Table of voting systems by nation
Encyclopedia
This table deals with voting to select candidates for office, not for the passing of legislation.
s. In some elections, there is one person elected per district. In others, there are many people elected per district. Electoral districts can have different names, see list of electoral districts by nation.
Total number of seats : the number of representatives elected to the body in total.
Election threshold : see Election threshold
FPTP
: Using the system of First Past The Post voting to pick a single winner per district
Party list
: One of many Party-list proportional representation
systems. Where possible, this has been replaced by the allocation system used within the party-list (e.g. D'Hondt method
)
Parallel voting
: This means that two simultaneous systems are used to elect representatives to the same body. If there is interchange between the two systems (e.g. the number elected in one system affects the number elected in the other) then this is called the additional member system
.
Voting systems by country
| Country | Body | System Voting system A voting system or electoral system is a method by which voters make a choice between options, often in an election or on a policy referendum.... |
Seats per District | Total seats | Threshold Election threshold In party-list proportional representation systems, an election threshold is a clause that stipulates that a party must receive a minimum percentage of votes, either nationally or within a particular district, to obtain any seats in the parliament... |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan Elections in Afghanistan This article gives information on elections in Afghanistan.Though Afghanistan has had democratic elections throughout the 20th century, the election institutions have varied as changes in regimes have disrupted political continuity... |
President President of Afghanistan Afghanistan has only been a republic between 1973 and 1992 and from 2001 onwards. Before 1973, it was a monarchy that was governed by a variety of kings, emirs or shahs... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| House of the People House of the People (Afghanistan) The House of the People or Wolesi Jirga , abbreviated WJ, is the lower house of the bicameral National Assembly of Afghanistan, alongside the House of Elders.... |
SNTV Single non-transferable vote The single non-transferable vote or SNTV is an electoral system used in multi-member constituency elections.- Voting :In any election, each voter casts one vote for one candidate in a multi-candidate race for multiple offices. Posts are filled by the candidates with the most votes... |
249 | |||
| Albania Elections in Albania Albania holds elections on a national level for a legislature. The Assembly of Albania has 140 members elected for four-year terms. The electoral system is closed list proportional representation. There are 12 multi-member constituencies corresponding to the country's 12 administrative regions... |
Assembly Assembly of Albania The Parliament of Albania , formerly the People's Parliament is the unicameral parliament of the Republic of Albania.It has 140 members, elected for four-year terms. The electoral system is closed list proportional representation. There are 12 multi-member constituencies, corresponding to the... |
MMP Mixed member proportional representation Mixed-member proportional representation, also termed mixed-member proportional voting and commonly abbreviated to MMP, is a voting system originally used to elect representatives to the German Bundestag, and nowadays adopted by numerous legislatures around the world... : Largest remainder Largest remainder method The largest remainder method is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems... (Hare quota Hare quota The Hare quota is a formula used under some forms of the Single Transferable Vote system and the largest remainder method of party-list proportional representation... ) |
40 / 1 | 140 | 2.5% (parties), 4% (coalitions) |
| Algeria Elections in Algeria Algeria elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five year term by the people. People's National Assembly has 380 members, elected for a five year term in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation... |
President President of Algeria The President of Algeria is the head of state and chief executive of Algeria, as well as the Commander-in-Chief of the Algerian armed forces.-History of the office:... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| People's National Assembly People's National Assembly The People's National Assembly is the lower house of the Algerian Parliament. It is composed of 380 members directly elected by the population.... |
Party list Party-list proportional representation Party-list proportional representation systems are a family of voting systems emphasizing proportional representation in elections in which multiple candidates are elected... |
380 | 5% | ||
| Andorra Elections in Andorra Elections in Andorra gives information on election and election results in Andorra.Andorra elects on national level a legislature. The General Council has 28 members, elected for a four year term, 14 in two-seat constituencies and 14 by proportional representation.Andorra has a multi-party... |
General Council General Council of the Valleys The General Council is the unicameral parliament of Andorra. It is sometimes referred to as the General Council of the Valleys because it was the historical name and to distinguish it from similarly named bodies in the Val d'Aran and in France.-Organization:There are twenty-eight "general... |
Parallel Parallel voting Parallel voting describes a mixed voting system where voters in effect participate in two separate elections for a single chamber using different systems, and where the results in one election have little or no impact on the results of the other... : Nationwide party lists Party-list proportional representation Party-list proportional representation systems are a family of voting systems emphasizing proportional representation in elections in which multiple candidates are elected... / Constituency lists Election by list An election by list is a system of election of political representatives by which the electors of an area vote for lists of candidates. If the system is an election by majority , the list that win get all the representatives for that area... |
14 / 2 | 28 | |
| Angola Elections in Angola According to the constitution of 1991, Angola elected on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president was elected by the people for a five-year term , by absolute majority - and if no candidate reached absolute majority, there had to be a second turn, with... |
President President of Angola The President of the Republic of Angola is both head of state and head of government in Angola. While the President appoints a Prime Minister, executive authority usually belongs to the President.... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
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| National Assembly National Assembly of Angola The National Assembly is the legislative branch of the government of Angola.The National Assembly is a unicameral body, with 220 members: 130 members elected by proportional representation and 90 members elected by provincial districts. Theoretically, the Assembly sits for a four-year term... |
D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... (closed list Closed list Closed list describes the variant of party-list proportional representation where voters can only vote for political parties as a whole and thus have no influence on the party-supplied order in which party candidates are elected... s) |
5 per province, 130 across country, + 3 representatives from abroad | 233 | ||
| Antigua and Barbuda Elections in Antigua and Barbuda Elections in Antigua and Barbuda take place in the framework of a parliamentary democracy.-Electoral system:The country's electoral law was passed on 31 October 1975 and was last amended in 2002. Elections are overseen by the Office of the Supervisor of Elections and an Electoral Commission, which... |
House of Representatives House of Representatives of Antigua and Barbuda The House of Representatives of Antigua and Barbuda is the lower chamber of the country's bicameral parliament.The current House of Representatives, formed following elections held on 12 March 2009, has a total of 19 members. 17 members are directly elected to five year terms from single member... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
17 | ||
| Argentina Elections in Argentina This articles gives information on voting, elections and election results in Argentina. For details about government institutions and political parties, see Politics of Argentina.... |
President President of Argentina The President of the Argentine Nation , usually known as the President of Argentina, is the head of state of Argentina. Under the national Constitution, the President is also the chief executive of the federal government and Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces.Through Argentine history, the... |
Modified runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... (winner in 1st round with 45% of votes; or with 40% and a 10% lead over the second) |
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| Chamber of Deputies Argentine Chamber of Deputies The Chamber of Deputies is the lower house of the Argentine National Congress. This Chamber holds exclusive rights to create taxes, to draft troops, and to accuse the President, the ministers and the members of the Supreme Court before the Senate.... |
D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... (closed list Closed list Closed list describes the variant of party-list proportional representation where voters can only vote for political parties as a whole and thus have no influence on the party-supplied order in which party candidates are elected... s) |
5-70 (Renewed by halves) | 257 | 3% | |
| Senate Argentine Senate The Argentine Senate is the upper house of the Argentine National Congress. It has 72 senators: three for each province and three for the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires... |
2 seats to most voted party or coalition, 1 seat to second most voted party or coalition (closed list Closed list Closed list describes the variant of party-list proportional representation where voters can only vote for political parties as a whole and thus have no influence on the party-supplied order in which party candidates are elected... s) |
3 | 72 | ||
| Armenia Elections in Armenia Elections in Armenia gives information on election and election results in Armenia.Armenia elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people... |
President President of Armenia President of Armenia is the title of the head of state of Armenia since its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.-Democratic Republic of Armenia :*Avetis Aharonyan *Avetik Sahakyan *Avetis Aharonyan -Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and Armenian... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| National Assembly National Assembly of Armenia The Azgayin Zhoghov of Armenia is the official name of the legislative branch of the government of Armenia.-History:Until the promulgation of the Hatt-i Sharif of 1839, the patriarch and his clients, within limits, possessed authority over Armenian people in the Ottoman Empire... |
Parallel Parallel voting Parallel voting describes a mixed voting system where voters in effect participate in two separate elections for a single chamber using different systems, and where the results in one election have little or no impact on the results of the other... : Largest remainder Largest remainder method The largest remainder method is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems... (Hare quota Hare quota The Hare quota is a formula used under some forms of the Single Transferable Vote system and the largest remainder method of party-list proportional representation... ) / FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
75 / 1 | 131 | 5% | |
| Aruba Elections in Aruba Elections in Aruba gives information on election and election results in Aruba.Aruba elects on national level a legislature. The Estates have 21 members, elected for a four year term by proportional representation.... |
Estates Estates of Aruba The Estates of Aruba are the unicameral legislature or parliament of Aruba. The Estates have 21 members, elected for a four year term by proportional representation. Each member holds their seats until Parliament is dissolved which is every four years by a general election... |
21 | |||
| Australia Elections in Australia Australia elects a legislature the Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia using various electoral systems: see Australian electoral system. The Parliament consists of two chambers:... |
Senate Australian Senate The Senate is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of Australia, the lower house being the House of Representatives. Senators are popularly elected under a system of proportional representation. Senators are elected for a term that is usually six years; after a double dissolution, however,... |
STV Single transferable vote The single transferable vote is a voting system designed to achieve proportional representation through preferential voting. Under STV, an elector's vote is initially allocated to his or her most preferred candidate, and then, after candidates have been either elected or eliminated, any surplus or... |
6 per state per election, 2 per territory | 76 | |
| House of Representatives Australian House of Representatives The House of Representatives is one of the two houses of the Parliament of Australia; it is the lower house; the upper house is the Senate. Members of Parliament serve for terms of approximately three years.... |
IRV Instant-runoff voting Instant-runoff voting , also known as preferential voting, the alternative vote and ranked choice voting, is a voting system used to elect one winner. Voters rank candidates in order of preference, and their ballots are counted as one vote for their first choice candidate. If a candidate secures a... |
150 | |||
| Austria Elections in Austria This article provides information on elections and election results in Austria.On a federal level, there are two main elections: for head of state every six years, and for the... |
President President of Austria The President of Austria is the federal head of state of Austria. Though theoretically entrusted with great power by the constitution, in practice the President acts, for the most part, merely as a ceremonial figurehead... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| Nationalrat National Council of Austria The National Council is one of the two houses of the Austrian parliament. According to the constitution, the National Council and the complementary Federal Council are peers... |
Largest remainder Largest remainder method The largest remainder method is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems... (Hare quota Hare quota The Hare quota is a formula used under some forms of the Single Transferable Vote system and the largest remainder method of party-list proportional representation... ) at district and regional levels, D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... for remaining votes at national level |
183 | 4% | ||
| Azerbaijan Elections in Azerbaijan Elections in Azerbaijan gives information on election and election results in Azerbaijan.Azerbaijan elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five year term by the people; before a referendum changed this in 2009, the position was... |
President President of Azerbaijan The country of Azerbaijan is a presidential republic, with the President of Azerbaijan as the head of state, and the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan as head of government... |
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| National Assembly National Assembly of Azerbaijan The National Assembly , also transliterated as Milli Majlis is the legislative branch of government in Azerbaijan. The unicameral National Assembly has 125 deputies: previously 100 members were elected for five-year terms in single-seat constituencies and 25 were members elected by proportional... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
125 | |||
| Bahamas Elections in the Bahamas Elections in the Bahamas take place in the framework of a parliamentary democracy. Since independence voter turnout has been generally high in national elections, with a low of 87.9% in 1987 and a high of 98.5% in 1997.-Electoral system:... |
House of Assembly | FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
40 | ||
| Bahrain Elections in Bahrain The National Assembly is bicameral with the lower house, the Chamber of Deputies, having 40 members elected in single-seat constituencies for a four year term. The upper house, the Shura Council, has 40 members appointed by the King of Bahrain, with the stated aim of giving a voice to minority... |
Council of Representatives Council of Representatives of Bahrain The Council of Representatives , sometimes translated as the "Chamber of Deputies", is the name given to the lower house of the Bahraini National Assembly, the main legislative body of Bahrain.... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
40 | ||
| Bangladesh Elections in Bangladesh Elections in Bangladesh gives information on election and election results in Bangladesh.Bangladesh elects on national level a legislature with one house or chamber... |
Jatiyo Sangshad Jatiyo Sangshad Jatiya Sangsad or National Assembly is the national parliament of Bangladesh. The current parliament of Bangladesh contains 345 seats including 45 women reserved seats distributed on elected party position in the parliament, the occupants of which are called Members of Parliament or MPs... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
300 + 30 seats reserved for women | ||
| Barbados Elections in Barbados Elections in Barbados is the process of conducting general elections and formulating election results in Barbados. An election is a process in which a vote is held to democratically elect national candidates to an office. In the case of Barbados, it is the mechanism by which the electors choose... |
House of Assembly Barbados House of Assembly The House of Assembly is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of Barbados. It has 30 Members of Parliament , MPs are directly elected in single member constituencies using the simple-majority system for a term of five years.... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
1 (per "constituency") | 30 | |
| Belarus Elections in Belarus Belarus elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five year term by the people. The National Assembly has two chambers... |
President President of Belarus The office of President of Belarus is the head of state of Belarus. The office was created in 1994 with the passing of the Constitution of Belarus by the Supreme Soviet. This replaced the office of Chairman of the Supreme Soviet as the head of state... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| House of Representatives | FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
1 | 110 | ||
| Belgium Elections in Belgium Elections in Belgium gives information on election and election results in Belgium.Belgium elects its bicameral federal legislature, the Federal Parliament Elections in Belgium gives information on election and election results in Belgium.Belgium elects its bicameral federal legislature, the... |
Chamber of Representatives | D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... |
3–22 | 150 | 5% |
| Senate Belgian Senate The Belgian Senate is one of the two chambers of the bicameral Federal Parliament of Belgium, the other being the Chamber of Representatives. It is considered to be the "upper house" of the Federal Parliament.-History and future:... |
D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... |
15, 25 | 40 + 21 chosen by Community parliaments + 10 co-opted | ||
| Belize Elections in Belize Elections in Belize are the duly held elections held at various levels of government in the nation of Belize.- The Legislature :Dissolving the National Assembly is the prerogative of the Governor General of Belize, currently Sir Colville Young... |
National Assembly National Assembly of Belize The National Assembly of is the bicameral legislature of Belize. It is divided into the House of Representatives, with 29 members, and the Senate, with 13 members.- History :... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
29 | ||
| Benin Elections in Benin Benin elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five year term by the people. The National Assembly has 83 members, elected for a four year term by proportional representation.Benin has a multi-party system, which means that there... |
President | Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| National Assembly National Assembly of Benin The unicameral National Assembly of Benin is the country's legislative body.The current National Assembly has 83 members who are directly elected through a system of party-list proportional representation and serve five-year terms.-See also:... |
Largest remainder Largest remainder method The largest remainder method is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems... method |
83 | |||
| Bermuda Elections in Bermuda Elections in Bermuda have been taking place since 1968. Bermuda elects on territorial level a legislature. Parliament has two chambers. The House of Assembly has 36 members, elected for a five year term in single seat constituencies... |
House of Assembly House of Assembly of Bermuda The House of Assembly is the lower house of the Parliament of Bermuda. The house has 36 members, each elected for a five year term in a single seat constituencies.... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
36 | ||
| Bhutan Elections in Bhutan Elections in Bhutan are conducted at national and local levels. Suffrage is universal for citizens 18 and over, and under applicable election laws... |
National Assembly National Assembly of Bhutan The National Assembly is the elected lower house of Bhutan's new bicameral Parliament which also comprises the Druk Gyalpo and the National Council. It is the more powerful house.- Current National Assembly :... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
47 | ||
| National Council National Council of Bhutan The National Council is the upper house of Bhutan's new bicameral Parliament, which also comprises the Druk Gyalpo and the National Assembly. It is the subordinate house, and cannot author monetary or budget-related bills... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... (20 seats) |
130 + 20 appointed | |||
| Bolivia Elections in Bolivia Elections in Bolivia gives information on elections and election results in Bolivia.Bolivia elects on national level a head of state – the president – and a legislature. The president and the vice-president are elected for a five-year term by the people or parliament . The National... |
President President of Bolivia The President of Bolivia is head of state and head of government of Bolivia. According to the current Constitution, the president is elected by popular vote to a five year term, renewable once... |
Modified runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... (winner with 50% of votes or 40% and a 10% lead over the second) |
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| Chamber of Deputies National Congress of Bolivia The Plurinational Legislative Assembly also known as the National Congress is the national legislature of Bolivia, based in the nation's de facto capital, La Paz.... |
Supplementary Member System Mixed member proportional representation Mixed-member proportional representation, also termed mixed-member proportional voting and commonly abbreviated to MMP, is a voting system originally used to elect representatives to the German Bundestag, and nowadays adopted by numerous legislatures around the world... : FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... in uninominal (70 seats) and rural indigenous (7 seats) circonscriptions / D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... in 9 Departments Departments of Bolivia Bolivia is divided into nine departments . Each of the departments is subdivided into provinces , which are further subdivided into municipalities .... (53 seats) |
3-15 (uninominal) + 0-1 (special) / 1-13 (plurinominal) |
130 | ||
| Senate National Congress of Bolivia The Plurinational Legislative Assembly also known as the National Congress is the national legislature of Bolivia, based in the nation's de facto capital, La Paz.... |
D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... |
4 | 36 | ||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina Elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina Elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina gives information on elections and election results in Bosnia and Herzegovina.Bosnia and Herzegovina elects on national level the rotating presidency and a legislature.... |
Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina The Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the head of state of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-Overview:... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
1 | 3 (one each of the three major ethnic groups) | |
| House of Representatives House of Representatives of Bosnia and Herzegovina The House of Representatives of Bosnia and Herzegovina , is one of the two chambers of the Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with the other being the House of Peoples of Bosnia and HerzegovinaThe house of representatives of BiH consists of 42 members which are elected by... |
Sainte-Laguë method Sainte-Laguë method The Sainte-Laguë method is one way of allocating seats approximately proportional to the number of votes of a party to a party list used in many voting systems. It is named after the French mathematician André Sainte-Laguë. The Sainte-Laguë method is quite similar to the D'Hondt method, but uses... |
14, 28 | 42 | ||
| Botswana Elections in Botswana Elections in Botswana have been held regularly since independence, and have been consistently judged free and fair by international observers.... |
National Assembly National Assembly of Botswana The National Assembly of Botswana is the legislature of the country's unicameral Parliament. It is advised by the House of Chiefs, which is not a house of Parliament.... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
57 + 4 co-opted + 2 ex officio | ||
| Brazil Elections in Brazil Brazil elects on the national level a head of state – the president – and a legislature. The president is elected to a four-year term by the people. The National Congress has two chambers. The Chamber of Deputies has 513 members, elected to a four-year term by proportional... |
President President of Brazil The president of Brazil is both the head of state and head of government of the Federative Republic of Brazil. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the Brazilian Armed Forces... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| Chamber of Deputies Chamber of Deputies of Brazil The Chamber of Deputies of Brazil is a federal legislative body and the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil. As of 2006, the chamber comprises 513 deputies, who are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms... |
D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... (open list Open list Open list describes any variant of party-list proportional representation where voters have at least some influence on the order in which a party's candidates are elected... s) |
8–70 | 513 | 1 Hare quota Hare quota The Hare quota is a formula used under some forms of the Single Transferable Vote system and the largest remainder method of party-list proportional representation... |
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| Senate Senate of Brazil The Federal Senate of Brazil is the upper house of the National Congress of Brazil. Created by the first Constitution of the Brazilian Empire in 1824, it was inspired by the United Kingdom's House of Lords, but with the Proclamation of the Republic in 1889 it became closer to the United States... |
Plurality-at-large Plurality-at-large voting Plurality-at-large voting is a non-proportional voting system for electing several representatives from a single multimember electoral district using a series of check boxes and tallying votes similar to a plurality election... for dual-member elections, FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... otherwise |
1, 2 (alternates each election) | 81 | ||
| Bulgaria Elections in Bulgaria Elections in Bulgaria gives information on election and election results in Bulgaria.Bulgaria elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five year term by the people... |
President | Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| National Assembly National Assembly of Bulgaria The National Assembly of Bulgaria is the unicameral parliament and body of the legislative of the Republic of Bulgaria.The National Assembly of Bulgaria was established in 1879 with the Constitution of Bulgaria.-Ordinary National Assembly:... |
D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... (closed list Closed list Closed list describes the variant of party-list proportional representation where voters can only vote for political parties as a whole and thus have no influence on the party-supplied order in which party candidates are elected... s) |
4–14 | 240 | 4% | |
| Burkina Faso Elections in Burkina Faso Elections in Burkina Faso gives information on election and election results in Burkina Faso.Burkina Faso elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five year term by the people... |
President | Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| National Assembly of Burkina Faso National Assembly of Burkina Faso The unicameral National Assembly of Burkina Faso is the country's legislative body. In 1995, it became the lower house of a bicameral Parliament, but the upper house was abolished in 2002.-Past composition:... |
Largest remainder Largest remainder method The largest remainder method is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems... (Hare quota Hare quota The Hare quota is a formula used under some forms of the Single Transferable Vote system and the largest remainder method of party-list proportional representation... ) |
111 | |||
| Burma (Myanmar) | People's Assembly (Pyithu Hluttaw) | FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
440 (25% appointed by military) | ||
| National Assembly (Amyotha Hluttaw) | FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
224 (25% appointed by military) | |||
| Burundi Elections in Burundi Elections in Burundi gives information on election and election results in Burundi.Burundi elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The National Assembly has 118 members, elected for a five year term by proportional representation with a 2% barrier... |
President | Electoral college Electoral college An electoral college is a set of electors who are selected to elect a candidate to a particular office. Often these represent different organizations or entities, with each organization or entity represented by a particular number of electors or with votes weighted in a particular way... |
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| National Assembly National Assembly of Burundi The National Assembly is the lower chamber of Parliament in Burundi. It consists of 100 directly elected members and between 18 to 21 co-opted members who serve five-year terms.... |
D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... |
4–11 | 100 + 18–21 co-opted | 2% | |
| Senate Senate of Burundi The Senate is the upper chamber of Parliament in Burundi. It consists of no fewer than 37 and no more than 54 members who serve 5-year terms.... |
Electoral college Electoral college An electoral college is a set of electors who are selected to elect a candidate to a particular office. Often these represent different organizations or entities, with each organization or entity represented by a particular number of electors or with votes weighted in a particular way... |
1 | 34 + 3–20 co-opted + ex-presidents | ||
| Cambodia Elections in Cambodia Cambodia elects on national level a legislature. Parliament has two chambers.The National Assembly of Cambodia has 123 members, elected for a five year term by proportional representation... |
National Assembly National Assembly of Cambodia The National Assembly of Cambodia or Radhsphea is the lower house of the Parliament of Cambodia.It has 123 members, elected for five year terms by proportional representation, using provinces as constituencies of 1 to 18 members, and the D'Hondt method of seat distribution.-Elections:Summary of the... |
D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... |
123 | ||
| Cameroon Elections in Cameroon Elections in Cameroon gives information on election and election results in Cameroon.Cameroon elects, on a national level, a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a seven year term by the people; a two-term limit on the office was removed through a... |
President | Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| National Assembly National Assembly of Cameroon The National Assembly is the parliament of Cameroon. It has 180 members, elected for five-year terms in 49 single and multi-seat constituencies.... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... in single-member constituencies; in multi-member constituencies: party with over 50% of vote gets all seats, otherwise highest party gets half, rest distributed by Largest remainder Largest remainder method The largest remainder method is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems... (Hare quota Hare quota The Hare quota is a formula used under some forms of the Single Transferable Vote system and the largest remainder method of party-list proportional representation... ) |
1–7 | 180 | 5% | |
| Canada Elections in Canada Canada holds elections for several levels of government: nationally , provincially and territorially, and municipally. Elections are also held for self governing First Nations and for many other public and private organizations including corporations and trade unions... |
House of Commons Canadian House of Commons The House of Commons of Canada is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign and the Senate. The House of Commons is a democratically elected body, consisting of 308 members known as Members of Parliament... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
1 | 308 | |
| Cape Verde Elections in Cape Verde Elections in Cape Verde gives information on election and election results in Cape Verde. An election is a process in which a vote is held to elect candidates to an office... |
President | Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| National Assembly National Assembly of Cape Verde The unicameral National Assembly is the legislative body of the Republic of Cape Verde.- National People's Assembly :The country's first legislative election took place in June 1975... |
D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... |
2-15 | 72 | ||
| Cayman Islands Elections in the Cayman Islands Elections in the Cayman Islands gives information on election and election results in the Cayman Islands. An election is a process in which a vote is held to elect candidates to an office... |
Legislative Assembly Legislative Assembly of the Cayman Islands The Legislative Assembly of the Cayman Islands has 18 members, 15 elected members for a four year term in two-seat constituencies and 3 members ex-officio.In the elections of 8 November 2000, with a turnout of 80% only non-partisans were elected... |
SNTV Single non-transferable vote The single non-transferable vote or SNTV is an electoral system used in multi-member constituency elections.- Voting :In any election, each voter casts one vote for one candidate in a multi-candidate race for multiple offices. Posts are filled by the candidates with the most votes... |
2 | 15 + 3 ex officio | |
| Central African Republic Elections in the Central African Republic Elections in the Central African Republic gives information on election and election results in the Central African Republic.The Central African Republic elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people... |
President | ||||
| National Assembly National Assembly of the Central African Republic The unicameral National Assembly of the Central African Republic is the country's legislative body.The current National Assembly, formed following elections held on 13 March and 8 May 2005, has a total of 105 members elected in single-member constituencies using the two-round system... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
105 | |||
| Chad Elections in Chad Elections in Chad gives information on election and election results in Chad.Chad elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five year term by the people... |
President | Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| National Assembly National Assembly of Chad The National Assembly is the parliament of Chad. It has 155 members, elected for a four year term in 25 single-member constituencies and 34 multi-member constituencies.-See also:*List of Presidents of the National Assembly of Chad... |
155 | ||||
| Chile Elections in Chile Chile holds nationwide presidential, parliamentary and municipal elections.The electoral process is supervised by the Electoral Service , which is independent from the government... |
President President of Chile The President of the Republic of Chile is both the head of state and the head of government of the Republic of Chile. The President is responsible of the government and state administration... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| Chamber of Deputies Chamber of Deputies of Chile The Chamber of Deputies of the Republic of Chile is the lower house of Chile's bicameral Congress. Its organisation and its powers and duties are defined in articles 42 to 59 of Chile's current constitution.... |
Unique binominal system (If the leading coalition ticket out-polls the second-place coalition by a margin of more than two-to-one does the winning coalition gain both seats) (open list Open list Open list describes any variant of party-list proportional representation where voters have at least some influence on the order in which a party's candidates are elected... ) |
2 | 120 | ||
| Senate Senate of Chile The Senate of the Republic of Chile is the upper house of Chile's bicameral National Congress, as established in the current Constitution of Chile.-Composition:... |
Unique binominal system (open list Open list Open list describes any variant of party-list proportional representation where voters have at least some influence on the order in which a party's candidates are elected... ) |
2 | 38 | ||
| Colombia Elections in Colombia Elections in Colombia are regulated and controlled by the National Electoral Council which also gives information on elections and election results in for the politics of Colombia.... |
President President of Colombia The President of Colombia is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Colombia. The office of president was established upon the ratification of the Constitution of 1819, by the Congress of Angostura, convened in December 1819, when Colombia was part of "la Gran Colombia"... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| Chamber of Representatives Chamber of Representatives of Colombia The Chamber of Representatives is the lower house of the Congress of Colombia.The Chamber has 166 elected members for four-year terms.-How the Chamber is elected:... |
D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... |
2–18 | 162 | ||
| Senate Senate of Colombia The Senate of the Republic of Colombia is the upper house of the Congress of Colombia, with the lower house being the Chamber of Representatives of Colombia... |
D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... |
100 + 2 (indigenous) | 102 | ||
| Comoros Elections in Comoros Elections in Comoros gives information on election and election results in Comoros.Comoros elects on federal level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a four year term by the people. The federal presidency is to take it in turns between the three islands... |
President | Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| Assembly of the Union Assembly of the Union of the Comoros The unicameral Assembly of the Union of the Comoros is the country's legislative body.The current Assembly of the Union, formed following elections held on 18 and 25 April 2004, has a total of 33 members. 18 member are directly elected in single member constituencies using the two-round system... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
18 + 15 elected by local assemblies | |||
| Congo-Brazzaville Elections in the Republic of the Congo The Republic of Congo elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected by the people. The Parliament has two chambers. The National Assembly has 153 members, for a five year term in single-seat constituencies... |
President | Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| National Assembly National Assembly of the Republic of the Congo The Parliament of the Republic of Congo has two chambers. The lower house is the National Assembly . It has 153 members, for a five year term in single-seat constituencies.-See also:... |
153 | ||||
| Costa Rica Elections in Costa Rica Elections in Costa Rica gives information on elections and election results in Costa Rica.Costa Rica elects on national level a head of state – the president – and a legislature. The President of Costa Rica is, together with two vice-presidents, elected for a four-year term by the people... |
President | Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| Legislative Assembly Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica The Legislative Assembly is the unicameral legislative branch of the government of Costa Rica. The national congress building is located in the city capital, San José, specifically in El Carmen District in San José Canton.-Composition:... |
Largest remainder method Largest remainder method The largest remainder method is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems... |
57 | |||
| Croatia Elections in Croatia Constitution of Croatia and legislation enacted by the Parliament of Croatia provide for regular elections in Croatia for the office of the President of Croatia, the parliament, county prefects and assemblies, city and municipal mayors as well as city and municipal councils... |
President President of Croatia The President of Croatia , officially styled the President of the Republic represents the Republic of Croatia in the country and abroad as the head of state, maintains the regular and coordinated operation and stability of the national government system, and safeguards the independence and... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| Sabor Parliament of Croatia The Parliament of Croatia or the Sabor is the unicameral representative body of the citizens of the Republic of Croatia and legislature of the country. Under the terms of the Croatian Constitution, represents the people and is vested with the legislative power... |
D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... , plus some reserved for minorities and Croatians living abroad |
14 | 100–160 | 5% | |
| Cuba Elections in Cuba Elections in Cuba involves nomination of municipal candidates by voters in nomination assemblies, nomination of provincial and national candidates by candidacy commissions, voting by secret ballot, and recall elections.... |
National Assembly of People's Power National Assembly of People's Power of Cuba The National Assembly of People’s Power is the legislative parliament of the Republic of Cuba and the supreme body of State power. Its members are elected from single-member electoral districts for a term of five years. The Assembly's current President is Ricardo Alarcón de Quesada. The assembly... |
Endorsement of selected candidates | 1 | 609 | |
| Cyprus Elections in Cyprus Elections in Cyprus gives information on election and election results in Cyprus.Cyprus elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The election of the President is direct, by universal suffrage and secret ballot. Voting is compulsory and every citizen over the... |
President | ||||
| House of Representatives House of Representatives of Cyprus The House of Representatives is the parliament of Cyprus. It has 59 members elected for a five year term, 56 members by proportional representation and 3 observer members representing the Maronite, Latin and Armenian minorities... |
Largest remainder Largest remainder method The largest remainder method is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems... (Hare quota Hare quota The Hare quota is a formula used under some forms of the Single Transferable Vote system and the largest remainder method of party-list proportional representation... ; open list Open list Open list describes any variant of party-list proportional representation where voters have at least some influence on the order in which a party's candidates are elected... s) |
3–21 | 80 (56 for Greek-Cypriots; 24 for Turkish-Cypriots (currently vacant)) and 3 observers from religious minorities | 1.8% | |
| Czech Republic Elections in the Czech Republic Elections in the Czech Republic gives information on election and election results in the Czech Republic.The Czech Republic elects on national level a legislature. The Parliament has two chambers... |
Chamber of Deputies Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic The Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of the Czech Republic. The seat of the Chamber of Deputies is situated in palaces in Malá Strana, Prague.... |
D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... |
5–25 | 200 | 5% (parties), 8% (coalitions) |
| Senate Senate of the Czech Republic The Senate of the Parliament of the Czech Republic , usually referred to as Senát, is the upper chamber of the Parliament of the Czech Republic... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
1 | 81 | ||
| Democratic Republic of Congo | President Heads of state of the Democratic Republic of the Congo This is the list of the Heads of State of the Democratic Republic of the Congo since independence in 1960. The current head of state is President Joseph Kabila, since 26 January 2001.-Heads of State:-Affiliations:... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| National Assembly National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Composition of the National Assembly... |
Largest remainder Largest remainder method The largest remainder method is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems... |
1-17 | 500 | ||
| Denmark Elections in Denmark Elections in Denmark gives information on elections and election results in Denmark. Denmark has a multi-party system. Elections normally result in two strong parties.... |
Folketinget | D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... |
179 | 2% | |
| Djibouti Elections in Djibouti Elections in Djibouti gives information on election and election results in Djibouti.Djibouti elects a head of state and a legislature at the national level. Until April 19, 2010, the president was elected for two six-year terms, until a change for the constitution was passed. Since then, there... |
President | Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| National Assembly National Assembly of Djibouti The National Assembly is the unicameral legislative branch of the government of Djibouti.-Overview:It consists of 65 members – 30 Somali and 30 Afar – elected to serve five-year terms in multi-seat constituencies... |
Bloc voting | 65 | |||
| Dominica Elections in Dominica Elections in Dominica have been taking place since 1832. Dominica elects on national level a legislature. The House of Assembly has 32 members, 21 members elected for a five year term in single-seat constituencies, 9 appointed senators, the Speaker and 1 ex-officio member... |
House of Assembly House of Assembly of Dominica The House of Assembly is the legislature of Dominica. It is established by Chapter III of the Constitution of Dominica, and together with the President of Dominica constitutes Dominica's Parliament. The House is unicameral, and consists of twenty-one Representatives, nine Senators, and an... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
21 + 9 appointed + Speaker + 1 ex officio | ||
| Dominican Republic Elections in the Dominican Republic Elections in the Dominican Republic gives information on election and election results in the Dominican Republic.The Dominican Republic elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a four year term by the people. The Congress of the... |
President | Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| Chamber of Deputies Chamber of Deputies of the Dominican Republic The Chamber of Deputies is the lower house of theDominican Republic's bicameral National Congress. The upper house is the Senate.It currently comprises 183 deputies who are elected for four-year terms... |
D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... |
2–36 | 150 | ||
| Senate Senate of the Dominican Republic The Senate is the upper house of the Dominican Republic's bicameral National Congress. The lower house is the Chamber of Deputies.... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
32 | |||
| East Timor Elections in East Timor East Timor elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five year term by the people. The National Parliament has 88 members, 13 elected in single seat constituencies and 75 elected by proportional representation.-Latest... |
President President of East Timor The President of East Timor is the Head of state of the East Timorese republic, elected by popular vote for a five-year term. The role is largely symbolic, though he is able to veto some legislation. Following elections, the president appoints as the prime minister, the leader of the majority party... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| Parliament National Parliament of East Timor The National Parliament of East Timor is the unicameral national legislature in East Timor. It was created in 2001 as the Constituent Assembly while the country was still under the supervision of the United Nations, but renamed itself to the National Parliament with the attaining of national... |
Parallel Parallel voting Parallel voting describes a mixed voting system where voters in effect participate in two separate elections for a single chamber using different systems, and where the results in one election have little or no impact on the results of the other... : Largest remainder Largest remainder method The largest remainder method is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems... (75 seats), FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... (13 seats) |
75 / 1 | 88 | ||
| Ecuador Elections in Ecuador Elections in Ecuador gives information on election and election results in Ecuador.Ecuador elects on national level a head of state, , and a legislature. The President of the Republic and his vice-president are elected on one ballot for a four-year term by the people... |
President | Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| National Congress National Congress of Ecuador The National Congress was the unicameral legislative branch of the government of Ecuador prior to November 2007.... |
D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... |
2–18 | 100 | ||
| Egypt Elections in Egypt Egypt elects on national level a head of state – a president – and a bicameral legislature.The President of the Republic is elected for a six-year term by popular vote. This election mechanism has been in place since a May 2005 amendment to the Egyptian Constitution... |
President President of Egypt The President of the Arab Republic of Egypt is the head of state of Egypt.Under the Constitution of Egypt, the president is also the supreme commander of the armed forces and head of the executive branch of the Egyptian government.... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| People's Assembly People's Assembly of Egypt The People's Assembly is the lower house of Egypt's bicameral parliament. In spite of its lower status, however, it plays a more important role in drafting legislation and day-to-day legislative duties than the Shura Council, the upper house.... |
Modified Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
2 | 444 + 64 allocated for women + 10 appointed | ||
| Shura Council Shura Council The Shura Council is the upper house of Egyptian bicameral Parliament. Its name roughly translates into English as "the Consultative Council". The lower house of parliament is the People's Assembly.... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
174 + 88 appointed | |||
| El Salvador Elections in El Salvador Elections in El Salvador gives information on elections and election results in El Salvador.El Salvador elects its head of state – the President of El Salvador – directly through a fixed-date general election whose winner is decided by absolute majority... |
President President of El Salvador This page contains a list of Presidents of El Salvador.-Heads of State of El Salvador within the Federal Republic of Central America :*Pedro Barriere : 21 September 1821 - 28 November 1821*José Matías Delgado : 28 Nov 1821 - 9 February 1823... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| Legislative Assembly Legislative Assembly of El Salvador The Legislative Assembly is the legislative branch of the government of El Salvador.The Salvadoran legislature is a unicameral body.... |
D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... |
3–20 | 84 | ||
| Equatorial Guinea Elections in Equatorial Guinea Elections in Equatorial Guinea gives information on election and election results in Equatorial Guinea.Equatorial Guinea elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a seven year term by the people. President Teodoro Obiang Nguema... |
President | FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
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| Chamber of People's Representatives Chamber of People's Representatives The unicameral House of People's Representatives of Equatorial Guinea is the country's legislative body.... |
Party list Party-list proportional representation Party-list proportional representation systems are a family of voting systems emphasizing proportional representation in elections in which multiple candidates are elected... |
80 | |||
| Estonia Elections in Estonia Estonia elects a legislature on the national level. The Riigikogu has 101 members, elected for a four year term by proportional representation. A head of state - the president - is elected for a five year term by parliament or an electoral college... |
Riigikogu Riigikogu The Riigikogu is the unicameral parliament of Estonia. All important state-related questions pass through the Riigikogu... |
Party list Party-list proportional representation Party-list proportional representation systems are a family of voting systems emphasizing proportional representation in elections in which multiple candidates are elected... |
7–12 per electoral district | 101 | 5% |
| Ethiopia Elections in Ethiopia At the federal level, Ethiopia elects a legislature. The Federal Parliamentary Assembly has two chambers: the Council of People's Representatives with not more than 550 members as per the constitution but actually nearly 547 members, elected for five-year terms in single-seat constituencies; and... |
House of People's Representatives House of People's Representatives The Federal Parliamentary Assembly of Ethiopia has two chambers. The lower house is the House of Peoples' Representatives with 547 members , elected for five-year terms in single-seat constituencies.-Speakers of the House of Peoples'... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
546 | ||
| Fiji Elections in Fiji Fiji has held nine general elections for the House of Representatives since becoming independent of the United Kingdom in 1970; there had been numerous elections under colonial rule, but only one with universal suffrage . In this period, Fiji has had three constitutions, and the voting system has... |
House of Representatives House of Representatives (Fiji) The House of Representatives is the lower chamber of Fiji's Parliament. It is the more powerful of the two chambers; it alone has the power to initiate legislation... |
IRV Instant-runoff voting Instant-runoff voting , also known as preferential voting, the alternative vote and ranked choice voting, is a voting system used to elect one winner. Voters rank candidates in order of preference, and their ballots are counted as one vote for their first choice candidate. If a candidate secures a... |
1 | 71 | |
| Finland Elections in Finland Elections in Finland gives information on election and election results in Finland.On national level Finland elects a head of state — the President of the Republic — and a legislature. The president is elected for a six-year term by direct popular vote... |
President President of Finland The President of the Republic of Finland is the nation's head of state. Under the Finnish constitution, executive power is vested in the President and the government, with the President possessing extensive powers. The President is elected directly by the people of Finland for a term of six years.... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| Eduskunta Parliament of Finland The Eduskunta , is the parliament of Finland. The unicameral parliament has 200 members and meets in the Parliament House in Helsinki. The latest election to the parliament took place on April 17, 2011.- Constitution :... (and MEPs) |
D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... (open list Open list Open list describes any variant of party-list proportional representation where voters have at least some influence on the order in which a party's candidates are elected... s) |
6–34 | 200 | ||
| France Elections in France France is a representative democracy. Public officials in the legislative and executive branches are either elected by the citizens or appointed by elected officials... |
President President of the French Republic The President of the French Republic colloquially referred to in English as the President of France, is France's elected Head of State.... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| National Assembly French National Assembly The French National Assembly is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of France under the Fifth Republic. The upper house is the Senate .... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
1 | 577 | ||
| French Senate French Senate The Senate is the upper house of the Parliament of France, presided over by a president.The Senate enjoys less prominence than the lower house, the directly elected National Assembly; debates in the Senate tend to be less tense and generally enjoy less media coverage.-History:France's first... |
Electoral college Electoral college An electoral college is a set of electors who are selected to elect a candidate to a particular office. Often these represent different organizations or entities, with each organization or entity represented by a particular number of electors or with votes weighted in a particular way... |
348 | |||
| Gabon Elections in Gabon Gabon elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a seven year term by the people. The Parliament has two chambers... |
President | ||||
| National Assembly National Assembly of Gabon The National Assembly of Gabon is the lower house of the Parliament of Gabon. It has 120 members, 111 members elected for a five year term in single-seat constituencies and 9 members appointed by the President.-Latest results:... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
111 + 9 appointed | |||
| Gambia Elections in the Gambia Elections in Gambia gives information on election and election results in Gambia.Gambia elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five year term by the people... |
President | FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
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| National Assembly National Assembly of the Gambia The National Assembly is the legislative branch of government in The Gambia.- Composition and electoral system:The National Assembly is unicameral and consists of 53 members who serve a five-year term. 48 members are directly elected while the remaining five are appointed by the President... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
48 + 5 appointed | |||
| Georgia Elections in Georgia (country) Elections in Georgia gives information on elections and election results in Georgia. An election is a process in which a vote is held to elect candidates to an office... |
President President of Georgia The President of Georgia is the head of state, supreme commander-in-chief and holder of the highest office within the Government of Georgia. Executive power is split between the President and the Prime Minister, who is the head of government... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| Parliament Parliament of Georgia Parliament of Georgia is the supreme legislature of Georgia. It is unicameral and has 150 members, known as deputies, from which 75 members are proportional representatives and 75 are elected through single-member district plurality system, representing their constituencies... |
Parallel Parallel voting Parallel voting describes a mixed voting system where voters in effect participate in two separate elections for a single chamber using different systems, and where the results in one election have little or no impact on the results of the other... : Party-list Party-list proportional representation Party-list proportional representation systems are a family of voting systems emphasizing proportional representation in elections in which multiple candidates are elected... / FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
150 | 5% | ||
| Germany Elections in Germany The following information deals with elections in Germany, including elections to the Bundestag , the Landtags of the various states, and local elections.-Election system:... |
Bundestag Bundestag The Bundestag is a federal legislative body in Germany. In practice Germany is governed by a bicameral legislature, of which the Bundestag serves as the lower house and the Bundesrat the upper house. The Bundestag is established by the German Basic Law of 1949, as the successor to the earlier... |
MMP Mixed member proportional representation Mixed-member proportional representation, also termed mixed-member proportional voting and commonly abbreviated to MMP, is a voting system originally used to elect representatives to the German Bundestag, and nowadays adopted by numerous legislatures around the world... : Sainte-Laguë Sainte-Laguë method The Sainte-Laguë method is one way of allocating seats approximately proportional to the number of votes of a party to a party list used in many voting systems. It is named after the French mathematician André Sainte-Laguë. The Sainte-Laguë method is quite similar to the D'Hondt method, but uses... / FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
299 / 1 | 598 + overhang seats | 5% or 3 district seats |
| Ghana Elections in Ghana Elections in Ghana gives information on election and election results in Ghana.Ghana elects on national level a head of state, the president, and a legislature. The president is elected for a four year term by the people... |
President President of Ghana The President of Ghana is the elected head of state and head of government of Ghana. Officially styled President of the Republic of Ghana and Commander-in-Chief of the Ghanaian Armed Forces. The current President of Ghana is Prof. John Atta Mills, who took office in January... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| Parliament Parliament of Ghana The Parliament of Ghana is the legislative body of the Ghanaian government.-History:Legislative representation in Ghana dates back to 1850, when the country was a British colony. The body, called the Legislative Council, was purely advisory as the Governor exercised all legislative and executive... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
230 | |||
| Greece Elections in Greece Elections in Greece gives information on election and election results in Greece.-Election of the legislature:The Greek Parliament has 300 members, elected for a four-year term by a system of 'reinforced' proportional representation in 56 constituencies, 48 of which are multi-seat and 8 single-seat... |
Hellenic Parliament Hellenic Parliament The Hellenic Parliament , also the Parliament of the Hellenes, is the Parliament of Greece, located in the Parliament House , overlooking Syntagma Square in Athens, Greece.... |
260 seats are allocated proportionally via several seat allocations; 40 seats are given to the first party or coalition of parties | 288 / 56 | 288 + 12 MPs for State, elected nationwide | 3% |
| Grenada Elections in Grenada Elections in Grenada gives information on election results in Grenada.Grenada elects on national level a legislature. Parliament has two chambers. The House of Representatives has 15 members, elected for a five year term in single-seat constituencies... |
House of Representatives House of Representatives of Grenada The House of Representatives is the lower house of the Parliament of Grenada. It has 15 members, elected for a five year term in single-seat constituencies. The members are, for each seat and party, listed below:-Summary 2008 election:... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
15 | ||
| Guatemala Elections in Guatemala Elections in Guatemala include, on the national level, a head of state – the president – and a unicameral legislature.Guatemala's president and vice-president are elected on one ballot for a four year term by the people... |
President President of Guatemala The title of President of Guatemala has been the usual title of the leader of Guatemala since 1839, when that title was assumed by Mariano Rivera Paz... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| Congress of the Republic Congress of Guatemala The Congress of the Republic is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of Guatemala.It comprises 158 deputies, who are elected by direct universal suffrage to serve four-year terms . Twenty-nine of these are elected from nationwide lists, with the rest on a district list basis... |
D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... |
29 / 1 | 158 | ||
| Guinea Elections in Guinea Elections in Guinea gives information on election and election results in Guinea.Guinea elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five year term by the people... |
President | ||||
| National Assembly National Assembly of Guinea The unicameral National Assembly of Guinea is the country's legislative body.The National Assembly that was formed following the 30 June 2002 parliamentary election had a total of 114 members... |
Parallel Parallel voting Parallel voting describes a mixed voting system where voters in effect participate in two separate elections for a single chamber using different systems, and where the results in one election have little or no impact on the results of the other... : Hare quota Hare quota The Hare quota is a formula used under some forms of the Single Transferable Vote system and the largest remainder method of party-list proportional representation... / FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
76 / 1 | 114 | ||
| Guinea-Bissau Elections in Guinea-Bissau Elections in Guinea-Bissau gives information on election and election results in Guinea-Bissau.Guinea-Bissau elects on national level a head of state and a legislature. The president is elected for a five year term by the people... |
President | Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| National People's Assembly National People's Assembly of Guinea-Bissau The unicameral National People's Assembly of Guinea-Bissau is the country's legislative body.The current National People's Assembly, formed following elections held on 28 March 2004, has a total of 102 seats. 100 members are elected through a system of party-list proportional representation... |
Party list Party-list proportional representation Party-list proportional representation systems are a family of voting systems emphasizing proportional representation in elections in which multiple candidates are elected... |
100 | |||
| Guyana Elections in Guyana Elections in Guyana gives information on election and election results in Guyana.Guyana elects on national level a unicameral legislature .The National Assembly has 65 members... |
National Assembly National Assembly of Guyana The National Assembly is the parliament of Guyana. It has 65 members, 53 members elected for a five-year term by proportional representation and 12 members delegated by local government councils... |
Largest remainder Largest remainder method The largest remainder method is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems... (Hare quota Hare quota The Hare quota is a formula used under some forms of the Single Transferable Vote system and the largest remainder method of party-list proportional representation... ) |
53 (+12 appointed by local councils) | ||
| Haiti Elections in Haïti Elections in Haiti gives information on election and election results in Haiti.The current president is René Préval, who received 51 percent of the votes in the 2005 elections... |
President President of Haiti The President of the Republic of Haiti is the head of state of Haiti. Executive power in Haiti is divided between the president and the government headed by the Prime Minister of Haiti... |
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| Chamber of Deputies Chamber of Deputies of Haïti The Chamber of Deputies is the lower house of Haiti's bicameral legislature, the National Assembly. The upper house of the National Assembly is the Senate of Haiti. The Chamber has ninety-nine members who are elected by popular vote to four-year terms... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
1 | 99 | ||
| Holy See (Vatican) Papal conclave A papal conclave is a meeting of the College of Cardinals convened to elect a Bishop of Rome, who then becomes the Pope during a period of vacancy in the papal office. The Pope is considered by Roman Catholics to be the apostolic successor of Saint Peter and earthly head of the Roman Catholic Church... |
Pope Pope The Pope is the Bishop of Rome, a position that makes him the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church . In the Catholic Church, the Pope is regarded as the successor of Saint Peter, the Apostle... |
Electoral college Electoral college An electoral college is a set of electors who are selected to elect a candidate to a particular office. Often these represent different organizations or entities, with each organization or entity represented by a particular number of electors or with votes weighted in a particular way... |
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| Honduras Elections in Honduras Elections in Honduras gives information on elections and election results in Honduras.Honduras elects on national level a head of state – the president – and a legislature. The President of Honduras is elected for a four-year year term by the people by a simple majority of valid votes... |
President President of Honduras This page lists the Presidents of Honduras.Colonial Honduras declared its independence from Spain on 15 September 1821. From 5 January 1822 to 1 July 1823, Honduras was part of the First Mexican Empire of Agustín de Iturbide.... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
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| National Congress National Congress of Honduras The National Congress is the legislative branch of the government of Honduras.The Honduran Congress is a unicameral legislature. The current President of the National Congress of Honduras is Juan Orlando Hernández. Its members are 128 deputies, who are elected on a proportional representation... |
Largest remainder Largest remainder method The largest remainder method is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems... (Hare quota Hare quota The Hare quota is a formula used under some forms of the Single Transferable Vote system and the largest remainder method of party-list proportional representation... ) |
128 | |||
| Hong Kong Elections in Hong Kong Elections are held in Hong Kong when certain offices in the government need to be filled. Every four years, half of the unicameral Legislative Council of Hong Kong's sixty seats representing the geographical constituencies are filled by the electorate; the other thirty seats representing the... |
Legislative Council Legislative Council of Hong Kong The Legislative Council is the unicameral legislature of Hong Kong.-History:The Legislative Council of Hong Kong was set up in 1843 as a colonial legislature under British rule... |
Parallel Parallel voting Parallel voting describes a mixed voting system where voters in effect participate in two separate elections for a single chamber using different systems, and where the results in one election have little or no impact on the results of the other... District constituencies: Largest remainder Largest remainder method The largest remainder method is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems... (Hare quota Hare quota The Hare quota is a formula used under some forms of the Single Transferable Vote system and the largest remainder method of party-list proportional representation... ) Functional constituencies: FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... , Bloc voting, IRV Instant-runoff voting Instant-runoff voting , also known as preferential voting, the alternative vote and ranked choice voting, is a voting system used to elect one winner. Voters rank candidates in order of preference, and their ballots are counted as one vote for their first choice candidate. If a candidate secures a... |
4–8 (District constituencies) / 1-3 (Functional constituencies) | 60 | |
| Hungary Elections in Hungary Elections in Hungary are held at two levels: general elections to elect the 386 members of the National Assembly, and local elections to elect local authorities.-Presidential elections:... |
National Assembly National Assembly of Hungary The National Assembly or Diet is the parliament of Hungary. The unicameral body consists of 386 members elected to 4-year terms. Election of members is based on a complex system involving both area and list election; parties must win at least 5% of the popular vote in order to enter list members... |
MMP Mixed member proportional representation Mixed-member proportional representation, also termed mixed-member proportional voting and commonly abbreviated to MMP, is a voting system originally used to elect representatives to the German Bundestag, and nowadays adopted by numerous legislatures around the world... : D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... / modified Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
386 | 5% (10% for coalitions) | |
| Iceland Elections in Iceland Elections in Iceland gives information on election and election results in Iceland.Iceland elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a four year term by the people... |
President President of Iceland The President of Iceland is Iceland's elected head of state. The president is elected to a four-year term by universal adult suffrage and has limited powers. The president is not the head of government; the Prime Minister of Iceland is the head of government. There have been five presidents since... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
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| Alþing | D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... |
9 | 63 | 5% | |
| India Elections in India India has a quasi federal government, with elected officials at the federal , state and local levels. On a national level, the head of government, the Prime Minister, is elected directly by the people, through a general election. All members of the federal legislature, the Parliament, are directly... |
President President of India The President of India is the head of state and first citizen of India, as well as the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces. President of India is also the formal head of all the three branches of Indian Democracy - Legislature, Executive and Judiciary... |
Electoral college Electoral college An electoral college is a set of electors who are selected to elect a candidate to a particular office. Often these represent different organizations or entities, with each organization or entity represented by a particular number of electors or with votes weighted in a particular way... |
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| House of the People Lok Sabha The Lok Sabha or House of the People is the lower house of the Parliament of India. Members of the Lok Sabha are elected by direct election under universal adult suffrage. As of 2009, there have been fifteen Lok Sabhas elected by the people of India... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
1 | 545 | ||
| House of the states Rajya Sabha The Rajya Sabha or Council of States is the upper house of the Parliament of India. Rajya means "state," and Sabha means "assembly hall" in Sanskrit. Membership is limited to 250 members, 12 of whom are chosen by the President of India for their expertise in specific fields of art, literature,... |
Single Transferable Vote Single transferable vote The single transferable vote is a voting system designed to achieve proportional representation through preferential voting. Under STV, an elector's vote is initially allocated to his or her most preferred candidate, and then, after candidates have been either elected or eliminated, any surplus or... by state legislatures |
varies from 1-31 seats | 233 | ||
| Indonesia Elections in Indonesia Elections in Indonesia have taken place since 1955. At a national level, Indonesian people elect a head of state – the president – and a legislature... |
President President of Indonesia The President of the Republic of Indonesia is the head of state and the head of government of the Republic of Indonesia.The first president was Sukarno and the current president is Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.- Sukarno era :... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| People's Representative Council People's Representative Council The People's Representative Council , sometimes referred to as the House of Representatives, is one of two elected national legislative assemblies in Indonesia.... |
Hare quota Hare quota The Hare quota is a formula used under some forms of the Single Transferable Vote system and the largest remainder method of party-list proportional representation... (open list Open list Open list describes any variant of party-list proportional representation where voters have at least some influence on the order in which a party's candidates are elected... s) |
2-12 | 560 | 2.5% nationially | |
| Regional Representatives Council Regional Representatives Council The The Regional Representative Council is one of two parliamentary chambers in Indonesia. Together with the People's Representative Council, it makes up a third chamber, the People's Consultative Assembly.-History:... |
SNTV Single non-transferable vote The single non-transferable vote or SNTV is an electoral system used in multi-member constituency elections.- Voting :In any election, each voter casts one vote for one candidate in a multi-candidate race for multiple offices. Posts are filled by the candidates with the most votes... |
4 | 132 | ||
| Iran Elections in Iran Iran elects on national level a head of state and head of government , a legislature , and an "Assembly of Experts" . Also City and Village Council elections are held every four years throughout the country. The president is elected for a four-year term by the people... |
President President of Iran The President of Iran is the highest popularly elected official in, and the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Iran; although subordinate to the Supreme Leader of Iran, who functions as the country's head of state... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| Majlis of Iran Majlis of Iran The National Consultative Assembly of Iran , also called The Iranian Parliament or People's House, is the national legislative body of Iran... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
290 | |||
| Assembly of Experts Assembly of Experts The Assembly of Experts of Iran , also translated as Council of Experts, is a deliberative body of 86 Mujtahids that is charged with electing and removing the Supreme Leader of Iran and supervising his activities.Members of the assembly are elected from a government-screened list of candidates by... |
86 | ||||
| Iraq Elections in Iraq Elections in Iraq gives information on election and election results in Iraq.-History:Under the Iraqi constitution of 1925, Iraq was a constitutional monarchy, with a bicameral legislature consisting of an elected House of Representatives and an appointed Senate. The lower house was elected every... |
Council of Representatives | Party list Party-list proportional representation Party-list proportional representation systems are a family of voting systems emphasizing proportional representation in elections in which multiple candidates are elected... |
5-59 | 275 | |
| Ireland | President President of Ireland The President of Ireland is the head of state of Ireland. The President is usually directly elected by the people for seven years, and can be elected for a maximum of two terms. The presidency is largely a ceremonial office, but the President does exercise certain limited powers with absolute... |
IRV Instant-runoff voting Instant-runoff voting , also known as preferential voting, the alternative vote and ranked choice voting, is a voting system used to elect one winner. Voters rank candidates in order of preference, and their ballots are counted as one vote for their first choice candidate. If a candidate secures a... |
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| Seanad Éireann Seanad Éireann Seanad Éireann is the upper house of the Oireachtas , which also comprises the President of Ireland and Dáil Éireann . It is commonly called the Seanad or Senate and its members Senators or Seanadóirí . Unlike Dáil Éireann, it is not directly elected but consists of a mixture of members chosen by... |
STV Single transferable vote The single transferable vote is a voting system designed to achieve proportional representation through preferential voting. Under STV, an elector's vote is initially allocated to his or her most preferred candidate, and then, after candidates have been either elected or eliminated, any surplus or... (49/60 seats - restricted franchise) |
N/A | 60 | ||
| Dáil Éireann Dáil Éireann Dáil Éireann is the lower house, but principal chamber, of the Oireachtas , which also includes the President of Ireland and Seanad Éireann . It is directly elected at least once in every five years under the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote... |
STV Single transferable vote The single transferable vote is a voting system designed to achieve proportional representation through preferential voting. Under STV, an elector's vote is initially allocated to his or her most preferred candidate, and then, after candidates have been either elected or eliminated, any surplus or... |
3–5 | 166 | ||
| Israel Elections in Israel Elections in Israel are based on nationwide proportional representation. The electoral threshold is currently set at 2%, with the number of seats a party receives in the Knesset being proportional to the number of votes it receives. The Knesset is elected for a four-year term, although most... |
Knesset Knesset The Knesset is the unicameral legislature of Israel, located in Givat Ram, Jerusalem.-Role in Israeli Government :The legislative branch of the Israeli government, the Knesset passes all laws, elects the President and Prime Minister , approves the cabinet, and supervises the work of the government... |
D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... (Closed Lists) |
120 | 120 | 2% |
| Italy Elections in Italy This page gathers the results of elections in Italy.Italy elected, on national level, a Parliament consisting of two houses, the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Republic... |
Chamber of Deputies Italian Chamber of Deputies The Italian Chamber of Deputies is the lower house of the Parliament of Italy. It has 630 seats, a plurality of which is controlled presently by liberal-conservative party People of Freedom. Twelve deputies represent Italian citizens outside of Italy. Deputies meet in the Palazzo Montecitorio. A... |
617 list-PR with national majority bonus + 1 FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... + 12 Largest remainder Largest remainder method The largest remainder method is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems... (Hare quota Hare quota The Hare quota is a formula used under some forms of the Single Transferable Vote system and the largest remainder method of party-list proportional representation... ) |
1/44 | 630 | 2% (parties in a coalition, except that the first party below 2% in a coalition does receive seats) 4% (parties) 10% (coalitions) 20% in a single district (for the parties of ethnic minorities) |
| Senate Italian Senate The Senate of the Republic is the upper house of the Italian Parliament. It was established in its current form on 8 May 1948, but previously existed during the Kingdom of Italy as Senato del Regno , itself a continuation of the Senato Subalpino of Sardinia-Piedmont established on 8 May 1848... |
299 list-PR with regional majority bonus + 2 Molise Molise is a region of Southern Italy, the second smallest of the regions. It was formerly part of the region of Abruzzi e Molise and now a separate entity... list-PR without majority bonus + 1 FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... + 7 MMP Mixed member proportional representation Mixed-member proportional representation, also termed mixed-member proportional voting and commonly abbreviated to MMP, is a voting system originally used to elect representatives to the German Bundestag, and nowadays adopted by numerous legislatures around the world... + 6 Largest remainder Largest remainder method The largest remainder method is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems... (Hare quota Hare quota The Hare quota is a formula used under some forms of the Single Transferable Vote system and the largest remainder method of party-list proportional representation... ) |
1/47 | 315 | 3% (parties in a coalition) 8% (parties) 20% (coalitions) |
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| Ivory Coast Elections in Côte d'Ivoire 2000 Elections in Côte d'Ivoire gives information on election and election results in Côte d'Ivoire.Côte d'Ivoire elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five year term by the people... |
President | Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| National Assembly National Assembly of Côte d'Ivoire The National Assembly of Côte d'Ivoire is Côte d'Ivoire's unicameral legislative body. Evolved from semi-representative bodies of the French Colonial period, the first National Assembly was constituted on 27 November 1960 with 70 elected member in accordance with the Constitution of 31 October... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
225 | |||
| Jamaica Elections in Jamaica Elections in Jamaica provides information on elections and election results in Jamaica.The Parliament of Jamaica has two chambers:* The House of Representatives has 60 members, elected for a five year term in single-seat constituencies.... |
House of Representatives Parliament of Jamaica The Parliament of Jamaica is the legislative branch of the government of Jamaica. It is a bicameral body, composed of an appointed Senate and an elected House of Representatives.... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
1 | 60 | |
| Japan Elections in Japan The Japanese political system has three types of elections: general elections to the House of Representatives held every four years , elections to the House of Councillors held every three years to choose one-half of its members, and local elections held every four years for offices in prefectures,... |
House of Representatives House of Representatives of Japan The is the lower house of the Diet of Japan. The House of Councillors of Japan is the upper house.The House of Representatives has 480 members, elected for a four-year term. Of these, 180 members are elected from 11 multi-member constituencies by a party-list system of proportional representation,... |
Parallel Parallel voting Parallel voting describes a mixed voting system where voters in effect participate in two separate elections for a single chamber using different systems, and where the results in one election have little or no impact on the results of the other... : D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... (180 seats) / FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... (300 seats) |
6-29 / 1 | 480 | |
| House of Councillors House of Councillors The is the upper house of the Diet of Japan. The House of Representatives is the lower house. The House of Councillors is the successor to the pre-war House of Peers. If the two houses disagree on matters of the budget, treaties, or designation of the prime minister, the House of Representatives... |
Parallel Parallel voting Parallel voting describes a mixed voting system where voters in effect participate in two separate elections for a single chamber using different systems, and where the results in one election have little or no impact on the results of the other... : D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... (48 seats) / SNTV Single non-transferable vote The single non-transferable vote or SNTV is an electoral system used in multi-member constituency elections.- Voting :In any election, each voter casts one vote for one candidate in a multi-candidate race for multiple offices. Posts are filled by the candidates with the most votes... (73 seats) |
24 / 1-4 per election | 121 per election | ||
| Jordan Elections in Jordan Jordan elects a legislature on the national level. The National Assembly has two chambers. The Chamber of Deputies has 110 members, 104 elected for a four-year term in single-seat constituencies and 6 female members by a special electoral college. Of the 110 seats, Christians are reserved 9 seats... |
Chamber of Deputies | FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
104 + 6 women elected by electoral college | ||
| Kazakhstan Elections in Kazakhstan Elections in Kazakhstan are held on a national level to elect a President and the Parliament, which is divided into two bodies, the Majilis and the Senate . Local elections for maslikhats are held every five years... |
President President of Kazakhstan President of Kazakhstan is the head of state, supreme commander-in-chief and holder of the highest office within the Kazakhstan. The authorities of this position are described in special section of Constitution of Kazakhstan.... |
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| Majilis Majilis The Majilis is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of Kazakhstan, known as the Parlamenti, in the Government of Kazakhstan. The upper house of Parliament is the Senate of Kazakhstan. There are 77 seats, 67 in single seat constituencies and 10 by proportional representation, in the Majilis... |
Parallel Parallel voting Parallel voting describes a mixed voting system where voters in effect participate in two separate elections for a single chamber using different systems, and where the results in one election have little or no impact on the results of the other... : Proportional (10 seats) / Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... (57 seats) |
67 | |||
| Kenya Elections in Kenya Elections in Kenya in recent years have been cause for violence and fragmentation, such as during the presidential elections of 2007. Though a multiparty democracy since 1992 and holding elections since 1962, the country has serious institutional problems which make it hard for elections to be... |
President | FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
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| National Assembly of Kenya National Assembly of Kenya The unicameral National Assembly of Kenya is the country's legislative body.The current National Assembly has a total of 224 members. 210 members are directly elected in single member constituencies using the simple majority system... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
210 + 12 appointed + 2 ex officio | |||
| Kiribati Elections in Kiribati Kiribati elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a four year term by the people. The House of Assembly has 42 members, 40 elected for a four year term in single-seat and multi-seat constituencies, 1 delegate from Banaba Island and... |
President President of Kiribati The President of Kiribati is the head of state and head of government of Kiribati.Following a general election, by which citizens elect the members of the House of Assembly, members select from their midst "not less than 3 nor more than 4 candidates" for the presidency. No other person may stand... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
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| House of Assembly House of Assembly of Kiribati The House of Assembly of Kiribati has 46 members, 44 elected for a four year term in single-seat and multi-seat constituencies, 1 delegate from Banaba Island and 1 ex-officio member .Created with the Constitution of 12 July 1979, its new seat is at Ambo since October 2000, on South Tarawa... |
Modified runoff | 40 + 1 delegate from Banaba Island and 1 ex officio | |||
| Kuwait Elections in Kuwait Elections in Kuwait are held for both the National Assembly and for the Municipality. Kuwait's 1962 constitution calls for elections to the unicameral National Assembly at a maximum interval of four years... |
National Assembly National Assembly of Kuwait The National Assembly of Kuwait, known as the Majlis Al-Umma , is the legislature of Kuwait. The current speaker of the Assembly is Jassem Al-Kharafi. The Emir unconstitutionally dissolved the National Assembly in 1986 and restored it after the Gulf War in 1992... |
Bloc | 2 | 50 | |
| Kyrgyzstan Elections in Kyrgyzstan Elections in Kyrgyzstan gives information on election and election results in Kyrgyzstan.Kyrgyzstan elects on the national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a single six-year term by the people... |
President President of Kyrgyzstan The President of Kyrgyzstan is the head of state and the highest official of Kyrgyzstan. The President, according to the constitution, "is the symbol of the unity of people and state power, and is the guarantor of the Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic, and of an individual and citizen." The... |
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| Legislative Assembly | Parallel: Closed-lists (15 seats) / Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... (45) |
60 | |||
| Assembly of People's Representatives | 45 | ||||
| Laos Elections in Laos Elections in Laos gives information on election and election results in Laos.Laos elects a legislature nationally and the public also participates in the election of village heads. The National Assembly has 115 members, elected for five year terms. Laos is a single-party state... |
National Assembly National Assembly of Laos The unicameral National Assembly of Laos is the parliament of Laos. It was established in its current form by the Lao Constitution of 1991 , replacing the Supreme People's Assembly. After the December 1997 elections, the number of seats were increased to 99, a new structure was announced and... |
Bloc voting | 115 | ||
| Latvia Elections in Latvia Elections in Latvia gives information on election and election results in Latvia.Latvia elects on national level a legislature. The Saeima has 100 members, elected for a four year term by proportional representation with a 5% threshold. An unmodified Sainte-Laguë method is used to allocate seats.... |
Saeima Saeima Saeima is the parliament of the Republic of Latvia. It is a unicameral parliament consisting of 100 members who are elected by proportional representation, with seats allocated to political parties which gain at least 5% of the popular vote. Elections are scheduled to be held once every four years,... |
Sainte-Laguë method Sainte-Laguë method The Sainte-Laguë method is one way of allocating seats approximately proportional to the number of votes of a party to a party list used in many voting systems. It is named after the French mathematician André Sainte-Laguë. The Sainte-Laguë method is quite similar to the D'Hondt method, but uses... |
14–28 | 100 | 5% |
| Lebanon Elections in Lebanon Elections in Lebanon gives information on election and election results in Lebanon.- Parliamentary electoral system :Lebanon's national legislature is called the Assembly of Representatives... |
Chamber of Deputies Parliament of Lebanon The Parliament of Lebanon is the national parliament of Lebanon. There are 128 members elected to a four-year terms in multi-member constituencies, apportioned among Lebanon's diverse Christian and Muslim denominations. Lebanon has universal adult suffrage... |
Bloc voting | 128 | ||
| Lesotho Elections in Lesotho Lesotho elects a legislature on national level. The Parliament has two chambers: the National Assembly with 120 members, elected for a five-year term, 80 in single-seat constituencies and 40 by proportional representation; and the Senate, with 33 nominated members.Lesotho is a one party dominant... |
National Assembly National Assembly of Lesotho The National Assembly of Lesotho is the lower chamber of the country's bicameral Parliament.The current National Assembly, formed following elections held on 17 February 2007, has a total of 120 members. 80 members are elected in single member constituencies using the simple majority system... |
MMP Mixed member proportional representation Mixed-member proportional representation, also termed mixed-member proportional voting and commonly abbreviated to MMP, is a voting system originally used to elect representatives to the German Bundestag, and nowadays adopted by numerous legislatures around the world... Party list Party-list proportional representation Party-list proportional representation systems are a family of voting systems emphasizing proportional representation in elections in which multiple candidates are elected... (40 seats) / FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... (80 seats) |
120 | ||
| Liberia Elections in Liberia Liberia elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a six-year term by the people. The Legislature has two chambers. The House of Representatives has 64 members, elected for a six-year term. The Senate has 30 members... |
President | Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| House of Representatives House of Representatives of Liberia The House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the bicameral Liberian Legislature. Legislative elections took place on 11 October 2005, and the elected members took office in January 2006.-Candidate eligibility:... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
1 | 64 | ||
| Senate Senate of Liberia The Senate of Liberia is the upper house of the bicameral legislative branch of Liberia, and together with the House of Representatives comprises the Legislature of Liberia... |
SNTV Single non-transferable vote The single non-transferable vote or SNTV is an electoral system used in multi-member constituency elections.- Voting :In any election, each voter casts one vote for one candidate in a multi-candidate race for multiple offices. Posts are filled by the candidates with the most votes... |
2 | 30 | ||
| Liechtenstein Elections in Liechtenstein Elections in Liechtenstein gives information on election and election results in Liechtenstein.Liechtenstein elects a legislature at the national level... |
Diet Landtag of Liechtenstein The Diet is the parliament or legislature of Liechtenstein. It has 25 members, elected for a four year term by proportional representation in two multi-seat constituencies.... |
Largest remainder Largest remainder method The largest remainder method is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems... (Hare quota Hare quota The Hare quota is a formula used under some forms of the Single Transferable Vote system and the largest remainder method of party-list proportional representation... ) |
25 | 8% | |
| Lithuania Elections in Lithuania Elections in Lithuania gives information on election and election results in Lithuania.Lithuania elects on national level a head of state—the president—and a legislature. The president is elected for a five year term by the people... |
President | Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| Seimas Seimas The Seimas is the unicameral Lithuanian parliament. It has 141 members that are elected for a four-year term. About half of the members of this legislative body are elected in individual constituencies , and the other half are elected by nationwide vote according to proportional representation... |
Parallel Parallel voting Parallel voting describes a mixed voting system where voters in effect participate in two separate elections for a single chamber using different systems, and where the results in one election have little or no impact on the results of the other... : Largest remainder Largest remainder method The largest remainder method is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems... (70 seats) / Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... (71 seats) |
70 / 1 | 141 | 5% (parties), 7% (coalitions) | |
| Luxembourg Elections in Luxembourg Elections in Luxembourg are held to determine the political composition of the representative institutions of Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Luxembourg is a liberal representative democracy, with universal suffrage guaranteed under the constitution... |
Chamber of Deputies Chamber of Deputies of Luxembourg The Chamber of Deputies , abbreviated to the Chamber, is the unicameral national legislature of Luxembourg. 'Krautmaart' is sometimes used as a metonym for the Chamber, after the square on which the Hôtel de la Chambre is located.... |
D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... |
60 | ||
| Macau Elections in Macau Macau elects on national level a legislature. The Legislative Assembly is made up of 29 members, of whom 12 are elected by popular vote and proportional representation, 10 elected from functional constituencies and 7 appointed by the Chief Executive.... |
Legislative Council | Party list Party-list proportional representation Party-list proportional representation systems are a family of voting systems emphasizing proportional representation in elections in which multiple candidates are elected... / Functional constituencies / Appointed |
12 | 29 | |
| Macedonia Elections in the Republic of Macedonia Elections in the Republic of Macedonia gives information on election and election results in the Republic of Macedonia.The Republic of Macedonia elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five year term by the people... |
President President of the Republic of Macedonia The President of the Republic of Macedonia is the head of state of the Republic of Macedonia. The institution of the Presidency of the modern Republic of Macedonia began after the Macedonian declaration of independence on 8 September 1991. Its first president was Kiro Gligorov, the oldest president... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| Assembly Assembly of the Republic of Macedonia The Parliament of the Republic of Macedonia, the Assembly , has 123 members, elected for a four year term, by proportional representation from 6 electoral districts, each contributing 20 MPs.- Result :... |
D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... |
20 | 120 | ||
| Madagascar Elections in Madagascar Elections in Madagascar gives information on election and election results in Madagascar.Madagascar elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five year term by the people. The Parliament has two chambers... |
President | Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| National Assembly National Assembly of Madagascar The Parliament has two chambers. The lower house is the National Assembly .The Assembly has 160 members, elected for a four year term in single-member and two-member constituencies... |
1–2 | 160 | |||
| Malawi Elections in Malawi Malawi elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president and the vice-president are elected on one ballot for a five year term by the people... |
President | FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
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| National Assembly National Assembly of Malawi The unicameral National Assembly of Malawi is the country's legislative body. It consists of Members of Parliament from each constituency. They are more commonly addressed as "Members of Parliament" or "MP's".... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
194 | |||
| Malaysia Elections in Malaysia Elections in Malaysia exist at two levels: national level and state level. National level elections are those for membership in the Dewan Rakyat, the lower house of Parliament, while state level elections are for membership in the various State Legislative Assemblies... |
Dewan Rakyat Dewan Rakyat The Dewan Rakyat is the lower house of the Parliament of Malaysia. All bills must usually be passed by both the Dewan Rakyat and the Dewan Negara , before they are given Royal Assent by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
1 | 222 | |
| Maldives Elections in the Maldives Elections in Maldives gives information on election and election results in Maldives.Maldives elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected directly for a five year term by the people.... |
President President of the Maldives The President of the Maldives is the Head of State and Head of Government and first citizen of the Republic of Maldives and the Supreme Commander of the Maldivian armed forces.The current President of the Republic of Maldives is Mohamed Nasheed.... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| Majlis Majlis of the Maldives The Majlis of the Maldives or the People’s Majlis is the main legislature body of the Maldives. The Majlis has the authority to enact, amend and revise laws, except the constitution of the Maldives. Majlis is composed of 77 members... |
Bloc voting | 2 | 42 + 8 appointed | ||
| Mali Elections in Mali Elections in Mali gives information on election and election results in Mali.Mali elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five year term by the people... |
President | Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| National Assembly National Assembly of Mali The unicameral National Assembly of Mali is the country's legislative body.The current National Assembly, formed following elections held on 14 and 28 July 2002, has a total of 160 members. 147 members are directly elected in single or multi-member constituencies using the Two-Round system... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
160 | |||
| Malta Elections in Malta Malta elects on a national level the executive -, legislature and 6 MEPs representing Malta in the European Parliament.... |
President President of Malta The President of Malta is the constitutional head of state of Malta.The President is appointed by a resolution of the House of Representatives of Malta for a five year term, taking an oath to "preserve, protect and defend" the Constitution.... |
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| House of Representatives House of Representatives of Malta The House of Representatives is the unicameral legislature of Malta and a component of the Parliament of Malta.The House is composed of an odd number of members elected for a five year term... |
STV Single transferable vote The single transferable vote is a voting system designed to achieve proportional representation through preferential voting. Under STV, an elector's vote is initially allocated to his or her most preferred candidate, and then, after candidates have been either elected or eliminated, any surplus or... |
5 | 65 | ||
| Marshall Islands Elections in the Marshall Islands Elections in Marshall Islands gives information on election and election results in Marshall Islands.Marshall Islands elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a four year term by the parliament... |
Legislature Legislature of the Marshall Islands The Legislature of the Marshall Islands has 33 members, elected for a four year term in single-seat and five multi-seat constituencies... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
33 | ||
| Mauritania Elections in Mauritania Prior to the coup d'état of August 2005, Mauritania was a one party dominant state with the Democratic and Social Republican Party in power. Opposition parties were allowed, but widely considered to have no real chance of gaining power.... |
President | Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| National Assembly National Assembly of Mauritania The Parliament has two chambers. The National Assembly has 81 members, elected for a five year term in single-seat constituencies. From 1961-1978, the only legal party was the Parti du Peuple Mauritanien . In the 1990s, a multiparty system was introduced in Mauritania... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
81 | |||
| Mauritius Elections in Mauritius Elections in Mauritius gives information on elections and election results in Mauritius.Mauritius elects on national level a legislature. The National Assembly has 70 members, 62 elected for a four year term in 21 multi-member constituencies and 8 additional "best loser" members appointed by the... |
National Assembly National Assembly of Mauritius The National Assembly is Mauritius's unicameral parliament, which was called the Legislative Assembly until 1992, when the country became a republic... |
2–3 | 62 + 8 appointed | ||
| Mexico Elections in Mexico Elections in Mexico determine who, on the national level, takes the position of the head of state – the president – as well as the legislature.The President of Mexico is elected for a six-year term by the people... |
President President of Mexico The President of the United Mexican States is the head of state and government of Mexico. Under the Constitution, the president is also the Supreme Commander of the Mexican armed forces... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
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| Chamber of Deputies Chamber of Deputies of Mexico The Chamber of Deputies is the lower house of the Congress of the Union, Mexico's bicameral legislature. The structure and responsibilities of both chambers of Congress are defined in Articles 50 to 70 of the current constitution.-Composition:The Chamber of Deputies is composed of one federal... |
Parallel Parallel voting Parallel voting describes a mixed voting system where voters in effect participate in two separate elections for a single chamber using different systems, and where the results in one election have little or no impact on the results of the other... : Largest remainder Largest remainder method The largest remainder method is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems... (Hare quota Hare quota The Hare quota is a formula used under some forms of the Single Transferable Vote system and the largest remainder method of party-list proportional representation... ) (200 seats) / FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... (300 seats) |
40 / 1 | 500 | ||
| Senate Senate of Mexico The Senate of the Republic, constitutionally Chamber of Senators of the Honorable Congress of the Union After a series of reforms during the 1990s, it is now made up of 128 senators:... |
Parallel Parallel voting Parallel voting describes a mixed voting system where voters in effect participate in two separate elections for a single chamber using different systems, and where the results in one election have little or no impact on the results of the other... : Largest remainder Largest remainder method The largest remainder method is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems... (Hare quota Hare quota The Hare quota is a formula used under some forms of the Single Transferable Vote system and the largest remainder method of party-list proportional representation... ) / winner takes 2, second takes 1 |
32 / 3 | 128 | ||
| Federated States of Micronesia | Congress | FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... (10 seats), PR Proportional representation Proportional representation is a concept in voting systems used to elect an assembly or council. PR means that the number of seats won by a party or group of candidates is proportionate to the number of votes received. For example, under a PR voting system if 30% of voters support a particular... (4 seats) |
14 | ||
| Moldova Elections in Moldova Elections in Moldova gives information on election and election results in Moldova.Moldova elects on national level a legislature. The Parliament has 101 members, elected for a four year term by proportional representation with a 5% electoral threshold... |
Parliament of the Republic of Moldova Parliament of the Republic of Moldova The Parliament of the Republic of Moldova is a unicameral assembly with 101 seats. Its members are elected by popular vote every 4 years. The parliament then elects a president, who functions as the head of state... |
D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... |
101 | 101 | 6% |
| Monaco Elections in Monaco Elections in Monaco gives information on election and election results in Monaco.Monaco elects on national level a legislature . The National Council has 24 members, elected for a five year term, 16 elected by a list majority system, 8 by a proportional representation.At the last national... |
National Council National Council of Monaco The National Council is the parliament of the Principality of Monaco. Its 24 members are elected from lists by universal suffrage for five-year terms, and though it may act independently of the Prince, he may dissolve it at any time, provided that new elections be held within three months.The... |
SNTV Single non-transferable vote The single non-transferable vote or SNTV is an electoral system used in multi-member constituency elections.- Voting :In any election, each voter casts one vote for one candidate in a multi-candidate race for multiple offices. Posts are filled by the candidates with the most votes... (16 seats), D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... (8 seats) |
24 | ||
| Mongolia Elections in Mongolia Elections in Mongolia gives information on election and election results in Mongolia.Mongolia elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a four year term by the people. The State Great Khural has had 76 members, elected for a four... |
President President of Mongolia The President of Mongolia is the head of state of Mongolia. The Constitution of Mongolia implements a parliamentary system, so while much of the President's role is ceremonial, he or she does wield significant political power.-Election:... |
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| State Great Khural | FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
76 | |||
| Montenegro Elections in Montenegro Montenegro elects on national level a legislature and a head of state. The Assembly of Montenegro has 81 members elected for a four year term. The President of Montenegro is elected at large with a runoff if need be... |
Parliament Parliament of Montenegro The Parliament of Montenegro is the unicameral legislature of Montenegro. The Parliament currently has 81 members, each elected for a four-year term. The current Speaker of the Parliament is Ranko Krivokapić, while the deputy speakers are Željko Šturanović and Rifat Rastoder... |
D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... (closed list Closed list Closed list describes the variant of party-list proportional representation where voters can only vote for political parties as a whole and thus have no influence on the party-supplied order in which party candidates are elected... s) |
5, 76 | 81 | 3% |
| Montserrat Elections in Montserrat Elections in Montserrat gives information on election and election results in Montserrat.Montserrat elects on territorial level a legislature... |
Legislative Council Legislative Council of Montserrat The Legislative Council has 9 members, elected for a five year term in one constituency.-See also:*List of Speakers of the Legislative Council of Montserrat... |
9 | 9 | ||
| Morocco Elections in Morocco Elections in Morocco are held on a national level for the legislature. Parliament has two chambers. The Assembly of Representatives of Morocco has 325 members elected for a five year term, 295 elected in multi-seat constituencies and 30 in national lists consisting only of women... |
Assembly of Representatives Assembly of Representatives of Morocco The Moroccan Parliament has two chambers. The Assembly of Representatives has 325 members elected for a five year term, 295 elected in multi-seat constituencies and 30 in national lists consisting only of women. The other chamber is the Assembly of Councillors.-See also:* Assembly of Councillors*... |
Parallel: Largest remainder Largest remainder method The largest remainder method is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems... (295 seats) / list of women (30 seats) |
325 | ||
| Mozambique Elections in Mozambique Elections in Mozambique gives information on election and election results in Mozambique.Mozambique elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five year term by the people... |
President | Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| Assembly of the Republic Assembly of the Republic of Mozambique The unicameral Assembly of the Republic is the legislative body of Mozambique.The first President of the National Assembly of the People's Republic of Mozambique was President Samora Moises Machel... |
D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... |
250 | 250 | 5% | |
| Namibia Elections in Namibia Elections in Namibia gives information on election and election results in Namibia.Namibia elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five year term by the people. Parliament has two chambers... |
President | Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| National Assembly National Assembly of Namibia The National Assembly of Namibia is the lower chamber of the country's bicameral Parliament. It has a total of 78 members. 72 members are directly elected through a system of party-list proportional representation and serve five-year terms. Six additional members are appointed by the President.The... |
Hare quota Hare quota The Hare quota is a formula used under some forms of the Single Transferable Vote system and the largest remainder method of party-list proportional representation... + 6 appointed |
78 | |||
| Nauru Elections in Nauru Elections in Nauru gives information on election and election results in Nauru.Nauru elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. Parliament has 18 members, elected for a three year term in multi-seat constituencies... |
Parliament Parliament of Nauru The Parliament of Nauru has 18 members, elected for a three year term in multi-seat constituencies. The President of Nauru is elected by the members of the Parliament.The members of the Parliament of Nauru are elected by a positional voting system.... |
18 | |||
| Nepal Elections in Nepal Elections in Nepal gives information on election and election results in Nepal.In the 1990 constitution the Parliament had two chambers. The House of Representatives had 205 members elected for five year term in single-seat constituencies in 1991, 1994 and 1999... |
House of Representatives Nepal House of Representatives The House of Representatives was the lower house of parliament during the 1990 Constitution in Nepal. It consisted of 205 members directly elected by the people. It had five-year terms, but it could be dissolved by the king on the advice of the prime minister before the ending of its term.On... |
Semi Proportional Representation (German System) | 205 | ||
| Netherlands Elections in the Netherlands Elections in the Netherlands are held for six territorial levels of government: the European Union, the state, the twelve Provinces of the Netherlands, the 25 water boards, the 418 municipalities and in two cities for neighbourhood councils... |
House of Representatives | D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... |
150 | 150 | 0.67% |
| Senate | D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... |
75 | 75 | Election is conducted among the members of the twelve provincial councils | |
| New Zealand | House of Representatives (Parliament) | MMP Mixed member proportional representation Mixed-member proportional representation, also termed mixed-member proportional voting and commonly abbreviated to MMP, is a voting system originally used to elect representatives to the German Bundestag, and nowadays adopted by numerous legislatures around the world... : Sainte-Laguë method Sainte-Laguë method The Sainte-Laguë method is one way of allocating seats approximately proportional to the number of votes of a party to a party list used in many voting systems. It is named after the French mathematician André Sainte-Laguë. The Sainte-Laguë method is quite similar to the D'Hondt method, but uses... (51+ seats) / FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... (69 district seats which also includes 7 seats reserved for Maori) |
120 + overhang seats | 5% or 1 district seat | |
| Nicaragua Elections in Nicaragua Elections in Nicaragua gives information on elections and election results in Nicaragua.The Republic of Nicaragua elects on national level a head of state – the president – and a legislature. The President of Nicaragua and his or her vice-president are elected on one ballot for a... |
President President of Nicaragua The position of President of Nicaragua was created in the Constitution of 1854. From 1825 until the Constitution of 1838 the title of the position was known as Head of State and from 1838 to 1854 as Supreme Director .-Heads of State of Nicaragua within the Federal Republic of Central America... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
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| National Assembly National Assembly of Nicaragua The National Assembly is the legislative branch of the government of Nicaragua.-Composition:The Nicaraguan legislature is a unicameral body.... |
D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... |
92 | |||
| Niger Elections in Niger Every five years, elections in Niger occur on national level for the head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five year term by the people... |
President | Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| National Assembly National Assembly of Niger The unicameral National Assembly of Niger is the country's sole legislative body. The National Assembly may propose laws and is required to approve all legislation.-History:... |
Party list Party-list proportional representation Party-list proportional representation systems are a family of voting systems emphasizing proportional representation in elections in which multiple candidates are elected... (105 seats) + 8 from FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
113 | |||
| Nigeria Elections in Nigeria Elections in Nigeria are democratic forms of choosing representatives to the Nigerian federal government and the various states in Nigeria.-Background:... |
President President of Nigeria The President of Nigeria is the Head of State and head of the national executive. Officially styled President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and Commander-in-Chief of the Nigerian Armed Forces. The current President of Nigeria is Goodluck Jonathan.-History:On October 1, 1960, Nigeria gained... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| House of Representatives House of Representatives of Nigeria The House of Representatives of Nigeria is the lower house of the country's bicameral National Assembly. The Senate of Nigeria is the upper house.... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
1 | 360 | ||
| Senate Senate of Nigeria The Senate is the upper house of the National Assembly of Nigeria. It consists of 109 senators: the 36 states are divided in 3 senatorial districts each electing one senator; the Federal Capital Territory elects only one senator.... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
1 | 109 | ||
| Niue | Assembly Niue Assembly The Niue Assembly is the legislature of Niue. It consists of 20 members, 14 representatives of the villages and 6 elected on a common roll. Members are directly elected by universal suffrage, and serve a three year term... |
Bloc voting (6 seats) | 1–6 | 6 + 14 representatives of the villages | |
| North Korea Elections in North Korea Elections in North Korea are held every five years. At the national level, North Koreans elect a legislature, the Supreme People's Assembly . In addition to the Supreme People's Assembly, the people elect representatives to city, county, and provincial "people's assemblies".All seats were won by... |
Supreme People's Assembly Supreme People's Assembly The Supreme People's Assembly is the unicameral parliament of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea , commonly known as North Korea... |
Endorsement of candidate | 687 | ||
| Norway Elections in Norway Norway elects its legislature on a national level. The parliament, the Storting , has 169 members elected for a four year term by the proportional representation in multi-seat constituencies.Norway has a multi-party system, with numerous parties in which no one party often has a chance of gaining... |
Storting | Modified Sainte-Laguë method Sainte-Laguë method The Sainte-Laguë method is one way of allocating seats approximately proportional to the number of votes of a party to a party list used in many voting systems. It is named after the French mathematician André Sainte-Laguë. The Sainte-Laguë method is quite similar to the D'Hondt method, but uses... (open list Open list Open list describes any variant of party-list proportional representation where voters have at least some influence on the order in which a party's candidates are elected... s) |
4–17 | 150 + 19 leveling seat Leveling seat Leveling seats are a mechanism employed in Norwegian elections to the national legislature, the Storting, and in Swedish elections to national and regional assemblies, to ensure proportional representation both by county and political party... s |
4% for leveling seats |
| Pakistan Elections in Pakistan At the national level, Pakistan elects a bicameral legislature, the Parliament of Pakistan, which consists of a directly elected National Assembly of Pakistan and a Senate, whose members are chosen by elected provincial legislators. The Prime Minister of Pakistan is elected by the National Assembly... |
National Assembly National Assembly of Pakistan The National Assembly of Pakistan is the lower house of the bicameral Majlis-e-Shura, which also compromises the President of Pakistan and Senate . The National Assembly and the Senate both convene at Parliament House in Islamabad... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... , with Party list Party-list proportional representation Party-list proportional representation systems are a family of voting systems emphasizing proportional representation in elections in which multiple candidates are elected... for women |
272 + 10 for religious minorities + 60 for women | ||
| Palau Elections in Palau On a national level, the citizens of Palau elect a president, who serves a four-year term, and acts as head of state. A national bicameral legislature, is also elected, consisting of the Palau National Congress and the Senate of Palau. The National Congress has 16 members, each serving four-year... |
President President of Palau -List of Presidents of Palau:-Latest election:-See also:*Vice-President of Palau*High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands... |
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| House of Delegates House of Delegates of Palau Palau has a bicameral legislature, the Palau National Congress , consisting of the House of Delegates and the Senate of Palau. The House of Delegates has 16 members, each serving four-year terms in single-seat constituencies. In the last elections, held on 2 November 2004, only non-partisans were... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
16 | |||
| Senate Senate of Palau The Senate of Palau is the upper house of the Palau National Congress . The Senate has 9 members serving four-year terms in single-seat constituencies. In the elections held on 2 November 2004 only non-partisans were elected. No political parties exist.-Presidents of the Senate:... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
9 | |||
| Palestine Elections in the Palestinian National Authority Elections in the Palestinian National Authority gives information on election and election results in the Palestinian territories.The PNA hold elections for a president, legislature and local councils... |
President President of the Palestinian National Authority The President of the Palestinian National Authority is the highest-ranking political position in the Palestinian National Authority .... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
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| Legislative Council Palestinian Legislative Council The Palestinian Legislative Council, the legislature of the Palestinian Authority, is a unicameral body with 132 members, elected from 16 electoral districts in the West Bank and Gaza... |
Parallel Parallel voting Parallel voting describes a mixed voting system where voters in effect participate in two separate elections for a single chamber using different systems, and where the results in one election have little or no impact on the results of the other... : Sainte-Laguë method Sainte-Laguë method The Sainte-Laguë method is one way of allocating seats approximately proportional to the number of votes of a party to a party list used in many voting systems. It is named after the French mathematician André Sainte-Laguë. The Sainte-Laguë method is quite similar to the D'Hondt method, but uses... (closed list Closed list Closed list describes the variant of party-list proportional representation where voters can only vote for political parties as a whole and thus have no influence on the party-supplied order in which party candidates are elected... ; 66 seats) / Bloc voting or FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... (66 seats) |
66 / 1–9 | 132 | 2% | |
| Panama Elections in Panama Elections in Panama gives information on election and election results in Panama.Panama elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president and the vice-president are elected on one ballot for a five year term by the people... |
President | FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
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| National Assembly National Assembly of Panama The National Assembly , formerly the Legislative Assembly , is the legislative branch of the government of the Republic of Panama.It is a unicameral legislature, currently made up of 71 members, who serve five-year terms... |
Single-member constituencies: FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... ; multi-member: Saripolo or Sartori method (Largest remainder Largest remainder method The largest remainder method is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems... , but remainders only for those with no seats) |
1– | 78 | ||
| Papua New Guinea Elections in Papua New Guinea Elections in Papua New Guinea gives information on election and election results in Papua New Guinea.Papua New Guinea elects on national level a legislature... |
National Parliament National Parliament of Papua New Guinea The National Parliament of Papua New Guinea is the unicameral national legislature in Papua New Guinea. It was first created in 1964 as the House of Assembly of Papua and New Guinea, but gained its current name with the granting of independence in 1975.... |
IRV Instant-runoff voting Instant-runoff voting , also known as preferential voting, the alternative vote and ranked choice voting, is a voting system used to elect one winner. Voters rank candidates in order of preference, and their ballots are counted as one vote for their first choice candidate. If a candidate secures a... |
1 | 109 | |
| Paraguay Elections in Paraguay Elections in Paraguay gives information on election and election results in Paraguay.Paraguay elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five year term by the people. The National Congress has two chambers... |
President President of Paraguay The President of Paraguay is according to the Paraguayan Constitution the Chief of the Executive branch of the Government of Paraguay... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
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| Chamber of Deputies Chamber of Deputies of Paraguay The Chamber of Deputies is the lower house of Paraguay's bicameral legislature, the National Congress. It is made up of 80 members, elected for a five year term by proportional representation. The other chamber of the National Congress is the Chamber of Senators .- External links :*... |
D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... |
80 | |||
| Senate Senate of Paraguay The Chamber of Senators of Paraguay , the upper house of the National Congress, has 45 members, elected for a five year term by proportional representation.-See also:*List of Presidents of the Senate of Paraguay... |
D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... |
45 | |||
| Peru Elections in Peru In Peru, the people directly elect a head of state as well as a legislature. The president is elected by the people for a five year term... |
President | Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| Congress of the Republic Congress of Peru The Congress of the Republic of Peru or the National Congress of Peru is the unicameral body that assumes legislative power in Peru.Congress consists of 130 members of congress , who are elected for five year periods in office on a proportional representation basis... |
Largest remainder Largest remainder method The largest remainder method is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems... |
120 | |||
| Philippines Elections in the Philippines The Philippines elects on national level a head of state and a legislature. The president is elected for a six-year term by the people. The vice-president is elected at the same time on a separate ballot... |
President President of the Philippines The President of the Philippines is the head of state and head of government of the Philippines. The president leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
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| House of Representatives House of Representatives of the Philippines The House of Representatives of the Philippines is the lower chamber of the... |
Parallel Parallel voting Parallel voting describes a mixed voting system where voters in effect participate in two separate elections for a single chamber using different systems, and where the results in one election have little or no impact on the results of the other... : Party list Party-list proportional representation Party-list proportional representation systems are a family of voting systems emphasizing proportional representation in elections in which multiple candidates are elected... (closed list Closed list Closed list describes the variant of party-list proportional representation where voters can only vote for political parties as a whole and thus have no influence on the party-supplied order in which party candidates are elected... s; quota) / FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... (229 districts) |
57 / 1 (2010 onwards) | 286 (2010 onwards) | 2% unless the 57 seats are not filled up, otherwise parties with less than 2% of the vote are given a seat each until the 57 seats are filled up. | |
| Senate Senate of the Philippines The Senate of the Philippines is the upper chamber of the bicameral legislature of the Philippines, the Congress of the Philippines... |
Bloc voting Plurality-at-large voting Plurality-at-large voting is a non-proportional voting system for electing several representatives from a single multimember electoral district using a series of check boxes and tallying votes similar to a plurality election... |
12 / 1 | 24 | ||
| Poland Elections in Poland Elections in Poland gives information on election and election results in Poland. Poland has a multi-party political system. Poland elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature... |
President | Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| Sejm Sejm The Sejm is the lower house of the Polish parliament. The Sejm is made up of 460 deputies, or Poseł in Polish . It is elected by universal ballot and is presided over by a speaker called the Marshal of the Sejm .... |
D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... |
7–19 | 460 | 5% (8% for coalitions, 0% for national minorities) | |
| Senate Senate of Poland The Senate is the upper house of the Polish parliament, the lower house being the 'Sejm'. The history of the Polish Senate is rich in tradition and stretches back over 500 years, it was one of the first constituent bodies of a bicameral parliament in Europe and existed without hiatus until the... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
1 | 100 | ||
| Portugal Elections in Portugal Elections in Portugal gives information on election and election results in Portugal.Only the elections since the Carnation Revolution of 1974 are listed here. During the period encompassing the Constitutional Monarchy and the First Republic there were also elections, but only for a limited... |
President President of Portugal Portugal has been a republic since 1910, and since that time the head of state has been the president, whose official title is President of the Portuguese Republic .... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| Assembly of the Republic Assembly of the Republic The Assembly of the Republic is the Portuguese parliament. It is located in a historical building in Lisbon, referred to as Palácio de São Bento, the site of an old Benedictine monastery... |
D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... |
2–48 | 230 | ||
| Romania Elections in Romania Romania elects on a national level a head of state – the president – and a legislature. The president is elected for a five year term by the people . The Romanian Parliament has two chambers... |
President President of Romania The President of Romania is the head of state of Romania. The President is directly elected by a two-round system for a five-year term . An individual may serve two terms... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| Chamber of Deputies Chamber of Deputies of Romania The Chamber of Deputies is the lower house in Romania's bicameral parliament. It has 315 seats, to which deputies are elected by direct popular vote on a proportional representation basis to serve four-year terms... |
MMP | 329 | 5% (parties), 8-10% (coalitions) or 6 district seats | ||
| Senate Senate of Romania The Senate of Romania is the upper house in the bicameral Parliament of Romania. It has 137 seats , to which members are elected by direct popular vote, using Mixed member proportional representation in 42 electoral districts , to serve four-year terms.-Former location:After the Romanian... |
MMP | 137 | 5% (parties), 8-10% (coalitions) or 3 district seats | ||
| Russia Elections in Russia On the federal level, Russia elects a president as head of state and a legislature, one of the two chambers of the Federal Assembly. The president is elected for at most two six-year terms by the people . The Federal Assembly has two chambers... |
President | Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| State Duma State Duma The State Duma , common abbreviation: Госду́ма ) in the Russian Federation is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia , the upper house being the Federation Council of Russia. The Duma headquarters is located in central Moscow, a few steps from Manege Square. Its members are referred to... |
Largest remainder Largest remainder method The largest remainder method is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems... (Closed list Closed list Closed list describes the variant of party-list proportional representation where voters can only vote for political parties as a whole and thus have no influence on the party-supplied order in which party candidates are elected... s /FPTP) |
450 | 7% | ||
| Rwanda Elections in Rwanda The major recurring elections in Rwanda on a national level are the election of the President of Rwanda, which recurs after seven years, and the election of the Parliament of Rwanda .... |
President | FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
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| Chamber of Deputies Chamber of Deputies of Rwanda The Chamber of Deputies is the lower house of the bicameral national legislature of Rwanda.It was created under the new Constitution adopted by referendum in 2003.... |
Largest remainder Largest remainder method The largest remainder method is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems... |
53 + 24 elected by provincial councils + 3 appointed | 5% | ||
| Saint Kitts and Nevis Elections in Saint Kitts and Nevis Elections in Saint Kitts and Nevis gives information on election and election results in Saint Kitts and Nevis.Saint Kitts and Nevis elects on national level a legislature... |
National Assembly National Assembly of Saint Kitts and Nevis The National Assembly is the parliament of Saint Kitts and Nevis. The Assembly has 14 or 15 members , 11 of whom are elected for a five year term in single-seat constituencies and are known as Representatives. The remaining four are called Senators; three are appointed by the governor-general and... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
11 + 3 appointed + 1 ex officio | ||
| Saint Lucia Elections in Saint Lucia Elections in Saint Lucia gives information on election and election results in Saint Lucia.Saint Lucia elects on national level a legislature. The Legislature has two chambers. The House of Assembly has 17 members, elected for a five year term in single-seat constituencies... |
House of Assembly House of Assembly of Saint Lucia The Parliament of Saint Lucia has two chambers. The House of Assembly is the popular elected chamber of the Legislature. It has 17 members, elected for a five year term in single-seat constituencies.-Current Composition:... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
17 | ||
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Elections in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Elections in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines gives information on election and election results in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.Saint Vincent and the Grenadines elects on national level a legislature... |
House of Assembly House of Assembly of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines The House of Assembly of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is a unicameral legislature that serves as the legislative body for Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
15 + 6 appointed | ||
| Samoa Elections in Samoa At the national level, Samoa elects a legislature. The Fono or Legislative Assembly has 49 members elected for a five year term, 47 members out of the matai in six two-seat, 35 single-seat constituencies, and 2 members by the non-Samoan nationals... |
Fono Fono The Legislative Assembly is the Parliament of Samoa based in the capital Apia where the country's central administration is situated.In the Samoan language, the Legislative Assembly of Samoa is sometimes referred to as the Samoan Fono while the government of the country is referred to as the... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... / Bloc voting |
1–2 | 47 | |
| San Marino Elections in San Marino Elections in San Marino gives information on election and election results in San Marino.San Marino elects on national level a legislature. The Grand and General Council has 60 members, elected for a five year term by proportional representation with national majority bonus .San Marino has... |
Grand and General Council Grand and General Council The Grand and General Council is the parliament of San Marino. The council has 60 members elected for a five-year term.The electoral law was based on proportional representation from 1945 to 2007. Since then, it is based on the electoral system of Italian municipalities... |
D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... with national majority bonus |
60 | ||
| São Tomé and Príncipe Elections in São Tomé and Príncipe Elections in São Tomé and Príncipe gives information on election and election results in São Tomé and Príncipe.São Tomé and Príncipe elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five year term by the people... |
President | Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| National Assembly National Assembly of São Tomé and Príncipe The unicameral National Assembly of São Tomé and Príncipe is the country's legislative body.The current National Assembly, formed following elections held on 26 March 2006, has a total of 55 members elected in 7 multi-member constituencies using the party-list proportional representation system... |
Party list Party-list proportional representation Party-list proportional representation systems are a family of voting systems emphasizing proportional representation in elections in which multiple candidates are elected... |
55 | |||
| Senegal Elections in Senegal Elections in Senegal gives information on election and election results in Senegal.Senegal elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five year term by the people . The National Assembly has 150 members, elected for a five year... |
President | Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| National Assembly National Assembly of Senegal The National Assembly of Senegal is the lower house of Senegal's parliament.-The current National Assembly:The current National Assembly, formed following elections held on 29 April 2001, has a total of 150 elected members who serve five-year terms. The electoral system is a mixed member... |
Bloc voting | 120 | |||
| Serbia Elections in Serbia Serbia elects on national level a legislature and a president. The National Assembly of Serbia has 250 members elected for a four year term. Serbia has a multi-party system, with numerous parties in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other... |
President President of Serbia The President of Serbia is the head of state of Serbia. Presently serving as the head of state is Boris Tadić. He was elected with a narrow majority of 50.31% in the 2008 Serbian presidential elections.-Authority, legal and constitutional rights:... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| National Assembly National Assembly of Serbia The National Assembly of Serbia is the unicameral parliament of Serbia. It is composed of 250 proportionally elected deputies elected in general elections by secret ballot, on 4 years term. The National Assembly elects the President of the National Assembly who presides over the sessions... |
D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... |
250 | 250 | 5% (0.4% for minorities) | |
| Seychelles Elections in Seychelles This article gives information on election and election results in Seychelles. Seychelles elects on national level a head of state — the president — and a legislature. The president is elected for a five year term by the people... |
President | FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
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| National Assembly National Assembly of Seychelles The unicameral National Assembly of Seychelles is the country's legislative body.The current National Assembly, formed following elections held on 4, 5, and 6 December 2002, has a total of 34 members. 25 members are elected in single member constituencies using the simple majority system... |
Parallel Parallel voting Parallel voting describes a mixed voting system where voters in effect participate in two separate elections for a single chamber using different systems, and where the results in one election have little or no impact on the results of the other... : Hare quota Hare quota The Hare quota is a formula used under some forms of the Single Transferable Vote system and the largest remainder method of party-list proportional representation... (9 seats) / FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... (25 seats) |
9 / 1 | 34 | ||
| Sierra Leone Elections in Sierra Leone Elections in Sierra Leone gives information on election and election results in Sierra Leone.Sierra Leone elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five year term by the people... |
Parliament Parliament of Sierra Leone The unicameral Parliament of Sierra Leone is the country's legislative body. It is sometimes known as the House of Representatives.The current Parliament, formed following elections held on 14 May 2002, has a total of 124 members. 112 members are directly elected in multi-member constituencies... |
Largest remainder Largest remainder method The largest remainder method is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems... |
112 | 112 + 12 Paramount chiefs | 12.5% |
| Singapore Elections in Singapore There are currently two types of elections in Singapore: parliamentary and presidential elections.While the Constitution of Singapore does not specify exactly when elections need to be held, Parliamentary or General Elections are generally 5 years apart, while Presidential elections are generally... |
President President of Singapore The President of the Republic of Singapore is Singapore's head of state. In a Westminster parliamentary system, as which Singapore governs itself, the prime minister is the head of the government while the position of president is largely ceremonial. Before 1993, the President of Singapore was... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
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| Parliament Parliament of Singapore The Parliament of the Republic of Singapore and the President jointly make up the legislature of Singapore. Parliament is unicameral and is made up of Members of Parliament who are elected, as well as Non-constituency Members of Parliament and Nominated Members of Parliament who are appointed... |
Bloc voting / FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
1 or 4 or 5 or 6 (depending on constituency) | 87 + 9 appointed + 9 NCMP Non-Constituency Member of Parliament Non-Constituency Members of Parliament are members of the opposition parties who are appointed as members of the Parliament of Singapore even though they had lost in the parliamentary election.... |
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| Slovakia Elections in Slovakia Elections in Slovakia gives information on election and election results in Slovakia.Slovakia elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five year term by the people... |
President President of Slovakia The President of Slovakia is the head of state of Slovakia. The President is directly elected by the people for five years, and can be elected for a maximum of two consecutive terms. The presidency is largely a ceremonial office, but the President does exercise certain limited powers with absolute... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| National Council of the Slovak Republic National Council of the Slovak Republic The National Council of the Slovak Republic , abbreviated to NR SR, is the national parliament of Slovakia. It is unicameral, and consists of 150 MPs, who are elected by universal suffrage under proportional representation every four years.... |
Hagenbach-Bischoff Hagenbach-Bischoff system The Hagenbach-Bischoff system is a variant of the D'Hondt method, used for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. It usually uses the Hagenbach-Bischoff quota for allocating seats, and for any seats remaining the D'Hondt method is then applied so that the first and subsequent... (semi-open list Open list Open list describes any variant of party-list proportional representation where voters have at least some influence on the order in which a party's candidates are elected... s) |
150 | 5% / 7% (coalitions) | ||
| Slovenia Elections in Slovenia At a national level, Slovenia elects a head of state and a legislature. The president is elected for a five year term by the people using the Run-Off system. The National Assembly , Slovenia's parliament, has 90 members each elected for four-year terms. All but two of these are elected using the... |
President President of Slovenia The function of President of the Republic of Slovenia was established on 23 December 1991, when the National Assembly of Slovenia passed a new constitution as a result of independence from Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| National Assembly National Assembly (Slovenia) The National Assembly is the general representative body of the Slovenian nation. According to the Constitution of Slovenia and the Constitutional Court of Slovenia, it is the major part of the distinctively incompletely bicameral legislative branch of the Republic of Slovenia. It is unicameral... |
D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... (88 seats) + 2 seats by Borda Count |
11/8 + 2 single-seat constituencies | 90 | 4% | |
| Solomon Islands Elections in the Solomon Islands Elections in Solomon Islands gives information on election and election results in Solomon Islands.Solomon Islands elects on national level a legislature... |
National Parliament National Parliament of the Solomon Islands The National Parliament of Solomon Islands has 50 members, elected for a four year term in 50 single-seat constituencies.It is presided by a Speaker - currently Sir Allan Kemakeza.-Latest elections:-Members:... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
50 | ||
| South Africa Elections in South Africa Elections in South Africa take place on national, provincial, and local levels. South Africa is a multi-party democracy with the African National Congress in power with a significant majority since 1994... |
National Assembly National Assembly of South Africa The National Assembly is the lower house of the Parliament of South Africa, located in Cape Town, Western Cape Province. It consists of no fewer than 350 and no more than 400 members... |
Droop quota Droop Quota The Droop quota is the quota most commonly used in elections held under the Single Transferable Vote system. It is also sometimes used in elections held under the largest remainder method of party-list proportional representation . In an STV election the quota is the minimum number of votes a... (Closed list Closed list Closed list describes the variant of party-list proportional representation where voters can only vote for political parties as a whole and thus have no influence on the party-supplied order in which party candidates are elected... s) |
400 | ||
| South Korea Elections in South Korea Elections in South Korea are held on national level to select the President and the National Assembly.The president is directly elected for a single five-year term by plurality vote. The National Assembly has 299 members elected for a four-year term, 245 in single-seat constituencies and 54 members... |
President President of South Korea The President of the Republic of Korea is, according to the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, chief executive of the government, commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and the head of state of the Republic of Korea... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
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| National Assembly National Assembly of South Korea The National Assembly of the Republic of Korea is a 299-member unicameral legislature. The latest general elections were held on April 9, 2008. Single-member constituencies comprise 245 of the National Assembly's seats, while the remaining 54 are allocated by proportional representation... |
Parallel Parallel voting Parallel voting describes a mixed voting system where voters in effect participate in two separate elections for a single chamber using different systems, and where the results in one election have little or no impact on the results of the other... : Party list Party-list proportional representation Party-list proportional representation systems are a family of voting systems emphasizing proportional representation in elections in which multiple candidates are elected... (54 seats) / FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... (245 seats) |
299 | |||
| Spain Elections in Spain There are four types of elections in Spain: general elections, elections to the legislatures of the autonomous communities, local elections and elections to the European Parliament... |
Congress of Deputies Spanish Congress of Deputies The Spanish Congress of Deputies is the lower house of the Cortes Generales, Spain's legislative branch. It has 350 members, elected by popular vote on block lists by proportional representation in constituencies matching the Spanish provinces using the D'Hondt method. Deputies serve four-year terms... |
D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... (Closed Lists) |
1–35 | 350 | 3% |
| Senate | Partial bloc voting Plurality-at-large voting Plurality-at-large voting is a non-proportional voting system for electing several representatives from a single multimember electoral district using a series of check boxes and tallying votes similar to a plurality election... (208 members), appointment by regional legislatures (51 members) |
2–4 | 259 | ||
| Sri Lanka Elections in Sri Lanka Elections in Sri Lanka gives information on election and election results in Sri Lanka.Sri Lanka elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a six year term by the people... |
President President of Sri Lanka The President of Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is the elected head of state and the head of government. The President is a dominant political figure in Sri Lanka. The office was created in 1978 but has grown so powerful there have been calls to restrict or even eliminate its power... |
Sri Lankan contingent vote | |||
| Parliament of Sri Lanka Parliament of Sri Lanka The Parliament of Sri Lanka is the 225-member unicameral legislature of Sri Lanka. The members of Parliament are elected by proportional representation for six-year terms, with universal suffrage. Parliament reserves the power to make all laws... |
Largest remainder Largest remainder method The largest remainder method is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems... (Hare quota Hare quota The Hare quota is a formula used under some forms of the Single Transferable Vote system and the largest remainder method of party-list proportional representation... ) |
4-20 | 225 | ||
| Suriname Elections in Suriname Elections in Suriname gives information on election and election results in Suriname.Suriname elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five year term by an electoral college based on the parliament... |
National Assembly of Suriname National Assembly of Suriname The National Assembly is the Parliament, representing the legislative branch of government in the Republic of Suriname. It is a unicameral legislature... |
Party list Party-list proportional representation Party-list proportional representation systems are a family of voting systems emphasizing proportional representation in elections in which multiple candidates are elected... |
51 | ||
| Sweden Elections in Sweden Elections in the Kingdom of Sweden are held every four years, and determine the makeup of the legislative bodies on the three levels of administrative division in the country. At the highest level, these elections determine the allocation of seats in the Riksdag, the national legislative body of... |
Riksdag Parliament of Sweden The Riksdag is the national legislative assembly of Sweden. The riksdag is a unicameral assembly with 349 members , who are elected on a proportional basis to serve fixed terms of four years... |
Modified Sainte-Laguë (Open list Open list Open list describes any variant of party-list proportional representation where voters have at least some influence on the order in which a party's candidates are elected... ) |
349 | 4% (or 12% in a constituency) | |
| Switzerland Elections in Switzerland Elections in Switzerland gives information on election and election results in Switzerland.Switzerland elects on national level a head of state - the Federal Council - and a legislature. The Federal Assembly has two chambers... |
National Council National Council of Switzerland The National Council of Switzerland is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Switzerland. With 200 seats, it is the larger of the two houses.... |
D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... (open list Open list Open list describes any variant of party-list proportional representation where voters have at least some influence on the order in which a party's candidates are elected... s) |
1–-34 | 200 | |
| Council of States Swiss Council of States The Council of States of Switzerland is the smaller chamber of the Federal Assembly of Switzerland, and is considered the Assembly's upper house. There are 46 Councillors.... |
Varies with canton (generally runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... ) |
1–2 | 46 | ||
| Syria Elections in Syria Elections in Syria gives information on election and election results in Syria.Syria elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The People's Council has 250 members elected for a four year term in 15 multi-seat constituencies, in which 167 seats are guaranteed... |
President | Endorsement of candidate | |||
| People's Council People's Council of Syria The People's Council -External links:* official government website... |
250, of which 167 are guaranteed for the National Patriotic Front | ||||
| Taiwan (Republic of China) Elections in the Republic of China Elections of the Republic of China gives information on election and election results in the Republic of China with effective control over Taiwan Area since 1949. The Republic of China elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a... |
President President of the Republic of China The President of the Republic of China is the head of state and commander-in-chief of the Republic of China . The Republic of China was founded on January 1, 1912, to govern all of China... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
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| Legislative Yuan Legislative Yuan The Legislative Yuan is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of China .The Legislative Yuan is one of the five branches of government stipulated by the Constitution of the Republic of China, which follows Sun Yat-sen's Three Principles of the People... |
Parallel Parallel voting Parallel voting describes a mixed voting system where voters in effect participate in two separate elections for a single chamber using different systems, and where the results in one election have little or no impact on the results of the other... : FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... (73 seats) / Largest remainder Largest remainder method The largest remainder method is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems... (Hare quota Hare quota The Hare quota is a formula used under some forms of the Single Transferable Vote system and the largest remainder method of party-list proportional representation... ) (34 seats) Aboriginal seats: SNTV Single non-transferable vote The single non-transferable vote or SNTV is an electoral system used in multi-member constituency elections.- Voting :In any election, each voter casts one vote for one candidate in a multi-candidate race for multiple offices. Posts are filled by the candidates with the most votes... (6 seats) |
1 Aboriginal constituencies: 3 |
113 | 5% | |
| Tajikistan Elections in Tajikistan Elections in Tajikistan gives information on election and election results in Tajikistan.Tajikistan elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five year term by the people. The Supreme Assembly has two chambers... |
President | ||||
| Supreme Assembly of Tajikistan Supreme Assembly of Tajikistan The Supreme Assembly of Tajikistan , Tajikistan's parliament, has two chambers:*Assembly of Representatives , the lower chamber with 63 members elected for a five year term, 22 by proportional representation and 41 in single-seat constituencies... |
Parallel Parallel voting Parallel voting describes a mixed voting system where voters in effect participate in two separate elections for a single chamber using different systems, and where the results in one election have little or no impact on the results of the other... : Party list Party-list proportional representation Party-list proportional representation systems are a family of voting systems emphasizing proportional representation in elections in which multiple candidates are elected... (22 seats) / Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... single-member constituencies (41 seats) |
63 | |||
| Tanzania Elections in Tanzania Elections in Tanzania gives information on election and election results in Tanzania.Tanzania elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five year term by the people... |
President President of Tanzania The President of the United Republic of Tanzania is the head of state and head of government of Tanzania. The president leads the executive branch of the Government of Tanzania and is the commander-in-chief of the Tanzania People's Defence Force.... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
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| National Assembly National Assembly of Tanzania The National Assembly of Tanzania and the President of the United Republic make up the Parliament of Tanzania. The current Speaker of the National Assembly is Hon. Anna Makinda, who presides over an assembly of 357 members.- History :... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
324 | |||
| Thailand | House of Representatives National Assembly of Thailand The National Assembly of Thailand or the Parliament of Thailand is the legislative branch of the government of Thailand. The National Assembly of Thailand is a bicameral body, consisting of two chambers: the upper house, , and the lower house,... |
Parallel Parallel voting Parallel voting describes a mixed voting system where voters in effect participate in two separate elections for a single chamber using different systems, and where the results in one election have little or no impact on the results of the other... : Party list Party-list proportional representation Party-list proportional representation systems are a family of voting systems emphasizing proportional representation in elections in which multiple candidates are elected... (80 seats) / FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... (400 seats) |
1-3 | 480 | |
| Senate National Assembly of Thailand The National Assembly of Thailand or the Parliament of Thailand is the legislative branch of the government of Thailand. The National Assembly of Thailand is a bicameral body, consisting of two chambers: the upper house, , and the lower house,... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... or SNTV Single non-transferable vote The single non-transferable vote or SNTV is an electoral system used in multi-member constituency elections.- Voting :In any election, each voter casts one vote for one candidate in a multi-candidate race for multiple offices. Posts are filled by the candidates with the most votes... |
200 | |||
| Togo Elections in Togo Elections in Togo gives information on election and election results in Togo.Togo elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five year term by the people... |
President | Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| National Assembly of Togo National Assembly of Togo The unicameral National Assembly of Togo is the country's legislative body. It has a total of 81 members who are elected in a party list proportional representation system... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
81 | |||
| Tonga | Legislative Assembly Legislative Assembly of Tonga The Legislative Assembly of Tonga has 30 members, 9 members elected for a three year term in multi-seat constituencies via the single non-transferable vote system, 9 members elected for a three year term by the 33 hereditary nobles of Tonga, 10 members of the Privy Council and 2 governors. The... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
9 + 9 elected by nobles + 10 members of Privy Council + 2 governors | ||
| Trinidad and Tobago Elections in Trinidad and Tobago Elections in Trinidad and Tobago gives information on election and election results in Trinidad and Tobago.Trinidad and Tobago elects on national level a House of Representatives... |
House of Representatives House of Representatives of Trinidad and Tobago The House of Representatives is the elected Lower House of the bicameral Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago. The House of Representatives sits in the Red House in Port of Spain. It has 41 members, each elected to represent single-seat constituencies... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
1 | 41 | |
| Tunisia Elections in Tunisia Prior to the 2011 Tunisian revolution, Elections in Tunisia were held every five to six years, and elected both the president and members of both legislative branches to the national government of the Republic of Tunisia... |
President President of Tunisia The President of Tunisia, formally known as the President of the Tunisian Republic is the head of state of Tunisia. Tunisia is a presidential republic in which the president is the head of the executive branch of government with the assistance of the Prime Minister of Tunisia, formally the head of... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
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| Chamber of Deputies Chamber of Deputies of Tunisia The Chamber of Deputies is the lower chamber of the Parliament of Tunisia, the bicameral legislative branch of the government of Tunisia. It has 189 seats and members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms. 20% of the seats are reserved for the opposition. Elections are held in the... |
Parallel Parallel voting Parallel voting describes a mixed voting system where voters in effect participate in two separate elections for a single chamber using different systems, and where the results in one election have little or no impact on the results of the other... : Highest average for parties not winning an electorate (37 seats) / FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... (152 seats) |
34 / 1 | 189 | ||
| Turkey Elections in Turkey Turkey elects on the national level a legislature. The Grand National Assembly of Turkey has 550 members, elected for a four year term by a system based on proportional representation... |
President President of Turkey The President of Turkey is the head of state of the Republic of Turkey. The presidency is largely a ceremonial office but has some important functions... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| Grand National Assembly Grand National Assembly of Turkey The Grand National Assembly of Turkey , usually referred to simply as the Meclis , is the unicameral Turkish legislature. It is the sole body given the legislative prerogatives by the Turkish Constitution. It was founded in Ankara on 23 April 1920 in the midst of the Turkish War of Independence... |
D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... |
2-25 | 550 | 10% | |
| Turkmenistan Elections in Turkmenistan Turkmenistan elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The Elections in Turkmenistan have been widely criticized for being completely fraudulent and attempting to give an appearance of legitimacy to what is in reality a dictatorship... |
President President of Turkmenistan -First Secretaries of the Turkmen Communist Party:*Ivan Mezhlauk *Shaymardan Ibragimov *Nikolay Paskutsky *Grigory Aronshtam... |
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| Assembly Assembly of Turkmenistan The Assembly is the legislative branch of Turkmenistan. It has 125 members, elected for a five-year term in single-seat constituencies.- History :Originally, it shared power with the People's Council.... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
50 | |||
| Tuvalu | Parliament Parliament of Tuvalu The Parliament of Tuvalu is the unicameral national legislature in Tuvalu.-History and political culture:... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... or SNTV Single non-transferable vote The single non-transferable vote or SNTV is an electoral system used in multi-member constituency elections.- Voting :In any election, each voter casts one vote for one candidate in a multi-candidate race for multiple offices. Posts are filled by the candidates with the most votes... |
1–2 | 15 | |
| Uganda Elections in Uganda Uganda provides national elections for a president and a legislature. The president is elected for a five year term. The National Assembly has 292 members. 214 members are elected without party labels directly in single seat constituencies, while 78 members are elected from so-called special... |
President President of Uganda -List of Presidents of Uganda:-Affiliations:-See also:*Uganda*Vice President of Uganda*Prime Minister of Uganda*Politics of Uganda*History of Uganda*Political parties of Uganda... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
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| National Assembly National Assembly of Uganda The Parliament of Uganda, comprises 215 Constituency Representatives, 79 District Woman Representatives, 10 Uganda People's Defence Forces Representatives, 5 Representatives of the Youth, 5 Representatives of Persons with Disabilities, 5 Representatives of Workers, and 13 Ex-officio Members.After... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
214 + 78 from various groups | |||
| Ukraine Elections in Ukraine Elections in Ukraine gives information on election and election results in Ukraine.Ukraine elects on national level a head of state and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people... |
President President of Ukraine Prior to the formation of the modern Ukrainian presidency, the previous Ukrainian head of state office was officially established in exile by Andriy Livytskyi. At first the de facto leader of nation was the president of the Central Rada at early years of the Ukrainian People's Republic, while the... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| Verkhovna Rada Verkhovna Rada The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine is Ukraine's parliament. The Verkhovna Rada is a unicameral parliament composed of 450 deputies, which is presided over by a chairman... |
Party list Party-list proportional representation Party-list proportional representation systems are a family of voting systems emphasizing proportional representation in elections in which multiple candidates are elected... (Closed list Closed list Closed list describes the variant of party-list proportional representation where voters can only vote for political parties as a whole and thus have no influence on the party-supplied order in which party candidates are elected... s) |
450 | 450 | 3% | |
| United Kingdom Elections in the United Kingdom There are five types of elections in the United Kingdom: United Kingdom general elections, elections to devolved parliaments and assemblies, elections to the European Parliament, local elections and mayoral elections. Elections are held on Election Day, which is conventionally a Thursday... |
House of Commons British House of Commons The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords . Both Commons and Lords meet in the Palace of Westminster. The Commons is a democratically elected body, consisting of 650 members , who are known as Members... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
1 | 650 | |
| Scottish Parliament Scottish Parliament The Scottish Parliament is the devolved national, unicameral legislature of Scotland, located in the Holyrood area of the capital, Edinburgh. The Parliament, informally referred to as "Holyrood", is a democratically elected body comprising 129 members known as Members of the Scottish Parliament... |
Additional Member System Additional Member System The Additional Member System is the term used in the United Kingdom for the mixed member proportional representation voting system used in Scotland, Wales and the London Assembly.... |
1 | 129 | ||
| Welsh Assembly | Additional Member System Additional Member System The Additional Member System is the term used in the United Kingdom for the mixed member proportional representation voting system used in Scotland, Wales and the London Assembly.... |
1 | 60 | ||
| Northern Ireland Assembly Northern Ireland Assembly The Northern Ireland Assembly is the devolved legislature of Northern Ireland. It has power to legislate in a wide range of areas that are not explicitly reserved to the Parliament of the United Kingdom, and to appoint the Northern Ireland Executive... |
Single Transferable Vote Single transferable vote The single transferable vote is a voting system designed to achieve proportional representation through preferential voting. Under STV, an elector's vote is initially allocated to his or her most preferred candidate, and then, after candidates have been either elected or eliminated, any surplus or... |
6 | 108 | ||
| London Assembly London Assembly The London Assembly is an elected body, part of the Greater London Authority, that scrutinises the activities of the Mayor of London and has the power, with a two-thirds majority, to amend the mayor's annual budget. The assembly was established in 2000 and is headquartered at City Hall on the south... |
Additional Member System Additional Member System The Additional Member System is the term used in the United Kingdom for the mixed member proportional representation voting system used in Scotland, Wales and the London Assembly.... |
1 | 25 | ||
| Local elections | FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... for England and Wales, Single Transferable Vote Single transferable vote The single transferable vote is a voting system designed to achieve proportional representation through preferential voting. Under STV, an elector's vote is initially allocated to his or her most preferred candidate, and then, after candidates have been either elected or eliminated, any surplus or... for Scotland and Northern Ireland |
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| United States Elections in the United States The United States has a federal government, with elected officials at the federal , state and local levels. On a national level, the head of state, the President, is elected indirectly by the people, through an Electoral College. In modern times, the electors virtually always vote with the popular... |
President President of the United States The President of the United States of America is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces.... |
Electoral college Electoral college An electoral college is a set of electors who are selected to elect a candidate to a particular office. Often these represent different organizations or entities, with each organization or entity represented by a particular number of electors or with votes weighted in a particular way... (electors generally chosen using either FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... on per state basis, or primary election Primary election A primary election is an election in which party members or voters select candidates for a subsequent election. Primary elections are one means by which a political party nominates candidates for the next general election.... followed by a second round Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... ) |
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| House of Representatives United States House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives is one of the two Houses of the United States Congress, the bicameral legislature which also includes the Senate.The composition and powers of the House are established in Article One of the Constitution... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
1 | 435 | ||
| Senate United States Senate The United States Senate is the upper house of the bicameral legislature of the United States, and together with the United States House of Representatives comprises the United States Congress. The composition and powers of the Senate are established in Article One of the U.S. Constitution. Each... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
2 per state, 1 per election | 100 | ||
| Uruguay Elections in Uruguay Uruguay elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president and the vice-president are elected on one ballot for a five year term by the people. The General Assembly has two chambers. The Chamber of Deputies has 99 members, elected for a five year term by... |
President President of Uruguay The President of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay is the head of state of Uruguay. His or her rights are determined in the Constitution of Uruguay. Conforms with the Secretariat of the Presidency, the Council of Ministers and the Director of the Office of Planning and Budget, the executive branch... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| Chamber of Deputies Chamber of Deputies of Uruguay The House of Representatives is the lower house of the General Assembly of Uruguay . The Chamber has 99 members, elected for a five year term by proportional representation... |
D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... |
2-42 | 99 | ||
| Chamber of Senators Senate of Uruguay The Chamber of Senators is the upper house of the General Assembly of Uruguay. The Chamber has 30 members elected for a five year term by proportional representation; the vice-president of Uruguay presides over the chamber's sessions... |
D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... |
30 | 30 + vice-president | ||
| Uzbekistan Elections in Uzbekistan Elections in Uzbekistan gives information on election and election results in Uzbekistan.Uzbekistan elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five year term by the people... |
President President of Uzbekistan President of the Republic of Uzbekistan is the Head of State and executive authority in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The office of President was established in 1991 replacing the position of First secretary of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan that has existed since 1925 while the country was known... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| Vanuatu Elections in Vanuatu Elections in Vanuatu gives information on election and election results in Vanuatu.Vanuatu elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The Parliament or Parlement has 52 members, elected for a four year term in multi-seat constituencies... |
Parliament Parliament of Vanuatu The Parliament is the unicameral legislative body of the Republic of Vanuatu.It was established by chapter 4 of the 1980 Constitution, upon Vanuatu's independence from France and the United Kingdom.... |
SNTV Single non-transferable vote The single non-transferable vote or SNTV is an electoral system used in multi-member constituency elections.- Voting :In any election, each voter casts one vote for one candidate in a multi-candidate race for multiple offices. Posts are filled by the candidates with the most votes... |
52 | ||
| Venezuela Elections in Venezuela ||Elections in Venezuela gives information on elections and election results in Venezuela.Venezuela elects on a national level a head of state a president and a unicameral federal legislature. The President of Venezuela is elected for a six-year term by the people, and is eligible for re-election... |
President | FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
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| National Assembly National Assembly of Venezuela The National Assembly is the legislative branch of the Venezuelan government. It is a unicameral body made up of a variable number of members, who are elected by "universal, direct, personal, and secret" vote partly by direct election in state-based voting districts, and partly on a state-based... |
Parallel Parallel voting Parallel voting describes a mixed voting system where voters in effect participate in two separate elections for a single chamber using different systems, and where the results in one election have little or no impact on the results of the other... : Regional party list Party-list proportional representation Party-list proportional representation systems are a family of voting systems emphasizing proportional representation in elections in which multiple candidates are elected... (closed list Closed list Closed list describes the variant of party-list proportional representation where voters can only vote for political parties as a whole and thus have no influence on the party-supplied order in which party candidates are elected... ; D'Hondt method D'Hondt method The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878... ) (52 seats) / FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... or bloc voting, and FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... in districts reserved for indigenous peoples (113 seats) |
2 (20 states)-3 (4) / 1 (68 districts), 2 (15), and 3 (4); at least 1 district per state. The three indigenous' districts comprise some whole states | 165 | ||
| Vietnam Elections in Vietnam Elections in Vietnam gives information on election and election results in Vietnam.Vietnam elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The National Assembly has 498 members, elected for a five year term. Vietnam is a single-party state... |
National Assembly National Assembly of Vietnam The Constitution of Vietnam recognizes the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam as "the highest organ of state power." The National Assembly, a 493-member unicameral body elected to a five-year term, meets twice a year... |
498 | |||
| Yemen Elections in Yemen Yemen elects on national level a head of state and a legislature. The president is elected for a seven year term by the people. The Assembly of Representatives of Yemen has 301 members, elected for a six year term in single-seat constituencies.Yemen is usually considered a dominant-party state... |
President President of Yemen The President of the Republic of Yemen is the head of state of Yemen.Under the Constitution of Yemen, the president is also the supreme commander of the armed forces and head of the executive branch of the Yemeni government.... |
Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| Assembly of Representatives Assembly of Representatives of Yemen The Assembly of Representatives is the legislature of Yemen. The Assembly has 301 members, elected for a six year term in single-seat constituencies.-See also:* List of Speakers of the Assembly of Representatives of Yemen... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
301 | |||
| Zambia Elections in Zambia Zambia elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five year term by the people... |
President | FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
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| National Assembly National Assembly of Zambia The unicameral National Assembly of Zambia is the country's legislative body.The current National Assembly, formed following elections held on 20 September 2011, has a total of 156 members . 150 members are directly elected in single-member constituencies using the simple majority system... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
150 | |||
| Zimbabwe Elections in Zimbabwe The Zimbabwe government consists of an elected head of state, the president, and a legislature. The presidential term lasts for 6 years. Parliament is bicameral, consisting of the House of Assembly and Senate. The House of assembly has 210 members 200 elected for five-year terms by single-member... |
President | Runoff Two-round system The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate... |
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| House of Assembly House of Assembly of Zimbabwe The House of Assembly of Zimbabwe is the lower chamber of the country's bicameral Parliament. It was the unicameral legislative body from 1989 until late November 2005, when the Senate was re-introduced.... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
210 | |||
| Senate Senate of Zimbabwe The Senate of Zimbabwe is the upper chamber of the country's bicameral Parliament. It existed from 1980 to 1989, and was re-introduced in November 2005.... |
FPTP Plurality voting system The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies... |
60 + 11 appointed by the President |
Key
Seats per district : Most elections are split into a number of electoral districtElectoral district
An electoral district is a distinct territorial subdivision for holding a separate election for one or more seats in a legislative body...
s. In some elections, there is one person elected per district. In others, there are many people elected per district. Electoral districts can have different names, see list of electoral districts by nation.
Total number of seats : the number of representatives elected to the body in total.
Election threshold : see Election threshold
Election threshold
In party-list proportional representation systems, an election threshold is a clause that stipulates that a party must receive a minimum percentage of votes, either nationally or within a particular district, to obtain any seats in the parliament...
FPTP
Plurality voting system
The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies...
: Using the system of First Past The Post voting to pick a single winner per district
Party list
Party-list proportional representation
Party-list proportional representation systems are a family of voting systems emphasizing proportional representation in elections in which multiple candidates are elected...
: One of many Party-list proportional representation
Party-list proportional representation
Party-list proportional representation systems are a family of voting systems emphasizing proportional representation in elections in which multiple candidates are elected...
systems. Where possible, this has been replaced by the allocation system used within the party-list (e.g. D'Hondt method
D'Hondt method
The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878...
)
Parallel voting
Parallel voting
Parallel voting describes a mixed voting system where voters in effect participate in two separate elections for a single chamber using different systems, and where the results in one election have little or no impact on the results of the other...
: This means that two simultaneous systems are used to elect representatives to the same body. If there is interchange between the two systems (e.g. the number elected in one system affects the number elected in the other) then this is called the additional member system
Additional Member System
The Additional Member System is the term used in the United Kingdom for the mixed member proportional representation voting system used in Scotland, Wales and the London Assembly....
.
External links
- ACE Electoral Knowledge Network Expert site providing encyclopedia on Electoral Systems and Management, country by country data, a library of electoral materials, latest election news, the opportunity to submit questions to a network of electoral experts, and a forum to discuss all of the above.
- A Handbook of Electoral System Design from International IDEA
- Electoral Design Reference Materials from the ACE Project
- PARLINE database from the Inter-Parliamentary Union
- Political Database of the Americas - Georgetown University
- Project for Global Democracy and Human Rights This page links to a table and a world map that is color coded by the primary electoral system used by each country.