Africa

• Algeria
  Algeria
  Algeria , officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria , also formally referred to as the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of Northwest Africa with Algiers as its capital.In terms of land area, it is the largest country in Africa and the Arab...
  
  
  • President - Abdelaziz Bouteflika
    Abdelaziz Bouteflika
    Abdelaziz Bouteflika is the ninth President of Algeria. He has been in office since 1999. He continued emergency rule until 24 February 2011, and presided over the end of the bloody Algerian Civil War in 2002...
    
    , President of Algeria
    President of Algeria
    The President of Algeria is the head of state and chief executive of Algeria, as well as the Commander-in-Chief of the Algerian armed forces.-History of the office:...
    
     (1999–present)
  • Prime Minister - Ali Benflis
    Ali Benflis
    Ali Benflis is a politician in Algeria and former Prime Minister from 2000 to 2003. As of 2003, he is the general secretary of the National Liberation Front party. He was defeated in the Algerian presidential election of April 8, 2004 by President Abdelaziz Bouteflika, taking only 6.4% of the...
    
    , Prime Minister of Algeria
    Prime Minister of Algeria
    The Prime Minister is the head of government of Algeria.The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Algeria, along with other ministers and members of the government that the new Prime Minister recommends. The People's National Assembly must approve the legislative program of the new...
    
     (2000–2003)
• Angola
  Angola
  Angola, officially the Republic of Angola , is a country in south-central Africa bordered by Namibia on the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the north, and Zambia on the east; its west coast is on the Atlantic Ocean with Luanda as its capital city...
  
  
  • President - José Eduardo dos Santos
    José Eduardo dos Santos
    José Eduardo dos Santos is an Angolan politician who has been the second and current President of Angola since 1979. As President, José Eduardo dos Santos is also the commander in chief of the Angolan Armed Forces and president of the MPLA , the party that has been ruling Angola since...
    
    , President of Angola
    President of Angola
    The President of the Republic of Angola is both head of state and head of government in Angola. While the President appoints a Prime Minister, executive authority usually belongs to the President....
    
     (1979–present)
• Benin
  Benin
  Benin , officially the Republic of Benin, is a country in West Africa. It borders Togo to the west, Nigeria to the east and Burkina Faso and Niger to the north. Its small southern coastline on the Bight of Benin is where a majority of the population is located...
  
  
  • President - Mathieu Kérékou
    Mathieu Kérékou
    Mathieu Kérékou, was President of Benin from 1972 to 1991 and again from 1996 to 2006. After seizing power in a military coup, he ruled the country for 17 years, for most of that time under an officially Marxist-Leninist ideology, before he was stripped of his powers by the National Conference of...
    
    , President of Benin (1996–2006)
• Botswana
  Botswana
  Botswana, officially the Republic of Botswana , is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa. The citizens are referred to as "Batswana" . Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name after becoming independent within the Commonwealth on 30 September 1966...
  
  
  • President - Festus Mogae
    Festus Mogae
    Festus Gontebanye Mogae is a Botswana politician who was President of Botswana from 1998 to 2008. He succeeded Quett Masire as President in 1998 and was reelected in October 2004; after ten years in office, he stepped down in 2008 and was succeeded by Lieutenant General Ian Khama...
    
    , President of Botswana (1998–2008)
• Burkina Faso
  Burkina Faso
  Burkina Faso – also known by its short-form name Burkina – is a landlocked country in west Africa. It is surrounded by six countries: Mali to the north, Niger to the east, Benin to the southeast, Togo and Ghana to the south, and Côte d'Ivoire to the southwest.Its size is with an estimated...
  
  
  • President - Blaise Compaoré
    Blaise Compaoré
    Blaise Compaoré has been the President of Burkina Faso since 1987 following a coup d'état that ousted then-President Thomas Sankara. In 2011, a mutiny by soldiers over unpaid housing allowances forced him to flee the capital for his hometown...
    
    , President of Burkina Faso (1987–present)
  • Prime Minister - Paramanga Ernest Yonli
    Paramanga Ernest Yonli
    Paramanga Ernest Yonli, also known as Ernest Paramanga Yonli , is a Burkinabé politician and diplomat who was the Prime Minister of Burkina Faso from November 7, 2000 to June 11, 2007. Since January 2008, Yonli has been the Ambassador of Burkina Faso to the United States...
    
    , Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (2000–2007)
• Burundi
  Burundi
  Burundi , officially the Republic of Burundi , is a landlocked country in the Great Lakes region of Eastern Africa bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. Its capital is Bujumbura...
  
  
  • President - Pierre Buyoya
    Pierre Buyoya
    Major Pierre Buyoya is a Burundian politician who has ruled Burundi twice, from 1987 to 1993 and from 1996 to 2003...
    
    , President of Burundi (1996–2003)
• Cameroon
  Cameroon
  Cameroon, officially the Republic of Cameroon , is a country in west Central Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west; Chad to the northeast; the Central African Republic to the east; and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of the Congo to the south. Cameroon's coastline lies on the...
  
  
  • President - Paul Biya
    Paul Biya
    Paul Biya is a Cameroonian politician who has been the President of Cameroon since 6 November 1982. A native of Cameroon's south, Biya rose rapidly as a bureaucrat under President Ahmadou Ahidjo in the 1960s, serving as Secretary-General of the Presidency from 1968 to 1975 and then as Prime...
    
    , President of Cameroon (1982–present)
  • Prime Minister - Peter Mafany Musonge
    Peter Mafany Musonge
    Peter Mafany Musonge was the Prime Minister of Cameroon from September 1996 until December 8, 2004.-Biography:Musonge was born at Muea in the Fako Department of Cameroon's South-West Province...
    
    , Prime Minister of Cameroon
    Prime Minister of Cameroon
    Under the current constitution of Cameroon, the Prime Minister of Cameroon is a relatively powerless executive. While the Prime Minister is officially appointed to be the head of government, the President retains most of the executive power and can fire the Prime Minister at will.-History:The...
    
     (1996–2004)
• Cape Verde
  Cape Verde
  The Republic of Cape Verde is an island country, spanning an archipelago of 10 islands located in the central Atlantic Ocean, 570 kilometres off the coast of Western Africa...
  
  
  • President -
    1. António Mascarenhas Monteiro
       António Mascarenhas Monteiro
       António Manuel Mascarenhas Gomes Monteiro was the President of Cape Verde from March 22, 1991 to March 22, 2001.-Education:Monteiro went to university in Belgium and graduated with his law degree from the Catholic University of Leuven...
       
       , President of Cape Verde (1991–2001)
    2. Pedro Pires
       Pedro Pires
       Pedro Verona Rodrigues Pires was the President of Cape Verde from March 2001 to September 2011. Before becoming President, he was Prime Minister from 1975 to 1991....
       
       , President of Cape Verde (2001–2011)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Gualberto do Rosário
       Gualberto do Rosário
       Gualberto do Rosário was Prime Minister of Cape Verde from 29 July 2000 to 1 February 2001. Leader of the Movement for Democracy , do Rosário was acting PM from July to October 2000 and became PM thereafter....
       
       , Prime Minister of Cape Verde (2000–2001)
    2. José Maria Neves
       José Maria Neves
       José Maria Pereira Neves on the island of Santiago , is the Prime Minister of Cape Verde.“José Maria Neves became interested in the politics and government of Cape Verde as a teen-ager.” “He was the leader of a nationalist youth organization during the country’s transition from Portuguese rule to...
       
       , Prime Minister of Cape Verde (2001–present)
• Central African Republic
  Central African Republic
  The Central African Republic , is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It borders Chad in the north, Sudan in the north east, South Sudan in the east, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo in the south, and Cameroon in the west. The CAR covers a land area of about ,...
  
  
  • President - Ange-Félix Patassé
    Ange-Félix Patassé
    Ange-Félix Patassé was a Central African politician who was President of the Central African Republic from 1993 until 2003, when he was deposed by the rebel leader François Bozizé...
    
    , President of the Central African Republic (1993–2003)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Anicet Georges Dologuélé
       Anicet Georges Dologuélé
       Anicet Georges Dologuélé was Prime Minister of the Central African Republic from 4 January 1999 to 1 April 2001. He has been the President of the Development Bank of Central African States since 2001....
       
       , Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (1999–2001)
    2. Martin Ziguélé
       Martin Ziguélé
       Martin Ziguélé is a Central African politician who was Prime Minister of the Central African Republic from 2001 to 2003...
       
       , Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (2001–2003)
• Chad
  Chad
  Chad , officially known as the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west...
  
  
  • President - Idriss Déby
    Idriss Déby
    General Idriss Déby Itno is the President of Chad and the head of the Patriotic Salvation Movement. Déby is of the Bidyat clan of the Zaghawa ethnic group. He added "Itno" to his surname in January 2006.-Rise to power:...
    
    , President of Chad (1990–present)
  • Prime Minister - Nagoum Yamassoum
    Nagoum Yamassoum
    Nagoum Yamassoum is a Chadian politician. He was Prime Minister of Chad from 1999 to 2002 and Minister of State for Foreign Affairs from 2003 to 2005....
    
    , Prime Minister of Chad (1999–2002)
• Comoros
  Comoros
  The Comoros , officially the Union of the Comoros is an archipelago island nation in the Indian Ocean, located off the eastern coast of Africa, on the northern end of the Mozambique Channel, between northeastern Mozambique and northwestern Madagascar...
  
  
  • President - Azali Assoumani
    Azali Assoumani
    Azali Assoumani was a president of the Comoros. He became leader of the country on 30 April 1999 after leading a coup to depose acting president Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde, who he saw as pandering to the independence movement on Anjouan...
    
    , President of the Comoros (1999–2002)
  • Prime Minister - Hamada Madi
    Hamada Madi
    Hamada Madi, widely known as "Boléro", is a Comorian politician, former Prime Minister and interim President.Born on the island of Mohéli in 1965, he gained a degree in constitutional law in Ukraine and worked as a political adviser in Comoros, becoming secretary general of the Comoros Republican...
    
    , Prime Minister of the Comoros
    Heads of government of the Comoros
    -List of Heads of Government of the Comoros:-Affiliations:-See also:*Comoros**Heads of state of the Comoros**Colonial heads of the Comoros*Lists of office-holders...
    
     (2000–2002)
  • Anjouan
    Anjouan
    Anjouan is an autonomous island, part of the Union of Comoros. The island is located in the Indian Ocean. Its capital is Mutsamudu and its population as of 2006 is about 277,500. The total area of the island is 424 sq. kilometers Anjouan (also known as Ndzuwani or Nzwani) is an autonomous island,...
    
     (unrecognized secessionist state)
    • President -
      1. Said Abeid, President of Anjouan (1999–2001)
      2. Halidi Charif + Mohamed Bacar
         Mohamed Bacar
         Colonel Mohamed Bacar was President of Anjouan, one of the three autonomous islands that make up the Union of the Comoros, from 2001 to 2008. He is a former chief of police on Anjouan and has studied extensively in France and the United States. He was part of a military coup on Anjouan in August...
         
          + Hassan Ali Toilha, Presidium of Anjouan (2001)
      3. Mohamed Bacar
         Mohamed Bacar
         Colonel Mohamed Bacar was President of Anjouan, one of the three autonomous islands that make up the Union of the Comoros, from 2001 to 2008. He is a former chief of police on Anjouan and has studied extensively in France and the United States. He was part of a military coup on Anjouan in August...
         
         , President of Anjouan (2001–2007)
• Congo–Brazzaville (Republic of the Congo)
  Republic of the Congo
  The Republic of the Congo , sometimes known locally as Congo-Brazzaville, is a state in Central Africa. It is bordered by Gabon, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo , the Angolan exclave province of Cabinda, and the Gulf of Guinea.The region was dominated by...
  
  
  • President - Denis Sassou Nguesso
    Denis Sassou Nguesso
    Denis Sassou Nguesso is a Congolese politician who has been the President of Congo-Brazzaville since 1997; he was previously President from 1979 to 1992. During his first period as President, he headed the single-party regime of the Congolese Labour Party for 12 years...
    
    , President of the Republic of the Congo (1997–present)
• Congo–Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
  Democratic Republic of the Congo
  The Democratic Republic of the Congo is a state located in Central Africa. It is the second largest country in Africa by area and the eleventh largest in the world...
  
  

• • President -
    1. Laurent Kabila, President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1997–2001)
    2. Joseph Kabila
       Joseph Kabila
       Joseph Kabila Kabange is a Congolese politician who has been President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo since January 2001. He took office ten days after the assassination of his father, President Laurent-Désiré Kabila...
       
       , President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2001–present)
• Côte d'Ivoire
  Côte d'Ivoire
  The Republic of Côte d'Ivoire or Ivory Coast is a country in West Africa. It has an area of , and borders the countries Liberia, Guinea, Mali, Burkina Faso and Ghana; its southern boundary is along the Gulf of Guinea. The country's population was 15,366,672 in 1998 and was estimated to be...
  
  
  • President - Laurent Gbagbo
    Laurent Gbagbo
    Laurent Koudou Gbagbo served as the fourth President of Côte d'Ivoire from 2000 until his arrest in April 2011. A historian by profession, he is also an amateur chemist and physicist....
    
    , President of Côte d'Ivoire (2000–2011)
  • Prime Minister - Affi N'Guessan
    Affi N'Guessan
    Pascal Affi N'Guessan is an Ivorian politician who is currently the President of the Ivorian Popular Front . He was the Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire from 27 October 2000 to 10 February 2003....
    
    , Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire (2000–2003)
• Djibouti
  Djibouti
  Djibouti , officially the Republic of Djibouti , is a country in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Eritrea in the north, Ethiopia in the west and south, and Somalia in the southeast. The remainder of the border is formed by the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden at the east...
  
  
  • President - Ismaïl Omar Guelleh
    Ismail Omar Guelleh
    Ismaïl Omar Guelleh is the President of Djibouti. He succeeded his uncle, Hassan Gouled Aptidon, in 1999. He is often referred to in the region by his initials 'IOG'....
    
    , President of Djibouti (1999–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Barkat Gourad Hamadou
       Barkat Gourad Hamadou
       Barkat Gourad Hamadou was the Prime Minister of Djibouti from 2 October 1978 until 7 March 2001.-Political career:Hamadou is a member of the Afar ethnic group and was born in Dikhil Region, in the southwest of Djibouti...
       
       , Prime Minister of Djibouti (1978–2001)
    2. Dileita Mohamed Dileita
       Dileita Mohamed Dileita
       Dileita Mohamed Dileita has been the Prime Minister of Djibouti since March 2001. He is the Vice-President of the main governing party, the People's Rally for Progress , and is the President of the governing coalition, the Union for a Presidential Majority .-Biography:Dileita was born in Tadjoura...
       
       , Prime Minister of Djibouti (2001–present)
• Egypt
  Egypt
  Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...
  
  -
  • President - Hosni Mubarak
    Hosni Mubarak
    Muhammad Hosni Sayyid Mubarak is a former Egyptian politician and military commander. He served as the fourth President of Egypt from 1981 to 2011....
    
    , President of Egypt
    President of Egypt
    The President of the Arab Republic of Egypt is the head of state of Egypt.Under the Constitution of Egypt, the president is also the supreme commander of the armed forces and head of the executive branch of the Egyptian government....
    
     (1981–2011)
  • Prime Minister - Atef Ebeid
    Atef Ebeid
    Atef Muhammad Ebeid was the Prime Minister of Egypt from October 1999 to July 2004. President Hosni Mubarak invited him to form the new government after the parliamentary elections in 1999. Ebeid was sworn in on 5 October 1999, replacing Kamal Ganzouri.-Early career and Education:Dr...
    
    , Prime Minister of Egypt
    Prime Minister of Egypt
    The Prime Minister of Egypt is the head of the Egyptian government. According to the constitution, the prime minister is the leader of the largest political party in the Egyptian Parliament....
    
     (1999–2004)
• Equatorial Guinea
  Equatorial Guinea
  Equatorial Guinea, officially the Republic of Equatorial Guinea where the capital Malabo is situated.Annobón is the southernmost island of Equatorial Guinea and is situated just south of the equator. Bioko island is the northernmost point of Equatorial Guinea. Between the two islands and to the...
  
  
  • President - Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
    Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
    Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo is an Equatoguinean politician who has been President of Equatorial Guinea since 1979. He ousted his uncle, Francisco Macías Nguema, in an August 1979 military coup and has overseen Equatorial Guinea's emergence as an important oil producer, beginning in the 1990s...
    
    , President of Equatorial Guinea (1979–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Ángel Serafín Seriche Dougan
       Ángel Serafín Seriche Dougan
       Ángel Serafín Seriche Dougan was Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea from April 1, 1996 to March 4, 2001.Beginning in 2000, Dougan's government was subjected to serious criticism from the parliamentary majority with regard to allegations of corruption. This led to what was described as an...
       
       , Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (1996–2001)
    2. Cándido Muatetema Rivas
       Cándido Muatetema Rivas
       Cándido Muatetema Rivas is a political figure in Equatorial Guinea who was Prime Minister from 2001 to 2004.Rivas was born in Batepe, a village in southern Fernando Po near Luba. He was General Treasurer of the State from November 1991 to August 1993 and served in the government as Secretary of...
       
       , Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (2001–2004)
• Eritrea
  Eritrea
  Eritrea , officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa. Eritrea derives it's name from the Greek word Erethria, meaning 'red land'. The capital is Asmara. It is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast...
  
  
  • President - Isaias Afewerki
    Isaias Afewerki
    Isaias Afewerki is the first and current President of Eritrea, attaining that status when he led the Eritrean People's Liberation Front to victory in May 1991, thus ending the 30-year old armed liberation struggle that the Eritrean people refer to as "Gedli".-Early life and rise to power:Afewerki...
    
    , President of Eritrea
    Heads of state of Eritrea
    This page contains a list of the heads of state of Eritrea.-Presidents of Eritrea :-Affiliations:-External links:*...
    
     (1991–present)
• Ethiopia
  Ethiopia
  Ethiopia , officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is the second-most populous nation in Africa, with over 82 million inhabitants, and the tenth-largest by area, occupying 1,100,000 km2...
  
  
  • President -
    1. Negasso Gidada
       Negasso Gidada
       Dr. Negasso Gidada Solon was the President of Ethiopia from 1995 until 2001. He is the son of Gidada Solon, one of the first local ministers of the Protestant church in the Dembidolo area in western Ethiopia.Dr...
       
       , President of Ethiopia (1995–2001)
    2. Girma Wolde-Giorgis
       Girma Wolde-Giorgis
       Girma Wolde-Giorgis is the current President of Ethiopia.- Political career :He was elected President on 8 October 2001, as a relative unknown and a surprise choice, by a unanimous vote of the Ethiopian Parliament. The Ethiopian presidency is largely a symbolic office with little power...
       
       , President of Ethiopia (2001–present)
  • Prime Minister - Meles Zenawi
    Meles Zenawi
    Meles Zenawi Asres is the Prime Minister of Ethiopia. Since 1985, he has been chairman of the Tigrayan Peoples' Liberation Front , and is currently head of the ruling Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front .Meles was born in Adwa, Tigray in Northern Ethiopia, to an Ethiopian father from...
    
    , Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1995–present)
• Gabon
  Gabon
  Gabon , officially the Gabonese Republic is a state in west central Africa sharing borders with Equatorial Guinea to the northwest, Cameroon to the north, and with the Republic of the Congo curving around the east and south. The Gulf of Guinea, an arm of the Atlantic Ocean is to the west...
  
  
  • President - Omar Bongo
    Omar Bongo
    El Hadj Omar Bongo Ondimba , born as Albert-Bernard Bongo, was a Gabonese politician who was President of Gabon for 42 years from 1967 until his death in office in 2009....
    
    , President of Gabon (1967–2009)
  • Prime Minister - Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane
    Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane
    Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane is a Gabonese politician who was Prime Minister of Gabon from 23 January 1999 to 20 January 2006. Since 2008 he has been Mayor of Libreville, the capital....
    
    , Prime Minister of Gabon (1999–2006)
• The Gambia
  The Gambia
  The Republic of The Gambia, commonly referred to as The Gambia, or Gambia , is a country in West Africa. Gambia is the smallest country on mainland Africa, surrounded by Senegal except for a short coastline on the Atlantic Ocean in the west....
  
  
  • President - Yahya Jammeh
    Yahya Jammeh
    Alhaji Dr. Yahya Abdul-Aziz Jemus Junkung Jammeh is the President of The Gambia...
    
    , President of The Gambia
    Heads of state of the Gambia
    -Heads of State of The Gambia :-Affiliations:*PPP - People's Progressive Party*APRC - Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction*Mil - Military of the Gambia...
    
     (1994–present)
• Ghana
  Ghana
  Ghana , officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country located in West Africa. It is bordered by Côte d'Ivoire to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, Togo to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea to the south...
  
  
  • President -
    1. Jerry Rawlings
       Jerry Rawlings
       Jerry John Rawlings is a former leader of the Republic of Ghana and now the African Union envoy to Somalia. Rawlings ruled Ghana as a military dictator in 1979 and from 1981 to 1992 and then as the first elected president of the Fourth Republic from 1993 to 2001...
       
       , President of Ghana (1981–2001)
    2. John Kufuor
       John Kufuor
       John Kofi Agyekum Kufuor was the second president of the 4th Republic of Ghana and Chairperson of the African Union...
       
       , President of Ghana (2001–2009)
• Guinea
  Guinea
  Guinea , officially the Republic of Guinea , is a country in West Africa. Formerly known as French Guinea , it is today sometimes called Guinea-Conakry to distinguish it from its neighbour Guinea-Bissau. Guinea is divided into eight administrative regions and subdivided into thirty-three prefectures...
  
  
  • President - Lansana Conté
    Lansana Conté
    Lansana Conté was the second President of Guinea from 3 April 1984 until his death. He was a Muslim and a member of the Susu ethnic group.-Early life:...
    
    , President of Guinea (1984–2008)
  • Prime Minister - Lamine Sidimé
    Lamine Sidimé
    Lamine Sidimé is the President of the Supreme Court of Guinea. He was Prime Minister of Guinea from 1999 to 2004.Sidimé served as President of the Supreme Court before being appointed as Prime Minister by President Lansana Conte in March 1999, replacing Sidya Touré. After five years in office, he...
    
    , Prime Minister of Guinea (1999–2004)
• Guinea-Bissau
  Guinea-Bissau
  The Republic of Guinea-Bissau is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Senegal to the north, and Guinea to the south and east, with the Atlantic Ocean to its west....
  
  
  • President - Kumba Ialá
    Kumba Ialá
    Kumba Ialá, also spelled Yalá , is a Guinea-Bissau politician who was President of Guinea-Bissau from 17 February 2000 until he was deposed in a military coup on 14 September 2003. He belongs to the Balanta ethnic group and is the President of the Social Renewal Party...
    
    , President of Guinea-Bissau (2000–2003)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Caetano N'Tchama
       Caetano N'Tchama
       Caetano N'Tchama is a Guinea-Bissau politician and former Prime Minister. He held that position from 19 February 2000 to 19 March 2001 and is a member of the Social Renewal Party ....
       
       , Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (2000–2001)
    2. Faustino Imbali
       Faustino Imbali
       Faustino Fudut Imbali is a Guinea-Bissau politician who was Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau from 21 March 2001 to 9 December 2001.Imbali ran as an independent candidate in the November 1999 presidential election and placed third, winning 8.22% of the vote...
       
       , Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (2001)
    3. Alamara Nhassé
       Alamara Nhassé
       Alamara Ntchia Nhassé is a Guinea-Bissau politician, who was Prime Minister from 9 December 2001 to 17 November 2002. Nhassé is currently the President of the National Reconciliation Party; he previously led the Social Renewal Party ....
       
       , Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (2001–2002)
• Kenya
  Kenya
  Kenya , officially known as the Republic of Kenya, is a country in East Africa that lies on the equator, with the Indian Ocean to its south-east...
  
  
  • President - Daniel arap Moi
    Daniel arap Moi
    Daniel Toroitich arap Moi was the President of Kenya from 1978 until 2002.Daniel arap Moi is popularly known to Kenyans as 'Nyayo', a Swahili word for 'footsteps'...
    
    , President of Kenya (1978–2002)
• Lesotho
  Lesotho
  Lesotho , officially the Kingdom of Lesotho, is a landlocked country and enclave, surrounded by the Republic of South Africa. It is just over in size with a population of approximately 2,067,000. Its capital and largest city is Maseru. Lesotho is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. The name...
  
  
  • Monarch - Letsie III
    Letsie III of Lesotho
    Letsie III is the reigning king of Lesotho. He succeeded his father, Moshoeshoe II, when the latter was forced into exile in 1990. His father was briefly restored in 1995 but soon died in a car crash in early 1996, and Letsie became king again...
    
    , King of Lesotho (1996–present)
  • Prime Minister - Pakalitha Mosisili
    Pakalitha Mosisili
    Bethuel Pakalitha Mosisili has been the Prime Minister of Lesotho since May 29, 1998. He led his party, the Lesotho Congress for Democracy , to a near-total victory in the 1998 election, and under his leadership the party also won majorities in the 2002 and 2007 elections...
    
    , Prime Minister of Lesotho (1998–present)
• Liberia
  Liberia
  Liberia , officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Sierra Leone on the west, Guinea on the north and Côte d'Ivoire on the east. Liberia's coastline is composed of mostly mangrove forests while the more sparsely populated inland consists of forests that open...
  
  
  • President - Charles Taylor, President of Liberia (1997–2003)
• Libya
  • De facto Head of State - Muammar Gaddafi
    Muammar Gaddafi
    Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar Gaddafi or "September 1942" 20 October 2011), commonly known as Muammar Gaddafi or Colonel Gaddafi, was the official ruler of the Libyan Arab Republic from 1969 to 1977 and then the "Brother Leader" of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011.He seized power in a...
    
    , Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1969–2011)
  • Nominal Head of State - Muhammad az-Zanati, General Secretary of the General People's Congress of Libya (1992–2008)
  • Head of Government - Imbarek Shamekh
    Imbarek Shamekh
    Imbarek Shamekh was the Secretary General of the General People's Congress of Libya from 2009 to 2010. He was Prime Minister from 2000 to 2003.-Life:Shamekh was born on 15 May 1952 in Benghazi, Libya...
    
    , General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (2000–2003)
• Madagascar
  Madagascar
  The Republic of Madagascar is an island country located in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa...
  
  
  • President - Didier Ratsiraka
    Didier Ratsiraka
    Vice Admiral Didier Ratsiraka is a Malagasy politician who was President of Madagascar from 1975 to 1993 and from 1997 to 2002.-Second Republic:...
    
    , President of Madagascar (1997–2002)
  • Prime Minister - Tantely Andrianarivo
    Tantely Andrianarivo
    René Tantely Gabrio Andrianarivo was a politician in Madagascar. He was the Prime Minister of Madagascar from 23 July 1998 until 31 May 2002, under President Didier Ratsiraka....
    
    , Prime Minister of Madagascar
    Prime Minister of Madagascar
    This page contains a list of the Prime Ministers of Madagascar.-Prime Ministers of Madagascar :-Affiliations:*PSD - Social Democratic Party of Madagascar and the Comoros...
    
     (1998–2002)
• Malawi
  Malawi
  The Republic of Malawi is a landlocked country in southeast Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland. It is bordered by Zambia to the northwest, Tanzania to the northeast, and Mozambique on the east, south and west. The country is separated from Tanzania and Mozambique by Lake Malawi. Its size...
  
  
  • President - Bakili Muluzi
    Bakili Muluzi
    Elson Bakili Muluzi is a Malawian politician. He was the President of Malawi from 1994 to 2004 and was Chairman of the United Democratic Front until 2009.-Presidency:...
    
    , President of Malawi (1994–2004)
• Mali
  Mali
  Mali , officially the Republic of Mali , is a landlocked country in Western Africa. Mali borders Algeria on the north, Niger on the east, Burkina Faso and the Côte d'Ivoire on the south, Guinea on the south-west, and Senegal and Mauritania on the west. Its size is just over 1,240,000 km² with...
  
  
  • President - Alpha Oumar Konaré
    Alpha Oumar Konaré
    Alpha Oumar Konaré was the President of Mali for two five-year terms , and was Chairperson of the African Union Commission from 2003 to 2008.-Scholarly career:...
    
    , President of Mali (1992–2002)
  • Prime Minister - Mandé Sidibé
    Mandé Sidibé
    Mandé Sidibé was Prime Minister of Mali from 2000 to 2002 and Chairman of the Board of Directors of Ecobank from 2006 to 2009...
    
    , Prime Minister of Mali (2000–2002)
• Mauritania
  Mauritania
  Mauritania is a country in the Maghreb and West Africa. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean in the west, by Western Sahara in the north, by Algeria in the northeast, by Mali in the east and southeast, and by Senegal in the southwest...
  
  
  • President - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
    Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
    Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya , was Prime Minister of Mauritania from 1981 to 1984 and president from 1984 to 2005. He guided Mauritania from military rule to democracy, and took a pro-Western stance in foreign affairs...
    
    , President of Mauritania (1984–2005)
  • Prime Minister - Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna
    Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna
    Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna is a Mauritanian political figure. He was Prime Minister of Mauritania from 2 January 1996 to 18 December 1997, Minister of Foreign Affairs from 12 July 1998 to 16 November 1998, and Prime Minister again from 16 November 1998 to 6 July 2003 under President...
    
    , Prime Minister of Mauritania (1998–2003)
• Mauritius
  Mauritius
  Mauritius , officially the Republic of Mauritius is an island nation off the southeast coast of the African continent in the southwest Indian Ocean, about east of Madagascar...
  
  
  • President - Cassam Uteem
    Cassam Uteem
    Cassam Uteem is a Mauritian political figure who served as President of Mauritius from 30 June 1992 to 15 February 2002 and is the longest serving President of Mauritius, having served for nine years....
    
    , President of Mauritius (1992–2002)
  • Prime Minister - Sir Anerood Jugnauth
    Anerood Jugnauth
    Sir Anerood Jugnauth , KCMG, QC, GCSK, PC, LLB, GOLH, GOP, ORS is the President of Mauritius and all its dependencies...
    
    , Prime Minister of Mauritius (2000–2003)
• Mayotte
  Mayotte
  Mayotte is an overseas department and region of France consisting of a main island, Grande-Terre , a smaller island, Petite-Terre , and several islets around these two. The archipelago is located in the northern Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean, namely between northwestern Madagascar and...
  
   (French territorial collectivity until July 11, 2001 then French departmental collectivity)
  • Prefect -
    1. Pierre Bayle, Prefect of Mayotte (1998–2001)
    2. Philippe de Mester, Prefect of Mayotte (2001–2002)
  • President of the General Council - Younoussa Bamana
    Younoussa Bamana
    Younoussa Bamana was a politician from Mayotte who served in the French National Assembly from 1978-1981 .- references :*...
    
    , President of the General Council of Mayotte
    General Council of Mayotte
    Mayotte elects on territorial level a legislature. The General Council has 19 members, elected for a three year term in single seat constituencies.- Presidents of the General Council:* Younoussa Bamana : 6 July 1977 – March 1991...
    
     (1991–2004)
• Morocco
  Morocco
  Morocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country located in North Africa. It has a population of more than 32 million and an area of 710,850 km², and also primarily administers the disputed region of the Western Sahara...
  
  
  • Monarch - Mohammed VI
    Mohammed VI of Morocco
    Mohammed VI is the present King of Morocco and Amir al-Mu'minin . He ascended to the throne on 23 July 1999 upon the death of his father.-Education:...
    
    , King of Morocco (1999–present)
  • Prime Minister - Abderrahmane Youssoufi
    Abderrahmane Youssoufi
    Abderrahmane Youssoufi is a Moroccan politician who served as the Prime Minister of Morocco from 1998 to 2002.-Early life:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Morocco (1998–2002)
  • Western Sahara
    Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
    The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is a partially recognised state that claims sovereignty over the entire territory of Western Sahara, a former Spanish colony. SADR was proclaimed by the Polisario Front on February 27, 1976, in Bir Lehlu, Western Sahara. The SADR government controls about...
    
     (self-declared, partially recognized state)
    • President - Mohamed Abdelaziz
      Mohamed Abdelaziz
      Mohamed Abdelaziz is the 3rd and current Secretary General of the Polisario Front and President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic since 1976...
      
      , President of Western Sahara (1976–present)
    • Prime Minister - Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun
      Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun
      Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun is the Polisario Front representative for Spain, with a base in Madrid. He had been Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic twice. He studied Economics at the University of Havana, Cuba...
      
      , Prime Minister of Western Sahara (1999–2003)
• Mozambique
  Mozambique
  Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique , is a country in southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest...
  
  -
  • President - Joaquim Chissano
    Joaquim Chissano
    Joaquim Alberto Chissano served as the second President of Mozambique for nineteen years from 6 November 1986 until 2 February 2005. Since stepping down as president, Chissano has become an elder statesman and is called upon by international bodies, such as the United Nations, to be an envoy or...
    
    , President of Mozambique
    Heads of state of Mozambique
    -Presidents of Mozambique :-Affiliations:FRELIMO = Frente de Libertação de Moçambique...
    
     (1986–2005)
  • Prime Minister - Pascoal Mocumbi
    Pascoal Mocumbi
    Pascoal Manuel Mocumbi was the Prime Minister of Mozambique from 1994 until 2004. His traditional name was Mahykete. He is the son of Manuel Mocumbi Malume, deceased, and Leta Alson Cuhle.-Education:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Mozambique
    Heads of government of Mozambique
    -Prime Ministers of Mozambique :-Affiliations:FRELIMO = Frente da Libertação de Moçambique RENAMO = Resistencia Nacional Moçambicana -See also:*Colonial Heads of Mozambique*Heads...
    
     (1994–2004)
• Namibia
  Namibia
  Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia , is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Angola and Zambia to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east. It gained independence from South Africa on 21 March...
  
  
  • President - Sam Nujoma
    Sam Nujoma
    Samuel Daniel Shafiishuna Nujoma is a Namibian politician who was the first President of Namibia from 1990 to 2005. He led the South-West Africa People's Organisation in its long struggle against South African rule and took office as President when Namibia obtained independence on 21 March 1990...
    
    , President of Namibia (1990–2005)
  • Prime Minister - Hage Geingob
    Hage Geingob
    Hage Geingob is a Namibian politician who was the first Prime Minister of Namibia following its independence, serving from 1990 to 2002...
    
    , Prime Minister of Namibia
    Prime Minister of Namibia
    -Prime Ministers of Namibia :-See also:*Namibia**Politics of Namibia**List of colonial heads of Namibia **List of Presidents of Namibia...
    
     (1990–2002)
• Niger
  Niger
  Niger , officially named the Republic of Niger, is a landlocked country in Western Africa, named after the Niger River. It borders Nigeria and Benin to the south, Burkina Faso and Mali to the west, Algeria and Libya to the north and Chad to the east...
  
  
  • President - Mamadou Tandja, President of Niger (1999–2010)
  • Prime Minister - Hama Amadou
    Hama Amadou
    Hama Amadou is a Nigerien politician who was Prime Minister of Niger from 1995 to 1996 and again from 2000 to 2007. He was also Secretary-General of the National Movement for the Development of Society from 1991 to 2001 and President of the MNSD-Nassara from 2001 to 2009...
    
    , Prime Minister of Niger (2000–2007)
• Nigeria
  Nigeria
  Nigeria , officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal constitutional republic comprising 36 states and its Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The country is located in West Africa and shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in...
  
  
  • President - Olusegun Obasanjo, President of Nigeria (1999–2007)
• Rwanda
  Rwanda
  Rwanda or , officially the Republic of Rwanda , is a country in central and eastern Africa with a population of approximately 11.4 million . Rwanda is located a few degrees south of the Equator, and is bordered by Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo...
  
  
  • President - Paul Kagame
    Paul Kagame
    Paul Kagame is the sixth and current President of the Republic of Rwanda. He rose to prominence as the leader of the Rwandan Patriotic Front , whose victory over the incumbent government in July 1994 effectively ended the Rwandan genocide...
    
    , President of Rwanda (2000–present)
  • Prime Minister - Bernard Makuza
    Bernard Makuza
    Bernard Makuza is a Rwandan politician who was Prime Minister of Rwanda from 8 March 2000 to 6 October 2011. An ethnic Hutu, Makuza was a member of the Democratic Republican Movement before allegations were made that the party promoted genocide...
    
    , Prime Minister of Rwanda
    Prime Minister of Rwanda
    -List of Prime Ministers of Rwanda:-Affiliations:*Parmehutu - Party of the Hutu Emancipation Movement*MRND - National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development...
    
     (2000–2011)
• Saint Helena and Dependencies
  Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
  Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha is a British overseas territory and overseas territory of the European Union consisting of the islands of Saint Helena, Ascension Island and the Tristan da Cunha group...
  
   (British dependent territory)
  • Governor - David Hollamby, Governor of Saint Helena
    Governor of Saint Helena
    The Governor of Saint Helena is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha...
    
     (1999–2004)
• São Tomé and Príncipe
  São Tomé and Príncipe
  São Tomé and Príncipe, officially the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, is a Portuguese-speaking island nation in the Gulf of Guinea, off the western equatorial coast of Central Africa. It consists of two islands: São Tomé and Príncipe, located about apart and about , respectively, off...
  
  
  • President -
    1. Miguel Trovoada
       Miguel Trovoada
       Miguel dos Anjos da Cunha Lisboa Trovoada was Prime Minister and President of São Tomé and Príncipe. Currently he is the Executive Secretary of the Gulf of Guinea Commission.-Background:...
       
       , President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1995–2001)
    2. Fradique de Menezes
       Fradique de Menezes
       Fradique Bandeira Melo de Menezes was the President of São Tomé and Príncipe from 2003 to 2011.-Early life:Menezes was born on the then Portuguese colony of São Tomé in 1942, the son of a Portuguese man and a local woman. He attended high school in Portugal...
       
       , President of São Tomé and Príncipe (2001–2003)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Guilherme Posser da Costa
       Guilherme Posser da Costa
       Guilherme Posser da Costa was Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe from 1999 to 2001.Posser da Costa served as Minister of Foreign Affairs on three different occasions: 1987-1988, 1990-1991, and 1994-1996...
       
       , Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (1999–2002)
    2. Evaristo Carvalho, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (2001–2002)
• Senegal
  Senegal
  Senegal , officially the Republic of Senegal , is a country in western Africa. It owes its name to the Sénégal River that borders it to the east and north...
  
  
  • President - Abdoulaye Wade
    Abdoulaye Wade
    Abdoulaye Wade is the third and current President of Senegal, in office since 2000. He is also the Secretary-General of the Senegalese Democratic Party and has led the party since it was founded in 1974...
    
    , President of Senegal (2000–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Moustapha Niasse
       Moustapha Niasse
       Moustapha Niasse is a Senegalese politician and diplomat. He served in the government of Senegal as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1978 to 1984 and again from 1993 to 1998. He was Prime Minister of Senegal for a few weeks in 1983, and he held that position again from 2000 to 2001.-Political...
       
       , Prime Minister of Senegal
       Prime Minister of Senegal
       The Prime Minister of Senegal is the head of government of Senegal. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Senegal, who is directly elected for a five year term. The Prime Minister, in turn, appoints the Senegalese cabinet, after consultation with the President.This is a list of the...
       
        (2000–2001)
    2. Mame Madior Boye
       Mame Madior Boye
       Mame Madior Boye was Prime Minister of Senegal from 2001 to 2002. She was the first and so far only female holder of that position.Boye was born in Saint-Louis...
       
       , Prime Minister of Senegal
       Prime Minister of Senegal
       The Prime Minister of Senegal is the head of government of Senegal. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Senegal, who is directly elected for a five year term. The Prime Minister, in turn, appoints the Senegalese cabinet, after consultation with the President.This is a list of the...
       
        (2001–2002)
• Seychelles
  Seychelles
  Seychelles , officially the Republic of Seychelles , is an island country spanning an archipelago of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean, some east of mainland Africa, northeast of the island of Madagascar....
  
  
  • President - France-Albert René
    France-Albert René
    France-Albert René was the long-time socialist President of Seychelles from 1977 to 2004. He is known by government officials and party members as "the Boss". His name is often given as simply Albert René or F.A...
    
    , President of Seychelles (1977–2004)
• Sierra Leone
  Sierra Leone
  Sierra Leone , officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Guinea to the north and east, Liberia to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west and southwest. Sierra Leone covers a total area of and has an estimated population between 5.4 and 6.4...
  
  
  • President - Ahmad Tejan Kabbah
    Ahmad Tejan Kabbah
    Alhaji Ahmad Tejan Kabbah served as President of Sierra Leone from 1996 to 1997 and again from 1998 to 2007.He worked for the United Nations Development Programme and returned to Sierra Leone in 1992...
    
    , President of Sierra Leone (1998–2007)
• Somalia
  Somalia
  Somalia , officially the Somali Republic and formerly known as the Somali Democratic Republic under Socialist rule, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. Since the outbreak of the Somali Civil War in 1991 there has been no central government control over most of the country's territory...
  
  
  • President - Abdiqasim Salad Hassan
    Abdiqasim Salad Hassan
    Dr Abdiqasim Salad Hassan is a prominent Somali politician. He was President of Somalia from 2001 to 2004, and previously served as Interior Minister and Finance Minister in the government of Mohamed Siad Barre.-Biography:...
    
    , President of Somalia (2000–2004)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Ali Khalif Galaydh, Prime Minister of Somalia
       Prime Minister of Somalia
       This page contains a list of the Prime Ministers of Somalia.-Prime Ministers of Somalia :-Affiliations:*SYL - Somali Youth League*SNL - Somali National League...
       
        (2000–2001)
    2. Osman Jama Ali
       Osman Jama Ali
       Osman Jama Ali is a Somali politician. He briefly served as Prime Minister of Somalia under the Transitional National Government from October 28, 2001 to November 12, 2001.-Notes:...
       
       , Acting Prime Minister of Somalia
       Prime Minister of Somalia
       This page contains a list of the Prime Ministers of Somalia.-Prime Ministers of Somalia :-Affiliations:*SYL - Somali Youth League*SNL - Somali National League...
       
        (2001)
    3. Hassan Abshir Farah, Prime Minister of Somalia
       Prime Minister of Somalia
       This page contains a list of the Prime Ministers of Somalia.-Prime Ministers of Somalia :-Affiliations:*SYL - Somali Youth League*SNL - Somali National League...
       
        (2001–2003)
  • Somaliland
    Somaliland
    Somaliland is an unrecognised self-declared sovereign state that is internationally recognised as an autonomous region of Somalia. The government of Somaliland regards itself as the successor state to the British Somaliland protectorate, which was independent for a few days in 1960 as the State of...
    
     (unrecognized secessionist state)
    • President - Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, President of Somaliland (1993–2002)
  • Puntland
    Puntland
    Puntland , officially the Puntland State of Somalia , is a region in northeastern Somalia, centered on Garowe in the Nugaal province. Its leaders declared the territory an autonomous state in 1998....
    
     (self-declared autonomous state, de facto independent)
    • President -
      1. Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed
         Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed
         Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed is a veteran Somali politician. He is one of the founders of the Somali Salvation Democratic Front, as well as the Puntland State of Somalia, where he served as the autonomous region's first President...
         
         , President of Puntland (1998–2001)
      2. Yusuf Haji Nur
         Yusuf Haji Nur
         Yusuf Haji Nur is a Somali politician. He was the acting President of Puntland from July 1, 2001 to November 14, 2001.-References:...
         
         , Acting President of Puntland (2001)
      3. Jama Ali Jama
         Jama Ali Jama
         Jama Ali Jama is a Somali politician, and President of Puntland from November 14, 2001 to May 8, 2002.-Biography:Jama was a former colonel in the Somali military, and was imprisoned for 11 years during the reign of Mohamed Siad Barre after having been accused of trying to overthrow the latter.He...
         
         , President of Puntland (2001–2002)
• South Africa
  South Africa
  The Republic of South Africa is a country in southern Africa. Located at the southern tip of Africa, it is divided into nine provinces, with of coastline on the Atlantic and Indian oceans...
  
  
  • President - Thabo Mbeki
    Thabo Mbeki
    Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki is a South African politician who served two terms as the second post-apartheid President of South Africa from 14 June 1999 to 24 September 2008. He is also the brother of Moeletsi Mbeki...
    
    , President of South Africa (1999–2008)
• Sudan
  Sudan
  Sudan , officially the Republic of the Sudan , is a country in North Africa, sometimes considered part of the Middle East politically. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the...
  
  
  • President - Omar al-Bashir
    Omar al-Bashir
    Lieutenant General Omar Hassan Ahmad Al-Bashir is the current President of Sudan and the head of the National Congress Party. He came to power in 1989 when he, as a brigadier in the Sudanese army, led a group of officers in a bloodless military coup that ousted the government of Prime Minister...
    
    , President of Sudan (1989–present)
• Swaziland
  Swaziland
  Swaziland, officially the Kingdom of Swaziland , and sometimes called Ngwane or Swatini, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa, bordered to the north, south and west by South Africa, and to the east by Mozambique...
  
  
  • Monarch - Mswati III
    Mswati III of Swaziland
    Mswati III is the King of Swaziland and head of the Swazi Royal Family. In 1986, he succeeded his father Sobhuza II as ruler of the southern African kingdom...
    
    , King of Swaziland (1986–present)
  • Prime Minister - Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini
    Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini
    Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini is Prime Minister of Swaziland. He was Prime Minister from 1996 to 2003 and has held the position again since October 2008....
    
    , Prime Minister of Swaziland (1996–2003)
• Tanzania
  Tanzania
  The United Republic of Tanzania is a country in East Africa bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north, Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west, and Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique to the south. The country's eastern borders lie on the Indian Ocean.Tanzania is a state...
  
  
  • President - Benjamin Mkapa
    Benjamin Mkapa
    Benjamin William Mkapa was the third President of the United Republic of Tanzania and former Chairman for the Revolutionary State Party .-Biography:...
    
    , President of Tanzania (1995–2005)
  • Prime Minister - Frederick Sumaye
    Frederick Sumaye
    Frederick Tluway Sumaye is the former Prime Minister of Tanzania. He was Prime Minister since the first multi-party elections on 28 November 1995 until 30 December 2005. After leaving office, in 2006 he enrolled for a year as a mid-career student in the Edward S. Mason Program at the John F...
    
    , Prime Minister of Tanzania (1995–2005)
• Togo
  Togo
  Togo, officially the Togolese Republic , is a country in West Africa bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. It extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, on which the capital Lomé is located. Togo covers an area of approximately with a population of approximately...
  
  
  • President - Gnassingbé Eyadéma
    Gnassingbé Eyadéma
    General Gnassingbé Eyadéma , was the President of Togo from 1967 until his death in 2005. He participated in two successful military coups, in January 1963 and January 1967, and became President on April 14, 1967...
    
    , President of Togo (1967–2005)
  • Prime Minister - Agbéyomé Kodjo
    Agbeyome Kodjo
    Messan Agbéyomé Gabriel Kodjo is a Togolese politician who served as Prime Minister of Togo from 29 August 2000 to 27 June 2002.-Political career:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Togo (2000–2002)
• Tunisia
  Tunisia
  Tunisia , officially the Tunisian RepublicThe long name of Tunisia in other languages used in the country is: , is the northernmost country in Africa. It is a Maghreb country and is bordered by Algeria to the west, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Its area...
  
  
  • President - Zine El Abidine Ben Ali
    Zine El Abidine Ben Ali
    Zine El Abidine Ben Ali is a Tunisian political figure who was the second President of Tunisia from 1987 to 2011. Ben Ali was appointed Prime Minister in October 1987, and he assumed the Presidency on 7 November 1987 in a bloodless coup d'état that ousted President Habib Bourguiba, who was...
    
    , President of Tunisia (1987–2011)
  • Prime Minister - Mohamed Ghannouchi
    Mohamed Ghannouchi
    Mohamed Ghannouchi was the Prime Minister of Tunisia and was self-proclaimed acting President of the country for a few hours starting 14 January 2011, under Article 56 of the Constitution of Tunisia...
    
    , Prime Minister of Tunisia
    Prime Minister of Tunisia
    The Prime Minister of the Tunisian Republic is the head of government of Tunisia. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Tunisia...
    
     (1999–2011)
• Uganda
  Uganda
  Uganda , officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country in East Africa. Uganda is also known as the "Pearl of Africa". It is bordered on the east by Kenya, on the north by South Sudan, on the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, on the southwest by Rwanda, and on the south by...
  
  
  • President - Yoweri Museveni
    Yoweri Museveni
    Yoweri Kaguta Museveni is a Ugandan politician and statesman. He has been President of Uganda since 26 January 1986.Museveni was involved in the war that deposed Idi Amin Dada, ending his rule in 1979, and in the rebellion that subsequently led to the demise of the Milton Obote regime in 1985...
    
    , President of Uganda (1986–present)
  • Prime Minister - Apolo Nsibambi
    Apolo Nsibambi
    Apolo Robin Nsibambi is a Ugandan academic and politician who was Prime Minister of Uganda from 5 April 1999 until 24 May 2011. He was succeeded as Prime Minister by Amama Mbabazi on 24 May 2011.-Background:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Uganda
    Prime Minister of Uganda
    -List of Prime Ministers of Uganda:-Affiliations:-See also:*Uganda*President of Uganda*Vice President of Uganda*Politics of Uganda*History of Uganda*Political parties of Uganda...
    
     (1999–2011)
• Zambia
  Zambia
  Zambia , officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. The neighbouring countries are the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Tanzania to the north-east, Malawi to the east, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana and Namibia to the south, and Angola to the west....
  
  
  • President - Frederick Chiluba
    Frederick Chiluba
    Frederick Jacob Titus Chiluba was a Zambian politician who was the second President of Zambia from 1991 to 2002. Chiluba, a trade union leader, won the country's multi-party presidential election in 1991 as the candidate of the Movement for Multiparty Democracy , defeating long-time President...
    
    , President of Zambia (1991–2002)
• Zimbabwe
  Zimbabwe
  Zimbabwe is a landlocked country located in the southern part of the African continent, between the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers. It is bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the southwest, Zambia and a tip of Namibia to the northwest and Mozambique to the east. Zimbabwe has three...
  
  
  • President - Robert Mugabe
    Robert Mugabe
    Robert Gabriel Mugabe is the President of Zimbabwe. As one of the leaders of the liberation movement against white-minority rule, he was elected into power in 1980...
    
    , President of Zimbabwe (1987–present)

Asia

• Afghanistan
  Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
  The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan was founded in 1996 when the Taliban began their rule of Afghanistan and ended with their fall from power in 2001...
  
  -
  • Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
    Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
    The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan was founded in 1996 when the Taliban began their rule of Afghanistan and ended with their fall from power in 2001...
    
     superseded by the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
    Afghanistan
    Afghanistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of , making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world...
    
     on 13 November 2001
  • Taliban -
    • Head of State (de jure) -
    1. Mohammed Omar
       Mohammed Omar
       Mullah Mohammed Omar , often simply called Mullah Omar, is the leader of the Taliban movement that operates in Afghanistan. He was Afghanistan's de facto head of state from 1996 to late 2001, under the official title "Head of the Supreme Council"...
       
       , Chairman of the Supreme Council of Afghanistan (1996–2001)
    2. Abdul Kabir
       Abdul Kabir
       Maulavi Mohammed Abdul Kabir is a senior member of the Taliban leadership.The United Nations reports that he was Second Deputy of the Taliban's Council of Ministers; Governor of Nangarhar Province; and Head of the Eastern Zone....
       
       , Acting Chairman of the Supreme Council of Afghanistan (2001)
  • Afghan Northern Alliance -
    • Head of State -
      1. Burhanuddin Rabbani
         Burhanuddin Rabbani
         Professor Burhanuddin Rabbani was President of the Islamic State of Afghanistan from 1992 to 1996. After the Taliban government was toppled during Operation Enduring Freedom, Rabbani returned to Kabul and served as a temporary President from November to December 20, 2001, when Hamid Karzai was...
         
         , President of Afghanistan
         President of Afghanistan
         Afghanistan has only been a republic between 1973 and 1992 and from 2001 onwards. Before 1973, it was a monarchy that was governed by a variety of kings, emirs or shahs...
         
          (1992–2001) (in exile)
      2. Hamid Karzai
         Hamid Karzai
         Hamid Karzai, GCMG is the 12th and current President of Afghanistan, taking office on 7 December 2004. He became a dominant political figure after the removal of the Taliban regime in late 2001...
         
         , President of Afghanistan
         President of Afghanistan
         Afghanistan has only been a republic between 1973 and 1992 and from 2001 onwards. Before 1973, it was a monarchy that was governed by a variety of kings, emirs or shahs...
         
          (2001–present)
• Bahrain
  Bahrain
  ' , officially the Kingdom of Bahrain , is a small island state near the western shores of the Persian Gulf. It is ruled by the Al Khalifa royal family. The population in 2010 stood at 1,214,705, including 235,108 non-nationals. Formerly an emirate, Bahrain was declared a kingdom in 2002.Bahrain is...
  
  -
  • Monarch - Sheikh Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifa, Emir of Bahrain
    King of Bahrain
    The King of Bahrain ‎ is the monarch and head of state of Bahrain. Between 1783 and 1971, the Bahraini monarch held the title of Hakim, and, from 1971 until 2002, the title of Emir...
    
     (1999–present)
  • Prime Minister - Sheikh Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa, Prime Minister of Bahrain
    Prime Minister of Bahrain
    In Bahrain, the Prime Minister is the head of government of the country. According to the Constitution of Bahrain, the Prime Minister is appointed directly by the King, and needs not be an elected member of the Council of Representatives....
    
     (1970–present)
• Bangladesh
  Bangladesh
  Bangladesh , officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh is a sovereign state located in South Asia. It is bordered by India on all sides except for a small border with Burma to the far southeast and by the Bay of Bengal to the south...
  
  -
  • President -
    1. Shahabuddin Ahmed
       Shahabuddin Ahmed
       Shahabuddin Ahmed is a former president and Chief Justice of Bangladesh. Justice Shahabuddin Ahmed took over the office of President after a popular uprising against President Hossain Mohammad Ershad in 1991. After the resumption of democracy, he returned to his duties as the Chief Justice...
       
       , President of Bangladesh (1996–2001)
    2. A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury
       A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury
       Dr A.Q.M. Badruddoza Chowdhury was the 15th president of Bangladesh and founding secretary-general of Bangladesh Nationalist Party.-Early life:...
       
       , President of Bangladesh (2001–2002)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Sheikh Hasina
       Sheikh Hasina
       Sheikh Hasina is a Bangladeshi politician and current Prime Minister of Bangladesh. She has been the President of the Awami League, a major political party, since 1981. She is the eldest of five children of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the founding father of Bangladesh and widow of a reputed nuclear...
       
       , Prime Minister of Bangladesh
       Prime Minister of Bangladesh
       The Prime Minister of the People's Republic of Bangladesh is the Head of the Government of Bangladesh. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Jatiya Sangsad Parliament, to their political party and ultimately to the electorate...
       
        (1996–2001)
    2. Latifur Rahman
       Latifur Rahman
       Latifur Rahman was the Chief Justice and the Chief Adviser of Bangladesh. He was born in Jessore on 1 March 1936. In 1979 he became the Justice as temporary basis in the High Court Division in Bangladesh. In 1981 he became the permanent Justice in the same court division...
       
       , Chief Adviser of Bangladesh
       Prime Minister of Bangladesh
       The Prime Minister of the People's Republic of Bangladesh is the Head of the Government of Bangladesh. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Jatiya Sangsad Parliament, to their political party and ultimately to the electorate...
       
        (2001)
    3. Khaleda Zia
       Khaleda Zia
       Begum Khaleda Zia is the former First Lady of Bangladesh , and then Prime Minister of Bangladesh, having served from 1991 to 1996, becoming the first woman in the country's history and second in the Muslim world to head a democratic government as prime minister. She served again from 2001 until...
       
       , Prime Minister of Bangladesh
       Prime Minister of Bangladesh
       The Prime Minister of the People's Republic of Bangladesh is the Head of the Government of Bangladesh. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Jatiya Sangsad Parliament, to their political party and ultimately to the electorate...
       
        (2001–2006)
• Bhutan
  Bhutan
  Bhutan , officially the Kingdom of Bhutan, is a landlocked state in South Asia, located at the eastern end of the Himalayas and bordered to the south, east and west by the Republic of India and to the north by the People's Republic of China...
  
  
  • Monarch - Jigme Singye Wangchuck
    Jigme Singye Wangchuck
    Jigme Singye Wangchuck is the former King of Bhutan. He was the fourth Dragon King of Bhutan from 1972 until his abdication in favour of his eldest son, Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, in 2006...
    
    , King of Bhutan (1972–2006)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Yeshey Zimba, Prime Minister of Bhutan (2000–2001)
    2. Khandu Wangchuk, Prime Minister of Bhutan (2001–2002)
• Brunei
  Brunei
  Brunei , officially the State of Brunei Darussalam or the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace , is a sovereign state located on the north coast of the island of Borneo, in Southeast Asia...
  
  
  • Monarch - Hassanal Bolkiah
    Hassanal Bolkiah
    General Haji Sir Hassan al-Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah GCB GCMG is the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam, the 29th Sultan of Brunei and the first Prime Minister of Brunei Darussalam...
    
    , Sultan of Brunei (1967–present)
  • Prime Minister - Hassanal Bolkiah
    Hassanal Bolkiah
    General Haji Sir Hassan al-Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah GCB GCMG is the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam, the 29th Sultan of Brunei and the first Prime Minister of Brunei Darussalam...
    
    , Prime Minister of Brunei
    Prime Minister of Brunei
    The Prime Minister of Brunei is a title held by the Sultan of Brunei. As the prime minister, the Sultan presides over the cabinet.As of 2011, the post is held by Hassanal Bolkiah....
    
     (1984–present)
• Cambodia
  Cambodia
  Cambodia , officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia...
  
  
  • Monarch - Norodom Sihanouk
    Norodom Sihanouk
    Norodom Sihanouk regular script was the King of Cambodia from 1941 to 1955 and again from 1993 until his semi-retirement and voluntary abdication on 7 October 2004 in favor of his son, the current King Norodom Sihamoni...
    
    , King of Cambodia
    King of Cambodia
    The King of Cambodia is the head of state of the Kingdom of Cambodia. The King's power is limited to that of a symbolic figurehead to whom people are to give love and respect...
    
     (1993–2004)
  • Prime Minister - Hun Sen
    Hun Sen
    Hun Sen is the current Prime Minister of Cambodia.He has been the sole leader of the Cambodian People's Party , which has governed Cambodia since the Vietnamese-backed overthrow of the Khmer Rouge in 1979...
    
    , Prime Minister of Cambodia
    Prime Minister of Cambodia
    The Prime Minister of Cambodia , is the head of government of the Kingdom of Cambodia. Prime Minister is appointed by the King under Article 119 of the Constitution and is responsible for leading the government of the Kingdom.-Constitutional powers:The powers of the Prime Minister are established...
    
     (1985–present)
• China (People's Republic of China)
  People's Republic of China
  China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
  
  -
  • Communist Party Leader - Jiang Zemin
    Jiang Zemin
    Jiang Zemin is a former Chinese politician, who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of China from 1989 to 2002, as President of the People's Republic of China from 1993 to 2003, and as Chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2005...
    
    , General Secretary of the Communist Party of China
    General Secretary of the Communist Party of China
    The General Secretary of the Communist Party of China , officially General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, is the highest ranking official within the Communist Party of China, a standing member of the Politburo and head of the Secretariat...
    
     (1989–2002)
  • President - Jiang Zemin
    Jiang Zemin
    Jiang Zemin is a former Chinese politician, who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of China from 1989 to 2002, as President of the People's Republic of China from 1993 to 2003, and as Chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2005...
    
    , President of the People's Republic of China
    President of the People's Republic of China
    The President of the People's Republic of China is a ceremonial office and a part of State organs under the National People's Congress and it is the head of state of the People's Republic of China . The office was created by the 1982 Constitution...
    
     (1993–2003)
  • Premier - Zhu Rongji
    Zhu Rongji
    Zhū Róngjī is a prominent Chinese politician who served as the Mayor and Party chief in Shanghai between 1987 and 1991, before serving as Vice-Premier and then the fifth Premier of the People's Republic of China from March 1998 to March 2003.A tough administrator, his time in office saw the...
    
    , Premier of the People's Republic of China
    Premier of the People's Republic of China
    The Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China , sometimes also referred to as the "Prime Minister" informally, is the Leader of the State Council of the People's Republic of China , who is the head of government and holds the highest-ranking of the Civil service of the...
    
     (1998–2003)
• East Timor (under UN administration)
  United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor
  The United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor provided an interim civil administration and a peacekeeping mission in the territory of East Timor, from its establishment on October 25, 1999 until its independence on May 20, 2002 following the outcome of the East Timor Special...
  
  
  • Special Representative - Sérgio Vieira de Mello
    Sérgio Vieira de Mello
    Sérgio Vieira de Mello was a Brazilian United Nations employee who worked for the UN for more than 34 years, earning respect and praise around the world for his efforts in the humanitarian and political programs of the UN...
    
    , Special Representative of the Secretary-General for East Timor (1999–2002)
  • Chief Minister - Mari Alkatiri
    Mari Alkatiri
    Mari Bim Amude Alkatiri was the first Prime Minister of an internationally-recognized East Timor. He served from May 2002 until he resigned on 26 June 2006 following weeks of political unrest in the country...
    
    , Chief Minister of East Timor (2001–2006)
• India
  India
  India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
  
  
  • President - K. R. Narayanan
    K. R. Narayanan
    Kocheril Raman Narayanan , also known as K. R. Narayanan, was the tenth President of India. He was the first Dalit, and the first Malayali, to have been President....
    
    , President of India
    President of India
    The President of India is the head of state and first citizen of India, as well as the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces. President of India is also the formal head of all the three branches of Indian Democracy - Legislature, Executive and Judiciary...
    
     (1997–2002)
  • Prime Minister - Atal Bihari Vajpayee
    Atal Bihari Vajpayee
    Atal Bihari Vajpayee is an Indian statesman who served as the tenth Prime Minister of India three times – first for a brief term of 13 days in 1996, and then for two terms from 1998 to 2004. After his first brief period as Prime Minister in 1996, Vajpayee headed a coalition government from...
    
    , Prime Minister of India
    Prime Minister of India
    The Prime Minister of India , as addressed to in the Constitution of India — Prime Minister for the Union, is the chief of government, head of the Council of Ministers and the leader of the majority party in parliament...
    
     (1998–2004)
• Indonesia
  Indonesia
  Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
  
  -
  1. Abdurrahman Wahid
     Abdurrahman Wahid
     Abdurrahman Wahid, born Abdurrahman Addakhil , colloquially known as , was an Indonesian Muslim religious and political leader who served as the President of Indonesia from 1999 to 2001...
     
     , President of Indonesia (1999–2001)
  2. Megawati Sukarnoputri
     Megawati Sukarnoputri
     In this Indonesian name, the name "Sukarnoputri" is a patronymic, not a family name, and the person should be referred to by the given name "Megawati"....
     
     , President of Indonesia (2001–2004)
• Iran
  Iran
  Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
  
  -
  • Supreme Leader - Ali Khamenei
    Ali Khamenei
    Ayatollah Seyed Ali Hoseyni Khāmene’i is the Supreme Leader of Iran and the figurative head of the Muslim conservative establishment in Iran and Twelver Shi'a marja...
    
    , Supreme Leader of Iran
    Supreme Leader of Iran
    The Supreme Leader of Iran is the highest ranking political and religious authority in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The post was established by the constitution in accordance with the concept of Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists...
    
     (1989–present)
  • President - Mohammad Khatami
    Mohammad Khatami
    Sayyid Mohammad Khātamī is an Iranian scholar, philosopher, Shiite theologian and Reformist politician. He served as the fifth President of Iran from August 2, 1997 to August 3, 2005. He also served as Iran's Minister of Culture in both the 1980s and 1990s...
    
    , President of Iran
    President of Iran
    The President of Iran is the highest popularly elected official in, and the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Iran; although subordinate to the Supreme Leader of Iran, who functions as the country's head of state...
    
     (1997–2005)
• Iraq
  Ba'athist Iraq
  The History of Iraq , referred to as Ba'athist Iraq, covers the period of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party's rule over Iraq. Ba'athist rule in Iraq first occurred briefly in 1963 under Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr until overthrown that same year. Ba'athism was restored to power five years later after...
  
  -
  • President - Saddam Hussein
    Saddam Hussein
    Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti was the fifth President of Iraq, serving in this capacity from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003...
    
    , President of Iraq
    President of Iraq
    The President of Iraq is the head of state of Iraq and "safeguards the commitment to the Constitution and the preservation of Iraq's independence, sovereignty, unity, the security of its territories in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution." The President is elected by the Council of...
    
     (1979–2003)
  • Prime Minister - Saddam Hussein
    Saddam Hussein
    Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti was the fifth President of Iraq, serving in this capacity from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003...
    
    , Prime Minister of Iraq
    Prime Minister of Iraq
    The Prime Minister of Iraq is Iraq's head of government. Prime Minister was originally an appointed office, subsidiary to the head of state, and the nominal leader of the Iraqi parliament. Under the newly adopted constitution the Prime Minister is to be the country's active executive authority...
    
     (1994–2003)
• Israel
  Israel
  The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...
  
  -
  • President - Moshe Katsav
    Moshe Katsav
    Moshe Katsav is an Israeli politician. He served as the eighth President of Israel, a leading Likud member of the Israeli Knesset, and a Cabinet Minister in its government....
    
    , President of Israel
    President of Israel
    The President of the State of Israel is the head of state of Israel. The position is largely an apolitical ceremonial figurehead role, with the real executive power lying in the hands of the Prime Minister. The current president is Shimon Peres who took office on 15 July 2007...
    
     (2000–2007)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Ehud Barak
       Ehud Barak
       Ehud Barak is an Israeli politician who served as Prime Minister from 1999 until 2001. He was leader of the Labor Party until January 2011 and holds the posts of Minister of Defense and Deputy Prime Minister in Binyamin Netanyahu's government....
       
       , Prime Minister of Israel
       Prime Minister of Israel
       The Prime Minister of Israel is the head of the Israeli government and the most powerful political figure in Israel . The prime minister is the country's chief executive. The official residence of the prime minister, Beit Rosh Hamemshala is in Jerusalem...
       
        (1999–2001)
    2. Ariel Sharon
       Ariel Sharon
       Ariel Sharon is an Israeli statesman and retired general, who served as Israel’s 11th Prime Minister. He has been in a permanent vegetative state since suffering a stroke on 4 January 2006....
       
       , Prime Minister of Israel
       Prime Minister of Israel
       The Prime Minister of Israel is the head of the Israeli government and the most powerful political figure in Israel . The prime minister is the country's chief executive. The official residence of the prime minister, Beit Rosh Hamemshala is in Jerusalem...
       
        (2001–2006)
  • Palestinian Authority (non-state administrative authority)
    • President - Yasser Arafat
      Yasser Arafat
      Mohammed Yasser Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini , popularly known as Yasser Arafat or by his kunya Abu Ammar , was a Palestinian leader and a Laureate of the Nobel Prize. He was Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization , President of the Palestinian National Authority...
      
      , President of the Palestinian Authority (1994–2004)
• Japan
  Japan
  Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
  
  
  • Monarch - Akihito
    Akihito
    is the current , the 125th emperor of his line according to Japan's traditional order of succession. He acceded to the throne in 1989.-Name:In Japan, the emperor is never referred to by his given name, but rather is referred to as "His Imperial Majesty the Emperor" which may be shortened to . In...
    
    , Emperor of Japan (1989–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Yoshirō Mori
       Yoshiro Mori
       is a Japanese politician who served as the 85th and 86th Prime Minister of Japan starting at 5 April 2000 ending 26 April 2001. Described as having "the heart of a flea and the brain of a shark," he was an unpopular prime minister mainly remembered today for his many gaffes and situationally...
       
       , Prime Minister of Japan
       Prime Minister of Japan
       The is the head of government of Japan. He is appointed by the Emperor of Japan after being designated by the Diet from among its members, and must enjoy the confidence of the House of Representatives to remain in office...
       
        (2000–2001)
    2. Junichiro Koizumi
       Junichiro Koizumi
       is a Japanese politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan from 2001 to 2006. He retired from politics when his term in parliament ended.Widely seen as a maverick leader of the Liberal Democratic Party , he became known as an economic reformer, focusing on Japan's government debt and the...
       
       , Prime Minister of Japan
       Prime Minister of Japan
       The is the head of government of Japan. He is appointed by the Emperor of Japan after being designated by the Diet from among its members, and must enjoy the confidence of the House of Representatives to remain in office...
       
        (2001–2006)
• Jordan
  Jordan
  Jordan , officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan , Al-Mamlaka al-Urduniyya al-Hashemiyya) is a kingdom on the East Bank of the River Jordan. The country borders Saudi Arabia to the east and south-east, Iraq to the north-east, Syria to the north and the West Bank and Israel to the west, sharing...
  
  -
  • Monarch - Abdullah II, King of Jordan (1999–present)
  • Prime Minister - Ali Abu al-Ragheb
    Ali Abu al-Ragheb
    Ali Abu al-Ragheb was the Prime Minister of Jordan from June 19, 2000 until October 25, 2003. He resigned and was replaced by Faisal al-Fayez.Prime Minister Ali Abu Ragheb was born in Amman, Jordan in 1946...
    
    , Prime Minister of Jordan (2000–2003)
• Kazakhstan
  Kazakhstan
  Kazakhstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of is greater than Western Europe...
  
  -
  • President - Nursultan Nazarbayev
    Nursultan Nazarbayev
    Nursultan Abishuly Nazarbayev has served as the President of Kazakhstan since the nation received its independence in 1991, after the fall of the Soviet Union...
    
    , President of Kazakhstan (1990–present)
  • Prime Minister - Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan
    Prime Minister of Kazakhstan
    -Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars:*Viktor Radus-Zenkovich *Mukhamedkhafiy Murzagaliyev *Saken Seyfullin *Nygmet Nurmakov...
    
     (1999–2002)
• North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)
  North Korea
  The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea , , is a country in East Asia, occupying the northern half of the Korean Peninsula. Its capital and largest city is Pyongyang. The Korean Demilitarized Zone serves as the buffer zone between North Korea and South Korea...
  
  
  • Communist Party Leader - Kim Jong-il
    Kim Jong-il
    Kim Jong-il, also written as Kim Jong Il, birth name Yuri Irsenovich Kim born 16 February 1941 or 16 February 1942 , is the Supreme Leader of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea...
    
    , General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea
    General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea
    Prior to 1966 the leader of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea was the Chairman of the Central Committee. Since 1966, the year a party congress reformed the structure of the Party, the Central Committee has elected a leader called the General Secretary.-General Secretary of the...
    
     (1997–present)
  • De facto Head of State - Kim Jong-il
    Kim Jong-il
    Kim Jong-il, also written as Kim Jong Il, birth name Yuri Irsenovich Kim born 16 February 1941 or 16 February 1942 , is the Supreme Leader of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea...
    
    , Chairman of the National Defence Commission of North Korea
    Chairman of the National Defence Commission of North Korea
    The Chairman of the National Defense Commission of North Korea is the supreme commander of the armed forces of North Korea and the most powerful person in the government...
    
     (1993–present)
  • Nominal Head of State - Kim Yong-nam
    Kim Yong-nam
    Kim Yong-nam is the current North Korean Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly, a position held since 1998. He was elected a member of the presidium of the politburo of the central committee of the Workers' Party of Korea in 2010.He was born in the Central District, Heijo ,...
    
    , Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea (1998–present)
  • Premier - Hong Song-nam
    Hong Song-nam
    Hong Song-nam was the Premier of North Korea from 1997 to 2003. He succeeded Kang Song-san.- References :* http://www.881903.com/Page/ZH-TW/newsdetail.aspx?ItemId=109054 **...
    
    , Premier of North Korea (1997–2003)
• South Korea (Republic of Korea)
  South Korea
  The Republic of Korea , , is a sovereign state in East Asia, located on the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula. It is neighbored by the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east, North Korea to the north, and the East China Sea and Republic of China to the south...
  
  
  • President - Kim Dae-jung, President of South Korea
    President of South Korea
    The President of the Republic of Korea is, according to the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, chief executive of the government, commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and the head of state of the Republic of Korea...
    
     (1998–2003)
  • Prime Minister - Lee Han Dong, Prime Minister of South Korea
    Prime Minister of South Korea
    The Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea is appointed by the President with the National Assembly's approval. Unlike prime ministers in the parliamentary system, the Prime Minister of South Korea is not required to be a member of parliament....
    
     (2000–2002)
• Kuwait
  Kuwait
  The State of Kuwait is a sovereign Arab state situated in the north-east of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south at Khafji, and Iraq to the north at Basra. It lies on the north-western shore of the Persian Gulf. The name Kuwait is derived from the...
  
  -
  • Monarch - Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
    Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
    Jaber III al-Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah, GCB , GCMG of the al-Sabah dynasty, was the Emir and thirteenth Sheikh of Kuwait, serving from December 31, 1977 until his death on January 15, 2006...
    
    , Emir of Kuwait (1977–2006)
  • Prime Minister - Sheikh Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah
    Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah
    Sheikh Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah, KCMG was the Emir of Kuwait during a short reign of nine days , succeeding the late Sheikh Jaber....
    
    , Prime Minister of Kuwait (1978–2003)
• Kyrgyzstan
  Kyrgyzstan
  Kyrgyzstan , officially the Kyrgyz Republic is one of the world's six independent Turkic states . Located in Central Asia, landlocked and mountainous, Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the southwest and China to the east...
  
  
  • President - Askar Akayev
    Askar Akayev
    Askar Akayevich Akayev served as the President of Kyrgyzstan from 1990 until his overthrow in the March 2005 Tulip Revolution....
    
    , President of Kyrgyzstan
    President of Kyrgyzstan
    The President of Kyrgyzstan is the head of state and the highest official of Kyrgyzstan. The President, according to the constitution, "is the symbol of the unity of people and state power, and is the guarantor of the Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic, and of an individual and citizen." The...
    
     (1990–2005)
  • Prime minister - Kurmanbek Bakiyev
    Kurmanbek Bakiyev
    Kurmanbek Saliyevich Bakiyev is a politician who served as the second President of Kyrgyzstan, from 2005 to 2010...
    
    , Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan
    Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan
    The Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan is the head of government of Kyrgyzstan. Generally, the President is in a stronger position than the Prime Minister in Kyrgyzstan. The president is allowed to appoint the Prime Minister temporarily, and his appointment is known as the acting Prime Minister...
    
     (2000–2002)
• Laos
  Laos
  Laos Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south and Thailand to the west...
  
  
  • Communist Party Leader - Khamtai Siphandon
    Khamtai Siphandon
    General Khamtai Siphandon is a Laotian politician who was President of Laos from February 24, 1998, until June 8, 2006, when he was officially replaced by Choummaly Sayasone....
    
    , General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party
    Lao People's Revolutionary Party
    The Lao People's Revolutionary Party is a communist political party that has governed Laos since 1975. The policy-making organs are the politburo and the central committee. A party congress, which elects members to the politburo and central committee, is held every five years...
    
     (1992–2006)
  • President - Khamtai Siphandon
    Khamtai Siphandon
    General Khamtai Siphandon is a Laotian politician who was President of Laos from February 24, 1998, until June 8, 2006, when he was officially replaced by Choummaly Sayasone....
    
    , President of Laos
    President of Laos
    The President of Laos is the head of state of the People's Democratic Republic of Laos.The office of the President was created in 1975, after the takeover of the country by the Pathet Lao, which abolished the monarchy. A member of the deposed royal family, Prince Souphanouvong, was the first...
    
     (1998–2006)
  • Premier -
    1. Sisavath Keobounphanh
       Sisavath Keobounphanh
       Sisavath Keobounphanh was Vice President of Laos from 1996 to 1998 and third Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos from 1998 to 2001...
       
       , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos
       Prime Minister of Laos
       The Prime Minister of Laos is the head of government of the People's Democratic Republic of Laos.-Prime Ministers:-Trivia:Between December 1959 to December 1960, Laos had 6 different Prime Ministers, after being ousted by 6 different political coups....
       
        (1998–2001)
    2. Bounnhang Vorachith
       Bounnhang Vorachith
       Bounnhang Vorachith is the vice president of Laos. He served as deputy prime minister from 1996 to 2001, and then was appointed prime minister. He became vice president on June 8, 2006 when Bouasone Bouphavanh was appointed prime minister.He is member of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party.-...
       
       , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos
       Prime Minister of Laos
       The Prime Minister of Laos is the head of government of the People's Democratic Republic of Laos.-Prime Ministers:-Trivia:Between December 1959 to December 1960, Laos had 6 different Prime Ministers, after being ousted by 6 different political coups....
       
        (2001–2006)
• Lebanon
  Lebanon
  Lebanon , officially the Republic of LebanonRepublic of Lebanon is the most common term used by Lebanese government agencies. The term Lebanese Republic, a literal translation of the official Arabic and French names that is not used in today's world. Arabic is the most common language spoken among...
  
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  • President - Émile Lahoud
    Émile Lahoud
    General Émile Jamil Lahoud is a former President of Lebanon. Lahoud is a Maronite-Catholic, as is required for the Lebanese presidency. Under Lebanon's unwritten constitutional agreement, the National Pact, the presidency is earmarked for Maronite_Catholic, the parliament speaker's post for a Shia...
    
    , President of Lebanon (1998–2007)
  • Prime Minister - Rafic Hariri, Prime Minister of Lebanon (2000–2004)
• Malaysia
  • Monarch -
    1. Sultan Salahuddin, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia
       Yang di-Pertuan Agong
       The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is the head of state of Malaysia. The office was established in 1957 when the Federation of Malaya gained independence....
       
        (1999–2001)
    2. Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin, Acting Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia
       Yang di-Pertuan Agong
       The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is the head of state of Malaysia. The office was established in 1957 when the Federation of Malaya gained independence....
       
        (2001)
    3. Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin
       Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin
       Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin ibni Tuanku Syed Putra Jamalullail is the current Raja of Perlis, reigning since 17 April 2000. He served as the 12th Yang di-Pertuan Agong from 13 December 2001 to 12 December 2006 and 7th Raja of Perlis since 2000....
       
       , Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia
       Yang di-Pertuan Agong
       The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is the head of state of Malaysia. The office was established in 1957 when the Federation of Malaya gained independence....
       
        (2001–2006)
  • Prime Minister - Mahathir Mohamad, Prime Minister of Malaysia
    Prime Minister of Malaysia
    The Prime Minister of Malaysia is the indirectly elected head of government of Malaysia. He is officially appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the head of state, who in HM's judgment is likely to command the confidence of the majority of the members of that House of Representatives , the...
    
     (1981–2003)
• Maldives
  Maldives
  The Maldives , , officially Republic of Maldives , also referred to as the Maldive Islands, is an island nation in the Indian Ocean formed by a double chain of twenty-six atolls oriented north-south off India's Lakshadweep islands, between Minicoy Island and...
  
  
  • President - Maumoon Abdul Gayoom
    Maumoon Abdul Gayoom
    Maumoon Abdul Gayoom was President of the Maldives from 1978 to 2008. After serving as Minister of Transport, he was nominated as President by the Majlis of the Maldives and succeeded Ibrahim Nasir on November 11, 1978. He eventually became the longest-ruling head of government in Asia...
    
    , President of Maldives (1978–2008)
• Mongolia
  Mongolia
  Mongolia is a landlocked country in East and Central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south, east and west. Although Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, its western-most point is only from Kazakhstan's eastern tip. Ulan Bator, the capital and largest...
  
  
  • President - Natsagiin Bagabandi, President of Mongolia
    President of Mongolia
    The President of Mongolia is the head of state of Mongolia. The Constitution of Mongolia implements a parliamentary system, so while much of the President's role is ceremonial, he or she does wield significant political power.-Election:...
    
     (1997–2005)
  • Prime Minister - Nambaryn Enkhbayar
    Nambaryn Enkhbayar
    Nambaryn Enkhbayar is a Mongolian political figure. He was the Prime Minister of Mongolia from 2000 to 2004, the Speaker of Parliament from 2004 to 2005, and the President of Mongolia from 2005 to 2009...
    
    , Prime Minister of Mongolia
    Prime Minister of Mongolia
    The Prime Minister of Mongolia is the highest member of the Mongolian government's executive arm, and heads the Mongolian cabinet. The Prime Minister is appointed by Parliament, and can be removed by a vote of no confidence.-Powers:...
    
     (2000–2004)
• Myanmar
  Myanmar
  Burma , officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar , is a country in Southeast Asia. Burma is bordered by China on the northeast, Laos on the east, Thailand on the southeast, Bangladesh on the west, India on the northwest, the Bay of Bengal to the southwest, and the Andaman Sea on the south....
  
  
  • Head of State - Than Shwe
    Than Shwe
    Senior General Than Shwe is a Burmese military leader and politician who was chairman of the State Peace and Development Council from 1992 to 2011. During the period, he held key positions of power including commander-in-chief of the Myanmar Armed Forces and head of Union Solidarity and...
    
    , Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council of Myanmar
    President of Burma
    The President of Burma is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, and leads the executive branch of the Burmese government, and heads the Cabinet of Burma. The president is elected by members of parliament, not by the general population. The Presidential...
    
     (1992–2011)
  • Prime Minister - Than Shwe
    Than Shwe
    Senior General Than Shwe is a Burmese military leader and politician who was chairman of the State Peace and Development Council from 1992 to 2011. During the period, he held key positions of power including commander-in-chief of the Myanmar Armed Forces and head of Union Solidarity and...
    
    , Prime Minister of Myanmar
    Prime Minister of Myanmar
    The Prime Minister of Burma was the head of government of Burma, also called Myanmar, from 1948 to 2011.-History of the office:The position of Prime Minister was created in 1948, when Burma gained independence from the United Kingdom. Since then, eleven people have held the office...
    
     (1992–2003)
• Nepal
  • Monarch -
    1. Birendra
       Birendra of Nepal
       Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev was a King of Nepal. The son of King Mahendra, whom he succeeded in 1972, he reigned until his death in the 2001 Nepalese royal massacre...
       
       , King of Nepal (1972–2001)
    2. Dipendra
       Dipendra of Nepal
       Dipendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev was a member of the Nepalese Royal Family, who briefly reigned in coma as King of Nepal from the 1st of June to the 4th of June, 2001...
       
       , King of Nepal (incapacitated) (2001)
    3. Gyanendra
       Gyanendra of Nepal
       Gyanendra Shah was the last King of Nepal. During his life, he has held the title of the King twice: first between 1950 and 1951 as a child when his grandfather Tribhuvan was forced into exile in India with the rest of his family; and from 2001 to 2008, following the Nepalese royal massacre.King...
       
       , King of Nepal (2001–2008)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Girija Prasad Koirala
       Girija Prasad Koirala
       Girija Prasad Koirala was a Nepalese politician and the President of the Nepali Congress, a major political party. He was Prime Minister of Nepal for four times, serving from 1991 to 1994, 1998 to 1999, 2000 to 2001, and from 2006 to 2008; he was also Acting Head of State from January 2007 to July...
       
       , Prime Minister of Nepal (2000–2001)
    2. Sher Bahadur Deuba
       Sher Bahadur Deuba
       Sher Bahadur Deuba is a Nepalese politician and former Prime Minister. He is the second senior most leader of the Nepali Congress. He has twice been elected as the leader of parliamentary party of the Nepali Congress, thus enabling him to be elected twice as the Prime Minister of Nepal.He has...
       
       , Prime Minister of Nepal (2001–2002)
• Oman
  Oman
  Oman , officially called the Sultanate of Oman , is an Arab state in southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by the United Arab Emirates to the northwest, Saudi Arabia to the west, and Yemen to the southwest. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the...
  
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  • Monarch - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Sultan of Oman (1970–present)
  • Prime Minister - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Prime Minister of Oman (1972–present)
• Pakistan
  Pakistan
  Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
  
  -
  • President -
    1. Mohammad Rafiq Tarar, President of Pakistan
       President of Pakistan
       The President of Pakistan is the head of state, as well as figurehead, of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Recently passed an XVIII Amendment , Pakistan has a parliamentary democratic system of government. According to the Constitution, the President is chosen by the Electoral College to serve a...
       
        (1998–2001)
    2. Pervez Musharraf
       Pervez Musharraf
       Pervez Musharraf , is a retired four-star general who served as the 13th Chief of Army Staff and tenth President of Pakistan as well as tenth Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee. Musharraf headed and led an administrative military government from October 1999 till August 2007. He ruled...
       
       , President of Pakistan
       President of Pakistan
       The President of Pakistan is the head of state, as well as figurehead, of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Recently passed an XVIII Amendment , Pakistan has a parliamentary democratic system of government. According to the Constitution, the President is chosen by the Electoral College to serve a...
       
        (2001–2008)
  • Head of Government - Pervez Musharraf
    Pervez Musharraf
    Pervez Musharraf , is a retired four-star general who served as the 13th Chief of Army Staff and tenth President of Pakistan as well as tenth Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee. Musharraf headed and led an administrative military government from October 1999 till August 2007. He ruled...
    
    , Chief Executive of Pakistan
    Prime Minister of Pakistan
    The Prime Minister of Pakistan , is the Head of Government of Pakistan who is designated to exercise as the country's Chief Executive. By the Constitution of Pakistan, Pakistan has the parliamentary democratic system of government...
    
     (1999–2002)
• Philippines
  Philippines
  The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...
  
  
  • President -
    1. Joseph Estrada
       Joseph Estrada
       Joseph "Erap" Ejercito Estrada was the 13th President of the Philippines, serving from 1998 until 2001. Estrada was the first person in the Post-EDSA era to be elected both to the presidency and vice-presidency.Estrada gained popularity as a film actor, playing the lead role in over 100 films in...
       
       , President of the Philippines
       President of the Philippines
       The President of the Philippines is the head of state and head of government of the Philippines. The president leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines...
       
        (1998–2001)
    2. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
       Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
       Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo is a Filipino politician who served as the 14th President of the Philippines from 2001 to 2010, as the 12th Vice President of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001, and is currently a member of the House of Representatives representing the 2nd District of Pampanga...
       
       , President of the Philippines
       President of the Philippines
       The President of the Philippines is the head of state and head of government of the Philippines. The president leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines...
       
        (2001–2010)
• Qatar
  Qatar
  Qatar , also known as the State of Qatar or locally Dawlat Qaṭar, is a sovereign Arab state, located in the Middle East, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeasterly coast of the much larger Arabian Peninsula. Its sole land border is with Saudi Arabia to the south, with the rest of its...
  
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  • Monarch - Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1995–present)
  • Prime Minister - Sheikh Abdullah bin Khalifa Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (1996–2007)
• Saudi Arabia
  Saudi Arabia
  The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , commonly known in British English as Saudi Arabia and in Arabic as as-Sa‘ūdiyyah , is the largest state in Western Asia by land area, constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and the second-largest in the Arab World...
  
  -
  • Monarch - Fahd
    Fahd of Saudi Arabia
    Fahd bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud, Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, was King of Saudi Arabia from 1982 to 2005...
    
    , King of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005)
  • Prime Minister - Fahd
    Fahd of Saudi Arabia
    Fahd bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud, Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, was King of Saudi Arabia from 1982 to 2005...
    
    , Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia
    Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia
    The Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia is formally the Head of government under the Malik , the rather absolute Head of State of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.-History:...
    
     (1982–2005)
• Singapore
  Singapore
  Singapore , officially the Republic of Singapore, is a Southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, north of the equator. An island country made up of 63 islands, it is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the...
  
  
  • President - S.R. Nathan
    S.R. Nathan
    Sellapan Ramanathan is a Singaporean politician who was the sixth President of the Republic of Singapore. Usually referred to as S. R. Nathan, he was first sworn in on September 1, 1999. In 1999 and 2005, he was elected President in uncontested elections. In 2009, he surpassed Benjamin Sheares to...
    
    , President of Singapore
    President of Singapore
    The President of the Republic of Singapore is Singapore's head of state. In a Westminster parliamentary system, as which Singapore governs itself, the prime minister is the head of the government while the position of president is largely ceremonial. Before 1993, the President of Singapore was...
    
     (1999–2011)
  • Prime Minister - Goh Chok Tong
    Goh Chok Tong
    Goh Chok Tong is the Senior Minister of Singapore and the chairman of the central bank of Singapore, the Monetary Authority of Singapore. He also served as the second Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore from 28 November 1990 to 12 August 2004, succeeding Lee Kuan Yew, the former Prime...
    
    , Prime Minister of Singapore
    Prime Minister of Singapore
    The Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore is the head of the government of the Republic of Singapore. The President of Singapore appoints as Prime Minister a Member of Parliament who, in his opinion, is most likely to command the confidence of a majority of MPs.The office of Prime Minister...
    
     (1990–2004)
• Sri Lanka
  Sri Lanka
  Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is a country off the southern coast of the Indian subcontinent. Known until 1972 as Ceylon , Sri Lanka is an island surrounded by the Indian Ocean, the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait, and lies in the vicinity of India and the...
  
  
  • President - Chandrika Kumaratunga
    Chandrika Kumaratunga
    Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga born June 29, 1945) was the 4th Executive president of Sri Lanka, serving from November 12, 1994 to November 19, 2005. The daughter of two former Prime Ministers, she was also the leader of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party until end of 2005...
    
    , President of Sri Lanka (1994–2005)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Ratnasiri Wickremanayake
       Ratnasiri Wickremanayake
       Ratnasiri Wickremanayake MP is a Sri Lankan politician who was Prime Minister of Sri Lanka from 2000 to 2001 and again from 2005 to 2010. He is currently a National List member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka....
       
       , Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (2000–2001)
    2. Ranil Wickremasinghe
       Ranil Wickremasinghe
       Ranil Shriyan Wickremesinghe , MP, is a Sri Lankan politician and current Leader of the Opposition in the Sri Lankan parliament. He was Prime Minister of Sri Lanka twice, from May 7, 1993 to August 19, 1994 and from December 9, 2001 to April 6, 2004...
       
       , Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (2001–2004)
• Syria
  Syria
  Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest....
  
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  • President - Bashar al-Assad
    Bashar al-Assad
    Bashar al-Assad is the President of Syria and Regional Secretary of the Ba'ath Party. His father Hafez al-Assad ruled Syria for 29 years until his death in 2000. Al-Assad was elected in 2000, re-elected in 2007, unopposed each time.- Early Life :...
    
    , President of Syria (2000–present)
  • Prime Minister - Muhammad Mustafa Mero
    Muhammad Mustafa Mero
    Muhammad Mustafa Mero is a former Prime Minister of Syria who held the post between 2000 and 2003.-Early life, education and career:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Syria (2000–2003)
• Taiwan (Republic of China)
  Republic of China
  The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan , which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor...
  
  
  • President - Chen Shui-bian
    Chen Shui-bian
    Chen Shui-bian is a former Taiwanese politician who was the 10th and 11th-term President of the Republic of China from 2000 to 2008. Chen, whose Democratic Progressive Party has traditionally been supportive of Taiwan independence, ended more than fifty years of Kuomintang rule in Taiwan...
    
    , President of the Republic of China
    President of the Republic of China
    The President of the Republic of China is the head of state and commander-in-chief of the Republic of China . The Republic of China was founded on January 1, 1912, to govern all of China...
    
     (2000–2008)
  • Prime Minister - Chang Chun-hsiung
    Chang Chun-hsiung
    Chang Chun-hsiung , born March 23, 1938, a politician in Taiwan, is a former Premier of the Republic of China. Chang was appointed to two separate terms as Premier, both under Chen Shui-bian...
    
    , President of the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China
    Premier of the Republic of China
    The President of the Executive Yuan , commonly known as the Premier of the Republic of China , is the head of the Executive Yuan, the executive branch of the Republic of China , which currently administers Taiwan, Matsu, and Kinmen. The premier is appointed by the President of the Republic of China...
    
     (2000–2002)
• Tajikistan
  Tajikistan
  Tajikistan , officially the Republic of Tajikistan , is a mountainous landlocked country in Central Asia. Afghanistan borders it to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east....
  
  
  • President - Emomali Rahmonov
    Emomali Rahmonov
    Emomalii Rahmon has served as the head of state of the Republic of Tajikistan since 1992, under the position of President since 1994.-Biography:...
    
    , President of Tajikistan (1992–present)
  • Prime Minister - Oqil Oqilov, Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1999–present)
• Thailand
  Thailand
  Thailand , officially the Kingdom of Thailand , formerly known as Siam , is a country located at the centre of the Indochina peninsula and Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the...
  
  
  • Monarch - Bhumibol Adulyadej
    Bhumibol Adulyadej
    Bhumibol Adulyadej is the current King of Thailand. He is known as Rama IX...
    
    , King of Thailand (1946–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Chuan Leekpai
       Chuan Leekpai
       Chuan Leekpai was the Prime Minister of Thailand from September 20, 1992 to May 19, 1995 and again from November 9, 1997 to February 9, 2001. A third-generation Thai Chinese, Chuan was born in Trang province in a grass-roofed house. The walls of his family's house were woven from strips of...
       
       , Prime Minister of Thailand (1997–2001)
    2. Thaksin Shinawatra
       Thaksin Shinawatra
       Thaksin Shinawatra is a Thai businessman and politician, who was Prime Minister of Thailand from 2001 to 2006, when he was overthrown in a military coup....
       
       , Prime Minister of Thailand (2001–2006)
• Turkey
  Turkey
  Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
  
  
  • President - Ahmet Necdet Sezer
    Ahmet Necdet Sezer
    - External links :* , Presidency of the Republic of Turkey...
    
    , President of Turkey (2000–2007)
  • Prime Minister - Bülent Ecevit
    Bülent Ecevit
    Mustafa Bülent Ecevit was a Turkish politician, poet, writer and journalist, who was the leader of Republican People's Party , later of the Democratic Left Party and four-time Prime Minister of Turkey.- Personal life :...
    
    , Prime Minister of Turkey (1999–2002)
• Turkmenistan
  Turkmenistan
  Turkmenistan , formerly also known as Turkmenia is one of the Turkic states in Central Asia. Until 1991, it was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic . Turkmenistan is one of the six independent Turkic states...
  
  
  • President - Saparmurat Niyazov
    Saparmurat Niyazov
    Saparmurat Atayevich Niyazov; , was a Turkmen politician who served as President of Turkmenistan from 2 November 1990 until his death in 2006...
    
    , President for Life of Turkmenistan
    President of Turkmenistan
    -First Secretaries of the Turkmen Communist Party:*Ivan Mezhlauk *Shaymardan Ibragimov *Nikolay Paskutsky *Grigory Aronshtam...
    
     (1990–2006)
• United Arab Emirates
  United Arab Emirates
  The United Arab Emirates, abbreviated as the UAE, or shortened to "the Emirates", is a state situated in the southeast of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman, and Saudi Arabia, and sharing sea borders with Iraq, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, and Iran.The UAE is a...
  
  
  • President - Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates
    President of the United Arab Emirates
    The President is the Head of State of the United Arab Emirates. Because the current ruler of Abu Dhabi customarily also holds the presidency of the UAE, the office is de facto hereditary. The President is also Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces and Chairman of the Supreme Council and...
    
     (1976–2004)
  • Prime Minister - Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum
    Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum
    Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum , also referred to as Sheikh Maktoum was the Vice President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates and the emir of Dubai.-Biography:...
    
    , Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1990–2006)
• Uzbekistan
  Uzbekistan
  Uzbekistan , officially the Republic of Uzbekistan is a doubly landlocked country in Central Asia and one of the six independent Turkic states. It shares borders with Kazakhstan to the west and to the north, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to the east, and Afghanistan and Turkmenistan to the south....
  
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  • President - Islam Karimov, President of Uzbekistan
    President of Uzbekistan
    President of the Republic of Uzbekistan is the Head of State and executive authority in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The office of President was established in 1991 replacing the position of First secretary of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan that has existed since 1925 while the country was known...
    
     (1990–present)
  • Prime Minister - O‘tkir Sultonov, Prime Minister of Uzbekistan
    Prime Minister of Uzbekistan
    According to the Constitution of Uzbekistan, the Prime Minister of Uzbekistan and the deputy ministers are appointed by the President.-Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars:*Fayzulla Khodzhayev...
    
     (1995–2003)
• Vietnam
  Vietnam
  Vietnam – sometimes spelled Viet Nam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam – is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea –...
  
  
  • Communist Party Leader -
    1. Lê Khả Phiêu, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam
       General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam
       The General Secretary is the leader of the Communist Party of Vietnam. The activities of Politburo and Secretariat are directed by the General Secretary. The post holder also maintains the top position in the Party's Central Military Commission, which is considered the supreme military...
       
        (1997–2001)
    2. Nông Đức Mạnh, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam
       General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam
       The General Secretary is the leader of the Communist Party of Vietnam. The activities of Politburo and Secretariat are directed by the General Secretary. The post holder also maintains the top position in the Party's Central Military Commission, which is considered the supreme military...
       
        (2001–2011)
  • President - Trần Đức Lương, President of Vietnam
    President of Vietnam
    The President of Vietnam is the head of state of Vietnam, although the functions of the President are often ceremonial...
    
     (1997–2006)
  • Prime Minister - Phan Văn Khải, Prime Minister of Vietnam
    Prime Minister of Vietnam
    -Office:The Prime Minister of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is the head of the executive branch of the Vietnamese government. The Prime Minister presides over the Vietnamese cabinet, and is responsible for appointing and supervising ministers...
    
     (1997–2006)
• Yemen
  Yemen
  The Republic of Yemen , commonly known as Yemen , is a country located in the Middle East, occupying the southwestern to southern end of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Red Sea to the west, and Oman to the east....
  
  
  • President - Ali Abdullah Saleh
    Ali Abdullah Saleh
    Field Marshal Ali Abdullah Saleh is the first President of the Republic of Yemen. Saleh previously served as President of the Yemen Arab Republic from 1978 until 1990, at which time he assumed the office of chairman of the Presidential Council of a post-unification Yemen. He is the...
    
    , President of Yemen
    President of Yemen
    The President of the Republic of Yemen is the head of state of Yemen.Under the Constitution of Yemen, the president is also the supreme commander of the armed forces and head of the executive branch of the Yemeni government....
    
     (1978–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Abd al-Karim al-Iryani, Prime Minister of Yemen
       Prime Minister of Yemen
       The Prime Minister of the Republic of Yemen is the head of government in that country. The current Prime Minister, Ali Muhammad Mujawar, has held the position since 7 April 2007. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President...
       
        (1998–2001)
    2. Abdul Qadir Bajamal
       Abdul Qadir Bajamal
       Abdul Qadir Bajamal was the Prime Minister of Yemen from 31 March 2001 until 7 April 2007. He is a member of the General People's Congress party and had been appointed by President Ali Abdullah Saleh. Before Bajamal's appointment as Prime Minister, he had served as Foreign Minister from 1998 to...
       
       , Prime Minister of Yemen
       Prime Minister of Yemen
       The Prime Minister of the Republic of Yemen is the head of government in that country. The current Prime Minister, Ali Muhammad Mujawar, has held the position since 7 April 2007. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President...
       
        (2001–2007)

Europe

• Albania
  Albania
  Albania , officially known as the Republic of Albania , is a country in Southeastern Europe, in the Balkans region. It is bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, the Republic of Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south and southeast. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea...
  
  
  • President - Rexhep Meidani
    Rexhep Meidani
    is an Albanian politician. He graduated from the University of Tirana , Faculty of Natural Sciences, Branch Physics, as well as successfully accomplished the postgraduate studies in the University of Caen...
    
    , President of Albania (1997–2002)
  • Prime Minister - Ilir Meta
    Ilir Meta
    Ilir Rexhep Meta is an Albanian politician. He is the current Deputy Prime Minister. He was Prime Minister of Albania from 1999 to 2002 and has been Foreign minister twice since then.- Studies :...
    
    , Prime Minister of Albania (1999–2002)
• Andorra
  Andorra
  Andorra , officially the Principality of Andorra , also called the Principality of the Valleys of Andorra, , is a small landlocked country in southwestern Europe, located in the eastern Pyrenees mountains and bordered by Spain and France. It is the sixth smallest nation in Europe having an area of...
  
  
  • Monarchs
    • French Co-Prince - Jacques Chirac
      Jacques Chirac
      Jacques René Chirac is a French politician who served as President of France from 1995 to 2007. He previously served as Prime Minister of France from 1974 to 1976 and from 1986 to 1988 , and as Mayor of Paris from 1977 to 1995.After completing his studies of the DEA's degree at the...
      
      , French Co-Prince of Andorra (1995–2007)
    • Episcopal Co-Prince - Joan Martí i Alanis, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1971–2003)
  • Prime Minister - Marc Forné Molné
    Marc Forné Molné
    Marc Forné i Molné was the Head of Government of Andorra from 7 December 1994 to 27 May 2005. After 2 full terms, he was succeeded by Albert Pintat after he won the April 2005 election...
    
    , Head of Government of Andorra
    Head of Government of Andorra
    The Head of Government is the chief executive of the government of the Principality of Andorra.The current Cap de Govern is Antoni Martí.-Heads of Government:-See also:*List of Co-Princes of Andorra...
    
     (1994–2005)
• Armenia
  Armenia
  Armenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia...
  
  
  • President - Robert Kocharyan, President of Armenia
    President of Armenia
    President of Armenia is the title of the head of state of Armenia since its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.-Democratic Republic of Armenia :*Avetis Aharonyan *Avetik Sahakyan *Avetis Aharonyan -Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and Armenian...
    
     (1998–2008)
  • Prime Minister - Andranik Margaryan, Prime Minister of Armenia
    Prime Minister of Armenia
    The Prime Minister of Armenia is the most senior minister within the Armenian government, and is required by the constitution to "oversee the Government's regular activities and coordinate the work of the Ministers." The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Armenia, but can be removed by...
    
     (2000–2007)
• Austria
  Austria
  Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
  
  
  • President - Thomas Klestil
    Thomas Klestil
    Thomas Klestil was an Austrian diplomat and politician. He was elected the tenth President of Austria in 1992 and was re-elected to the position in 1998...
    
    , Federal President of Austria
    President of Austria
    The President of Austria is the federal head of state of Austria. Though theoretically entrusted with great power by the constitution, in practice the President acts, for the most part, merely as a ceremonial figurehead...
    
     (1992–2004)
  • Chancellor - Wolfgang Schüssel
    Wolfgang Schüssel
    Wolfgang Schüssel is an Austrian People's Party politician. He was Chancellor of Austria for two consecutive terms from February 2000 to January 2007...
    
    , Federal Chancellor of Austria
    Chancellor of Austria
    The Federal Chancellor is the head of government in Austria. Its deputy is the Vice-Chancellor. Before 1918, the equivalent office was the Minister-President of Austria. The Federal Chancellor is considered to be the most powerful political position in Austrian politics.-Appointment:The...
    
     (2000–2007)
• Azerbaijan
  Azerbaijan
  Azerbaijan , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan is the largest country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to...
  
  
  • President - Heydar Aliyev
    Heydar Aliyev
    Heydar Alirza oglu Aliyev , also spelled as Heidar Aliev, Geidar Aliev, Haydar Aliyev, Geydar Aliyev was the third President of Azerbaijan for the New Azerbaijan Party from June 1993 to October 2003, when his son Ilham Aliyev succeeded him.From 1969 till 1982, Aliyev was also the leader of Soviet...
    
    , President of Azerbaijan
    President of Azerbaijan
    The country of Azerbaijan is a presidential republic, with the President of Azerbaijan as the head of state, and the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan as head of government...
    
     (1993–2003)
  • Prime Minister - Artur Rasizade
    Artur Rasizade
    Artur Tahir oğlu Rasizada , often spelled as Artur Rasizade , is the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan. Rasizada was a long-time Communist Party member during the Azerbaijan SSR period...
    
    , Prime Minister of Azerbaijan
    Prime Minister of Azerbaijan
    The Prime Minister of Azerbaijan is the head of government of Azerbaijan. The current prime minister is Artur Rasizade.-Prime Ministers:* Fath Ali Khan Khoyski * Nasib Yusifbeyli...
    
     (1996–2003)
  • Nagorno-Karabakh
    Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
    The Nagorno-Karabakh Republic , or Artsakh Republic is a de facto independent republic located in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia...
    
     (unrecognized, secessionist state)
    • President - Arkadi Ghukasyan, President of Nagorno-Karabakh
      President of Nagorno-Karabakh
      -Chairmen of Parliament :-Presidents :-Latest election:-See also:*Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic...
      
       (1997–2007)
    • Prime Minister - Anushavan Danielyan
      Anushavan Danielyan
      Anushavan Danielyan was Prime Minister of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic from June 1999 through September 2007. He was succeeded by Ara Harutyunyan...
      
      , Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh
      Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh
      -List of Prime Ministers of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic :-See also:*President of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic...
      
       (1999–2007)
• Belarus
  Belarus
  Belarus , officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered clockwise by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno , Gomel ,...
  
  -
  • President - Alexander Lukashenko
    Alexander Lukashenko
    Alexander Grigoryevich Lukashenko has been serving as the President of Belarus since 20 July 1994. Before his career as a politician, Lukashenko worked as director of a state-owned agricultural farm. Under Lukashenko's rule, Belarus has come to be viewed as a state whose conduct is out of line...
    
    , President of Belarus (1994–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Vladimir Yermoshin
       Vladimir Yermoshin
       Vladimir Yermoshin was Prime Minister of Belarus from 18 February 2000 to 1 October 2001.-References:...
       
       , Prime Minister of Belarus (2000–2001)
    2. Henadz Navitski, Prime Minister of Belarus (2001–2003)
• Belgium
  Belgium
  Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...
  
  
  • Monarch - Albert II
    Albert II of Belgium
    Albert II is the current reigning King of the Belgians, a constitutional monarch. He is a member of the royal house "of Belgium"; formerly this house was named Saxe-Coburg-Gotha...
    
    , King of the Belgians (1993–present)
  • Prime Minister - Guy Verhofstadt
    Guy Verhofstadt
    Guy Verhofstadt is a Belgian politician who was the 47th Prime Minister of Belgium from 1999 to 2008. He is currently a Member of the European Parliament and leader of the Group of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.- Early career :...
    
    , Prime Minister of Belgium (1999–2008)
• Bosnia and Herzegovina
  Bosnia and Herzegovina
  Bosnia and Herzegovina , sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina or simply Bosnia, is a country in Southern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. Bordered by Croatia to the north, west and south, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina is almost landlocked, except for the...
  
  
  • Head of State - Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
    Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
    The Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the head of state of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-Overview:...
    
    
    • Serb member - Živko Radišić
      Živko Radišic
      Živko Radišić is a Bosnian Serb politician and former Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina....
      
       (1998–2002), Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
      Chairmen of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
      The following is a list of Chairmen of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina:-See also:...
      
       (2000–2001)
    • Bosniak member -
      1. Halid Genjac (2000–2001)
      2. Beriz Belkić
         Beriz Belkic
         Beriz Belkić is former Member and Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, since 2001.Belkić graduated from the faculty of economics with the University of Sarajevo, in his hometown...
         
          (2001–2002)
    • Croat member -
      1. Ante Jelavić
         Ante Jelavic
         Ante Jelavić is a Croat politician and former Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina.Jelavić was born in 1963 in Podprolog, Vrgorac, Croatia, then Yugoslavia, and was elected to the post as a candidate of the Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina.Ante Jelavić served as...
         
          (1998–2001)
      2. Jozo Križanović
         Jozo Križanović
         Jozo Križanović was a Croat politician of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Križanović died from complications following surgery in Zagreb on December 2, 2009.-Career:...
         
          (2001–2002), Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
         Chairmen of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
         The following is a list of Chairmen of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina:-See also:...
         
          (2001–2002)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Martin Raguž, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina
       Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina
       The following is a list of Chairmen of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina:...
       
        (2000–2001)
    2. Božidar Matić
       Božidar Matić
       Božidar Matić is the president of the Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina and a former Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
       
       , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina
       Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina
       The following is a list of Chairmen of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina:...
       
        (2001)
    3. Zlatko Lagumdžija
       Zlatko Lagumdžija
       Dr. Zlatko Lagumdžija is a Bosnian politician and academic. He is known for his leadership of the Social Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina...
       
       , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina
       Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina
       The following is a list of Chairmen of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina:...
       
        (2001–2002)
  • High Representative - Wolfgang Petritsch
    Wolfgang Petritsch
    Wolfgang Petritsch is an Austrian diplomat of Slovene ethnicity. He was born to a Carinthian Slovene family in Klagenfurt and spent his childhood in a partially Slovene, partially German-speaking environment. He has a PhD from the University of Vienna and was a Fulbright Scholar at the University...
    
    , High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina
    High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina
    The High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina, with the Office of the High Representative in Bosnia and Herzegovina, was created in 1995 immediately after the Dayton Peace Agreement to oversee the civilian implementation of this agreement. The High Representative and the OHR represent the...
    
     (1999–2002)
• Bulgaria
  Bulgaria
  Bulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east...
  
  
  • President - Petar Stoyanov
    Petar Stoyanov
    Petar Stefanov Stoyanov is a former President of Bulgaria from 1997 until 2002. He was elected as a candidate of the Union of Democratic Forces...
    
    , President of Bulgaria (1997–2002)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Ivan Kostov
       Ivan Kostov
       Ivan Yordanov Kostov was Prime Minister of Bulgaria from May 1997 to July 2001 and leader of the Union of Democratic Forces between December 1994 and July 2001....
       
       , Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1997–2001)
    2. Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
       Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
       Simeon Borisov of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Tsar Simeon II or Simeon II of Bulgaria is an important political and royal figure in Bulgaria...
       
       , Prime Minister of Bulgaria (2001–2005)
• Croatia
  Croatia
  Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
  
  
  • President - Stjepan Mesić
    Stjepan Mesić
    Stjepan "Stipe" Mesić is a Croatian politician and former President of Croatia. Before his ten-year presidential term between 2000 and 2010 he held the posts of Speaker of the Croatian Parliament , Prime Minister of Croatia , the last President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia , Secretary General...
    
    , President of Croatia (2000–2010)
  • Prime Minister - Ivica Račan
    Ivica Racan
    Ivica Račan was a Croatian career politician, leader of the League of Communists of Croatia and later Social Democratic Party from 1989 to 2007...
    
    , President of the Government of Croatia (2000–2003)
• Cyprus
  Cyprus
  Cyprus , officially the Republic of Cyprus , is a Eurasian island country, member of the European Union, in the Eastern Mediterranean, east of Greece, south of Turkey, west of Syria and north of Egypt. It is the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.The earliest known human activity on the...
  
  
  • President - Glafcos Clerides, President of Cyprus (1993–2003)
  • Northern Cyprus (unrecognized, secessionist state)
    • President - Rauf Denktaş
      Rauf Denktas
      Rauf Raif Denktaş is the founder and the first president of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus , a de facto state which is only recognized by Turkey...
      
      , President of Northern Cyprus
      President of Northern Cyprus
      The President of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is the head of state of the TRNC. Rauf Denktaş was the first and founder president of TRNC, and retired in 2005. His position was taken over by Mehmet Ali Talat, followed by the current president, Derviş Eroğlu.In the Turkish Republic of...
      
       (1976–2005)
    • Prime Minister - Derviş Eroğlu
      Dervis Eroglu
      Dr. Derviş Eroğlu is the President of the unrecognized Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. He was Prime Minister of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus from 1985 to 1994 and from 1996 to 2004, and leader of the National Unity Party. His party won the general elections in 2009 and Eroğlu...
      
      , Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus
      Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus
      The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President is head of state and the Prime Minister head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative...
      
       (1996–2004)
• Czech Republic
  Czech Republic
  The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
  
  -
  • President - Václav Havel
    Václav Havel
    Václav Havel is a Czech playwright, essayist, poet, dissident and politician. He was the tenth and last President of Czechoslovakia and the first President of the Czech Republic . He has written over twenty plays and numerous non-fiction works, translated internationally...
    
    , President of the Czech Republic (1993–2003)
  • Prime Minister - Miloš Zeman
    Miloš Zeman
    Miloš Zeman is a well-known Czech politician. He was a member and leader of the Czech Social Democratic Party, former speaker of the chamber of deputies from 1996 until 1998, and the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic from 1998 until 2002. He was a frequent rival of Václav Klaus...
    
    , Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (1998–2002)
• Denmark
  Kingdom of Denmark
  The Kingdom of Denmark or the Danish Realm , is a constitutional monarchy and sovereign state consisting of Denmark proper in northern Europe and two autonomous constituent countries, the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic and Greenland in North America. Denmark is the hegemonial part, where the...
  
  
  • Monarch - Margrethe II
    Margrethe II of Denmark
    Margrethe II is the Queen regnant of the Kingdom of Denmark. In 1972 she became the first female monarch of Denmark since Margaret I, ruler of the Scandinavian countries in 1375-1412 during the Kalmar Union.-Early life:...
    
    , Queen of Denmark (1972–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Poul Nyrup Rasmussen
       Poul Nyrup Rasmussen
       Poul Nyrup Rasmussen , informally Poul Nyrup, born 15 June 1943), was Prime Minister of Denmark from 25 January 1993 to 27 November 2001 and is currently President of the Party of European Socialists . He was the leader of the governing Social Democrats from 1992 to 2002...
       
       , Prime Minister of Denmark (1993–2001)
    2. Anders Fogh Rasmussen
       Anders Fogh Rasmussen
       Anders Fogh Rasmussen is a Danish politician, and the 12th and current Secretary General of NATO. Rasmussen served as Prime Minister of Denmark from 27 November 2001 to 5 April 2009....
       
       , Prime Minister of Denmark (2001–2009)
• Estonia
  Estonia
  Estonia , officially the Republic of Estonia , is a state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia , and to the east by Lake Peipsi and the Russian Federation . Across the Baltic Sea lies...
  
  
  • President -
    1. Lennart Meri
       Lennart Meri
       Lennart Georg Meri was a writer, film director and statesman who served as the second President of Estonia from 1992 to 2001. Meri was a leader of the Estonian independence movement.-Early life:...
       
       , President of Estonia
       President of Estonia
       The President of the Republic is the head of state of the Republic of Estonia.Estonia is a parliamentary republic, therefore President is mainly a symbolic figure and holds no executive power. The President has to suspend his membership in any political party for his term in office...
       
        (1992–2001)
    2. Arnold Rüütel
       Arnold Rüütel
       Arnold Rüütel OIH was the third President of the Republic of Estonia from October 8, 2001 to October 9, 2006. He was the second President since Estonia regained its independence in 1991....
       
       , President of Estonia
       President of Estonia
       The President of the Republic is the head of state of the Republic of Estonia.Estonia is a parliamentary republic, therefore President is mainly a symbolic figure and holds no executive power. The President has to suspend his membership in any political party for his term in office...
       
        (2001–2006)
  • Prime Minister - Mart Laar
    Mart Laar
    Mart Laar is an Estonian statesman, historian and a founding member of the Foundation for the Investigation of Communist Crimes. He was the Prime Minister of Estonia from 1992 to 1994 and from 1999 to 2002, and is the leader of the conservative party Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica...
    
    , Prime Minister of Estonia
    Prime Minister of Estonia
    The Prime Minister of Estonia is the head of government of the Republic of Estonia. The prime minister is nominated by the President after appropriate consultations with the parliamentary factions and confirmed by the Parliament. In case of disagreement, the Parliament can reject the President's...
    
     (1999–2002)
• Finland
  Finland
  Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.Around 5.4 million people reside...
  
  
  • President - Tarja Halonen
    Tarja Halonen
    Tarja Kaarina Halonen is the incumbent President of Finland. The first female to hold the office, Halonen had previously been a member of the parliament from 1979 to 2000 when she resigned after her election to the presidency...
    
    , President of Finland
    President of Finland
    The President of the Republic of Finland is the nation's head of state. Under the Finnish constitution, executive power is vested in the President and the government, with the President possessing extensive powers. The President is elected directly by the people of Finland for a term of six years....
    
     (2000–present)
  • Prime Minister - Paavo Lipponen
    Paavo Lipponen
    Paavo Tapio Lipponen is a Finnish politician and former reporter. He was Prime Minister of Finland from 1995 to 2003, and Chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Finland from 1993 to 2005...
    
    , Prime Minister of Finland
    Prime Minister of Finland
    The Prime Minister is the Head of Government of Finland. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President, who is the Head of State. The current Prime Minister is Jyrki Katainen of the National Coalition Party.-Overview:...
    
     (1995–2003)
• France
  France
  The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
  
  
  • President - Jacques Chirac
    Jacques Chirac
    Jacques René Chirac is a French politician who served as President of France from 1995 to 2007. He previously served as Prime Minister of France from 1974 to 1976 and from 1986 to 1988 , and as Mayor of Paris from 1977 to 1995.After completing his studies of the DEA's degree at the...
    
    , President of France (1995–2007)
  • Prime Minister - Lionel Jospin
    Lionel Jospin
    Lionel Jospin is a French politician, who served as Prime Minister of France from 1997 to 2002.Jospin was the Socialist Party candidate for President of France in the elections of 1995 and 2002. He was narrowly defeated in the final runoff election by Jacques Chirac in 1995...
    
    , Prime Minister of France (1997–2002)
• Georgia
  Georgia (country)
  Georgia is a sovereign state in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the southwest by Turkey, to the south by Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. The capital of...
  
  
  • President - Eduard Shevardnadze
    Eduard Shevardnadze
    Eduard Shevardnadze is a former Soviet, and later, Georgian statesman from the height to the end of the Cold War. He served as President of Georgia from 1995 to 2003, and as First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party , from 1972 to 1985. Shevardnadze was responsible for many top decisions on...
    
    , President of Georgia
    President of Georgia
    The President of Georgia is the head of state, supreme commander-in-chief and holder of the highest office within the Government of Georgia. Executive power is split between the President and the Prime Minister, who is the head of government...
    
     (1995–2003)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Giorgi Arsenishvili
       Giorgi Arsenishvili
       Giorgi Arsenisvhvili served as Minister of State of Georgia from 2000 to 2001.-Career:Before entering politics, Arsenishvili was a member of the faculty at his alma mater, Tbilisi State University. Following his time as Minister of State, he as served as Ambassador to Austria, Hungary, Slovenia,...
       
       , Minister of State of Georgia
       Prime Minister of Georgia
       The Prime Minister of Georgia is the most senior minister within the Cabinet of Georgia, appointed by the President of Georgia. The official title of the Head of the Government of Georgia has varied throughout history, however, the duties and functions of the leader have changed only marginally....
       
        (2000–2001)
    2. Avtandil Jorbenadze
       Avtandil Jorbenadze
       Avtandil Jorbenadze is a former Prime Minister of Georgia.Before entering politics, Jorbenadze worked as a doctor; in this capacity, in 1992 he was called to take up the post of deputy minister of health. He left the cabinet briefly the following year, but soon rejoined it as health minister...
       
       , Minister of State of Georgia
       Prime Minister of Georgia
       The Prime Minister of Georgia is the most senior minister within the Cabinet of Georgia, appointed by the President of Georgia. The official title of the Head of the Government of Georgia has varied throughout history, however, the duties and functions of the leader have changed only marginally....
       
        (2001–2003)
  • Abkhazia
    Abkhazia
    Abkhazia is a disputed political entity on the eastern coast of the Black Sea and the south-western flank of the Caucasus.Abkhazia considers itself an independent state, called the Republic of Abkhazia or Apsny...
    
     (unrecognized secessionist state)
    • President - Vladislav Ardzinba
      Vladislav Ardzinba
      Vladislav Grigori-ipa Ardzinba was the first President of Abkhazia. A historian by education, Ardzinba led Abkhazia to de facto independence in the 1992-1993 War with Georgia, but its de jure independence from Georgia remained internationally unrecognised during Ardzinba's two terms as President...
      
      , President of Abkhazia (1990–2005)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Viacheslav Tsugba, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (1999–2001)
      2. Anri Jergenia, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (2001–2002)
  • South Ossetia
    South Ossetia
    South Ossetia or Tskhinvali Region is a disputed region and partly recognized state in the South Caucasus, located in the territory of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast within the former Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic....
    
     (unrecognized secessionist state)
    • President -
      1. Lyudvig Chibirov, President of South Ossetia
         President of South Ossetia
         The President of the Republic of South Ossetia is the de facto head of state of the partially recognized Republic of South Ossetia that is de jure part of Georgia...
         
          (1993–2001)
      2. Eduard Kokoity
         Eduard Kokoity
         Eduard Dzhabeyevich Kokoity is the de facto President of South Ossetia.-Early life:Eduard Kokoity was born on 31 October 1964 in Tskhinvali, in the Georgian SSR, a part of the Soviet Union at the time. Kokoity was a member, and champion, of the Soviet Union's national wrestling team...
         
         , President of South Ossetia
         President of South Ossetia
         The President of the Republic of South Ossetia is the de facto head of state of the partially recognized Republic of South Ossetia that is de jure part of Georgia...
         
          (2001–present)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Merab Chigoev
         Merab Chigoev
         Merab Ilyich Chigoev is a South Ossetian politician and former Prime Minister, from August 1998 until June 2001. He was also Minister of Justice in Yury Morozov's cabinet.Chigoev graduated from the Lomonosov Moscow State University in 1973....
         
         , Prime Minister of South Ossetia
         Prime Minister of South Ossetia
         The Prime Minister of South Ossetia is the head of government of the Republic of South Ossetia.-List of Prime Ministers of the Republic of South Ossetia :-Sources: * Osinform:...
         
          (1998–2001)
      2. Dmitry Sanakoyev
         Dmitry Sanakoyev
         Dmitry Ivanovich Sanakoyev is a South Ossetian and Georgian politician, a former official in the secessionist government of South Ossetia and currently Head of the Provisional Administration of South Ossetia, a rival entity established in 2007 in the Georgian-controlled territories of this...
         
         , Prime Minister of South Ossetia
         Prime Minister of South Ossetia
         The Prime Minister of South Ossetia is the head of government of the Republic of South Ossetia.-List of Prime Ministers of the Republic of South Ossetia :-Sources: * Osinform:...
         
          (2001)
      3. Gerasim Khugayev, Prime Minister of South Ossetia
         Prime Minister of South Ossetia
         The Prime Minister of South Ossetia is the head of government of the Republic of South Ossetia.-List of Prime Ministers of the Republic of South Ossetia :-Sources: * Osinform:...
         
          (2001–2003)
• Germany
  Germany
  Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
  
  
  • President - Johannes Rau
    Johannes Rau
    Johannes Rau was a German politician of the SPD. He was President of Germany from 1 July 1999 until 30 June 2004, and Minister-President of North Rhine-Westphalia from 1978 to 1998.-Education and work:...
    
    , Federal President of Germany
    President of Germany
    The President of the Federal Republic of Germany is the country's head of state. His official title in German is Bundespräsident . Germany has a parliamentary system of government and so the position of President is largely ceremonial...
    
     (1999–2004)
  • Chancellor - Gerhard Schröder
    Gerhard Schröder
    Gerhard Fritz Kurt Schröder is a German politician, and was Chancellor of Germany from 1998 to 2005. A member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany , he led a coalition government of the SPD and the Greens. Before becoming a full-time politician, he was a lawyer, and before becoming Chancellor...
    
    , Federal Chancellor of Germany (1998–2005)
• Greece
  Greece
  Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe....
  
  
  • President - Konstantinos Stephanopoulos, President of Greece (1995–2005)
  • Prime Minister - Costas Simitis
    Costas Simitis
    Konstantinos Simitis , usually referred to as Costas Simitis or Kostas Simitis, was Prime Minister of Greece and leader of the Panhellenic Socialist Movement from 1996 to 2004.- Biography :...
    
    , Prime Minister of Greece (1996–2004)
• Hungary
  Hungary
  Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
  
  
  • President - Ferenc Mádl
    Ferenc Mádl
    Ferenc Mádl was the second President of the third Republic of Hungary, having served from 4 August 2000 to 5 August 2005.-University studies and scientific activities:...
    
    , President of Hungary (2000–2005)
  • Prime Minister - Viktor Orbán
    Viktor Orbán
    Viktor Orbán is a Hungarian populist and conservative politician and current Prime Minister of Hungary...
    
    , Prime Minister of Hungary (1998–2002)
• Iceland
  Iceland
  Iceland , described as the Republic of Iceland, is a Nordic and European island country in the North Atlantic Ocean, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Iceland also refers to the main island of the country, which contains almost all the population and almost all the land area. The country has a population...
  
  
  • President - Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson
    Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson
    Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson is the fifth and current President of Iceland. He has served as President since 1996; he was unopposed in 2000, re-elected for a third term in 2004, and re-elected unopposed for a fourth term in 2008. He is the longest-serving left-wing president in the history of...
    
    , President of Iceland (1996–present)
  • Prime Minister - Davíð Oddsson
    Davíð Oddsson
    Davíð Oddsson is an Icelandic politician and the longest-serving Prime Minister of Iceland, holding office from 1991 to 2004. He also served as Foreign Minister from 2004 to 2005. Previously, he was Mayor of Reykjavík from 1982 to 1991, and he chaired the board of governors of the Central Bank of...
    
    , Prime Minister of Iceland (1991–2004)
• Ireland
  Republic of Ireland
  Ireland , described as the Republic of Ireland , is a sovereign state in Europe occupying approximately five-sixths of the island of the same name. Its capital is Dublin. Ireland, which had a population of 4.58 million in 2011, is a constitutional republic governed as a parliamentary democracy,...
  
  
  • President - Mary McAleese
    Mary McAleese
    Mary Patricia McAleese served as the eighth President of Ireland from 1997 to 2011. She was the second female president and was first elected in 1997 succeeding Mary Robinson, making McAleese the world's first woman to succeed another as president. She was re-elected unopposed for a second term in...
    
    , President of Ireland
    President of Ireland
    The President of Ireland is the head of state of Ireland. The President is usually directly elected by the people for seven years, and can be elected for a maximum of two terms. The presidency is largely a ceremonial office, but the President does exercise certain limited powers with absolute...
    
     (1997–2011)
  • Prime Minister - Bertie Ahern
    Bertie Ahern
    Patrick Bartholomew "Bertie" Ahern is a former Irish politician who served as Taoiseach of Ireland from 26 June 1997 to 7 May 2008....
    
    , Taoiseach of Ireland
    Taoiseach
    The Taoiseach is the head of government or prime minister of Ireland. The Taoiseach is appointed by the President upon the nomination of Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Oireachtas , and must, in order to remain in office, retain the support of a majority in the Dáil.The current Taoiseach is...
    
     (1997–2008)
• Italy
  Italy
  Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
  
  
  • President - Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
    Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
    dr. Carlo Azeglio Ciampi is an Italian politician and banker. He was the 73rd Prime Minister of Italy from 1993 to 1994 and was the tenth President of the Italian Republic from 1999 to 2006...
    
    , President of Italy (1999–2006)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Giuliano Amato
       Giuliano Amato
       Giuliano Amato is an Italian politician. He was Prime Minister of Italy twice, first from 1992 to 1993 and then from 2000 to 2001. He was more recently Vice President of the Convention on the Future of Europe that drafted the new European Constitution and headed the Amato Group. He is commonly...
       
       , President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (2000–2001)
    2. Silvio Berlusconi
       Silvio Berlusconi
       Silvio Berlusconi , also known as Il Cavaliere – from knighthood to the Order of Merit for Labour which he received in 1977 – is an Italian politician and businessman who served three terms as Prime Minister of Italy, from 1994 to 1995, 2001 to 2006, and 2008 to 2011. Berlusconi is also the...
       
       , President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (2001–2006)
• Latvia
  Latvia
  Latvia , officially the Republic of Latvia , is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Estonia , to the south by Lithuania , to the east by the Russian Federation , to the southeast by Belarus and shares maritime borders to the west with Sweden...
  
  
  • President - Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga
    Vaira Vike-Freiberga
    Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga was the sixth President of Latvia, the first female President of Latvia and the first female leader in eastern Europe. She was elected President of Latvia in 1999 and re-elected in 2003.Dr...
    
    , President of Latvia (1999–2007)
  • Prime Minister - Andris Bērziņš, Prime Minister of Latvia
    Prime Minister of Latvia
    The Prime Minister of Latvia is the most powerful member of the Government of the Republic of Latvia, and presides over the Latvian Cabinet of Ministers...
    
     (2000–2002)
• Liechtenstein
  Liechtenstein
  The Principality of Liechtenstein is a doubly landlocked alpine country in Central Europe, bordered by Switzerland to the west and south and by Austria to the east. Its area is just over , and it has an estimated population of 35,000. Its capital is Vaduz. The biggest town is Schaan...
  
  
  • Monarch - Hans Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1989–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Mario Frick, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1993–2001)
    2. Otmar Hasler
       Otmar Hasler
       Otmar Hasler was the Prime Minister of Liechtenstein from 5 April 2001 to 25 March 2009. He was educated at the University of Fribourg. He was appointed on 5 April 2001, replacing Mario Frick, and led a government of the Progressive Citizens' Party in Liechtenstein and the Patriotic Union...
       
       , Head of Government of Liechtenstein (2001–2009)
• Lithuania
  Lithuania
  Lithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the biggest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark...
  
  
  • President - Valdas Adamkus
    Valdas Adamkus
    Valdas Adamkus was President of Lithuania from 1998 to 2003 and again from 2004 to 2009.In Lithuania, the President's tenure lasts for five years; Adamkus' first term in office began on February 26, 1998 and ended on February 28, 2003, following his defeat by Rolandas Paksas in the next...
    
    , President of Lithuania (1998–2003)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Rolandas Paksas
       Rolandas Paksas
       Rolandas Paksas is a Lithuanian politician who was President of Lithuania from 2003 to 2004. He was previously Prime Minister of Lithuania in 1999 and again from 2000 to 2001, and he also served as Mayor of Vilnius from 1997 to 1999 and again from 2000 to 2001...
       
       , Prime Minister of Lithuania
       Prime Minister of Lithuania
       The Prime Minister of Lithuania is the head of the executive arm of Lithuania's government, and is chosen by the Lithuanian parliament, the Seimas. The modern office of Prime Minister was established in 1990, although the official title was "Chairperson of the Council of Ministers" until 25...
       
        (2000–2001)
    2. Eugenijus Gentvilas
       Eugenijus Gentvilas
       Eugenijus Gentvilas is a Lithuanian politician, signatory of the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania and Member of the European Parliament for the Liberal and Centre Union , sitting with the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe. He was mayor of Klaipėda from 1997 to 2001...
       
       , Acting Prime Minister of Lithuania
       Prime Minister of Lithuania
       The Prime Minister of Lithuania is the head of the executive arm of Lithuania's government, and is chosen by the Lithuanian parliament, the Seimas. The modern office of Prime Minister was established in 1990, although the official title was "Chairperson of the Council of Ministers" until 25...
       
        (2001)
    3. Algirdas Brazauskas
       Algirdas Brazauskas
       Algirdas Mykolas Brazauskas was the first President of a newly independent post-Soviet Union Lithuania from 1993 to 1998 and Prime Minister from 2001 to 2006....
       
       , Prime Minister of Lithuania
       Prime Minister of Lithuania
       The Prime Minister of Lithuania is the head of the executive arm of Lithuania's government, and is chosen by the Lithuanian parliament, the Seimas. The modern office of Prime Minister was established in 1990, although the official title was "Chairperson of the Council of Ministers" until 25...
       
        (2001–2006)
• Luxembourg
  Luxembourg
  Luxembourg , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. It has two principal regions: the Oesling in the North as part of the Ardennes massif, and the Gutland in the south...
  
  
  • Monarch - Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
    Grand Duke of Luxembourg
    The Grand Duke of Luxembourg is the sovereign monarch and head of state of Luxembourg. Luxembourg has been a grand duchy since 15 March 1815, when it was elevated from a duchy when placed in personal union with the United Kingdom of the Netherlands...
    
     (2000–present)
  • Prime Minister - Jean-Claude Juncker
    Jean-Claude Juncker
    Jean-Claude Juncker is a Luxembourg politician, 23rd and current Prime Minister of Luxembourg, since 20 January 1995. He is the longest standing head of government of any European Union state...
    
    , Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1995–present)
• Macedonia
  Republic of Macedonia
  Macedonia , officially the Republic of Macedonia , is a country located in the central Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. It is one of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, from which it declared independence in 1991...
  
  -
  • President - Boris Trajkovski
    Boris Trajkovski
    Trajkovski died on 26 February 2004 in a plane crash en route to an economic conference in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aircraft crashed in thick fog and heavy rain on a mountainside in southeastern Herzegovina, near the villages of Huskovici and Rotimlja some eight miles south-south-east...
    
    , President of Macedonia
    President of the Republic of Macedonia
    The President of the Republic of Macedonia is the head of state of the Republic of Macedonia. The institution of the Presidency of the modern Republic of Macedonia began after the Macedonian declaration of independence on 8 September 1991. Its first president was Kiro Gligorov, the oldest president...
    
     (1999–2004)
  • Prime Minister - Ljubčo Georgievski, Prime Minister of Macedonia
    Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia
    The Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia is the head of government of the Republic of Macedonia. He or she is the leader of a political coalition in the Macedonian parliament and the leader of the cabinet...
    
     (1998–2002)
• Malta
  Malta
  Malta , officially known as the Republic of Malta , is a Southern European country consisting of an archipelago situated in the centre of the Mediterranean, south of Sicily, east of Tunisia and north of Libya, with Gibraltar to the west and Alexandria to the east.Malta covers just over in...
  
  
  • President - Guido de Marco
    Guido de Marco
    Guido de Marco was a Maltese politician, who served as the sixth President of Malta from 1999 to 2004. A noted statesman and lawmaker, de Marco also served as Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of the Interior, Justice, and Minister for Foreign Affairs.He is widely regarded as one of the great...
    
    , President of Malta
    President of Malta
    The President of Malta is the constitutional head of state of Malta.The President is appointed by a resolution of the House of Representatives of Malta for a five year term, taking an oath to "preserve, protect and defend" the Constitution....
    
     (1999–2004)
  • Prime Minister - Eddie Fenech Adami
    Eddie Fenech Adami
    Edward “Eddie” Fenech Adami is a Maltese politician who was Prime Minister of Malta from 1987 until 1996 and again from 1998 until 2004...
    
    , Prime Minister of Malta
    Prime Minister of Malta
    The Prime Minister of Malta is the Head of Government of Malta.-Establishment of the office and developments:The office of "Head of Ministry" was created as soon as Malta was granted autonomous government in 1921. The 1921 constitution was suspended twice before being revoked...
    
     (1998–2004)
• Moldova
  Moldova
  Moldova , officially the Republic of Moldova is a landlocked state in Eastern Europe, located between Romania to the West and Ukraine to the North, East and South. It declared itself an independent state with the same boundaries as the preceding Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1991, as part...
  
  
  • President -
    1. Petru Lucinschi
       Petru Lucinschi
       Petru Chiril Lucinschi was Moldova's second President .- Biography :Petru Chiril Lucinschi was born on January 27, 1940 in Rădulenii Vechi village, Soroca County, Romania...
       
       , President of Moldova
       President of Moldova
       The President of the Republic of Moldova is the head of state of Moldova.-Description of the post:According to the Article 77 of the Constitution of Moldova , the President of Moldova is the head of the State and represents the State and is the guarantor of national sovereignty, independence, of...
       
        (1997–2001)
    2. Vladimir Voronin
       Vladimir Voronin
       Vladimir Nicolaevici Voronin is a Moldovan politician. He was the third President of Moldova from 2001 until 2009 and has been the First Secretary of the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova since 1994...
       
       , President of Moldova
       President of Moldova
       The President of the Republic of Moldova is the head of state of Moldova.-Description of the post:According to the Article 77 of the Constitution of Moldova , the President of Moldova is the head of the State and represents the State and is the guarantor of national sovereignty, independence, of...
       
        (2001–2009)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Dumitru Braghiş
       Dumitru Braghis
       Dumitru Braghiş was the Prime Minister of Moldova from 1999 until 2001. Then, he was a member of the Parliament of Moldova, where he represented the Party Alliance Our Moldova.-Biography:...
       
       , Prime Minister of Moldova
       Prime Minister of Moldova
       The Prime Minister of Moldova is Moldova's head of government. The prime minister is formally appointed by the President and exercises executive power along with the cabinet subject to parliamentary support.-Moldavian Democratic Republic :...
       
        (1999–2001)
    2. Vasile Tarlev
       Vasile Tarlev
       Vasile Petru Tarlev is a Moldovan politician, and was Prime Minister of Moldova from 2001 until 2008.- Biography :He studied engineering and became a member of assorted economic councils...
       
       , Prime Minister of Moldova
       Prime Minister of Moldova
       The Prime Minister of Moldova is Moldova's head of government. The prime minister is formally appointed by the President and exercises executive power along with the cabinet subject to parliamentary support.-Moldavian Democratic Republic :...
       
        (2001–2008)
  • Transnistria
    Transnistria
    Transnistria is a breakaway territory located mostly on a strip of land between the Dniester River and the eastern Moldovan border to Ukraine...
    
     (unrecognized secessionist state)
    • President - Igor Smirnov
      Igor Smirnov
      Igor Nikolaevich Smirnov , is the President of the internationally unrecognized Pridnestrovian Moldovan Republic, also known as Transnistria. He has held this post since 1990.- Childhood :...
      
      , President of Transnistria
      President of Transnistria
      The President of Transnistria is the highest elected official of Transnistria, a small unrecognized country which declared independence from Moldova in 1990. The president of the republic is the country's head of state and is commander in chief...
      
       (1991–present)
• Monaco
  Monaco
  Monaco , officially the Principality of Monaco , is a sovereign city state on the French Riviera. It is bordered on three sides by its neighbour, France, and its centre is about from Italy. Its area is with a population of 35,986 as of 2011 and is the most densely populated country in the...
  
  
  • Monarch - Rainier III
    Rainier III, Prince of Monaco
    Rainier III, Prince of Monaco , styled His Serene Highness The Sovereign Prince of Monaco, ruled the Principality of Monaco for almost 56 years, making him one of the longest ruling monarchs of the 20th century.Though he was best known outside of Europe for having married American...
    
    , Prince of Monaco
    Prince of Monaco
    The Reigning Prince or Princess of Monaco is the sovereign monarch and head of state of the Principality of Monaco. All Princes or Princesses thus far have taken the name of the House of Grimaldi, but have belonged to various other houses in male line...
    
     (1949–2005)
  • Head of Government - Patrick Leclercq
    Patrick Leclercq
    Patrick Leclercq was the Minister of State of Monaco. He was appointed on 5 January 2000, replacing Michel Lévêque. He had previously served as France's consul / ambassador to Spain, Egypt , Montreal , as well as in the Foreign Ministry.Patrick André Leclercq was born in Lille, attended the...
    
    , Minister of State of Monaco (2000–2005)
• Kingdom of the Netherlands
  Kingdom of the Netherlands
  The Kingdom of the Netherlands is a sovereign state and constitutional monarchy with territory in Western Europe and in the Caribbean. The four parts of the Kingdom—Aruba, Curaçao, the Netherlands, and Sint Maarten—are referred to as "countries", and participate on a basis of equality...
  
  
  • Monarch - Beatrix
    Beatrix of the Netherlands
    Beatrix is the Queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands comprising the Netherlands, Curaçao, Sint Maarten, and Aruba. She is the first daughter of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands and Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld. She studied law at Leiden University...
    
    , Queen of the Netherlands (1980–present)
  • Netherlands
    Netherlands
    The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
    
     (constituent country)
    • Prime Minister - Wim Kok
      Wim Kok
      Willem "Wim" Kok ; born September 29, 1938) is a retired Dutch politician of the Labour Party . He served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from August 22, 1994 until July 22, 2002....
      
      , Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1994–2002)
  • Netherlands Antilles
    Netherlands Antilles
    The Netherlands Antilles , also referred to informally as the Dutch Antilles, was an autonomous Caribbean country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, consisting of two groups of islands in the Lesser Antilles: Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao , in Leeward Antilles just off the Venezuelan coast; and Sint...
    
     (constituent country)
    • see under North America
  • Aruba
    Aruba
    Aruba is a 33 km-long island of the Lesser Antilles in the southern Caribbean Sea, located 27 km north of the coast of Venezuela and 130 km east of Guajira Peninsula...
    
     (constituent country)
    • see under North America
• Norway
  Norway
  Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...
  
  
  • Monarch - Harald V
    Harald V of Norway
    Harald V is the king of Norway. He succeeded to the throne of Norway upon the death of his father Olav V on 17 January 1991...
    
    , King of Norway (1991–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Jens Stoltenberg
       Jens Stoltenberg
       is a Norwegian politician, leader of the Norwegian Labour Party and the current Prime Minister of Norway. Having assumed office on 17 October 2005, Stoltenberg previously served as Prime Minister from 2000 to 2001....
       
       , Prime Minister of Norway (2000–2001)
    2. Kjell Magne Bondevik
       Kjell Magne Bondevik
       Kjell Magne Bondevik is a Norwegian Lutheran minister and politician . He served as Prime Minister of Norway from 1997 to 2000, and from 2001 to 2005, making him Norway's longest serving non-Labour Party Prime Minister since World War II...
       
       , Prime Minister of Norway (2001–2005)
• Poland
  Poland
  Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
  
  
  • President - Aleksander Kwaśniewski
    Aleksander Kwasniewski
    Aleksander Kwaśniewski is a Polish politician who served as the President of Poland from 1995 to 2005. He was born in Białogard, and during communist rule he was active in the Socialist Union of Polish Students and was the Minister for Sport in the communist government in the 1980s...
    
    , President of Poland (1995–2005)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Jerzy Buzek
       Jerzy Buzek
       Jerzy Karol Buzek is a Polish engineer, academic lecturer and politician who was the ninth post-Cold War Prime Minister of Poland from 1997 to 2001...
       
       , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1997–2001)
    2. Leszek Miller
       Leszek Miller
       Leszek Cezary Miller is a Polish central-left-wing politician, leader of the Democratic Left Alliance , Prime Minister of the government of the Republic of Poland in 2001-2004.-Childhood and youth:...
       
       , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland (2001–2004)
• Portugal
  Portugal
  Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
  
  
  • President - Jorge Sampaio, President of Portugal
    President of Portugal
    Portugal has been a republic since 1910, and since that time the head of state has been the president, whose official title is President of the Portuguese Republic ....
    
     (1996–2006)
  • Prime Minister - António Guterres
    António Guterres
    António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres, GCC is a Portuguese politician, a former prime minister and President of the Socialist International. Currently he is the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.-Early life:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Portugal
    Prime Minister of Portugal
    Prime Minister is the current title of the chief of the Portuguese Government. As chief executive, the Prime Minister coordinates the action of ministers, representing the Government from the other organs of state, accountable to Parliament and keeps the President informed...
    
     (1995–2002)
• Romania
  Romania
  Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
  
  
  • President - Ion Iliescu
    Ion Iliescu
    Ion Iliescu served as President of Romania from 1990 until 1996, and from 2000 until 2004. From 1996 to 2000 and from 2004 until his retirement in 2008, Iliescu was a Senator for the Social Democratic Party , whose honorary president he remains....
    
    , President of Romania (2000–2004)
  • Prime Minister - Adrian Năstase
    Adrian Nastase
    Adrian Năstase is a Romanian politician who was the Prime Minister of Romania from December 2000 to December 2004.He competed as the Social Democratic Party candidate in the 2004 presidential election, but was defeated by centre-right Justice and Truth Alliance candidate Traian Băsescu.He was...
    
    , Prime Minister of Romania (2000–2004)
• Russia
  Russia
  Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
  
  
  • President - Vladimir Putin
    Vladimir Putin
    Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin served as the second President of the Russian Federation and is the current Prime Minister of Russia, as well as chairman of United Russia and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Union of Russia and Belarus. He became acting President on 31 December 1999, when...
    
    , President of Russia (1999–2008)
  • Prime Minister - Mikhail Kasyanov
    Mikhail Kasyanov
    Mikhail Mikhailovich Kasyanov - was the Prime Minister of Russia from May 2000 to February 2004.He is the leader of the People's Democratic Union and an ex-member of the opposition coalition "The Other Russia".-Political career:...
    
    , Chairman of the Government of Russia
    Prime Minister of Russia
    The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation The use of the term "Prime Minister" is strictly informal and is not allowed for by the Russian Constitution and other laws....
    
     (2000–2004)
• San Marino
  San Marino
  San Marino, officially the Republic of San Marino , is a state situated on the Italian Peninsula on the eastern side of the Apennine Mountains. It is an enclave surrounded by Italy. Its size is just over with an estimated population of over 30,000. Its capital is the City of San Marino...
  
  
  • Captains Regent -
    1. Gian Franco Terenzi and Enzo Colombini, Captains-Regent of San Marino (October 2000 - March 2001)
    2. Luigi Lonfernini
       Luigi Lonfernini
       Luigi Lonfernini was Captain Regent of San Marino in 1971 and 2001. He is also a lawyer and banker. He served as a member of the Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party. He received a law degree from the University of Bologna.-References:...
       
        and Fabio Berardi
       Fabio Berardi
       Fabio Berardi is a Sammarinese politician.He served as a Captain-Regent of San Marino from April 2001 until October 2001. From October 2001 until December 2003, he served as Secretary of State for Planning, Environment and Agriculture...
       
       , Captains-Regent of San Marino (April - September 2001)
    3. Alberto Cecchetti and Gino Giovagnoli, Captains-Regent of San Marino (October 2001 - March 2002)
• Slovakia
  Slovakia
  The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...
  
  
  • President - Rudolf Schuster
    Rudolf Schuster
    Rudolf Schuster was the second President of Slovakia . He was elected on 29 May 1999 and inaugurated on 15 June. Schuster was defeated in the presidential elections of April 2004, in which he ran as an independent...
    
    , President of Slovakia (1999–2004)
  • Prime Minister - Mikuláš Dzurinda
    Mikuláš Dzurinda
    Mikuláš Dzurinda is a Slovak politician who was Prime Minister of Slovakia from 30 October 1998 to 4 July 2006. He was a founder and leader of the Slovak Democratic Coalition and the Slovak Democratic and Christian Union...
    
    , Prime Minister of Slovakia (1998–2006)
• Slovenia
  Slovenia
  Slovenia , officially the Republic of Slovenia , is a country in Central and Southeastern Europe touching the Alps and bordering the Mediterranean. Slovenia borders Italy to the west, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north, and also has a small portion of...
  
  
  • President - Milan Kučan
    Milan Kucan
    Milan Kučan is a Slovenian politician and statesman. He was the first President of Slovenia.-Early life and political beginnings:...
    
    , President of Slovenia (1990–2002)
  • Prime Minister - Janez Drnovšek
    Janez Drnovšek
    Janez Drnovšek was a Slovenian liberal politician, President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia , Prime Minister of Slovenia and President of Slovenia . He was born in Celje, Slovenia, then the Socialist Republic of Slovenia...
    
    , Prime Minister of Slovenia
    Prime Minister of Slovenia
    There have been six Prime Ministers of Slovenia since that country gained its independence in the breakup of Yugoslavia. Unlike the President of Slovenia, who is directly elected, the Prime Minister is appointed by the National Assembly, and must control a majority there in order to...
    
     (2000–2002)
• Spain
  Spain
  Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
  
  
  • Monarch - Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975–present)
  • Prime Minister - José María Aznar
    José María Aznar
    José María Alfredo Aznar López served as the Prime Minister of Spain from 1996 to 2004. He is on the board of directors of News Corporation.-Early life:...
    
    , President of the Government of Spain
    Prime Minister of Spain
    The President of the Government of Spain , sometimes known in English as the Prime Minister of Spain, is the head of Government of Spain. The current office is established under the Constitution of 1978...
    
     (1996–2004)
• Sweden
  Sweden
  Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
  
  
  • Monarch - Carl XVI Gustaf
    Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden
    Carl XVI Gustaf is the reigning King of Sweden since 15 September 1973, succeeding his grandfather King Gustaf VI Adolf because his father had predeceased him...
    
    , King of Sweden (1973–present)
  • Prime Minister - Göran Persson
    Göran Persson
    Hans Göran Persson was the Prime Minister of Sweden from 1996 to 2006 and the leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party from 1996 to 2007. Conceding defeat in the September 2006 general election, he announced that he would resign as party leader, and Mona Sahlin was elected to succeed him as...
    
    , Prime Minister of Sweden
    Prime Minister of Sweden
    The Prime Minister is the head of government in the Kingdom of Sweden. Before the creation of the office of a Prime Minister in 1876, Sweden did not have a head of government separate from its head of state, namely the King, in whom the executive authority was vested...
    
     (1996–2006)
• Switzerland
  Switzerland
  Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
  
  
  • Federal Council
    Swiss Federal Council
    The Federal Council is the seven-member executive council which constitutes the federal government of Switzerland and serves as the Swiss collective head of state....
    
     -

    Kaspar Villiger

    Kaspar Villiger

    Kaspar Villiger is a Swiss businessman, politician and former member of the Swiss Federal Council . He currently heads Swiss bank UBS.-Political career:On February 1, 1989, he was elected to the Swiss Federal Council...

    
     (1989–2003), Ruth Dreifuss

    Ruth Dreifuss

    Ruth Dreifuss is a Swiss politician affiliated with the Social Democratic Party. She was a member of the Swiss Federal Council from 1993 to 2002, representing the Canton of Geneva)....

    
     (1993–2002), Moritz Leuenberger

    Moritz Leuenberger

    Moritz Leuenberger is a Swiss politician, lawyer, was a member of the Swiss Federal Council from 1995 to 2010 and President of the Confederation in 2001 and in 2006....

    
     (1995–2010, President), Pascal Couchepin

    Pascal Couchepin

    Pascal Couchepin is a Swiss politician, former member of the Swiss Federal Council and President of the Confederation in 2003 and 2008...

    
     (1998–2009), Ruth Metzler

    Ruth Metzler

    Ruth Metzler-Arnold is a Swiss politician and former member of the Swiss Federal Council .She was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 11 March 1999, as a member of the Christian Democratic People's Party from the Canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden. During her time in office she has headed the...

    
     (1999–2003), Joseph Deiss

    Joseph Deiss

    Joseph Deiss is an economist, Swiss politician and a member of the Christian Democratic People's Party . From 1999 to 2006, he was a member of the Swiss Federal Council, heading first the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs and then the Federal Department of Economic Affairs...

    
     (1999–2006), Samuel Schmid

    Samuel Schmid

    Samuel Schmid is a Swiss politician who was a member of the Swiss Federal Council from 2000 to 2008. He was the head of the Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports .He was elected to the Federal Council on 6 December 2000...

    
     (2000–2008)

• Ukraine
  Ukraine
  Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
  
  
  • President - Leonid Kuchma
    Leonid Kuchma
    Leonid Danylovych Kuchma was the second President of independent Ukraine from 19 July 1994, to 23 January 2005. Kuchma took office after winning the 1994 presidential election against his rival, incumbent Leonid Kravchuk...
    
    , President of Ukraine
    President of Ukraine
    Prior to the formation of the modern Ukrainian presidency, the previous Ukrainian head of state office was officially established in exile by Andriy Livytskyi. At first the de facto leader of nation was the president of the Central Rada at early years of the Ukrainian People's Republic, while the...
    
     (1994–2005)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Viktor Yushchenko
       Viktor Yushchenko
       Viktor Andriyovych Yushchenko is a former President of Ukraine. He took office on January 23, 2005, following a period of popular unrest known as the Orange Revolution...
       
       , Prime Minister of Ukraine
       Prime Minister of Ukraine
       The Prime Minister of Ukraine is Ukraine's head of government presiding over the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, which is the highest body of the executive branch of the Ukrainian government....
       
        (1999–2001)
    2. Anatoliy Kinakh
       Anatoliy Kinakh
       Anatoliy Kyrylovych Kinakh is a Ukrainian politician and honorary professor at the Mykolaiv Government Humanitarian University. Kinakh is a People's Deputy of Ukraine in the 6th convocation of the Verkhovna Rada, the Ukrainian parliament...
       
       , Prime Minister of Ukraine
       Prime Minister of Ukraine
       The Prime Minister of Ukraine is Ukraine's head of government presiding over the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, which is the highest body of the executive branch of the Ukrainian government....
       
        (2001–2002)
• United Kingdom
  United Kingdom
  The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
  
  
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present)
  • Prime Minister - Tony Blair
    Tony Blair
    Anthony Charles Lynton Blair is a former British Labour Party politician who served as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2 May 1997 to 27 June 2007. He was the Member of Parliament for Sedgefield from 1983 to 2007 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1994 to 2007...
    
    , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
    Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
    The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the Head of Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Sovereign, to Parliament, to their political party and...
    
     (1997–2007)
  • Guernsey
    Guernsey
    Guernsey, officially the Bailiwick of Guernsey is a British Crown dependency in the English Channel off the coast of Normandy.The Bailiwick, as a governing entity, embraces not only all 10 parishes on the Island of Guernsey, but also the islands of Herm, Jethou, Burhou, and Lihou and their islet...
    
     (British Crown dependency
    Crown dependency
    The Crown Dependencies are British possessions of the Crown, as opposed to overseas territories of the United Kingdom. They comprise the Channel Island Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel, and the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea....
    
    )
    • Lieutenant-Governor - Sir John Paul Foley
      John Paul Foley
      Lieutenant General Sir John Paul Foley KCB, OBE, MC, DL is a retired British general with a long career in military intelligence. He is the great-grandson of Henry Hodgetts-Foley.-Military career:...
      
      , Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (2000–2005)
    • Bailiff - Sir de Vic Carey, Bailiff of Guernsey (1999–2005)
  • Jersey
    Jersey
    Jersey, officially the Bailiwick of Jersey is a British Crown Dependency off the coast of Normandy, France. As well as the island of Jersey itself, the bailiwick includes two groups of small islands that are no longer permanently inhabited, the Minquiers and Écréhous, and the Pierres de Lecq and...
    
     (British Crown dependency
    Crown dependency
    The Crown Dependencies are British possessions of the Crown, as opposed to overseas territories of the United Kingdom. They comprise the Channel Island Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel, and the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea....
    
    )
    • Lieutenant-Governor -
      1. Sir Michael Wilkes
         Michael Wilkes
         General Sir Michael John Wilkes KCB CBE KStJ is a former Adjutant-General to the Forces in the United Kingdom.-Military career:Educated at the King's School, Rochester, Michael Wilkes was commissioned in to the Royal Artillery in 1961. He served as Commanding Officer of 22 SAS and was appointed...
         
         , Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey (1995–2001)
      2. Sir John Cheshire
         John Cheshire
         Air Chief Marshal Sir John Anthony Cheshire KBE CB KStJ is a retired senior Royal Air Force commander.-RAF career:Born the son of Air Chief Marshal Sir Walter Cheshire and educated at Ipswich School and Worksop College, Cheshire joined the Royal Air Force as a cadet at the RAF College Cranwell in...
         
         , Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey (2001–2006)
    • Bailiff - Sir Philip Bailhache
      Philip Bailhache
      Sir Philip Martin Bailhache KBE is a Jersey politician and lawyer. He was elected as a Senator in the States of Jersey in October 2011. He previously held elected office as Deputy of Grouville 1972-1975...
      
      , Bailiff of Jersey (1995–2009)
  • Isle of Man
    Isle of Man
    The Isle of Man , otherwise known simply as Mann , is a self-governing British Crown Dependency, located in the Irish Sea between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland, within the British Isles. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who holds the title of Lord of Mann. The Lord of Mann is...
    
     (British Crown dependency
    Crown dependency
    The Crown Dependencies are British possessions of the Crown, as opposed to overseas territories of the United Kingdom. They comprise the Channel Island Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel, and the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea....
    
    )
    • Lieutenant-Governor - Ian Macfadyen
      Ian Macfadyen
      Air Marshal Ian David Macfadyen, CB, OBE, RAF , is a British retired Air Marshal who was the Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man until 14 October 2005...
      
      , Lieutenant-Governor of Man (2000–2005)
    • Chief minister -
      1. Donald Gelling
         Donald Gelling
         Donald James Gelling CBE CP, CInstSMM is a Manx former politician, who is a former Chief Minister of the Isle of Man who served two terms as Head of the Government.-Early life and career:...
         
         , Chief Minister of the Isle of Man
         Chief Minister of the Isle of Man
         The Chief Minister is the executive head of the Isle of Man Government.The office derives from that of Chairman of the Executive Council. Before 1980 the Executive Council was chaired by the Lieutenant Governor, but thereafter the chairman was elected by Tynwald, the parliament of the Isle of Man...
         
          (1996–2001)
      2. Richard Corkill
         Richard Corkill
         Richard Kenneth Corkill was the Chief Minister of the Isle of Man, December 2001 to December 2004. He was born in Douglas, Isle of Man. He was elected by Tynwald with 21 votes, defeating Edgar Quine, who received 10 votes....
         
         , Chief Minister of the Isle of Man
         Chief Minister of the Isle of Man
         The Chief Minister is the executive head of the Isle of Man Government.The office derives from that of Chairman of the Executive Council. Before 1980 the Executive Council was chaired by the Lieutenant Governor, but thereafter the chairman was elected by Tynwald, the parliament of the Isle of Man...
         
          (2001–2004)
  • Gibraltar
    Gibraltar
    Gibraltar is a British overseas territory located on the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula at the entrance of the Mediterranean. A peninsula with an area of , it has a northern border with Andalusia, Spain. The Rock of Gibraltar is the major landmark of the region...
    
     (British dependent territory)
    • Governor - Sir David Durie
      David Durie
      Sir David Robert Campbell Durie KCMG is a retired British civil servant, whose last major public appointment was as Governor of Gibraltar.-Career:...
      
      , Governor of Gibraltar
      Governor of Gibraltar
      The Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Gibraltar is the representative of the British monarch in the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. The Governor is appointed by the British Monarch on the advice of the British Government...
      
       (2000–2003)
    • Chief Minister - Peter Caruana
      Peter Caruana
      Peter Richard Caruana, QC is a Gibraltarian politician, and has been Chief Minister of Gibraltar since 1996, when his party, the Gibraltar Social Democrats , first came to power. His party was re-elected to office in 2000, 2003 and 2007...
      
      , Chief Minister of Gibraltar
      Chief Minister of Gibraltar
      The Chief Minister of Gibraltar is the leader of the largest party elected to the Gibraltar Parliament, and is formally appointed by the Governor of Gibraltar, representative of the British Crown.-List of Chief Ministers:...
      
       (1996–present)
• Vatican City
  Vatican City
  Vatican City , or Vatican City State, in Italian officially Stato della Città del Vaticano , which translates literally as State of the City of the Vatican, is a landlocked sovereign city-state whose territory consists of a walled enclave within the city of Rome, Italy. It has an area of...
  
  
  • Monarch - Pope John Paul II
    Pope John Paul II
    Blessed Pope John Paul II , born Karol Józef Wojtyła , reigned as Pope of the Catholic Church and Sovereign of Vatican City from 16 October 1978 until his death on 2 April 2005, at of age. His was the second-longest documented pontificate, which lasted ; only Pope Pius IX ...
    
    , Sovereign of Vatican City (1978–2005)
  • President of the Governorate - Edmund Szoka, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1997–2006)
  • Holy See
    Holy See
    The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, in which its Bishop is commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent episcopal see of the Catholic Church, forming the central government of the Church. As such, diplomatically, and in other spheres the Holy See acts and...
    
    
    • Secretary of State - Angelo Sodano
      Angelo Sodano
      Angelo Sodano is an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He is the current Dean of the College of Cardinals and former Vatican Secretary of State, having held that post from 1990 to 2006, under both popes John Paul II and Benedict XVI...
      
      , Cardinal Secretary of State of the Holy See
      Cardinal Secretary of State
      The Cardinal Secretary of State—officially Secretary of State of His Holiness The Pope—presides over the Holy See, usually known as the "Vatican", Secretariat of State, which is the oldest and most important dicastery of the Roman Curia...
      
       (1990–2006)
• Yugoslavia
  • President - Vojislav Koštunica
    Vojislav Koštunica
    Vojislav Koštunica is a Serbian politician, statesman and the president of the Democratic Party of Serbia. He was the last President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, succeeding Slobodan Milošević and serving from 2000 to 2003...
    
    , President of Yugoslavia
    President of Serbia and Montenegro
    The President of Serbia and Montenegro was the head of state of Serbia and Montenegro. From its establishment in 1992 until 2003, when the country was reconstituted as a conferederacy via constitutional reform, the head of state was known as the President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia...
    
     (2000–2003)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Zoran Žižić
       Zoran Žižic
       Zoran Žižić is a politician from Montenegro.A member of the Socialist People's Party of Montenegro, he became Prime Minister of Yugoslavia on November 4, 2000 shortly after the fall of Slobodan Milošević, when his colleague Momir Bulatović's cabinet collapsed...
       
       , Prime Minister of Yugoslavia
       Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro
       The Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro was the head of government of Serbia and Montenegro from its establishment in 1992 up until the state's dissolution in 2006...
       
        (2000–2001)
    2. Dragiša Pešić
       Dragiša Pešic
       Dragiša Pešić is a politician from Montenegro who was the last Prime Minister of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia before it was officially transformed into the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro in February 2003.He studied economic sciences at University of Sarajevo's...
       
       , Prime Minister of Yugoslavia
       Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro
       The Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro was the head of government of Serbia and Montenegro from its establishment in 1992 up until the state's dissolution in 2006...
       
        (2001–2003)
  • Kosovo
    Kosovo
    Kosovo is a region in southeastern Europe. Part of the Ottoman Empire for more than five centuries, later the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija within Serbia...
    
     (Self-Governing Entity under UN administration)
    • UN Special Representative -
      1. Bernard Kouchner
         Bernard Kouchner
         Bernard Kouchner is a French politician, diplomat, and doctor. He is co-founder of Médecins Sans Frontières and Médecins du Monde...
         
         , Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Kosovo
         Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Kosovo
         The Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Kosovo is an appointed by the Secretary-General to lead the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo...
         
          (1999–2001)
      2. Hans Hækkerup, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Kosovo
         Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Kosovo
         The Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Kosovo is an appointed by the Secretary-General to lead the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo...
         
          (2001)

North America

• Anguilla
  Anguilla
  Anguilla is a British overseas territory and overseas territory of the European Union in the Caribbean. It is one of the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles, lying east of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands and directly north of Saint Martin...
  
   (British dependent territory)
  • Governor - Peter Johnstone
    Peter Johnstone
    Peter Johnstone was the governor of Anguilla from 4 February 2000 until 29 April 2004.-External links:*...
    
    , Governor of Anguilla
    Governor of Anguilla
    The Governor of Anguilla is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Anguilla. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
    
     (2000–2004)
  • Chief Minister - Osbourne Fleming
    Osbourne Fleming
    Osbourne Berrington Fleming is a politician and the chief minister of Anguilla. He held that post from March 6, 2000, three days after the Anguilla United Front, a conservative coalition which included Fleming's Anguilla National Alliance won parliamentary elections, gaining at least 4 of the 7...
    
    , Chief Minister of Anguilla
    Chief Minister of Anguilla
    -List of Chief Ministers of Anguilla:...
    
     (2000–2010)
• Antigua and Barbuda
  Antigua and Barbuda
  Antigua and Barbuda is a twin-island nation lying between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. It consists of two major inhabited islands, Antigua and Barbuda, and a number of smaller islands...
  
  -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Antigua and Barbuda
    Monarch of Antigua and Barbuda
    Antigua and Barbuda is a constitutional monarchy and a Commonwealth realm, with Queen Elizabeth II as its reigning monarch since November 1, 1981...
    
     (1981–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir James Carlisle
    James Carlisle
    Sir James Beethoven Carlisle, GCMG is the former Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda. Selected by Prime Minister, Vere Cornwall Bird on June 10, 1993 and appointed by the Queen of Antigua his term was terminated on June 30, 2007 - a period of 14 years...
    
    , Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (1993–2007)
  • Prime Minister - Lester Bird
    Lester Bird
    Lester Bryant Bird was the second Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda from 1994 to 2004 and a well-known athlete. He was chairman of the Antigua Labour Party from 1971 to 1993, then became Prime Minister when his father, Vere Bird, the previous Prime Minister, resigned.Bird was born on February...
    
    , Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (1994–2004)
• Aruba
  Aruba
  Aruba is a 33 km-long island of the Lesser Antilles in the southern Caribbean Sea, located 27 km north of the coast of Venezuela and 130 km east of Guajira Peninsula...
  
   (constituent country
  Constituent country
  Constituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity. The term constituent country does not have any defined legal meaning, and is used simply to refer to a country which is a part Constituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts...
  
   of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
  Kingdom of the Netherlands
  The Kingdom of the Netherlands is a sovereign state and constitutional monarchy with territory in Western Europe and in the Caribbean. The four parts of the Kingdom—Aruba, Curaçao, the Netherlands, and Sint Maarten—are referred to as "countries", and participate on a basis of equality...
  
  )
  • Governor - Olindo Koolman
    Olindo Koolman
    Olindo Koolman was the second Governor of Aruba and served two terms of six years as governor from 12 March 1992 until 11 May 2004.-References:...
    
    , Governor of Aruba
    Governor of Aruba
    The Governor of Aruba is the representative on Aruba of the Dutch head of state . The governors duties are twofold: he represents and guards the general interests of the Kingdom and is head of the Aruban Government. He is accountable to the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. As the head...
    
     (1992–2004)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Henny Eman
       Henny Eman
       Jan Hendrik Albert "Henny" Eman was the first Prime Minister of Aruba from 1 January 1986 to 9 February 1989 and again from 29 July 1994 to 30 October 2001.- Introduction :thumb|left| Memorial stone at Leiden cafe "Het Keizertje"...
       
       , Prime Minister of Aruba
       Prime Minister of Aruba
       The Prime Minister of Aruba is Aruba's head of government. Together with Aruba's Council of Ministers, they form the executive branch of Aruban government.-List of Prime Ministers of Aruba:...
       
        (1994–2001)
    2. Nelson Oduber, Prime Minister of Aruba
       Prime Minister of Aruba
       The Prime Minister of Aruba is Aruba's head of government. Together with Aruba's Council of Ministers, they form the executive branch of Aruban government.-List of Prime Ministers of Aruba:...
       
        (2001–2009)
• The Bahamas
  The Bahamas
  The Bahamas , officially the Commonwealth of the Bahamas, is a nation consisting of 29 islands, 661 cays, and 2,387 islets . It is located in the Atlantic Ocean north of Cuba and Hispaniola , northwest of the Turks and Caicos Islands, and southeast of the United States...
  
  -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of the Bahamas (1973–present)
  • Governor-General -
    1. Sir Orville Turnquest, Governor-General of the Bahamas (1995–2001)
    2. Dame Ivy Dumont
       Ivy Dumont
       Dame Ivy Leona Dumont, DCMG was the sixth Governor-General of the Bahamas. She was a Bahamian hero.She was the first woman in the Bahamas to hold this office, from January 1, 2002 until November 30, 2005. She previously served as Education Minister from 1995 to 2001.-External links:*...
       
       , Governor-General of the Bahamas (2001–2005)
  • Prime Minister - Hubert Ingraham
    Hubert Ingraham
    Hubert Alexander Ingraham is the Prime Minister of the Bahamas. He first served as Prime Minister from August 1992 until May 2002 and became Prime Minister again in 2007. He is a member of the Free National Movement Party . The Rt. Hon. Hubert A...
    
    , Prime Minister of the Bahamas (1992–2002)
• Barbados
  Barbados
  Barbados is an island country in the Lesser Antilles. It is in length and as much as in width, amounting to . It is situated in the western area of the North Atlantic and 100 kilometres east of the Windward Islands and the Caribbean Sea; therein, it is about east of the islands of Saint...
  
  -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Barbados (1966–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Clifford Husbands
    Clifford Husbands
    Sir Clifford Straughn Husbands, GCMG, KA, QC was the Governor-General of Barbados. He held this office from 1996, when he was appointed after the death of Dame Nita Barrow, until he retired on 31 October 2011.-External links:*...
    
    , Governor-General of Barbados (1996–2011)
  • Prime Minister - Owen Arthur
    Owen Arthur
    Owen Seymour Arthur, MP was the fifth Prime Minister of Barbados who was in office from 1994 to 2008 and is the current Leader of Opposition in Barbados. To date, he is the longest serving Barbadian Prime Minister....
    
    , Prime Minister of Barbados (1994–2008)
• Belize
  Belize
  Belize is a constitutional monarchy and the northernmost country in Central America. Belize has a diverse society, comprising many cultures and languages. Even though Kriol and Spanish are spoken among the population, Belize is the only country in Central America where English is the official...
  
  -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Belize (1981–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Colville Young
    Colville Young
    Sir Colville Norbert Young, GCMG, MBE is the Governor General of Belize, and also patron of the Scout Association of Belize. He was appointed Governor-General in 1993, taking office on 17 November of that year, and was knighted in 1994....
    
    , Governor-General of Belize (1993–present)
  • Prime Minister - Said Musa
    Said Musa
    Said Wilbert Musa is a Belizean lawyer and politician. He was the Prime Minister of Belize from August 28, 1998 to February 8, 2008.-Early life and education:Said Musa was born in San Ignacio, Cayo District, Belize...
    
    , Prime Minister of Belize (1998–2008)
• Bermuda
  Bermuda
  Bermuda is a British overseas territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. Located off the east coast of the United States, its nearest landmass is Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, about to the west-northwest. It is about south of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, and northeast of Miami, Florida...
  
   (British dependent territory)
  • Governor - Thorold Masefield, Governor of Bermuda
    Governor of Bermuda
    The Governor of Bermuda is the representative of the British monarch in the British overseas territory of Bermuda. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
    
     (1997–2002)
  • Premier - Jennifer M. Smith
    Jennifer M. Smith
    Dame Jennifer Meredith Smith, DBE, JP, DHumL, MP was the premier of Bermuda from 1998 until 2003, the first premier who was not a member of the United Bermuda Party...
    
    , Premier of Bermuda (1998–2003)
• British Virgin Islands
  British Virgin Islands
  The Virgin Islands, often called the British Virgin Islands , is a British overseas territory and overseas territory of the European Union, located in the Caribbean to the east of Puerto Rico. The islands make up part of the Virgin Islands archipelago, the remaining islands constituting the U.S...
  
   (British dependent territory)
  • Governor - Frank Savage, Governor of the British Virgin Islands
    Governor of the British Virgin Islands
    The Governor of the British Virgin Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of British Virgin Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
    
     (1998–2002)
  • Chief Minister - Ralph T. O'Neal
    Ralph T. O'Neal
    Ralph Telford O'Neal, OBE is the former Premier of the British Virgin Islands, and is expected to be appointed as the leader of the opposition...
    
    , Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands (1995–2003)
• Canada
  Canada
  Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
  
  
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Canada
    Monarchy in Canada
    The monarchy of Canada is the core of both Canada's federalism and its Westminster-style parliamentary democracy, being the foundation of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the Canadian government and each provincial government...
    
     (1952–present)
  • Governor General - Adrienne Clarkson
    Adrienne Clarkson
    Adrienne Louise Clarkson is a Canadian journalist and stateswoman who served as Governor General of Canada, the 26th since Canadian Confederation....
    
    , Governor General of Canada (1999–2005)
  • Prime Minister - Jean Chrétien
    Jean Chrétien
    Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien , known commonly as Jean Chrétien is a former Canadian politician who was the 20th Prime Minister of Canada. He served in the position for over ten years, from November 4, 1993 to December 12, 2003....
    
    , Prime Minister of Canada (1993–2003)
• Cayman Islands
  Cayman Islands
  The Cayman Islands is a British Overseas Territory and overseas territory of the European Union located in the western Caribbean Sea. The territory comprises the three islands of Grand Cayman, Cayman Brac, and Little Cayman, located south of Cuba and northwest of Jamaica...
  
   (British dependent territory)
  • Governor - Peter Smith
    Peter Smith (diplomat)
    Peter Smith, CBE is a retired British diplomat who was the British Ambassador to Madagascar, the British High Commissioner to Lesotho and in his final position was Governor of the Cayman Islands. He held this position from May 1999 until retirement in May 2002.-References:...
    
    , Governor of the Cayman Islands
    Governor of the Cayman Islands
    The Governor of the Cayman Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of the Cayman Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
    
     (1999–2002)
  • Head of Government -
    1. Kurt Tibbetts
       Kurt Tibbetts
       Darwin Kurt Tibbetts, OBE is a Caymanian politician. Tibbetts is a former Leader of Government Business in the Cayman Islands. He currently serves as the First Elected Member for George Town, serving his fifth term in the Legislative Assembly of the Cayman Islands...
       
       , Leader of Government Business of the Cayman Islands
       Leader of Government Business
       The Premier of the Cayman Islands is the political leader and head of government. The post of Premier in the Cayman Islands is the equivalent to Chief Minister or Prime Minister in other British Overseas Territories. It is the highest political level that can be attained within the British colonial...
       
        (2000–2001)
    2. McKeeva Bush
       McKeeva Bush
       William McKeeva Bush, OBE , is a Caymanian politician and the current Premier of the Cayman Islands. He also serves as leader of the United Democratic Party and the first elected member for West Bay...
       
       , Leader of Government Business of the Cayman Islands
       Leader of Government Business
       The Premier of the Cayman Islands is the political leader and head of government. The post of Premier in the Cayman Islands is the equivalent to Chief Minister or Prime Minister in other British Overseas Territories. It is the highest political level that can be attained within the British colonial...
       
        (2001–2005)
• Costa Rica
  Costa Rica
  Costa Rica , officially the Republic of Costa Rica is a multilingual, multiethnic and multicultural country in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Caribbean Sea to the east....
  
  
  • President - Miguel Ángel Rodríguez
    Miguel Ángel Rodríguez
    Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Echeverría is a Costa Rican economist, lawyer, businessman, and politician. He served as President of Costa Rica from 1998 to 2002 and was briefly Secretary General of the Organization of American States in 2004, before stepping down and returning to his country to face...
    
    , President of Costa Rica (1998–2002)
• Cuba
  Cuba
  The Republic of Cuba is an island nation in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos. Havana is the largest city in Cuba and the country's capital. Santiago de Cuba is the second largest city...
  
  
  • Communist Party Leader - Fidel Castro
    Fidel Castro
    Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz is a Cuban revolutionary and politician, having held the position of Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and then President from 1976 to 2008. He also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from the party's foundation in 1961 until 2011...
    
    , First secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba
    Communist Party of Cuba
    The Communist Party of Cuba is the governing political party in Cuba. It is a communist party of the Marxist-Leninist model. The Cuban constitution ascribes the role of the Party to be the "leading force of society and of the state"...
    
     (1965–2011)
  • President - Fidel Castro
    Fidel Castro
    Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz is a Cuban revolutionary and politician, having held the position of Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and then President from 1976 to 2008. He also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from the party's foundation in 1961 until 2011...
    
    , President of the Council of State of Cuba
    President of Cuba
    --209.174.31.28 18:43, 22 November 2011 The President of Cuba is the Head of state of Cuba. According to the Cuban Constitution of 1976, the President is the chief executive of the Council of State of Cuba...
    
     (1976–2008)
  • Premier - Fidel Castro
    Fidel Castro
    Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz is a Cuban revolutionary and politician, having held the position of Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and then President from 1976 to 2008. He also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from the party's foundation in 1961 until 2011...
    
    , President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba
    Prime Minister of Cuba
    Prime Minister of Cuba was a position in the government of Cuba. Fidel Castro assumed the position of Prime Minister in 1959 replacing José Miró Cardona....
    
     (1959–2008)
• Dominica
  Dominica
  Dominica , officially the Commonwealth of Dominica, is an island nation in the Lesser Antilles region of the Caribbean Sea, south-southeast of Guadeloupe and northwest of Martinique. Its size is and the highest point in the country is Morne Diablotins, which has an elevation of . The Commonwealth...
  
  -
  • President - Vernon Shaw
    Vernon Shaw
    Vernon Lorden Shaw was the fifth President of Dominica. He is an alumnus of the Dominica Grammar School and Trinity College, Oxford. He was a career civil servant, rising to the post of Cabinet Secretary in 1977, and retiring in 1990. He was elected to a five-year term by the House of Assembly on...
    
    , President of Dominica (1998–2003)
  • Prime Minister - Pierre Charles
    Pierre Charles
    Pierre Charles was Prime Minister of Dominica from 2000 to 2004 as well as Member of Parliament for Grand Bay, Dominica from 1985 until his death. He was born in Grand Bay in Saint Patrick parish. He began his high school education at the Dominica Grammar School and completed it at the St...
    
    , Prime Minister of Dominica (2000–2004)
• Dominican Republic
  Dominican Republic
  The Dominican Republic is a nation on the island of La Hispaniola, part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands that are shared by two countries...
  
  
  • President - Hipólito Mejía
    Hipólito Mejía
    Rafael Hipólito Mejía Domínguez is a Dominican politician and former President of the Dominican Republic...
    
    , President of the Dominican Republic (2000–2004)
• El Salvador
  El Salvador
  El Salvador or simply Salvador is the smallest and the most densely populated country in Central America. The country's capital city and largest city is San Salvador; Santa Ana and San Miguel are also important cultural and commercial centers in the country and in all of Central America...
  
  
  • President - Francisco Flores Pérez
    Francisco Flores Pérez
    Francisco Guillermo Flores Pérez is an ex president of El Salvador. He led the country from June 1 1999 until June 1 2004 as a member of the conservative Nationalist Republican Alliance .-Background:...
    
    , President of El Salvador (1999–2004)
• Grenada
  Grenada
  Grenada is an island country and Commonwealth Realm consisting of the island of Grenada and six smaller islands at the southern end of the Grenadines in the southeastern Caribbean Sea...
  
  
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Grenada (1974–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Daniel Williams, Governor-General of Grenada (1996–2008)
  • Prime Minister - Keith Mitchell
    Keith Mitchell
    Keith Claudius Mitchell is a Grenadian politician who served as Prime Minister of Grenada from 1995 to 2008. He was the longest serving Prime Minister Grenada has ever had, serving just over 13 years as Prime Minister...
    
    , Prime Minister of Grenada (1995–2008)
• Guatemala
  Guatemala
  Guatemala is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, Belize to the northeast, the Caribbean to the east, and Honduras and El Salvador to the southeast...
  
  
  • President - Alfonso Portillo
    Alfonso Portillo
    Alfonso Antonio Portillo Cabrera is a Guatemalan politician. He served as the President of the Republic of Guatemala from 2000 to 2004....
    
    , President of Guatemala
    President of Guatemala
    The title of President of Guatemala has been the usual title of the leader of Guatemala since 1839, when that title was assumed by Mariano Rivera Paz...
    
     (2000–2004)
• Haiti
  Haiti
  Haiti , officially the Republic of Haiti , is a Caribbean country. It occupies the western, smaller portion of the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antillean archipelago, which it shares with the Dominican Republic. Ayiti was the indigenous Taíno or Amerindian name for the island...
  
  
  • President -
    1. René Préval
       René Préval
       René Garcia Préval is a Haitian politician and agronomist who was the President of the Republic of Haiti from 14 May 2006 to 14 May 2011. He previously served as President from February 7, 1996, to February 7, 2001, and as Prime Minister from February 1991 to October 11, 1991.-Early life and...
       
       , President of Haiti (1996–2001)
    2. Jean-Bertrand Aristide
       Jean-Bertrand Aristide
       Jean-Bertrand Aristide is a Haitian former Catholic priest and politician who served as Haiti's first democratically elected president. A proponent of liberation theology, Aristide was appointed to a parish in Port-au-Prince in 1982 after completing his studies...
       
       , President of Haiti (2001–2004)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Jacques-Édouard Alexis
       Jacques-Édouard Alexis
       Jacques-Édouard Alexis is a Haitian politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Haiti from 1999 to 2001 and was Prime Minister for a second term from 2006 to 2008 when he was dismissed due to political fallout from food riots....
       
       , Prime Minister of Haiti
       Prime Minister of Haiti
       The Prime Minister of the Republic of Haiti is the head of government of Haiti. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and ratified by the National Assembly. He or she appoints the Ministers and Secretaries of State and goes before the National Assembly to obtain a vote of confidence for...
       
        (1999–2001)
    2. Jean-Marie Chérestal, Prime Minister of Haiti
       Prime Minister of Haiti
       The Prime Minister of the Republic of Haiti is the head of government of Haiti. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and ratified by the National Assembly. He or she appoints the Ministers and Secretaries of State and goes before the National Assembly to obtain a vote of confidence for...
       
        (2001–2002)
• Honduras
  Honduras
  Honduras is a republic in Central America. It was previously known as Spanish Honduras to differentiate it from British Honduras, which became the modern-day state of Belize...
  
  
  • President - Carlos Roberto Flores
    Carlos Roberto Flores
    Carlos Roberto Flores Facussé was President of Honduras from 27 January 1998 to 27 January 2002 and President of the National Congress from 25 January 1994 to 25 January 1998.- Biography :...
    
    , President of Honduras (1998–2002)
• Jamaica
  Jamaica
  Jamaica is an island nation of the Greater Antilles, in length, up to in width and 10,990 square kilometres in area. It is situated in the Caribbean Sea, about south of Cuba, and west of Hispaniola, the island harbouring the nation-states Haiti and the Dominican Republic...
  
  
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Jamaica (1962–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Howard Cooke
    Howard Cooke
    Sir Howard Felix Hanlan Cooke, ON, GCMG, GCVO, CD, K.St.J was the Governor-General of Jamaica from August 1, 1991 until February 15, 2006 when he became the first governor-general to invest his own successor, Professor Kenneth Octavius Hall...
    
    , Governor-General of Jamaica (1991–2006)
  • Prime Minister - P. J. Patterson
    P. J. Patterson
    Percival Noel James Patterson, ON, QC, PC, O.E., was the sixth Prime Minister of Jamaica from 1992 to 2006. Until February 2006 he was the leader of the Jamaican People's National Party . The new PNP leader, Portia Simpson-Miller, took over as Prime Minister on 30 March 2006...
    
    , Prime Minister of Jamaica
    Prime Minister of Jamaica
    The Prime Minister of Jamaica is Jamaica's head of government, currently Andrew Holness. Andrew Holness was elected as the new leader of the governing Jamaica Labour Party and succeeded Bruce Golding to become Jamaica's ninth Prime Minister on 23 October 2011...
    
     (1992–2006)
• Mexico
  Mexico
  The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
  
  
  • President - Vicente Fox
    Vicente Fox
    Vicente Fox Quesada is a Mexican former politician who served as President of Mexico from 1 December 2000 to 30 November 2006 and currently serves as co-President of the Centrist Democrat International, an international organization of Christian democratic political parties.Fox was elected...
    
    , President of Mexico (2000–2006)
• Montserrat
  Montserrat
  Montserrat is a British overseas territory located in the Leeward Islands, part of the chain of islands called the Lesser Antilles in the West Indies. This island measures approximately long and wide, giving of coastline...
  
   (British dependent territory)
  • Governor -
    1. Anthony John Abbott
       Anthony John Abbott (governor)
       Anthony John "Tony" Abbott, CMG, OBE is a British diplomat, who served as Governor of Montserrat from 1997 to 2001.Abbott was born in Ashton-under-Lyne, Greater Manchester in 1941, and joined the British diplomatic service in 1959...
       
       , Governor of Montserrat
       Governor of Montserrat
       The Governor of Montserrat is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Montserrat. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
       
        (1997–2001)
    2. Howard A. Fergus, Acting Governor of Montserrat
       Governor of Montserrat
       The Governor of Montserrat is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Montserrat. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
       
        (2001)
    3. Tony Longrigg
       Tony Longrigg
       Anthony James "Tony" Longrigg, CMG is a British diplomat. He was Governor of Montserrat from 2001 to 2004.He joined the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in 1972, and was posted in Moscow and Madrid...
       
       , Governor of Montserrat
       Governor of Montserrat
       The Governor of Montserrat is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Montserrat. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
       
        (2001–2004)
  • Chief Minister -
    1. David Brandt
       David Brandt (politician)
       David Brandt is a politician from Montserrat. He served as the territory's Chief Minister from 22 August 1997 to 5 April 2001.- References :* , 19 August 2009, CSME Network News. Retrieved Jan 5, 2011....
       
       , Chief Minister of Montserrat
       Chief Minister of Montserrat
       The Chief Minister of Montserrat is the head of government of Montserrat, an island in the Caribbean that is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom, appointed by the Governor of Montserrat on behalf of Queen Elizabeth II, Montserrat's head of state. The current Chief Minister of Montserrat is...
       
        (1997–2001)
    2. John Osborne
       John Osborne (politician)
       John Alfred Osborne was a chief minister of Montserrat.He first came to that position in November 1978, as a member of the People's Liberation Movement, and continued until losing legislative council elections on October 10, 1991. By 2001 he had switched parties, joining the New People's...
       
       , Chief Minister of Montserrat
       Chief Minister of Montserrat
       The Chief Minister of Montserrat is the head of government of Montserrat, an island in the Caribbean that is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom, appointed by the Governor of Montserrat on behalf of Queen Elizabeth II, Montserrat's head of state. The current Chief Minister of Montserrat is...
       
        (2001–2006)
• Netherlands Antilles
  Netherlands Antilles
  The Netherlands Antilles , also referred to informally as the Dutch Antilles, was an autonomous Caribbean country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, consisting of two groups of islands in the Lesser Antilles: Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao , in Leeward Antilles just off the Venezuelan coast; and Sint...
  
   (constituent country
  Constituent country
  Constituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity. The term constituent country does not have any defined legal meaning, and is used simply to refer to a country which is a part Constituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts...
  
   of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
  Kingdom of the Netherlands
  The Kingdom of the Netherlands is a sovereign state and constitutional monarchy with territory in Western Europe and in the Caribbean. The four parts of the Kingdom—Aruba, Curaçao, the Netherlands, and Sint Maarten—are referred to as "countries", and participate on a basis of equality...
  
  )
  • Governor - Jaime Saleh, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles
    Governor of the Netherlands Antilles
    The Governor of the Netherlands Antilles was the representative of the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the Netherlands Antilles and the head of the National Government of the Netherlands Antilles....
    
     (1990–2002)
  • Prime Minister - Miguel Arcangel Pourier, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (1999–2002)
• Nicaragua
  Nicaragua
  Nicaragua is the largest country in the Central American American isthmus, bordered by Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. The country is situated between 11 and 14 degrees north of the Equator in the Northern Hemisphere, which places it entirely within the tropics. The Pacific Ocean...
  
  
  • President - Arnoldo Alemán
    Arnoldo Alemán
    José Arnoldo Alemán Lacayo was the 81st President of Nicaragua from 10 January 1997 to 10 January 2002.-Biography:Alemán was born in Managua and received his early education at the La Salle institute in Managua...
    
    , President of Nicaragua (1997–2002)
• Panama
  Panama
  Panama , officially the Republic of Panama , is the southernmost country of Central America. Situated on the isthmus connecting North and South America, it is bordered by Costa Rica to the northwest, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south. The...
  
  
  • President - Mireya Moscoso
    Mireya Moscoso
    Mireya Elisa Moscoso Rodríguez de Arias is a Panamanian political figure. She was the President of Panama from 1999 to 2004, representing the Arnulfista Party...
    
    , President of Panama (1999–2004)
• Saint Kitts and Nevis
  Saint Kitts and Nevis
  The Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis , located in the Leeward Islands, is a federal two-island nation in the West Indies. It is the smallest sovereign state in the Americas, in both area and population....
  
  
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Cuthbert Sebastian
    Cuthbert Sebastian
    Sir Cuthbert Montraville Sebastian, GCMG, OBE , is the Governor-General of St. Kitts and Nevis. He was appointed Governor-General in 1995 and was sworn in on 1 January 1996....
    
    , Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1996–present)
  • Prime Minister - Denzil Douglas
    Denzil Douglas
    Denzil Llewellyn Douglas has been Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis since July 1995. He leads the Saint Kitts and Nevis Labour Party. He is the longest serving Prime Minister Saint Kitts and Nevis has ever had....
    
    , Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1995–present)
• Saint Lucia
  Saint Lucia
  Saint Lucia is an island country in the eastern Caribbean Sea on the boundary with the Atlantic Ocean. Part of the Lesser Antilles, it is located north/northeast of the island of Saint Vincent, northwest of Barbados and south of Martinique. It covers a land area of 620 km2 and has an...
  
  
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Saint Lucia (1979–present)
  • Governor-General - Dame Pearlette Louisy
    Pearlette Louisy
    Dame Pearlette Louisy, GCMG is the Governor-General of Saint Lucia. She is the first woman to hold this office, which she was sworn into on 19 September 1997....
    
    , Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1997–present)
  • Prime Minister - Kenny Anthony
    Kenny Anthony
    Kenny Davis Anthony is a Saint Lucian politician who was the fifth Prime Minister of Saint Lucia from 1997 to 2006. As leader of the Saint Lucia Labour Party, he was Leader of the Opposition from 2006 to 2011 and returned to office as Prime Minister on 30 November 2011 following the 2011...
    
    , Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (1997–2006)
• Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Territorial collectivity of France)
  • Prefect -
    1. Francis Spitzer, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
       Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
       The prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon is the local representative of the President of France and in effect the Governor or Executive officer of the territory.- Overview :...
       
        (1999–2001)
    2. Jean-François Tallec, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
       Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
       The prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon is the local representative of the President of France and in effect the Governor or Executive officer of the territory.- Overview :...
       
        (2001–2002)
  • President of the General Council - Marc Plantegenest, President of the General Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2000–2005)
• Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is an island country in the Lesser Antilles chain, namely in the southern portion of the Windward Islands, which lie at the southern end of the eastern border of the Caribbean Sea where the latter meets the Atlantic Ocean....
  
  
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Charles Antrobus
    Charles Antrobus
    Sir Charles James Antrobus, GCMG, OBE was the Governor-General of St. Vincent and the Grenadines from June 1, 1996, until his death. He died in Toronto and was temporarily replaced by Monica Dacon....
    
    , Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1996–2002)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Arnhim Eustace
       Arnhim Eustace
       Arnhim Ulric Eustace is a Vincentian politician and economist, who was the third Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and is the current leader of the New Democratic Party ....
       
       , Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2000–2001)
    2. Ralph Gonsalves
       Ralph Gonsalves
       Ralph Everard Gonsalves , also known as "Comrade Ralph", is the fourth and current Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and leader of the Unity Labour Party . Gonsalves became Prime Minister after his party won a majority government in the 2001 general election...
       
       , Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2001–present)
• Trinidad and Tobago
  Trinidad and Tobago
  Trinidad and Tobago officially the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago is an archipelagic state in the southern Caribbean, lying just off the coast of northeastern Venezuela and south of Grenada in the Lesser Antilles...
  
  
  • President - A. N. R. Robinson
    A. N. R. Robinson
    Arthur Napoleon Raymond Robinson, OCC, TC was the third President of Trinidad and Tobago, serving from 19 March 1997 to 17 March 2003. He was also Trinidad and Tobago's third Prime Minister, serving in that capacity from 18 December 1986 to 17 December 1991...
    
    , President of Trinidad and Tobago (1997–2003)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Basdeo Panday
       Basdeo Panday
       Basdeo Panday was the 5th Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago from 1995 to 2001 and has served as Leader of the Opposition from 1976–1977, 1978–1986, 1989–1995 and 2001–2010. He was first elected to Parliament in 1976 as the Member for Couva North. He is the former...
       
       , Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1995–2001)
    2. Patrick Manning
       Patrick Manning
       Patrick Augustus Mervyn Manning was the fourth and sixth Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago, as well as the former Political Leader of the People's National Movement . He served as Prime Minister from 17 December 1991 to 9 November 1995 and held that office again from 24 December 2001 until 26...
       
       , Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (2001–2010)
• Turks and Caicos Islands
  Turks and Caicos Islands
  The Turks and Caicos Islands are a British Overseas Territory and overseas territory of the European Union consisting of two groups of tropical islands in the Caribbean, the larger Caicos Islands and the smaller Turks Islands, known for tourism and as an offshore financial centre.The Turks and...
  
   (British dependent territory)
  • Governor - Mervyn Jones
    Mervyn Jones
    Mervyn Thomas Jones is a British diplomat who was Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands from January 2000 to November 2002. Jones was succeeded by acting Governor Cynthia Astwood on 26 November 2002...
    
    , Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands
    Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands
    The Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Turks and Caicos Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
    
     (2000–2002)
  • Chief Minister - Derek Hugh Taylor
    Derek Hugh Taylor
    Derek Hugh Taylor was Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 31 January 1995 to 15 August 2003. He is the former leader of the People's Democratic Movement party and is now retired.-External links:*...
    
    , Chief Minister of Turks and Caicos Islands
    Premier of the Turks and Caicos Islands
    This is a list of Chief Ministers and Premiers of the Turks and Caicos Islands.-Chief Ministers of the Turks and Caicos Islands:-Premiers of the Turks and Caicos Islands:...
    
     (1995–2003)
• United States of America
  • President -
    1. Bill Clinton
       Bill Clinton
       William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Inaugurated at age 46, he was the third-youngest president. He took office at the end of the Cold War, and was the first president of the baby boomer generation...
       
       , President of the United States
       President of the United States
       The President of the United States of America is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces....
       
        (1993–2001)
    2. George W. Bush
       George W. Bush
       George Walker Bush is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States, from 2001 to 2009. Before that, he was the 46th Governor of Texas, having served from 1995 to 2000....
       
       , President of the United States
       President of the United States
       The President of the United States of America is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces....
       
        (2001–2009)
  • Puerto Rico
    Puerto Rico
    Puerto Rico , officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico , is an unincorporated territory of the United States, located in the northeastern Caribbean, east of the Dominican Republic and west of both the United States Virgin Islands and the British Virgin Islands.Puerto Rico comprises an...
    
     (Commonwealth
    Commonwealth (United States insular area)
    In the terminology of the United States insular areas, a Commonwealth is a type of organized but unincorporated dependent territory.The definition of "Commonwealth" according to current U.S. State Department policy reads: "The term 'Commonwealth' does not describe or provide for any specific...
    
     of the United States)
    • Governor -
      1. Pedro Rosselló
         Pedro Rosselló
         Pedro Juan Rosselló González, M.D., , is a Puerto Rican physician and politician who served as the sixth Governor of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico from 1993 to 2001...
         
         , Governor of Puerto Rico
         Governor of Puerto Rico
         The Governor of Puerto Rico is the Head of Government of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Since 1948, the Governor has been elected by the people of Puerto Rico...
         
          (1993–2001)
      2. Sila María Calderón
         Sila María Calderón
         Sila María Calderón Serra is a Puerto Rican politician and businesswoman who served as the seventh Governor of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico from 2001 to 2005. She is the first and, to date, only woman elected to that office...
         
         , Governor of Puerto Rico
         Governor of Puerto Rico
         The Governor of Puerto Rico is the Head of Government of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Since 1948, the Governor has been elected by the people of Puerto Rico...
         
          (2001–2005)
  • United States Virgin Islands
    United States Virgin Islands
    The Virgin Islands of the United States are a group of islands in the Caribbean that are an insular area of the United States. The islands are geographically part of the Virgin Islands archipelago and are located in the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles.The U.S...
    
     (Insular area
    Insular area
    An insular area is a United States territory, that is neither a part of one of the fifty U.S. states nor the District of Columbia, the federal district of the United States...
    
     of the United States)
    • Governor - Charles Wesley Turnbull
      Charles Wesley Turnbull
      Charles Wesley Turnbull , was the 26th Governor of the U.S. Virgin Islands.He was born on St. Thomas. Prior to being elected in 1998, he was a professor at the University of the Virgin Islands, Commissioner and Assistant Commissioner of the territorial Department of Education, principal and...
      
      , Governor of US Virgin Islands (1999–2007)

Oceania

• American Samoa
  American Samoa
  American Samoa is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of the sovereign state of Samoa...
  
   (unorganized
  Unorganized territory
  An unorganized territory is a region of land without a "normally" constituted system of government. This does not mean that the territory has no government at all or that it is unclaimed territory...
  
  , unincorporated territory of the United States)
  • Governor - Tauese Sunia
    Tauese Sunia
    Tauese Tuailemafua Pita Fiti Sunia was the governor of American Samoa from 1997 until his death. He died during his second term, on March 26, 2003, while on a flight to Hawaii for medical treatment....
    
    , Governor of American Samoa (1997–2003)
• Australia
  Australia
  Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
  
  
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Australia (1952–present)
  • Governor-General -
    1. Sir William Deane
       William Deane
       Sir William Patrick Deane, AC, KBE, QC , Australian judge and the 22nd Governor-General of Australia.-Early life:William Deane was born in Melbourne, Victoria. He was educated at Catholic schools including St. Joseph's College, Hunters Hill and at the University of Sydney, where he graduated in...
       
       , Governor-General of Australia
       Governor-General of Australia
       The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia is the representative in Australia at federal/national level of the Australian monarch . He or she exercises the supreme executive power of the Commonwealth...
       
        (1996–2001)
    2. Peter Hollingworth
       Peter Hollingworth
       Peter John Hollingworth AC, OBE is an Australian Anglican bishop. He served as the Archbishop of Brisbane for 11 years before becoming the 23rd Governor-General of Australia from 2001 until 2003....
       
       , Governor-General of Australia
       Governor-General of Australia
       The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia is the representative in Australia at federal/national level of the Australian monarch . He or she exercises the supreme executive power of the Commonwealth...
       
        (2001–2003)
  • Prime Minister - John Howard
    John Howard
    John Winston Howard AC, SSI, was the 25th Prime Minister of Australia, from 11 March 1996 to 3 December 2007. He was the second-longest serving Australian Prime Minister after Sir Robert Menzies....
    
    , Prime Minister of Australia
    Prime Minister of Australia
    The Prime Minister of the Commonwealth of Australia is the highest minister of the Crown, leader of the Cabinet and Head of Her Majesty's Australian Government, holding office on commission from the Governor-General of Australia. The office of Prime Minister is, in practice, the most powerful...
    
     (1996–2007)
  • Christmas Island
    Christmas Island
    The Territory of Christmas Island is a territory of Australia in the Indian Ocean. It is located northwest of the Western Australian city of Perth, south of the Indonesian capital, Jakarta, and ENE of the Cocos Islands....
    
     (external territory of Australia)
    • Administrator - Bill Taylor, Administrator of Christmas Island (1999–2003)
    • Shire President -
      1. Dave McLane, Shire president of Christmas Island (1998–2001)
      2. Andrew Smolders, Shire president of Christmas Island (2001–2003)
  • Cocos (Keeling) Islands
    Cocos (Keeling) Islands
    The Territory of the Cocos Islands, also called Cocos Islands and Keeling Islands, is a territory of Australia, located in the Indian Ocean, southwest of Christmas Island and approximately midway between Australia and Sri Lanka....
    
     (external territory of Australia)
    • Administrator - Bill Taylor, Administrator of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1999–2003)
    • Shire President -
      1. Mohammad Said Chongkin, Shire president of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1999-2001)
      2. Ronald Grant, Shire president of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (2001-2007)
  • Norfolk Island
    Norfolk Island
    Norfolk Island is a small island in the Pacific Ocean located between Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia. The island is part of the Commonwealth of Australia, but it enjoys a large degree of self-governance...
    
     (self-governing territory of Australia)
    • Administrator - Tony Messner
      Tony Messner
      Anthony John Messner AO is a former Australian politician and minister.Messner was born in Melbourne and educated at a state primary school in Queensland, Pulteney Grammar School, Adelaide and the South Australian Institute of Technology.Messner was elected as a Senator for South Australia at the...
      
      , Administrator of Norfolk Island (1997–2003)
    • Chief Minister -
      1. Ronald Coane Nobbs, Chief Minister of Norfolk Island (2000–2001)
      2. Geoffrey Robert Gardner
         Geoffrey Robert Gardner
         Geoffrey Robert Gardner is a political figure from the Australian territory of Norfolk Island.-Chief Minister of Norfolk Island:Gardner was the chief minister of Norfolk Island from 5 December 2001 to 2 June 2006...
         
         , Chief Minister of Norfolk Island (2001–2006)
• Fiji
  Fiji
  Fiji , officially the Republic of Fiji , is an island nation in Melanesia in the South Pacific Ocean about northeast of New Zealand's North Island...
  
  
  • President - Ratu Josefa Iloilo, President of Fiji (2000–2009)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Laisenia Qarase
       Laisenia Qarase
       Laisenia Qarase is a Fijian political figure. He served as the sixth Prime Minister of Fiji from 2000 to 2006. After the military quashed the coup that led to the removal of Mahendra Chaudhry, Qarase joined the Interim Military Government as a financial adviser on 9 June 2000, until his appointment...
       
       , Prime Minister of Fiji (2000–2001)
    2. Ratu Tevita Momoedonu, Interim Prime Minister of Fiji (2001)
    3. Laisenia Qarase
       Laisenia Qarase
       Laisenia Qarase is a Fijian political figure. He served as the sixth Prime Minister of Fiji from 2000 to 2006. After the military quashed the coup that led to the removal of Mahendra Chaudhry, Qarase joined the Interim Military Government as a financial adviser on 9 June 2000, until his appointment...
       
       , Prime Minister of Fiji (2001–2006)
• French Polynesia
  French Polynesia
  French Polynesia is an overseas country of the French Republic . It is made up of several groups of Polynesian islands, the most famous island being Tahiti in the Society Islands group, which is also the most populous island and the seat of the capital of the territory...
  
   (French overseas territory)
  • High Commissioner -
    1. Jean Aribaud, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (1997–2001)
    2. Christian Massinon, Acting High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (2001)
    3. Michel Mathieu
       Michel Mathieu
       Michel Mathieu was high commissioner of New Caledonia from July 2005 until his death.Mathieu was born in Montpellier. Previously he was the High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia from 17 November 2001, to 30 July 2005, when he was succeeded by Jacques Michaut...
       
       , High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (2001–2005)
  • President of the Government - Gaston Flosse
    Gaston Flosse
    Gaston Flosse is a French Polynesian politician who has been President of French Polynesia on four separate occasions. He is currently a member of the Senate of France.-Life and career:...
    
    , President of the Government of French Polynesia
    President of French Polynesia
    This is the list of Presidents of French Polynesia.-See also:*List of monarchs of Tahiti*Colonial and Departmental Heads of French Polynesia-External links:*...
    
     (1991–2004)
• Guam
  Guam
  Guam is an organized, unincorporated territory of the United States located in the western Pacific Ocean. It is one of five U.S. territories with an established civilian government. Guam is listed as one of 16 Non-Self-Governing Territories by the Special Committee on Decolonization of the United...
  
   (Insular area
  Insular area
  An insular area is a United States territory, that is neither a part of one of the fifty U.S. states nor the District of Columbia, the federal district of the United States...
  
   of the United States)
  • Governor - Carl T.C. Gutierrez
    Carl T.C. Gutierrez
    Carl Tommy Cruz Gutierrez is a Guamanian politician.He has served at total of 10 terms in the Guam Legislature and ran unsuccessfully for Governor in 1978 , and again in 1986. Gutierrez was defeated by Governor Ricardo J. Bordallo and Lieutenant Governor Edward D. Reyes in 1986...
    
    , Governor of Guam (1995–2003)
• Kiribati
  Kiribati
  Kiribati , officially the Republic of Kiribati, is an island nation located in the central tropical Pacific Ocean. The permanent population exceeds just over 100,000 , and is composed of 32 atolls and one raised coral island, dispersed over 3.5 million square kilometres, straddling the...
  
  
  • President - Teburoro Tito
    Teburoro Tito
    Teburoro Tito was the President and foreign minister of Kiribati from October 1, 1994 to March 28, 2003. He was elected for the first time in 1994. He was reelected in 1998 with 52% of the vote. His main opponent was Harry Tong, who later ran against his brother, current President Anote Tong...
    
    , President of Kiribati
    President of Kiribati
    The President of Kiribati is the head of state and head of government of Kiribati.Following a general election, by which citizens elect the members of the House of Assembly, members select from their midst "not less than 3 nor more than 4 candidates" for the presidency. No other person may stand...
    
     (1994–2003)
• Marshall Islands
  Marshall Islands
  The Republic of the Marshall Islands , , is a Micronesian nation of atolls and islands in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, just west of the International Date Line and just north of the Equator. As of July 2011 the population was 67,182...
  
  
  • President - Kessai Note
    Kessai Note
    Kessai Hesa Note is a former President of the Marshall Islands, having served from 2000 to 2008.Having served as Speaker of Parliament since 1988, he was elected President in 2000, and was the first commoner to be elected to the Presidency...
    
    , President of the Marshall Islands
    President of the Marshall Islands
    -List of Presidents of the Marshall Islands:...
    
     (2000–2008)
• Micronesia
  Federated States of Micronesia
  The Federated States of Micronesia or FSM is an independent, sovereign island nation, made up of four states from west to east: Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei and Kosrae. It comprises approximately 607 islands with c...
  
  
  • President - Leo Falcam
    Leo Falcam
    Leo Amy Falcam is a Micronesian political figure. He was born in Pohnpei. He served as the first elected Governor of Pohnpei from 1979 to 1983 and as Vice President of Micronesia from May 1997 to May 1999. He then served as the fifth president of the Federated States of Micronesia from May 11,...
    
    , President of the Federated States of Micronesia
    President of the Federated States of Micronesia
    The following is a list of the Presidents of the Federated States of Micronesia:-See also:*High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands...
    
     (1999–2003)
• Nauru
  Nauru
  Nauru , officially the Republic of Nauru and formerly known as Pleasant Island, is an island country in Micronesia in the South Pacific. Its nearest neighbour is Banaba Island in Kiribati, to the east. Nauru is the world's smallest republic, covering just...
  
  
  • President -
    1. Bernard Dowiyogo
       Bernard Dowiyogo
       HE Bernard Annen Auwen Dowiyogo was President of the Republic of Nauru.-Background and early career:He first became an elected member of Nauru's 18-seat parliament in 1973...
       
       , President of Nauru
       President of Nauru
       The President of Nauru is elected by Parliament from amongst its members. He is both the head of state and head of government of Nauru. Nauru's unicameral Parliament has 18 members, with an electoral term of 3 years. Political parties only play a minor role in Nauru politics, and there has often...
       
        (2000–2001)
    2. René Harris
       René Harris
       René Reynaldo Harris was President of the Republic of Nauru four times between 1999 and 2004. He was a Member of Parliament from 1977 to 2008.-Background and early career:...
       
       , President of Nauru
       President of Nauru
       The President of Nauru is elected by Parliament from amongst its members. He is both the head of state and head of government of Nauru. Nauru's unicameral Parliament has 18 members, with an electoral term of 3 years. Political parties only play a minor role in Nauru politics, and there has often...
       
        (2001–2003)
• New Caledonia
  New Caledonia
  New Caledonia is a special collectivity of France located in the southwest Pacific Ocean, east of Australia and about from Metropolitan France. The archipelago, part of the Melanesia subregion, includes the main island of Grande Terre, the Loyalty Islands, the Belep archipelago, the Isle of...
  
   (Sui Generis Collectivity of France)
  • High Commissioner - Thierry Lataste, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (1999–2002)
  • President of the Government -
    1. Jean Lèques
       Jean Lèques
       Jean Lèques is a New Caledonian politician. He has served as mayor of Nouméa since 1986; between 1999 and 2001 he was president of the government of New Caledonia.-References:...
       
       , President of the Government of New Caledonia
       President of the Government of New Caledonia
       This is the list of Presidents of the Government of New Caledonia since 1998, when the Nouméa Accord was signed. The President is often from the largest party in the Congress of New Caledonia, though the government itself is made up of cabinet ministers from all parties in Congress, allocated...
       
        (1999–2001)
    2. Pierre Frogier
       Pierre Frogier
       Pierre Frogier is a French politician, who was President of the Government of New Caledonia from 2001 to 2004.He was born in Nouméa....
       
       , President of the Government of New Caledonia
       President of the Government of New Caledonia
       This is the list of Presidents of the Government of New Caledonia since 1998, when the Nouméa Accord was signed. The President is often from the largest party in the Congress of New Caledonia, though the government itself is made up of cabinet ministers from all parties in Congress, allocated...
       
        (2001–2004)
• New Zealand
  New Zealand
  New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...
  
  
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand
    Monarchy in New Zealand
    The monarchy of New Zealand also referred to as The Crown in Right of New Zealand, Her Majesty in Right of New Zealand, or The Queen in Right of New Zealand is the constitutional system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign and head of state of the Realm of New Zealand,...
    
     (1952–present)
  • Governor-General -
    1. Sir Michael Hardie Boys
       Michael Hardie Boys
       -External links:*-References:...
       
       , Governor-General of New Zealand
       Governor-General of New Zealand
       The Governor-General of New Zealand is the representative of the monarch of New Zealand . The Governor-General acts as the Queen's vice-regal representative in New Zealand and is often viewed as the de facto head of state....
       
        (1996–2001)
    2. Dame Sian Elias
       Sian Elias
       Dame Sian Seerpoohi Elias, GNZM, PC, QC is the Chief Justice of New Zealand, and is therefore the most senior member of the country's judiciary. She is the presiding judge of the Supreme Court of New Zealand...
       
       , Administrator of the Government of New Zealand
       Governor-General of New Zealand
       The Governor-General of New Zealand is the representative of the monarch of New Zealand . The Governor-General acts as the Queen's vice-regal representative in New Zealand and is often viewed as the de facto head of state....
       
        (2001)
    3. Dame Silvia Cartwright
       Silvia Cartwright
       Dame Silvia Rose Cartwright, PCNZM, DBE, QSO, DStJ was the 18th Governor-General of New Zealand.She is a graduate of the University of Otago, where she gained her LL.B degree in 1967, and a former student at Otago Girls' High School.- Public life and family :In 1989, she became the first female...
       
       , Governor-General of New Zealand
       Governor-General of New Zealand
       The Governor-General of New Zealand is the representative of the monarch of New Zealand . The Governor-General acts as the Queen's vice-regal representative in New Zealand and is often viewed as the de facto head of state....
       
        (2001–2006)
  • Prime Minister - Helen Clark
    Helen Clark
    Helen Elizabeth Clark, ONZ is a New Zealand political figure who was the 37th Prime Minister of New Zealand for three consecutive terms from 1999 to 2008...
    
    , Prime Minister of New Zealand
    Prime Minister of New Zealand
    The Prime Minister of New Zealand is New Zealand's head of government consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the Parliament of New Zealand...
    
     (1999–2008)
  • Cook Islands
    Cook Islands
    The Cook Islands is a self-governing parliamentary democracy in the South Pacific Ocean in free association with New Zealand...
    
     (Associated state
    Associated state
    An associated state is the minor partner in a formal, free relationship between a political territory with a degree of statehood and a nation, for which no other specific term, such as protectorate, is adopted...
    
     of New Zealand)
    • Queen's Representative -
      1. Lawrence Murray Greig, Acting Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands
         Queen's Representative
         The Queen's Representative is the formal title given to the representative of Queen Elizabeth II, as Queen of New Zealand, in the Cook Islands....
         
          (2000–2001)
      2. Sir Frederick Tutu Goodwin
         Frederick Tutu Goodwin
         Sir Frederick Tutu Goodwin, KBE, is the Queen's Representative to the Cook Islands.Goodwin joined the Cook Islands Police in 1956. He served as a constable, then joined the New Zealand Police Force for a short time, before returning to the Cook Islands, where he eventually rose to the rank of...
         
         , Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands
         Queen's Representative
         The Queen's Representative is the formal title given to the representative of Queen Elizabeth II, as Queen of New Zealand, in the Cook Islands....
         
          (2001–present)
    • Prime Minister - Terepai Maoate
      Terepai Maoate
      Sir Terepai Tuamure Maoate, KBE was Prime Minister of the Cook Islands from 18 November 1999 to 11 February 2002. He is a member of the Cook Islands Democratic Party...
      
      , Prime Minister of the Cook Islands
      Prime Minister of the Cook Islands
      The Prime Minister of the Cook Islands is the official rsponsible for heading Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II's government in the Cook Islands, a self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand. The office was established in 1965, when self-government was first granted to the islands...
      
       (1999–2002)
  • Niue
    Niue
    Niue , is an island country in the South Pacific Ocean. It is commonly known as the "Rock of Polynesia", and inhabitants of the island call it "the Rock" for short. Niue is northeast of New Zealand in a triangle between Tonga to the southwest, the Samoas to the northwest, and the Cook Islands to...
    
     (associated state
    Associated state
    An associated state is the minor partner in a formal, free relationship between a political territory with a degree of statehood and a nation, for which no other specific term, such as protectorate, is adopted...
    
     of New Zealand)
    • Premier - Sani Lakatani
      Sani Lakatani
      Sani Elia Lagigietama Lakatani is a former Premier of Niue. He was a member of the Niue People's Party.-References:...
      
      , Premier of Niue
      Premier of Niue
      The Premier of Niue is Niue's head of government. He or she is elected by the Niue Assembly, and forms a Cabinet consisting of him- or herself and three other members of the Assembly....
      
       (1999–2002)
  • Tokelau
    Tokelau
    Tokelau is a territory of New Zealand in the South Pacific Ocean that consists of three tropical coral atolls with a combined land area of 10 km2 and a population of approximately 1,400...
    
     (dependent territory
    Dependent territory
    A dependent territory, dependent area or dependency is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a State, and remains politically outside of the controlling state's integral area....
    
     of New Zealand)
    • Administrator - Lindsay Watt, Administrator of Tokelau (1993–2003)
    • Head of Government -
      1. Kolouei O'Brien
         Kolouei O'Brien
         Kolouei O'Brien is a politician from Tokelau and current faipule of Fakaofo. He has served as the head of government of Tokelau three times previously, from February 2000 until February 2001, from February 2003 until February 2004, and from February 2006 until February 2007. Kolouei O'Brien has his...
         
         , Head of Government of Tokelau (2000–2001)
      2. Kuresa Nasau
         Kuresa Nasau
         Kuresa Nasau is a Tokelauan politician who currently serves as head of government . He has previously held the position five times. He is also faipule of Atafu...
         
         , Head of Government of Tokelau (2001–2002)
• Northern Mariana Islands
  Northern Mariana Islands
  The Northern Mariana Islands, officially the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands , is a commonwealth in political union with the United States, occupying a strategic region of the western Pacific Ocean. It consists of 15 islands about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to the Philippines...
  
   (Commonwealth
  Commonwealth (United States insular area)
  In the terminology of the United States insular areas, a Commonwealth is a type of organized but unincorporated dependent territory.The definition of "Commonwealth" according to current U.S. State Department policy reads: "The term 'Commonwealth' does not describe or provide for any specific...
  
   of the United States)
  • Governor - Pedro Tenorio
    Pedro Tenorio
    Pedro P. Tenorio was the second and fifth elected Governor of the United States Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.Tenorio was born on Saipan. He graduated from George Washington High School in Guam and attended the University of Guam. He has worked as a schoolteacher, a shipping...
    
    , Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (1998–2002)
• Palau
  Palau
  Palau , officially the Republic of Palau , is an island nation in the Pacific Ocean, east of the Philippines and south of Tokyo. In 1978, after three decades as being part of the United Nations trusteeship, Palau chose independence instead of becoming part of the Federated States of Micronesia, a...
  
  
  • President -
    1. Kuniwo Nakamura
       Kuniwo Nakamura
       Kuniwo Nakamura was the President and foreign minister of Palau from 1993 until 2001.-Background and early life:Nakamura is the son of a Japanese immigrant from Matsusaka, Ise Province and a Palauan chieftain's daughter. He was studying in his second year of primary school when the surrender of...
       
       , President of Palau
       President of Palau
       -List of Presidents of Palau:-Latest election:-See also:*Vice-President of Palau*High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands...
       
        (1993–2001)
    2. Tommy Remengesau
       Tommy Remengesau
       Thomas Esang Remengesau, Jr. is a Palauan politician who served as president of Palau from 2001 to 2009.He became vice-president in 1992 and was elected as president in 2000; he took office on January 1, 2001. He wished to make Palau less dependent upon United States aid, and to promote limited...
       
       , President of Palau
       President of Palau
       -List of Presidents of Palau:-Latest election:-See also:*Vice-President of Palau*High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands...
       
        (2001–2009)
• Papua New Guinea
  Papua New Guinea
  Papua New Guinea , officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania, occupying the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and numerous offshore islands...
  
  
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Silas Atopare
    Silas Atopare
    Sir Silas Atopare, GCL, GCMG was the seventh Governor-General of Papua New Guinea from November 1997 until November 2003.Atopare is a member Seventh-day Adventist Church. In 1998, he was knighted in the Order of St Michael and St George. In 2008 Sir Silas was appointed a Grand Chief in the Order...
    
    , Governor-General of Papua New Guinea
    Governor-General of Papua New Guinea
    The Governor-General of Papua New Guinea is the viceregal representative of Queen Elizabeth II, known in Tok Pisin as 'Missis Kwin', Papua New Guinea's head of state, performing the duties of the Queen in her absence...
    
     (1997–2003)
  • Prime Minister - Sir Mekere Morauta
    Mekere Morauta
    Sir Mekere Morauta, KCMG is a Papua New Guinean political figure. He served as the sixth Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea between 1999 and 2002, and later as Leader of the Opposition. He is the sitting member for Moresby North-West in the national parliament, and he was until recently the...
    
    , Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea
    Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea
    The Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea, is Papua New Guinea's head of government, consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the National Parliament. Since 2 August 2011, the Prime Minister has been Peter O’Neill of the People's National Congress Party.-List...
    
     (1999–2002)
• Pitcairn Islands
  Pitcairn Islands
  The Pitcairn Islands , officially named the Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands, form a group of four volcanic islands in the southern Pacific Ocean. The islands are a British Overseas Territory and overseas territory of the European Union in the Pacific...
  
   (British dependent territory)
  • Governor -
    1. Martin Williams, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands
       Governor of the Pitcairn Islands
       The Governor of the Pitcairn Islands is the representative of the British crown in the Pitcairn Islands, which are the last remaining British territory in the Pacific Ocean...
       
        (1998–2001)
    2. Richard Fell
       Richard Fell
       Richard Taylor Fell CVO was the British High Commissioner to New Zealand and the colonial Governor of the Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands from 2001 to 2006....
       
       , Governor of the Pitcairn Islands
       Governor of the Pitcairn Islands
       The Governor of the Pitcairn Islands is the representative of the British crown in the Pitcairn Islands, which are the last remaining British territory in the Pacific Ocean...
       
        (2001–2006)
  • Mayor - Steve Christian
    Steve Christian
    Steven Raymond Christian is a political figure from the Pacific territory of the Pitcairn Islands.-Mayor:...
    
    , Mayor of the Pitcairn Islands (1999–2004)
• Samoa
  Samoa
  Samoa , officially the Independent State of Samoa, formerly known as Western Samoa is a country encompassing the western part of the Samoan Islands in the South Pacific Ocean. It became independent from New Zealand in 1962. The two main islands of Samoa are Upolu and one of the biggest islands in...
  
  
  • Head of State - Malietoa Tanumafili II, O le Ao o le Malo of Samoa
    O le Ao o le Malo
    O le Ao o le Malo is the Samoan head of state, which is the title's rough translation....
    
     (1962–2007)
  • Prime Minister - Tuilaepa Sailele Malielegaoi, Prime Minister of Samoa
    Prime Minister of Samoa
    This is a list of Prime Ministers of Samoa from the establishment of that office in 1875 until the present day.-List of Prime Ministers of Samoa :-See also:*Samoa**Politics of Samoa...
    
     (1998–present)
• Solomon Islands
  Solomon Islands
  Solomon Islands is a sovereign state in Oceania, east of Papua New Guinea, consisting of nearly one thousand islands. It covers a land mass of . The capital, Honiara, is located on the island of Guadalcanal...
  
  -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of the Solomon Islands
    Monarch of the Solomon Islands
    The monarchy of the Solomon Islands is a system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign of the Solomon Islands. The present monarch of the Solomon Islands is Queen Elizabeth II. The Solomon Islands share the Sovereign with a number of Commonwealth realms...
    
     (1978–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir John Lapli
    John Lapli
    Sir John Ini Lapli GCMG, was the Governor-General of the Solomon Islands from July 7, 1999 until July 7, 2004.Prior to his election as Governor-General in June 1999, Lapli was Premier of Temotu Province...
    
    , Governor-General of the Solomon Islands
    Governor-General of the Solomon Islands
    The Governor-General of Solomon Islands is the representative of the Queen of Solomon Islands, Elizabeth II. The Queen does not reside in the islands, and so the Governor-General serves as the country's de facto head of state in her absence....
    
     (1999–2004)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Manasseh Sogavare
       Manasseh Sogavare
       Manasseh Damukana Sogavare was the sixth Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands from 2000 to 2001 and again from 2006 to 2007. He has served in the National Parliament as Member for East Choiseul since 1997, and he is currently the Leader of the Opposition.-Biography:Sogavare was Permanent...
       
       , Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands
       Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands
       The Prime Minister of Solomon Islands is Solomon Islands' head of government, consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the National Parliament. Solomon Islands is a Commonwealth realm. Since August 2010, the Prime Minister has been Danny Philip of the Reform...
       
        (2000–2001)
    2. Sir Allan Kemakeza
       Allan Kemakeza
       Sir Allan Kemakeza KBE was the seventh Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands from 2001 to 2006. He represented Savo/Russel Constituency in the National Parliament of Solomon Islands from 1989 to 2010 and was most recently Minister of Forestry December 2007 to August 2010...
       
       , Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands
       Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands
       The Prime Minister of Solomon Islands is Solomon Islands' head of government, consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the National Parliament. Solomon Islands is a Commonwealth realm. Since August 2010, the Prime Minister has been Danny Philip of the Reform...
       
        (2001–2006)
• Tonga
  Tonga
  Tonga, officially the Kingdom of Tonga , is a state and an archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, comprising 176 islands scattered over of ocean in the South Pacific...
  
  
  • Monarch - Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965–2006)
  • Prime Minister - Prince Lavaka Ata 'Ulukalala, Prime Minister of Tonga
    Prime Minister of Tonga
    This is a list of Prime Ministers of Tonga from the establishment of that office in 1876 until the present day.-List of Premiers/Prime Ministers of Tonga :-External links:*...
    
     (2000–2006)
• Tuvalu
  Tuvalu
  Tuvalu , formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia. Its nearest neighbours are Kiribati, Nauru, Samoa and Fiji. It comprises four reef islands and five true atolls...
  
  
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Tuvalu (1978–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Tomasi Puapua
    Tomasi Puapua
    Sir Tomasi Puapua, GCMG, KBE, PC is a political figure from the Pacific nation of Tuvalu.-Prime minister:He was the second Prime Minister of Tuvalu from 1981-1989...
    
    , Governor-General of Tuvalu
    Governor-General of Tuvalu
    The Governor-General of Tuvalu is the representative of Queen Elizabeth II as Queen of Tuvalu, the nation's Head of State, and performs the duties of the Queen in her absence.-History:...
    
     (1998–2003)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Lagitupu Tuilimu
       Lagitupu Tuilimu
       The Rt Hon Lagitupu Tulimu is a political figure from the Pacific nation of Tuvalu. He has served as the acting Prime Minister of Tuvalu.-Early political career:...
       
       , Acting Prime Minister of Tuvalu
       Prime Minister of Tuvalu
       The Prime Minister of Tuvalu is the head of government of Tuvalu. According to Tuvalu's constitution, the Prime Minister must always be a member of Parliament, and is elected by Parliament in a secret ballot. Because there are no political parties in Tuvalu, any member of Parliament can be...
       
        (2000–2001)
    2. Faimalaga Luka
       Faimalaga Luka
       Faimalaga Luka was a political figure from the Pacific nation of Tuvalu. He served as Governor-General and the sixth Prime Minister of Tuvalu.-Background:...
       
       , Prime Minister of Tuvalu
       Prime Minister of Tuvalu
       The Prime Minister of Tuvalu is the head of government of Tuvalu. According to Tuvalu's constitution, the Prime Minister must always be a member of Parliament, and is elected by Parliament in a secret ballot. Because there are no political parties in Tuvalu, any member of Parliament can be...
       
        (2001)
    3. Koloa Talake
       Koloa Talake
       The Rt Hon Koloa Talake is a political figure from the Pacific nation of Tuvalu.-Prime Minister of Tuvalu:He served as the seventh Prime Minister of Tuvalu for nine months, 14 December 2001-2 August 2002, after defeating Faimalaga Luka in a vote of no confidence.Talake was defeated in elections in...
       
       , Prime Minister of Tuvalu
       Prime Minister of Tuvalu
       The Prime Minister of Tuvalu is the head of government of Tuvalu. According to Tuvalu's constitution, the Prime Minister must always be a member of Parliament, and is elected by Parliament in a secret ballot. Because there are no political parties in Tuvalu, any member of Parliament can be...
       
        (2001–2002)
• Vanuatu
  Vanuatu
  Vanuatu , officially the Republic of Vanuatu , is an island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago, which is of volcanic origin, is some east of northern Australia, northeast of New Caledonia, west of Fiji, and southeast of the Solomon Islands, near New Guinea.Vanuatu was...
  
  -
  • President - John Bani
    John Bani
    Father John Bennett Bani was the president and head of state of Vanuatu from 25 March 1999 until March 24, 2004.He resigned in 2004.He is an Anglican priest from Pentecost Island....
    
    , President of Vanuatu
    President of Vanuatu
    The President of Vanuatu is the head of state of Vanuatu. The President is elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and the presidents of the regional councils.The President's role is mostly ceremonial...
    
     (1999–2004)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Barak Sopé
       Barak Sopé
       Barak Tame Sopé Mautamata is a politician from Vanuatu. He is the leader of the Melanesian Progressive Party and was, until 2008, a member of the ni-Vanuatu parliament from the island of Efate...
       
       , Prime Minister of Vanuatu (1999–2001)
    2. Edward Natapei
       Edward Natapei
       Edward Nipake Natapei Tuta Fanua`araki is a politician from Vanuatu. He was elected Prime Minister of Vanuatu on two separate terms, and was previously the Minister of Foreign Affairs briefly in 1991, the acting President of Vanuatu from 2 March 1999 to 24 March 1999 , and Deputy Prime Minister...
       
       , Prime Minister of Vanuatu (2001–2004)
• Wallis and Futuna
  Wallis and Futuna
  Wallis and Futuna, officially the Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands , is a Polynesian French island territory in the South Pacific between Tuvalu to the northwest, Rotuma of Fiji to the west, the main part of Fiji to the southwest, Tonga to the southeast,...
  
   (French overseas territory)
  • Administrator-Superior - Alain Waquet, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna
    Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna
    The Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna is the representative of the President of the French Republic in Wallis and Futuna. The current Administrator is Michel Jeanjean...
    
     (2000–2002)
  • President of the Territorial Assembly -
    1. Soane Mani Uhila, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna
       Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna
       Wallis and Futuna elects on territorial level a legislature. The Territorial Assembly has 20 members, elected for a five year term by proportional representation in multi-seat constituencies....
       
        (1999–2001)
    2. Patalione Kanimoa
       Patalione Kanimoa
       Patalione Kanimoa was the President of the Territorial Assembly in the French government of the Wallis and Futuna dependency in the South Pacific. He was nominated by the French president Jacques Chirac on 18 January 2005.-References:...
       
       , President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna
       Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna
       Wallis and Futuna elects on territorial level a legislature. The Territorial Assembly has 20 members, elected for a five year term by proportional representation in multi-seat constituencies....
       
        (2001–2005)

South America

• Argentina
  Argentina
  Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
  
  
  • President -
    1. Fernando de la Rúa
       Fernando de la Rúa
       Fernando de la Rúa is an Argentine politician. He was president of the country from December 10, 1999 to December 21, 2001 for the Alliance for Work, Justice and Education ....
       
       , President of Argentina (1999–2001)
    2. Ramón Puerta
       Ramón Puerta
       Federico Ramón Puerta is an Argentine Peronist politician who has served as a governor, senator and national deputy and effectively acted as President of Argentina during 2001.-Biography:...
       
       , Acting President of Argentina (2001)
    3. Adolfo Rodríguez Saá
       Adolfo Rodríguez Saá
       Adolfo Rodríguez Saá Páez Montero is an Argentine Peronist politician. He was the governor of the province of San Luis during several terms, and briefly served as President of Argentina.-Biography:...
       
       , Interim President of Argentina (2001)
    4. Eduardo Camaño
       Eduardo Camaño
       Eduardo Oscar Camaño is an Argentine Justicialist Party politician. He was acting head of the executive branch of the country for two days between December 31, 2001 and January 1, 2002....
       
       , Acting President of Argentina (2001–2002)
• Bolivia
  Bolivia
  Bolivia officially known as Plurinational State of Bolivia , is a landlocked country in central South America. It is the poorest country in South America...
  
  
  • President -
    1. Hugo Banzer
       Hugo Banzer
       Hugo Banzer Suárez was a politician, military general, dictator and President of Bolivia. He held the Bolivian presidency twice: from August 22, 1971 to July 21, 1978, as a dictator; and then again from August 6, 1997 to August 7, 2001, as constitutional President.-Military and ideological...
       
       , President of Bolivia
       President of Bolivia
       The President of Bolivia is head of state and head of government of Bolivia. According to the current Constitution, the president is elected by popular vote to a five year term, renewable once...
       
        (1997–2001)
    2. Jorge Quiroga
       Jorge Quiroga
       Jorge Fernando "Tuto" Quiroga Ramírez was President of Bolivia from August 7, 2001 to August 6, 2002. He is of Spanish descent.-Background and early life:...
       
       , President of Bolivia
       President of Bolivia
       The President of Bolivia is head of state and head of government of Bolivia. According to the current Constitution, the president is elected by popular vote to a five year term, renewable once...
       
        (2001–2002)
• Brazil
  Brazil
  Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
  
  
  • President - Fernando Henrique Cardoso
    Fernando Henrique Cardoso
    Fernando Henrique Cardoso – also known by his initials FHC – was the 34th President of the Federative Republic of Brazil for two terms from January 1, 1995 to December 31, 2002. He is an accomplished sociologist, professor and politician...
    
    , President of Brazil (1995–2003)
• Chile
  Chile
  Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...
  
  
  • President - Ricardo Lagos
    Ricardo Lagos
    Ricardo Froilán Lagos Escobar is a lawyer, economist and social democrat politician, who served as president of Chile from 2000 to 2006. He won the 1999-2000 presidential election by a narrow margin in a runoff over Independent Democrat Union candidate Joaquín Lavín...
    
    , President of Chile
    President of Chile
    The President of the Republic of Chile is both the head of state and the head of government of the Republic of Chile. The President is responsible of the government and state administration...
    
     (2000–2006)
• Colombia
  Colombia
  Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia , is a unitary constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. The country is located in northwestern South America, bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the...
  
  
  • President - Andrés Pastrana Arango
    Andrés Pastrana Arango
    Andrés Pastrana Arango was the President of Colombia from 1998 to 2002, following in the footsteps of his father, Misael Pastrana, who was president from 1970 to 1974.-Early years:...
    
    , President of Colombia (1998–2002)
• Ecuador
  Ecuador
  Ecuador , officially the Republic of Ecuador is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is one of only two countries in South America, along with Chile, that do not have a border...
  
  
  • President - Gustavo Noboa
    Gustavo Noboa
    Gustavo José Joaquín Noboa Bejarano is an Ecuadorian politician, former President of Ecuador and Vice President during Jamil Mahuad's government.- Education :...
    
    , President of Ecuador (2000–2003)
• Falkland Islands
  Falkland Islands
  The Falkland Islands are an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean, located about from the coast of mainland South America. The archipelago consists of East Falkland, West Falkland and 776 lesser islands. The capital, Stanley, is on East Falkland...
  
   (British dependent territory)
  • Governor - Donald Lamont, Governor of the Falkland Islands
    Governor of the Falkland Islands
    The Governor of the Falkland Islands is the representative of the British Crown in the Falkland Islands, acting "in Her Majesty's name and on Her Majesty's behalf" as the islands' de facto head of state in the absence of the British monarch...
    
     (1999–2002)
  • Chief Executive - Michael Blanch
    Michael Blanch
    Michael Dennis Blanch TD is a British diplomat who served as Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands from January 2000 to March 2003, and again as interim Chief Executive from 12 September 2007 to 3 January 2008....
    
    , Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands
    Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands
    The Chief Executive of the Falklands Islands is the head of government of the Falkland Islands, as well as head of the public service responsible for the efficient and effective management of the Falkland Islands Government...
    
     (2000–2003)
• Guyana
  Guyana
  Guyana , officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, previously the colony of British Guiana, is a sovereign state on the northern coast of South America that is culturally part of the Anglophone Caribbean. Guyana was a former colony of the Dutch and of the British...
  
  -
  • President - Bharrat Jagdeo
    Bharrat Jagdeo
    Bharrat Jagdeo is a Guyanese politician who has been President of Guyana since 11 August 1999. Prior to his presidency he was Minister of Finance and became President after Janet Jagan resigned for health reasons; subsequently he won two elections, in 2001 and 2006.Jagdeo was born in Unity Village...
    
    , President of Guyana (1999–present)
  • Prime Minister - Sam Hinds
    Sam Hinds
    Samuel Archibald Anthony Hinds is a Guyanese politician who has been Prime Minister of Guyana almost continuously since 1992...
    
    , Prime Minister of Guyana (1999–present)
• Paraguay
  Paraguay
  Paraguay , officially the Republic of Paraguay , is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. Paraguay lies on both banks of the Paraguay River, which runs through the center of the...
  
  
  • President - Luis Ángel González Macchi
    Luis Ángel González Macchi
    Luis Ángel González Macchi was the President of Paraguay from 1999 until 2003.As the president of Paraguay's legislature, González Macchi succeeded to the office of president on March 29, 1999 following the assassination six days earlier of the Vice President, Luis María Argaña, and the subsequent...
    
    , President of Paraguay (1999–2003)
• Peru
  Peru
  Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
  
  
  • President -
    1. Valentín Paniagua
       Valentín Paniagua
       Valentín Paniagua Corazao was a Peruvian politician and former Interim President of Peru. Paniagua was elected by the Peruvian Congress to serve as interim president of the country after Alberto Fujimori was ousted from office by Congress in November 2000.As Interim President, his main task was to...
       
       , Interim President of Peru (2000–2001)
    2. Alejandro Toledo
       Alejandro Toledo
       Alejandro Celestino Toledo Manrique is a politician who was President of Peru from 2001 to 2006. He was elected in April 2001, defeating former President Alan García...
       
       , President of Peru (2001–2006)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Javier Pérez de Cuéllar
       Javier Pérez de Cuéllar
       Javier Pérez de Cuéllar y de la Guerra is a Peruvian diplomat who served as the fifth Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1, 1982 to December 31, 1991. He studied in Colegio San Agustín of Lima, and then at Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. In 1995, he ran unsuccessfully...
       
       , President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (2000–2001)
    2. Roberto Dañino Zapata
       Roberto Dañino Zapata
       Roberto Dañino has served as Prime Minister of Peru and Ambassador to the United States. He has also served as Senior Vice President and General Counsel of the World Bank and has been a partner of the law firm Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering in Washington, D. C...
       
       , President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (2001–2002)
• Suriname
  Suriname
  Suriname , officially the Republic of Suriname , is a country in northern South America. It borders French Guiana to the east, Guyana to the west, Brazil to the south, and on the north by the Atlantic Ocean. Suriname was a former colony of the British and of the Dutch, and was previously known as...
  
  
  • President - Ronald Venetiaan
    Ronald Venetiaan
    Ronald Runaldo Venetiaan served as the 6th and 8th President of Suriname. His first term as president ran from 1991 to 1996 after which he lost in the elections to Jules Wijdenbosch...
    
    , President of Suriname
    President of Suriname
    The President of the Republic of Suriname is, in accordance with the Constitution of 1987, the head of state, head of government, and commander-in-chief of Suriname....
    
     (2000–2010)
• Uruguay
  Uruguay
  Uruguay ,officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay,sometimes the Eastern Republic of Uruguay; ) is a country in the southeastern part of South America. It is home to some 3.5 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the capital Montevideo and its metropolitan area...
  
  
  • President - Jorge Batlle Ibáñez
    Jorge Batlle Ibáñez
    Jorge Luis Batlle Ibáñez is a politician from Uruguay, a member of the Colorado Party. He served as the President of Uruguay from 2000 to 2005....
    
    , President of Uruguay (2000–2005)
• Venezuela
  Venezuela
  Venezuela , officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It borders Colombia to the west, Guyana to the east, and Brazil to the south...
  
  
  • President - Hugo Chávez
    Hugo Chávez
    Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías is the 56th and current President of Venezuela, having held that position since 1999. He was formerly the leader of the Fifth Republic Movement political party from its foundation in 1997 until 2007, when he became the leader of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela...
    
    , President of Venezuela (1999–2002)