexico
       President of Mexico
       The President of the United Mexican States is the head of state and government of Mexico. Under the Constitution, the president is also the Supreme Commander of the Mexican armed forces...
       
        (2000–2006) (British dependent territory)
  • Governor - Anthony John Abbott
    Anthony John Abbott (governor)
    Anthony John "Tony" Abbott, CMG, OBE is a British diplomat, who served as Governor of Montserrat from 1997 to 2001.Abbott was born in Ashton-under-Lyne, Greater Manchester in 1941, and joined the British diplomatic service in 1959...
    
    , Governor of Montserrat
    Governor of Montserrat
    The Governor of Montserrat is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Montserrat. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
    
     (1997–2001)
  • Chief Minister - David Brandt
    David Brandt (politician)
    David Brandt is a politician from Montserrat. He served as the territory's Chief Minister from 22 August 1997 to 5 April 2001.- References :* , 19 August 2009, CSME Network News. Retrieved Jan 5, 2011....
    
    , Chief Minister of Montserrat
    Chief Minister of Montserrat
    The Chief Minister of Montserrat is the head of government of Montserrat, an island in the Caribbean that is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom, appointed by the Governor of Montserrat on behalf of Queen Elizabeth II, Montserrat's head of state. The current Chief Minister of Montserrat is...
    
     (1997–2001) (constituent country
    Constituent country
    Constituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity. The term constituent country does not have any defined legal meaning, and is used simply to refer to a country which is a part Constituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts...
    
     of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
    Kingdom of the Netherlands
    The Kingdom of the Netherlands is a sovereign state and constitutional monarchy with territory in Western Europe and in the Caribbean. The four parts of the Kingdom—Aruba, Curaçao, the Netherlands, and Sint Maarten—are referred to as "countries", and participate on a basis of equality...
    
    )
  • Governor - Jaime Saleh, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles
    Governor of the Netherlands Antilles
    The Governor of the Netherlands Antilles was the representative of the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the Netherlands Antilles and the head of the National Government of the Netherlands Antilles....
    
     (1990–2002)
  • Prime Minister - Miguel Arcangel Pourier, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (1999–2002)
•  Nicaragua
  • President - Arnoldo Alemán
    Arnoldo Alemán
    José Arnoldo Alemán Lacayo was the 81st President of Nicaragua from 10 January 1997 to 10 January 2002.-Biography:Alemán was born in Managua and received his early education at the La Salle institute in Managua...
    
    , President of Nicaragua
    President of Nicaragua
    The position of President of Nicaragua was created in the Constitution of 1854. From 1825 until the Constitution of 1838 the title of the position was known as Head of State and from 1838 to 1854 as Supreme Director .-Heads of State of Nicaragua within the Federal Republic of Central America...
    
     (1997–2002)
•  Panama
  • President - Mireya Moscoso
    Mireya Moscoso
    Mireya Elisa Moscoso Rodríguez de Arias is a Panamanian political figure. She was the President of Panama from 1999 to 2004, representing the Arnulfista Party...
    
    , President of Panama (1999–2004)
•  Saint Kitts and Nevis
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Cuthbert Sebastian
    Cuthbert Sebastian
    Sir Cuthbert Montraville Sebastian, GCMG, OBE , is the Governor-General of St. Kitts and Nevis. He was appointed Governor-General in 1995 and was sworn in on 1 January 1996....
    
    , Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1996–present)
  • Prime Minister - Denzil Douglas
    Denzil Douglas
    Denzil Llewellyn Douglas has been Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis since July 1995. He leads the Saint Kitts and Nevis Labour Party. He is the longest serving Prime Minister Saint Kitts and Nevis has ever had....
    
    , Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1995–present)
•  Saint Lucia
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Saint Lucia (1979–present)
  • Governor-General - Dame Pearlette Louisy
    Pearlette Louisy
    Dame Pearlette Louisy, GCMG is the Governor-General of Saint Lucia. She is the first woman to hold this office, which she was sworn into on 19 September 1997....
    
    , Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1997–present)
  • Prime Minister - Kenny Anthony
    Kenny Anthony
    Kenny Davis Anthony is a Saint Lucian politician who was the fifth Prime Minister of Saint Lucia from 1997 to 2006. As leader of the Saint Lucia Labour Party, he was Leader of the Opposition from 2006 to 2011 and returned to office as Prime Minister on 30 November 2011 following the 2011...
    
    , Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (1997–2006) (Territorial collectivity of France)
  • Prefect - Francis Spitzer, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
    Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
    The prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon is the local representative of the President of France and in effect the Governor or Executive officer of the territory.- Overview :...
    
     (1999–2001)
  • President of the General Council -
    1. Bernard Le Soavec, President of the General Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1996–2000)
    2. Marc Plantegenest, President of the General Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2000–2005)
•  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Charles Antrobus
    Charles Antrobus
    Sir Charles James Antrobus, GCMG, OBE was the Governor-General of St. Vincent and the Grenadines from June 1, 1996, until his death. He died in Toronto and was temporarily replaced by Monica Dacon....
    
    , Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1996–2002)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Sir James Fitz-Allen Mitchell
       James Fitz-Allen Mitchell
       Sir James Fitz-Allen Mitchell was the second Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and the founder of the New Democratic Party . He also served as Premier of the then colony from 1972 to 1974.-Life and career:...
       
       , Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1984–2000)
    2. Arnhim Eustace
       Arnhim Eustace
       Arnhim Ulric Eustace is a Vincentian politician and economist, who was the third Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and is the current leader of the New Democratic Party ....
       
       , Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2000–2001)
•  Trinidad and Tobago
  • President - A. N. R. Robinson
    A. N. R. Robinson
    Arthur Napoleon Raymond Robinson, OCC, TC was the third President of Trinidad and Tobago, serving from 19 March 1997 to 17 March 2003. He was also Trinidad and Tobago's third Prime Minister, serving in that capacity from 18 December 1986 to 17 December 1991...
    
    , President of Trinidad and Tobago
    President of Trinidad and Tobago
    The President of Trinidad and Tobago is the head of state of Trinidad and Tobago, and the commander in chief of its armed forces. The office was established when the country became a republic in 1976, before which the head of state was Queen Elizabeth II...
    
     (1997–2003)
  • Prime Minister - Basdeo Panday
    Basdeo Panday
    Basdeo Panday was the 5th Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago from 1995 to 2001 and has served as Leader of the Opposition from 1976–1977, 1978–1986, 1989–1995 and 2001–2010. He was first elected to Parliament in 1976 as the Member for Couva North. He is the former...
    
    , Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1995–2001) (British dependent territory)
  • Governor -
    1. John Kelly
       John Kelly (Governor)
       John Philip Kelly, CMG, LVO, MBE is an Irish-born British diplomat who was Governor of the British overseas territory of the Turks and Caicos Islands from October 1996 to January 2000....
       
       , Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands
       Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands
       The Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Turks and Caicos Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
       
        (1996–2000)
    2. Mervyn Jones
       Mervyn Jones
       Mervyn Thomas Jones is a British diplomat who was Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands from January 2000 to November 2002. Jones was succeeded by acting Governor Cynthia Astwood on 26 November 2002...
       
       , Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands
       Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands
       The Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Turks and Caicos Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
       
        (2000–2002)
  • Chief Minister - Derek Hugh Taylor
    Derek Hugh Taylor
    Derek Hugh Taylor was Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 31 January 1995 to 15 August 2003. He is the former leader of the People's Democratic Movement party and is now retired.-External links:*...
    
    , Chief Minister of Turks and Caicos Islands
    Premier of the Turks and Caicos Islands
    This is a list of Chief Ministers and Premiers of the Turks and Caicos Islands.-Chief Ministers of the Turks and Caicos Islands:-Premiers of the Turks and Caicos Islands:...
    
     (1995–2003)
•  United States
  • President - Bill Clinton
    Bill Clinton
    William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Inaugurated at age 46, he was the third-youngest president. He took office at the end of the Cold War, and was the first president of the baby boomer generation...
    
    , President of the United States
    President of the United States
    The President of the United States of America is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces....
    
     (1993–2001)
  •  Puerto Rico (Commonwealth
    Commonwealth (United States insular area)
    In the terminology of the United States insular areas, a Commonwealth is a type of organized but unincorporated dependent territory.The definition of "Commonwealth" according to current U.S. State Department policy reads: "The term 'Commonwealth' does not describe or provide for any specific...
    
     of the United States)
    • Governor - Pedro Rosselló
      Pedro Rosselló
      Pedro Juan Rosselló González, M.D., , is a Puerto Rican physician and politician who served as the sixth Governor of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico from 1993 to 2001...
      
      , Governor of Puerto Rico
      Governor of Puerto Rico
      The Governor of Puerto Rico is the Head of Government of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Since 1948, the Governor has been elected by the people of Puerto Rico...
      
       (1993–2001)
  •  United States Virgin Islands (Insular area
    Insular area
    An insular area is a United States territory, that is neither a part of one of the fifty U.S. states nor the District of Columbia, the federal district of the United States...
    
     of the United States)
    • Governor - Charles Wesley Turnbull
      Charles Wesley Turnbull
      Charles Wesley Turnbull , was the 26th Governor of the U.S. Virgin Islands.He was born on St. Thomas. Prior to being elected in 1998, he was a professor at the University of the Virgin Islands, Commissioner and Assistant Commissioner of the territorial Department of Education, principal and...
      
      , Governor of US Virgin Islands (1999–2007)

Oceania

• • Governor - Tauese Sunia
    Tauese Sunia
    Tauese Tuailemafua Pita Fiti Sunia was the governor of American Samoa from 1997 until his death. He died during his second term, on March 26, 2003, while on a flight to Hawaii for medical treatment....
    
    , Governor of American Samoa (1997–2003)
•  Australia
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Australia (1952– present)
  • Governor-General - Sir William Deane
    William Deane
    Sir William Patrick Deane, AC, KBE, QC , Australian judge and the 22nd Governor-General of Australia.-Early life:William Deane was born in Melbourne, Victoria. He was educated at Catholic schools including St. Joseph's College, Hunters Hill and at the University of Sydney, where he graduated in...
    
    , Governor-General of Australia
    Governor-General of Australia
    The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia is the representative in Australia at federal/national level of the Australian monarch . He or she exercises the supreme executive power of the Commonwealth...
    
     (1996–2001)
  • Prime Minister - John Howard
    John Howard
    John Winston Howard AC, SSI, was the 25th Prime Minister of Australia, from 11 March 1996 to 3 December 2007. He was the second-longest serving Australian Prime Minister after Sir Robert Menzies....
    
    , Prime Minister of Australia
    Prime Minister of Australia
    The Prime Minister of the Commonwealth of Australia is the highest minister of the Crown, leader of the Cabinet and Head of Her Majesty's Australian Government, holding office on commission from the Governor-General of Australia. The office of Prime Minister is, in practice, the most powerful...
    
     (1996–2007)

• • • Administrator - Bill Taylor, Administrator of Christmas Island (1999–2003)
    • Shire President - Dave McLane, Shire president of Christmas Island (1998–2001)
  • Cocos (Keeling) Islands
    Cocos (Keeling) Islands
    The Territory of the Cocos Islands, also called Cocos Islands and Keeling Islands, is a territory of Australia, located in the Indian Ocean, southwest of Christmas Island and approximately midway between Australia and Sri Lanka....
    
     (external territory of Australia)
    • Administrator - Bill Taylor, Administrator of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1999–2003)
    • Shire President - Mohammad Said Chongkin, Shire president of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1999-2001)
  •  Norfolk Island (self-governing territory of Australia)
    • Administrator - Tony Messner
      Tony Messner
      Anthony John Messner AO is a former Australian politician and minister.Messner was born in Melbourne and educated at a state primary school in Queensland, Pulteney Grammar School, Adelaide and the South Australian Institute of Technology.Messner was elected as a Senator for South Australia at the...
      
      , Administrator of Norfolk Island (1997–2003)
    • Chief Minister -
      1. George Charles Smith, Chief Minister of Norfolk Island (1997–2000)
      2. Ronald Coane Nobbs, Chief Minister of Norfolk Island (2000–2001)
•  Fiji -
  • President -
    1. Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara
       Kamisese Mara
       Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, CF, GCMG, KBE is considered the founding father of the modern nation of Fiji. He was Chief Minister from 1967 to 1970, when Fiji gained its independence from the United Kingdom, and, apart from one brief interruption in 1987, the first Prime Minister from 1970 to 1992...
       
       , President of Fiji (1993–2000)
    2. Frank Bainimarama
       Frank Bainimarama
       Commodore Josaia Voreqe Bainimarama, CF, MSD, OStJ, Fijian Navy, known commonly as Frank Bainimarama and sometimes by the chiefly title Ratu , is a Fijian naval officer and politician. He is the Commander of the Fijian Military Forces and, as of April 2009, Prime Minister...
       
       , Head of the Interim Military Government of Fiji (2000)
    3. Ratu Josefa Iloilo
       Josefa Iloilo
       Ratu Josefa Iloilovatu Uluivuda, CF, MBE, MSD, KStJ was the President of Fiji from 2000 until 2009, excluding a brief period from 5 December 2006 until 4 January 2007 . He held the traditional title of Tui Vuda, the paramount chief of the Vuda district in Ba Province on Fiji's northwest coast...
       
       , President of Fiji (2000–2009)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Mahendra Chaudhry
       Mahendra Chaudhry
       Mahendra Pal Chaudhry is a Fijian politician and the leader of the Fiji Labour Party...
       
       , Prime Minister of Fiji (1999–2000)
    2. Ratu Tevita Momoedonu
       Tevita Momoedonu
       Ratu Tatu Tevita Momoedonu is a Fijian chief and has served as the fifth Prime Minister of Fiji twice - each time extremely briefly. Both appointments were to get around constitutional technicalities; his first term of office - on 27 May 2000 lasted only a few minutes. His second term - from 14...
       
       , Prime Minister of Fiji (2000)
    3. Laisenia Qarase
       Laisenia Qarase
       Laisenia Qarase is a Fijian political figure. He served as the sixth Prime Minister of Fiji from 2000 to 2006. After the military quashed the coup that led to the removal of Mahendra Chaudhry, Qarase joined the Interim Military Government as a financial adviser on 9 June 2000, until his appointment...
       
       , Interim Prime Minister of Fiji (2000–2001) (French overseas territory)
  • High Commissioner - Jean Aribaud, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (1997–2001)
  • President of the Government - Gaston Flosse
    Gaston Flosse
    Gaston Flosse is a French Polynesian politician who has been President of French Polynesia on four separate occasions. He is currently a member of the Senate of France.-Life and career:...
    
    , President of the Government of French Polynesia
    President of French Polynesia
    This is the list of Presidents of French Polynesia.-See also:*List of monarchs of Tahiti*Colonial and Departmental Heads of French Polynesia-External links:*...
    
     (1991–2004) (Insular area
    Insular area
    An insular area is a United States territory, that is neither a part of one of the fifty U.S. states nor the District of Columbia, the federal district of the United States...
    
     of the United States)
  • Governor - Carl T.C. Gutierrez
    Carl T.C. Gutierrez
    Carl Tommy Cruz Gutierrez is a Guamanian politician.He has served at total of 10 terms in the Guam Legislature and ran unsuccessfully for Governor in 1978 , and again in 1986. Gutierrez was defeated by Governor Ricardo J. Bordallo and Lieutenant Governor Edward D. Reyes in 1986...
    
    , Governor of Guam (1995–2003)
•  Kiribati
  • President - Teburoro Tito
    Teburoro Tito
    Teburoro Tito was the President and foreign minister of Kiribati from October 1, 1994 to March 28, 2003. He was elected for the first time in 1994. He was reelected in 1998 with 52% of the vote. His main opponent was Harry Tong, who later ran against his brother, current President Anote Tong...
    
    , President of Kiribati
    President of Kiribati
    The President of Kiribati is the head of state and head of government of Kiribati.Following a general election, by which citizens elect the members of the House of Assembly, members select from their midst "not less than 3 nor more than 4 candidates" for the presidency. No other person may stand...
    
     (1994–2003)
•  Marshall Islands
  • President -
    1. Imata Kabua
       Imata Kabua
       Imata Kabua was President of the Marshall Islands from 14 January 1997 to 10 January 2000. He became the Iroijlaplap of Kwajalein after the death of Amata Kabua.-References:* . Rulers.org. Accessed 2011-02-01....
       
       , President of the Marshall Islands
       President of the Marshall Islands
       -List of Presidents of the Marshall Islands:...
       
        (1997–2000)
    2. Kessai Note
       Kessai Note
       Kessai Hesa Note is a former President of the Marshall Islands, having served from 2000 to 2008.Having served as Speaker of Parliament since 1988, he was elected President in 2000, and was the first commoner to be elected to the Presidency...
       
       , President of the Marshall Islands
       President of the Marshall Islands
       -List of Presidents of the Marshall Islands:...
       
        (2000–2008)
•  Federated States of Micronesia
  • President - Leo Falcam
    Leo Falcam
    Leo Amy Falcam is a Micronesian political figure. He was born in Pohnpei. He served as the first elected Governor of Pohnpei from 1979 to 1983 and as Vice President of Micronesia from May 1997 to May 1999. He then served as the fifth president of the Federated States of Micronesia from May 11,...
    
    , President of the Federated States of Micronesia
    President of the Federated States of Micronesia
    The following is a list of the Presidents of the Federated States of Micronesia:-See also:*High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands...
    
     (1999–2003)
•  Nauru
  • President -
    1. René Harris
       René Harris
       René Reynaldo Harris was President of the Republic of Nauru four times between 1999 and 2004. He was a Member of Parliament from 1977 to 2008.-Background and early career:...
       
       , President of Nauru
       President of Nauru
       The President of Nauru is elected by Parliament from amongst its members. He is both the head of state and head of government of Nauru. Nauru's unicameral Parliament has 18 members, with an electoral term of 3 years. Political parties only play a minor role in Nauru politics, and there has often...
       
        (1999–2000)
    2. Bernard Dowiyogo
       Bernard Dowiyogo
       HE Bernard Annen Auwen Dowiyogo was President of the Republic of Nauru.-Background and early career:He first became an elected member of Nauru's 18-seat parliament in 1973...
       
       , President of Nauru
       President of Nauru
       The President of Nauru is elected by Parliament from amongst its members. He is both the head of state and head of government of Nauru. Nauru's unicameral Parliament has 18 members, with an electoral term of 3 years. Political parties only play a minor role in Nauru politics, and there has often...
       
        (2000–2001) (Sui Generis Collectivity of France)
  • High Commissioner - Thierry Lataste, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (1999–2002)
  • President of the Government - Jean Lèques
    Jean Lèques
    Jean Lèques is a New Caledonian politician. He has served as mayor of Nouméa since 1986; between 1999 and 2001 he was president of the government of New Caledonia.-References:...
    
    , President of the Government of New Caledonia
    President of the Government of New Caledonia
    This is the list of Presidents of the Government of New Caledonia since 1998, when the Nouméa Accord was signed. The President is often from the largest party in the Congress of New Caledonia, though the government itself is made up of cabinet ministers from all parties in Congress, allocated...
    
     (1999–2001)
•  New Zealand
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand
    Monarchy in New Zealand
    The monarchy of New Zealand also referred to as The Crown in Right of New Zealand, Her Majesty in Right of New Zealand, or The Queen in Right of New Zealand is the constitutional system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign and head of state of the Realm of New Zealand,...
    
     (1952–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Michael Hardie Boys
    Michael Hardie Boys
    -External links:*-References:...
    
    , Governor-General of New Zealand
    Governor-General of New Zealand
    The Governor-General of New Zealand is the representative of the monarch of New Zealand . The Governor-General acts as the Queen's vice-regal representative in New Zealand and is often viewed as the de facto head of state....
    
     (1996–2001)
  • Prime Minister - Helen Clark
    Helen Clark
    Helen Elizabeth Clark, ONZ is a New Zealand political figure who was the 37th Prime Minister of New Zealand for three consecutive terms from 1999 to 2008...
    
    , Prime Minister of New Zealand
    Prime Minister of New Zealand
    The Prime Minister of New Zealand is New Zealand's head of government consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the Parliament of New Zealand...
    
     (1999–2008)
  •  Cook Islands (Associated state
    Associated state
    An associated state is the minor partner in a formal, free relationship between a political territory with a degree of statehood and a nation, for which no other specific term, such as protectorate, is adopted...
    
     of New Zealand)
    • Queen's Representative -
      1. Sir Apenera Short
         Apenera Short
         Sir Apenera Pera Short KBE was a Cook Islands politician and from 1990 to 2000 was the Queen's Representative in the Cook Islands....
         
         , Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands
         Queen's Representative
         The Queen's Representative is the formal title given to the representative of Queen Elizabeth II, as Queen of New Zealand, in the Cook Islands....
         
          (1990–2000)
      2. Lawrence Murray Greig, Acting Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands
         Queen's Representative
         The Queen's Representative is the formal title given to the representative of Queen Elizabeth II, as Queen of New Zealand, in the Cook Islands....
         
          (2000–2001)
    • Prime Minister - Terepai Maoate
      Terepai Maoate
      Sir Terepai Tuamure Maoate, KBE was Prime Minister of the Cook Islands from 18 November 1999 to 11 February 2002. He is a member of the Cook Islands Democratic Party...
      
      , Prime Minister of the Cook Islands
      Prime Minister of the Cook Islands
      The Prime Minister of the Cook Islands is the official rsponsible for heading Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II's government in the Cook Islands, a self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand. The office was established in 1965, when self-government was first granted to the islands...
      
       (1999–2002)
  •  Niue (associated state
    Associated state
    An associated state is the minor partner in a formal, free relationship between a political territory with a degree of statehood and a nation, for which no other specific term, such as protectorate, is adopted...
    
     of New Zealand)
    • Premier - Sani Lakatani
      Sani Lakatani
      Sani Elia Lagigietama Lakatani is a former Premier of Niue. He was a member of the Niue People's Party.-References:...
      
      , Premier of Niue
      Premier of Niue
      The Premier of Niue is Niue's head of government. He or she is elected by the Niue Assembly, and forms a Cabinet consisting of him- or herself and three other members of the Assembly....
      
       (1999–2002)
  •  New Zealand Tokelau
    Tokelau
    Tokelau is a territory of New Zealand in the South Pacific Ocean that consists of three tropical coral atolls with a combined land area of 10 km2 and a population of approximately 1,400...
    
     (dependent territory
    Dependent territory
    A dependent territory, dependent area or dependency is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a State, and remains politically outside of the controlling state's integral area....
    
     of New Zealand)
    • Administrator - Lindsay Watt, Administrator of Tokelau (1993–2003)
    • Head of Government -
      1. Pio Tuia
         Pio Tuia
         Pio Tuia was five times Ulu o Tokelau, head of government of Tokelau. The position of ulu rotates annually between the three faipule , who are elected for terms lasting three years. Tuia served as ulu for the fifth time from 2008 to 2009 and is the faipule of Nukunonu...
         
         , Head of Government of Tokelau (1999–2000)
      2. Kolouei O'Brien
         Kolouei O'Brien
         Kolouei O'Brien is a politician from Tokelau and current faipule of Fakaofo. He has served as the head of government of Tokelau three times previously, from February 2000 until February 2001, from February 2003 until February 2004, and from February 2006 until February 2007. Kolouei O'Brien has his...
         
         , Head of Government of Tokelau (2000–2001) (Commonwealth
         Commonwealth (United States insular area)
         In the terminology of the United States insular areas, a Commonwealth is a type of organized but unincorporated dependent territory.The definition of "Commonwealth" according to current U.S. State Department policy reads: "The term 'Commonwealth' does not describe or provide for any specific...
         
          of the United States)
  • Governor - Pedro Tenorio
    Pedro Tenorio
    Pedro P. Tenorio was the second and fifth elected Governor of the United States Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.Tenorio was born on Saipan. He graduated from George Washington High School in Guam and attended the University of Guam. He has worked as a schoolteacher, a shipping...
    
    , Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (1998–2002)
•  Palau
  • President - Kuniwo Nakamura
    Kuniwo Nakamura
    Kuniwo Nakamura was the President and foreign minister of Palau from 1993 until 2001.-Background and early life:Nakamura is the son of a Japanese immigrant from Matsusaka, Ise Province and a Palauan chieftain's daughter. He was studying in his second year of primary school when the surrender of...
    
    , President of Palau
    President of Palau
    -List of Presidents of Palau:-Latest election:-See also:*Vice-President of Palau*High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands...
    
     (1993–2001)
•  Papua New Guinea
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Silas Atopare
    Silas Atopare
    Sir Silas Atopare, GCL, GCMG was the seventh Governor-General of Papua New Guinea from November 1997 until November 2003.Atopare is a member Seventh-day Adventist Church. In 1998, he was knighted in the Order of St Michael and St George. In 2008 Sir Silas was appointed a Grand Chief in the Order...
    
    , Governor-General of Papua New Guinea
    Governor-General of Papua New Guinea
    The Governor-General of Papua New Guinea is the viceregal representative of Queen Elizabeth II, known in Tok Pisin as 'Missis Kwin', Papua New Guinea's head of state, performing the duties of the Queen in her absence...
    
     (1997–2003)
  • Prime Minister - Sir Mekere Morauta
    Mekere Morauta
    Sir Mekere Morauta, KCMG is a Papua New Guinean political figure. He served as the sixth Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea between 1999 and 2002, and later as Leader of the Opposition. He is the sitting member for Moresby North-West in the national parliament, and he was until recently the...
    
    , Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea
    Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea
    The Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea, is Papua New Guinea's head of government, consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the National Parliament. Since 2 August 2011, the Prime Minister has been Peter O’Neill of the People's National Congress Party.-List...
    
     (1999–2002) (British dependent territory)
  • Governor - Martin Williams, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands
    Governor of the Pitcairn Islands
    The Governor of the Pitcairn Islands is the representative of the British crown in the Pitcairn Islands, which are the last remaining British territory in the Pacific Ocean...
    
     (1998–2001)
  • Mayor - Steve Christian
    Steve Christian
    Steven Raymond Christian is a political figure from the Pacific territory of the Pitcairn Islands.-Mayor:...
    
    , Mayor of the Pitcairn Islands (1999–2004)
•  Samoa
  • Head of State - Malietoa Tanumafili II, O le Ao o le Malo of Samoa
    O le Ao o le Malo
    O le Ao o le Malo is the Samoan head of state, which is the title's rough translation....
    
     (1962–2007)
  • Prime Minister - Tuilaepa Sailele Malielegaoi, Prime Minister of Samoa
    Prime Minister of Samoa
    This is a list of Prime Ministers of Samoa from the establishment of that office in 1875 until the present day.-List of Prime Ministers of Samoa :-See also:*Samoa**Politics of Samoa...
    
     (1998–present)
•  Solomon Islands -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of the Solomon Islands
    Monarch of the Solomon Islands
    The monarchy of the Solomon Islands is a system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign of the Solomon Islands. The present monarch of the Solomon Islands is Queen Elizabeth II. The Solomon Islands share the Sovereign with a number of Commonwealth realms...
    
     (1978–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir John Lapli
    John Lapli
    Sir John Ini Lapli GCMG, was the Governor-General of the Solomon Islands from July 7, 1999 until July 7, 2004.Prior to his election as Governor-General in June 1999, Lapli was Premier of Temotu Province...
    
    , Governor-General of the Solomon Islands
    Governor-General of the Solomon Islands
    The Governor-General of Solomon Islands is the representative of the Queen of Solomon Islands, Elizabeth II. The Queen does not reside in the islands, and so the Governor-General serves as the country's de facto head of state in her absence....
    
     (1999–2004)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Bartholomew Ulufa'alu
       Bartholomew Ulufa'alu
       Bartholomew Ulufa'alu was the fifth Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands from 27 August 1997 to 30 June 2000....
       
       , Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands
       Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands
       The Prime Minister of Solomon Islands is Solomon Islands' head of government, consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the National Parliament. Solomon Islands is a Commonwealth realm. Since August 2010, the Prime Minister has been Danny Philip of the Reform...
       
        (1997–2000)
    2. Manasseh Sogavare
       Manasseh Sogavare
       Manasseh Damukana Sogavare was the sixth Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands from 2000 to 2001 and again from 2006 to 2007. He has served in the National Parliament as Member for East Choiseul since 1997, and he is currently the Leader of the Opposition.-Biography:Sogavare was Permanent...
       
       , Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands
       Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands
       The Prime Minister of Solomon Islands is Solomon Islands' head of government, consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the National Parliament. Solomon Islands is a Commonwealth realm. Since August 2010, the Prime Minister has been Danny Philip of the Reform...
       
        (2000–2001)
•  Tonga
  • Monarch - Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965–2006)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Baron Vaea, Prime Minister of Tonga
       Prime Minister of Tonga
       This is a list of Prime Ministers of Tonga from the establishment of that office in 1876 until the present day.-List of Premiers/Prime Ministers of Tonga :-External links:*...
       
        (1991–2000)
    2. Prince Lavaka Ata 'Ulukalala, Prime Minister of Tonga
       Prime Minister of Tonga
       This is a list of Prime Ministers of Tonga from the establishment of that office in 1876 until the present day.-List of Premiers/Prime Ministers of Tonga :-External links:*...
       
        (2000–2006)
•  Tuvalu
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Tuvalu (1978–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Tomasi Puapua
    Tomasi Puapua
    Sir Tomasi Puapua, GCMG, KBE, PC is a political figure from the Pacific nation of Tuvalu.-Prime minister:He was the second Prime Minister of Tuvalu from 1981-1989...
    
    , Governor-General of Tuvalu
    Governor-General of Tuvalu
    The Governor-General of Tuvalu is the representative of Queen Elizabeth II as Queen of Tuvalu, the nation's Head of State, and performs the duties of the Queen in her absence.-History:...
    
     (1998–2003)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Ionatana Ionatana
       Ionatana Ionatana
       Ionatana Ionatana, CVO, OBE , was a political figure from the Pacific nation of Tuvalu. He was the fifth Prime Minister of Tuvalu from April 27, 1999, to December 8, 2000.-Background:...
       
       , Prime Minister of Tuvalu
       Prime Minister of Tuvalu
       The Prime Minister of Tuvalu is the head of government of Tuvalu. According to Tuvalu's constitution, the Prime Minister must always be a member of Parliament, and is elected by Parliament in a secret ballot. Because there are no political parties in Tuvalu, any member of Parliament can be...
       
        (1999–2000)
    2. Lagitupu Tuilimu
       Lagitupu Tuilimu
       The Rt Hon Lagitupu Tulimu is a political figure from the Pacific nation of Tuvalu. He has served as the acting Prime Minister of Tuvalu.-Early political career:...
       
       , Acting Prime Minister of Tuvalu
       Prime Minister of Tuvalu
       The Prime Minister of Tuvalu is the head of government of Tuvalu. According to Tuvalu's constitution, the Prime Minister must always be a member of Parliament, and is elected by Parliament in a secret ballot. Because there are no political parties in Tuvalu, any member of Parliament can be...
       
        (2000–2001)
•  Vanuatu -
  • President - John Bani
    John Bani
    Father John Bennett Bani was the president and head of state of Vanuatu from 25 March 1999 until March 24, 2004.He resigned in 2004.He is an Anglican priest from Pentecost Island....
    
    , President of Vanuatu
    President of Vanuatu
    The President of Vanuatu is the head of state of Vanuatu. The President is elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and the presidents of the regional councils.The President's role is mostly ceremonial...
    
     (1999–2004)
  • Prime Minister - Barak Sopé
    Barak Sopé
    Barak Tame Sopé Mautamata is a politician from Vanuatu. He is the leader of the Melanesian Progressive Party and was, until 2008, a member of the ni-Vanuatu parliament from the island of Efate...
    
    , Prime Minister of Vanuatu (1999–2001) (French overseas territory)
  • Administrator-Superior -
    1. Christian Dors, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna
       Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna
       The Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna is the representative of the President of the French Republic in Wallis and Futuna. The current Administrator is Michel Jeanjean...
       
        (1998–2000)
    2. Alain Waquet, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna
       Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna
       The Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna is the representative of the President of the French Republic in Wallis and Futuna. The current Administrator is Michel Jeanjean...
       
        (2000–2002)
  • President of the Territorial Assembly - Soane Mani Uhila, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna
    Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna
    Wallis and Futuna elects on territorial level a legislature. The Territorial Assembly has 20 members, elected for a five year term by proportional representation in multi-seat constituencies....
    
     (1999–2001)

South America

•  Argentina
  • President - Fernando de la Rúa
    Fernando de la Rúa
    Fernando de la Rúa is an Argentine politician. He was president of the country from December 10, 1999 to December 21, 2001 for the Alliance for Work, Justice and Education ....
    
    , President of Argentina (1999–2001)
•  Bolivia
  • President - Hugo Banzer
    Hugo Banzer
    Hugo Banzer Suárez was a politician, military general, dictator and President of Bolivia. He held the Bolivian presidency twice: from August 22, 1971 to July 21, 1978, as a dictator; and then again from August 6, 1997 to August 7, 2001, as constitutional President.-Military and ideological...
    
    , President of Bolivia
    President of Bolivia
    The President of Bolivia is head of state and head of government of Bolivia. According to the current Constitution, the president is elected by popular vote to a five year term, renewable once...
    
     (1997–2001)
•  Brazil
  • President - Fernando Henrique Cardoso
    Fernando Henrique Cardoso
    Fernando Henrique Cardoso – also known by his initials FHC – was the 34th President of the Federative Republic of Brazil for two terms from January 1, 1995 to December 31, 2002. He is an accomplished sociologist, professor and politician...
    
    , President of Brazil (1995–2003)
•  Chile
  • President -
    1. Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle
       Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle
       Eduardo Alfredo Juan Bernardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle is a Chilean politician and civil engineer who was President of Chile from 1994 to 2000. He is currently Senator for Los Ríos and was President of the Senate from 2006 to 2008. He attempted a comeback as the candidate of the ruling Concertación...
       
       , President of Chile
       President of Chile
       The President of the Republic of Chile is both the head of state and the head of government of the Republic of Chile. The President is responsible of the government and state administration...
       
        (1994–2000)
    2. Ricardo Lagos
       Ricardo Lagos
       Ricardo Froilán Lagos Escobar is a lawyer, economist and social democrat politician, who served as president of Chile from 2000 to 2006. He won the 1999-2000 presidential election by a narrow margin in a runoff over Independent Democrat Union candidate Joaquín Lavín...
       
       , President of Chile
       President of Chile
       The President of the Republic of Chile is both the head of state and the head of government of the Republic of Chile. The President is responsible of the government and state administration...
       
        (2000–2006)
•  Colombia
  • President - Andrés Pastrana Arango
    Andrés Pastrana Arango
    Andrés Pastrana Arango was the President of Colombia from 1998 to 2002, following in the footsteps of his father, Misael Pastrana, who was president from 1970 to 1974.-Early years:...
    
    , President of Colombia (1998–2002)
•  Ecuador
  • President -
    1. Jamil Mahuad
       Jamil Mahuad
       Jorge Jamil Mahuad Witt is an Ecuadorian lawyer and politician and the 51st President of Ecuador from August 10, 1998 to January 21, 2000. There was a severe economic crisis in Ecuador , which had led to a 60% cut in the armed forces budget...
       
       , President of Ecuador (1998–2000)
    2. Gustavo Noboa
       Gustavo Noboa
       Gustavo José Joaquín Noboa Bejarano is an Ecuadorian politician, former President of Ecuador and Vice President during Jamil Mahuad's government.- Education :...
       
       , President of Ecuador (2000–2003) (British dependent territory)
  • Governor - Donald Lamont, Governor of the Falkland Islands
    Governor of the Falkland Islands
    The Governor of the Falkland Islands is the representative of the British Crown in the Falkland Islands, acting "in Her Majesty's name and on Her Majesty's behalf" as the islands' de facto head of state in the absence of the British monarch...
    
     (1999–2002)
  • Chief Executive - Michael Blanch
    Michael Blanch
    Michael Dennis Blanch TD is a British diplomat who served as Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands from January 2000 to March 2003, and again as interim Chief Executive from 12 September 2007 to 3 January 2008....
    
    , Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands
    Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands
    The Chief Executive of the Falklands Islands is the head of government of the Falkland Islands, as well as head of the public service responsible for the efficient and effective management of the Falkland Islands Government...
    
     (2000–2003)
•  Guyana -
  • President - Bharrat Jagdeo
    Bharrat Jagdeo
    Bharrat Jagdeo is a Guyanese politician who has been President of Guyana since 11 August 1999. Prior to his presidency he was Minister of Finance and became President after Janet Jagan resigned for health reasons; subsequently he won two elections, in 2001 and 2006.Jagdeo was born in Unity Village...
    
    , President of Guyana (1999–present)
  • Prime Minister - Sam Hinds
    Sam Hinds
    Samuel Archibald Anthony Hinds is a Guyanese politician who has been Prime Minister of Guyana almost continuously since 1992...
    
    , Prime Minister of Guyana (1999–present)
•  Paraguay
  • President - Luis Ángel González Macchi
    Luis Ángel González Macchi
    Luis Ángel González Macchi was the President of Paraguay from 1999 until 2003.As the president of Paraguay's legislature, González Macchi succeeded to the office of president on March 29, 1999 following the assassination six days earlier of the Vice President, Luis María Argaña, and the subsequent...
    
    , President of Paraguay (1999–2003)
•  Peru
  • President -
    1. Alberto Fujimori
       Alberto Fujimori
       Alberto Fujimori Fujimori served as President of Peru from 28 July 1990 to 17 November 2000. A controversial figure, Fujimori has been credited with the creation of Fujimorism, uprooting terrorism in Peru and restoring its macroeconomic stability, though his methods have drawn charges of...
       
       , President of Peru (1990–2000)
    2. Valentín Paniagua
       Valentín Paniagua
       Valentín Paniagua Corazao was a Peruvian politician and former Interim President of Peru. Paniagua was elected by the Peruvian Congress to serve as interim president of the country after Alberto Fujimori was ousted from office by Congress in November 2000.As Interim President, his main task was to...
       
       , Interim President of Peru (2000–2001)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Alberto Bustamante Belaunde
       Alberto Bustamante Belaunde
       José Alberto Bustamante Belaúnde was a Peruvian politician. He was the 48th Prime Minister of Peru from 1999–2000, under President Alberto Fujimori.-Biography:...
       
       , President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (1999–2000)
    2. Federico Salas
       Federico Salas
       Luis Federico Salas Guevara Schultz is a Peruvian politician. He was the 49th Prime Minister of Peru in 2000, under President Alberto Fujimori.- Biography :Federico Salas was born in Lima on September 4, 1950...
       
       , President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (2000)
    3. Javier Pérez de Cuéllar
       Javier Pérez de Cuéllar
       Javier Pérez de Cuéllar y de la Guerra is a Peruvian diplomat who served as the fifth Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1, 1982 to December 31, 1991. He studied in Colegio San Agustín of Lima, and then at Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. In 1995, he ran unsuccessfully...
       
       , President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (2000–2001)
•  Suriname
  • President -
    1. Jules Wijdenbosch
       Jules Wijdenbosch
       Jules Albert Wijdenbosch is a politician in Suriname. He was a member of the National Democratic Party, which held absolute power in Suriname during the 1980s. He was Prime Minister from April 1987 until January 1988, Vice President from January 1991 until September 1991, and President from...
       
       , President of Suriname
       President of Suriname
       The President of the Republic of Suriname is, in accordance with the Constitution of 1987, the head of state, head of government, and commander-in-chief of Suriname....
       
        (1996–2000)
    2. Ronald Venetiaan
       Ronald Venetiaan
       Ronald Runaldo Venetiaan served as the 6th and 8th President of Suriname. His first term as president ran from 1991 to 1996 after which he lost in the elections to Jules Wijdenbosch...
       
       , President of Suriname
       President of Suriname
       The President of the Republic of Suriname is, in accordance with the Constitution of 1987, the head of state, head of government, and commander-in-chief of Suriname....
       
        (2000–2010)
•  Uruguay
  • President -
    1. Julio María Sanguinetti, President of Uruguay (1995–2000)
    2. Jorge Batlle Ibáñez
       Jorge Batlle Ibáñez
       Jorge Luis Batlle Ibáñez is a politician from Uruguay, a member of the Colorado Party. He served as the President of Uruguay from 2000 to 2005....
       
       , President of Uruguay (2000–2005)
•  Venezuela
  • President - Hugo Chávez
    Hugo Chávez
    Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías is the 56th and current President of Venezuela, having held that position since 1999. He was formerly the leader of the Fifth Republic Movement political party from its foundation in 1997 until 2007, when he became the leader of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela...
    
    , President of Venezuela (1999–2002)