List of state leaders in 2002
Encyclopedia
Africa
- AlgeriaAlgeriaAlgeria , officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria , also formally referred to as the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of Northwest Africa with Algiers as its capital.In terms of land area, it is the largest country in Africa and the Arab...
- President - Abdelaziz BouteflikaAbdelaziz BouteflikaAbdelaziz Bouteflika is the ninth President of Algeria. He has been in office since 1999. He continued emergency rule until 24 February 2011, and presided over the end of the bloody Algerian Civil War in 2002...
, President of AlgeriaPresident of AlgeriaThe President of Algeria is the head of state and chief executive of Algeria, as well as the Commander-in-Chief of the Algerian armed forces.-History of the office:...
(1999–present) - Prime Minister - Ali BenflisAli BenflisAli Benflis is a politician in Algeria and former Prime Minister from 2000 to 2003. As of 2003, he is the general secretary of the National Liberation Front party. He was defeated in the Algerian presidential election of April 8, 2004 by President Abdelaziz Bouteflika, taking only 6.4% of the...
, Prime Minister of AlgeriaPrime Minister of AlgeriaThe Prime Minister is the head of government of Algeria.The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Algeria, along with other ministers and members of the government that the new Prime Minister recommends. The People's National Assembly must approve the legislative program of the new...
(2000–2003)
- President - Abdelaziz Bouteflika
- AngolaAngolaAngola, officially the Republic of Angola , is a country in south-central Africa bordered by Namibia on the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the north, and Zambia on the east; its west coast is on the Atlantic Ocean with Luanda as its capital city...
- President - José Eduardo dos SantosJosé Eduardo dos SantosJosé Eduardo dos Santos is an Angolan politician who has been the second and current President of Angola since 1979. As President, José Eduardo dos Santos is also the commander in chief of the Angolan Armed Forces and president of the MPLA , the party that has been ruling Angola since...
, President of AngolaPresident of AngolaThe President of the Republic of Angola is both head of state and head of government in Angola. While the President appoints a Prime Minister, executive authority usually belongs to the President....
(1979–present) - Prime Minister - Fernando da Piedade Dias dos SantosFernando da Piedade Dias dos SantosFernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos , known as Nandó, is an Angolan politician. He was the Prime Minister of Angola from 2002 to 2008 and President of the National Assembly of Angola from 2008 to 2010...
, Prime Minister of AngolaPrime Minister of AngolaThe Prime Minister of Angola is a high government official in Angola, but is not the head of government.Along with the rest of the Council of Ministers, the Prime Minister is appointed by the President. The position was originally created when Angola achieved independence from Portugal on 11...
(2002–2008)
- President - José Eduardo dos Santos
- BeninBeninBenin , officially the Republic of Benin, is a country in West Africa. It borders Togo to the west, Nigeria to the east and Burkina Faso and Niger to the north. Its small southern coastline on the Bight of Benin is where a majority of the population is located...
- President - Mathieu KérékouMathieu KérékouMathieu Kérékou, was President of Benin from 1972 to 1991 and again from 1996 to 2006. After seizing power in a military coup, he ruled the country for 17 years, for most of that time under an officially Marxist-Leninist ideology, before he was stripped of his powers by the National Conference of...
, President of Benin (1996–2006)
- President - Mathieu Kérékou
- BotswanaBotswanaBotswana, officially the Republic of Botswana , is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa. The citizens are referred to as "Batswana" . Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name after becoming independent within the Commonwealth on 30 September 1966...
- President - Festus MogaeFestus MogaeFestus Gontebanye Mogae is a Botswana politician who was President of Botswana from 1998 to 2008. He succeeded Quett Masire as President in 1998 and was reelected in October 2004; after ten years in office, he stepped down in 2008 and was succeeded by Lieutenant General Ian Khama...
, President of Botswana (1998–2008)
- President - Festus Mogae
- Burkina FasoBurkina FasoBurkina Faso – also known by its short-form name Burkina – is a landlocked country in west Africa. It is surrounded by six countries: Mali to the north, Niger to the east, Benin to the southeast, Togo and Ghana to the south, and Côte d'Ivoire to the southwest.Its size is with an estimated...
- President - Blaise CompaoréBlaise CompaoréBlaise Compaoré has been the President of Burkina Faso since 1987 following a coup d'état that ousted then-President Thomas Sankara. In 2011, a mutiny by soldiers over unpaid housing allowances forced him to flee the capital for his hometown...
, President of Burkina Faso (1987–present) - Prime Minister - Paramanga Ernest YonliParamanga Ernest YonliParamanga Ernest Yonli, also known as Ernest Paramanga Yonli , is a Burkinabé politician and diplomat who was the Prime Minister of Burkina Faso from November 7, 2000 to June 11, 2007. Since January 2008, Yonli has been the Ambassador of Burkina Faso to the United States...
, Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (2000–2007)
- President - Blaise Compaoré
- BurundiBurundiBurundi , officially the Republic of Burundi , is a landlocked country in the Great Lakes region of Eastern Africa bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. Its capital is Bujumbura...
- President - Pierre BuyoyaPierre BuyoyaMajor Pierre Buyoya is a Burundian politician who has ruled Burundi twice, from 1987 to 1993 and from 1996 to 2003...
, President of Burundi (1996–2003)
- President - Pierre Buyoya
- CameroonCameroonCameroon, officially the Republic of Cameroon , is a country in west Central Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west; Chad to the northeast; the Central African Republic to the east; and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of the Congo to the south. Cameroon's coastline lies on the...
- President - Paul BiyaPaul BiyaPaul Biya is a Cameroonian politician who has been the President of Cameroon since 6 November 1982. A native of Cameroon's south, Biya rose rapidly as a bureaucrat under President Ahmadou Ahidjo in the 1960s, serving as Secretary-General of the Presidency from 1968 to 1975 and then as Prime...
, President of Cameroon (1982–present) - Prime Minister - Peter Mafany MusongePeter Mafany MusongePeter Mafany Musonge was the Prime Minister of Cameroon from September 1996 until December 8, 2004.-Biography:Musonge was born at Muea in the Fako Department of Cameroon's South-West Province...
, Prime Minister of CameroonPrime Minister of CameroonUnder the current constitution of Cameroon, the Prime Minister of Cameroon is a relatively powerless executive. While the Prime Minister is officially appointed to be the head of government, the President retains most of the executive power and can fire the Prime Minister at will.-History:The...
(1996–2004)
- President - Paul Biya
- Cape VerdeCape VerdeThe Republic of Cape Verde is an island country, spanning an archipelago of 10 islands located in the central Atlantic Ocean, 570 kilometres off the coast of Western Africa...
- President - Pedro PiresPedro PiresPedro Verona Rodrigues Pires was the President of Cape Verde from March 2001 to September 2011. Before becoming President, he was Prime Minister from 1975 to 1991....
, President of Cape Verde (2001–2011) - Prime Minister - José Maria NevesJosé Maria NevesJosé Maria Pereira Neves on the island of Santiago , is the Prime Minister of Cape Verde.“José Maria Neves became interested in the politics and government of Cape Verde as a teen-ager.” “He was the leader of a nationalist youth organization during the country’s transition from Portuguese rule to...
, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (2001–present)
- President - Pedro Pires
- Central African RepublicCentral African RepublicThe Central African Republic , is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It borders Chad in the north, Sudan in the north east, South Sudan in the east, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo in the south, and Cameroon in the west. The CAR covers a land area of about ,...
- President - Ange-Félix PatasséAnge-Félix PatasséAnge-Félix Patassé was a Central African politician who was President of the Central African Republic from 1993 until 2003, when he was deposed by the rebel leader François Bozizé...
, President of the Central African Republic (1993–2003) - Prime Minister - Martin ZiguéléMartin ZiguéléMartin Ziguélé is a Central African politician who was Prime Minister of the Central African Republic from 2001 to 2003...
, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (2001–2003)
- President - Ange-Félix Patassé
- ChadChadChad , officially known as the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west...
- President - Idriss DébyIdriss DébyGeneral Idriss Déby Itno is the President of Chad and the head of the Patriotic Salvation Movement. Déby is of the Bidyat clan of the Zaghawa ethnic group. He added "Itno" to his surname in January 2006.-Rise to power:...
, President of Chad (1990–present) - Prime Minister -
- Nagoum YamassoumNagoum YamassoumNagoum Yamassoum is a Chadian politician. He was Prime Minister of Chad from 1999 to 2002 and Minister of State for Foreign Affairs from 2003 to 2005....
, Prime Minister of Chad (1999–2002) - Haroun KabadiHaroun KabadiHaroun Kabadi is a Chadian political figure. He was Prime Minister of Chad from June 2002 to June 2003 and has been President of the National Assembly of Chad since June 2011....
, Prime Minister of Chad (2002–2003)
- Nagoum Yamassoum
- President - Idriss Déby
- ComorosComorosThe Comoros , officially the Union of the Comoros is an archipelago island nation in the Indian Ocean, located off the eastern coast of Africa, on the northern end of the Mozambique Channel, between northeastern Mozambique and northwestern Madagascar...
- President -
- Azali AssoumaniAzali AssoumaniAzali Assoumani was a president of the Comoros. He became leader of the country on 30 April 1999 after leading a coup to depose acting president Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde, who he saw as pandering to the independence movement on Anjouan...
, President of the Comoros (1999–2002) - Hamada MadiHamada MadiHamada Madi, widely known as "Boléro", is a Comorian politician, former Prime Minister and interim President.Born on the island of Mohéli in 1965, he gained a degree in constitutional law in Ukraine and worked as a political adviser in Comoros, becoming secretary general of the Comoros Republican...
, Interim President of the Comoros (2002) - Azali AssoumaniAzali AssoumaniAzali Assoumani was a president of the Comoros. He became leader of the country on 30 April 1999 after leading a coup to depose acting president Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde, who he saw as pandering to the independence movement on Anjouan...
, President of the Comoros (2002–2006)
- Azali Assoumani
- Prime Minister - Hamada MadiHamada MadiHamada Madi, widely known as "Boléro", is a Comorian politician, former Prime Minister and interim President.Born on the island of Mohéli in 1965, he gained a degree in constitutional law in Ukraine and worked as a political adviser in Comoros, becoming secretary general of the Comoros Republican...
, Prime Minister of the ComorosHeads of government of the Comoros-List of Heads of Government of the Comoros:-Affiliations:-See also:*Comoros**Heads of state of the Comoros**Colonial heads of the Comoros*Lists of office-holders...
(2000–2002) - AnjouanAnjouanAnjouan is an autonomous island, part of the Union of Comoros. The island is located in the Indian Ocean. Its capital is Mutsamudu and its population as of 2006 is about 277,500. The total area of the island is 424 sq. kilometers Anjouan (also known as Ndzuwani or Nzwani) is an autonomous island,...
(unrecognized secessionist state until March 2002)- President - Mohamed BacarMohamed BacarColonel Mohamed Bacar was President of Anjouan, one of the three autonomous islands that make up the Union of the Comoros, from 2001 to 2008. He is a former chief of police on Anjouan and has studied extensively in France and the United States. He was part of a military coup on Anjouan in August...
, President of AnjouanPresident of AnjouanThe President of Anjouan is the head of Anjouan, one of the three islands of the Union of Comoros. The position was firstly established in 1997 after the Declaration of independence of Anjouan...
(2001–2007)
- President - Mohamed Bacar
- President -
- Congo–Brazzaville (Republic of the Congo)Republic of the CongoThe Republic of the Congo , sometimes known locally as Congo-Brazzaville, is a state in Central Africa. It is bordered by Gabon, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo , the Angolan exclave province of Cabinda, and the Gulf of Guinea.The region was dominated by...
- President - Denis Sassou NguessoDenis Sassou NguessoDenis Sassou Nguesso is a Congolese politician who has been the President of Congo-Brazzaville since 1997; he was previously President from 1979 to 1992. During his first period as President, he headed the single-party regime of the Congolese Labour Party for 12 years...
, President of the Republic of the Congo (1997–present)
- President - Denis Sassou Nguesso
- Congo–Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of the Congo)Democratic Republic of the CongoThe Democratic Republic of the Congo is a state located in Central Africa. It is the second largest country in Africa by area and the eleventh largest in the world...
- President - Joseph KabilaJoseph KabilaJoseph Kabila Kabange is a Congolese politician who has been President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo since January 2001. He took office ten days after the assassination of his father, President Laurent-Désiré Kabila...
, President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2001–present)
- President - Joseph Kabila
- Côte d'IvoireCôte d'IvoireThe Republic of Côte d'Ivoire or Ivory Coast is a country in West Africa. It has an area of , and borders the countries Liberia, Guinea, Mali, Burkina Faso and Ghana; its southern boundary is along the Gulf of Guinea. The country's population was 15,366,672 in 1998 and was estimated to be...
- President - Laurent GbagboLaurent GbagboLaurent Koudou Gbagbo served as the fourth President of Côte d'Ivoire from 2000 until his arrest in April 2011. A historian by profession, he is also an amateur chemist and physicist....
, President of Côte d'Ivoire (2000–2011) - Prime Minister - Affi N'GuessanAffi N'GuessanPascal Affi N'Guessan is an Ivorian politician who is currently the President of the Ivorian Popular Front . He was the Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire from 27 October 2000 to 10 February 2003....
, Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire (2000–2003)
- President - Laurent Gbagbo
- DjiboutiDjiboutiDjibouti , officially the Republic of Djibouti , is a country in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Eritrea in the north, Ethiopia in the west and south, and Somalia in the southeast. The remainder of the border is formed by the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden at the east...
- President - Ismaïl Omar GuellehIsmail Omar GuellehIsmaïl Omar Guelleh is the President of Djibouti. He succeeded his uncle, Hassan Gouled Aptidon, in 1999. He is often referred to in the region by his initials 'IOG'....
, President of Djibouti (1999–present) - Prime Minister - Dileita Mohamed DileitaDileita Mohamed DileitaDileita Mohamed Dileita has been the Prime Minister of Djibouti since March 2001. He is the Vice-President of the main governing party, the People's Rally for Progress , and is the President of the governing coalition, the Union for a Presidential Majority .-Biography:Dileita was born in Tadjoura...
, Prime Minister of Djibouti (2001–present)
- President - Ismaïl Omar Guelleh
- EgyptEgyptEgypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...
- President - Hosni MubarakHosni MubarakMuhammad Hosni Sayyid Mubarak is a former Egyptian politician and military commander. He served as the fourth President of Egypt from 1981 to 2011....
, President of EgyptPresident of EgyptThe President of the Arab Republic of Egypt is the head of state of Egypt.Under the Constitution of Egypt, the president is also the supreme commander of the armed forces and head of the executive branch of the Egyptian government....
(1981–2011) - Prime Minister - Atef EbeidAtef EbeidAtef Muhammad Ebeid was the Prime Minister of Egypt from October 1999 to July 2004. President Hosni Mubarak invited him to form the new government after the parliamentary elections in 1999. Ebeid was sworn in on 5 October 1999, replacing Kamal Ganzouri.-Early career and Education:Dr...
, Prime Minister of EgyptPrime Minister of EgyptThe Prime Minister of Egypt is the head of the Egyptian government. According to the constitution, the prime minister is the leader of the largest political party in the Egyptian Parliament....
(1999–2004)
- President - Hosni Mubarak
- Equatorial GuineaEquatorial GuineaEquatorial Guinea, officially the Republic of Equatorial Guinea where the capital Malabo is situated.Annobón is the southernmost island of Equatorial Guinea and is situated just south of the equator. Bioko island is the northernmost point of Equatorial Guinea. Between the two islands and to the...
- President - Teodoro Obiang Nguema MbasogoTeodoro Obiang Nguema MbasogoTeodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo is an Equatoguinean politician who has been President of Equatorial Guinea since 1979. He ousted his uncle, Francisco Macías Nguema, in an August 1979 military coup and has overseen Equatorial Guinea's emergence as an important oil producer, beginning in the 1990s...
, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979–present) - Prime Minister - Cándido Muatetema RivasCándido Muatetema RivasCándido Muatetema Rivas is a political figure in Equatorial Guinea who was Prime Minister from 2001 to 2004.Rivas was born in Batepe, a village in southern Fernando Po near Luba. He was General Treasurer of the State from November 1991 to August 1993 and served in the government as Secretary of...
, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (2001–2004)
- President - Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
- EritreaEritreaEritrea , officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa. Eritrea derives it's name from the Greek word Erethria, meaning 'red land'. The capital is Asmara. It is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast...
- President - Isaias AfewerkiIsaias AfewerkiIsaias Afewerki is the first and current President of Eritrea, attaining that status when he led the Eritrean People's Liberation Front to victory in May 1991, thus ending the 30-year old armed liberation struggle that the Eritrean people refer to as "Gedli".-Early life and rise to power:Afewerki...
, President of EritreaHeads of state of EritreaThis page contains a list of the heads of state of Eritrea.-Presidents of Eritrea :-Affiliations:-External links:*...
(1991–present)
- President - Isaias Afewerki
- EthiopiaEthiopiaEthiopia , officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is the second-most populous nation in Africa, with over 82 million inhabitants, and the tenth-largest by area, occupying 1,100,000 km2...
- President - Girma Wolde-GiorgisGirma Wolde-GiorgisGirma Wolde-Giorgis is the current President of Ethiopia.- Political career :He was elected President on 8 October 2001, as a relative unknown and a surprise choice, by a unanimous vote of the Ethiopian Parliament. The Ethiopian presidency is largely a symbolic office with little power...
, President of Ethiopia (2001–present) - Prime Minister - Meles ZenawiMeles ZenawiMeles Zenawi Asres is the Prime Minister of Ethiopia. Since 1985, he has been chairman of the Tigrayan Peoples' Liberation Front , and is currently head of the ruling Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front .Meles was born in Adwa, Tigray in Northern Ethiopia, to an Ethiopian father from...
, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1995–present)
- President - Girma Wolde-Giorgis
- GabonGabonGabon , officially the Gabonese Republic is a state in west central Africa sharing borders with Equatorial Guinea to the northwest, Cameroon to the north, and with the Republic of the Congo curving around the east and south. The Gulf of Guinea, an arm of the Atlantic Ocean is to the west...
- President - Omar BongoOmar BongoEl Hadj Omar Bongo Ondimba , born as Albert-Bernard Bongo, was a Gabonese politician who was President of Gabon for 42 years from 1967 until his death in office in 2009....
, President of Gabon (1967–2009) - Prime Minister Jean-François Ntoutoume EmaneJean-François Ntoutoume EmaneJean-François Ntoutoume Emane is a Gabonese politician who was Prime Minister of Gabon from 23 January 1999 to 20 January 2006. Since 2008 he has been Mayor of Libreville, the capital....
, Prime Minister of Gabon (1999–2006)
- President - Omar Bongo
- The GambiaThe GambiaThe Republic of The Gambia, commonly referred to as The Gambia, or Gambia , is a country in West Africa. Gambia is the smallest country on mainland Africa, surrounded by Senegal except for a short coastline on the Atlantic Ocean in the west....
- President - Yahya JammehYahya JammehAlhaji Dr. Yahya Abdul-Aziz Jemus Junkung Jammeh is the President of The Gambia...
, President of The GambiaHeads of state of the Gambia-Heads of State of The Gambia :-Affiliations:*PPP - People's Progressive Party*APRC - Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction*Mil - Military of the Gambia...
(1994–present)
- President - Yahya Jammeh
- GhanaGhanaGhana , officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country located in West Africa. It is bordered by Côte d'Ivoire to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, Togo to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea to the south...
- President - John KufuorJohn KufuorJohn Kofi Agyekum Kufuor was the second president of the 4th Republic of Ghana and Chairperson of the African Union...
, President of Ghana (2001–2009)
- President - John Kufuor
- GuineaGuineaGuinea , officially the Republic of Guinea , is a country in West Africa. Formerly known as French Guinea , it is today sometimes called Guinea-Conakry to distinguish it from its neighbour Guinea-Bissau. Guinea is divided into eight administrative regions and subdivided into thirty-three prefectures...
- President - Lansana ContéLansana ContéLansana Conté was the second President of Guinea from 3 April 1984 until his death. He was a Muslim and a member of the Susu ethnic group.-Early life:...
, President of Guinea (1984–2008) - Prime Minister - Lamine SidiméLamine SidiméLamine Sidimé is the President of the Supreme Court of Guinea. He was Prime Minister of Guinea from 1999 to 2004.Sidimé served as President of the Supreme Court before being appointed as Prime Minister by President Lansana Conte in March 1999, replacing Sidya Touré. After five years in office, he...
, Prime Minister of Guinea (1999–2004)
- President - Lansana Conté
- Guinea-BissauGuinea-BissauThe Republic of Guinea-Bissau is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Senegal to the north, and Guinea to the south and east, with the Atlantic Ocean to its west....
- President - Kumba IaláKumba IaláKumba Ialá, also spelled Yalá , is a Guinea-Bissau politician who was President of Guinea-Bissau from 17 February 2000 until he was deposed in a military coup on 14 September 2003. He belongs to the Balanta ethnic group and is the President of the Social Renewal Party...
, President of Guinea-Bissau (2000–2003) - Prime Minister -
- Alamara NhasséAlamara NhasséAlamara Ntchia Nhassé is a Guinea-Bissau politician, who was Prime Minister from 9 December 2001 to 17 November 2002. Nhassé is currently the President of the National Reconciliation Party; he previously led the Social Renewal Party ....
, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (2001–2002) - Mário PiresMário PiresMário Pires is a Guinea-Bissau politician who was Prime Minister from 2002 to 2003. He is a member of the Social Renewal Party ....
, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (2002–2003)
- Alamara Nhassé
- President - Kumba Ialá
- KenyaKenyaKenya , officially known as the Republic of Kenya, is a country in East Africa that lies on the equator, with the Indian Ocean to its south-east...
- President -
- Daniel arap MoiDaniel arap MoiDaniel Toroitich arap Moi was the President of Kenya from 1978 until 2002.Daniel arap Moi is popularly known to Kenyans as 'Nyayo', a Swahili word for 'footsteps'...
, President of Kenya (1978–2002) - Mwai KibakiMwai KibakiMwai Kibaki is the current and third President of the republic of Kenya.Kibaki was previously Vice President of Kenya for ten years from 1978–1988 and also held cabinet ministerial positions, including a widely acclaimed stint as Minister for Finance , Minister for Home Affairs and Minister for...
, President of Kenya (2002–present)
- Daniel arap Moi
- President -
- LesothoLesothoLesotho , officially the Kingdom of Lesotho, is a landlocked country and enclave, surrounded by the Republic of South Africa. It is just over in size with a population of approximately 2,067,000. Its capital and largest city is Maseru. Lesotho is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. The name...
- Monarch - Letsie IIILetsie III of LesothoLetsie III is the reigning king of Lesotho. He succeeded his father, Moshoeshoe II, when the latter was forced into exile in 1990. His father was briefly restored in 1995 but soon died in a car crash in early 1996, and Letsie became king again...
, King of Lesotho (1996–present) - Prime Minister - Pakalitha MosisiliPakalitha MosisiliBethuel Pakalitha Mosisili has been the Prime Minister of Lesotho since May 29, 1998. He led his party, the Lesotho Congress for Democracy , to a near-total victory in the 1998 election, and under his leadership the party also won majorities in the 2002 and 2007 elections...
, Prime Minister of Lesotho (1998–present)
- Monarch - Letsie III
- LiberiaLiberiaLiberia , officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Sierra Leone on the west, Guinea on the north and Côte d'Ivoire on the east. Liberia's coastline is composed of mostly mangrove forests while the more sparsely populated inland consists of forests that open...
- President - Charles Taylor, President of Liberia (2000–2003)
- Libya
- De facto Head of State - Muammar GaddafiMuammar GaddafiMuammar Muhammad Abu Minyar Gaddafi or "September 1942" 20 October 2011), commonly known as Muammar Gaddafi or Colonel Gaddafi, was the official ruler of the Libyan Arab Republic from 1969 to 1977 and then the "Brother Leader" of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011.He seized power in a...
, Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1969–2011) - Nominal Head of State - Muhammad az-Zanati, General Secretary of the General People's Congress of Libya (1992–2008)
- Head of Government - Imbarek ShamekhImbarek ShamekhImbarek Shamekh was the Secretary General of the General People's Congress of Libya from 2009 to 2010. He was Prime Minister from 2000 to 2003.-Life:Shamekh was born on 15 May 1952 in Benghazi, Libya...
, General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (2000–2003)
- De facto Head of State - Muammar Gaddafi
- MadagascarMadagascarThe Republic of Madagascar is an island country located in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa...
- President -
- Didier RatsirakaDidier RatsirakaVice Admiral Didier Ratsiraka is a Malagasy politician who was President of Madagascar from 1975 to 1993 and from 1997 to 2002.-Second Republic:...
, President of Madagascar (1997–2002) - Marc RavalomananaMarc RavalomananaMarc Ravalomanana is a Malagasy politician who was the President of Madagascar from 2002 to 2009. A member of the Merina ethnic group, Ravalomanana served as Mayor of Antananarivo before becoming President in 2002...
, President of Madagascar (2002–2009)
- Didier Ratsiraka
- Prime Minister -
- Tantely AndrianarivoTantely AndrianarivoRené Tantely Gabrio Andrianarivo was a politician in Madagascar. He was the Prime Minister of Madagascar from 23 July 1998 until 31 May 2002, under President Didier Ratsiraka....
, Prime Minister of MadagascarPrime Minister of MadagascarThis page contains a list of the Prime Ministers of Madagascar.-Prime Ministers of Madagascar :-Affiliations:*PSD - Social Democratic Party of Madagascar and the Comoros...
(1998–2002) - Jacques SyllaJacques SyllaJacques Hugues Sylla was a Malagasy politician. He was the Prime Minister of Madagascar under President Marc Ravalomanana from February 2002 until January 2007. He subsequently served as the President of the National Assembly of Madagascar from 2007 until 2009.Sylla was born on the island of...
, Prime Minister of MadagascarPrime Minister of MadagascarThis page contains a list of the Prime Ministers of Madagascar.-Prime Ministers of Madagascar :-Affiliations:*PSD - Social Democratic Party of Madagascar and the Comoros...
(2002–2007)
- Tantely Andrianarivo
- President -
- MalawiMalawiThe Republic of Malawi is a landlocked country in southeast Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland. It is bordered by Zambia to the northwest, Tanzania to the northeast, and Mozambique on the east, south and west. The country is separated from Tanzania and Mozambique by Lake Malawi. Its size...
- President - Bakili MuluziBakili MuluziElson Bakili Muluzi is a Malawian politician. He was the President of Malawi from 1994 to 2004 and was Chairman of the United Democratic Front until 2009.-Presidency:...
, President of Malawi (1994–2004)
- President - Bakili Muluzi
- MaliMaliMali , officially the Republic of Mali , is a landlocked country in Western Africa. Mali borders Algeria on the north, Niger on the east, Burkina Faso and the Côte d'Ivoire on the south, Guinea on the south-west, and Senegal and Mauritania on the west. Its size is just over 1,240,000 km² with...
- President -
- Alpha Oumar KonaréAlpha Oumar KonaréAlpha Oumar Konaré was the President of Mali for two five-year terms , and was Chairperson of the African Union Commission from 2003 to 2008.-Scholarly career:...
, President of Mali (1992–2002) - Amadou Toumani TouréAmadou Toumani TouréAmadou Toumani Touré is the president of Mali. He overthrew a military ruler, Moussa Traoré in 1991, then handed power to civilian authorities the next year...
, President of Mali (2002–present)
- Alpha Oumar Konaré
- Prime Minister -
- Mandé SidibéMandé SidibéMandé Sidibé was Prime Minister of Mali from 2000 to 2002 and Chairman of the Board of Directors of Ecobank from 2006 to 2009...
, Prime Minister of Mali (2000–2002) - Modibo KeitaModibo KeïtaModibo Keita ; was the first President of Mali and the Prime Minister of the Mali Federation. He espoused a form of African socialism.-Youth:...
, Prime Minister of Mali (2002) - Ahmed Mohamed Ag HamaniAhmed Mohamed ag HamaniAhmed Mohamed ag Hamani, born , was the Prime Minister of Mali from 2002 until 2004.Hamani was born in Goundam. He became a technical advisor to the Minister of the Plan in 1975 before entering the government on January 7, 1978 as Minister for the Supervision of Companies and State Enterprises...
, Prime Minister of Mali (2002–2004)
- Mandé Sidibé
- President -
- MauritaniaMauritaniaMauritania is a country in the Maghreb and West Africa. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean in the west, by Western Sahara in the north, by Algeria in the northeast, by Mali in the east and southeast, and by Senegal in the southwest...
- President - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed TayaMaaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed TayaMaaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya , was Prime Minister of Mauritania from 1981 to 1984 and president from 1984 to 2005. He guided Mauritania from military rule to democracy, and took a pro-Western stance in foreign affairs...
, President of Mauritania (1984–2005) - Prime Minister - Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed KhounaCheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed KhounaCheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna is a Mauritanian political figure. He was Prime Minister of Mauritania from 2 January 1996 to 18 December 1997, Minister of Foreign Affairs from 12 July 1998 to 16 November 1998, and Prime Minister again from 16 November 1998 to 6 July 2003 under President...
, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1998–2003)
- President - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
- MauritiusMauritiusMauritius , officially the Republic of Mauritius is an island nation off the southeast coast of the African continent in the southwest Indian Ocean, about east of Madagascar...
- President -
- Cassam UteemCassam UteemCassam Uteem is a Mauritian political figure who served as President of Mauritius from 30 June 1992 to 15 February 2002 and is the longest serving President of Mauritius, having served for nine years....
, President of Mauritius (1992–2002) - Angidi ChettiarAngidi ChettiarAngidi Verriah Chettiar was a Mauritian politician who served as the Vice President of Mauritius from August 2007 until his death in September 2010. Angidi Chettiar was born in Madurai in the State of Tamil Nadu, India and came to Mauritius at the age of 10. The Chettiar family is a family of...
, Acting President of Mauritius (2002) - Ariranga PillayAriranga PillayAriranga Govindasamy Pillay was the Chief Justice of Mauritius until 2007.He was called to the Bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1972 and is the Chairman of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission of Mauritius. In November 2001, he was elected as an Honourary Bencher of Lincoln's Inn, London...
, Acting President of Mauritius (2002) - Karl OffmannKarl OffmannKarl Auguste Offmann is a Mauritian politician.After two of his successive predecessors had resigned over their refusal to sign a controversial anti-terrorism bill, the parliament elected Offmann to serve as President of Mauritius on 25 February 2002...
, President of Mauritius (2002–2003)
- Cassam Uteem
- Prime Minister - Sir Anerood JugnauthAnerood JugnauthSir Anerood Jugnauth , KCMG, QC, GCSK, PC, LLB, GOLH, GOP, ORS is the President of Mauritius and all its dependencies...
, Prime Minister of Mauritius (2000–2003)
- President -
- MayotteMayotteMayotte is an overseas department and region of France consisting of a main island, Grande-Terre , a smaller island, Petite-Terre , and several islets around these two. The archipelago is located in the northern Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean, namely between northwestern Madagascar and...
(Departmental collectivity of France)- Prefect -
- Philippe de Mester, Prefect of Mayotte (2001–2002)
- Jean-Jacques Brot, Prefect of Mayotte (2002–2005)
- President of the General Council - Younoussa BamanaYounoussa BamanaYounoussa Bamana was a politician from Mayotte who served in the French National Assembly from 1978-1981 .- references :*...
, President of the General Council of MayotteGeneral Council of MayotteMayotte elects on territorial level a legislature. The General Council has 19 members, elected for a three year term in single seat constituencies.- Presidents of the General Council:* Younoussa Bamana : 6 July 1977 – March 1991...
(1991–2004)
- Prefect -
- MoroccoMoroccoMorocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country located in North Africa. It has a population of more than 32 million and an area of 710,850 km², and also primarily administers the disputed region of the Western Sahara...
- Monarch - Mohammed VIMohammed VI of MoroccoMohammed VI is the present King of Morocco and Amir al-Mu'minin . He ascended to the throne on 23 July 1999 upon the death of his father.-Education:...
, King of Morocco (1999–present) - Prime Minister -
- Abderrahmane YoussoufiAbderrahmane YoussoufiAbderrahmane Youssoufi is a Moroccan politician who served as the Prime Minister of Morocco from 1998 to 2002.-Early life:...
, Prime Minister of Morocco (1998–2002) - Driss JettouDriss Jettou-Early life and education:Jettou was born in the town of El-Jadida. After secondary studies at El Khawarizmi college in Casablanca, he obtained a technical Baccalauréat in mathematics in 1964. He then joined the Faculty of Sciences of Rabat where he graduated in physics and chemistry in 1966...
, Prime Minister of Morocco (2002–2007)
- Abderrahmane Youssoufi
- Western SaharaSahrawi Arab Democratic RepublicThe Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is a partially recognised state that claims sovereignty over the entire territory of Western Sahara, a former Spanish colony. SADR was proclaimed by the Polisario Front on February 27, 1976, in Bir Lehlu, Western Sahara. The SADR government controls about...
(self-declared, partially recognized state)- President - Mohamed AbdelazizMohamed AbdelazizMohamed Abdelaziz is the 3rd and current Secretary General of the Polisario Front and President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic since 1976...
, President of Western Sahara (1976–present) - Prime Minister - Bouchraya Hammoudi BayounBouchraya Hammoudi BayounBouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun is the Polisario Front representative for Spain, with a base in Madrid. He had been Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic twice. He studied Economics at the University of Havana, Cuba...
, Prime Minister of Western Sahara (1999–2003)
- President - Mohamed Abdelaziz
- Monarch - Mohammed VI
- MozambiqueMozambiqueMozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique , is a country in southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest...
-- President - Joaquim ChissanoJoaquim ChissanoJoaquim Alberto Chissano served as the second President of Mozambique for nineteen years from 6 November 1986 until 2 February 2005. Since stepping down as president, Chissano has become an elder statesman and is called upon by international bodies, such as the United Nations, to be an envoy or...
, President of MozambiqueHeads of state of Mozambique-Presidents of Mozambique :-Affiliations:FRELIMO = Frente de Libertação de Moçambique...
(1986–2005) - Prime Minister - Pascoal MocumbiPascoal MocumbiPascoal Manuel Mocumbi was the Prime Minister of Mozambique from 1994 until 2004. His traditional name was Mahykete. He is the son of Manuel Mocumbi Malume, deceased, and Leta Alson Cuhle.-Education:...
, Prime Minister of MozambiqueHeads of government of Mozambique-Prime Ministers of Mozambique :-Affiliations:FRELIMO = Frente da Libertação de Moçambique RENAMO = Resistencia Nacional Moçambicana -See also:*Colonial Heads of Mozambique*Heads...
(1994–2004)
- President - Joaquim Chissano
- NamibiaNamibiaNamibia, officially the Republic of Namibia , is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Angola and Zambia to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east. It gained independence from South Africa on 21 March...
- President - Sam NujomaSam NujomaSamuel Daniel Shafiishuna Nujoma is a Namibian politician who was the first President of Namibia from 1990 to 2005. He led the South-West Africa People's Organisation in its long struggle against South African rule and took office as President when Namibia obtained independence on 21 March 1990...
, President of Namibia (1990–2005) - Prime Minister -
- Hage GeingobHage GeingobHage Geingob is a Namibian politician who was the first Prime Minister of Namibia following its independence, serving from 1990 to 2002...
, Prime Minister of NamibiaPrime Minister of Namibia-Prime Ministers of Namibia :-See also:*Namibia**Politics of Namibia**List of colonial heads of Namibia **List of Presidents of Namibia...
(1990–2002) - Theo-Ben GurirabTheo-Ben GurirabTheo-Ben Gurirab is a Namibian politician who has been the Speaker of the National Assembly of Namibia since 2005; previously he was Prime Minister of Namibia from August 27, 2002 to March 19, 2005.-Political career:...
, Prime Minister of NamibiaPrime Minister of Namibia-Prime Ministers of Namibia :-See also:*Namibia**Politics of Namibia**List of colonial heads of Namibia **List of Presidents of Namibia...
(2002–2005)
- Hage Geingob
- President - Sam Nujoma
- NigerNigerNiger , officially named the Republic of Niger, is a landlocked country in Western Africa, named after the Niger River. It borders Nigeria and Benin to the south, Burkina Faso and Mali to the west, Algeria and Libya to the north and Chad to the east...
- President - Mamadou Tandja, President of Niger (1999–2010)
- Prime Minister - Hama AmadouHama AmadouHama Amadou is a Nigerien politician who was Prime Minister of Niger from 1995 to 1996 and again from 2000 to 2007. He was also Secretary-General of the National Movement for the Development of Society from 1991 to 2001 and President of the MNSD-Nassara from 2001 to 2009...
, Prime Minister of Niger (2000–2007)
- NigeriaNigeriaNigeria , officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal constitutional republic comprising 36 states and its Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The country is located in West Africa and shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in...
- President - Olusegun Obasanjo, President of Nigeria (1999–2007)
- RwandaRwandaRwanda or , officially the Republic of Rwanda , is a country in central and eastern Africa with a population of approximately 11.4 million . Rwanda is located a few degrees south of the Equator, and is bordered by Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo...
- President - Paul KagamePaul KagamePaul Kagame is the sixth and current President of the Republic of Rwanda. He rose to prominence as the leader of the Rwandan Patriotic Front , whose victory over the incumbent government in July 1994 effectively ended the Rwandan genocide...
, President of Rwanda (2000–present) - Prime Minister - Bernard MakuzaBernard MakuzaBernard Makuza is a Rwandan politician who was Prime Minister of Rwanda from 8 March 2000 to 6 October 2011. An ethnic Hutu, Makuza was a member of the Democratic Republican Movement before allegations were made that the party promoted genocide...
, Prime Minister of RwandaPrime Minister of Rwanda-List of Prime Ministers of Rwanda:-Affiliations:*Parmehutu - Party of the Hutu Emancipation Movement*MRND - National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development...
(2000–2011)
- President - Paul Kagame
- Saint Helena and DependenciesSaint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da CunhaSaint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha is a British overseas territory and overseas territory of the European Union consisting of the islands of Saint Helena, Ascension Island and the Tristan da Cunha group...
(British overseas territory)- Governor - David Hollamby, Governor of Saint HelenaGovernor of Saint HelenaThe Governor of Saint Helena is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha...
(1999–2004)
- Governor - David Hollamby, Governor of Saint Helena
- São Tomé and PríncipeSão Tomé and PríncipeSão Tomé and Príncipe, officially the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, is a Portuguese-speaking island nation in the Gulf of Guinea, off the western equatorial coast of Central Africa. It consists of two islands: São Tomé and Príncipe, located about apart and about , respectively, off...
- President - Fradique de MenezesFradique de MenezesFradique Bandeira Melo de Menezes was the President of São Tomé and Príncipe from 2003 to 2011.-Early life:Menezes was born on the then Portuguese colony of São Tomé in 1942, the son of a Portuguese man and a local woman. He attended high school in Portugal...
, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (2001–2003) - Prime Minister -
- Evaristo Carvalho, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (2001–2002)
- Gabriel CostaGabriel CostaGabriel Arcanjo Ferreira da Costa is a former prime minister of São Tomé and Príncipe.-Prime minister:Before becoming Prime Minister Costa was ambassador to Portugal, from where he was appointed as Prime Minister to lead a coalition government in April 2002...
, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (2002) - Maria das NevesMaria das NevesMaria das Neves Ceita Baptista de Sousa is a former Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe.She is a member of the Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe-Social Democratic Party ....
, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (2002–2004)
- President - Fradique de Menezes
- SenegalSenegalSenegal , officially the Republic of Senegal , is a country in western Africa. It owes its name to the Sénégal River that borders it to the east and north...
- President - Abdoulaye WadeAbdoulaye WadeAbdoulaye Wade is the third and current President of Senegal, in office since 2000. He is also the Secretary-General of the Senegalese Democratic Party and has led the party since it was founded in 1974...
, President of Senegal (2000–present) - Prime Minister -
- Mame Madior BoyeMame Madior BoyeMame Madior Boye was Prime Minister of Senegal from 2001 to 2002. She was the first and so far only female holder of that position.Boye was born in Saint-Louis...
, Prime Minister of SenegalPrime Minister of SenegalThe Prime Minister of Senegal is the head of government of Senegal. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Senegal, who is directly elected for a five year term. The Prime Minister, in turn, appoints the Senegalese cabinet, after consultation with the President.This is a list of the...
(2001–2002) - Idrissa SeckIdrissa SeckIdrissa Seck is a Senegalese politician who was Prime Minister of Senegal from November 2002 to April 2004. He was a leading member of the Senegalese Democratic Party and was considered a protégé of President Abdoulaye Wade, but he subsequently went into opposition and was a candidate in the...
, Prime Minister of SenegalPrime Minister of SenegalThe Prime Minister of Senegal is the head of government of Senegal. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Senegal, who is directly elected for a five year term. The Prime Minister, in turn, appoints the Senegalese cabinet, after consultation with the President.This is a list of the...
(2002–2004)
- Mame Madior Boye
- President - Abdoulaye Wade
- SeychellesSeychellesSeychelles , officially the Republic of Seychelles , is an island country spanning an archipelago of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean, some east of mainland Africa, northeast of the island of Madagascar....
- President - France-Albert RenéFrance-Albert RenéFrance-Albert René was the long-time socialist President of Seychelles from 1977 to 2004. He is known by government officials and party members as "the Boss". His name is often given as simply Albert René or F.A...
, President of Seychelles (1977–2004)
- President - France-Albert René
- Sierra LeoneSierra LeoneSierra Leone , officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Guinea to the north and east, Liberia to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west and southwest. Sierra Leone covers a total area of and has an estimated population between 5.4 and 6.4...
- President - Ahmad Tejan KabbahAhmad Tejan KabbahAlhaji Ahmad Tejan Kabbah served as President of Sierra Leone from 1996 to 1997 and again from 1998 to 2007.He worked for the United Nations Development Programme and returned to Sierra Leone in 1992...
, President of Sierra Leone (1998–2007)
- President - Ahmad Tejan Kabbah
- SomaliaSomaliaSomalia , officially the Somali Republic and formerly known as the Somali Democratic Republic under Socialist rule, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. Since the outbreak of the Somali Civil War in 1991 there has been no central government control over most of the country's territory...
- President - Abdiqasim Salad HassanAbdiqasim Salad HassanDr Abdiqasim Salad Hassan is a prominent Somali politician. He was President of Somalia from 2001 to 2004, and previously served as Interior Minister and Finance Minister in the government of Mohamed Siad Barre.-Biography:...
, President of Somalia (2000–2004) - Prime Minister - Hassan Abshir Farah, Prime Minister of SomaliaPrime Minister of SomaliaThis page contains a list of the Prime Ministers of Somalia.-Prime Ministers of Somalia :-Affiliations:*SYL - Somali Youth League*SNL - Somali National League...
(2001–2003) - SomalilandSomalilandSomaliland is an unrecognised self-declared sovereign state that is internationally recognised as an autonomous region of Somalia. The government of Somaliland regards itself as the successor state to the British Somaliland protectorate, which was independent for a few days in 1960 as the State of...
(unrecognized secessionist state)- President -
- Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, President of Somaliland (1993–2002)
- Dahir Riyale KahinDahir Riyale KahinDahir Rayale Kahin was the third President of Somaliland, a self-declared republic that is internationally recognized as a part of Somalia. He became the third president of Somaliland on May 3, 2002, after the death of Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal...
, President of Somaliland (2002–2010)
- President -
- PuntlandPuntlandPuntland , officially the Puntland State of Somalia , is a region in northeastern Somalia, centered on Garowe in the Nugaal province. Its leaders declared the territory an autonomous state in 1998....
(self-declared autonomous state, de facto independent)- President -
- Jama Ali JamaJama Ali JamaJama Ali Jama is a Somali politician, and President of Puntland from November 14, 2001 to May 8, 2002.-Biography:Jama was a former colonel in the Somali military, and was imprisoned for 11 years during the reign of Mohamed Siad Barre after having been accused of trying to overthrow the latter.He...
, President of Puntland (2001–2002) - Abdullahi Yusuf AhmedAbdullahi Yusuf AhmedAbdullahi Yusuf Ahmed is a veteran Somali politician. He is one of the founders of the Somali Salvation Democratic Front, as well as the Puntland State of Somalia, where he served as the autonomous region's first President...
, President of Puntland (2002–2004)
- Jama Ali Jama
- President -
- President - Abdiqasim Salad Hassan
- South AfricaSouth AfricaThe Republic of South Africa is a country in southern Africa. Located at the southern tip of Africa, it is divided into nine provinces, with of coastline on the Atlantic and Indian oceans...
- President - Thabo MbekiThabo MbekiThabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki is a South African politician who served two terms as the second post-apartheid President of South Africa from 14 June 1999 to 24 September 2008. He is also the brother of Moeletsi Mbeki...
, President of South Africa (1999–2008)
- President - Thabo Mbeki
- SudanSudanSudan , officially the Republic of the Sudan , is a country in North Africa, sometimes considered part of the Middle East politically. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the...
- President - Omar al-BashirOmar al-BashirLieutenant General Omar Hassan Ahmad Al-Bashir is the current President of Sudan and the head of the National Congress Party. He came to power in 1989 when he, as a brigadier in the Sudanese army, led a group of officers in a bloodless military coup that ousted the government of Prime Minister...
, President of Sudan (1989–present)
- President - Omar al-Bashir
- SwazilandSwazilandSwaziland, officially the Kingdom of Swaziland , and sometimes called Ngwane or Swatini, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa, bordered to the north, south and west by South Africa, and to the east by Mozambique...
-- Monarch - Mswati IIIMswati III of SwazilandMswati III is the King of Swaziland and head of the Swazi Royal Family. In 1986, he succeeded his father Sobhuza II as ruler of the southern African kingdom...
, King of Swaziland (1986–present) - Prime Minister - Barnabas Sibusiso DlaminiBarnabas Sibusiso DlaminiBarnabas Sibusiso Dlamini is Prime Minister of Swaziland. He was Prime Minister from 1996 to 2003 and has held the position again since October 2008....
, Prime Minister of Swaziland (1996–2003)
- Monarch - Mswati III
- TanzaniaTanzaniaThe United Republic of Tanzania is a country in East Africa bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north, Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west, and Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique to the south. The country's eastern borders lie on the Indian Ocean.Tanzania is a state...
- President - Benjamin MkapaBenjamin MkapaBenjamin William Mkapa was the third President of the United Republic of Tanzania and former Chairman for the Revolutionary State Party .-Biography:...
, President of Tanzania (1995–2005) - Prime Minister - Frederick SumayeFrederick SumayeFrederick Tluway Sumaye is the former Prime Minister of Tanzania. He was Prime Minister since the first multi-party elections on 28 November 1995 until 30 December 2005. After leaving office, in 2006 he enrolled for a year as a mid-career student in the Edward S. Mason Program at the John F...
, Prime Minister of Tanzania (1995–2005)
- President - Benjamin Mkapa
- TogoTogoTogo, officially the Togolese Republic , is a country in West Africa bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. It extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, on which the capital Lomé is located. Togo covers an area of approximately with a population of approximately...
- President - Gnassingbé EyadémaGnassingbé EyadémaGeneral Gnassingbé Eyadéma , was the President of Togo from 1967 until his death in 2005. He participated in two successful military coups, in January 1963 and January 1967, and became President on April 14, 1967...
, President of Togo (1967–2005) - Prime Minister -
- Agbéyomé KodjoAgbeyome KodjoMessan Agbéyomé Gabriel Kodjo is a Togolese politician who served as Prime Minister of Togo from 29 August 2000 to 27 June 2002.-Political career:...
, Prime Minister of Togo (2000–2002) - Koffi SamaKoffi SamaKoffi Sama was the Prime Minister of Togo from 29 June 2002 until 9 June 2005.-Biography:Sama was born in Amoutchou in Ogou Prefecture...
, Prime Minister of Togo (2002–2005)
- Agbéyomé Kodjo
- President - Gnassingbé Eyadéma
- TunisiaTunisiaTunisia , officially the Tunisian RepublicThe long name of Tunisia in other languages used in the country is: , is the northernmost country in Africa. It is a Maghreb country and is bordered by Algeria to the west, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Its area...
- President - Zine El Abidine Ben AliZine El Abidine Ben AliZine El Abidine Ben Ali is a Tunisian political figure who was the second President of Tunisia from 1987 to 2011. Ben Ali was appointed Prime Minister in October 1987, and he assumed the Presidency on 7 November 1987 in a bloodless coup d'état that ousted President Habib Bourguiba, who was...
, President of Tunisia (1987–2011) - Prime Minister - Mohamed GhannouchiMohamed GhannouchiMohamed Ghannouchi was the Prime Minister of Tunisia and was self-proclaimed acting President of the country for a few hours starting 14 January 2011, under Article 56 of the Constitution of Tunisia...
, Prime Minister of TunisiaPrime Minister of TunisiaThe Prime Minister of the Tunisian Republic is the head of government of Tunisia. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Tunisia...
(1999–2011)
- President - Zine El Abidine Ben Ali
- UgandaUgandaUganda , officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country in East Africa. Uganda is also known as the "Pearl of Africa". It is bordered on the east by Kenya, on the north by South Sudan, on the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, on the southwest by Rwanda, and on the south by...
- President - Yoweri MuseveniYoweri MuseveniYoweri Kaguta Museveni is a Ugandan politician and statesman. He has been President of Uganda since 26 January 1986.Museveni was involved in the war that deposed Idi Amin Dada, ending his rule in 1979, and in the rebellion that subsequently led to the demise of the Milton Obote regime in 1985...
, President of Uganda (1986–present) - Prime Minister - Apolo NsibambiApolo NsibambiApolo Robin Nsibambi is a Ugandan academic and politician who was Prime Minister of Uganda from 5 April 1999 until 24 May 2011. He was succeeded as Prime Minister by Amama Mbabazi on 24 May 2011.-Background:...
, Prime Minister of UgandaPrime Minister of Uganda-List of Prime Ministers of Uganda:-Affiliations:-See also:*Uganda*President of Uganda*Vice President of Uganda*Politics of Uganda*History of Uganda*Political parties of Uganda...
(1999–2011)
- President - Yoweri Museveni
- ZambiaZambiaZambia , officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. The neighbouring countries are the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Tanzania to the north-east, Malawi to the east, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana and Namibia to the south, and Angola to the west....
-- President
- Frederick ChilubaFrederick ChilubaFrederick Jacob Titus Chiluba was a Zambian politician who was the second President of Zambia from 1991 to 2002. Chiluba, a trade union leader, won the country's multi-party presidential election in 1991 as the candidate of the Movement for Multiparty Democracy , defeating long-time President...
, President of Zambia (1991–2002) - Levy MwanawasaLevy MwanawasaLevy Patrick Mwanawasa was the third President of Zambia. He ruled the country from January 2002 until his death in August 2008. He is credited for having initiated a campaign to rid the country of corruption...
, President of Zambia (2002–2008)
- Frederick Chiluba
- President
- ZimbabweZimbabweZimbabwe is a landlocked country located in the southern part of the African continent, between the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers. It is bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the southwest, Zambia and a tip of Namibia to the northwest and Mozambique to the east. Zimbabwe has three...
- President - Robert MugabeRobert MugabeRobert Gabriel Mugabe is the President of Zimbabwe. As one of the leaders of the liberation movement against white-minority rule, he was elected into power in 1980...
, President of Zimbabwe (1987–present)
- President - Robert Mugabe
Asia
- AfghanistanAfghanistanAfghanistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of , making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world...
- President - Hamid KarzaiHamid KarzaiHamid Karzai, GCMG is the 12th and current President of Afghanistan, taking office on 7 December 2004. He became a dominant political figure after the removal of the Taliban regime in late 2001...
, President of AfghanistanPresident of AfghanistanAfghanistan has only been a republic between 1973 and 1992 and from 2001 onwards. Before 1973, it was a monarchy that was governed by a variety of kings, emirs or shahs...
(2001–present)
- President - Hamid Karzai
- BahrainBahrain' , officially the Kingdom of Bahrain , is a small island state near the western shores of the Persian Gulf. It is ruled by the Al Khalifa royal family. The population in 2010 stood at 1,214,705, including 235,108 non-nationals. Formerly an emirate, Bahrain was declared a kingdom in 2002.Bahrain is...
- Monarch - Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifa, King of BahrainKing of BahrainThe King of Bahrain is the monarch and head of state of Bahrain. Between 1783 and 1971, the Bahraini monarch held the title of Hakim, and, from 1971 until 2002, the title of Emir...
(1999–present) - Prime Minister - Sheikh Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa, Prime Minister of BahrainPrime Minister of BahrainIn Bahrain, the Prime Minister is the head of government of the country. According to the Constitution of Bahrain, the Prime Minister is appointed directly by the King, and needs not be an elected member of the Council of Representatives....
(1970–present)
- Monarch - Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifa, King of Bahrain
- BangladeshBangladeshBangladesh , officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh is a sovereign state located in South Asia. It is bordered by India on all sides except for a small border with Burma to the far southeast and by the Bay of Bengal to the south...
- President -
- A. Q. M. Badruddoza ChowdhuryA. Q. M. Badruddoza ChowdhuryDr A.Q.M. Badruddoza Chowdhury was the 15th president of Bangladesh and founding secretary-general of Bangladesh Nationalist Party.-Early life:...
, President of Bangladesh (2001–2002) - Jamiruddin SircarJamiruddin SircarMuhammad Jamiruddin Sarkar is a Barrister and a renowned politician from Bangladesh. He was the speaker of the Bangladeshi parliament. He is one of the founding members of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party and was a member of the Standing Committee, which was the policy making body of the party,...
, Acting President of Bangladesh (2002) - Iajuddin AhmedIajuddin Ahmed-Early life:Ahmed was born in Bikrampur of Dhaka District, erstwhile Bengal province, British India . As the son of Moulvi Ibrahim Mia, Ahmed obtained his B.Sc. and M.S. at the University of Dhaka in 1952 and 1954 respectively and later received his M.S. and Ph.D...
, President of Bangladesh (2002–2009)
- A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury
- Prime Minister - Khaleda ZiaKhaleda ZiaBegum Khaleda Zia is the former First Lady of Bangladesh , and then Prime Minister of Bangladesh, having served from 1991 to 1996, becoming the first woman in the country's history and second in the Muslim world to head a democratic government as prime minister. She served again from 2001 until...
, Prime Minister of BangladeshPrime Minister of BangladeshThe Prime Minister of the People's Republic of Bangladesh is the Head of the Government of Bangladesh. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Jatiya Sangsad Parliament, to their political party and ultimately to the electorate...
(2001–2006)
- President -
- BhutanBhutanBhutan , officially the Kingdom of Bhutan, is a landlocked state in South Asia, located at the eastern end of the Himalayas and bordered to the south, east and west by the Republic of India and to the north by the People's Republic of China...
- Monarch - Jigme Singye WangchuckJigme Singye WangchuckJigme Singye Wangchuck is the former King of Bhutan. He was the fourth Dragon King of Bhutan from 1972 until his abdication in favour of his eldest son, Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, in 2006...
, King of Bhutan (1972–2006) - Prime Minister -
- Khandu Wangchuk, Prime Minister of Bhutan (2001–2002)
- Kinzang DorjiKinzang DorjiLyonpo Kinzang Dorji is a two-time former Prime Minister of Bhutan from 2002 to 2003 and again from 2007 to 2008. He is a member of the Dorji family....
, Prime Minister of Bhutan (2002–2003)
- Monarch - Jigme Singye Wangchuck
- BruneiBruneiBrunei , officially the State of Brunei Darussalam or the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace , is a sovereign state located on the north coast of the island of Borneo, in Southeast Asia...
- Monarch - Hassanal BolkiahHassanal BolkiahGeneral Haji Sir Hassan al-Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah GCB GCMG is the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam, the 29th Sultan of Brunei and the first Prime Minister of Brunei Darussalam...
, Sultan of Brunei (1967–present) - Prime Minister - Hassanal BolkiahHassanal BolkiahGeneral Haji Sir Hassan al-Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah GCB GCMG is the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam, the 29th Sultan of Brunei and the first Prime Minister of Brunei Darussalam...
, Prime Minister of BruneiPrime Minister of BruneiThe Prime Minister of Brunei is a title held by the Sultan of Brunei. As the prime minister, the Sultan presides over the cabinet.As of 2011, the post is held by Hassanal Bolkiah....
(1984–present)
- Monarch - Hassanal Bolkiah
- CambodiaCambodiaCambodia , officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia...
- Monarch - Norodom SihanoukNorodom SihanoukNorodom Sihanouk regular script was the King of Cambodia from 1941 to 1955 and again from 1993 until his semi-retirement and voluntary abdication on 7 October 2004 in favor of his son, the current King Norodom Sihamoni...
, King of CambodiaKing of CambodiaThe King of Cambodia is the head of state of the Kingdom of Cambodia. The King's power is limited to that of a symbolic figurehead to whom people are to give love and respect...
(1993–2004) - Prime Minister - Hun SenHun SenHun Sen is the current Prime Minister of Cambodia.He has been the sole leader of the Cambodian People's Party , which has governed Cambodia since the Vietnamese-backed overthrow of the Khmer Rouge in 1979...
, Prime Minister of CambodiaPrime Minister of CambodiaThe Prime Minister of Cambodia , is the head of government of the Kingdom of Cambodia. Prime Minister is appointed by the King under Article 119 of the Constitution and is responsible for leading the government of the Kingdom.-Constitutional powers:The powers of the Prime Minister are established...
(1985–present)
- Monarch - Norodom Sihanouk
- China (People's Republic of China)People's Republic of ChinaChina , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
-- Communist Party Leader -
- Jiang ZeminJiang ZeminJiang Zemin is a former Chinese politician, who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of China from 1989 to 2002, as President of the People's Republic of China from 1993 to 2003, and as Chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2005...
, General Secretary of the Communist Party of ChinaGeneral Secretary of the Communist Party of ChinaThe General Secretary of the Communist Party of China , officially General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, is the highest ranking official within the Communist Party of China, a standing member of the Politburo and head of the Secretariat...
(1989–2002) - Hu JintaoHu JintaoHu Jintao is the current Paramount Leader of the People's Republic of China. He has held the titles of General Secretary of the Communist Party of China since 2002, President of the People's Republic of China since 2003, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission since 2004, succeeding Jiang...
, General Secretary of the Communist Party of ChinaGeneral Secretary of the Communist Party of ChinaThe General Secretary of the Communist Party of China , officially General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, is the highest ranking official within the Communist Party of China, a standing member of the Politburo and head of the Secretariat...
(2002–present)
- Jiang Zemin
- President - Jiang ZeminJiang ZeminJiang Zemin is a former Chinese politician, who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of China from 1989 to 2002, as President of the People's Republic of China from 1993 to 2003, and as Chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2005...
, President of the People's Republic of ChinaPresident of the People's Republic of ChinaThe President of the People's Republic of China is a ceremonial office and a part of State organs under the National People's Congress and it is the head of state of the People's Republic of China . The office was created by the 1982 Constitution...
(1993–2003) - Premier - Zhu RongjiZhu RongjiZhū Róngjī is a prominent Chinese politician who served as the Mayor and Party chief in Shanghai between 1987 and 1991, before serving as Vice-Premier and then the fifth Premier of the People's Republic of China from March 1998 to March 2003.A tough administrator, his time in office saw the...
, Premier of the People's Republic of ChinaPremier of the People's Republic of ChinaThe Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China , sometimes also referred to as the "Prime Minister" informally, is the Leader of the State Council of the People's Republic of China , who is the head of government and holds the highest-ranking of the Civil service of the...
(1998–2003)
- Communist Party Leader -
- East TimorEast TimorThe Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, commonly known as East Timor , is a state in Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the nearby islands of Atauro and Jaco, and Oecusse, an exclave on the northwestern side of the island, within Indonesian West Timor...
-- gained independence on 20 May 2002 after a 3-year UN administrationUnited Nations Transitional Administration in East TimorThe United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor provided an interim civil administration and a peacekeeping mission in the territory of East Timor, from its establishment on October 25, 1999 until its independence on May 20, 2002 following the outcome of the East Timor Special...
- President - Xanana GusmãoXanana GusmãoKay Rala Xanana Gusmão GCL is a former militant who was the first President of East Timor, serving from May 2002 to May 2007...
, President of East TimorPresident of East TimorThe President of East Timor is the Head of state of the East Timorese republic, elected by popular vote for a five-year term. The role is largely symbolic, though he is able to veto some legislation. Following elections, the president appoints as the prime minister, the leader of the majority party...
(2002–2007) - Prime Minister - Mari AlkatiriMari AlkatiriMari Bim Amude Alkatiri was the first Prime Minister of an internationally-recognized East Timor. He served from May 2002 until he resigned on 26 June 2006 following weeks of political unrest in the country...
, Prime Minister of East TimorPrime Minister of East TimorThe Prime Minister of Timor-Leste is the head of government in East Timor. The President is the head of state. The Prime Minister is chosen by the political party or alliance of political parties with a majority in the national legislature and is formally appointed by the president...
(2001–2006) - Special Representative - Sérgio Vieira de MelloSérgio Vieira de MelloSérgio Vieira de Mello was a Brazilian United Nations employee who worked for the UN for more than 34 years, earning respect and praise around the world for his efforts in the humanitarian and political programs of the UN...
, Special Representative of the Secretary-General for East Timor (1999–2002)
- gained independence on 20 May 2002 after a 3-year UN administration
- IndiaIndiaIndia , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
- President -
- K. R. NarayananK. R. NarayananKocheril Raman Narayanan , also known as K. R. Narayanan, was the tenth President of India. He was the first Dalit, and the first Malayali, to have been President....
, President of IndiaPresident of IndiaThe President of India is the head of state and first citizen of India, as well as the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces. President of India is also the formal head of all the three branches of Indian Democracy - Legislature, Executive and Judiciary...
(1997–2002) - A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, President of IndiaPresident of IndiaThe President of India is the head of state and first citizen of India, as well as the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces. President of India is also the formal head of all the three branches of Indian Democracy - Legislature, Executive and Judiciary...
(2002–2007)
- K. R. Narayanan
- Prime Minister - Atal Bihari VajpayeeAtal Bihari VajpayeeAtal Bihari Vajpayee is an Indian statesman who served as the tenth Prime Minister of India three times – first for a brief term of 13 days in 1996, and then for two terms from 1998 to 2004. After his first brief period as Prime Minister in 1996, Vajpayee headed a coalition government from...
, Prime Minister of IndiaPrime Minister of IndiaThe Prime Minister of India , as addressed to in the Constitution of India — Prime Minister for the Union, is the chief of government, head of the Council of Ministers and the leader of the majority party in parliament...
(1998–2004)
- President -
- IndonesiaIndonesiaIndonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
- President - Megawati SukarnoputriMegawati SukarnoputriIn this Indonesian name, the name "Sukarnoputri" is a patronymic, not a family name, and the person should be referred to by the given name "Megawati"....
, President of Indonesia (2001–2004)
- President - Megawati Sukarnoputri
- IranIranIran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
- Supreme Leader - Ali KhameneiAli KhameneiAyatollah Seyed Ali Hoseyni Khāmene’i is the Supreme Leader of Iran and the figurative head of the Muslim conservative establishment in Iran and Twelver Shi'a marja...
, Supreme Leader of IranSupreme Leader of IranThe Supreme Leader of Iran is the highest ranking political and religious authority in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The post was established by the constitution in accordance with the concept of Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists...
(1989–present) - President - Mohammad KhatamiMohammad KhatamiSayyid Mohammad Khātamī is an Iranian scholar, philosopher, Shiite theologian and Reformist politician. He served as the fifth President of Iran from August 2, 1997 to August 3, 2005. He also served as Iran's Minister of Culture in both the 1980s and 1990s...
, President of IranPresident of IranThe President of Iran is the highest popularly elected official in, and the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Iran; although subordinate to the Supreme Leader of Iran, who functions as the country's head of state...
(1997–2005)
- Supreme Leader - Ali Khamenei
- IraqBa'athist IraqThe History of Iraq , referred to as Ba'athist Iraq, covers the period of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party's rule over Iraq. Ba'athist rule in Iraq first occurred briefly in 1963 under Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr until overthrown that same year. Ba'athism was restored to power five years later after...
- President - Saddam HusseinSaddam HusseinSaddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti was the fifth President of Iraq, serving in this capacity from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003...
, President of IraqPresident of IraqThe President of Iraq is the head of state of Iraq and "safeguards the commitment to the Constitution and the preservation of Iraq's independence, sovereignty, unity, the security of its territories in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution." The President is elected by the Council of...
(1979–2003) - Prime Minister - Saddam HusseinSaddam HusseinSaddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti was the fifth President of Iraq, serving in this capacity from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003...
, Prime Minister of IraqPrime Minister of IraqThe Prime Minister of Iraq is Iraq's head of government. Prime Minister was originally an appointed office, subsidiary to the head of state, and the nominal leader of the Iraqi parliament. Under the newly adopted constitution the Prime Minister is to be the country's active executive authority...
(1994–2003)
- President - Saddam Hussein
- IsraelIsraelThe State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...
- President - Moshe KatsavMoshe KatsavMoshe Katsav is an Israeli politician. He served as the eighth President of Israel, a leading Likud member of the Israeli Knesset, and a Cabinet Minister in its government....
, President of IsraelPresident of IsraelThe President of the State of Israel is the head of state of Israel. The position is largely an apolitical ceremonial figurehead role, with the real executive power lying in the hands of the Prime Minister. The current president is Shimon Peres who took office on 15 July 2007...
(2000–2007) - Prime Minister - Ariel SharonAriel SharonAriel Sharon is an Israeli statesman and retired general, who served as Israel’s 11th Prime Minister. He has been in a permanent vegetative state since suffering a stroke on 4 January 2006....
, Prime Minister of IsraelPrime Minister of IsraelThe Prime Minister of Israel is the head of the Israeli government and the most powerful political figure in Israel . The prime minister is the country's chief executive. The official residence of the prime minister, Beit Rosh Hamemshala is in Jerusalem...
(2001–2006) - Palestinian Authority (non-state administrative authority)
- President - Yasser ArafatYasser ArafatMohammed Yasser Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini , popularly known as Yasser Arafat or by his kunya Abu Ammar , was a Palestinian leader and a Laureate of the Nobel Prize. He was Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization , President of the Palestinian National Authority...
, President of the Palestinian Authority (1994–2004)
- President - Yasser Arafat
- President - Moshe Katsav
- JapanJapanJapan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
- Monarch - AkihitoAkihitois the current , the 125th emperor of his line according to Japan's traditional order of succession. He acceded to the throne in 1989.-Name:In Japan, the emperor is never referred to by his given name, but rather is referred to as "His Imperial Majesty the Emperor" which may be shortened to . In...
, Emperor of Japan (1989–present) - Prime Minister - Junichiro KoizumiJunichiro Koizumiis a Japanese politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan from 2001 to 2006. He retired from politics when his term in parliament ended.Widely seen as a maverick leader of the Liberal Democratic Party , he became known as an economic reformer, focusing on Japan's government debt and the...
, Prime Minister of JapanPrime Minister of JapanThe is the head of government of Japan. He is appointed by the Emperor of Japan after being designated by the Diet from among its members, and must enjoy the confidence of the House of Representatives to remain in office...
(2001–2006)
- Monarch - Akihito
- JordanJordanJordan , officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan , Al-Mamlaka al-Urduniyya al-Hashemiyya) is a kingdom on the East Bank of the River Jordan. The country borders Saudi Arabia to the east and south-east, Iraq to the north-east, Syria to the north and the West Bank and Israel to the west, sharing...
- Monarch - Abdullah II, King of Jordan (1999–present)
- Prime Minister - Ali Abu al-RaghebAli Abu al-RaghebAli Abu al-Ragheb was the Prime Minister of Jordan from June 19, 2000 until October 25, 2003. He resigned and was replaced by Faisal al-Fayez.Prime Minister Ali Abu Ragheb was born in Amman, Jordan in 1946...
, Prime Minister of Jordan (2000–2003)
- KazakhstanKazakhstanKazakhstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of is greater than Western Europe...
- President - Nursultan NazarbayevNursultan NazarbayevNursultan Abishuly Nazarbayev has served as the President of Kazakhstan since the nation received its independence in 1991, after the fall of the Soviet Union...
, President of Kazakhstan (1990–present) - Prime Minister -
- Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, Prime Minister of KazakhstanPrime Minister of Kazakhstan-Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars:*Viktor Radus-Zenkovich *Mukhamedkhafiy Murzagaliyev *Saken Seyfullin *Nygmet Nurmakov...
(1999–2002) - Imangali TasmagambetovImangali TasmagambetovImangali Nurgaliuly Tasmagambetov is the current mayor of Astana, Kazakhstan. From December 2004-April 2008 he served as the mayor of Almaty...
, Prime Minister of KazakhstanPrime Minister of Kazakhstan-Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars:*Viktor Radus-Zenkovich *Mukhamedkhafiy Murzagaliyev *Saken Seyfullin *Nygmet Nurmakov...
(2002–2003)
- Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan
- President - Nursultan Nazarbayev
- North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)North KoreaThe Democratic People’s Republic of Korea , , is a country in East Asia, occupying the northern half of the Korean Peninsula. Its capital and largest city is Pyongyang. The Korean Demilitarized Zone serves as the buffer zone between North Korea and South Korea...
- Communist Party Leader - Kim Jong-ilKim Jong-ilKim Jong-il, also written as Kim Jong Il, birth name Yuri Irsenovich Kim born 16 February 1941 or 16 February 1942 , is the Supreme Leader of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea...
, General Secretary of the Workers' Party of KoreaGeneral Secretary of the Workers' Party of KoreaPrior to 1966 the leader of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea was the Chairman of the Central Committee. Since 1966, the year a party congress reformed the structure of the Party, the Central Committee has elected a leader called the General Secretary.-General Secretary of the...
(1997–present) - De facto Head of State - Kim Jong-ilKim Jong-ilKim Jong-il, also written as Kim Jong Il, birth name Yuri Irsenovich Kim born 16 February 1941 or 16 February 1942 , is the Supreme Leader of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea...
, Chairman of the National Defence Commission of North KoreaChairman of the National Defence Commission of North KoreaThe Chairman of the National Defense Commission of North Korea is the supreme commander of the armed forces of North Korea and the most powerful person in the government...
(1993–present) - Nominal Head of State - Kim Yong-namKim Yong-namKim Yong-nam is the current North Korean Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly, a position held since 1998. He was elected a member of the presidium of the politburo of the central committee of the Workers' Party of Korea in 2010.He was born in the Central District, Heijo ,...
, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea (1998–present) - Premier - Hong Song-namHong Song-namHong Song-nam was the Premier of North Korea from 1997 to 2003. He succeeded Kang Song-san.- References :* http://www.881903.com/Page/ZH-TW/newsdetail.aspx?ItemId=109054 **...
, Premier of North Korea (1997–2003)
- Communist Party Leader - Kim Jong-il
- South Korea (Republic of Korea)South KoreaThe Republic of Korea , , is a sovereign state in East Asia, located on the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula. It is neighbored by the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east, North Korea to the north, and the East China Sea and Republic of China to the south...
- President - Kim Dae-jung, President of South KoreaPresident of South KoreaThe President of the Republic of Korea is, according to the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, chief executive of the government, commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and the head of state of the Republic of Korea...
(1998–2003) - Prime Minister -
- Lee Han Dong, Prime Minister of South KoreaPrime Minister of South KoreaThe Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea is appointed by the President with the National Assembly's approval. Unlike prime ministers in the parliamentary system, the Prime Minister of South Korea is not required to be a member of parliament....
(2000–2002) - Chang SangChang SangChang Sang was the Acting Prime Minister of South Korea in July 2002.-References:...
, Acting Prime Minister of South Korea (2002) - Jeon Yun Churl, Acting Prime Minister of South Korea (2002)
- Chang Dae Whan, Acting Prime Minister of South Korea (2002)
- Kim Suk Soo, Prime Minister of South KoreaPrime Minister of South KoreaThe Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea is appointed by the President with the National Assembly's approval. Unlike prime ministers in the parliamentary system, the Prime Minister of South Korea is not required to be a member of parliament....
(2002–2003)
- Lee Han Dong, Prime Minister of South Korea
- President - Kim Dae-jung, President of South Korea
- KuwaitKuwaitThe State of Kuwait is a sovereign Arab state situated in the north-east of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south at Khafji, and Iraq to the north at Basra. It lies on the north-western shore of the Persian Gulf. The name Kuwait is derived from the...
- Monarch - Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-SabahJaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-SabahJaber III al-Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah, GCB , GCMG of the al-Sabah dynasty, was the Emir and thirteenth Sheikh of Kuwait, serving from December 31, 1977 until his death on January 15, 2006...
, Emir of Kuwait (1977–2006) - Prime Minister - Sheikh Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-SabahSaad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-SabahSheikh Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah, KCMG was the Emir of Kuwait during a short reign of nine days , succeeding the late Sheikh Jaber....
, Prime Minister of Kuwait (1978–2003)
- Monarch - Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
- KyrgyzstanKyrgyzstanKyrgyzstan , officially the Kyrgyz Republic is one of the world's six independent Turkic states . Located in Central Asia, landlocked and mountainous, Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the southwest and China to the east...
- President - Askar AkayevAskar AkayevAskar Akayevich Akayev served as the President of Kyrgyzstan from 1990 until his overthrow in the March 2005 Tulip Revolution....
, President of KyrgyzstanPresident of KyrgyzstanThe President of Kyrgyzstan is the head of state and the highest official of Kyrgyzstan. The President, according to the constitution, "is the symbol of the unity of people and state power, and is the guarantor of the Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic, and of an individual and citizen." The...
(1990–2005) - Prime minister -
- Kurmanbek BakiyevKurmanbek BakiyevKurmanbek Saliyevich Bakiyev is a politician who served as the second President of Kyrgyzstan, from 2005 to 2010...
, Prime Minister of KyrgyzstanPrime Minister of KyrgyzstanThe Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan is the head of government of Kyrgyzstan. Generally, the President is in a stronger position than the Prime Minister in Kyrgyzstan. The president is allowed to appoint the Prime Minister temporarily, and his appointment is known as the acting Prime Minister...
(2000–2002) - Nikolai TanayevNikolai TanayevNikolay Timofeyevich Tanayev served as the Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan from 2002 to 2005, under President Askar Akayev. He is an ethnic Russian. He served as Deputy Prime Minister under Kurmanbek Bakiyev and was made acting PM on 22 May 2002 after Akayev fired Bakiyev...
, Prime Minister of KyrgyzstanPrime Minister of KyrgyzstanThe Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan is the head of government of Kyrgyzstan. Generally, the President is in a stronger position than the Prime Minister in Kyrgyzstan. The president is allowed to appoint the Prime Minister temporarily, and his appointment is known as the acting Prime Minister...
(2002–2005)
- Kurmanbek Bakiyev
- President - Askar Akayev
- LaosLaosLaos Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south and Thailand to the west...
- Communist Party Leader - Khamtai SiphandonKhamtai SiphandonGeneral Khamtai Siphandon is a Laotian politician who was President of Laos from February 24, 1998, until June 8, 2006, when he was officially replaced by Choummaly Sayasone....
, General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary PartyLao People's Revolutionary PartyThe Lao People's Revolutionary Party is a communist political party that has governed Laos since 1975. The policy-making organs are the politburo and the central committee. A party congress, which elects members to the politburo and central committee, is held every five years...
(1992–2006) - President - Khamtai SiphandonKhamtai SiphandonGeneral Khamtai Siphandon is a Laotian politician who was President of Laos from February 24, 1998, until June 8, 2006, when he was officially replaced by Choummaly Sayasone....
, President of LaosPresident of LaosThe President of Laos is the head of state of the People's Democratic Republic of Laos.The office of the President was created in 1975, after the takeover of the country by the Pathet Lao, which abolished the monarchy. A member of the deposed royal family, Prince Souphanouvong, was the first...
(1998–2006) - Premier - Bounnhang VorachithBounnhang VorachithBounnhang Vorachith is the vice president of Laos. He served as deputy prime minister from 1996 to 2001, and then was appointed prime minister. He became vice president on June 8, 2006 when Bouasone Bouphavanh was appointed prime minister.He is member of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party.-...
, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of LaosPrime Minister of LaosThe Prime Minister of Laos is the head of government of the People's Democratic Republic of Laos.-Prime Ministers:-Trivia:Between December 1959 to December 1960, Laos had 6 different Prime Ministers, after being ousted by 6 different political coups....
(2001–2006)
- Communist Party Leader - Khamtai Siphandon
- LebanonLebanonLebanon , officially the Republic of LebanonRepublic of Lebanon is the most common term used by Lebanese government agencies. The term Lebanese Republic, a literal translation of the official Arabic and French names that is not used in today's world. Arabic is the most common language spoken among...
-- President - Émile LahoudÉmile LahoudGeneral Émile Jamil Lahoud is a former President of Lebanon. Lahoud is a Maronite-Catholic, as is required for the Lebanese presidency. Under Lebanon's unwritten constitutional agreement, the National Pact, the presidency is earmarked for Maronite_Catholic, the parliament speaker's post for a Shia...
, President of Lebanon (1998–2007) - Prime Minister - Rafic Hariri, Prime Minister of Lebanon (2000–2004)
- President - Émile Lahoud
- Malaysia
- Monarch - Tuanku Syed SirajuddinTuanku Syed SirajuddinTuanku Syed Sirajuddin ibni Tuanku Syed Putra Jamalullail is the current Raja of Perlis, reigning since 17 April 2000. He served as the 12th Yang di-Pertuan Agong from 13 December 2001 to 12 December 2006 and 7th Raja of Perlis since 2000....
, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of MalaysiaYang di-Pertuan AgongThe Yang di-Pertuan Agong is the head of state of Malaysia. The office was established in 1957 when the Federation of Malaya gained independence....
(2001–2006) - Prime Minister - Mahathir Mohamad, Prime Minister of MalaysiaPrime Minister of MalaysiaThe Prime Minister of Malaysia is the indirectly elected head of government of Malaysia. He is officially appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the head of state, who in HM's judgment is likely to command the confidence of the majority of the members of that House of Representatives , the...
(1981–2003)
- Monarch - Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin
- MaldivesMaldivesThe Maldives , , officially Republic of Maldives , also referred to as the Maldive Islands, is an island nation in the Indian Ocean formed by a double chain of twenty-six atolls oriented north-south off India's Lakshadweep islands, between Minicoy Island and...
- President - Maumoon Abdul GayoomMaumoon Abdul GayoomMaumoon Abdul Gayoom was President of the Maldives from 1978 to 2008. After serving as Minister of Transport, he was nominated as President by the Majlis of the Maldives and succeeded Ibrahim Nasir on November 11, 1978. He eventually became the longest-ruling head of government in Asia...
, President of Maldives (1978–2008)
- President - Maumoon Abdul Gayoom
- MongoliaMongoliaMongolia is a landlocked country in East and Central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south, east and west. Although Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, its western-most point is only from Kazakhstan's eastern tip. Ulan Bator, the capital and largest...
- President - Natsagiin Bagabandi, President of MongoliaPresident of MongoliaThe President of Mongolia is the head of state of Mongolia. The Constitution of Mongolia implements a parliamentary system, so while much of the President's role is ceremonial, he or she does wield significant political power.-Election:...
(1997–2005) - Prime Minister - Nambaryn EnkhbayarNambaryn EnkhbayarNambaryn Enkhbayar is a Mongolian political figure. He was the Prime Minister of Mongolia from 2000 to 2004, the Speaker of Parliament from 2004 to 2005, and the President of Mongolia from 2005 to 2009...
, Prime Minister of MongoliaPrime Minister of MongoliaThe Prime Minister of Mongolia is the highest member of the Mongolian government's executive arm, and heads the Mongolian cabinet. The Prime Minister is appointed by Parliament, and can be removed by a vote of no confidence.-Powers:...
(2000–2004)
- President - Natsagiin Bagabandi, President of Mongolia
- MyanmarMyanmarBurma , officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar , is a country in Southeast Asia. Burma is bordered by China on the northeast, Laos on the east, Thailand on the southeast, Bangladesh on the west, India on the northwest, the Bay of Bengal to the southwest, and the Andaman Sea on the south....
- Head of State - Than ShweThan ShweSenior General Than Shwe is a Burmese military leader and politician who was chairman of the State Peace and Development Council from 1992 to 2011. During the period, he held key positions of power including commander-in-chief of the Myanmar Armed Forces and head of Union Solidarity and...
, Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council of MyanmarPresident of BurmaThe President of Burma is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, and leads the executive branch of the Burmese government, and heads the Cabinet of Burma. The president is elected by members of parliament, not by the general population. The Presidential...
(1992–2011) - Prime Minister - Than ShweThan ShweSenior General Than Shwe is a Burmese military leader and politician who was chairman of the State Peace and Development Council from 1992 to 2011. During the period, he held key positions of power including commander-in-chief of the Myanmar Armed Forces and head of Union Solidarity and...
, Prime Minister of MyanmarPrime Minister of MyanmarThe Prime Minister of Burma was the head of government of Burma, also called Myanmar, from 1948 to 2011.-History of the office:The position of Prime Minister was created in 1948, when Burma gained independence from the United Kingdom. Since then, eleven people have held the office...
(1992–2003)
- Head of State - Than Shwe
- Nepal
- Monarch - GyanendraGyanendra of NepalGyanendra Shah was the last King of Nepal. During his life, he has held the title of the King twice: first between 1950 and 1951 as a child when his grandfather Tribhuvan was forced into exile in India with the rest of his family; and from 2001 to 2008, following the Nepalese royal massacre.King...
, King of Nepal (2001–2008) - Prime Minister -
- Sher Bahadur DeubaSher Bahadur DeubaSher Bahadur Deuba is a Nepalese politician and former Prime Minister. He is the second senior most leader of the Nepali Congress. He has twice been elected as the leader of parliamentary party of the Nepali Congress, thus enabling him to be elected twice as the Prime Minister of Nepal.He has...
, Prime Minister of Nepal (2001–2002) - GyanendraGyanendra of NepalGyanendra Shah was the last King of Nepal. During his life, he has held the title of the King twice: first between 1950 and 1951 as a child when his grandfather Tribhuvan was forced into exile in India with the rest of his family; and from 2001 to 2008, following the Nepalese royal massacre.King...
, Prime Minister of Nepal (2002) - Lokendra Bahadur ChandLokendra Bahadur ChandLokendra Bahadur Chand was the prime minister of Nepal four times: from 1983 to 1986, briefly during April 1990, briefly during 1997, and from October 2002 until June 2003. He is a major supporter of the Nepalese monarchy...
, Prime Minister of Nepal (2002–2003)
- Sher Bahadur Deuba
- Monarch - Gyanendra
- OmanOmanOman , officially called the Sultanate of Oman , is an Arab state in southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by the United Arab Emirates to the northwest, Saudi Arabia to the west, and Yemen to the southwest. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the...
- Monarch - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Sultan of Oman (1970–present)
- Prime Minister - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Prime Minister of Oman (1972–present)
- PakistanPakistanPakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
-- President - Pervez MusharrafPervez MusharrafPervez Musharraf , is a retired four-star general who served as the 13th Chief of Army Staff and tenth President of Pakistan as well as tenth Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee. Musharraf headed and led an administrative military government from October 1999 till August 2007. He ruled...
, President of PakistanPresident of PakistanThe President of Pakistan is the head of state, as well as figurehead, of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Recently passed an XVIII Amendment , Pakistan has a parliamentary democratic system of government. According to the Constitution, the President is chosen by the Electoral College to serve a...
(2001–2008) - Prime Minister -
- Pervez MusharrafPervez MusharrafPervez Musharraf , is a retired four-star general who served as the 13th Chief of Army Staff and tenth President of Pakistan as well as tenth Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee. Musharraf headed and led an administrative military government from October 1999 till August 2007. He ruled...
, Chief Executive of PakistanPrime Minister of PakistanThe Prime Minister of Pakistan , is the Head of Government of Pakistan who is designated to exercise as the country's Chief Executive. By the Constitution of Pakistan, Pakistan has the parliamentary democratic system of government...
(1999–2002) - Zafarullah Khan JamaliZafarullah Khan JamaliMir Zafarullah Khan Jamali was the 13th Prime Minister of Pakistan and former Chairman of the Pakistan Hockey Federation.-Early life:Born in Baluchistan, Jamali was the second Baluch Prime Minister of Pakistan...
, Prime Minister of PakistanPrime Minister of PakistanThe Prime Minister of Pakistan , is the Head of Government of Pakistan who is designated to exercise as the country's Chief Executive. By the Constitution of Pakistan, Pakistan has the parliamentary democratic system of government...
(2002–2004)
- Pervez Musharraf
- President - Pervez Musharraf
- PhilippinesPhilippinesThe Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...
- President - Gloria Macapagal-ArroyoGloria Macapagal-ArroyoGloria Macapagal-Arroyo is a Filipino politician who served as the 14th President of the Philippines from 2001 to 2010, as the 12th Vice President of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001, and is currently a member of the House of Representatives representing the 2nd District of Pampanga...
, President of the PhilippinesPresident of the PhilippinesThe President of the Philippines is the head of state and head of government of the Philippines. The president leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines...
(2001–2010)
- President - Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
- QatarQatarQatar , also known as the State of Qatar or locally Dawlat Qaṭar, is a sovereign Arab state, located in the Middle East, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeasterly coast of the much larger Arabian Peninsula. Its sole land border is with Saudi Arabia to the south, with the rest of its...
- Monarch - Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1995–present)
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Abdullah bin Khalifa Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (1996–2007)
- Saudi ArabiaSaudi ArabiaThe Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , commonly known in British English as Saudi Arabia and in Arabic as as-Sa‘ūdiyyah , is the largest state in Western Asia by land area, constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and the second-largest in the Arab World...
- Monarch - FahdFahd of Saudi ArabiaFahd bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud, Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, was King of Saudi Arabia from 1982 to 2005...
, King of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005) - Prime Minister - FahdFahd of Saudi ArabiaFahd bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud, Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, was King of Saudi Arabia from 1982 to 2005...
, Prime Minister of Saudi ArabiaPrime Minister of Saudi ArabiaThe Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia is formally the Head of government under the Malik , the rather absolute Head of State of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.-History:...
(1982–2005)
- Monarch - Fahd
- SingaporeSingaporeSingapore , officially the Republic of Singapore, is a Southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, north of the equator. An island country made up of 63 islands, it is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the...
- President - S.R. NathanS.R. NathanSellapan Ramanathan is a Singaporean politician who was the sixth President of the Republic of Singapore. Usually referred to as S. R. Nathan, he was first sworn in on September 1, 1999. In 1999 and 2005, he was elected President in uncontested elections. In 2009, he surpassed Benjamin Sheares to...
, President of SingaporePresident of SingaporeThe President of the Republic of Singapore is Singapore's head of state. In a Westminster parliamentary system, as which Singapore governs itself, the prime minister is the head of the government while the position of president is largely ceremonial. Before 1993, the President of Singapore was...
(1999–2011) - Prime Minister - Goh Chok TongGoh Chok TongGoh Chok Tong is the Senior Minister of Singapore and the chairman of the central bank of Singapore, the Monetary Authority of Singapore. He also served as the second Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore from 28 November 1990 to 12 August 2004, succeeding Lee Kuan Yew, the former Prime...
, Prime Minister of SingaporePrime Minister of SingaporeThe Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore is the head of the government of the Republic of Singapore. The President of Singapore appoints as Prime Minister a Member of Parliament who, in his opinion, is most likely to command the confidence of a majority of MPs.The office of Prime Minister...
(1990–2004)
- President - S.R. Nathan
- Sri LankaSri LankaSri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is a country off the southern coast of the Indian subcontinent. Known until 1972 as Ceylon , Sri Lanka is an island surrounded by the Indian Ocean, the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait, and lies in the vicinity of India and the...
- President - Chandrika KumaratungaChandrika KumaratungaChandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga born June 29, 1945) was the 4th Executive president of Sri Lanka, serving from November 12, 1994 to November 19, 2005. The daughter of two former Prime Ministers, she was also the leader of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party until end of 2005...
, President of Sri Lanka (1994–2005) - Prime Minister - Ranil WickremasingheRanil WickremasingheRanil Shriyan Wickremesinghe , MP, is a Sri Lankan politician and current Leader of the Opposition in the Sri Lankan parliament. He was Prime Minister of Sri Lanka twice, from May 7, 1993 to August 19, 1994 and from December 9, 2001 to April 6, 2004...
, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (2001–2004)
- President - Chandrika Kumaratunga
- SyriaSyriaSyria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest....
- President - Bashar al-AssadBashar al-AssadBashar al-Assad is the President of Syria and Regional Secretary of the Ba'ath Party. His father Hafez al-Assad ruled Syria for 29 years until his death in 2000. Al-Assad was elected in 2000, re-elected in 2007, unopposed each time.- Early Life :...
, President of Syria (2000–present) - Prime Minister - Muhammad Mustafa MeroMuhammad Mustafa MeroMuhammad Mustafa Mero is a former Prime Minister of Syria who held the post between 2000 and 2003.-Early life, education and career:...
, Prime Minister of Syria (2000–2003)
- President - Bashar al-Assad
- Taiwan (Republic of China)Republic of ChinaThe Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan , which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor...
- President - Chen Shui-bianChen Shui-bianChen Shui-bian is a former Taiwanese politician who was the 10th and 11th-term President of the Republic of China from 2000 to 2008. Chen, whose Democratic Progressive Party has traditionally been supportive of Taiwan independence, ended more than fifty years of Kuomintang rule in Taiwan...
, President of the Republic of ChinaPresident of the Republic of ChinaThe President of the Republic of China is the head of state and commander-in-chief of the Republic of China . The Republic of China was founded on January 1, 1912, to govern all of China...
(2000–2008) - Premier -
- Chang Chun-hsiungChang Chun-hsiungChang Chun-hsiung , born March 23, 1938, a politician in Taiwan, is a former Premier of the Republic of China. Chang was appointed to two separate terms as Premier, both under Chen Shui-bian...
, President of the Executive Yuan of the Republic of ChinaPremier of the Republic of ChinaThe President of the Executive Yuan , commonly known as the Premier of the Republic of China , is the head of the Executive Yuan, the executive branch of the Republic of China , which currently administers Taiwan, Matsu, and Kinmen. The premier is appointed by the President of the Republic of China...
(2000–2002) - Yu Shyi-kunYu Shyi-kunYu Shyi-kun , a Taiwanese politician of the Democratic Progressive Party, is a former chairman of the Democratic Progressive Party in Taiwan. He previously served as Premier of the Republic of China from 2002 to 2005...
, President of the Executive Yuan of the Republic of ChinaPremier of the Republic of ChinaThe President of the Executive Yuan , commonly known as the Premier of the Republic of China , is the head of the Executive Yuan, the executive branch of the Republic of China , which currently administers Taiwan, Matsu, and Kinmen. The premier is appointed by the President of the Republic of China...
(2002–2005)
- Chang Chun-hsiung
- President - Chen Shui-bian
- TajikistanTajikistanTajikistan , officially the Republic of Tajikistan , is a mountainous landlocked country in Central Asia. Afghanistan borders it to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east....
- President - Emomali RahmonovEmomali RahmonovEmomalii Rahmon has served as the head of state of the Republic of Tajikistan since 1992, under the position of President since 1994.-Biography:...
, President of Tajikistan (1992–present) - Prime Minister - Oqil Oqilov, Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1999–present)
- President - Emomali Rahmonov
- ThailandThailandThailand , officially the Kingdom of Thailand , formerly known as Siam , is a country located at the centre of the Indochina peninsula and Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the...
- Monarch - Bhumibol AdulyadejBhumibol AdulyadejBhumibol Adulyadej is the current King of Thailand. He is known as Rama IX...
, King of Thailand (1946–present) - Prime Minister - Thaksin ShinawatraThaksin ShinawatraThaksin Shinawatra is a Thai businessman and politician, who was Prime Minister of Thailand from 2001 to 2006, when he was overthrown in a military coup....
, Prime Minister of Thailand (2001–2006)
- Monarch - Bhumibol Adulyadej
- TurkeyTurkeyTurkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
- President - Ahmet Necdet SezerAhmet Necdet Sezer- External links :* , Presidency of the Republic of Turkey...
, President of Turkey (2000–2007) - Prime Minister -
- Bülent EcevitBülent EcevitMustafa Bülent Ecevit was a Turkish politician, poet, writer and journalist, who was the leader of Republican People's Party , later of the Democratic Left Party and four-time Prime Minister of Turkey.- Personal life :...
, Prime Minister of TurkeyPrime Minister of TurkeyThe Prime Minister of the Turkey is the head of government in Turkish politics. The prime minister is the leader of a political coalition in the Turkish parliament and the leader of the cabinet....
(1999–2002) - Abdullah GülAbdullah GülDr. Abdullah Gül, GCB is the 11th and current President of the Republic of Turkey, serving in that office since 28 August 2007. He previously served for four months as Prime Minister from 2002-03, and as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2003-07....
, Prime Minister of TurkeyPrime Minister of TurkeyThe Prime Minister of the Turkey is the head of government in Turkish politics. The prime minister is the leader of a political coalition in the Turkish parliament and the leader of the cabinet....
(2002–2003)
- Bülent Ecevit
- President - Ahmet Necdet Sezer
- TurkmenistanTurkmenistanTurkmenistan , formerly also known as Turkmenia is one of the Turkic states in Central Asia. Until 1991, it was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic . Turkmenistan is one of the six independent Turkic states...
- President - Saparmurat NiyazovSaparmurat NiyazovSaparmurat Atayevich Niyazov; , was a Turkmen politician who served as President of Turkmenistan from 2 November 1990 until his death in 2006...
, President for Life of TurkmenistanPresident of Turkmenistan-First Secretaries of the Turkmen Communist Party:*Ivan Mezhlauk *Shaymardan Ibragimov *Nikolay Paskutsky *Grigory Aronshtam...
(1990–2006)
- President - Saparmurat Niyazov
- United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab EmiratesThe United Arab Emirates, abbreviated as the UAE, or shortened to "the Emirates", is a state situated in the southeast of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman, and Saudi Arabia, and sharing sea borders with Iraq, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, and Iran.The UAE is a...
- President - Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab EmiratesPresident of the United Arab EmiratesThe President is the Head of State of the United Arab Emirates. Because the current ruler of Abu Dhabi customarily also holds the presidency of the UAE, the office is de facto hereditary. The President is also Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces and Chairman of the Supreme Council and...
(1976–2004) - Prime Minister - Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al MaktoumMaktoum bin Rashid Al MaktoumMaktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum , also referred to as Sheikh Maktoum was the Vice President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates and the emir of Dubai.-Biography:...
, Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1990–2006)
- President - Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates
- UzbekistanUzbekistanUzbekistan , officially the Republic of Uzbekistan is a doubly landlocked country in Central Asia and one of the six independent Turkic states. It shares borders with Kazakhstan to the west and to the north, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to the east, and Afghanistan and Turkmenistan to the south....
-- President - Islam Karimov, President of UzbekistanPresident of UzbekistanPresident of the Republic of Uzbekistan is the Head of State and executive authority in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The office of President was established in 1991 replacing the position of First secretary of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan that has existed since 1925 while the country was known...
(1990–present) - Prime Minister - O‘tkir Sultonov, Prime Minister of UzbekistanPrime Minister of UzbekistanAccording to the Constitution of Uzbekistan, the Prime Minister of Uzbekistan and the deputy ministers are appointed by the President.-Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars:*Fayzulla Khodzhayev...
(1995–2003)
- President - Islam Karimov, President of Uzbekistan
- VietnamVietnamVietnam – sometimes spelled Viet Nam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam – is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea –...
- Communist Party Leader - Nông Đức Mạnh, General Secretary of the Communist Party of VietnamGeneral Secretary of the Communist Party of VietnamThe General Secretary is the leader of the Communist Party of Vietnam. The activities of Politburo and Secretariat are directed by the General Secretary. The post holder also maintains the top position in the Party's Central Military Commission, which is considered the supreme military...
(2001–2011) - President - Trần Đức Lương, President of VietnamPresident of VietnamThe President of Vietnam is the head of state of Vietnam, although the functions of the President are often ceremonial...
(1997–2006) - Prime Minister - Phan Văn Khải, Prime Minister of VietnamPrime Minister of Vietnam-Office:The Prime Minister of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is the head of the executive branch of the Vietnamese government. The Prime Minister presides over the Vietnamese cabinet, and is responsible for appointing and supervising ministers...
(1997–2006)
- Communist Party Leader - Nông Đức Mạnh, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam
- YemenYemenThe Republic of Yemen , commonly known as Yemen , is a country located in the Middle East, occupying the southwestern to southern end of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Red Sea to the west, and Oman to the east....
- President - Ali Abdullah SalehAli Abdullah SalehField Marshal Ali Abdullah Saleh is the first President of the Republic of Yemen. Saleh previously served as President of the Yemen Arab Republic from 1978 until 1990, at which time he assumed the office of chairman of the Presidential Council of a post-unification Yemen. He is the...
, President of YemenPresident of YemenThe President of the Republic of Yemen is the head of state of Yemen.Under the Constitution of Yemen, the president is also the supreme commander of the armed forces and head of the executive branch of the Yemeni government....
(1978–present) - Prime Minister - Abdul Qadir BajamalAbdul Qadir BajamalAbdul Qadir Bajamal was the Prime Minister of Yemen from 31 March 2001 until 7 April 2007. He is a member of the General People's Congress party and had been appointed by President Ali Abdullah Saleh. Before Bajamal's appointment as Prime Minister, he had served as Foreign Minister from 1998 to...
, Prime Minister of YemenPrime Minister of YemenThe Prime Minister of the Republic of Yemen is the head of government in that country. The current Prime Minister, Ali Muhammad Mujawar, has held the position since 7 April 2007. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President...
(2001–2007)
- President - Ali Abdullah Saleh
Europe
- AlbaniaAlbaniaAlbania , officially known as the Republic of Albania , is a country in Southeastern Europe, in the Balkans region. It is bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, the Republic of Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south and southeast. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea...
- President -
- Rexhep MeidaniRexhep Meidaniis an Albanian politician. He graduated from the University of Tirana , Faculty of Natural Sciences, Branch Physics, as well as successfully accomplished the postgraduate studies in the University of Caen...
, President of Albania (1997–2002) - Alfred MoisiuAlfred Moisiuwas the fourth President of the Republic of Albania from July 24, 2002 to July 24, 2007. He is the son of Albanian Army general Spiro Moisiu....
, President of Albania (2002–2007)
- Rexhep Meidani
- Prime Minister -
- Ilir MetaIlir MetaIlir Rexhep Meta is an Albanian politician. He is the current Deputy Prime Minister. He was Prime Minister of Albania from 1999 to 2002 and has been Foreign minister twice since then.- Studies :...
, Prime Minister of Albania (1999–2002) - Pandeli MajkoPandeli MajkoPandeli Majko was Prime Minister of Albania from 1998 to 1999 and for a short time in 2002.He graduated at the University of Tirana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, and later in Law.- MP of the Socialist Party :...
, Prime Minister of Albania (2002) - Fatos NanoFatos NanoFatos Thanas Nano is an Albanian economist who was Prime Minister of Albania during several periods, the first leader of the Socialist Party of Albania, and member of the Albanian Parliament from 1991 to 1996 and 1997 to 2009...
, Prime Minister of Albania (2002–2005)
- Ilir Meta
- President -
- AndorraAndorraAndorra , officially the Principality of Andorra , also called the Principality of the Valleys of Andorra, , is a small landlocked country in southwestern Europe, located in the eastern Pyrenees mountains and bordered by Spain and France. It is the sixth smallest nation in Europe having an area of...
- Monarchs
- French Co-Prince - Jacques ChiracJacques ChiracJacques René Chirac is a French politician who served as President of France from 1995 to 2007. He previously served as Prime Minister of France from 1974 to 1976 and from 1986 to 1988 , and as Mayor of Paris from 1977 to 1995.After completing his studies of the DEA's degree at the...
, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1995–2007) - Episcopal Co-Prince - Joan Martí i Alanis, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1971–2003)
- French Co-Prince - Jacques Chirac
- Prime Minister - Marc Forné MolnéMarc Forné MolnéMarc Forné i Molné was the Head of Government of Andorra from 7 December 1994 to 27 May 2005. After 2 full terms, he was succeeded by Albert Pintat after he won the April 2005 election...
, Head of Government of AndorraHead of Government of AndorraThe Head of Government is the chief executive of the government of the Principality of Andorra.The current Cap de Govern is Antoni Martí.-Heads of Government:-See also:*List of Co-Princes of Andorra...
(1994–2005)
- Monarchs
- ArmeniaArmeniaArmenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia...
- President - Robert Kocharyan, President of ArmeniaPresident of ArmeniaPresident of Armenia is the title of the head of state of Armenia since its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.-Democratic Republic of Armenia :*Avetis Aharonyan *Avetik Sahakyan *Avetis Aharonyan -Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and Armenian...
(1998–2008) - Prime Minister - Andranik Margaryan, Prime Minister of ArmeniaPrime Minister of ArmeniaThe Prime Minister of Armenia is the most senior minister within the Armenian government, and is required by the constitution to "oversee the Government's regular activities and coordinate the work of the Ministers." The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Armenia, but can be removed by...
(2000–2007)
- President - Robert Kocharyan, President of Armenia
- AustriaAustriaAustria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
-- President - Thomas KlestilThomas KlestilThomas Klestil was an Austrian diplomat and politician. He was elected the tenth President of Austria in 1992 and was re-elected to the position in 1998...
, Federal President of AustriaPresident of AustriaThe President of Austria is the federal head of state of Austria. Though theoretically entrusted with great power by the constitution, in practice the President acts, for the most part, merely as a ceremonial figurehead...
(1992–2004) - Chancellor - Wolfgang SchüsselWolfgang SchüsselWolfgang Schüssel is an Austrian People's Party politician. He was Chancellor of Austria for two consecutive terms from February 2000 to January 2007...
, Federal Chancellor of AustriaChancellor of AustriaThe Federal Chancellor is the head of government in Austria. Its deputy is the Vice-Chancellor. Before 1918, the equivalent office was the Minister-President of Austria. The Federal Chancellor is considered to be the most powerful political position in Austrian politics.-Appointment:The...
(2000–2007)
- President - Thomas Klestil
- AzerbaijanAzerbaijanAzerbaijan , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan is the largest country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to...
- President - Heydar AliyevHeydar AliyevHeydar Alirza oglu Aliyev , also spelled as Heidar Aliev, Geidar Aliev, Haydar Aliyev, Geydar Aliyev was the third President of Azerbaijan for the New Azerbaijan Party from June 1993 to October 2003, when his son Ilham Aliyev succeeded him.From 1969 till 1982, Aliyev was also the leader of Soviet...
, President of AzerbaijanPresident of AzerbaijanThe country of Azerbaijan is a presidential republic, with the President of Azerbaijan as the head of state, and the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan as head of government...
(1993–2003) - Prime Minister - Artur RasizadeArtur RasizadeArtur Tahir oğlu Rasizada , often spelled as Artur Rasizade , is the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan. Rasizada was a long-time Communist Party member during the Azerbaijan SSR period...
, Prime Minister of AzerbaijanPrime Minister of AzerbaijanThe Prime Minister of Azerbaijan is the head of government of Azerbaijan. The current prime minister is Artur Rasizade.-Prime Ministers:* Fath Ali Khan Khoyski * Nasib Yusifbeyli...
(1996–2003) - Nagorno-KarabakhNagorno-Karabakh RepublicThe Nagorno-Karabakh Republic , or Artsakh Republic is a de facto independent republic located in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia...
(unrecognized, secessionist state)- President - Arkadi Ghukasyan, President of Nagorno-KarabakhPresident of Nagorno-Karabakh-Chairmen of Parliament :-Presidents :-Latest election:-See also:*Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic...
(1997–2007) - Prime Minister - Anushavan DanielyanAnushavan DanielyanAnushavan Danielyan was Prime Minister of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic from June 1999 through September 2007. He was succeeded by Ara Harutyunyan...
, Prime Minister of Nagorno-KarabakhPrime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh-List of Prime Ministers of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic :-See also:*President of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic...
(1999–2007)
- President - Arkadi Ghukasyan, President of Nagorno-Karabakh
- President - Heydar Aliyev
- BelarusBelarusBelarus , officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered clockwise by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno , Gomel ,...
-- President - Alexander LukashenkoAlexander LukashenkoAlexander Grigoryevich Lukashenko has been serving as the President of Belarus since 20 July 1994. Before his career as a politician, Lukashenko worked as director of a state-owned agricultural farm. Under Lukashenko's rule, Belarus has come to be viewed as a state whose conduct is out of line...
, President of Belarus (1994–present) - Prime Minister - Henadz Navitski, Prime Minister of Belarus (2001–2003)
- President - Alexander Lukashenko
- BelgiumBelgiumBelgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...
- Monarch - Albert IIAlbert II of BelgiumAlbert II is the current reigning King of the Belgians, a constitutional monarch. He is a member of the royal house "of Belgium"; formerly this house was named Saxe-Coburg-Gotha...
, King of the Belgians (1993–present) - Prime Minister - Guy VerhofstadtGuy VerhofstadtGuy Verhofstadt is a Belgian politician who was the 47th Prime Minister of Belgium from 1999 to 2008. He is currently a Member of the European Parliament and leader of the Group of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.- Early career :...
, Prime Minister of Belgium (1999–2008)
- Monarch - Albert II
- Bosnia and HerzegovinaBosnia and HerzegovinaBosnia and Herzegovina , sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina or simply Bosnia, is a country in Southern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. Bordered by Croatia to the north, west and south, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina is almost landlocked, except for the...
- Head of State - Presidency of Bosnia and HerzegovinaPresidency of Bosnia and HerzegovinaThe Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the head of state of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-Overview:...
- Serb member -
- Živko RadišićŽivko RadišicŽivko Radišić is a Bosnian Serb politician and former Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina....
(1998–2002) - Mirko ŠarovićMirko ŠarovicMirko Šarović is a Bosnian Serb politician, former Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina....
(2002–2003), Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and HerzegovinaChairmen of the Presidency of Bosnia and HerzegovinaThe following is a list of Chairmen of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina:-See also:...
(2002–2003)
- Živko Radišić
- Bosniak member -
- Beriz BelkićBeriz BelkicBeriz Belkić is former Member and Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, since 2001.Belkić graduated from the faculty of economics with the University of Sarajevo, in his hometown...
(2001–2002), Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and HerzegovinaChairmen of the Presidency of Bosnia and HerzegovinaThe following is a list of Chairmen of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina:-See also:...
(2002) - Sulejman TihićSulejman TihicSulejman Tihić is a Bosniak politician, a leading member of Party of Democratic Action .Tihić was born in the town of Bosanski Šamac in northern Bosnia. He obtained a degree in Law from the University of Sarajevo...
(2002–2006)
- Beriz Belkić
- Croat member -
- Jozo KrižanovićJozo KrižanovićJozo Križanović was a Croat politician of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Križanović died from complications following surgery in Zagreb on December 2, 2009.-Career:...
(2001–2002), Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and HerzegovinaChairmen of the Presidency of Bosnia and HerzegovinaThe following is a list of Chairmen of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina:-See also:...
(2001–2002) - Dragan ČovićDragan CovicDragan Čović is a Croat politician from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Čović is the leader of the Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Currently Čović is under indictment from the State Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina for misuse of office.-Career:Čović worked for the airplane...
(2002–2005)
- Jozo Križanović
- Serb member -
- Prime Minister -
- Zlatko LagumdžijaZlatko LagumdžijaDr. Zlatko Lagumdžija is a Bosnian politician and academic. He is known for his leadership of the Social Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina...
, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and HerzegovinaChairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and HerzegovinaThe following is a list of Chairmen of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina:...
(2001–2002) - Dragan MikerevićDragan MikerevicDragan Mikerević is a Serb politician from Bosnia and Herzegovina.He served as Prime Minister of the Republika Srpska from January 2003 to February 2005...
, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and HerzegovinaChairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and HerzegovinaThe following is a list of Chairmen of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina:...
(2002) - Adnan TerzićAdnan TerzicAdnan Terzić was the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina from December 2002 until January 2007. Terzić is member of the SBB BiH - Union for Better Future of BiH. He is a member of the Bosniak community....
, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and HerzegovinaChairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and HerzegovinaThe following is a list of Chairmen of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina:...
(2002–2007)
- Zlatko Lagumdžija
- High Representative -
- Wolfgang PetritschWolfgang PetritschWolfgang Petritsch is an Austrian diplomat of Slovene ethnicity. He was born to a Carinthian Slovene family in Klagenfurt and spent his childhood in a partially Slovene, partially German-speaking environment. He has a PhD from the University of Vienna and was a Fulbright Scholar at the University...
, High Representative for Bosnia and HerzegovinaHigh Representative for Bosnia and HerzegovinaThe High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina, with the Office of the High Representative in Bosnia and Herzegovina, was created in 1995 immediately after the Dayton Peace Agreement to oversee the civilian implementation of this agreement. The High Representative and the OHR represent the...
(1999–2002) - Paddy Ashdown, Baron AshdownPaddy AshdownJeremy John Durham Ashdown, Baron Ashdown of Norton-sub-Hamdon, GCMG, KBE, PC , usually known as Paddy Ashdown, is a British politician and diplomat....
, High Representative for Bosnia and HerzegovinaHigh Representative for Bosnia and HerzegovinaThe High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina, with the Office of the High Representative in Bosnia and Herzegovina, was created in 1995 immediately after the Dayton Peace Agreement to oversee the civilian implementation of this agreement. The High Representative and the OHR represent the...
(2002–2006)
- Wolfgang Petritsch
- Head of State - Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- BulgariaBulgariaBulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east...
- President -
- Petar StoyanovPetar StoyanovPetar Stefanov Stoyanov is a former President of Bulgaria from 1997 until 2002. He was elected as a candidate of the Union of Democratic Forces...
, President of Bulgaria (1997–2002) - Georgi ParvanovGeorgi ParvanovGeorgi Sedefchov Parvanov is a President of Bulgaria, whose second and last mandate expires on January 22, 2012; he was elected after defeating his predecessor Petar Stoyanov in the second round of the presidential elections in November 2001 and he came into office on January 22, 2002...
, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (2002–present)
- Petar Stoyanov
- Prime Minister - Simeon Saxe-Coburg-GothaSimeon Saxe-Coburg-GothaSimeon Borisov of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Tsar Simeon II or Simeon II of Bulgaria is an important political and royal figure in Bulgaria...
, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (2001–2005)
- President -
- CroatiaCroatiaCroatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
- President - Stjepan MesićStjepan MesićStjepan "Stipe" Mesić is a Croatian politician and former President of Croatia. Before his ten-year presidential term between 2000 and 2010 he held the posts of Speaker of the Croatian Parliament , Prime Minister of Croatia , the last President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia , Secretary General...
, President of Croatia (2000–2010) - Prime Minister - Ivica RačanIvica RacanIvica Račan was a Croatian career politician, leader of the League of Communists of Croatia and later Social Democratic Party from 1989 to 2007...
, President of the Government of Croatia (2000–2003)
- President - Stjepan Mesić
- CyprusCyprusCyprus , officially the Republic of Cyprus , is a Eurasian island country, member of the European Union, in the Eastern Mediterranean, east of Greece, south of Turkey, west of Syria and north of Egypt. It is the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.The earliest known human activity on the...
- President - Glafcos Clerides, President of Cyprus (1993–2003)
- Northern Cyprus (unrecognized, secessionist state)
- President - Rauf DenktaşRauf DenktasRauf Raif Denktaş is the founder and the first president of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus , a de facto state which is only recognized by Turkey...
, President of Northern CyprusPresident of Northern CyprusThe President of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is the head of state of the TRNC. Rauf Denktaş was the first and founder president of TRNC, and retired in 2005. His position was taken over by Mehmet Ali Talat, followed by the current president, Derviş Eroğlu.In the Turkish Republic of...
(1976–2005) - Prime Minister - Derviş EroğluDervis ErogluDr. Derviş Eroğlu is the President of the unrecognized Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. He was Prime Minister of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus from 1985 to 1994 and from 1996 to 2004, and leader of the National Unity Party. His party won the general elections in 2009 and Eroğlu...
, Prime Minister of Northern CyprusPrime Minister of Northern CyprusThe Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President is head of state and the Prime Minister head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative...
(1996–2004)
- President - Rauf Denktaş
- Czech RepublicCzech RepublicThe Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
-- President - Václav HavelVáclav HavelVáclav Havel is a Czech playwright, essayist, poet, dissident and politician. He was the tenth and last President of Czechoslovakia and the first President of the Czech Republic . He has written over twenty plays and numerous non-fiction works, translated internationally...
, President of the Czech Republic (1993–2003) - Prime Minister -
- Miloš ZemanMiloš ZemanMiloš Zeman is a well-known Czech politician. He was a member and leader of the Czech Social Democratic Party, former speaker of the chamber of deputies from 1996 until 1998, and the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic from 1998 until 2002. He was a frequent rival of Václav Klaus...
, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (1998–2002) - Vladimír ŠpidlaVladimír ŠpidlaVladimír Špidla is a Czech politician. He served as Prime Minister of the Czech Republic from July 2002 to June 2004. Then Vladimír Špidla was appointed to the European Commission as Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities.-Biography:Špidla studied history at Charles...
, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (2002–2004)
- Miloš Zeman
- President - Václav Havel
- DenmarkKingdom of DenmarkThe Kingdom of Denmark or the Danish Realm , is a constitutional monarchy and sovereign state consisting of Denmark proper in northern Europe and two autonomous constituent countries, the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic and Greenland in North America. Denmark is the hegemonial part, where the...
- Monarch - Margrethe IIMargrethe II of DenmarkMargrethe II is the Queen regnant of the Kingdom of Denmark. In 1972 she became the first female monarch of Denmark since Margaret I, ruler of the Scandinavian countries in 1375-1412 during the Kalmar Union.-Early life:...
, Queen of Denmark (1972–present) - Prime Minister - Anders Fogh RasmussenAnders Fogh RasmussenAnders Fogh Rasmussen is a Danish politician, and the 12th and current Secretary General of NATO. Rasmussen served as Prime Minister of Denmark from 27 November 2001 to 5 April 2009....
, Prime Minister of DenmarkPrime Minister of DenmarkThe Prime Minister of Denmark is the head of government in Danish politics. The Prime Minister is traditionally the leader of a political coalition in the Folketing and presides over the cabinet....
(2001–2009)
- Monarch - Margrethe II
- EstoniaEstoniaEstonia , officially the Republic of Estonia , is a state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia , and to the east by Lake Peipsi and the Russian Federation . Across the Baltic Sea lies...
- President - Arnold RüütelArnold RüütelArnold Rüütel OIH was the third President of the Republic of Estonia from October 8, 2001 to October 9, 2006. He was the second President since Estonia regained its independence in 1991....
, President of EstoniaPresident of EstoniaThe President of the Republic is the head of state of the Republic of Estonia.Estonia is a parliamentary republic, therefore President is mainly a symbolic figure and holds no executive power. The President has to suspend his membership in any political party for his term in office...
(2001–2006) - Prime Minister -
- Mart LaarMart LaarMart Laar is an Estonian statesman, historian and a founding member of the Foundation for the Investigation of Communist Crimes. He was the Prime Minister of Estonia from 1992 to 1994 and from 1999 to 2002, and is the leader of the conservative party Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica...
, Prime Minister of EstoniaPrime Minister of EstoniaThe Prime Minister of Estonia is the head of government of the Republic of Estonia. The prime minister is nominated by the President after appropriate consultations with the parliamentary factions and confirmed by the Parliament. In case of disagreement, the Parliament can reject the President's...
(1999–2002) - Siim KallasSiim KallasSiim Kallas is an Estonian politician, currently serving as European Commissioner for Transport. He is also one of five vice-presidents of the 27-member Barroso Commission...
, Prime Minister of EstoniaPrime Minister of EstoniaThe Prime Minister of Estonia is the head of government of the Republic of Estonia. The prime minister is nominated by the President after appropriate consultations with the parliamentary factions and confirmed by the Parliament. In case of disagreement, the Parliament can reject the President's...
(2002–2003)
- Mart Laar
- President - Arnold Rüütel
- FinlandFinlandFinland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.Around 5.4 million people reside...
- President - Tarja HalonenTarja HalonenTarja Kaarina Halonen is the incumbent President of Finland. The first female to hold the office, Halonen had previously been a member of the parliament from 1979 to 2000 when she resigned after her election to the presidency...
, President of FinlandPresident of FinlandThe President of the Republic of Finland is the nation's head of state. Under the Finnish constitution, executive power is vested in the President and the government, with the President possessing extensive powers. The President is elected directly by the people of Finland for a term of six years....
(2000–present) - Prime Minister - Paavo LipponenPaavo LipponenPaavo Tapio Lipponen is a Finnish politician and former reporter. He was Prime Minister of Finland from 1995 to 2003, and Chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Finland from 1993 to 2005...
, Prime Minister of FinlandPrime Minister of FinlandThe Prime Minister is the Head of Government of Finland. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President, who is the Head of State. The current Prime Minister is Jyrki Katainen of the National Coalition Party.-Overview:...
(1995–2003)
- President - Tarja Halonen
- FranceFranceThe French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
- President - Jacques ChiracJacques ChiracJacques René Chirac is a French politician who served as President of France from 1995 to 2007. He previously served as Prime Minister of France from 1974 to 1976 and from 1986 to 1988 , and as Mayor of Paris from 1977 to 1995.After completing his studies of the DEA's degree at the...
, President of France (1995–2007) - Prime Minister -
- Lionel JospinLionel JospinLionel Jospin is a French politician, who served as Prime Minister of France from 1997 to 2002.Jospin was the Socialist Party candidate for President of France in the elections of 1995 and 2002. He was narrowly defeated in the final runoff election by Jacques Chirac in 1995...
, Prime Minister of France (1997–2002) - Jean-Pierre RaffarinJean-Pierre RaffarinJean-Pierre Raffarin is a French conservative politician and senator for Vienne.Jean-Pierre Raffarin served as the Prime Minister of France from 6 May 2002 to 31 May 2005, resigning after France's rejection of the referendum on the European Union draft constitution. However, after Raffarin...
, Prime Minister of France (2002–2005)
- Lionel Jospin
- President - Jacques Chirac
- GeorgiaGeorgia (country)Georgia is a sovereign state in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the southwest by Turkey, to the south by Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. The capital of...
- President - Eduard ShevardnadzeEduard ShevardnadzeEduard Shevardnadze is a former Soviet, and later, Georgian statesman from the height to the end of the Cold War. He served as President of Georgia from 1995 to 2003, and as First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party , from 1972 to 1985. Shevardnadze was responsible for many top decisions on...
, President of GeorgiaPresident of GeorgiaThe President of Georgia is the head of state, supreme commander-in-chief and holder of the highest office within the Government of Georgia. Executive power is split between the President and the Prime Minister, who is the head of government...
(1995–2003) - Prime Minister - Avtandil JorbenadzeAvtandil JorbenadzeAvtandil Jorbenadze is a former Prime Minister of Georgia.Before entering politics, Jorbenadze worked as a doctor; in this capacity, in 1992 he was called to take up the post of deputy minister of health. He left the cabinet briefly the following year, but soon rejoined it as health minister...
, Minister of State of GeorgiaPrime Minister of GeorgiaThe Prime Minister of Georgia is the most senior minister within the Cabinet of Georgia, appointed by the President of Georgia. The official title of the Head of the Government of Georgia has varied throughout history, however, the duties and functions of the leader have changed only marginally....
(2001–2003) - AbkhaziaAbkhaziaAbkhazia is a disputed political entity on the eastern coast of the Black Sea and the south-western flank of the Caucasus.Abkhazia considers itself an independent state, called the Republic of Abkhazia or Apsny...
(unrecognized secessionist state)- President - Vladislav ArdzinbaVladislav ArdzinbaVladislav Grigori-ipa Ardzinba was the first President of Abkhazia. A historian by education, Ardzinba led Abkhazia to de facto independence in the 1992-1993 War with Georgia, but its de jure independence from Georgia remained internationally unrecognised during Ardzinba's two terms as President...
, President of Abkhazia (1990–2005) - Prime Minister -
- Anri Jergenia, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (2001–2002)
- Gennady GaguliaGennady GaguliaGennady Gagulia is a two-time former Prime Minister of Abkhazia and the current head of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry.-Early career:...
, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (2002–2003)
- President - Vladislav Ardzinba
- South OssetiaSouth OssetiaSouth Ossetia or Tskhinvali Region is a disputed region and partly recognized state in the South Caucasus, located in the territory of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast within the former Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic....
(unrecognized secessionist state)- President - Eduard KokoityEduard KokoityEduard Dzhabeyevich Kokoity is the de facto President of South Ossetia.-Early life:Eduard Kokoity was born on 31 October 1964 in Tskhinvali, in the Georgian SSR, a part of the Soviet Union at the time. Kokoity was a member, and champion, of the Soviet Union's national wrestling team...
, President of South OssetiaPresident of South OssetiaThe President of the Republic of South Ossetia is the de facto head of state of the partially recognized Republic of South Ossetia that is de jure part of Georgia...
(2001–present) - Prime Minister - Gerasim Khugayev, Prime Minister of South OssetiaPrime Minister of South OssetiaThe Prime Minister of South Ossetia is the head of government of the Republic of South Ossetia.-List of Prime Ministers of the Republic of South Ossetia :-Sources: * Osinform:...
(2001–2003)
- President - Eduard Kokoity
- President - Eduard Shevardnadze
- GermanyGermanyGermany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
- President - Johannes RauJohannes RauJohannes Rau was a German politician of the SPD. He was President of Germany from 1 July 1999 until 30 June 2004, and Minister-President of North Rhine-Westphalia from 1978 to 1998.-Education and work:...
, Federal President of GermanyPresident of GermanyThe President of the Federal Republic of Germany is the country's head of state. His official title in German is Bundespräsident . Germany has a parliamentary system of government and so the position of President is largely ceremonial...
(1999–2004) - Chancellor - Gerhard SchröderGerhard SchröderGerhard Fritz Kurt Schröder is a German politician, and was Chancellor of Germany from 1998 to 2005. A member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany , he led a coalition government of the SPD and the Greens. Before becoming a full-time politician, he was a lawyer, and before becoming Chancellor...
, Federal Chancellor of Germany (1998–2005)
- President - Johannes Rau
- GreeceGreeceGreece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe....
- President - Konstantinos Stephanopoulos, President of Greece (1995–2005)
- Prime Minister - Costas SimitisCostas SimitisKonstantinos Simitis , usually referred to as Costas Simitis or Kostas Simitis, was Prime Minister of Greece and leader of the Panhellenic Socialist Movement from 1996 to 2004.- Biography :...
, Prime Minister of Greece (1996–2004)
- HungaryHungaryHungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
- President - Ferenc MádlFerenc MádlFerenc Mádl was the second President of the third Republic of Hungary, having served from 4 August 2000 to 5 August 2005.-University studies and scientific activities:...
, President of Hungary (2000–2005) - Prime Minister -
- Viktor OrbánViktor OrbánViktor Orbán is a Hungarian populist and conservative politician and current Prime Minister of Hungary...
, Prime Minister of Hungary (1998–2002) - Péter MedgyessyPéter MedgyessyPéter Medgyessy is a Hungarian politician and was the fifth Prime Minister of the Republic of Hungary from May 27, 2002 until September 29, 2004...
, Prime Minister of Hungary (2002–2004)
- Viktor Orbán
- President - Ferenc Mádl
- IcelandIcelandIceland , described as the Republic of Iceland, is a Nordic and European island country in the North Atlantic Ocean, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Iceland also refers to the main island of the country, which contains almost all the population and almost all the land area. The country has a population...
- President - Ólafur Ragnar GrímssonÓlafur Ragnar GrímssonÓlafur Ragnar Grímsson is the fifth and current President of Iceland. He has served as President since 1996; he was unopposed in 2000, re-elected for a third term in 2004, and re-elected unopposed for a fourth term in 2008. He is the longest-serving left-wing president in the history of...
, President of Iceland (1996–present) - Prime Minister - Davíð OddssonDavíð OddssonDavíð Oddsson is an Icelandic politician and the longest-serving Prime Minister of Iceland, holding office from 1991 to 2004. He also served as Foreign Minister from 2004 to 2005. Previously, he was Mayor of Reykjavík from 1982 to 1991, and he chaired the board of governors of the Central Bank of...
, Prime Minister of Iceland (1991–2004)
- President - Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson
- IrelandRepublic of IrelandIreland , described as the Republic of Ireland , is a sovereign state in Europe occupying approximately five-sixths of the island of the same name. Its capital is Dublin. Ireland, which had a population of 4.58 million in 2011, is a constitutional republic governed as a parliamentary democracy,...
- President - Mary McAleeseMary McAleeseMary Patricia McAleese served as the eighth President of Ireland from 1997 to 2011. She was the second female president and was first elected in 1997 succeeding Mary Robinson, making McAleese the world's first woman to succeed another as president. She was re-elected unopposed for a second term in...
, President of IrelandPresident of IrelandThe President of Ireland is the head of state of Ireland. The President is usually directly elected by the people for seven years, and can be elected for a maximum of two terms. The presidency is largely a ceremonial office, but the President does exercise certain limited powers with absolute...
(1997–2011) - Prime Minister - Bertie AhernBertie AhernPatrick Bartholomew "Bertie" Ahern is a former Irish politician who served as Taoiseach of Ireland from 26 June 1997 to 7 May 2008....
, Taoiseach of IrelandTaoiseachThe Taoiseach is the head of government or prime minister of Ireland. The Taoiseach is appointed by the President upon the nomination of Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Oireachtas , and must, in order to remain in office, retain the support of a majority in the Dáil.The current Taoiseach is...
(1997–2008)
- President - Mary McAleese
- ItalyItalyItaly , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
- President - Carlo Azeglio CiampiCarlo Azeglio Ciampidr. Carlo Azeglio Ciampi is an Italian politician and banker. He was the 73rd Prime Minister of Italy from 1993 to 1994 and was the tenth President of the Italian Republic from 1999 to 2006...
, President of Italy (1999–2006) - Prime Minister - Silvio BerlusconiSilvio BerlusconiSilvio Berlusconi , also known as Il Cavaliere – from knighthood to the Order of Merit for Labour which he received in 1977 – is an Italian politician and businessman who served three terms as Prime Minister of Italy, from 1994 to 1995, 2001 to 2006, and 2008 to 2011. Berlusconi is also the...
, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (2001–2006)
- President - Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
- LatviaLatviaLatvia , officially the Republic of Latvia , is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Estonia , to the south by Lithuania , to the east by the Russian Federation , to the southeast by Belarus and shares maritime borders to the west with Sweden...
- President - Vaira Vīķe-FreibergaVaira Vike-FreibergaVaira Vīķe-Freiberga was the sixth President of Latvia, the first female President of Latvia and the first female leader in eastern Europe. She was elected President of Latvia in 1999 and re-elected in 2003.Dr...
, President of Latvia (1999–2007) - Prime Minister -
- Andris Bērziņš, Prime Minister of LatviaPrime Minister of LatviaThe Prime Minister of Latvia is the most powerful member of the Government of the Republic of Latvia, and presides over the Latvian Cabinet of Ministers...
(2000–2002) - Einars Repše, Prime Minister of LatviaPrime Minister of LatviaThe Prime Minister of Latvia is the most powerful member of the Government of the Republic of Latvia, and presides over the Latvian Cabinet of Ministers...
(2002–2004)
- Andris Bērziņš, Prime Minister of Latvia
- President - Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga
- LiechtensteinLiechtensteinThe Principality of Liechtenstein is a doubly landlocked alpine country in Central Europe, bordered by Switzerland to the west and south and by Austria to the east. Its area is just over , and it has an estimated population of 35,000. Its capital is Vaduz. The biggest town is Schaan...
- Monarch - Hans Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1989–present)
- Prime Minister - Otmar HaslerOtmar HaslerOtmar Hasler was the Prime Minister of Liechtenstein from 5 April 2001 to 25 March 2009. He was educated at the University of Fribourg. He was appointed on 5 April 2001, replacing Mario Frick, and led a government of the Progressive Citizens' Party in Liechtenstein and the Patriotic Union...
, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (2001–2009)
- LithuaniaLithuaniaLithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the biggest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark...
- President - Valdas AdamkusValdas AdamkusValdas Adamkus was President of Lithuania from 1998 to 2003 and again from 2004 to 2009.In Lithuania, the President's tenure lasts for five years; Adamkus' first term in office began on February 26, 1998 and ended on February 28, 2003, following his defeat by Rolandas Paksas in the next...
, President of Lithuania (1998–2003) - Prime Minister - Algirdas BrazauskasAlgirdas BrazauskasAlgirdas Mykolas Brazauskas was the first President of a newly independent post-Soviet Union Lithuania from 1993 to 1998 and Prime Minister from 2001 to 2006....
, Prime Minister of LithuaniaPrime Minister of LithuaniaThe Prime Minister of Lithuania is the head of the executive arm of Lithuania's government, and is chosen by the Lithuanian parliament, the Seimas. The modern office of Prime Minister was established in 1990, although the official title was "Chairperson of the Council of Ministers" until 25...
(2001–2006)
- President - Valdas Adamkus
- LuxembourgLuxembourgLuxembourg , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. It has two principal regions: the Oesling in the North as part of the Ardennes massif, and the Gutland in the south...
- Monarch - Henri, Grand Duke of LuxembourgGrand Duke of LuxembourgThe Grand Duke of Luxembourg is the sovereign monarch and head of state of Luxembourg. Luxembourg has been a grand duchy since 15 March 1815, when it was elevated from a duchy when placed in personal union with the United Kingdom of the Netherlands...
(2000–present) - Prime Minister - Jean-Claude JunckerJean-Claude JunckerJean-Claude Juncker is a Luxembourg politician, 23rd and current Prime Minister of Luxembourg, since 20 January 1995. He is the longest standing head of government of any European Union state...
, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1995–present)
- Monarch - Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
- MacedoniaRepublic of MacedoniaMacedonia , officially the Republic of Macedonia , is a country located in the central Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. It is one of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, from which it declared independence in 1991...
-- President - Boris TrajkovskiBoris TrajkovskiTrajkovski died on 26 February 2004 in a plane crash en route to an economic conference in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aircraft crashed in thick fog and heavy rain on a mountainside in southeastern Herzegovina, near the villages of Huskovici and Rotimlja some eight miles south-south-east...
, President of MacedoniaPresident of the Republic of MacedoniaThe President of the Republic of Macedonia is the head of state of the Republic of Macedonia. The institution of the Presidency of the modern Republic of Macedonia began after the Macedonian declaration of independence on 8 September 1991. Its first president was Kiro Gligorov, the oldest president...
(1999–2004) - Prime Minister -
- Ljubčo Georgievski, Prime Minister of MacedoniaPrime Minister of the Republic of MacedoniaThe Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia is the head of government of the Republic of Macedonia. He or she is the leader of a political coalition in the Macedonian parliament and the leader of the cabinet...
(1998–2002) - Branko CrvenkovskiBranko CrvenkovskiBranko Crvenkovski leads the Republic of Macedonia's largest opposition party, the Social Democratic Union of Macedonia. He was Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia from 1992 to 1998 and again from 2002 to 2004, then President of the Republic of Macedonia from 2004 to 2009.Crvenkovski was...
, Prime Minister of MacedoniaPrime Minister of the Republic of MacedoniaThe Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia is the head of government of the Republic of Macedonia. He or she is the leader of a political coalition in the Macedonian parliament and the leader of the cabinet...
(2002–2004)
- Ljubčo Georgievski, Prime Minister of Macedonia
- President - Boris Trajkovski
- MaltaMaltaMalta , officially known as the Republic of Malta , is a Southern European country consisting of an archipelago situated in the centre of the Mediterranean, south of Sicily, east of Tunisia and north of Libya, with Gibraltar to the west and Alexandria to the east.Malta covers just over in...
- President - Guido de MarcoGuido de MarcoGuido de Marco was a Maltese politician, who served as the sixth President of Malta from 1999 to 2004. A noted statesman and lawmaker, de Marco also served as Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of the Interior, Justice, and Minister for Foreign Affairs.He is widely regarded as one of the great...
, President of MaltaPresident of MaltaThe President of Malta is the constitutional head of state of Malta.The President is appointed by a resolution of the House of Representatives of Malta for a five year term, taking an oath to "preserve, protect and defend" the Constitution....
(1999–2004) - Prime Minister - Eddie Fenech AdamiEddie Fenech AdamiEdward “Eddie” Fenech Adami is a Maltese politician who was Prime Minister of Malta from 1987 until 1996 and again from 1998 until 2004...
, Prime Minister of MaltaPrime Minister of MaltaThe Prime Minister of Malta is the Head of Government of Malta.-Establishment of the office and developments:The office of "Head of Ministry" was created as soon as Malta was granted autonomous government in 1921. The 1921 constitution was suspended twice before being revoked...
(1998–2004)
- President - Guido de Marco
- MoldovaMoldovaMoldova , officially the Republic of Moldova is a landlocked state in Eastern Europe, located between Romania to the West and Ukraine to the North, East and South. It declared itself an independent state with the same boundaries as the preceding Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1991, as part...
- President - Vladimir VoroninVladimir VoroninVladimir Nicolaevici Voronin is a Moldovan politician. He was the third President of Moldova from 2001 until 2009 and has been the First Secretary of the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova since 1994...
, President of MoldovaPresident of MoldovaThe President of the Republic of Moldova is the head of state of Moldova.-Description of the post:According to the Article 77 of the Constitution of Moldova , the President of Moldova is the head of the State and represents the State and is the guarantor of national sovereignty, independence, of...
(2001–2009) - Prime Minister - Vasile TarlevVasile TarlevVasile Petru Tarlev is a Moldovan politician, and was Prime Minister of Moldova from 2001 until 2008.- Biography :He studied engineering and became a member of assorted economic councils...
, Prime Minister of MoldovaPrime Minister of MoldovaThe Prime Minister of Moldova is Moldova's head of government. The prime minister is formally appointed by the President and exercises executive power along with the cabinet subject to parliamentary support.-Moldavian Democratic Republic :...
(2001–2008) - TransnistriaTransnistriaTransnistria is a breakaway territory located mostly on a strip of land between the Dniester River and the eastern Moldovan border to Ukraine...
(unrecognized secessionist state)- President - Igor SmirnovIgor SmirnovIgor Nikolaevich Smirnov , is the President of the internationally unrecognized Pridnestrovian Moldovan Republic, also known as Transnistria. He has held this post since 1990.- Childhood :...
, President of TransnistriaPresident of TransnistriaThe President of Transnistria is the highest elected official of Transnistria, a small unrecognized country which declared independence from Moldova in 1990. The president of the republic is the country's head of state and is commander in chief...
(1991–present)
- President - Igor Smirnov
- President - Vladimir Voronin
- MonacoMonacoMonaco , officially the Principality of Monaco , is a sovereign city state on the French Riviera. It is bordered on three sides by its neighbour, France, and its centre is about from Italy. Its area is with a population of 35,986 as of 2011 and is the most densely populated country in the...
- Monarch - Rainier IIIRainier III, Prince of MonacoRainier III, Prince of Monaco , styled His Serene Highness The Sovereign Prince of Monaco, ruled the Principality of Monaco for almost 56 years, making him one of the longest ruling monarchs of the 20th century.Though he was best known outside of Europe for having married American...
, Prince of MonacoPrince of MonacoThe Reigning Prince or Princess of Monaco is the sovereign monarch and head of state of the Principality of Monaco. All Princes or Princesses thus far have taken the name of the House of Grimaldi, but have belonged to various other houses in male line...
(1949–2005) - Minister of State - Patrick LeclercqPatrick LeclercqPatrick Leclercq was the Minister of State of Monaco. He was appointed on 5 January 2000, replacing Michel Lévêque. He had previously served as France's consul / ambassador to Spain, Egypt , Montreal , as well as in the Foreign Ministry.Patrick André Leclercq was born in Lille, attended the...
, Minister of State of Monaco (2000–2005)
- Monarch - Rainier III
- Kingdom of the NetherlandsKingdom of the NetherlandsThe Kingdom of the Netherlands is a sovereign state and constitutional monarchy with territory in Western Europe and in the Caribbean. The four parts of the Kingdom—Aruba, Curaçao, the Netherlands, and Sint Maarten—are referred to as "countries", and participate on a basis of equality...
- Monarch - BeatrixBeatrix of the NetherlandsBeatrix is the Queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands comprising the Netherlands, Curaçao, Sint Maarten, and Aruba. She is the first daughter of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands and Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld. She studied law at Leiden University...
, Queen of the Netherlands (1980–present) - NetherlandsNetherlandsThe Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
(constituent country)- Prime Minister -
- Wim KokWim KokWillem "Wim" Kok ; born September 29, 1938) is a retired Dutch politician of the Labour Party . He served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from August 22, 1994 until July 22, 2002....
, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1994–2002) - Jan Peter BalkenendeJan Peter BalkenendeJan Pieter "Jan Peter" Balkenende is a Dutch politician of the party Christian Democratic Appeal .He was the Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 22 July 2002 until 14 October 2010, having led four coalition governments, cabinets Balkenende I, II, III and IV, none of which served a full...
, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (2002–2010)
- Wim Kok
- Prime Minister -
- Netherlands AntillesNetherlands AntillesThe Netherlands Antilles , also referred to informally as the Dutch Antilles, was an autonomous Caribbean country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, consisting of two groups of islands in the Lesser Antilles: Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao , in Leeward Antilles just off the Venezuelan coast; and Sint...
(constituent country)- see under North America
- ArubaArubaAruba is a 33 km-long island of the Lesser Antilles in the southern Caribbean Sea, located 27 km north of the coast of Venezuela and 130 km east of Guajira Peninsula...
(constituent country)- see under North America
- Monarch - Beatrix
- NorwayNorwayNorway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...
- Monarch - Harald VHarald V of NorwayHarald V is the king of Norway. He succeeded to the throne of Norway upon the death of his father Olav V on 17 January 1991...
, King of Norway (1991–present) - Prime Minister - Kjell Magne BondevikKjell Magne BondevikKjell Magne Bondevik is a Norwegian Lutheran minister and politician . He served as Prime Minister of Norway from 1997 to 2000, and from 2001 to 2005, making him Norway's longest serving non-Labour Party Prime Minister since World War II...
, Prime Minister of Norway (2001–2005)
- Monarch - Harald V
- PolandPolandPoland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
- President - Aleksander KwaśniewskiAleksander KwasniewskiAleksander Kwaśniewski is a Polish politician who served as the President of Poland from 1995 to 2005. He was born in Białogard, and during communist rule he was active in the Socialist Union of Polish Students and was the Minister for Sport in the communist government in the 1980s...
, President of Poland (1995–2005) - Prime Minister - Leszek MillerLeszek MillerLeszek Cezary Miller is a Polish central-left-wing politician, leader of the Democratic Left Alliance , Prime Minister of the government of the Republic of Poland in 2001-2004.-Childhood and youth:...
, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland (2001–2004)
- President - Aleksander Kwaśniewski
- PortugalPortugalPortugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
- President - Jorge Sampaio, President of Portugal (1996–2006)
- Prime Minister -
- António GuterresAntónio GuterresAntónio Manuel de Oliveira Guterres, GCC is a Portuguese politician, a former prime minister and President of the Socialist International. Currently he is the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.-Early life:...
, Prime Minister of Portugal (1995–2002) - José Manuel Barroso, Prime Minister of Portugal (2002–2004)
- António Guterres
- RomaniaRomaniaRomania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
- President - Ion IliescuIon IliescuIon Iliescu served as President of Romania from 1990 until 1996, and from 2000 until 2004. From 1996 to 2000 and from 2004 until his retirement in 2008, Iliescu was a Senator for the Social Democratic Party , whose honorary president he remains....
, President of Romania (2000–2004) - Prime Minister - Adrian NăstaseAdrian NastaseAdrian Năstase is a Romanian politician who was the Prime Minister of Romania from December 2000 to December 2004.He competed as the Social Democratic Party candidate in the 2004 presidential election, but was defeated by centre-right Justice and Truth Alliance candidate Traian Băsescu.He was...
, Prime Minister of Romania (2000–2004)
- President - Ion Iliescu
- RussiaRussiaRussia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
- President - Vladimir PutinVladimir PutinVladimir Vladimirovich Putin served as the second President of the Russian Federation and is the current Prime Minister of Russia, as well as chairman of United Russia and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Union of Russia and Belarus. He became acting President on 31 December 1999, when...
, President of Russia (1999–2008) - Prime Minister - Mikhail KasyanovMikhail KasyanovMikhail Mikhailovich Kasyanov - was the Prime Minister of Russia from May 2000 to February 2004.He is the leader of the People's Democratic Union and an ex-member of the opposition coalition "The Other Russia".-Political career:...
, Chairman of the Government of RussiaPrime Minister of RussiaThe Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation The use of the term "Prime Minister" is strictly informal and is not allowed for by the Russian Constitution and other laws....
(2000–2004)
- President - Vladimir Putin
- San MarinoSan MarinoSan Marino, officially the Republic of San Marino , is a state situated on the Italian Peninsula on the eastern side of the Apennine Mountains. It is an enclave surrounded by Italy. Its size is just over with an estimated population of over 30,000. Its capital is the City of San Marino...
- Captains Regent -
- Alberto Cecchetti and Gino Giovagnoli, Captains-Regent of San Marino (October 2001 - March 2002)
- Antonio Lazzaro Volpinari and Giovanni Francesco UgoliniGiovanni Francesco UgoliniGiovanni Francesco Ugolini was a Captain Regent of San Marino together with Andrea Zafferani for the semester from 1 October 2010 to 1 April 2011. He was previously Captain Regent from 1 April to 1 October 2002.-References:...
, Captains-Regent of San Marino (April - September 2002) - Mauro Chiaruzzi and Giuseppe Maria Morganti, Captains-Regent of San Marino (October 2002 - March 2003)
- Captains Regent -
- SlovakiaSlovakiaThe Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...
- President - Rudolf SchusterRudolf SchusterRudolf Schuster was the second President of Slovakia . He was elected on 29 May 1999 and inaugurated on 15 June. Schuster was defeated in the presidential elections of April 2004, in which he ran as an independent...
, President of Slovakia (1999–2004) - Prime Minister - Mikuláš DzurindaMikuláš DzurindaMikuláš Dzurinda is a Slovak politician who was Prime Minister of Slovakia from 30 October 1998 to 4 July 2006. He was a founder and leader of the Slovak Democratic Coalition and the Slovak Democratic and Christian Union...
, Prime Minister of Slovakia (1998–2006)
- President - Rudolf Schuster
- SloveniaSloveniaSlovenia , officially the Republic of Slovenia , is a country in Central and Southeastern Europe touching the Alps and bordering the Mediterranean. Slovenia borders Italy to the west, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north, and also has a small portion of...
- President -
- Milan KučanMilan KucanMilan Kučan is a Slovenian politician and statesman. He was the first President of Slovenia.-Early life and political beginnings:...
, President of Slovenia (1990–2002) - Janez DrnovšekJanez DrnovšekJanez Drnovšek was a Slovenian liberal politician, President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia , Prime Minister of Slovenia and President of Slovenia . He was born in Celje, Slovenia, then the Socialist Republic of Slovenia...
, President of Slovenia (2002–2007)
- Milan Kučan
- Prime Minister -
- Janez DrnovšekJanez DrnovšekJanez Drnovšek was a Slovenian liberal politician, President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia , Prime Minister of Slovenia and President of Slovenia . He was born in Celje, Slovenia, then the Socialist Republic of Slovenia...
, Prime Minister of SloveniaPrime Minister of SloveniaThere have been six Prime Ministers of Slovenia since that country gained its independence in the breakup of Yugoslavia. Unlike the President of Slovenia, who is directly elected, the Prime Minister is appointed by the National Assembly, and must control a majority there in order to...
(2000–2002) - Anton RopAnton RopAnton Rop is a Slovenian politician. He is currently a member of the National Assembly of Slovenia. He was the fourth Prime Minister of Slovenia, from 2002 to 2004. Until 2005 he was also the president of the Liberal Democratic Party , the legal successor of the Slovenian Association of Socialist...
, Prime Minister of SloveniaPrime Minister of SloveniaThere have been six Prime Ministers of Slovenia since that country gained its independence in the breakup of Yugoslavia. Unlike the President of Slovenia, who is directly elected, the Prime Minister is appointed by the National Assembly, and must control a majority there in order to...
(2002–2004)
- Janez Drnovšek
- President -
- SpainSpainSpain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
- Monarch - Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975–present)
- Prime Minister - José María AznarJosé María AznarJosé María Alfredo Aznar López served as the Prime Minister of Spain from 1996 to 2004. He is on the board of directors of News Corporation.-Early life:...
, President of the Government of SpainPrime Minister of SpainThe President of the Government of Spain , sometimes known in English as the Prime Minister of Spain, is the head of Government of Spain. The current office is established under the Constitution of 1978...
(1996–2004)
- SwedenSwedenSweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
- Monarch - Carl XVI GustafCarl XVI Gustaf of SwedenCarl XVI Gustaf is the reigning King of Sweden since 15 September 1973, succeeding his grandfather King Gustaf VI Adolf because his father had predeceased him...
, King of Sweden (1973–present) - Prime Minister - Göran PerssonGöran PerssonHans Göran Persson was the Prime Minister of Sweden from 1996 to 2006 and the leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party from 1996 to 2007. Conceding defeat in the September 2006 general election, he announced that he would resign as party leader, and Mona Sahlin was elected to succeed him as...
, Prime Minister of SwedenPrime Minister of SwedenThe Prime Minister is the head of government in the Kingdom of Sweden. Before the creation of the office of a Prime Minister in 1876, Sweden did not have a head of government separate from its head of state, namely the King, in whom the executive authority was vested...
(1996–2006)
- Monarch - Carl XVI Gustaf
- SwitzerlandSwitzerlandSwitzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
- Swiss Federal CouncilSwiss Federal CouncilThe Federal Council is the seven-member executive council which constitutes the federal government of Switzerland and serves as the Swiss collective head of state....
-- Kaspar VilligerKaspar VilligerKaspar Villiger is a Swiss businessman, politician and former member of the Swiss Federal Council . He currently heads Swiss bank UBS.-Political career:On February 1, 1989, he was elected to the Swiss Federal Council...
(1989–2003, President), Ruth DreifussRuth DreifussRuth Dreifuss is a Swiss politician affiliated with the Social Democratic Party. She was a member of the Swiss Federal Council from 1993 to 2002, representing the Canton of Geneva)....
(1993–2002), Moritz LeuenbergerMoritz LeuenbergerMoritz Leuenberger is a Swiss politician, lawyer, was a member of the Swiss Federal Council from 1995 to 2010 and President of the Confederation in 2001 and in 2006....
(1995–2010), Pascal CouchepinPascal CouchepinPascal Couchepin is a Swiss politician, former member of the Swiss Federal Council and President of the Confederation in 2003 and 2008...
(1998–2009), Ruth MetzlerRuth MetzlerRuth Metzler-Arnold is a Swiss politician and former member of the Swiss Federal Council .She was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 11 March 1999, as a member of the Christian Democratic People's Party from the Canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden. During her time in office she has headed the...
(1999–2003), Joseph DeissJoseph DeissJoseph Deiss is an economist, Swiss politician and a member of the Christian Democratic People's Party . From 1999 to 2006, he was a member of the Swiss Federal Council, heading first the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs and then the Federal Department of Economic Affairs...
(1999–2006), Samuel SchmidSamuel SchmidSamuel Schmid is a Swiss politician who was a member of the Swiss Federal Council from 2000 to 2008. He was the head of the Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports .He was elected to the Federal Council on 6 December 2000...
(2000–2008), Micheline Calmy-ReyMicheline Calmy-ReyMicheline Anne-Marie Calmy-Rey is the President of the Confederation in Switzerland, head of government. She is also Switzerland's foreign minister as head of the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs. She has been a member of the Swiss Federal Council since 2003, and was President of the...
(2002–present)
- Kaspar Villiger
- Swiss Federal Council
- UkraineUkraineUkraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
- President - Leonid KuchmaLeonid KuchmaLeonid Danylovych Kuchma was the second President of independent Ukraine from 19 July 1994, to 23 January 2005. Kuchma took office after winning the 1994 presidential election against his rival, incumbent Leonid Kravchuk...
, President of UkrainePresident of UkrainePrior to the formation of the modern Ukrainian presidency, the previous Ukrainian head of state office was officially established in exile by Andriy Livytskyi. At first the de facto leader of nation was the president of the Central Rada at early years of the Ukrainian People's Republic, while the...
(1994–2005) - Prime Minister -
- Anatoliy KinakhAnatoliy KinakhAnatoliy Kyrylovych Kinakh is a Ukrainian politician and honorary professor at the Mykolaiv Government Humanitarian University. Kinakh is a People's Deputy of Ukraine in the 6th convocation of the Verkhovna Rada, the Ukrainian parliament...
, Prime Minister of UkrainePrime Minister of UkraineThe Prime Minister of Ukraine is Ukraine's head of government presiding over the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, which is the highest body of the executive branch of the Ukrainian government....
(2001–2002) - Viktor YanukovychViktor YanukovychViktor Fedorovych Yanukovych is a Ukrainian politician who has been the President of Ukraine since February 2010.Yanukovych served as the Governor of Donetsk Oblast from 1997 to 2002...
, Prime Minister of UkrainePrime Minister of UkraineThe Prime Minister of Ukraine is Ukraine's head of government presiding over the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, which is the highest body of the executive branch of the Ukrainian government....
(2002–2005)
- Anatoliy Kinakh
- President - Leonid Kuchma
- United KingdomUnited KingdomThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
- Monarch - Elizabeth IIElizabeth II of the United KingdomElizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present) - Prime Minister - Tony BlairTony BlairAnthony Charles Lynton Blair is a former British Labour Party politician who served as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2 May 1997 to 27 June 2007. He was the Member of Parliament for Sedgefield from 1983 to 2007 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1994 to 2007...
, Prime Minister of the United KingdomPrime Minister of the United KingdomThe Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the Head of Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Sovereign, to Parliament, to their political party and...
(1997–2007) - GuernseyGuernseyGuernsey, officially the Bailiwick of Guernsey is a British Crown dependency in the English Channel off the coast of Normandy.The Bailiwick, as a governing entity, embraces not only all 10 parishes on the Island of Guernsey, but also the islands of Herm, Jethou, Burhou, and Lihou and their islet...
(British Crown dependencyCrown dependencyThe Crown Dependencies are British possessions of the Crown, as opposed to overseas territories of the United Kingdom. They comprise the Channel Island Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel, and the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea....
)- Lieutenant-Governor - Sir John Paul FoleyJohn Paul FoleyLieutenant General Sir John Paul Foley KCB, OBE, MC, DL is a retired British general with a long career in military intelligence. He is the great-grandson of Henry Hodgetts-Foley.-Military career:...
, Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (2000–2005) - Bailiff - Sir de Vic Carey, Bailiff of Guernsey (1999–2005)
- Lieutenant-Governor - Sir John Paul Foley
- JerseyJerseyJersey, officially the Bailiwick of Jersey is a British Crown Dependency off the coast of Normandy, France. As well as the island of Jersey itself, the bailiwick includes two groups of small islands that are no longer permanently inhabited, the Minquiers and Écréhous, and the Pierres de Lecq and...
(British Crown dependencyCrown dependencyThe Crown Dependencies are British possessions of the Crown, as opposed to overseas territories of the United Kingdom. They comprise the Channel Island Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel, and the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea....
)- Lieutenant-Governor - Sir John CheshireJohn CheshireAir Chief Marshal Sir John Anthony Cheshire KBE CB KStJ is a retired senior Royal Air Force commander.-RAF career:Born the son of Air Chief Marshal Sir Walter Cheshire and educated at Ipswich School and Worksop College, Cheshire joined the Royal Air Force as a cadet at the RAF College Cranwell in...
, Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey (2001–2006) - Bailiff - Sir Philip BailhachePhilip BailhacheSir Philip Martin Bailhache KBE is a Jersey politician and lawyer. He was elected as a Senator in the States of Jersey in October 2011. He previously held elected office as Deputy of Grouville 1972-1975...
, Bailiff of Jersey (1995–2009)
- Lieutenant-Governor - Sir John Cheshire
- Isle of ManIsle of ManThe Isle of Man , otherwise known simply as Mann , is a self-governing British Crown Dependency, located in the Irish Sea between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland, within the British Isles. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who holds the title of Lord of Mann. The Lord of Mann is...
(British Crown dependencyCrown dependencyThe Crown Dependencies are British possessions of the Crown, as opposed to overseas territories of the United Kingdom. They comprise the Channel Island Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel, and the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea....
)- Lieutenant-Governor - Ian MacfadyenIan MacfadyenAir Marshal Ian David Macfadyen, CB, OBE, RAF , is a British retired Air Marshal who was the Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man until 14 October 2005...
, Lieutenant-Governor of Man (2000–2005) - Chief minister - Richard CorkillRichard CorkillRichard Kenneth Corkill was the Chief Minister of the Isle of Man, December 2001 to December 2004. He was born in Douglas, Isle of Man. He was elected by Tynwald with 21 votes, defeating Edgar Quine, who received 10 votes....
, Chief Minister of the Isle of ManChief Minister of the Isle of ManThe Chief Minister is the executive head of the Isle of Man Government.The office derives from that of Chairman of the Executive Council. Before 1980 the Executive Council was chaired by the Lieutenant Governor, but thereafter the chairman was elected by Tynwald, the parliament of the Isle of Man...
(2001–2004)
- Lieutenant-Governor - Ian Macfadyen
- GibraltarGibraltarGibraltar is a British overseas territory located on the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula at the entrance of the Mediterranean. A peninsula with an area of , it has a northern border with Andalusia, Spain. The Rock of Gibraltar is the major landmark of the region...
(British overseas territory)- Governor - Sir David DurieDavid DurieSir David Robert Campbell Durie KCMG is a retired British civil servant, whose last major public appointment was as Governor of Gibraltar.-Career:...
, Governor of GibraltarGovernor of GibraltarThe Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Gibraltar is the representative of the British monarch in the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. The Governor is appointed by the British Monarch on the advice of the British Government...
(2000–2003) - Chief Minister - Peter CaruanaPeter CaruanaPeter Richard Caruana, QC is a Gibraltarian politician, and has been Chief Minister of Gibraltar since 1996, when his party, the Gibraltar Social Democrats , first came to power. His party was re-elected to office in 2000, 2003 and 2007...
, Chief Minister of GibraltarChief Minister of GibraltarThe Chief Minister of Gibraltar is the leader of the largest party elected to the Gibraltar Parliament, and is formally appointed by the Governor of Gibraltar, representative of the British Crown.-List of Chief Ministers:...
(1996–present)
- Governor - Sir David Durie
- Monarch - Elizabeth II
- Vatican CityVatican CityVatican City , or Vatican City State, in Italian officially Stato della Città del Vaticano , which translates literally as State of the City of the Vatican, is a landlocked sovereign city-state whose territory consists of a walled enclave within the city of Rome, Italy. It has an area of...
- Monarch - Pope John Paul IIPope John Paul IIBlessed Pope John Paul II , born Karol Józef Wojtyła , reigned as Pope of the Catholic Church and Sovereign of Vatican City from 16 October 1978 until his death on 2 April 2005, at of age. His was the second-longest documented pontificate, which lasted ; only Pope Pius IX ...
, Sovereign of Vatican City (1978–2005) - President of the Governorate - Edmund Szoka, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1997–2006)
- Holy SeeHoly SeeThe Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, in which its Bishop is commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent episcopal see of the Catholic Church, forming the central government of the Church. As such, diplomatically, and in other spheres the Holy See acts and...
- Secretary of State - Angelo SodanoAngelo SodanoAngelo Sodano is an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He is the current Dean of the College of Cardinals and former Vatican Secretary of State, having held that post from 1990 to 2006, under both popes John Paul II and Benedict XVI...
, Cardinal Secretary of State of the Holy SeeCardinal Secretary of StateThe Cardinal Secretary of State—officially Secretary of State of His Holiness The Pope—presides over the Holy See, usually known as the "Vatican", Secretariat of State, which is the oldest and most important dicastery of the Roman Curia...
(1990–2006)
- Secretary of State - Angelo Sodano
- Monarch - Pope John Paul II
- Yugoslavia
- President - Vojislav KoštunicaVojislav KoštunicaVojislav Koštunica is a Serbian politician, statesman and the president of the Democratic Party of Serbia. He was the last President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, succeeding Slobodan Milošević and serving from 2000 to 2003...
, President of YugoslaviaPresident of Serbia and MontenegroThe President of Serbia and Montenegro was the head of state of Serbia and Montenegro. From its establishment in 1992 until 2003, when the country was reconstituted as a conferederacy via constitutional reform, the head of state was known as the President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia...
(2000–2003) - Prime Minister - Dragiša PešićDragiša PešicDragiša Pešić is a politician from Montenegro who was the last Prime Minister of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia before it was officially transformed into the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro in February 2003.He studied economic sciences at University of Sarajevo's...
, Prime Minister of YugoslaviaPrime Minister of Serbia and MontenegroThe Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro was the head of government of Serbia and Montenegro from its establishment in 1992 up until the state's dissolution in 2006...
(2001–2003) - KosovoKosovoKosovo is a region in southeastern Europe. Part of the Ottoman Empire for more than five centuries, later the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija within Serbia...
(Self-Governing Entity under UN administration)- President - Ibrahim RugovaIbrahim RugovaIbrahim Rugova was an Albanian politician who was the first President of Kosovo and of its leading political party, the Democratic League of Kosovo ....
, President of KosovoPresident of KosovoThe President of the Republic of Kosovo is Head of State of the disputed Republic of Kosovo. The President of Kosovo is elected by the Assembly of Kosovo. The first post-war president, who served until his death in January 2006, was Ibrahim Rugova. His successor was Fatmir Sejdiu. When Sejdiu...
(2002–2006) - Prime Minister - Bajram RexhepiBajram RexhepiBajram Rexhepi is a politician. He is currently Interior Minister of the Republic of Kosovo and a member of the Kosovo Assembly. He was also the first elected post-war Prime Minister of Kosovo...
, Prime Minister of KosovoPrime Minister of KosovoThe Prime Minister of Kosovo is Head of Government of the disputed Republic of Kosovo .The Prime Minister and the Government of Kosovo, which he or she heads, are responsible for their actions to the Assembly of Kosovo, of which they must all be members...
(2002–2004) - UN Special Representative -
- Charles H. Brayshaw, Acting Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for KosovoSpecial Representative of the Secretary-General for KosovoThe Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Kosovo is an appointed by the Secretary-General to lead the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo...
(2002) - Michael SteinerMichael SteinerMichael Steiner , a national of Germany, was head of the United Nations Mission in Kosovo . He studied law in Paris and Munich from 1971 to 1977 and qualified as a judge in 1981. Later that year, he entered the German Foreign Office...
, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for KosovoSpecial Representative of the Secretary-General for KosovoThe Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Kosovo is an appointed by the Secretary-General to lead the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo...
(2002–2003)
- Charles H. Brayshaw, Acting Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Kosovo
- President - Ibrahim Rugova
- President - Vojislav Koštunica
North America
- AnguillaAnguillaAnguilla is a British overseas territory and overseas territory of the European Union in the Caribbean. It is one of the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles, lying east of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands and directly north of Saint Martin...
(British overseas territory)- Governor - Peter JohnstonePeter JohnstonePeter Johnstone was the governor of Anguilla from 4 February 2000 until 29 April 2004.-External links:*...
, Governor of AnguillaGovernor of AnguillaThe Governor of Anguilla is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Anguilla. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
(2000–2004) - Chief Minister - Osbourne FlemingOsbourne FlemingOsbourne Berrington Fleming is a politician and the chief minister of Anguilla. He held that post from March 6, 2000, three days after the Anguilla United Front, a conservative coalition which included Fleming's Anguilla National Alliance won parliamentary elections, gaining at least 4 of the 7...
, Chief Minister of AnguillaChief Minister of Anguilla-List of Chief Ministers of Anguilla:...
(2000–2010)
- Governor - Peter Johnstone
- Antigua and BarbudaAntigua and BarbudaAntigua and Barbuda is a twin-island nation lying between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. It consists of two major inhabited islands, Antigua and Barbuda, and a number of smaller islands...
-- Monarch - Elizabeth IIElizabeth II of the United KingdomElizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
, Queen of Antigua and BarbudaMonarch of Antigua and BarbudaAntigua and Barbuda is a constitutional monarchy and a Commonwealth realm, with Queen Elizabeth II as its reigning monarch since November 1, 1981...
(1981–present) - Governor-General - Sir James CarlisleJames CarlisleSir James Beethoven Carlisle, GCMG is the former Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda. Selected by Prime Minister, Vere Cornwall Bird on June 10, 1993 and appointed by the Queen of Antigua his term was terminated on June 30, 2007 - a period of 14 years...
, Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (1993–2007) - Prime Minister - Lester BirdLester BirdLester Bryant Bird was the second Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda from 1994 to 2004 and a well-known athlete. He was chairman of the Antigua Labour Party from 1971 to 1993, then became Prime Minister when his father, Vere Bird, the previous Prime Minister, resigned.Bird was born on February...
, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (1994–2004)
- Monarch - Elizabeth II
- ArubaArubaAruba is a 33 km-long island of the Lesser Antilles in the southern Caribbean Sea, located 27 km north of the coast of Venezuela and 130 km east of Guajira Peninsula...
(constituent countryConstituent countryConstituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity. The term constituent country does not have any defined legal meaning, and is used simply to refer to a country which is a part Constituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts...
of the Kingdom of the NetherlandsKingdom of the NetherlandsThe Kingdom of the Netherlands is a sovereign state and constitutional monarchy with territory in Western Europe and in the Caribbean. The four parts of the Kingdom—Aruba, Curaçao, the Netherlands, and Sint Maarten—are referred to as "countries", and participate on a basis of equality...
)- Governor - Olindo KoolmanOlindo KoolmanOlindo Koolman was the second Governor of Aruba and served two terms of six years as governor from 12 March 1992 until 11 May 2004.-References:...
, Governor of ArubaGovernor of ArubaThe Governor of Aruba is the representative on Aruba of the Dutch head of state . The governors duties are twofold: he represents and guards the general interests of the Kingdom and is head of the Aruban Government. He is accountable to the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. As the head...
(1992–2004) - Prime Minister - Nelson Oduber, Prime Minister of ArubaPrime Minister of ArubaThe Prime Minister of Aruba is Aruba's head of government. Together with Aruba's Council of Ministers, they form the executive branch of Aruban government.-List of Prime Ministers of Aruba:...
(2001–2009)
- Governor - Olindo Koolman
- The BahamasThe BahamasThe Bahamas , officially the Commonwealth of the Bahamas, is a nation consisting of 29 islands, 661 cays, and 2,387 islets . It is located in the Atlantic Ocean north of Cuba and Hispaniola , northwest of the Turks and Caicos Islands, and southeast of the United States...
-- Monarch - Elizabeth IIElizabeth II of the United KingdomElizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
, Queen of the Bahamas (1973–present) - Governor-General - Dame Ivy DumontIvy DumontDame Ivy Leona Dumont, DCMG was the sixth Governor-General of the Bahamas. She was a Bahamian hero.She was the first woman in the Bahamas to hold this office, from January 1, 2002 until November 30, 2005. She previously served as Education Minister from 1995 to 2001.-External links:*...
, Governor-General of the Bahamas (2001–2005) - Prime Minister -
- Hubert IngrahamHubert IngrahamHubert Alexander Ingraham is the Prime Minister of the Bahamas. He first served as Prime Minister from August 1992 until May 2002 and became Prime Minister again in 2007. He is a member of the Free National Movement Party . The Rt. Hon. Hubert A...
, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (1992–2002) - Perry ChristiePerry ChristiePerry Gladstone Christie is a Bahamian politician who served as the third Prime Minister of the Bahamas from 2002 to 2007...
, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (2002–2007)
- Hubert Ingraham
- Monarch - Elizabeth II
- BarbadosBarbadosBarbados is an island country in the Lesser Antilles. It is in length and as much as in width, amounting to . It is situated in the western area of the North Atlantic and 100 kilometres east of the Windward Islands and the Caribbean Sea; therein, it is about east of the islands of Saint...
-- Monarch - Elizabeth IIElizabeth II of the United KingdomElizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
, Queen of Barbados (1966–present) - Governor-General - Sir Clifford HusbandsClifford HusbandsSir Clifford Straughn Husbands, GCMG, KA, QC was the Governor-General of Barbados. He held this office from 1996, when he was appointed after the death of Dame Nita Barrow, until he retired on 31 October 2011.-External links:*...
, Governor-General of Barbados (1996–2011) - Prime Minister - Owen ArthurOwen ArthurOwen Seymour Arthur, MP was the fifth Prime Minister of Barbados who was in office from 1994 to 2008 and is the current Leader of Opposition in Barbados. To date, he is the longest serving Barbadian Prime Minister....
, Prime Minister of Barbados (1994–2008)
- Monarch - Elizabeth II
- BelizeBelizeBelize is a constitutional monarchy and the northernmost country in Central America. Belize has a diverse society, comprising many cultures and languages. Even though Kriol and Spanish are spoken among the population, Belize is the only country in Central America where English is the official...
-- Monarch - Elizabeth IIElizabeth II of the United KingdomElizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
, Queen of Belize (1981–present) - Governor-General - Sir Colville YoungColville YoungSir Colville Norbert Young, GCMG, MBE is the Governor General of Belize, and also patron of the Scout Association of Belize. He was appointed Governor-General in 1993, taking office on 17 November of that year, and was knighted in 1994....
, Governor-General of Belize (1993–present) - Prime Minister - Said MusaSaid MusaSaid Wilbert Musa is a Belizean lawyer and politician. He was the Prime Minister of Belize from August 28, 1998 to February 8, 2008.-Early life and education:Said Musa was born in San Ignacio, Cayo District, Belize...
, Prime Minister of Belize (1998–2008)
- Monarch - Elizabeth II
- BermudaBermudaBermuda is a British overseas territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. Located off the east coast of the United States, its nearest landmass is Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, about to the west-northwest. It is about south of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, and northeast of Miami, Florida...
(British overseas territory)- Governor -
- Thorold Masefield, Governor of BermudaGovernor of BermudaThe Governor of Bermuda is the representative of the British monarch in the British overseas territory of Bermuda. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
(1997–2002) - Sir John VerekerJohn Vereker (governor)Sir John Michael Medlicott Vereker, KCB, KStJ, FRSA, CInstM is an independent member of the Board of XL Group plc, and of a number of its subsidiaries and Committees; and an independent Director of MWH Global...
, Governor of BermudaGovernor of BermudaThe Governor of Bermuda is the representative of the British monarch in the British overseas territory of Bermuda. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
(2002–2007)
- Thorold Masefield, Governor of Bermuda
- Premier - Jennifer M. SmithJennifer M. SmithDame Jennifer Meredith Smith, DBE, JP, DHumL, MP was the premier of Bermuda from 1998 until 2003, the first premier who was not a member of the United Bermuda Party...
, Premier of Bermuda (1998–2003)
- Governor -
- British Virgin IslandsBritish Virgin IslandsThe Virgin Islands, often called the British Virgin Islands , is a British overseas territory and overseas territory of the European Union, located in the Caribbean to the east of Puerto Rico. The islands make up part of the Virgin Islands archipelago, the remaining islands constituting the U.S...
(British overseas territory)- Governor -
- Frank Savage, Governor of the British Virgin IslandsGovernor of the British Virgin IslandsThe Governor of the British Virgin Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of British Virgin Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
(1998–2002) - Elton Georges, Acting Governor of the British Virgin IslandsGovernor of the British Virgin IslandsThe Governor of the British Virgin Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of British Virgin Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
(2002) - Tom MacanTom MacanThomas Townley Macan was educated at Shrewsbury School and the University of Sussex, where he was President of the Student Union. He was Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the British Virgin Islands, an overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the Caribbean Sea, from 14 October 2002 to 10...
, Governor of the British Virgin IslandsGovernor of the British Virgin IslandsThe Governor of the British Virgin Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of British Virgin Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
(2002–2006)
- Frank Savage, Governor of the British Virgin Islands
- Chief Minister - Ralph T. O'NealRalph T. O'NealRalph Telford O'Neal, OBE is the former Premier of the British Virgin Islands, and is expected to be appointed as the leader of the opposition...
, Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands (1995–2003)
- Governor -
- CanadaCanadaCanada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
- Monarch - Elizabeth IIElizabeth II of the United KingdomElizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
, Queen of CanadaMonarchy in CanadaThe monarchy of Canada is the core of both Canada's federalism and its Westminster-style parliamentary democracy, being the foundation of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the Canadian government and each provincial government...
(1952–present) - Governor General - Adrienne ClarksonAdrienne ClarksonAdrienne Louise Clarkson is a Canadian journalist and stateswoman who served as Governor General of Canada, the 26th since Canadian Confederation....
, Governor General of Canada (1999–2005) - Prime Minister - Jean ChrétienJean ChrétienJoseph Jacques Jean Chrétien , known commonly as Jean Chrétien is a former Canadian politician who was the 20th Prime Minister of Canada. He served in the position for over ten years, from November 4, 1993 to December 12, 2003....
, Prime Minister of Canada (1993–2003)
- Monarch - Elizabeth II
- Cayman IslandsCayman IslandsThe Cayman Islands is a British Overseas Territory and overseas territory of the European Union located in the western Caribbean Sea. The territory comprises the three islands of Grand Cayman, Cayman Brac, and Little Cayman, located south of Cuba and northwest of Jamaica...
(British overseas territory)- Governor -
- Peter SmithPeter Smith (diplomat)Peter Smith, CBE is a retired British diplomat who was the British Ambassador to Madagascar, the British High Commissioner to Lesotho and in his final position was Governor of the Cayman Islands. He held this position from May 1999 until retirement in May 2002.-References:...
, Governor of the Cayman IslandsGovernor of the Cayman IslandsThe Governor of the Cayman Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of the Cayman Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
(1999–2002) - James Ryan, Acting Governor of the Cayman IslandsGovernor of the Cayman IslandsThe Governor of the Cayman Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of the Cayman Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
(2002) - Bruce DinwiddyBruce DinwiddyBruce Harry Dinwiddy, CMG was the governor of the Cayman Islands from May 2002 to October 2005. He has been working for the Foreign and Commonwealth Office since 1973. Before becoming a colonial administrator, he was posted to many countries around the world, and also spent time working in England...
, Governor of the Cayman IslandsGovernor of the Cayman IslandsThe Governor of the Cayman Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of the Cayman Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
(2002–2005)
- Peter Smith
- Head of Government - McKeeva BushMcKeeva BushWilliam McKeeva Bush, OBE , is a Caymanian politician and the current Premier of the Cayman Islands. He also serves as leader of the United Democratic Party and the first elected member for West Bay...
, Leader of Government Business of the Cayman IslandsLeader of Government BusinessThe Premier of the Cayman Islands is the political leader and head of government. The post of Premier in the Cayman Islands is the equivalent to Chief Minister or Prime Minister in other British Overseas Territories. It is the highest political level that can be attained within the British colonial...
(2001–2005)
- Governor -
- Costa RicaCosta RicaCosta Rica , officially the Republic of Costa Rica is a multilingual, multiethnic and multicultural country in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Caribbean Sea to the east....
-- President -
- Miguel Ángel RodríguezMiguel Ángel RodríguezMiguel Ángel Rodríguez Echeverría is a Costa Rican economist, lawyer, businessman, and politician. He served as President of Costa Rica from 1998 to 2002 and was briefly Secretary General of the Organization of American States in 2004, before stepping down and returning to his country to face...
, President of Costa Rica (1998–2002) - Abel PachecoAbel PachecoAbel Pacheco de la Espriella was president of Costa Rica between 2002 and 2006, representing the Social Christian Unity Party ...
, President of Costa Rica (2002–2006)
- Miguel Ángel Rodríguez
- President -
- CubaCubaThe Republic of Cuba is an island nation in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos. Havana is the largest city in Cuba and the country's capital. Santiago de Cuba is the second largest city...
- Communist Party Leader - Fidel CastroFidel CastroFidel Alejandro Castro Ruz is a Cuban revolutionary and politician, having held the position of Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and then President from 1976 to 2008. He also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from the party's foundation in 1961 until 2011...
, First secretary of the Communist Party of CubaCommunist Party of CubaThe Communist Party of Cuba is the governing political party in Cuba. It is a communist party of the Marxist-Leninist model. The Cuban constitution ascribes the role of the Party to be the "leading force of society and of the state"...
(1965–2011) - President - Fidel CastroFidel CastroFidel Alejandro Castro Ruz is a Cuban revolutionary and politician, having held the position of Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and then President from 1976 to 2008. He also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from the party's foundation in 1961 until 2011...
, President of the Council of State of CubaPresident of Cuba--209.174.31.28 18:43, 22 November 2011 The President of Cuba is the Head of state of Cuba. According to the Cuban Constitution of 1976, the President is the chief executive of the Council of State of Cuba...
(1976–2008) - Premier - Fidel CastroFidel CastroFidel Alejandro Castro Ruz is a Cuban revolutionary and politician, having held the position of Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and then President from 1976 to 2008. He also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from the party's foundation in 1961 until 2011...
, President of the Council of Ministers of CubaPrime Minister of CubaPrime Minister of Cuba was a position in the government of Cuba. Fidel Castro assumed the position of Prime Minister in 1959 replacing José Miró Cardona....
(1959–2008)
- Communist Party Leader - Fidel Castro
- DominicaDominicaDominica , officially the Commonwealth of Dominica, is an island nation in the Lesser Antilles region of the Caribbean Sea, south-southeast of Guadeloupe and northwest of Martinique. Its size is and the highest point in the country is Morne Diablotins, which has an elevation of . The Commonwealth...
-- President - Vernon ShawVernon ShawVernon Lorden Shaw was the fifth President of Dominica. He is an alumnus of the Dominica Grammar School and Trinity College, Oxford. He was a career civil servant, rising to the post of Cabinet Secretary in 1977, and retiring in 1990. He was elected to a five-year term by the House of Assembly on...
, President of Dominica (1998–2003) - Prime Minister - Pierre CharlesPierre CharlesPierre Charles was Prime Minister of Dominica from 2000 to 2004 as well as Member of Parliament for Grand Bay, Dominica from 1985 until his death. He was born in Grand Bay in Saint Patrick parish. He began his high school education at the Dominica Grammar School and completed it at the St...
, Prime Minister of Dominica (2000–2004)
- President - Vernon Shaw
- Dominican RepublicDominican RepublicThe Dominican Republic is a nation on the island of La Hispaniola, part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands that are shared by two countries...
- President - Hipólito MejíaHipólito MejíaRafael Hipólito Mejía Domínguez is a Dominican politician and former President of the Dominican Republic...
, President of the Dominican Republic (2000–2004)
- President - Hipólito Mejía
- El SalvadorEl SalvadorEl Salvador or simply Salvador is the smallest and the most densely populated country in Central America. The country's capital city and largest city is San Salvador; Santa Ana and San Miguel are also important cultural and commercial centers in the country and in all of Central America...
- President - Francisco Flores PérezFrancisco Flores PérezFrancisco Guillermo Flores Pérez is an ex president of El Salvador. He led the country from June 1 1999 until June 1 2004 as a member of the conservative Nationalist Republican Alliance .-Background:...
, President of El Salvador (1999–2004)
- President - Francisco Flores Pérez
- GrenadaGrenadaGrenada is an island country and Commonwealth Realm consisting of the island of Grenada and six smaller islands at the southern end of the Grenadines in the southeastern Caribbean Sea...
- Monarch - Elizabeth IIElizabeth II of the United KingdomElizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
, Queen of Grenada (1974–present) - Governor-General - Sir Daniel Williams, Governor-General of Grenada (1996–2008)
- Prime Minister - Keith MitchellKeith MitchellKeith Claudius Mitchell is a Grenadian politician who served as Prime Minister of Grenada from 1995 to 2008. He was the longest serving Prime Minister Grenada has ever had, serving just over 13 years as Prime Minister...
, Prime Minister of Grenada (1995–2008)
- Monarch - Elizabeth II
- GuatemalaGuatemalaGuatemala is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, Belize to the northeast, the Caribbean to the east, and Honduras and El Salvador to the southeast...
- President - Alfonso PortilloAlfonso PortilloAlfonso Antonio Portillo Cabrera is a Guatemalan politician. He served as the President of the Republic of Guatemala from 2000 to 2004....
, President of GuatemalaPresident of GuatemalaThe title of President of Guatemala has been the usual title of the leader of Guatemala since 1839, when that title was assumed by Mariano Rivera Paz...
(2000–2004)
- President - Alfonso Portillo
- HaitiHaitiHaiti , officially the Republic of Haiti , is a Caribbean country. It occupies the western, smaller portion of the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antillean archipelago, which it shares with the Dominican Republic. Ayiti was the indigenous Taíno or Amerindian name for the island...
- President - Jean-Bertrand AristideJean-Bertrand AristideJean-Bertrand Aristide is a Haitian former Catholic priest and politician who served as Haiti's first democratically elected president. A proponent of liberation theology, Aristide was appointed to a parish in Port-au-Prince in 1982 after completing his studies...
, President of Haiti (2001–2004) - Prime Minister -
- Jean Marie ChérestalJean Marie Chérestal-References:...
, Prime Minister of HaitiPrime Minister of HaitiThe Prime Minister of the Republic of Haiti is the head of government of Haiti. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and ratified by the National Assembly. He or she appoints the Ministers and Secretaries of State and goes before the National Assembly to obtain a vote of confidence for...
(2001–2002) - Yvon NeptuneYvon NeptuneYvon Neptune was Prime Minister of Haïti from 2002 until 2004. He was appointed by President Jean-Bertrand Aristide, and took office on March 15, 2002...
, Prime Minister of HaitiPrime Minister of HaitiThe Prime Minister of the Republic of Haiti is the head of government of Haiti. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and ratified by the National Assembly. He or she appoints the Ministers and Secretaries of State and goes before the National Assembly to obtain a vote of confidence for...
(2002–2004)
- Jean Marie Chérestal
- President - Jean-Bertrand Aristide
- HondurasHondurasHonduras is a republic in Central America. It was previously known as Spanish Honduras to differentiate it from British Honduras, which became the modern-day state of Belize...
- President -
- Carlos Roberto FloresCarlos Roberto FloresCarlos Roberto Flores Facussé was President of Honduras from 27 January 1998 to 27 January 2002 and President of the National Congress from 25 January 1994 to 25 January 1998.- Biography :...
, President of Honduras (1998–2002) - Ricardo MaduroRicardo MaduroRicardo Rodolfo Maduro Joest is a former President of Honduras and Bank of Honduras chairman. Maduro graduated from The Lawrenceville School and later Stanford University...
, President of Honduras (2002–2006)
- Carlos Roberto Flores
- President -
- JamaicaJamaicaJamaica is an island nation of the Greater Antilles, in length, up to in width and 10,990 square kilometres in area. It is situated in the Caribbean Sea, about south of Cuba, and west of Hispaniola, the island harbouring the nation-states Haiti and the Dominican Republic...
- Monarch - Elizabeth IIElizabeth II of the United KingdomElizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
, Queen of Jamaica (1962–present) - Governor-General - Sir Howard CookeHoward CookeSir Howard Felix Hanlan Cooke, ON, GCMG, GCVO, CD, K.St.J was the Governor-General of Jamaica from August 1, 1991 until February 15, 2006 when he became the first governor-general to invest his own successor, Professor Kenneth Octavius Hall...
, Governor-General of Jamaica (1991–2006) - Prime Minister - P. J. PattersonP. J. PattersonPercival Noel James Patterson, ON, QC, PC, O.E., was the sixth Prime Minister of Jamaica from 1992 to 2006. Until February 2006 he was the leader of the Jamaican People's National Party . The new PNP leader, Portia Simpson-Miller, took over as Prime Minister on 30 March 2006...
, Prime Minister of JamaicaPrime Minister of JamaicaThe Prime Minister of Jamaica is Jamaica's head of government, currently Andrew Holness. Andrew Holness was elected as the new leader of the governing Jamaica Labour Party and succeeded Bruce Golding to become Jamaica's ninth Prime Minister on 23 October 2011...
(1992–2006)
- Monarch - Elizabeth II
- MexicoMexicoThe United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
- President - Vicente FoxVicente FoxVicente Fox Quesada is a Mexican former politician who served as President of Mexico from 1 December 2000 to 30 November 2006 and currently serves as co-President of the Centrist Democrat International, an international organization of Christian democratic political parties.Fox was elected...
, President of Mexico (2000–2006)
- President - Vicente Fox
- MontserratMontserratMontserrat is a British overseas territory located in the Leeward Islands, part of the chain of islands called the Lesser Antilles in the West Indies. This island measures approximately long and wide, giving of coastline...
(British overseas territory)- Governor - Tony LongriggTony LongriggAnthony James "Tony" Longrigg, CMG is a British diplomat. He was Governor of Montserrat from 2001 to 2004.He joined the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in 1972, and was posted in Moscow and Madrid...
, Governor of MontserratGovernor of MontserratThe Governor of Montserrat is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Montserrat. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
(2001–2004) - Chief Minister - John OsborneJohn Osborne (politician)John Alfred Osborne was a chief minister of Montserrat.He first came to that position in November 1978, as a member of the People's Liberation Movement, and continued until losing legislative council elections on October 10, 1991. By 2001 he had switched parties, joining the New People's...
, Chief Minister of MontserratChief Minister of MontserratThe Chief Minister of Montserrat is the head of government of Montserrat, an island in the Caribbean that is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom, appointed by the Governor of Montserrat on behalf of Queen Elizabeth II, Montserrat's head of state. The current Chief Minister of Montserrat is...
(2001–2006)
- Governor - Tony Longrigg
- Netherlands AntillesNetherlands AntillesThe Netherlands Antilles , also referred to informally as the Dutch Antilles, was an autonomous Caribbean country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, consisting of two groups of islands in the Lesser Antilles: Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao , in Leeward Antilles just off the Venezuelan coast; and Sint...
(constituent countryConstituent countryConstituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity. The term constituent country does not have any defined legal meaning, and is used simply to refer to a country which is a part Constituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts...
of the Kingdom of the NetherlandsKingdom of the NetherlandsThe Kingdom of the Netherlands is a sovereign state and constitutional monarchy with territory in Western Europe and in the Caribbean. The four parts of the Kingdom—Aruba, Curaçao, the Netherlands, and Sint Maarten—are referred to as "countries", and participate on a basis of equality...
)- Governor -
- Jaime Saleh, Governor of the Netherlands AntillesGovernor of the Netherlands AntillesThe Governor of the Netherlands Antilles was the representative of the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the Netherlands Antilles and the head of the National Government of the Netherlands Antilles....
(1990–2002) - Frits GoedgedragFrits GoedgedragFrits M. de los Santos Goedgedrag is the current and first Governor of Curaçao. From 1 July 2002 to 9 October 2010, Goedgedrag was the Governor of the Netherlands Antilles. From 1992 to 1998, he was Administrator of Bonaire....
, Governor of the Netherlands AntillesGovernor of the Netherlands AntillesThe Governor of the Netherlands Antilles was the representative of the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the Netherlands Antilles and the head of the National Government of the Netherlands Antilles....
(2002–2010)
- Jaime Saleh, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles
- Prime Minister -
- Miguel Arcangel Pourier, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (1999–2002)
- Etienne YsEtienne YsEtienne Nestor Ys is a Netherlands Antilles politician.Ys was born in Curaçao. He has served as Prime Minister on two occasions - from 3 June 2002 to 22 July 2003 and from 3 June 2004 to 26 March 2006...
, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (2002–2003)
- Governor -
- NicaraguaNicaraguaNicaragua is the largest country in the Central American American isthmus, bordered by Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. The country is situated between 11 and 14 degrees north of the Equator in the Northern Hemisphere, which places it entirely within the tropics. The Pacific Ocean...
- President -
- Arnoldo AlemánArnoldo AlemánJosé Arnoldo Alemán Lacayo was the 81st President of Nicaragua from 10 January 1997 to 10 January 2002.-Biography:Alemán was born in Managua and received his early education at the La Salle institute in Managua...
, President of Nicaragua (1997–2002) - Enrique BolañosEnrique BolañosEnrique José Bolaños Geyer was the President of Nicaragua from 10 January 2002 to 10 January 2007. President Bolaños is of Spanish and German heritage and was born in Masaya ....
, President of Nicaragua (2002–2007)
- Arnoldo Alemán
- President -
- PanamaPanamaPanama , officially the Republic of Panama , is the southernmost country of Central America. Situated on the isthmus connecting North and South America, it is bordered by Costa Rica to the northwest, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south. The...
- President - Mireya MoscosoMireya MoscosoMireya Elisa Moscoso Rodríguez de Arias is a Panamanian political figure. She was the President of Panama from 1999 to 2004, representing the Arnulfista Party...
, President of Panama (1999–2004)
- President - Mireya Moscoso
- Saint Kitts and NevisSaint Kitts and NevisThe Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis , located in the Leeward Islands, is a federal two-island nation in the West Indies. It is the smallest sovereign state in the Americas, in both area and population....
- Monarch - Elizabeth IIElizabeth II of the United KingdomElizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
, Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983–present) - Governor-General - Sir Cuthbert SebastianCuthbert SebastianSir Cuthbert Montraville Sebastian, GCMG, OBE , is the Governor-General of St. Kitts and Nevis. He was appointed Governor-General in 1995 and was sworn in on 1 January 1996....
, Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1996–present) - Prime Minister - Denzil DouglasDenzil DouglasDenzil Llewellyn Douglas has been Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis since July 1995. He leads the Saint Kitts and Nevis Labour Party. He is the longest serving Prime Minister Saint Kitts and Nevis has ever had....
, Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1995–present)
- Monarch - Elizabeth II
- Saint LuciaSaint LuciaSaint Lucia is an island country in the eastern Caribbean Sea on the boundary with the Atlantic Ocean. Part of the Lesser Antilles, it is located north/northeast of the island of Saint Vincent, northwest of Barbados and south of Martinique. It covers a land area of 620 km2 and has an...
- Monarch - Elizabeth IIElizabeth II of the United KingdomElizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
, Queen of Saint Lucia (1979–present) - Governor-General - Dame Pearlette LouisyPearlette LouisyDame Pearlette Louisy, GCMG is the Governor-General of Saint Lucia. She is the first woman to hold this office, which she was sworn into on 19 September 1997....
, Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1997–present) - Prime Minister - Kenny AnthonyKenny AnthonyKenny Davis Anthony is a Saint Lucian politician who was the fifth Prime Minister of Saint Lucia from 1997 to 2006. As leader of the Saint Lucia Labour Party, he was Leader of the Opposition from 2006 to 2011 and returned to office as Prime Minister on 30 November 2011 following the 2011...
, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (1997–2006)
- Monarch - Elizabeth II
- Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Territorial collectivity of France)
- Prefect -
- Jean-François Tallec, Prefect of Saint Pierre and MiquelonPrefect of Saint Pierre and MiquelonThe prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon is the local representative of the President of France and in effect the Governor or Executive officer of the territory.- Overview :...
(2001–2002) - Claude Valleix, Prefect of Saint Pierre and MiquelonPrefect of Saint Pierre and MiquelonThe prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon is the local representative of the President of France and in effect the Governor or Executive officer of the territory.- Overview :...
(2002–2005)
- Jean-François Tallec, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
- President of the General Council - Marc Plantegenest, President of the General Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2000–2005)
- Prefect -
- Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesSaint Vincent and the GrenadinesSaint Vincent and the Grenadines is an island country in the Lesser Antilles chain, namely in the southern portion of the Windward Islands, which lie at the southern end of the eastern border of the Caribbean Sea where the latter meets the Atlantic Ocean....
- Monarch - Elizabeth IIElizabeth II of the United KingdomElizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
, Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979–present) - Governor-General -
- Sir Charles AntrobusCharles AntrobusSir Charles James Antrobus, GCMG, OBE was the Governor-General of St. Vincent and the Grenadines from June 1, 1996, until his death. He died in Toronto and was temporarily replaced by Monica Dacon....
, Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1996–2002) - Monica DaconMonica DaconDame Monica Jessie Dacon, née Sheen DBE, CMG is a former Saint Vincent and the Grenadines schoolteacher, educator and politician. She is the widow of parliamentarian St. Clair Dacon....
, Acting Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2002) - Sir Frederick BallantyneFrederick BallantyneSir Frederick Nathaniel Ballantyne, GCMG is the Governor-General of St. Vincent and the Grenadines. He has been in this office since 2 September 2002, and was knighted in November. He replaced Monica Dacon who had been interim Governor General after the death of Charles Antrobus.-External links:*...
, Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2002–present)
- Sir Charles Antrobus
- Prime Minister - Ralph GonsalvesRalph GonsalvesRalph Everard Gonsalves , also known as "Comrade Ralph", is the fourth and current Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and leader of the Unity Labour Party . Gonsalves became Prime Minister after his party won a majority government in the 2001 general election...
, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2001–present)
- Monarch - Elizabeth II
- Trinidad and TobagoTrinidad and TobagoTrinidad and Tobago officially the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago is an archipelagic state in the southern Caribbean, lying just off the coast of northeastern Venezuela and south of Grenada in the Lesser Antilles...
- President - A. N. R. RobinsonA. N. R. RobinsonArthur Napoleon Raymond Robinson, OCC, TC was the third President of Trinidad and Tobago, serving from 19 March 1997 to 17 March 2003. He was also Trinidad and Tobago's third Prime Minister, serving in that capacity from 18 December 1986 to 17 December 1991...
, President of Trinidad and Tobago (1997–2003) - Prime Minister - Patrick ManningPatrick ManningPatrick Augustus Mervyn Manning was the fourth and sixth Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago, as well as the former Political Leader of the People's National Movement . He served as Prime Minister from 17 December 1991 to 9 November 1995 and held that office again from 24 December 2001 until 26...
, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (2001–2010)
- President - A. N. R. Robinson
- Turks and Caicos IslandsTurks and Caicos IslandsThe Turks and Caicos Islands are a British Overseas Territory and overseas territory of the European Union consisting of two groups of tropical islands in the Caribbean, the larger Caicos Islands and the smaller Turks Islands, known for tourism and as an offshore financial centre.The Turks and...
(British overseas territory)- Governor -
- Mervyn JonesMervyn JonesMervyn Thomas Jones is a British diplomat who was Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands from January 2000 to November 2002. Jones was succeeded by acting Governor Cynthia Astwood on 26 November 2002...
, Governor of the Turks and Caicos IslandsGovernor of the Turks and Caicos IslandsThe Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Turks and Caicos Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
(2000–2002) - Cynthia AstwoodCynthia AstwoodCynthia Astwood served as the acting Governor of the Turks and Caicos from 1986 until 16 December 2002, when she retired and was succeeded by Jim Poston. She was the first woman to act as Governor of the Turks and Caicos.-References:...
, Acting Governor of the Turks and Caicos IslandsGovernor of the Turks and Caicos IslandsThe Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Turks and Caicos Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
(2002) - Jim PostonJim PostonJames "Jim" Poston, CBE was a British diplomat who was Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 2002 to 2005. Poston succeeded acting Governor Cynthia Astwood on 16 December 2002....
, Governor of the Turks and Caicos IslandsGovernor of the Turks and Caicos IslandsThe Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Turks and Caicos Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
(2002–2005)
- Mervyn Jones
- Chief Minister - Derek Hugh TaylorDerek Hugh TaylorDerek Hugh Taylor was Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 31 January 1995 to 15 August 2003. He is the former leader of the People's Democratic Movement party and is now retired.-External links:*...
, Chief Minister of Turks and Caicos IslandsPremier of the Turks and Caicos IslandsThis is a list of Chief Ministers and Premiers of the Turks and Caicos Islands.-Chief Ministers of the Turks and Caicos Islands:-Premiers of the Turks and Caicos Islands:...
(1995–2003)
- Governor -
- United States of America
- President - George W. BushGeorge W. BushGeorge Walker Bush is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States, from 2001 to 2009. Before that, he was the 46th Governor of Texas, having served from 1995 to 2000....
, President of the United StatesPresident of the United StatesThe President of the United States of America is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces....
(2001–2009) - Puerto RicoPuerto RicoPuerto Rico , officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico , is an unincorporated territory of the United States, located in the northeastern Caribbean, east of the Dominican Republic and west of both the United States Virgin Islands and the British Virgin Islands.Puerto Rico comprises an...
(CommonwealthCommonwealth (United States insular area)In the terminology of the United States insular areas, a Commonwealth is a type of organized but unincorporated dependent territory.The definition of "Commonwealth" according to current U.S. State Department policy reads: "The term 'Commonwealth' does not describe or provide for any specific...
of the United States)- Governor - Sila María CalderónSila María CalderónSila María Calderón Serra is a Puerto Rican politician and businesswoman who served as the seventh Governor of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico from 2001 to 2005. She is the first and, to date, only woman elected to that office...
, Governor of Puerto RicoGovernor of Puerto RicoThe Governor of Puerto Rico is the Head of Government of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Since 1948, the Governor has been elected by the people of Puerto Rico...
(2001–2005)
- Governor - Sila María Calderón
- United States Virgin IslandsUnited States Virgin IslandsThe Virgin Islands of the United States are a group of islands in the Caribbean that are an insular area of the United States. The islands are geographically part of the Virgin Islands archipelago and are located in the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles.The U.S...
(Insular areaInsular areaAn insular area is a United States territory, that is neither a part of one of the fifty U.S. states nor the District of Columbia, the federal district of the United States...
of the United States)- Governor - Charles Wesley TurnbullCharles Wesley TurnbullCharles Wesley Turnbull , was the 26th Governor of the U.S. Virgin Islands.He was born on St. Thomas. Prior to being elected in 1998, he was a professor at the University of the Virgin Islands, Commissioner and Assistant Commissioner of the territorial Department of Education, principal and...
, Governor of US Virgin Islands (1999–2007)
- Governor - Charles Wesley Turnbull
- President - George W. Bush
Oceania
- American SamoaAmerican SamoaAmerican Samoa is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of the sovereign state of Samoa...
(unorganizedUnorganized territoryAn unorganized territory is a region of land without a "normally" constituted system of government. This does not mean that the territory has no government at all or that it is unclaimed territory...
, unincorporated territory of the United States)- Governor - Tauese SuniaTauese SuniaTauese Tuailemafua Pita Fiti Sunia was the governor of American Samoa from 1997 until his death. He died during his second term, on March 26, 2003, while on a flight to Hawaii for medical treatment....
, Governor of American Samoa (1997–2003)
- Governor - Tauese Sunia
- AustraliaAustraliaAustralia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
- Monarch - Elizabeth IIElizabeth II of the United KingdomElizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
, Queen of Australia (1952–present) - Governor-General - Peter HollingworthPeter HollingworthPeter John Hollingworth AC, OBE is an Australian Anglican bishop. He served as the Archbishop of Brisbane for 11 years before becoming the 23rd Governor-General of Australia from 2001 until 2003....
, Governor-General of AustraliaGovernor-General of AustraliaThe Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia is the representative in Australia at federal/national level of the Australian monarch . He or she exercises the supreme executive power of the Commonwealth...
(2001–2003) - Prime Minister - John HowardJohn HowardJohn Winston Howard AC, SSI, was the 25th Prime Minister of Australia, from 11 March 1996 to 3 December 2007. He was the second-longest serving Australian Prime Minister after Sir Robert Menzies....
, Prime Minister of AustraliaPrime Minister of AustraliaThe Prime Minister of the Commonwealth of Australia is the highest minister of the Crown, leader of the Cabinet and Head of Her Majesty's Australian Government, holding office on commission from the Governor-General of Australia. The office of Prime Minister is, in practice, the most powerful...
(1996–2007) - Christmas IslandChristmas IslandThe Territory of Christmas Island is a territory of Australia in the Indian Ocean. It is located northwest of the Western Australian city of Perth, south of the Indonesian capital, Jakarta, and ENE of the Cocos Islands....
(external territory of Australia)- Administrator - Bill Taylor, Administrator of Christmas Island (1999–2003)
- Shire President - Andrew Smolders, Shire president of Christmas Island (2001–2003)
- Cocos (Keeling) IslandsCocos (Keeling) IslandsThe Territory of the Cocos Islands, also called Cocos Islands and Keeling Islands, is a territory of Australia, located in the Indian Ocean, southwest of Christmas Island and approximately midway between Australia and Sri Lanka....
(external territory of Australia)- Administrator - Bill Taylor, Administrator of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1999–2003)
- Shire President - Ronald Grant, Shire president of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (2001-2007)
- Norfolk IslandNorfolk IslandNorfolk Island is a small island in the Pacific Ocean located between Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia. The island is part of the Commonwealth of Australia, but it enjoys a large degree of self-governance...
(self-governing territory of Australia)- Administrator - Tony MessnerTony MessnerAnthony John Messner AO is a former Australian politician and minister.Messner was born in Melbourne and educated at a state primary school in Queensland, Pulteney Grammar School, Adelaide and the South Australian Institute of Technology.Messner was elected as a Senator for South Australia at the...
, Administrator of Norfolk Island (1997–2003) - Chief Minister - Geoffrey Robert GardnerGeoffrey Robert GardnerGeoffrey Robert Gardner is a political figure from the Australian territory of Norfolk Island.-Chief Minister of Norfolk Island:Gardner was the chief minister of Norfolk Island from 5 December 2001 to 2 June 2006...
, Chief Minister of Norfolk Island (2001–2006)
- Administrator - Tony Messner
- Monarch - Elizabeth II
- FijiFijiFiji , officially the Republic of Fiji , is an island nation in Melanesia in the South Pacific Ocean about northeast of New Zealand's North Island...
- President - Ratu Josefa Iloilo, President of Fiji (2000–2009)
- Prime Minister - Laisenia QaraseLaisenia QaraseLaisenia Qarase is a Fijian political figure. He served as the sixth Prime Minister of Fiji from 2000 to 2006. After the military quashed the coup that led to the removal of Mahendra Chaudhry, Qarase joined the Interim Military Government as a financial adviser on 9 June 2000, until his appointment...
, Prime Minister of Fiji (2001–2006)
- French PolynesiaFrench PolynesiaFrench Polynesia is an overseas country of the French Republic . It is made up of several groups of Polynesian islands, the most famous island being Tahiti in the Society Islands group, which is also the most populous island and the seat of the capital of the territory...
(French overseas territory)- High Commissioner - Michel MathieuMichel MathieuMichel Mathieu was high commissioner of New Caledonia from July 2005 until his death.Mathieu was born in Montpellier. Previously he was the High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia from 17 November 2001, to 30 July 2005, when he was succeeded by Jacques Michaut...
, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (2001–2005) - President of the Government - Gaston FlosseGaston FlosseGaston Flosse is a French Polynesian politician who has been President of French Polynesia on four separate occasions. He is currently a member of the Senate of France.-Life and career:...
, President of the Government of French PolynesiaPresident of French PolynesiaThis is the list of Presidents of French Polynesia.-See also:*List of monarchs of Tahiti*Colonial and Departmental Heads of French Polynesia-External links:*...
(1991–2004)
- High Commissioner - Michel Mathieu
- GuamGuamGuam is an organized, unincorporated territory of the United States located in the western Pacific Ocean. It is one of five U.S. territories with an established civilian government. Guam is listed as one of 16 Non-Self-Governing Territories by the Special Committee on Decolonization of the United...
(Insular areaInsular areaAn insular area is a United States territory, that is neither a part of one of the fifty U.S. states nor the District of Columbia, the federal district of the United States...
of the United States)- Governor - Carl T.C. GutierrezCarl T.C. GutierrezCarl Tommy Cruz Gutierrez is a Guamanian politician.He has served at total of 10 terms in the Guam Legislature and ran unsuccessfully for Governor in 1978 , and again in 1986. Gutierrez was defeated by Governor Ricardo J. Bordallo and Lieutenant Governor Edward D. Reyes in 1986...
, Governor of Guam (1995–2003)
- Governor - Carl T.C. Gutierrez
- KiribatiKiribatiKiribati , officially the Republic of Kiribati, is an island nation located in the central tropical Pacific Ocean. The permanent population exceeds just over 100,000 , and is composed of 32 atolls and one raised coral island, dispersed over 3.5 million square kilometres, straddling the...
- President - Teburoro TitoTeburoro TitoTeburoro Tito was the President and foreign minister of Kiribati from October 1, 1994 to March 28, 2003. He was elected for the first time in 1994. He was reelected in 1998 with 52% of the vote. His main opponent was Harry Tong, who later ran against his brother, current President Anote Tong...
, President of KiribatiPresident of KiribatiThe President of Kiribati is the head of state and head of government of Kiribati.Following a general election, by which citizens elect the members of the House of Assembly, members select from their midst "not less than 3 nor more than 4 candidates" for the presidency. No other person may stand...
(1994–2003)
- President - Teburoro Tito
- Marshall IslandsMarshall IslandsThe Republic of the Marshall Islands , , is a Micronesian nation of atolls and islands in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, just west of the International Date Line and just north of the Equator. As of July 2011 the population was 67,182...
- President - Kessai NoteKessai NoteKessai Hesa Note is a former President of the Marshall Islands, having served from 2000 to 2008.Having served as Speaker of Parliament since 1988, he was elected President in 2000, and was the first commoner to be elected to the Presidency...
, President of the Marshall IslandsPresident of the Marshall Islands-List of Presidents of the Marshall Islands:...
(2000–2008)
- President - Kessai Note
- MicronesiaFederated States of MicronesiaThe Federated States of Micronesia or FSM is an independent, sovereign island nation, made up of four states from west to east: Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei and Kosrae. It comprises approximately 607 islands with c...
- President - Leo FalcamLeo FalcamLeo Amy Falcam is a Micronesian political figure. He was born in Pohnpei. He served as the first elected Governor of Pohnpei from 1979 to 1983 and as Vice President of Micronesia from May 1997 to May 1999. He then served as the fifth president of the Federated States of Micronesia from May 11,...
, President of the Federated States of MicronesiaPresident of the Federated States of MicronesiaThe following is a list of the Presidents of the Federated States of Micronesia:-See also:*High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands...
(1999–2003)
- President - Leo Falcam
- NauruNauruNauru , officially the Republic of Nauru and formerly known as Pleasant Island, is an island country in Micronesia in the South Pacific. Its nearest neighbour is Banaba Island in Kiribati, to the east. Nauru is the world's smallest republic, covering just...
- President - René HarrisRené HarrisRené Reynaldo Harris was President of the Republic of Nauru four times between 1999 and 2004. He was a Member of Parliament from 1977 to 2008.-Background and early career:...
, President of NauruPresident of NauruThe President of Nauru is elected by Parliament from amongst its members. He is both the head of state and head of government of Nauru. Nauru's unicameral Parliament has 18 members, with an electoral term of 3 years. Political parties only play a minor role in Nauru politics, and there has often...
(2001–2003)
- President - René Harris
- New CaledoniaNew CaledoniaNew Caledonia is a special collectivity of France located in the southwest Pacific Ocean, east of Australia and about from Metropolitan France. The archipelago, part of the Melanesia subregion, includes the main island of Grande Terre, the Loyalty Islands, the Belep archipelago, the Isle of...
(Sui Generis Collectivity of France)- High Commissioner -
- Thierry Lataste, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (1999–2002)
- Alain Triolle, Acting High Commissioner of New Caledonia (2002)
- Daniel ConstantinDaniel ConstantinDaniel Auguste Constantin , is a French colonial administrator.He was the préfet of Réunion from 1989 until 1991 and the high commissioner of New Caledonia from 31 July 2002 until September 2005.-References:...
, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (2002–2005)
- President of the Government - Pierre FrogierPierre FrogierPierre Frogier is a French politician, who was President of the Government of New Caledonia from 2001 to 2004.He was born in Nouméa....
, President of the Government of New CaledoniaPresident of the Government of New CaledoniaThis is the list of Presidents of the Government of New Caledonia since 1998, when the Nouméa Accord was signed. The President is often from the largest party in the Congress of New Caledonia, though the government itself is made up of cabinet ministers from all parties in Congress, allocated...
(2001–2004)
- High Commissioner -
- New ZealandNew ZealandNew Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New ZealandMonarchy in New ZealandThe monarchy of New Zealand also referred to as The Crown in Right of New Zealand, Her Majesty in Right of New Zealand, or The Queen in Right of New Zealand is the constitutional system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign and head of state of the Realm of New Zealand,...
(1952–present) - Governor-General - Dame Silvia CartwrightSilvia CartwrightDame Silvia Rose Cartwright, PCNZM, DBE, QSO, DStJ was the 18th Governor-General of New Zealand.She is a graduate of the University of Otago, where she gained her LL.B degree in 1967, and a former student at Otago Girls' High School.- Public life and family :In 1989, she became the first female...
, Governor-General of New ZealandGovernor-General of New ZealandThe Governor-General of New Zealand is the representative of the monarch of New Zealand . The Governor-General acts as the Queen's vice-regal representative in New Zealand and is often viewed as the de facto head of state....
(2001–2006) - Prime Minister - Helen ClarkHelen ClarkHelen Elizabeth Clark, ONZ is a New Zealand political figure who was the 37th Prime Minister of New Zealand for three consecutive terms from 1999 to 2008...
, Prime Minister of New ZealandPrime Minister of New ZealandThe Prime Minister of New Zealand is New Zealand's head of government consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the Parliament of New Zealand...
(1999–2008) - Cook IslandsCook IslandsThe Cook Islands is a self-governing parliamentary democracy in the South Pacific Ocean in free association with New Zealand...
(Associated stateAssociated stateAn associated state is the minor partner in a formal, free relationship between a political territory with a degree of statehood and a nation, for which no other specific term, such as protectorate, is adopted...
of New Zealand)- Queen's Representative – Sir Frederick Tutu GoodwinFrederick Tutu GoodwinSir Frederick Tutu Goodwin, KBE, is the Queen's Representative to the Cook Islands.Goodwin joined the Cook Islands Police in 1956. He served as a constable, then joined the New Zealand Police Force for a short time, before returning to the Cook Islands, where he eventually rose to the rank of...
, Queen's Representative of the Cook IslandsQueen's RepresentativeThe Queen's Representative is the formal title given to the representative of Queen Elizabeth II, as Queen of New Zealand, in the Cook Islands....
(2001–present) - Prime Minister -
- Terepai MaoateTerepai MaoateSir Terepai Tuamure Maoate, KBE was Prime Minister of the Cook Islands from 18 November 1999 to 11 February 2002. He is a member of the Cook Islands Democratic Party...
, Prime Minister of the Cook IslandsPrime Minister of the Cook IslandsThe Prime Minister of the Cook Islands is the official rsponsible for heading Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II's government in the Cook Islands, a self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand. The office was established in 1965, when self-government was first granted to the islands...
(1999–2002) - Robert WoontonRobert WoontonDr Robert Woonton was the Prime Minister of the Cook Islands from 11 February 2002 until 11 December 2004, and is a member of the centrist Democratic Party. A medical doctor by training, he became a Member of Parliament for the island of Manihiki...
, Prime Minister of the Cook IslandsPrime Minister of the Cook IslandsThe Prime Minister of the Cook Islands is the official rsponsible for heading Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II's government in the Cook Islands, a self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand. The office was established in 1965, when self-government was first granted to the islands...
(2002–2004)
- Terepai Maoate
- Queen's Representative – Sir Frederick Tutu Goodwin
- NiueNiueNiue , is an island country in the South Pacific Ocean. It is commonly known as the "Rock of Polynesia", and inhabitants of the island call it "the Rock" for short. Niue is northeast of New Zealand in a triangle between Tonga to the southwest, the Samoas to the northwest, and the Cook Islands to...
(associated stateAssociated stateAn associated state is the minor partner in a formal, free relationship between a political territory with a degree of statehood and a nation, for which no other specific term, such as protectorate, is adopted...
of New Zealand)- Premier -
- Sani LakataniSani LakataniSani Elia Lagigietama Lakatani is a former Premier of Niue. He was a member of the Niue People's Party.-References:...
, Premier of NiuePremier of NiueThe Premier of Niue is Niue's head of government. He or she is elected by the Niue Assembly, and forms a Cabinet consisting of him- or herself and three other members of the Assembly....
(1999–2002) - Young VivianYoung VivianMititaiagimene Young Vivian is a Niuean politician who has twice been the premier of his country. Representing the Niue People's Action Party, he defeated sitting premier Sani Lakatani in May 2002 elections. Vivian had previously served as premier for a brief period from 12 December 1992 to 9...
, Premier of NiuePremier of NiueThe Premier of Niue is Niue's head of government. He or she is elected by the Niue Assembly, and forms a Cabinet consisting of him- or herself and three other members of the Assembly....
(2002–2008)
- Sani Lakatani
- Premier -
- TokelauTokelauTokelau is a territory of New Zealand in the South Pacific Ocean that consists of three tropical coral atolls with a combined land area of 10 km2 and a population of approximately 1,400...
(dependent territoryDependent territoryA dependent territory, dependent area or dependency is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a State, and remains politically outside of the controlling state's integral area....
of New Zealand)- Administrator - Lindsay Watt, Administrator of Tokelau (1993–2003)
- Head of Government -
- Kuresa NasauKuresa NasauKuresa Nasau is a Tokelauan politician who currently serves as head of government . He has previously held the position five times. He is also faipule of Atafu...
, Head of Government of Tokelau (2001–2002) - Pio TuiaPio TuiaPio Tuia was five times Ulu o Tokelau, head of government of Tokelau. The position of ulu rotates annually between the three faipule , who are elected for terms lasting three years. Tuia served as ulu for the fifth time from 2008 to 2009 and is the faipule of Nukunonu...
, Head of Government of Tokelau (2002–2003)
- Kuresa Nasau
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand
- Northern Mariana IslandsNorthern Mariana IslandsThe Northern Mariana Islands, officially the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands , is a commonwealth in political union with the United States, occupying a strategic region of the western Pacific Ocean. It consists of 15 islands about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to the Philippines...
(CommonwealthCommonwealth (United States insular area)In the terminology of the United States insular areas, a Commonwealth is a type of organized but unincorporated dependent territory.The definition of "Commonwealth" according to current U.S. State Department policy reads: "The term 'Commonwealth' does not describe or provide for any specific...
of the United States)- Governor -
- Pedro TenorioPedro TenorioPedro P. Tenorio was the second and fifth elected Governor of the United States Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.Tenorio was born on Saipan. He graduated from George Washington High School in Guam and attended the University of Guam. He has worked as a schoolteacher, a shipping...
, Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (1998–2002) - Juan Babauta, Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (2002–2006)
- Pedro Tenorio
- Governor -
- PalauPalauPalau , officially the Republic of Palau , is an island nation in the Pacific Ocean, east of the Philippines and south of Tokyo. In 1978, after three decades as being part of the United Nations trusteeship, Palau chose independence instead of becoming part of the Federated States of Micronesia, a...
- President - Tommy RemengesauTommy RemengesauThomas Esang Remengesau, Jr. is a Palauan politician who served as president of Palau from 2001 to 2009.He became vice-president in 1992 and was elected as president in 2000; he took office on January 1, 2001. He wished to make Palau less dependent upon United States aid, and to promote limited...
, President of PalauPresident of Palau-List of Presidents of Palau:-Latest election:-See also:*Vice-President of Palau*High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands...
(2001–2009)
- President - Tommy Remengesau
- Papua New GuineaPapua New GuineaPapua New Guinea , officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania, occupying the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and numerous offshore islands...
- Monarch - Elizabeth IIElizabeth II of the United KingdomElizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
, Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–present) - Governor-General - Sir Silas AtopareSilas AtopareSir Silas Atopare, GCL, GCMG was the seventh Governor-General of Papua New Guinea from November 1997 until November 2003.Atopare is a member Seventh-day Adventist Church. In 1998, he was knighted in the Order of St Michael and St George. In 2008 Sir Silas was appointed a Grand Chief in the Order...
, Governor-General of Papua New GuineaGovernor-General of Papua New GuineaThe Governor-General of Papua New Guinea is the viceregal representative of Queen Elizabeth II, known in Tok Pisin as 'Missis Kwin', Papua New Guinea's head of state, performing the duties of the Queen in her absence...
(1997–2003) - Prime Minister -
- Sir Mekere MorautaMekere MorautaSir Mekere Morauta, KCMG is a Papua New Guinean political figure. He served as the sixth Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea between 1999 and 2002, and later as Leader of the Opposition. He is the sitting member for Moresby North-West in the national parliament, and he was until recently the...
, Prime Minister of Papua New GuineaPrime Minister of Papua New GuineaThe Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea, is Papua New Guinea's head of government, consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the National Parliament. Since 2 August 2011, the Prime Minister has been Peter O’Neill of the People's National Congress Party.-List...
(1999–2002) - Sir Michael SomareMichael SomareSir Michael Thomas Somare, GCL, GCMG, CH, CF, KStJ, MP was Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea from 2002 to 2011; he had previously been Prime Minister from independence in 1975 until 1980 and again from 1982 until 1985. Somare's first two terms were as a member of the Pangu Party, but he then...
, Prime Minister of Papua New GuineaPrime Minister of Papua New GuineaThe Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea, is Papua New Guinea's head of government, consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the National Parliament. Since 2 August 2011, the Prime Minister has been Peter O’Neill of the People's National Congress Party.-List...
(2002–2011)
- Sir Mekere Morauta
- Monarch - Elizabeth II
- Pitcairn IslandsPitcairn IslandsThe Pitcairn Islands , officially named the Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands, form a group of four volcanic islands in the southern Pacific Ocean. The islands are a British Overseas Territory and overseas territory of the European Union in the Pacific...
(British overseas territory)- Governor - Richard FellRichard FellRichard Taylor Fell CVO was the British High Commissioner to New Zealand and the colonial Governor of the Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands from 2001 to 2006....
, Governor of the Pitcairn IslandsGovernor of the Pitcairn IslandsThe Governor of the Pitcairn Islands is the representative of the British crown in the Pitcairn Islands, which are the last remaining British territory in the Pacific Ocean...
(2001–2006) - Mayor - Steve ChristianSteve ChristianSteven Raymond Christian is a political figure from the Pacific territory of the Pitcairn Islands.-Mayor:...
, Mayor of the Pitcairn Islands (1999–2004)
- Governor - Richard Fell
- SamoaSamoaSamoa , officially the Independent State of Samoa, formerly known as Western Samoa is a country encompassing the western part of the Samoan Islands in the South Pacific Ocean. It became independent from New Zealand in 1962. The two main islands of Samoa are Upolu and one of the biggest islands in...
- Head of State - Malietoa Tanumafili II, O le Ao o le Malo of SamoaO le Ao o le MaloO le Ao o le Malo is the Samoan head of state, which is the title's rough translation....
(1962–2007) - Prime Minister - Tuilaepa Sailele Malielegaoi, Prime Minister of SamoaPrime Minister of SamoaThis is a list of Prime Ministers of Samoa from the establishment of that office in 1875 until the present day.-List of Prime Ministers of Samoa :-See also:*Samoa**Politics of Samoa...
(1998–present)
- Head of State - Malietoa Tanumafili II, O le Ao o le Malo of Samoa
- Solomon IslandsSolomon IslandsSolomon Islands is a sovereign state in Oceania, east of Papua New Guinea, consisting of nearly one thousand islands. It covers a land mass of . The capital, Honiara, is located on the island of Guadalcanal...
- Monarch - Elizabeth IIElizabeth II of the United KingdomElizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
, Queen of the Solomon IslandsMonarch of the Solomon IslandsThe monarchy of the Solomon Islands is a system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign of the Solomon Islands. The present monarch of the Solomon Islands is Queen Elizabeth II. The Solomon Islands share the Sovereign with a number of Commonwealth realms...
(1978–present) - Governor-General - Sir John LapliJohn LapliSir John Ini Lapli GCMG, was the Governor-General of the Solomon Islands from July 7, 1999 until July 7, 2004.Prior to his election as Governor-General in June 1999, Lapli was Premier of Temotu Province...
, Governor-General of the Solomon IslandsGovernor-General of the Solomon IslandsThe Governor-General of Solomon Islands is the representative of the Queen of Solomon Islands, Elizabeth II. The Queen does not reside in the islands, and so the Governor-General serves as the country's de facto head of state in her absence....
(1999–2004) - Prime Minister - Sir Allan KemakezaAllan KemakezaSir Allan Kemakeza KBE was the seventh Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands from 2001 to 2006. He represented Savo/Russel Constituency in the National Parliament of Solomon Islands from 1989 to 2010 and was most recently Minister of Forestry December 2007 to August 2010...
, Prime Minister of the Solomon IslandsPrime Minister of the Solomon IslandsThe Prime Minister of Solomon Islands is Solomon Islands' head of government, consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the National Parliament. Solomon Islands is a Commonwealth realm. Since August 2010, the Prime Minister has been Danny Philip of the Reform...
(2001–2006)
- Monarch - Elizabeth II
- TongaTongaTonga, officially the Kingdom of Tonga , is a state and an archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, comprising 176 islands scattered over of ocean in the South Pacific...
- Monarch - Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965–2006)
- Prime Minister - Prince Lavaka Ata 'Ulukalala, Prime Minister of TongaPrime Minister of TongaThis is a list of Prime Ministers of Tonga from the establishment of that office in 1876 until the present day.-List of Premiers/Prime Ministers of Tonga :-External links:*...
(2000–2006)
- TuvaluTuvaluTuvalu , formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia. Its nearest neighbours are Kiribati, Nauru, Samoa and Fiji. It comprises four reef islands and five true atolls...
- Monarch - Elizabeth IIElizabeth II of the United KingdomElizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
, Queen of Tuvalu (1978–present) - Governor-General - Sir Tomasi PuapuaTomasi PuapuaSir Tomasi Puapua, GCMG, KBE, PC is a political figure from the Pacific nation of Tuvalu.-Prime minister:He was the second Prime Minister of Tuvalu from 1981-1989...
, Governor-General of TuvaluGovernor-General of TuvaluThe Governor-General of Tuvalu is the representative of Queen Elizabeth II as Queen of Tuvalu, the nation's Head of State, and performs the duties of the Queen in her absence.-History:...
(1998–2003) - Prime Minister -
- Koloa TalakeKoloa TalakeThe Rt Hon Koloa Talake is a political figure from the Pacific nation of Tuvalu.-Prime Minister of Tuvalu:He served as the seventh Prime Minister of Tuvalu for nine months, 14 December 2001-2 August 2002, after defeating Faimalaga Luka in a vote of no confidence.Talake was defeated in elections in...
, Prime Minister of TuvaluPrime Minister of TuvaluThe Prime Minister of Tuvalu is the head of government of Tuvalu. According to Tuvalu's constitution, the Prime Minister must always be a member of Parliament, and is elected by Parliament in a secret ballot. Because there are no political parties in Tuvalu, any member of Parliament can be...
(2001–2002) - Saufatu SopoangaSaufatu SopoangaThe Rt Hon Saufatu Sopoanga is a political figure from the Pacific nation of Tuvalu. Sopoanga was the eighth Prime Minister and a foreign minister of Tuvalu.-Background:...
, Prime Minister of TuvaluPrime Minister of TuvaluThe Prime Minister of Tuvalu is the head of government of Tuvalu. According to Tuvalu's constitution, the Prime Minister must always be a member of Parliament, and is elected by Parliament in a secret ballot. Because there are no political parties in Tuvalu, any member of Parliament can be...
(2002–2004)
- Koloa Talake
- Monarch - Elizabeth II
- VanuatuVanuatuVanuatu , officially the Republic of Vanuatu , is an island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago, which is of volcanic origin, is some east of northern Australia, northeast of New Caledonia, west of Fiji, and southeast of the Solomon Islands, near New Guinea.Vanuatu was...
-- President - John BaniJohn BaniFather John Bennett Bani was the president and head of state of Vanuatu from 25 March 1999 until March 24, 2004.He resigned in 2004.He is an Anglican priest from Pentecost Island....
, President of VanuatuPresident of VanuatuThe President of Vanuatu is the head of state of Vanuatu. The President is elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and the presidents of the regional councils.The President's role is mostly ceremonial...
(1999–2004) - Prime Minister - Edward NatapeiEdward NatapeiEdward Nipake Natapei Tuta Fanua`araki is a politician from Vanuatu. He was elected Prime Minister of Vanuatu on two separate terms, and was previously the Minister of Foreign Affairs briefly in 1991, the acting President of Vanuatu from 2 March 1999 to 24 March 1999 , and Deputy Prime Minister...
, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (2001–2004)
- President - John Bani
- Wallis and FutunaWallis and FutunaWallis and Futuna, officially the Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands , is a Polynesian French island territory in the South Pacific between Tuvalu to the northwest, Rotuma of Fiji to the west, the main part of Fiji to the southwest, Tonga to the southeast,...
(French overseas territory)- Administrator-Superior -
- Alain Waquet, Administrator Superior of Wallis and FutunaAdministrator Superior of Wallis and FutunaThe Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna is the representative of the President of the French Republic in Wallis and Futuna. The current Administrator is Michel Jeanjean...
(2000–2002) - Christian Job, Administrator Superior of Wallis and FutunaAdministrator Superior of Wallis and FutunaThe Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna is the representative of the President of the French Republic in Wallis and Futuna. The current Administrator is Michel Jeanjean...
(2002–2005)
- Alain Waquet, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna
- President of the Territorial Assembly - Patalione KanimoaPatalione KanimoaPatalione Kanimoa was the President of the Territorial Assembly in the French government of the Wallis and Futuna dependency in the South Pacific. He was nominated by the French president Jacques Chirac on 18 January 2005.-References:...
, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and FutunaTerritorial Assembly of Wallis and FutunaWallis and Futuna elects on territorial level a legislature. The Territorial Assembly has 20 members, elected for a five year term by proportional representation in multi-seat constituencies....
(2001–2005)
- Administrator-Superior -
South America
- ArgentinaArgentinaArgentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
- President -
- Eduardo CamañoEduardo CamañoEduardo Oscar Camaño is an Argentine Justicialist Party politician. He was acting head of the executive branch of the country for two days between December 31, 2001 and January 1, 2002....
, Acting President of Argentina (2001–2002) - Eduardo DuhaldeEduardo Duhalde-External links:...
, President of Argentina (2002–2003)
- Eduardo Camaño
- President -
- BoliviaBoliviaBolivia officially known as Plurinational State of Bolivia , is a landlocked country in central South America. It is the poorest country in South America...
-- President -
- Jorge QuirogaJorge QuirogaJorge Fernando "Tuto" Quiroga Ramírez was President of Bolivia from August 7, 2001 to August 6, 2002. He is of Spanish descent.-Background and early life:...
, President of BoliviaPresident of BoliviaThe President of Bolivia is head of state and head of government of Bolivia. According to the current Constitution, the president is elected by popular vote to a five year term, renewable once...
(2001–2002) - Gonzalo Sánchez de LozadaGonzalo Sánchez de LozadaGonzalo Sánchez de Lozada y Sánchez de Bustamante , familiarly known as "Goni", is a Bolivian politician, businessman, and former President of Bolivia. A lifelong member of the Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario , he is credited for using "shock therapy", the economic theory championed by then...
, President of BoliviaPresident of BoliviaThe President of Bolivia is head of state and head of government of Bolivia. According to the current Constitution, the president is elected by popular vote to a five year term, renewable once...
(2002–2003)
- Jorge Quiroga
- President -
- BrazilBrazilBrazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
- President - Fernando Henrique CardosoFernando Henrique CardosoFernando Henrique Cardoso – also known by his initials FHC – was the 34th President of the Federative Republic of Brazil for two terms from January 1, 1995 to December 31, 2002. He is an accomplished sociologist, professor and politician...
, President of Brazil (1995–2003)
- President - Fernando Henrique Cardoso
- ChileChileChile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...
- President - Ricardo LagosRicardo LagosRicardo Froilán Lagos Escobar is a lawyer, economist and social democrat politician, who served as president of Chile from 2000 to 2006. He won the 1999-2000 presidential election by a narrow margin in a runoff over Independent Democrat Union candidate Joaquín Lavín...
, President of ChilePresident of ChileThe President of the Republic of Chile is both the head of state and the head of government of the Republic of Chile. The President is responsible of the government and state administration...
(2000–2006)
- President - Ricardo Lagos
- ColombiaColombiaColombia, officially the Republic of Colombia , is a unitary constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. The country is located in northwestern South America, bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the...
- President -
- Andrés Pastrana ArangoAndrés Pastrana ArangoAndrés Pastrana Arango was the President of Colombia from 1998 to 2002, following in the footsteps of his father, Misael Pastrana, who was president from 1970 to 1974.-Early years:...
, President of Colombia (1998–2002) - Álvaro UribeÁlvaro UribeAlvaro Uribe Vélez was the 58th President of Colombia, from 2002 to 2010. In August 2010 he was appointed Vice-chairman of the UN panel investigating the Gaza flotilla raid....
, President of Colombia (2002–2010)
- Andrés Pastrana Arango
- President -
- EcuadorEcuadorEcuador , officially the Republic of Ecuador is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is one of only two countries in South America, along with Chile, that do not have a border...
- President - Gustavo NoboaGustavo NoboaGustavo José Joaquín Noboa Bejarano is an Ecuadorian politician, former President of Ecuador and Vice President during Jamil Mahuad's government.- Education :...
, President of Ecuador (2000–2003)
- President - Gustavo Noboa
- Falkland IslandsFalkland IslandsThe Falkland Islands are an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean, located about from the coast of mainland South America. The archipelago consists of East Falkland, West Falkland and 776 lesser islands. The capital, Stanley, is on East Falkland...
(British overseas territory)- Governor -
- Donald Lamont, Governor of the Falkland IslandsGovernor of the Falkland IslandsThe Governor of the Falkland Islands is the representative of the British Crown in the Falkland Islands, acting "in Her Majesty's name and on Her Majesty's behalf" as the islands' de facto head of state in the absence of the British monarch...
(1999–2002) - Russ Jarvis, Acting Governor of the Falkland IslandsGovernor of the Falkland IslandsThe Governor of the Falkland Islands is the representative of the British Crown in the Falkland Islands, acting "in Her Majesty's name and on Her Majesty's behalf" as the islands' de facto head of state in the absence of the British monarch...
(2002–2006) - Howard PearceHoward PearceHis Excellency Howard John Stredder Pearce, CVO was Governor of the Falkland Islands and Civil Commissioner of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands until July 2006. He assumed both positions on 3 December 2002. Before his appointment, Pearce was High Commissioner to Malta from 1999 to 2002...
, Governor of the Falkland IslandsGovernor of the Falkland IslandsThe Governor of the Falkland Islands is the representative of the British Crown in the Falkland Islands, acting "in Her Majesty's name and on Her Majesty's behalf" as the islands' de facto head of state in the absence of the British monarch...
(2002–2006)
- Donald Lamont, Governor of the Falkland Islands
- Chief Executive - Michael BlanchMichael BlanchMichael Dennis Blanch TD is a British diplomat who served as Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands from January 2000 to March 2003, and again as interim Chief Executive from 12 September 2007 to 3 January 2008....
, Chief Executive of the Falkland IslandsChief Executive of the Falkland IslandsThe Chief Executive of the Falklands Islands is the head of government of the Falkland Islands, as well as head of the public service responsible for the efficient and effective management of the Falkland Islands Government...
(2000-2003)
- Governor -
- GuyanaGuyanaGuyana , officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, previously the colony of British Guiana, is a sovereign state on the northern coast of South America that is culturally part of the Anglophone Caribbean. Guyana was a former colony of the Dutch and of the British...
-- President - Bharrat JagdeoBharrat JagdeoBharrat Jagdeo is a Guyanese politician who has been President of Guyana since 11 August 1999. Prior to his presidency he was Minister of Finance and became President after Janet Jagan resigned for health reasons; subsequently he won two elections, in 2001 and 2006.Jagdeo was born in Unity Village...
, President of Guyana (1999–present) - Prime Minister - Sam HindsSam HindsSamuel Archibald Anthony Hinds is a Guyanese politician who has been Prime Minister of Guyana almost continuously since 1992...
, Prime Minister of Guyana (1999–present)
- President - Bharrat Jagdeo
- ParaguayParaguayParaguay , officially the Republic of Paraguay , is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. Paraguay lies on both banks of the Paraguay River, which runs through the center of the...
- President - Luis Ángel González MacchiLuis Ángel González MacchiLuis Ángel González Macchi was the President of Paraguay from 1999 until 2003.As the president of Paraguay's legislature, González Macchi succeeded to the office of president on March 29, 1999 following the assassination six days earlier of the Vice President, Luis María Argaña, and the subsequent...
, President of Paraguay (1999–2003)
- President - Luis Ángel González Macchi
- PeruPeruPeru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
- President - Alejandro ToledoAlejandro ToledoAlejandro Celestino Toledo Manrique is a politician who was President of Peru from 2001 to 2006. He was elected in April 2001, defeating former President Alan García...
, President of Peru (2001–2006) - Prime Minister -
- Roberto Dañino ZapataRoberto Dañino ZapataRoberto Dañino has served as Prime Minister of Peru and Ambassador to the United States. He has also served as Senior Vice President and General Counsel of the World Bank and has been a partner of the law firm Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering in Washington, D. C...
, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (2001–2002) - Luis Solari, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (2002–2003)
- Roberto Dañino Zapata
- President - Alejandro Toledo
- SurinameSurinameSuriname , officially the Republic of Suriname , is a country in northern South America. It borders French Guiana to the east, Guyana to the west, Brazil to the south, and on the north by the Atlantic Ocean. Suriname was a former colony of the British and of the Dutch, and was previously known as...
- President - Ronald VenetiaanRonald VenetiaanRonald Runaldo Venetiaan served as the 6th and 8th President of Suriname. His first term as president ran from 1991 to 1996 after which he lost in the elections to Jules Wijdenbosch...
, President of SurinamePresident of SurinameThe President of the Republic of Suriname is, in accordance with the Constitution of 1987, the head of state, head of government, and commander-in-chief of Suriname....
(2000–2010)
- President - Ronald Venetiaan
- UruguayUruguayUruguay ,officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay,sometimes the Eastern Republic of Uruguay; ) is a country in the southeastern part of South America. It is home to some 3.5 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the capital Montevideo and its metropolitan area...
- President - Jorge Batlle IbáñezJorge Batlle IbáñezJorge Luis Batlle Ibáñez is a politician from Uruguay, a member of the Colorado Party. He served as the President of Uruguay from 2000 to 2005....
, President of Uruguay (2000–2005)
- President - Jorge Batlle Ibáñez
- VenezuelaVenezuelaVenezuela , officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It borders Colombia to the west, Guyana to the east, and Brazil to the south...
- President -
- Hugo ChávezHugo ChávezHugo Rafael Chávez Frías is the 56th and current President of Venezuela, having held that position since 1999. He was formerly the leader of the Fifth Republic Movement political party from its foundation in 1997 until 2007, when he became the leader of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela...
, President of Venezuela (1999–2002) - Pedro CarmonaPedro CarmonaPedro Francisco Carmona Estanga is a former Venezuelan trade organization leader who was briefly declared President of Venezuela during an abortive 2002 military coup against Hugo Chávez. He occupied the office of President from April 12 to April 13...
, President of Venezuela (2002) - Diosdado CabelloDiosdado CabelloDiosdado Cabello Rondón is a Venezuelan politician. A former member of the armed forces, he was involved in Hugo Chávez's February 1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt. He became a leading member of Chavez's Movimiento V República , and remains a leading member of the United Socialist Party of...
, Interim President of Venezuela (2002) - Hugo ChávezHugo ChávezHugo Rafael Chávez Frías is the 56th and current President of Venezuela, having held that position since 1999. He was formerly the leader of the Fifth Republic Movement political party from its foundation in 1997 until 2007, when he became the leader of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela...
, President of Venezuela (2002–present)
- Hugo Chávez
- President -