List of monoclonal antibodies
Encyclopedia
This is a list of therapeutic, diagnostic and preventive monoclonal antibodies
Monoclonal antibodies
Monoclonal antibodies are monospecific antibodies that are the same because they are made by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell....

, antibodies which are clones of a single parent cell. When used as drugs, the International Nonproprietary Name
International Nonproprietary Name
An International Nonproprietary Name is the official nonproprietary or generic name given to a pharmaceutical substance, as designated by the World Health Organization...

s (INNs) end in -mab. The remaining syllables of the INNs, as well as the column Source, are explained in Nomenclature of monoclonal antibodies
Nomenclature of monoclonal antibodies
The nomenclature of monoclonal antibodies is a naming scheme for assigning generic, or nonproprietary, names to monoclonal antibodies. An antibody is a protein that is produced in B cells and used by the immune system of humans and other vertebrate animals to identify a specific foreign object like...

.
The abbreviations in the column Type are as follows:
  • mab: whole monoclonal antibody
  • Fab: fragment, antigen-binding (one arm)
    • F(ab')2: fragment, antigen-binding, including hinge region (both arms)
    • Fab': fragment, antigen-binding, including hinge region (one arm)
  • Variable fragments:
    • scFv: single-chain variable fragment
    • di-scFv: dimeric single-chain variable fragment
    • sdAb: single-domain antibody
  • Bispecific monoclonal antibodies:
    • 3funct: trifunctional antibody
      Trifunctional antibody
      A trifunctional antibody is a monoclonal antibody with binding sites for two different antigens, typically CD3 and a tumor antigen, making it a type of bispecific monoclonal antibody. In addition, its intact Fc-part can bind to an Fc receptor on accessory cells like conventional monospecific...

    • BiTE: bi-specific T-cell engager


This list includes approved
Approved drug
In the United States, the FDA approves drugs. Before a drug can be prescribed, it must undergo an extensive FDA approval process. This process involves first testing the drug on animals or in medical labs. If found to be safe by the FDA and approved for the next phase of study, the drug is then...

 and investigational drugs as well as drugs that have been withdrawn from market; consequently, the column Use does not necessarily indicate clinical usage.
! Name !! Trade name !! Type !! Source !! Target !! Use
|-
| 3F8
3F8
3F8 is a murine IgG3 monoclonal antibody which binds to GD2.It has been used in the detection and treatment of neuroblastoma. For imaging neuroblastoma, it is labelled with one of the radioisotopes iodine-124 and iodine-131....

 >
? mouse GD2
GD2
GD2 is a disialoganglioside expressed on tumors of neuroectodermal origin, including human neuroblastoma and melanoma, with highly restricted expression on normal tissues, principally to the cerebellum and peripheral nerves in humans....

 
neuroblastoma
Neuroblastoma
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid cancer in childhood and the most common cancer in infancy, with an annual incidence of about 650 cases per year in the US , and 100 cases per year in the UK . Close to 50 percent of neuroblastoma cases occur in children younger than two years old...


>-
| 8H9 
mab mouse IgG1  >-
| Abagovomab
Abagovomab
Abagovomab is a mouse anti-idiotype monoclonal antibody whose variable epitope mirrors a tumour antigen highly expressed in the epithelial ovarian cancer. Abagovomab does not bind directly to CA-125, but it works as a "surrogate" antigen, enabling the immune system to identify and attack tumour...

 
mab mouse CA-125
CA-125
CA-125 also known as mucin 16 or MUC16 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MUC16 gene. MUC16 is a member of the mucin family glycoproteins...

 (imitation)
ovarian cancer
Ovarian cancer
Ovarian cancer is a cancerous growth arising from the ovary. Symptoms are frequently very subtle early on and may include: bloating, pelvic pain, difficulty eating and frequent urination, and are easily confused with other illnesses....


>-
| Abciximab 
ReoPro Fab chimeric CD41 (integrin alpha-IIb) >-
| Adalimumab
Adalimumab
Adalimumab is the third TNF inhibitor, after infliximab and etanercept, to be approved in the United States. Like infliximab and etanercept, adalimumab binds to TNFα, preventing it from activating TNF receptors; adalimumab was constructed from a fully human monoclonal antibody, while infliximab...

 
Humira mab human TNF-α  Rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder that may affect many tissues and organs, but principally attacks synovial joints. The process produces an inflammatory response of the synovium secondary to hyperplasia of synovial cells, excess synovial fluid, and the development...

, Crohn's Disease
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease, also known as regional enteritis, is a type of inflammatory bowel disease that may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus, causing a wide variety of symptoms...

, Plaque Psoriasis
Psoriasis
Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease that appears on the skin. It occurs when the immune system mistakes the skin cells as a pathogen, and sends out faulty signals that speed up the growth cycle of skin cells. Psoriasis is not contagious. However, psoriasis has been linked to an increased risk of...

, Psoriatic Arthritis
Psoriatic arthritis
Psoriatic arthritis is a type of inflammatory arthritis that, according to the National Psoriasis Foundation, will develop in up to 30 percent of people who have the chronic skin condition psoriasis...

, Ankylosing Spondylitis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Ankylosing spondylitis , previously known as Bekhterev's disease, Bekhterev syndrome, and Marie-Strümpell disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of the axial skeleton with variable involvement of peripheral joints and nonarticular structures...

, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is the most common form of persistent arthritis in children. JIA is a subset of arthritis seen in childhood, which may be transient and...


>-
| Adecatumumab
Adecatumumab
Adecatumumab is a recombinant human monoclonal antibody which is used to target tumor cells. It binds to the epithelial cell adhesion molecule .Adecatumumab has been used in clinical studies of treatment in prostate and breast cancers....

 
mab human EpCAM  prostate
Prostate cancer
Prostate cancer is a form of cancer that develops in the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system. Most prostate cancers are slow growing; however, there are cases of aggressive prostate cancers. The cancer cells may metastasize from the prostate to other parts of the body, particularly...

 and breast cancer
Breast cancer
Breast cancer is cancer originating from breast tissue, most commonly from the inner lining of milk ducts or the lobules that supply the ducts with milk. Cancers originating from ducts are known as ductal carcinomas; those originating from lobules are known as lobular carcinomas...


>-
| Afelimomab
Afelimomab
Afelimomab is an anti-TNFα monoclonal antibody. Administration of afelimomab reduces the concentration of interleukin-6 in patients with sepsis, but reduces mortality only marginally....

 
F(ab')2 mouse TNF-α  sepsis
Sepsis
Sepsis is a potentially deadly medical condition that is characterized by a whole-body inflammatory state and the presence of a known or suspected infection. The body may develop this inflammatory response by the immune system to microbes in the blood, urine, lungs, skin, or other tissues...


>-
| Afutuzumab
Afutuzumab
Afutuzumab is a monoclonal antibody being developed by Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. for the treatment of lymphoma. It acts as an immunomodulator. It was renamed to Obinutuzumab in 2009....

 
mab humanized CD20
CD20
B-lymphocyte antigen CD20 or CD20 is an activated-glycosylated phosphoprotein expressed on the surface of all B-cells beginning at the pro-B phase and progressively increasing in concentration until maturity....

 
lymphoma
Lymphoma
Lymphoma is a cancer in the lymphatic cells of the immune system. Typically, lymphomas present as a solid tumor of lymphoid cells. Treatment might involve chemotherapy and in some cases radiotherapy and/or bone marrow transplantation, and can be curable depending on the histology, type, and stage...


>-
| Alacizumab pegol
Alacizumab pegol
Alacizumab pegol is an antineoplastic agent. Chemically, it is a pegylated F2 fragment of a monoclonal antibody.- References :...

 
F(ab')2 humanized VEGFR2  cancer
Cancer
Cancer , known medically as a malignant neoplasm, is a large group of different diseases, all involving unregulated cell growth. In cancer, cells divide and grow uncontrollably, forming malignant tumors, and invade nearby parts of the body. The cancer may also spread to more distant parts of the...


>-
| ALD518
ALD518
BMS-945429 is an aglycosylated, humanized monoclonal antibody against interleukin-6. It is an investigational drug for cancer and rheumatoid arthritis due to its anti-inflammatory properties....

 
? humanized IL-6
Interleukin 6
Interleukin-6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL6 gene.IL-6 is an interleukin that acts as both a pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine. It is secreted by T cells and macrophages to stimulate immune response, e.g. during infection and after trauma, especially burns or other...

 
>-
| Alemtuzumab
Alemtuzumab
Alemtuzumab is a monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia , cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and T-cell lymphoma...

 
Campath, MabCampath mab humanized CD52
CD52
CD52 is a protein present on the surface of mature lymphocytes, but not on the stem cells from which these lymphocytes were derived.It also is found in monocytes and dendritic cells....

 
CLL
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia , also known as chronic lymphoid leukemia , is the most common type of leukemia. Leukemias are cancers of the white blood cells . CLL affects B cell lymphocytes. B cells originate in the bone marrow, develop in the lymph nodes, and normally fight infection by...

, CTCL
Cutaneous T Cell lymphoma
Cutaneous T cell lymphoma is a class of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, which is a type of cancer of the immune system. Unlike most non-Hodgkin's lymphomas , CTCL is caused by a mutation of T cells. The malignant T cells in the body initially migrate to the skin, causing various lesions to appear...


>-
| Altumomab pentetate 
Hybri-ceaker mab mouse CEA
Carcinoembryonic antigen
Carcinoembryonic antigen is a glycoprotein involved in cell adhesion. It is normally produced during fetal development, but the production of CEA stops before birth. Therefore, it is not usually present in the blood of healthy adults, although levels are raised in heavy smokers...

 
>-
| Amatuximab
Amatuximab
Amatuximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of cancer.Amatuximab was developed by Morphotek, Inc....

 
mab chimeric MORAb-009  >-
| Anatumomab mafenatox
Anatumomab mafenatox
Anatumomab mafenatox is a mouse monoclonal antibody for the treatment non-small cell lung cancer.It is a fusion protein of a Fab fragment with an enterotoxin of Staphylococcus aureus....

 
Fab mouse TAG-72
Tumor-associated glycoprotein 72
Tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 is a glycoprotein found on the surface of many cancer cells, including ovary, breast, colon, and pancreatic cells...

 
>-
| Anrukinzumab
Anrukinzumab
Anrukinzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of asthma.Anrukinzumab was developed by Wyeth....

 (= IMA-638)
mab humanized IL-13
Interleukin 13
Interleukin 13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL13 gene. IL-13 is cytokine secreted by many cell types, but especially T helper type 2 cells, that is a mediator of allergic inflammation and disease.-Functions:...

 
>-
| Apolizumab
Apolizumab
Apolizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that is being studied as a treatment for hematologic cancers....

 
mab humanized HLA-DR ? >-
| Arcitumomab
Arcitumomab
Technetium arcitumomab is a drug used for the diagnostic imaging of colorectal cancers, marketed by Immunomedics. It consists of the Fab' fragment of a monoclonal antibody and a radionuclide, technetium-99m....

 
CEA-Scan Fab' mouse CEA
Carcinoembryonic antigen
Carcinoembryonic antigen is a glycoprotein involved in cell adhesion. It is normally produced during fetal development, but the production of CEA stops before birth. Therefore, it is not usually present in the blood of healthy adults, although levels are raised in heavy smokers...

 
>-
| Aselizumab
Aselizumab
Aselizumab is an immunosuppressive drug which has been investigated for the use in severely injured patients. It binds to CD62L....

 
mab humanized L-selectin
L-selectin
L-selectin, also known as CD62L, is a cell adhesion molecule found on leukocytes. It belongs to the selectin family of proteins, which recognize sialylated carbohydrate groups...

 (CD62L)
>-
| Atinumab
Atinumab
Atinumab is an immunomodulator. It binds to reticulon 4.- References :...

 
mab human RTN4  >-
| Atlizumab (= tocilizumab)
Actemra, RoActemra mab humanized IL-6 receptor  >-
| Atorolimumab
Atorolimumab
Atorolimumab is an immunosuppressive drug directed against the Rhesus factor....

 
mab human Rhesus factor  hemolytic disease of the newborn
Hemolytic disease of the newborn
Hemolytic disease of the newborn, also known as hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn, HDN, HDFN, or erythroblastosis fetalis, is an alloimmune condition that develops in a fetus, when the IgG molecules produced by the mother pass through the placenta...


>-
| Bapineuzumab
Bapineuzumab
Bapineuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that acts on the nervous system and has potential therapeutic value for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and possibly glaucoma....

 
mab humanized beta amyloid  Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease also known in medical literature as Alzheimer disease is the most common form of dementia. There is no cure for the disease, which worsens as it progresses, and eventually leads to death...


>-
| Basiliximab
Basiliximab
Basiliximab is a chimeric mouse-human monoclonal antibody to the α chain of the IL-2 receptor of T cells. It is used to prevent rejection in organ transplantation, especially in kidney transplants...

 
Simulect mab chimeric CD25
CD25
CD25 is the alpha chain of the IL-2 receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein present on activated T cells, activated B cells, some thymocytes, myeloid precursors, and oligodendrocytes that associates with CD122 to form a heterodimer that can act as a high-affinity receptor for IL-2.CD25 is...

 (α chain of IL-2
Interleukin 2
Interleukin-2 is an interleukin, a type of cytokine immune system signaling molecule, which is a leukocytotrophic hormone that is instrumental in the body's natural response to microbial infection and in discriminating between foreign and self...

 receptor)
transplant rejection
Transplant rejection
Transplant rejection occurs when transplanted tissue is rejected by the recipient's immune system, which destroys the transplanted tissue. Transplant rejection can be lessened by determining the molecular similitude between donor and recipient and by use of immunosuppressant drugs after...

s
>-
| Bavituximab
Bavituximab
Bavituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of cancers and viral infections.-Mechanism of action:Bavituximab binds to phosphatidylserine which is exposed on the surface of certain atypical animal cells, including tumour cells and cells infected with any of six different...

 
mab chimeric phosphatidylserine
Phosphatidylserine
Phosphatidylserine is a phospholipid component, usually kept on the inner-leaflet of cell membranes by an enzyme called flippase...

 
>-
| Bectumomab
Bectumomab
Bectumomab is a mouse monoclonal antibody labelled with the radioactive isotope technetium-99m. It is used to detect non-Hodgkin's lymphoma....

 
LymphoScan Fab' mouse CD22
CD22
CD22 or cluster of differentiation-22, is a molecule belonging to the SIGLEC family of lectins. It is found on the surface of mature B cells and to a lesser extent on some immature B cells...

 
>-
| Belimumab
Belimumab
Belimumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that inhibits B-lymphocyte stimulator , also known as B cell activation factor of the TNF family...

 
Benlysta, LymphoStat-B mab human BAFF
B-cell activating factor
B-cell activating factor also known as tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFLSF13B gene...

 
>-
| Benralizumab
Benralizumab
Benralizumab is a monoclonal antibody which is being developed by MedImmune for the treatment of asthma. It is directed against the alpha-chain of the interleukin-5 receptor ....

 
mab humanized CD125  >-
| Bertilimumab
Bertilimumab
Bertilimumab is a human monoclonal antibody that binds to eotaxin-1.It was discovered by Cambridge Antibody Technology using their phage display technology. Named CAT-213 during early discovery and development by CAT, it was to be used to treat severe allergic disorders.In January 2007, CAT...

 
mab human CCL11
CCL11
Chemokine ligand 11 is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family that is also known as eotaxin-1. CCL11 selectively recruits eosinophils by inducing their chemotaxis, and therefore, is implicated in allergic responses. The effects of CCL11 are mediated by its binding to a...

 (eotaxin-1)
>-
| Besilesomab
Besilesomab
Besilesomab is a mouse monoclonal antibody labelled with the radioactive isotope technetium-99m. It is used to detect inflammatory lesions and metastases. It binds to a immunoglobulin, IgG1 isotype...

 
Scintimun mab mouse CEA
Carcinoembryonic antigen
Carcinoembryonic antigen is a glycoprotein involved in cell adhesion. It is normally produced during fetal development, but the production of CEA stops before birth. Therefore, it is not usually present in the blood of healthy adults, although levels are raised in heavy smokers...

-related antigen
>-
| Bevacizumab
Bevacizumab
Bevacizumab is a drug that blocks angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels. It is commonly used to treat various cancers, including colorectal, lung, breast, kidney, and glioblastomas....

 
Avastin mab humanized VEGF-A
Vascular endothelial growth factor A
Vascular endothelial growth factor A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VEGFA gene.- Function :This gene is a member of the platelet-derived growth factor /vascular endothelial growth factor family and encodes a protein that is often found as a disulfide linked homodimer...

 
>-
| Biciromab
Biciromab
Indium biciromab was a drug targeting fibrin, a protein involved in the clotting of blood. It was the Fab' fragment of a mouse monoclonal antibody labelled with the radioisotope indium-111 for the diagnosis of thromboembolism, but was withdrawn during clinical trials.-References:...

 
FibriScint Fab' mouse fibrin
Fibrin
Fibrin is a fibrous, non-globular protein involved in the clotting of blood. It is a fibrillar protein that is polymerised to form a "mesh" that forms a hemostatic plug or clot over a wound site....

 II, beta chain
>-
| Bivatuzumab mertansine
Bivatuzumab mertansine
Bivatuzumab mertansine is a combination of bivatuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, and mertansine, a cytotoxic agent. It is designed for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma....

 
mab humanized CD44
CD44
The CD44 antigen is a cell-surface glycoprotein involved in cell–cell interactions, cell adhesion and migration. In humans, the CD44 antigen is encoded by the CD44 gene.- Tissue distribution and isoforms :...

 v6
squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma , occasionally rendered as "squamous-cell carcinoma", is a histologically distinct form of cancer. It arises from the uncontrolled multiplication of malignant cells deriving from epithelium, or showing particular cytological or tissue architectural characteristics of...


>-
| Blinatumomab
Blinatumomab
Blinatumomab is a drug that has anti-cancer properties. It belongs to a new class of constructed monoclonal antibodies, bi-specific T-cell engagers , that exert action selectively and direct the human immune system to act against tumor cells...

 
BiTE mouse CD19
CD19
B-lymphocyte antigen CD19 also known as CD19 , is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD19 gene.- Function :...

 
>-
| Blosozumab
Blosozumab
Blosozumab binds SOST, a negative regulator of osteoblast activity. Blocking SOST activity can lead to increased bone density.Blosozumab was developed by Eli Lilly and Company.- References :...

 
mab humanized SOST
SOST
Sclerostin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SOST gene.-External links:*-Further reading:...

 
>-
| Brentuximab vedotin
Brentuximab vedotin
Brentuximab vedotin is an antibody-drug conjugate approved to treat anaplastic large cell lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma. The U.S...

 
mab chimeric CD30
CD30
CD30, also known as TNFRSF8, is a cell membrane protein of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family and tumor marker.This receptor is expressed by activated, but not by resting, T and B cells. TRAF2 and TRAF5 can interact with this receptor, and mediate the signal transduction that leads to the...

 (TNFRSF8)
>-
| Briakinumab
Briakinumab
Briakinumab is a human monoclonal antibody being developed by Abbott Laboratories for the treatment of psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and multiple sclerosis....

 
mab human IL-12, IL-23  psoriasis
Psoriasis
Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease that appears on the skin. It occurs when the immune system mistakes the skin cells as a pathogen, and sends out faulty signals that speed up the growth cycle of skin cells. Psoriasis is not contagious. However, psoriasis has been linked to an increased risk of...

, rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder that may affect many tissues and organs, but principally attacks synovial joints. The process produces an inflammatory response of the synovium secondary to hyperplasia of synovial cells, excess synovial fluid, and the development...

, inflammatory bowel disease
Inflammatory bowel disease
In medicine, inflammatory bowel disease is a group of inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine. The major types of IBD are Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.-Classification:...

s, multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease in which the fatty myelin sheaths around the axons of the brain and spinal cord are damaged, leading to demyelination and scarring as well as a broad spectrum of signs and symptoms...


>-
| Brodalumab
Brodalumab
Brodalumab is a human monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.Brodalumab was developed by Amgen, Inc....

 
mab human IL-17  >-
| Canakinumab
Canakinumab
Canakinumab is a human monoclonal antibody targeted at interleukin-1 beta. It has no cross-reactivity with other members of the interleukin-1 family, including interleukin-1 alpha....

 
Ilaris mab human IL-1? >-
| Cantuzumab mertansine
Cantuzumab mertansine
Cantuzumab mertansine is a humanized monoclonal antibody used to treat colorectal cancer and other types of cancer. It is linked to a cytotoxic agent, mertansine.Three phase I clinical studies had reported results by 2003....

 
mab humanized mucin
Mucin
Mucins are a family of high molecular weight, heavily glycosylated proteins produced by epithelial tissues in most metazoans. Mucins' key characteristic is their ability to form gels; therefore they are a key component in most gel-like secretions, serving functions from lubrication to cell...

 CanAg
>-
| Cantuzumab ravtansine
Cantuzumab ravtansine
Cantuzumab ravtansine is a humanized monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of cancers. The antibody cantuzumab is linked to a cytotoxic agent, ravtansine....

 
mab humanized MUC1 >-
| Capromab pendetide
Capromab pendetide
Indium capromab pendetide is used to image the extent of prostate cancer. Capromab is a mouse monoclonal antibody which recognizes prostate specific membrane antigen from prostate cancer cells and normal prostate tissue. It is linked to pendetide, a derivative of DTPA. Pendetide acts as a...

 
Prostascint mab mouse prostatic carcinoma cells >-
| Carlumab
Carlumab
Carlumab is a human monoclonal antibody designed for oncology and immune indications.Carlumab was developed by Johnson & Johnson....

 
mab human CNTO888  >-
| Catumaxomab
Catumaxomab
Catumaxomab is a rat-mouse hybrid monoclonal antibody which is used to treat malignant ascites, a condition occurring in patients with metastasizing cancer. It binds to antigens CD3 and EpCAM. It is in clinical trials in the United States currently and is used in Europe...

 
Removab 3funct rat/mouse hybrid EpCAM, CD3  ascites
Ascites
Ascites is a gastroenterological term for an accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.The medical condition is also known as peritoneal cavity fluid, peritoneal fluid excess, hydroperitoneum or more archaically as abdominal dropsy. Although most commonly due to cirrhosis and severe liver...

, gastric cancer
>-
| CC49 
mab mouse TAG-72
Tumor-associated glycoprotein 72
Tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 is a glycoprotein found on the surface of many cancer cells, including ovary, breast, colon, and pancreatic cells...

 
>-
| Cedelizumab
Cedelizumab
Cedelizumab is a monoclonal antibody acting on the immune system. Possible indications include the prevention of organ transplant rejections and the treatment of autoimmune diseases....

 
mab humanized CD4
CD4
CD4 is a glycoprotein expressed on the surface of T helper cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It was discovered in the late 1970s and was originally known as leu-3 and T4 before being named CD4 in 1984...

 
>-
| Certolizumab pegol
Certolizumab pegol
Certolizumab pegol is a therapeutic monoclonal antibody produced by UCB for the treatment of Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis.-Method of action:...

 
Cimzia Fab' humanized TNF-α  Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease, also known as regional enteritis, is a type of inflammatory bowel disease that may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus, causing a wide variety of symptoms...


>-
| Cetuximab
Cetuximab
Cetuximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody, an epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor, given by intravenous infusion for treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer and head and neck cancer.- Distribution :Cetuximab is manufactured and distributed in North America by ImClone and Bristol-Myers...

 
Erbitux mab chimeric EGFR
Epidermal growth factor receptor
The epidermal growth factor receptor is the cell-surface receptor for members of the epidermal growth factor family of extracellular protein ligands...

 
colorectal cancer
Colorectal cancer
Colorectal cancer, commonly known as bowel cancer, is a cancer caused by uncontrolled cell growth , in the colon, rectum, or vermiform appendix. Colorectal cancer is clinically distinct from anal cancer, which affects the anus....

 and head and neck cancer
Head and neck cancer
Head and neck cancer refers to a group of biologically similar cancers that start in the upper aerodigestive tract, including the lip, oral cavity , nasal cavity , paranasal sinuses, pharynx, and larynx. 90% of head and neck cancers are squamous cell carcinomas , originating from the mucosal lining...


>-
| Ch.14.18 
mab chimeric ??? neuroblastoma
Neuroblastoma
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid cancer in childhood and the most common cancer in infancy, with an annual incidence of about 650 cases per year in the US , and 100 cases per year in the UK . Close to 50 percent of neuroblastoma cases occur in children younger than two years old...


>-
| Citatuzumab bogatox
Citatuzumab bogatox
Citatuzumab bogatox is a monoclonal antibody Fab fragment fused with bouganin, an ribosome inactivating protein from the plant Bougainvillea spectabilis. It has undergone pre-clinical trials for the treatment of ovarian cancer and other solid tumors....

 
Fab humanized EpCAM  >-
| Cixutumumab
Cixutumumab
Cixutumumab is a monoclonal antibody for the treatment of solid tumors.This drug was developed by ImClone Systems Inc. under the name IMC-A12....

 
mab human IGF-1 receptor
IGF-1 Receptor
The Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor is a transmembrane receptor that is activated by IGF-1 and by the related growth factor IGF-2. It belongs to the large class of tyrosine kinase receptors. This receptor mediates the effects of IGF-1, which is a polypeptide protein hormone similar in...

 
>-
| Clenoliximab
Clenoliximab
Clenoliximab is a monoclonal antibody against CD4. It acts as an immunomodulator and has been investigated for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.The drug is a chimeric antibody from Macaca irus and Homo sapiens....

 
mab chimeric CD4
CD4
CD4 is a glycoprotein expressed on the surface of T helper cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It was discovered in the late 1970s and was originally known as leu-3 and T4 before being named CD4 in 1984...

 
>-
| Clivatuzumab tetraxetan 
hPAM4-Cide mab humanized MUC1
MUC1
Mucin 1, cell surface associated or polymorphic epithelial mucin is a mucin encoded by the MUC1 gene in humans. MUC1 is a proteoglycan with extensive O-linked glycosylation of its extracellular domain. Mucins line the apical surface of epithelial cells in the lungs, stomach, intestines, eyes and...

 
pancreatic cancer
Pancreatic cancer
Pancreatic cancer refers to a malignant neoplasm of the pancreas. The most common type of pancreatic cancer, accounting for 95% of these tumors is adenocarcinoma, which arises within the exocrine component of the pancreas. A minority arises from the islet cells and is classified as a...


>-
| Conatumumab
Conatumumab
Conatumumab is a monoclonal antibody developed for the treatment of cancer. it is a fully human monoclonal agonist antibody directed against the extracellular domain of human TRAIL receptor 2 with potential antineoplastic activity...

 
mab human TRAIL-R2  >-
| Crenezumab
Crenezumab
Crenezumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.Crenezumab was developed by Genentech, Inc.- References :...

 
mab humanized MABT5102A  Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease also known in medical literature as Alzheimer disease is the most common form of dementia. There is no cure for the disease, which worsens as it progresses, and eventually leads to death...


>-
| CR6261
CR6261
CR6261 is a monoclonal antibody that binds to a broad range of the influenza virus including the 1918 "Spanish flu" and to a virus of the H5N1 class of avian influenza that jumped from chickens to a human in Vietnam in 2004...

 
mab human Influenza A hemagglutinin  >-
| Dacetuzumab
Dacetuzumab
Dacetuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody being developed for the treatment of CD40-positive cancers like non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and hematological malignancies....

 
mab humanized CD40  >-
| Daclizumab
Daclizumab
Daclizumab is a therapeutic humanized monoclonal antibody to the alpha subunit of the IL-2 receptor of T cells. It is used to prevent rejection in organ transplantation, especially in kidney transplants....

 
Zenapax mab humanized CD25
CD25
CD25 is the alpha chain of the IL-2 receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein present on activated T cells, activated B cells, some thymocytes, myeloid precursors, and oligodendrocytes that associates with CD122 to form a heterodimer that can act as a high-affinity receptor for IL-2.CD25 is...

 (α chain of IL-2
Interleukin 2
Interleukin-2 is an interleukin, a type of cytokine immune system signaling molecule, which is a leukocytotrophic hormone that is instrumental in the body's natural response to microbial infection and in discriminating between foreign and self...

 receptor)
>-
| Dalotuzumab
Dalotuzumab
Dalotuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of cancers.Dalotuzumab was developed by Merck & Co., Inc....

 
mab humanized insulin-like growth factor I receptor >-
| Daratumumab
Daratumumab
Daratumumab is an antineoplastic. It binds to CD38....

 
mab human CD38
CD38
CD38 , also known as cyclic ADP ribose hydrolase is a glycoprotein found on the surface of many immune cells , including CD4+, CD8+, B and natural killer cells...

 (cyclic ADP ribose hydrolase)
>-
| Denosumab
Denosumab
Denosumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody for the treatment of osteoporosis, treatment induced bone loss, bone metastases, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple myeloma and giant cell tumor of bone. It was developed by the company Amgen....

 
Prolia mab human RANKL
RANKL
Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand , also known as tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 , TNF-related activation-induced cytokine , osteoprotegerin ligand , and osteoclast differentiation factor , is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFSF11 gene.RANKL is...

 
osteoporosis
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a disease of bones that leads to an increased risk of fracture. In osteoporosis the bone mineral density is reduced, bone microarchitecture is deteriorating, and the amount and variety of proteins in bone is altered...

, bone metastases etc.
>-
| Detumomab
Detumomab
Detumomab is a mouse monoclonal antibody developed for the treatment of cancer....

 
mab mouse B-lymphoma cell >-
| Dorlimomab aritox 
F(ab')2 mouse ? >-
| Drozitumab
Drozitumab
Drozitumab is a human monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of cancers.Drozitumab was developed by Genentech....

 
mab human DR5
DR5
The DR5 is a mini sport utility vehicle produced by the Italian automaker DR Motor Company and based on the Chinese SUV Chery Tiggo. It was introduced at the 2006 Bologna Motor Show and started the production in 2007.-Engines:...

 
>-
| Ecromeximab
Ecromeximab
Ecromeximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody being developed for the treatment of malignant melanoma.This drug was developed by Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd....

 
mab chimeric GD3 ganglioside
Ganglioside
Ganglioside is a molecule composed of a glycosphingolipid with one or more sialic acids linked on the sugar chain. The 60+ known gangliosides differ mainly in the position and number of NANA residues.It is a component of the cell plasma membrane that modulates cell signal transduction events...

 
>-
| Eculizumab
Eculizumab
Eculizumab is a monoclonal antibody directed against the complement protein C5. Eculizumab has been shown to be effective in treating paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria , a rare and sometimes life threatening disease of the blood, and is approved for this indication.Eculizumab is a recombinant...

 
Soliris mab humanized C5
Complement component 5
Complement component 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C5 gene.Complement component 5 is involved in the complement system. It is cleaved into C5a and C5b:* C5a plays an important role in chemotaxis....

 
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria , sometimes referred to as Marchiafava-Micheli syndrome, is a rare, acquired, potentially life-threatening disease of the blood characterised by complement-induced intravascular hemolytic anemia , red urine and thrombosis...


>-
| Edobacomab
Edobacomab
Edobacomab, codenamed E5, is a mouse monoclonal antibody that was investigated as a possible treatment for sepsis caused by Gram-negative bacterial infections....

 
mab mouse endotoxin
Endotoxin
Endotoxins are toxins associated with some Gram-negative bacteria. An "endotoxin" is a toxin that is a structural molecule of the bacteria that is recognized by the immune system.-Gram negative:...

 
Gram-negative
Gram-negative
Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain crystal violet dye in the Gram staining protocol. In a Gram stain test, a counterstain is added after the crystal violet, coloring all Gram-negative bacteria with a red or pink color...

 bacteria
>-
| Edrecolomab
Edrecolomab
Edrecolomab is a mouse-derived monoclonal antibody targeting the cell-surface glycoprotein EpCAM , which is expressed on epithelial tissues and on various carcinomas....

 
Panorex mab mouse EpCAM  >-
| Efalizumab
Efalizumab
Efalizumab is a formerly available medication designed to treat autoimmune diseases, origianally marketed to treat psoriasis. As implied by the suffix -zumab, it is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody administered once weekly by subcutaneous injection...

 
Raptiva mab humanized LFA-1
LFA-1
Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1, also known as LFA-1 is found on all T-cells and also on B-cells, macrophages and neutrophils and is involved in recruitment to the site of infection. It binds to ICAM-1 on antigen-presenting cells and functions as an adhesion molecule. LFA-1 is the first...

 (CD11a
CD11a
Integrin, alpha L , also known as ITGAL, is a human gene which functions in the immune system. It is involved in cellular adhesion and costimulatory signaling...

)
psoriasis
Psoriasis
Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease that appears on the skin. It occurs when the immune system mistakes the skin cells as a pathogen, and sends out faulty signals that speed up the growth cycle of skin cells. Psoriasis is not contagious. However, psoriasis has been linked to an increased risk of...

 (blocks T-cell migration)
>-
| Efungumab
Efungumab
Efungumab is a drug developed by NeuTec Pharma , intended to treat invasive Candida infection in combination with amphotericin B...

 
Mycograb scFv human Hsp90
Hsp90
Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone and is one of the most abundant proteins expressed in cells. It is a member of the heat shock protein family, which is upregulated in response to stress...

 
Candida infection
Candidiasis
Thrush redirects here. For the hoof infection see Thrush .Candidiasis or thrush is a fungal infection of any of the Candida species , of which Candida albicans is the most common...


>-
| Elotuzumab
Elotuzumab
Elotuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody which is presently under phase I clinical investigation in relapsed multiple myeloma....

 
mab humanized SLAMF7
SLAMF7
SLAM family member 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLAMF7 gene.-Further reading:...

 
multiple myeloma
Multiple myeloma
Multiple myeloma , also known as plasma cell myeloma or Kahler's disease , is a cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell normally responsible for the production of antibodies...


>-
| Elsilimomab
Elsilimomab
Elsilimomab is a mouse monoclonal antibody and an immunosuppressive drug.It targets Interleukin-6.It has undergone a number of early stage clinical trails, eg. for lymphoma and myeloma....

 
mab mouse IL-6
Interleukin 6
Interleukin-6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL6 gene.IL-6 is an interleukin that acts as both a pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine. It is secreted by T cells and macrophages to stimulate immune response, e.g. during infection and after trauma, especially burns or other...

 
>-
| Enavatuzumab
Enavatuzumab
Enavatuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of solid tumors.Enavatuzumab was developed by Facet Biotech Corp....

 
mab humanized PDL192  >-
| Enlimomab pegol 
mab mouse ICAM-1
ICAM-1
ICAM-1 also known as CD54 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ICAM1 gene. This gene encodes a cell surface glycoprotein which is typically expressed on endothelial cells and cells of the immune system...

 (CD54)
>-
| Enokizumab
Enokizumab
Enokizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of asthma.Enokizumab was developed by MedImmune....

 
mab humanized MEDI-528  asthma
Asthma
Asthma is the common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and bronchospasm. Symptoms include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath...


>-
| Ensituximab
Ensituximab
Ensituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of cancers.Ensituximab was developed by Neogenix Oncology, Inc....

 
mab chimeric NPC-1C  >-
| Epitumomab cituxetan 
mab mouse episialin >-
| Epratuzumab
Epratuzumab
Epratuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody. Potential uses may be found in oncology and in treatment of inflammatory autoimmune disorders, such as lupus...

 
mab humanized CD22
CD22
CD22 or cluster of differentiation-22, is a molecule belonging to the SIGLEC family of lectins. It is found on the surface of mature B cells and to a lesser extent on some immature B cells...

 
SLE
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Systemic lupus erythematosus , often abbreviated to SLE or lupus, is a systemic autoimmune disease that can affect any part of the body. As occurs in other autoimmune diseases, the immune system attacks the body's cells and tissue, resulting in inflammation and tissue damage...


>-
| Erlizumab
Erlizumab
Erlizumab, also known as rhuMAb, is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody that was an experimental immunosuppressive drug. Erlizumab was developed by Genentech under a partnership with Roche to treat heart attack, stroke, and traumatic shock....

 
F(ab')2 humanized ITGB2 (CD18) stroke
Stroke
A stroke, previously known medically as a cerebrovascular accident , is the rapidly developing loss of brain function due to disturbance in the blood supply to the brain. This can be due to ischemia caused by blockage , or a hemorrhage...

, traumatic shock
>-
| Ertumaxomab
Ertumaxomab
Ertumaxomab is a rat-murine hybrid monoclonal antibody designed to treat some types of cancer. Phase II clinical trial evaluating the treatment of breast cancer was terminated due to change in Fresenius' development plans....

 
Rexomun 3funct rat/mouse hybrid HER2/neu
HER2/neu
HER-2 also known as proto-oncogene Neu, receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2, CD340 or p185 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ERBB2 gene. Over expression of this gene is correlated with higher aggressiveness in breast cancers...

, CD3 
>-
| Etaracizumab
Etaracizumab
Etaracizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody which is being investigated for the treatment of metastatic melanoma, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer and various other types of cancer. It is manufactured by MedImmune.-References:...

 
Abegrin mab humanized integrin
Integrin
Integrins are receptors that mediate attachment between a cell and the tissues surrounding it, which may be other cells or the ECM. They also play a role in cell signaling and thereby regulate cellular shape, motility, and the cell cycle....

 αvβ3
Alpha-v beta-3
αVβ3 is a type of integrin that is a receptor for vitronectin. It consists of two components, integrin alpha V and integrin beta 3 , and is expressed by platelets. Furthermore it is a receptor for phagocytosis on macrophages or dendritic cells....

 
prostate cancer
Prostate cancer
Prostate cancer is a form of cancer that develops in the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system. Most prostate cancers are slow growing; however, there are cases of aggressive prostate cancers. The cancer cells may metastasize from the prostate to other parts of the body, particularly...

, ovarian cancer
Ovarian cancer
Ovarian cancer is a cancerous growth arising from the ovary. Symptoms are frequently very subtle early on and may include: bloating, pelvic pain, difficulty eating and frequent urination, and are easily confused with other illnesses....

 etc.
>-
| Etrolizumab
Etrolizumab
Etrolizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.Etrolizumab was developed by Genentech....

 
mab humanized rhuMAb β7  inflammatory bowel disease
Inflammatory bowel disease
In medicine, inflammatory bowel disease is a group of inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine. The major types of IBD are Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.-Classification:...


>-
| Exbivirumab
Exbivirumab
Exbivirumab is a human monoclonal antibody developed for the treatment of hepatitis B infections....

 
mab human hepatitis B surface antigen >-
| Fanolesomab 
NeutroSpec mab mouse CD15
CD15
CD15 is a cluster of differentiation antigen - an immunologically significant molecule. CD15 is a carbohydrate adhesion molecule that can be expressed on glycoproteins, glycolipids and proteoglycans.- Function :...

 
appendicitis
Appendicitis
Appendicitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the appendix. It is classified as a medical emergency and many cases require removal of the inflamed appendix, either by laparotomy or laparoscopy. Untreated, mortality is high, mainly because of the risk of rupture leading to...

 (diagnosis)
>-
| Faralimomab
Faralimomab
Faralimomab is a mouse monoclonal antibody and an immunomodulator....

 
mab mouse interferon receptor  >-
| Farletuzumab
Farletuzumab
Farletuzumab is a monoclonal antibody which is being investigated for the treatment of ovarian cancer.This drug was developed by Morphotek, Inc.It is targeted at FR-alpha which is overexpressed in some cancers such as ovarian cancer....

 
mab humanized folate receptor 1
Folate receptor 1
Folate receptor alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FOLR1 gene.-Clinical significance:FRA can be overexpressed by a number of epithelial-derived tumors including ovarian, breast, renal, lung, colorectal, and brain. Hence antibodies to it are used targeted therapies and diagnostic...

 
>-
| FBTA05 
Lymphomun 3funct rat/mouse hybrid CD20
CD20
B-lymphocyte antigen CD20 or CD20 is an activated-glycosylated phosphoprotein expressed on the surface of all B-cells beginning at the pro-B phase and progressively increasing in concentration until maturity....

 
>-
| Felvizumab
Felvizumab
Felvizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against respiratory syncytial virus....

 
mab humanized respiratory syncytial virus  >-
| Fezakinumab
Fezakinumab
Fezakinumab is a human monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.Fezakinumab was developed by Wyeth....

 
mab human IL-22
Interleukin 22
Interleukin-22 is protein that in humans is encoded by the IL22 gene.IL-22 a member of a group of cytokines called the IL-10 family or IL-10 superfamily , a class of potent mediators of cellular inflammatory responses. It shares use of IL-10R2 in cell signaling with other members of this family,...

 
psoriasis
Psoriasis
Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease that appears on the skin. It occurs when the immune system mistakes the skin cells as a pathogen, and sends out faulty signals that speed up the growth cycle of skin cells. Psoriasis is not contagious. However, psoriasis has been linked to an increased risk of...


>-
| Ficlatuzumab
Ficlatuzumab
Ficlatuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of cancers.Ficlatuzumab was developed by AVEO Pharmaceuticals....

 
mab humanized SCH 900105  >-
| Figitumumab
Figitumumab
Figitumumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor being investigated for the treatment of various types of cancer, for example adrenocortical carcinoma and non-small cell lung cancer ....

 
mab human IGF-1 receptor
IGF-1 Receptor
The Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor is a transmembrane receptor that is activated by IGF-1 and by the related growth factor IGF-2. It belongs to the large class of tyrosine kinase receptors. This receptor mediates the effects of IGF-1, which is a polypeptide protein hormone similar in...

 
adrenocortical carcinoma
Adrenocortical carcinoma
Adrenocortical carcinoma, also adrenal cortical carcinoma and adrenal cortex cancer, is an aggressive cancer originating in the cortex of the adrenal gland. Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare tumor, with incidence of 1-2 per million population annually...

, non-small cell lung carcinoma etc.
>-
| Flanvotumab
Flanvotumab
Flanvotumab is a human monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of melanoma.Flanvotumab was developed by ImClone Systems....

 
mab human glycoprotein 75  >-
| Fontolizumab
Fontolizumab
Fontolizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody and an immunosuppressive drug for the treatment of auto-immune diseases like Crohn's disease. A phase II clinical trial investigating the use for rheumatoid arthritis was terminated because the first phase did not meet the endpoint....

 
HuZAF mab humanized IFN-γ  >-
| Foralumab
Foralumab
Foralumab is an immunomodulator. It binds to CD3 epsilon....

 
mab human CD3 epsilon  >-
| Foravirumab
Foravirumab
Foravirumab is a monoclonal antibody for the prophylaxis of rabies....

 
mab human rabies
Rabies
Rabies is a viral disease that causes acute encephalitis in warm-blooded animals. It is zoonotic , most commonly by a bite from an infected animal. For a human, rabies is almost invariably fatal if post-exposure prophylaxis is not administered prior to the onset of severe symptoms...

 virus glycoprotein
>-
| Fresolimumab
Fresolimumab
Fresolimumab is a human monoclonal antibody and an immunomodulator, developed by Genzyme. It is intended for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis , focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and cancer....

 
mab human TGF-β  idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, progressive form of lung disease characterized by fibrosis of the supporting framework of the lungs...

, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is a cause of nephrotic syndrome in children and adolescents, as well as an important cause of kidney failure in adults.It is also known as "focal glomerular sclerosis" or "focal nodular glomerulosclerosis"....

, cancer
>-
| Fulranumab
Fulranumab
Fulranumab is a human monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of pain.Fulranumab was developed by Johnson & Johnson.- References :...

 
mab human NGF
Nerve growth factor
Nerve growth factor is a small secreted protein that is important for the growth, maintenance, and survival of certain target neurons . It also functions as a signaling molecule. It is perhaps the prototypical growth factor, in that it is one of the first to be described...

 
>-
| Galiximab
Galiximab
Galiximab is a monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of B-cell lymphoma. , it is undergoing Phase III clinical trials. The drug is a chimeric antibody from Macaca irus and Homo sapiens.-External links:*...

 
mab chimeric CD80
CD80
Cluster of Differentiation 80 is a protein found on activated B cells and monocytes that provides a costimulatory signal necessary for T cell activation and survival...

 
B-cell lymphoma
B-cell lymphoma
The B-cell lymphomas are types of lymphoma affecting B cells. Lymphomas are "blood cancers" in the lymph glands. They develop more frequently in older adults and in immunocompromised individuals ....


>-
| Ganitumab
Ganitumab
Ganitumab is a human monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of cancers.Ganitumab was developed by Amgen....

 
mab human IGF-I  >-
| Gantenerumab
Gantenerumab
Gantenerumab is a monoclonal antibody for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. A phase I clinical trial has been conducted in 2006/07.- References :...

 
mab human beta amyloid  >-
| Gavilimomab
Gavilimomab
Gavilimomab is a mouse monoclonal antibody intended for use as an immunosuppressive biologic treatment of glucocorticoid-resistant graft versus host disease. It binds to the antigen CD147. Gavilimomab proved slightly less effective than standard antithymocyte globulin therapy.It was originally...

 
mab mouse CD147 (basigin) >-
| Gemtuzumab ozogamicin
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin is a drug-linked monoclonal antibody that was used to treat acute myelogenous leukemia from 2000-2010...

 
Mylotarg mab humanized CD33
CD33
CD33 or Siglec-3 is a transmembrane receptor expressed on cells of myeloid lineage. It is usually considered myeloid-specific, but it can also be found on some lymphoid cells.It binds sialic acids, therefore is a member of the SIGLEC family of lectins....

 
>-
| Gevokizumab
Gevokizumab
Gevokizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of diabetes and inflammatory disorders.Gevokizumab was developed by XOMA US LLC....

 
mab humanized IL-1β  >-
| Girentuximab
Girentuximab
Girentuximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma.Girentuximab was developed by Wilex AG....

 
Rencarex mab chimeric carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA-IX) renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma is a kidney cancer that originates in the lining of the proximal convoluted tubule, the very small tubes in the kidney that filter the blood and remove waste products. RCC is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults, responsible for approximately 80% of cases...


>-
| Glembatumumab vedotin
Glembatumumab vedotin
Glembatumumab vedotin is an antibody-drug conjugate that targets cancer cells expressing transmembrane glycoprotein NMB ....

 
mab human GPNMB
GPNMB
Transmembrane glycoprotein NMB is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPNMB gene. The mouse and rat orthologues of GPNMB are known as DC-HIL and Osteoactivin , respectively. Two transcript variants encoding 560 and 572 amino acid isoforms have been characterized for this gene in humans...

 
>-
| Golimumab
Golimumab
Golimumab is a human monoclonal antibody which is used as an immunosuppressive drug and marketed under the brand name Simponi. Golimumab targets tumor necrosis factor alpha , a pro-inflammatory molecule and hence is a TNF inhibitor....

 
Simponi mab human TNF-α  >-
| Gomiliximab
Gomiliximab
Gomiliximab is a monoclonal antibody acting as an immunosuppressive drug for the treatment of allergic asthma. It targets the low affinity IgE receptor . The drug is a chimeric antibody from Macaca irus and Homo sapiens....

 
mab chimeric CD23
CD23
CD23, also known as Fc epsilon RII, or FcεRII, is the "low-affinity" receptor for IgE, an antibody isotype involved in allergy and resistance to parasites, and is important in regulation of IgE levels. Unlike many of the antibody receptors, CD23 is a C-type lectin...

 (IgE receptor)
>-
| GS6624 
mab ? ? pulmonary fibrosis
Pulmonary fibrosis
Pulmonary fibrosis is the formation or development of excess fibrous connective tissue in the lungs. It is also described as "scarring of the lung".-Symptoms:Symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis are mainly:...

 and solid tumors
>-
| Ibalizumab
Ibalizumab
Ibalizumab is a non-immunosuppressive monoclonal antibody that binds CD4, the primary receptor for HIV, and inhibits the viral entry process...

 
mab humanized CD4
CD4
CD4 is a glycoprotein expressed on the surface of T helper cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It was discovered in the late 1970s and was originally known as leu-3 and T4 before being named CD4 in 1984...

 
>-
| Ibritumomab tiuxetan
Ibritumomab tiuxetan
Ibritumomab tiuxetan, sold under the trade name Zevalin, is a monoclonal antibody radioimmunotherapy treatment for some forms of B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, a lymphoproliferative disorder and thus affects the lymphatic system...

 
Zevalin mab mouse CD20
CD20
B-lymphocyte antigen CD20 or CD20 is an activated-glycosylated phosphoprotein expressed on the surface of all B-cells beginning at the pro-B phase and progressively increasing in concentration until maturity....

 
>-
| Icrucumab
Icrucumab
Icrucumab is a human monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of solid tumors.Icrucumab was developed by ImClone Systems Inc.- References :...

 
mab human VEGFR-1  >-
| Igovomab
Igovomab
Indium igovomab was a mouse monoclonal antibody for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer.Linked to the chelating agent DTPA and labelled with Indium-111, it was used for imaging of the cancer. The drug is no longer available....

 
Indimacis-125 F(ab')2 mouse CA-125
CA-125
CA-125 also known as mucin 16 or MUC16 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MUC16 gene. MUC16 is a member of the mucin family glycoproteins...

 
>-
| Imciromab
Imciromab
Indium imciromab is a mouse monoclonal antibody labelled with the radioisotope Indium-111. It was used for cardiac imaging, but withdrawn in 1993.-References:...

 
Myoscint mab mouse cardiac myosin
Myosin
Myosins comprise a family of ATP-dependent motor proteins and are best known for their role in muscle contraction and their involvement in a wide range of other eukaryotic motility processes. They are responsible for actin-based motility. The term was originally used to describe a group of similar...

 
>-
| Indatuximab ravtansine
Indatuximab ravtansine
Indatuximab ravtansine is an immunomodulator and antineoplastic. It binds to SDC1....

 
mab chimeric SDC1  >-
| Infliximab
Infliximab
Infliximab is a monoclonal antibody against tumour necrosis factor alpha . It is used to treat autoimmune diseases. Remicade is marketed by Janssen Biotech, Inc...

 
Remicade mab chimeric TNF-α  >-
| Intetumumab
Intetumumab
Intetumumab is a human monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of solid tumors.Intetumumab was developed by Centocor, Inc....

 
mab human CD51  >-
| Inolimomab
Inolimomab
Inolimomab is a mouse monoclonal antibody developed as an immunosuppressive drug against graft-versus-host disease. Its target is the alpha chain of the interleukin-2 receptor....

 
mab mouse CD25
CD25
CD25 is the alpha chain of the IL-2 receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein present on activated T cells, activated B cells, some thymocytes, myeloid precursors, and oligodendrocytes that associates with CD122 to form a heterodimer that can act as a high-affinity receptor for IL-2.CD25 is...

 (α chain of IL-2
Interleukin 2
Interleukin-2 is an interleukin, a type of cytokine immune system signaling molecule, which is a leukocytotrophic hormone that is instrumental in the body's natural response to microbial infection and in discriminating between foreign and self...

 receptor)
>-
| Inotuzumab ozogamicin
Inotuzumab ozogamicin
Inotuzumab ozogamicin is a humanized monoclonal antibody for the treatment of cancers. The monoclonal antibody is linked to a cytotoxic agent from the class of calicheamicins ....

 
mab humanized CD22
CD22
CD22 or cluster of differentiation-22, is a molecule belonging to the SIGLEC family of lectins. It is found on the surface of mature B cells and to a lesser extent on some immature B cells...

 
>-
| Ipilimumab
Ipilimumab
Ipilimumab , marketed as Yervoy, is a drug used for the treatment of melanoma, a type of skin cancer. It is a U.S...

 
Yervoy mab human CD152  melanoma
Melanoma
Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes. Melanocytes are cells that produce the dark pigment, melanin, which is responsible for the color of skin. They predominantly occur in skin, but are also found in other parts of the body, including the bowel and the eye...


>-
| Iratumumab
Iratumumab
Iratumumab is a human monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of oncological diseases such as relapsed refractory CD30-positive lymphoma including Hodgkin's disease.This drug was developed by Medarex, Inc....

 
mab human CD30
CD30
CD30, also known as TNFRSF8, is a cell membrane protein of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family and tumor marker.This receptor is expressed by activated, but not by resting, T and B cells. TRAF2 and TRAF5 can interact with this receptor, and mediate the signal transduction that leads to the...

 (TNFRSF8)
Hodgkin's lymphoma
Hodgkin's lymphoma
Hodgkin's lymphoma, previously known as Hodgkin's disease, is a type of lymphoma, which is a cancer originating from white blood cells called lymphocytes...


>-
| Itolizumab
Itolizumab
Itolizumab is an immunomodulator. It binds to CD6....

 
mab humanized CD6
CD6
CD6 is a human protein encoded by the gene....

 
>-
| Ixekizumab
Ixekizumab
Ixekizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.Ixekizumab was developed by Eli Lilly and Co....

 
mab humanized IL-17A  >-
| Keliximab
Keliximab
Keliximab is a monoclonal antibody for the treatment of severe chronic asthma. It suppresses the immune reaction by binding to white blood cells via the protein CD4. The drug is a chimeric antibody from Macaca irus and Homo sapiens....

 
mab chimeric CD4
CD4
CD4 is a glycoprotein expressed on the surface of T helper cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It was discovered in the late 1970s and was originally known as leu-3 and T4 before being named CD4 in 1984...

 
>-
| Labetuzumab
Labetuzumab
Labetuzumab is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody for the treatment of colorectal cancer.This drug was developed by Immunomedics, Inc....

 
CEA-Cide mab humanized CEA
Carcinoembryonic antigen
Carcinoembryonic antigen is a glycoprotein involved in cell adhesion. It is normally produced during fetal development, but the production of CEA stops before birth. Therefore, it is not usually present in the blood of healthy adults, although levels are raised in heavy smokers...

 
colorectal cancer
Colorectal cancer
Colorectal cancer, commonly known as bowel cancer, is a cancer caused by uncontrolled cell growth , in the colon, rectum, or vermiform appendix. Colorectal cancer is clinically distinct from anal cancer, which affects the anus....


>-
| Lebrikizumab 
mab humanized IL-13
Interleukin 13
Interleukin 13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL13 gene. IL-13 is cytokine secreted by many cell types, but especially T helper type 2 cells, that is a mediator of allergic inflammation and disease.-Functions:...

 
asthma
Asthma
Asthma is the common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and bronchospasm. Symptoms include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath...


>-
| Lemalesomab
Lemalesomab
Lemalesomab is a mouse monoclonal antibody for the diagnosis of inflammatory lesions....

 
mab mouse NCA-90 (granulocyte antigen) >-
| Lerdelimumab
Lerdelimumab
Lerdelimumab is a human monoclonal antibody and an immunosuppressive drug developed to reduce scarring after glaucoma drainage surgery....

 
mab human TGF beta 2
TGF beta 2
Transforming growth factor-beta 2 is a secreted protein known as a cytokine that performs many cellular functions and has a vital role during embryonic development . It is an extracellular glycosylated protein...

 
glaucoma surgery
Glaucoma surgery
Glaucoma is a group of diseases affecting the optic nerve that results in vision loss and is frequently characterized by raised intraocular pressure...


>-
| Lexatumumab
Lexatumumab
Lexatumumab is an agonistic human monoclonal antibody against TRAIL-R2 used in the treatment of cancer.HGS-ETR2 antibodies were generated by HGS through a collaboration with Cambridge Antibody Technology....

 
mab human TRAIL-R2  >-
| Libivirumab
Libivirumab
Libivirumab is a human monoclonal antibody directed against the hepatitis B virus....

 
mab human hepatitis B surface antigen >-
| Lintuzumab
Lintuzumab
Lintuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of cancer. The drug had been developed by Seattle Genetics as a treatment for acute myeloid leukemia , a condition which results in the deaths of 9,000 people a year in the United States...

 
mab humanized CD33
CD33
CD33 or Siglec-3 is a transmembrane receptor expressed on cells of myeloid lineage. It is usually considered myeloid-specific, but it can also be found on some lymphoid cells.It binds sialic acids, therefore is a member of the SIGLEC family of lectins....

 
>-
| Lorvotuzumab mertansine
Lorvotuzumab mertansine
Lorvotuzumab mertansine is an antibody-drug conjugate of lorvotuzumab linked to mertansine intended for CD56 positive cancers .It has been granted Orphan drug status for Merkel cell carcinoma....

 
mab humanized CD56  >-
| Lucatumumab
Lucatumumab
Lucatumumab is a human monoclonal antibody being investigated for the treatment of various types of cancer like multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin's or Hodgkin's lymphoma.This drug was developed by Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp....

 
mab human CD40  multiple myeloma
Multiple myeloma
Multiple myeloma , also known as plasma cell myeloma or Kahler's disease , is a cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell normally responsible for the production of antibodies...

, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma
Hodgkin's lymphoma
Hodgkin's lymphoma, previously known as Hodgkin's disease, is a type of lymphoma, which is a cancer originating from white blood cells called lymphocytes...


>-
| Lumiliximab
Lumiliximab
Lumiliximab is a monoclonal antibody that targets CD23. It acts as an immunomodulator and, , it is being investigated in Phase I and II clinical trials for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The drug is a chimeric antibody from Macaca irus and Homo sapiens....

 
mab chimeric CD23
CD23
CD23, also known as Fc epsilon RII, or FcεRII, is the "low-affinity" receptor for IgE, an antibody isotype involved in allergy and resistance to parasites, and is important in regulation of IgE levels. Unlike many of the antibody receptors, CD23 is a C-type lectin...

 (IgE receptor)
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia , also known as chronic lymphoid leukemia , is the most common type of leukemia. Leukemias are cancers of the white blood cells . CLL affects B cell lymphocytes. B cells originate in the bone marrow, develop in the lymph nodes, and normally fight infection by...


>-
| Mapatumumab
Mapatumumab
Mapatumumab is a human monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of cancer.This drug was discovered by Cambridge Antibody Technology and Human Genome Sciences, Inc...

 
mab human TRAIL
TRAIL
In the field of cell biology, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand , is a protein functioning as a ligand that induces the process of cell death called apoptosis. TRAIL has also been designated CD253 .- Gene :...

-R1
>-
| Maslimomab
Maslimomab
Maslimomab is a mouse monoclonal antibody and an immunosuppressive drug....

 
? mouse T-cell receptor >-
| Mavrilimumab
Mavrilimumab
Mavrilimumab is a human monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.Mavrilimumab was developed by MedImmune, Inc....

 
mab human CAM-3001  rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder that may affect many tissues and organs, but principally attacks synovial joints. The process produces an inflammatory response of the synovium secondary to hyperplasia of synovial cells, excess synovial fluid, and the development...


>-
| Matuzumab
Matuzumab
Matuzumab was a humanized monoclonal antibody for the treatment of cancer. It binds to the epidermal growth factor receptor with high affinity....

 
mab humanized EGFR
Epidermal growth factor receptor
The epidermal growth factor receptor is the cell-surface receptor for members of the epidermal growth factor family of extracellular protein ligands...

 
>-
| Mepolizumab
Mepolizumab
Mepolizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that recognizes interleukin-5 , and is used to treat certain kinds of asthma and white blood cell diseases....

 
Bosatria mab humanized IL-5
Interleukin 5
Interleukin 5 or IL-5 is an interleukin produced by T helper-2 cells and mast cells. Its functions are to stimulate B cell growth and increase immunoglobulin secretion. It is also a key mediator in eosinophil activation. IL-5 is a 115-amino acid -long TH2 cytokine that is part of the...

 
>-
| Metelimumab
Metelimumab
Metelimumab is a human IgG4 monoclonal antibody that neutralizes TGF beta 1 which had been chosen for further development for the treatment of diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis, also known as scleroderma...

 
mab human TGF beta 1
TGF beta 1
Transforming growth factor beta 1 or TGF-β1 is a polypeptide member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily of cytokines. It is a secreted protein that performs many cellular functions, including the control of cell growth, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and apoptosis...

 
>-
| Milatuzumab
Milatuzumab
Milatuzumab is a monoclonal antibody for the treatment of multiple myeloma and other hematological malignancies.This drug was developed by Immunomedics, Inc....

 
mab humanized CD74
CD74
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen gamma chain also known as HLA-DR antigens-associated invariant chain or CD74 , is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD74 gene. The invariant chain is a polypeptide involved in the formation and transport of MHC class II protein...

 
>-
| Minretumomab
Minretumomab
Minretumomab is a mouse monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of cancer....

 
mab mouse TAG-72
Tumor-associated glycoprotein 72
Tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 is a glycoprotein found on the surface of many cancer cells, including ovary, breast, colon, and pancreatic cells...

 
>-
| Mitumomab
Mitumomab
Mitumomab is a mouse monoclonal antibody investigated for the treatment of small cell lung carcinoma in combination with BCG vaccination. Mitumomab attacks tumour cells, while the vaccine is thought to activate the immune system. , the drug is undergoing Phase III clinical trials....

 
mab mouse GD3 ganglioside
Ganglioside
Ganglioside is a molecule composed of a glycosphingolipid with one or more sialic acids linked on the sugar chain. The 60+ known gangliosides differ mainly in the position and number of NANA residues.It is a component of the cell plasma membrane that modulates cell signal transduction events...

 
>-
| Mogamulizumab
Mogamulizumab
Mogamulizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of cancers.Mogamulizumab was developed by Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd....

 
mab humanized CCR4
CCR4
C-C chemokine receptor type 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCR4 gene. CCR4 has also recently been designated CD194 .The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor family...

 
>-
| Morolimumab
Morolimumab
Morolimumab is a human monoclonal antibody against the human Rhesus factor....

 
mab human Rhesus factor  >-
| Motavizumab
Motavizumab
Motavizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody. It is being investigated by MedImmune for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection in high-risk infants...

 
Numax mab humanized respiratory syncytial virus  >-
| Moxetumomab pasudotox
Moxetumomab pasudotox
Moxetumomab pasudotox is a mouse monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of cancer.Moxetumomab pasudotox was developed by MedImmune, Inc....

 
mab mouse CD22
CD22
CD22 or cluster of differentiation-22, is a molecule belonging to the SIGLEC family of lectins. It is found on the surface of mature B cells and to a lesser extent on some immature B cells...

 
>-
| Muromonab-CD3 
Orthoclone OKT3 mab mouse CD3  >-
| Nacolomab tafenatox
Nacolomab tafenatox
Nacolomab tafenatox is a mouse monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of colorectal cancer. The antibody itself, nacolomab, is fused with enterotoxin A from Staphylococcus aureus ....

 
Fab mouse C242 antigen >-
| Namilumab
Namilumab
Namilumab is an immunomodulator. It binds to CSF2....

 
mab human CSF2  >-
| Naptumomab estafenatox
Naptumomab estafenatox
Naptumomab estafenatox is a drug being developed for the treatment of various types of cancer like non-small cell lung carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma.-Mechanism of action:...

 
Fab mouse 5T4  renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma is a kidney cancer that originates in the lining of the proximal convoluted tubule, the very small tubes in the kidney that filter the blood and remove waste products. RCC is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults, responsible for approximately 80% of cases...


>-
| Narnatumab
Narnatumab
Narnatumab is a human monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of cancer.Narnatumab was developed by ImClone Systems....

 
mab human RON >-
| Natalizumab
Natalizumab
Natalizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against the cellular adhesion molecule α4-integrin. Natalizumab is used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis and Crohn's disease. It is co-marketed by Biogen Idec and Élan as Tysabri, and was previously named Antegren. Natalizumab is administered by...

 
Tysabri mab humanized integrin
Integrin
Integrins are receptors that mediate attachment between a cell and the tissues surrounding it, which may be other cells or the ECM. They also play a role in cell signaling and thereby regulate cellular shape, motility, and the cell cycle....

 α4
multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease in which the fatty myelin sheaths around the axons of the brain and spinal cord are damaged, leading to demyelination and scarring as well as a broad spectrum of signs and symptoms...

, Crohn's disease
>-
| Nebacumab
Nebacumab
Nebacumab is a human monoclonal antibody developed for the treatment of sepsis. It has been withdrawn in 1993 because it failed to reduce mortality in clinical trials.-References:...

 
mab human endotoxin
Endotoxin
Endotoxins are toxins associated with some Gram-negative bacteria. An "endotoxin" is a toxin that is a structural molecule of the bacteria that is recognized by the immune system.-Gram negative:...

 
>-
| Necitumumab
Necitumumab
Necitumumab is a monoclonal antibody and an antineoplastic. It binds to the epidermal growth factor receptor . , two Phase III clinical trials are planned to investigate its effects on non-small cell lung carcinoma....

 
mab human EGFR
Epidermal growth factor receptor
The epidermal growth factor receptor is the cell-surface receptor for members of the epidermal growth factor family of extracellular protein ligands...

 
>-
| Nerelimomab
Nerelimomab
Nerelimomab is a mouse monoclonal antibody acting as a TNF inhibitor....

 
mab mouse TNF-α  >-
| Nimotuzumab
Nimotuzumab
Nimotuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody used to treat squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck, recurrent or refractory high grade malignant glioma, anaplastic astrocytomas, glioblastomas and diffuse...

 
Theracim, Theraloc mab humanized EGFR
Epidermal growth factor receptor
The epidermal growth factor receptor is the cell-surface receptor for members of the epidermal growth factor family of extracellular protein ligands...

 
glioma
Glioma
A glioma is a type of tumor that starts in the brain or spine. It is called a glioma because it arises from glial cells. The most common site of gliomas is the brain.-By type of cell:...


>-
| Nofetumomab merpentan 
Verluma Fab mouse ? >-
| Ocrelizumab
Ocrelizumab
Ocrelizumab is a humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. It targets mature B lymphocytes and hence is an immunosuppressive drug candidate. It is under development by Hoffmann–La Roche's subsidiary Genentech, and Biogen Idec....

 
mab humanized CD20
CD20
B-lymphocyte antigen CD20 or CD20 is an activated-glycosylated phosphoprotein expressed on the surface of all B-cells beginning at the pro-B phase and progressively increasing in concentration until maturity....

 
>-
| Odulimomab
Odulimomab
Odulimomab is an investigational drug for the prevention of transplant rejection and for the treatment of various immunological diseases.It is a mouse monoclonal antibody directed against the alpha chain of the protein lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 which is involved in immune reactions....

 
mab mouse LFA-1
LFA-1
Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1, also known as LFA-1 is found on all T-cells and also on B-cells, macrophages and neutrophils and is involved in recruitment to the site of infection. It binds to ICAM-1 on antigen-presenting cells and functions as an adhesion molecule. LFA-1 is the first...

 (CD11a
CD11a
Integrin, alpha L , also known as ITGAL, is a human gene which functions in the immune system. It is involved in cellular adhesion and costimulatory signaling...

)
>-
| Ofatumumab
Ofatumumab
Ofatumumab is a human monoclonal antibody which appears to inhibit early-stage B lymphocyte activation...

 
Arzerra mab human CD20
CD20
B-lymphocyte antigen CD20 or CD20 is an activated-glycosylated phosphoprotein expressed on the surface of all B-cells beginning at the pro-B phase and progressively increasing in concentration until maturity....

 
>-
| Olaratumab
Olaratumab
Olaratumab is a monoclonal antibody which is being developed by Imclone for the treatment of solid tumors. It is directed against the platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha....

 
mab human PDGF-R α  >-
| Olokizumab
Olokizumab
Olokizumab is an immunomodulator. It binds to interleukin 6....

 
mab humanized IL6
Interleukin 6
Interleukin-6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL6 gene.IL-6 is an interleukin that acts as both a pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine. It is secreted by T cells and macrophages to stimulate immune response, e.g. during infection and after trauma, especially burns or other...

 
>-
| Omalizumab
Omalizumab
Omalizumab is a humanized antibody drug approved for patients with moderate-to-severe or severe allergic asthma, which is caused by hypersensitivity reactions to certain harmless environmental substances...

 
Xolair mab humanized IgE
IGE
IGE was one of the largest services company buying and selling virtual currencies and accounts for MMORPG. During its peak time, it had offices in Los Angeles, China , and headquarters & customer service centre in Hong Kong. IGE was one of the main monopoly in virtual economy services, also known...

 Fc region 
>-
| Onartuzumab
Onartuzumab
Onartuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of cancer.Onartuzumab was developed by Genentech, Inc....

 
mab humanized human scatter factor receptor kinase >-
| Oportuzumab monatox
Oportuzumab monatox
Oportuzumab monatox is an antineoplastic. Chemically, oportuzumab it is a single chain variable fragment of a monoclonal antibody which binds to epithelial cell adhesion molecule . Oportuzumab is fused with Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A ....

 
scFv humanized EpCAM  >-
| Oregovomab
Oregovomab
Oregovomab is a mouse monoclonal antibody it binds to the antigen CA125, a carbohydrate antigen. It is designed for the treatment of ovarian cancer.This drug was developed by AltaRex Corp....

 
OvaRex mab mouse CA-125
CA-125
CA-125 also known as mucin 16 or MUC16 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MUC16 gene. MUC16 is a member of the mucin family glycoproteins...

 
>-
| Otelixizumab
Otelixizumab
Otelixizumab, also known as TRX4, is a monoclonal antibody, which is being developed for the treatment of type 1 diabetes and other autoimmune diseases. The antibody is being developed by Tolerx, Inc...

 
mab chimeric/humanized CD3  >-
| Oxelumab
Oxelumab
Oxelumab is a human monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of asthma.Oxelumab was developed by Genentech and co-developed by Roche....

 
mab human OX-40  >-
| Ozoralizumab
Ozoralizumab
Ozoralizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.Ozoralizumab was developed by Pfizer Inc....

 
mab humanized Lama glama >-
| Pagibaximab
Pagibaximab
Pagibaximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody for the prevention of staphylococcal sepsis in infants with low birth weight. , it is undergoing Phase II/III clinical trials....

 
mab chimeric lipoteichoic acid
Lipoteichoic acid
Lipoteichoic acid is a major constituent of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria. These organisms have an inner membrane and, external to it, a thick peptidoglycan layer. It consists of teichoic acids, long chains of ribitol phosphate and is anchored to the lipid bilayer via a glyceride...

 
Staphylococcus
Staphylococcus
Staphylococcus is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria. Under the microscope they appear round , and form in grape-like clusters....

)
>-
| Palivizumab
Palivizumab
Palivizumab is a monoclonal antibody produced by recombinant DNA technology. It is used in the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infections...

 
Synagis, Abbosynagis mab humanized respiratory syncytial virus  >-
| Panitumumab
Panitumumab
Panitumumab , formerly ABX-EGF, is a fully human monoclonal antibody specific to the epidermal growth factor receptor ....

 
Vectibix mab human EGFR
Epidermal growth factor receptor
The epidermal growth factor receptor is the cell-surface receptor for members of the epidermal growth factor family of extracellular protein ligands...

 
>-
| Panobacumab
Panobacumab
Panobacumab is a monoclonal antibody designed as an antibacterial against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.It is a fully human pentameric IgM antibody with a mouse J chain....

 
mab human Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common bacterium that can cause disease in animals, including humans. It is found in soil, water, skin flora, and most man-made environments throughout the world. It thrives not only in normal atmospheres, but also in hypoxic atmospheres, and has, thus, colonized many...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection
>-
| Pascolizumab
Pascolizumab
Pascolizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody for the treatment of asthma. A Phase II clinical trial in patients with symptomatic glucocorticoid naive asthma has been conducted in 2001/2002....

 
mab humanized IL-4
Interleukin 4
Interleukin-4, abbreviated IL-4, is a cytokine that induces differentiation of naive helper T cells to Th2 cells. Upon activation by IL-4, Th2 cells subsequently produce additional IL-4. The cell that initially produces IL-4, thus inducing Th0 differentiation, has not been identified, but recent...

 
>-
| Pateclizumab
Pateclizumab
Pateclizumab is an immunomodulator. It binds to lymphotoxin alpha....

 
mab humanized LTA
Lymphotoxin alpha
Lymphotoxin-alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LTA gene.- Function :Lymphotoxin alpha, a member of the tumor necrosis factor family, is a cytokine produced by lymphocytes. LTA is highly inducible, secreted, and exists as homotrimeric molecule. LTA forms heterotrimers with...

 
>-
| Pemtumomab
Pemtumomab
Pemtumomab is a mouse monoclonal antibody used to treat cancer. The substance has affinity to various types of cancer, like ovarian cancer and peritoneal cancer, via the polymorphic epithelial mucin and delivers the radioisotope Yttrium-90 into the tumour...

 
Theragyn ? mouse MUC1
MUC1
Mucin 1, cell surface associated or polymorphic epithelial mucin is a mucin encoded by the MUC1 gene in humans. MUC1 is a proteoglycan with extensive O-linked glycosylation of its extracellular domain. Mucins line the apical surface of epithelial cells in the lungs, stomach, intestines, eyes and...

 
>-
| Pertuzumab
Pertuzumab
Pertuzumab is a monoclonal antibody. The first of its class in a line of agents called "HER dimerization inhibitors". By binding to HER2, it inhibits the dimerization of HER2 with other HER receptors, which is hypothesized to result in slowed tumor growth...

 
Omnitarg mab humanized HER2/neu
HER2/neu
HER-2 also known as proto-oncogene Neu, receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2, CD340 or p185 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ERBB2 gene. Over expression of this gene is correlated with higher aggressiveness in breast cancers...

 
>-
| Pexelizumab
Pexelizumab
Pexelizumab is a drug designed to reduce side effects of coronary artery bypass grafting and angioplasty, among other types of cardiac surgery. It is a single chain variable fragment of a monoclonal antibody targeted against component 5 of the complement system....

 
scFv humanized C5
Complement component 5
Complement component 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C5 gene.Complement component 5 is involved in the complement system. It is cleaved into C5a and C5b:* C5a plays an important role in chemotaxis....

 
cardiac surgery
Cardiac surgery
Cardiovascular surgery is surgery on the heart or great vessels performed by cardiac surgeons. Frequently, it is done to treat complications of ischemic heart disease , correct congenital heart disease, or treat valvular heart disease from various causes including endocarditis, rheumatic heart...


>-
| Pintumomab 
mab mouse adenocarcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Adenocarcinoma is a cancer of an epithelium that originates in glandular tissue. Epithelial tissue includes, but is not limited to, the surface layer of skin, glands and a variety of other tissue that lines the cavities and organs of the body. Epithelium can be derived embryologically from...

 antigen
adenocarcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Adenocarcinoma is a cancer of an epithelium that originates in glandular tissue. Epithelial tissue includes, but is not limited to, the surface layer of skin, glands and a variety of other tissue that lines the cavities and organs of the body. Epithelium can be derived embryologically from...

 (imaging)
>-
| Ponezumab
Ponezumab
Ponezumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.Ponezumab was developed by Pfizer Inc.- References :...

 
mab humanized human beta-amyloid  >-
| Priliximab
Priliximab
Priliximab is a human-mouse chimeric anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody. It has been tested on patients with Crohn's disease and multiple sclerosis but has not yet received U.S. Food and Drug Administration licencing. The patent belongs to the biotechnology company Centocor....

 
mab chimeric CD4
CD4
CD4 is a glycoprotein expressed on the surface of T helper cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It was discovered in the late 1970s and was originally known as leu-3 and T4 before being named CD4 in 1984...

 
>-
| Pritumumab
Pritumumab
Pritumumab is a human monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of brain cancer....

 
mab human vimentin
Vimentin
Vimentin is a type III intermediate filament protein that is expressed in mesenchymal cells. IF proteins are found in all metazoan cells as well as bacteria. IF, along with tubulin-based microtubules and actin-based microfilaments, comprise the cytoskeleton...

 
>-
| PRO 140
PRO 140
PRO 140 is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeted against the CCR5 receptor found on T lymphocytes of the human immune system. It is being investigated as a potential therapy in the treatment of HIV infection....

 
? humanized CCR5
CCR5
C-C chemokine receptor type 5, also known as CCR5, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCR5 gene. CCR5 is a member of the beta chemokine receptors family of integral membrane proteins...

 
>-
| Racotumomab
Racotumomab
Racotumomab is an antineoplastic. It binds to NGNA ganglioside GM3....

 
mab mouse N-glycolylneuraminic acid  >-
| Radretumab
Radretumab
Radretumab is an antineoplastic. It binds to fibronectin extra domain-B....

 
mab human fibronectin
Fibronectin
Fibronectin is a high-molecular weight glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix that binds to membrane-spanning receptor proteins called integrins. In addition to integrins, fibronectin also binds extracellular matrix components such as collagen, fibrin and heparan sulfate proteoglycans...

 extra domain-B
>-
| Rafivirumab
Rafivirumab
Rafivirumab is a monoclonal antibody for the prophylaxis of rabies....

 
mab human rabies
Rabies
Rabies is a viral disease that causes acute encephalitis in warm-blooded animals. It is zoonotic , most commonly by a bite from an infected animal. For a human, rabies is almost invariably fatal if post-exposure prophylaxis is not administered prior to the onset of severe symptoms...

 virus glycoprotein
>-
| Ramucirumab
Ramucirumab
Ramucirumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody being developed for the treatment of solid tumors. It is directed against the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 . By binding to VEGFR2 it works as a receptor antagonist blocking the binding of vascular endothelial growth factor to VEGFR2...

 
mab human VEGFR2  >-
| Ranibizumab
Ranibizumab
Ranibizumab is a monoclonal antibody fragment derived from the same parent mouse antibody as bevacizumab . It is much smaller than the parent molecule and has been affinity matured to provide stronger binding to VEGF-A...

 
Lucentis Fab humanized VEGF-A  macular degeneration
Macular degeneration
Age-related macular degeneration is a medical condition which usually affects older adults and results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field because of damage to the retina. It occurs in “dry” and “wet” forms. It is a major cause of blindness and visual impairment in older adults...

 (wet form)
>-
| Raxibacumab
Raxibacumab
Raxibacumab is a human monoclonal antibody intended for the prophylaxis and treatment of inhaled anthrax. Its efficacy has been proved in rabbits and monkeys. , the drug has reached stage three clinical testing in humans....

 
mab human anthrax
Anthrax
Anthrax is an acute disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Most forms of the disease are lethal, and it affects both humans and other animals...

 toxin, protective antigen
>-
| Regavirumab
Regavirumab
Regavirumab is a human monoclonal antibody against infections with cytomegalovirus....

 
mab human cytomegalovirus
Cytomegalovirus
Cytomegalovirus is a viral genus of the viral group known as Herpesviridae or herpesviruses. It is typically abbreviated as CMV: The species that infects humans is commonly known as human CMV or human herpesvirus-5 , and is the most studied of all cytomegaloviruses...

 glycoprotein B
>-
| Reslizumab
Reslizumab
Reslizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody intended for the treatment of eosinophil-meditated inflammations of the airways, skin and gastrointestinal tract. , the drug is undergoing Phase II/III clinical trials....

 
mab humanized IL-5
Interleukin 5
Interleukin 5 or IL-5 is an interleukin produced by T helper-2 cells and mast cells. Its functions are to stimulate B cell growth and increase immunoglobulin secretion. It is also a key mediator in eosinophil activation. IL-5 is a 115-amino acid -long TH2 cytokine that is part of the...

 
inflammation
Inflammation
Inflammation is part of the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. Inflammation is a protective attempt by the organism to remove the injurious stimuli and to initiate the healing process...

s of the airways, skin and gastrointestinal tract
>-
| Rilotumumab
Rilotumumab
Rilotumumab is a human monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of solid tumors.Rilotumumab was developed by Amgen, Inc....

 
mab human HGF
Hepatocyte growth factor
Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor is a paracrine cellular growth, motility and morphogenic factor. It is secreted by mesenchymal cells and targets and acts primarily upon epithelial cells and endothelial cells, but also acts on haemopoietic progenitor cells...

 
>-
| Rituximab
Rituximab
Rituximab, sold under the trade names Rituxan and MabThera, is a chimeric monoclonal antibody against the protein CD20, which is primarily found on the surface of B cells...

 
MabThera, Rituxan mab chimeric CD20
CD20
B-lymphocyte antigen CD20 or CD20 is an activated-glycosylated phosphoprotein expressed on the surface of all B-cells beginning at the pro-B phase and progressively increasing in concentration until maturity....

 
leukemia
Leukemia
Leukemia or leukaemia is a type of cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal increase of immature white blood cells called "blasts". Leukemia is a broad term covering a spectrum of diseases...

s, some autoimmune disorders
>-
| Robatumumab
Robatumumab
Robatumumab is a monoclonal antibody and an antineoplastic by Schering-Plough. It binds to CD221, the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor....

 
mab human IGF-1 receptor
IGF-1 Receptor
The Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor is a transmembrane receptor that is activated by IGF-1 and by the related growth factor IGF-2. It belongs to the large class of tyrosine kinase receptors. This receptor mediates the effects of IGF-1, which is a polypeptide protein hormone similar in...

 
>-
| Roledumab
Roledumab
Roledumab is a monoclonal antibody. It binds to RHD, the Rhesus factor antigen....

 
mab human RHD
RHD (gene)
Rh blood group, D antigen also known as Rh polypeptide 1 or cluster of differentiaion 240D is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RHD gene....

 
>-
| Romosozumab
Romosozumab
Romosozumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of osteoporosis.Romosozumab was developed by Amgen, Inc.- References :...

 
mab humanized scleroscin  osteoporosis
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a disease of bones that leads to an increased risk of fracture. In osteoporosis the bone mineral density is reduced, bone microarchitecture is deteriorating, and the amount and variety of proteins in bone is altered...


>-
| Rontalizumab
Rontalizumab
Rontalizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody being developed by Genentech. , it is being investigated in a clinical trial or the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus....

 
mab humanized IFN-α  systemic lupus erythematosus
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Systemic lupus erythematosus , often abbreviated to SLE or lupus, is a systemic autoimmune disease that can affect any part of the body. As occurs in other autoimmune diseases, the immune system attacks the body's cells and tissue, resulting in inflammation and tissue damage...


>-
| Rovelizumab
Rovelizumab
Rovelizumab, also known as LeukArrest and Hu23F2G, is a humanized monoclonal antibody which was an experimental immunosuppressive drug. Rovelizumab was developed by Icos to treat patients suffering from haemorrhagic shock. The drug is a monoclonal antibody that suppresses white blood cells which...

 
LeukArrest mab humanized CD11
CD11
CD11 is the α component of various integrins, especially ones in which the β component is CD18 and mediate leukocyte adhesion...

, CD18
CD18
Integrin beta-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGB2 gene.It is the beta subunit of four different structures:* LFA-1 * Macrophage-1 antigen * Integrin alphaXbeta2...

 
>-
| Ruplizumab
Ruplizumab
Ruplizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody intended for the treatment of rheumatic diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis. A study showed that the drug was associated with life-threatening thromboembolisms, while another study only found thrombocytopenia....

 
Antova mab humanized CD154
CD154
CD154, also called CD40 ligand or CD40L, is a protein that is primarily expressed on activated T cells and is a member of the TNF superfamily of molecules. It binds to CD40 on antigen-presenting cells , which leads to many effects depending on the target cell type...

 (CD40L)
>-
| Samalizumab
Samalizumab
Samalizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody designed for oncology indications.Samalizumab was developed by Alexion Pharmaceuticals....

 
mab humanized CD200
CD200
CD200 is a human protein encoded by the gene....

 
>-
| Sarilumab
Sarilumab
Sarilumab is a human monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.Sarilumab was developed by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc....

 
mab human IL6
Interleukin 6
Interleukin-6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL6 gene.IL-6 is an interleukin that acts as both a pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine. It is secreted by T cells and macrophages to stimulate immune response, e.g. during infection and after trauma, especially burns or other...

 
ankylosing spondylitis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Ankylosing spondylitis , previously known as Bekhterev's disease, Bekhterev syndrome, and Marie-Strümpell disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of the axial skeleton with variable involvement of peripheral joints and nonarticular structures...


>-
| Satumomab pendetide
Satumomab pendetide
Indium satumomab pendetide is a mouse monoclonal antibody which is used for cancer diagnosis. The antibody itself, satumomab, is linked to pendetide, a derivative of DTPA. Pendetide acts as a chelating agent for the radionuclide indium-111.-External links:*...

 
mab mouse TAG-72
Tumor-associated glycoprotein 72
Tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 is a glycoprotein found on the surface of many cancer cells, including ovary, breast, colon, and pancreatic cells...

 
>-
| Secukinumab
Secukinumab
Secukinumab is a human monoclonal antibody designed for the treatments of uveitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis.Secukinumab was developed by Novartis Pharma AG....

 
mab human IL-17A  uveitis
Uveitis
Uveitis specifically refers to inflammation of the middle layer of the eye, termed the "uvea" but in common usage may refer to any inflammatory process involving the interior of the eye....

, rheumatoid arthritis psoriasis
Psoriasis
Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease that appears on the skin. It occurs when the immune system mistakes the skin cells as a pathogen, and sends out faulty signals that speed up the growth cycle of skin cells. Psoriasis is not contagious. However, psoriasis has been linked to an increased risk of...


>-
| Sevirumab
Sevirumab
Sevirumab is a human monoclonal antibody for the treatment of infections with cytomegalovirus in patients with AIDS....

 
? human cytomegalovirus
Cytomegalovirus
Cytomegalovirus is a viral genus of the viral group known as Herpesviridae or herpesviruses. It is typically abbreviated as CMV: The species that infects humans is commonly known as human CMV or human herpesvirus-5 , and is the most studied of all cytomegaloviruses...

 
>-
| Sibrotuzumab
Sibrotuzumab
Sibrotuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody intended for the treatment of cancer. It binds to FAP...

 
mab humanized FAP
FAP (gene)
Fibroblast activation protein, alpha also known as seprase or 170 kDa melanoma membrane-bound gelatinase is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAP gene.- Function :...

 
>-
| Sifalimumab
Sifalimumab
Sifalimumab is a human monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of SLE, dermatomyositis, and polymyositis.Sifalimumab was developed by MedImmune....

 
mab humanized IFN-α  SLE
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Systemic lupus erythematosus , often abbreviated to SLE or lupus, is a systemic autoimmune disease that can affect any part of the body. As occurs in other autoimmune diseases, the immune system attacks the body's cells and tissue, resulting in inflammation and tissue damage...

, dermatomyositis
Dermatomyositis
Dermatomyositis is a connective-tissue disease related to polymyositis and Bramaticosis that is characterized by inflammation of the muscles and the skin.- Causes :...

, polymyositis
Polymyositis
Polymyositis is a type of chronic inflammation of the muscles related to dermatomyositis and inclusion body myositis.-Signs and symptoms:...


>-
| Siltuximab
Siltuximab
Siltuximab is an experimental antineoplastic drug and a monoclonal antibody. It binds to interleukin-6. Siltuximab has been investigated for the treatment of metastatic renal cell cancer, prostate cancer, and Castleman's disease, among other types of cancer....

 
mab chimeric IL-6  >-
| Siplizumab
Siplizumab
Siplizumab is a novel monoclonal antibody with a human IgG1, kappa directed to CD2. The agent has shown potent immunomodulatory effects, selectively suppressing the function of T and NK cells, and is currently being tested as a possible treatment for psoriasis and in the prevention of...

 
mab humanized CD2
CD2
CD2 is a cell adhesion molecule found on the surface of T cells and natural killer cells.It has also been called T-cell surface antigen T11/Leu-5, LFA-2, LFA-3 receptor, erythrocyte receptor and rosette receptor....

 
graft-versus-host disease
Graft-versus-host disease
Graft-versus-host disease is a common complication after a stem cell transplant or bone marrow transplant from another person . Immune cells in the donated marrow or stem cells recognize the recipient as "foreign". The transplanted immune cells then attack the host's body cells...

 (prevention)
>-
| Sirukumab
Sirukumab
Sirukumab is a human monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.Sirukumab is currently under development by Johnson & Johnson's subsidiary Centocor....

 
mab human IL-6
Interleukin 6
Interleukin-6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL6 gene.IL-6 is an interleukin that acts as both a pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine. It is secreted by T cells and macrophages to stimulate immune response, e.g. during infection and after trauma, especially burns or other...

 
>-
| Solanezumab
Solanezumab
Solanezumab is a monoclonal antibody being investigated as a neuroprotector for patients with Alzheimer's disease.-References:...

 
mab humanized beta amyloid  >-
| Sonepcizumab 
? humanized sphingosine-1-phosphate
Sphingosine-1-phosphate
Sphingosine-1-phosphate is a signaling sphingolipid. It is also referred to as a bioactive lipid mediator. Sphingolipids at large form a class of lipids characterized by a particular aliphatic aminoalcohol, which is sphingosine.-Production:...

 
choroidal
Choroidal neovascularization
Choroidal neovascularization is the creation of new blood vessels in the choroid layer of the eye. This is a common symptom of the degenerative maculopathy wet AMD .-Causes:...

 and retina
Retina
The vertebrate retina is a light-sensitive tissue lining the inner surface of the eye. The optics of the eye create an image of the visual world on the retina, which serves much the same function as the film in a camera. Light striking the retina initiates a cascade of chemical and electrical...

l neovascularization
Neovascularization
Neovascularization is the formation of functional microvascular networks with red blood cell perfusion. Neovascularization differs from angiogenesis in that angiogenesis is mainly characterized by the protrusion and outgrowth of capillary buds and sprouts from pre-existing blood vessels.In...


>-
| Sontuzumab 
mab humanized episialin >-
| Stamulumab
Stamulumab
Stamulumab is an experimental myostatin inhibiting drug developed by Wyeth Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of muscular dystrophy . Stamulumab was formulated and tested by Wyeth in Collegeville, Pennsylvania...

 
mab human myostatin
Myostatin
Myostatin is a secreted TGF beta protein family member that inhibits muscle differentiation and growth. Myostatin is produced primarily in skeletal muscle cells, circulates in the blood and acts on muscle tissue, by binding a cell-bound receptor called the activin type II receptor...

 
>-
| Sulesomab
Sulesomab
Technetium sulesomab is a mouse monoclonal antibody labelled with technetium-99m, a radionuclide.It is approved for the imaging of infections and inflammations in patients with suspected osteomyelitis, and is being investigated for other purposes like the detection of soft tissue infections....

 
LeukoScan Fab' mouse NCA-90 (granulocyte antigen) osteomyelitis
Osteomyelitis
Osteomyelitis simply means an infection of the bone or bone marrow...

 (imaging)
>-
| Suvizumab
Suvizumab
Suvizumab is an antiviral and immunomodulator. It binds to HIV-1....

 
mab humanized HIV-1  >-
| Tabalumab
Tabalumab
Tabalumab is a human monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and B cell malignancies.Tabalumab was developed by Eli Lilly and Company....

 
mab human BAFF  >-
| Tacatuzumab tetraxetan
Tacatuzumab tetraxetan
Yttrium tacatuzumab tetraxetan is a humanized monoclonal antibody intended for the treatment of cancer. The antibody itself, tacatuzumab, is conjugated with tetraxetan, a chelator for yttrium-90, a radioisotope which destroys the tumour cells.-References:...

 
AFP-Cide mab humanized alpha-fetoprotein
Alpha-fetoprotein
Alpha-fetoprotein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AFP gene....

 
>-
| Tadocizumab
Tadocizumab
Tadocizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that acts on the cardiovascular system. It binds to integrin αIIbβ3, a fibrinogen and fibronectin receptor found on platelets....

 
Fab humanized integrin
Integrin
Integrins are receptors that mediate attachment between a cell and the tissues surrounding it, which may be other cells or the ECM. They also play a role in cell signaling and thereby regulate cellular shape, motility, and the cell cycle....

 αIIbβ3
percutaneous coronary intervention
Percutaneous coronary intervention
Percutaneous coronary intervention , commonly known as coronary angioplasty or simply angioplasty, is one therapeutic procedure used to treat the stenotic coronary arteries of the heart found in coronary heart disease. These stenotic segments are due to the build up of cholesterol-laden plaques...


>-
| Talizumab
Talizumab
Talizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody being developed by Tanox in Houston, Texas. It was designed to target immunoglobulin E and IgE-expressing B lymphocytes specifically, without binding to IgE already bound by the IgE receptors on mast cells and basophils...

 
mab humanized IgE
IGE
IGE was one of the largest services company buying and selling virtual currencies and accounts for MMORPG. During its peak time, it had offices in Los Angeles, China , and headquarters & customer service centre in Hong Kong. IGE was one of the main monopoly in virtual economy services, also known...

 
>-
| Tanezumab
Tanezumab
Tanezumab is a monoclonal antibody against nerve growth factor. It was developed by Pfizer as a treatment for pain.In 2009 there was a Phase III trial for knee pain due to osteoarthritis ....

 
mab humanized NGF
Nerve growth factor
Nerve growth factor is a small secreted protein that is important for the growth, maintenance, and survival of certain target neurons . It also functions as a signaling molecule. It is perhaps the prototypical growth factor, in that it is one of the first to be described...

 
pain
Pain
Pain is an unpleasant sensation often caused by intense or damaging stimuli such as stubbing a toe, burning a finger, putting iodine on a cut, and bumping the "funny bone."...


>-
| Taplitumomab paptox
Taplitumomab paptox
Taplitumomab paptox is a mouse monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of cancer. The antibody itself, taplitumomab, is linked to the protein PAP, an antiviral from Phytolacca americana, a species of pokeweed. This is reflected by the 'paptox' in the drug's name....

 
mab mouse CD19
CD19
B-lymphocyte antigen CD19 also known as CD19 , is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD19 gene.- Function :...

 
>-
| Tefibazumab
Tefibazumab
Tefibazumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody for the treatment of severe infections with Staphylococcus aureus. Possible indications include the treatment of S. aureus in patient with cystic fibrosis and of methicillin-resistant S. aureus.It was developed by Inhibitex....

 
Aurexis mab humanized clumping factor A
Clumping factor A
Clumping factor A, or ClfA, is a virulence factor from Staphylococcus aureus that binds to fibrinogen.ClfA also has been shown to bind to complement regulator I protein....

 
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus is a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive coccal bacterium. It is frequently found as part of the normal skin flora on the skin and nasal passages. It is estimated that 20% of the human population are long-term carriers of S. aureus. S. aureus is the most common species of...

infection
>-
| Telimomab aritox
Telimomab aritox
Telimomab aritox is a mouse monoclonal antibody which is an immunosuppressive drug. The antibody is linked to the A chain of the ricin protein ....

 
Fab mouse ? >-
| Tenatumomab
Tenatumomab
Tenatumomab is a monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of cancer....

 
mab mouse tenascin C
Tenascin C
Tenascin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNC gene.-Interactions:Tenascin C has been shown to interact with fibronectin.-Further reading:...

 
>-
| Teneliximab
Teneliximab
Teneliximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody binding to the immune stimulatory protein CD40. , it has not entered clinical trials....

 
mab chimeric CD40  >-
| Teplizumab
Teplizumab
Teplizumab is a monoclonal antibody which is used as an immunosuppressive drug.Teplizumab is a humanized Fc-engineered monoclonal antibody also known as MGA031 and hOKT3γ1....

 
mab humanized CD3  diabetes mellitus type 1
Diabetes mellitus type 1
Diabetes mellitus type 1 is a form of diabetes mellitus that results from autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas. The subsequent lack of insulin leads to increased blood and urine glucose...


>-
| Teprotumumab
Teprotumumab
Teprotumumab is a human monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of solid and hematologic tumors.Teprotumumab was developed by Roche....

 
mab human CD221  >-
| TGN1412
TGN1412
TGN1412 is the working name of an immunomodulatory drug which was withdrawn from development after inducing severe inflammatory reactions in the first human subjects to receive the drug....

 
? humanized CD28
CD28
CD28 is one of the molecules expressed on T cells that provide co-stimulatory signals, which are required for T cell activation. CD28 is the receptor for CD80 and CD86 . When activated by Toll-like receptor ligands, the CD80 expression is upregulated in antigen presenting cells...

 
>-
| Ticilimumab (= tremelimumab)
mab human CTLA-4
CTLA-4
CTLA4 also known as CD152 is a protein that plays an important regulatory role in the immune system...

 
>-
| Tigatuzumab
Tigatuzumab
Tigatuzumab is a monoclonal antibody for the treatment of cancer. , a clinical trial for the treatment of pancreatic cancer has been completed, Phase II trials for colorectal cancer and non-small cell lung cancer are running, and a study for ovarian cancer has been approved.The drug targets member...

 
mab humanized TRAIL-R2  >-
| TNX-650
TNX-650
TNX-650 is a medication for refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma under development by Tanox. , a phase 1/2 clinical trial is recruiting participants.It is a monoclonal antibody which blocks interleukin 13....

 
? humanized IL-13
Interleukin 13
Interleukin 13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL13 gene. IL-13 is cytokine secreted by many cell types, but especially T helper type 2 cells, that is a mediator of allergic inflammation and disease.-Functions:...

 
>-
| Tocilizumab
Tocilizumab
Tocilizumab is an immunosuppressive drug, mainly for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, a severe form of RA in children. It is a humanized monoclonal antibody against the interleukin-6 receptor...

 (= atlizumab)
Actemra, RoActemra mab humanized IL-6 receptor  >-
| Toralizumab
Toralizumab
Toralizumab was a humanized monoclonal antibody and an immunosuppressive drug. Possible indications included treatment of antibody-mediated disorders , T-cell-mediated diseases Toralizumab (IDEC 131) was a humanized monoclonal antibody and an immunosuppressive drug. Possible indications included...

 
mab humanized CD154
CD154
CD154, also called CD40 ligand or CD40L, is a protein that is primarily expressed on activated T cells and is a member of the TNF superfamily of molecules. It binds to CD40 on antigen-presenting cells , which leads to many effects depending on the target cell type...

 (CD40L)
>-
| Tositumomab
Tositumomab
Tositumomab is a drug for the treatment of follicular lymphoma. It is a IgG2a anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody derived from immortalized mouse cells....

 
Bexxar ? mouse CD20
CD20
B-lymphocyte antigen CD20 or CD20 is an activated-glycosylated phosphoprotein expressed on the surface of all B-cells beginning at the pro-B phase and progressively increasing in concentration until maturity....

 
follicular lymphoma
Follicular lymphoma
Follicular lymphoma is the most common of the indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and the second most common form of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas overall. It is defined as a lymphoma of follicle center B-cells , which has at least a partially follicular pattern...


>-
| Tralokinumab
Tralokinumab
Tralokinumab is a human monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of asthma and inflammatory diseases.Tralokinumab was developed by MedImmune....

 
mab human IL-13
Interleukin 13
Interleukin 13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL13 gene. IL-13 is cytokine secreted by many cell types, but especially T helper type 2 cells, that is a mediator of allergic inflammation and disease.-Functions:...

 
>-
| Trastuzumab
Trastuzumab
Trastuzumab is a monoclonal antibody that interferes with the HER2/neu receptor.The HER receptors are proteins that are embedded in the cell membrane and communicate molecular signals from outside the cell to inside the cell, and turn genes on and off...

 
Herceptin mab humanized HER2/neu
HER2/neu
HER-2 also known as proto-oncogene Neu, receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2, CD340 or p185 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ERBB2 gene. Over expression of this gene is correlated with higher aggressiveness in breast cancers...

 
breast cancer
Breast cancer
Breast cancer is cancer originating from breast tissue, most commonly from the inner lining of milk ducts or the lobules that supply the ducts with milk. Cancers originating from ducts are known as ductal carcinomas; those originating from lobules are known as lobular carcinomas...


>-
| TRBS07 
Ektomab 3funct ? GD2 >-
| Tregalizumab
Tregalizumab
Tregalizumab is an immunomodulator. It binds to CD4....

 
mab humanized CD4
CD4
CD4 is a glycoprotein expressed on the surface of T helper cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It was discovered in the late 1970s and was originally known as leu-3 and T4 before being named CD4 in 1984...

 
>-
| Tremelimumab
Tremelimumab
Tremelimumab is a fully human IgG2 monoclonal antibody produced by Pfizer. It binds to the protein CTLA-4, which is expressed on the surface of activated T lymphocytes...

 
mab human CTLA-4
CTLA-4
CTLA4 also known as CD152 is a protein that plays an important regulatory role in the immune system...

 
>-
| Tucotuzumab celmoleukin
Tucotuzumab celmoleukin
Tucotuzumab celmoleukin is an anti-cancer drug. It is a fusion protein of a humanized monoclonal antibody and an interleukin-2 .This drug was developed by EMD Pharmaceuticals....

 
mab humanized EpCAM  >-
| Tuvirumab
Tuvirumab
Tuvirumab is a human monoclonal antibody for the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B. It has undergone Phase I clinical trials in 2001....

 
? human hepatitis B virus >-
| Ublituximab
Ublituximab
Ublituximab is an immunomodulator. It binds to MS4A1....

 
mab chimeric MS4A1  >-
| Urelumab
Urelumab
Urelumab is a human monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of cancer and solid tumors.Urelumab was developed by Bristol-Myers Squibb....

 
mab human 4-1BB  >-
| Urtoxazumab
Urtoxazumab
Urtoxazumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against diarrhoea caused by Escherichia coli, serotype O121. The drug is designed to bind to a toxin of this bacterium, so that it can be more easily broken down and eliminated from the body....

 
mab humanized Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms . Most E. coli strains are harmless, but some serotypes can cause serious food poisoning in humans, and are occasionally responsible for product recalls...

E. coli
>-
| Ustekinumab 
Stelara mab human IL-12
Interleukin 12
Interleukin 12 is an interleukin that is naturally produced by dendritic cells, macrophages and human B-lymphoblastoid cells in response to antigenic stimulation.-Gene and structure:...

, IL-23
Interleukin 23
Interleukin-23 subunit alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL23A gene. IL-23 is produced by dendritic cells and macrophages...

 
>-
| Vapaliximab
Vapaliximab
Vapaliximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody and an immunosuppressive drug....

 
mab chimeric AOC3
AOC3
Amine oxidase, copper containing 3 , also known as semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase , is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AOC3 gene.- Function :...

 (VAP-1)
>-
| Vatelizumab
Vatelizumab
Vatelizumab is an immunomodulator. It binds to integrin alpha 2....

 
mab humanized ITGA2  >-
| Vedolizumab
Vedolizumab
Vedolizumab is a monoclonal antibody being developed by Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. It binds to integrin α4β7...

 
mab humanized integrin
Integrin
Integrins are receptors that mediate attachment between a cell and the tissues surrounding it, which may be other cells or the ECM. They also play a role in cell signaling and thereby regulate cellular shape, motility, and the cell cycle....

 α4β7
ulcerative colitis
Ulcerative colitis
Ulcerative colitis is a form of inflammatory bowel disease . Ulcerative colitis is a form of colitis, a disease of the colon , that includes characteristic ulcers, or open sores. The main symptom of active disease is usually constant diarrhea mixed with blood, of gradual onset...


>-
| Veltuzumab
Veltuzumab
Veltuzumab is a monoclonal antibody which is being investigated for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. , it is undergoing Phase I/II clinical trials.This drug was developed by Immunomedics, Inc....

 
mab humanized CD20
CD20
B-lymphocyte antigen CD20 or CD20 is an activated-glycosylated phosphoprotein expressed on the surface of all B-cells beginning at the pro-B phase and progressively increasing in concentration until maturity....

 
>-
| Vepalimomab
Vepalimomab
Vepalimomab is a mouse monoclonal antibody developed for the treatment of inflammations....

 
mab mouse AOC3
AOC3
Amine oxidase, copper containing 3 , also known as semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase , is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AOC3 gene.- Function :...

 (VAP-1)
>-
| Vesencumab
Vesencumab
Vesencumab is an immunomodulator. It binds to neuropilin 1.- References :...

 
mab human NRP1  >-
| Visilizumab
Visilizumab
Visilizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody. It is being investigated for use as an immunosuppressive drug in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Visilizumab binds to the CD3 receptor on certain activated T cells without affecting resting T cells...

 
Nuvion mab humanized CD3  >-
| Volociximab
Volociximab
Volociximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody jointly developed by PDL BioPharma and Biogen Idec for treatment of a variety of advanced solid tumors. It binds to and inhibits the functional activity of α5β1 integrin....

 
mab chimeric integrin
Integrin
Integrins are receptors that mediate attachment between a cell and the tissues surrounding it, which may be other cells or the ECM. They also play a role in cell signaling and thereby regulate cellular shape, motility, and the cell cycle....

 α5β1
>-
| Votumumab
Votumumab
Technetium votumumab is a human monoclonal antibody labelled with the radionuclide technetium-99m. It was developed for the detection of colorectal tumors, but has never been marketed....

 
HumaSPECT mab human tumor antigen
Tumor antigen
Tumor antigen is an antigenic substance produced in tumor cells, i.e., it triggers an immune response in the host. Tumor antigens are useful in identifying tumor cells and are potential candidates for use in cancer therapy.- Mechanism of tumor antigenesis:...

 CTAA16.88
>-
| Zalutumumab
Zalutumumab
Zalutumumab is a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody directed towards the epidermal growth factor receptor . It is a product developed by Genmab in Utrecht, the Netherlands. Specifically, zalutumumab is designed for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck , a type of cancer...

 
HuMax-EGFr mab human EGFR
Epidermal growth factor receptor
The epidermal growth factor receptor is the cell-surface receptor for members of the epidermal growth factor family of extracellular protein ligands...

 
>-
| Zanolimumab
Zanolimumab
Zanolimumab is a human monoclonal antibody and an immunosuppressive drug. It is being developed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, melanoma, cutaneous and peripheral T-cell lymphoma. The drug is currently undergoing Phase II trials ....

 
HuMax-CD4 mab human CD4
CD4
CD4 is a glycoprotein expressed on the surface of T helper cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It was discovered in the late 1970s and was originally known as leu-3 and T4 before being named CD4 in 1984...

 
>-
| Ziralimumab 
mab human CD147 (basigin) >-
| Zolimomab aritox
Zolimomab aritox
Zolimomab aritox is a mouse monoclonal antibody which has been investigated for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus and graft-versus-host disease, but the studies failed to show positive effects of the drug....

 
mab mouse CD5
CD5 (protein)
CD5 is a cluster of differentiation found on a subset of IgM-secreting B cells called B-1 cells, and also on T cells. B-1 cells have limited diversity of their B-cell receptor due to their lack of the enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and are potentially self-reactive...

systemic lupus erythematosus, graft-versus-host disease
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