Africa

•  Algeria -
  • President - Chadli Bendjedid
    Chadli Bendjedid
    Chadli Bendjedid was the sixth President of Algeria from February 9, 1979 to January 11, 1992.-Early career:...
    
    , President of Algeria (1979–1992)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Mouloud Hamrouche
       Mouloud Hamrouche
       Mouloud Hamrouche was the Prime Minister of Algeria from September 5, 1989 to June 5, 1991. He was born in Constantine, Algeria. He was a leading member of the FLN. However, after serving as prime minister of Algeria he became involved in serious disputes with other party leaders who he said were...
       
       , Prime Minister of Algeria
       Prime Minister of Algeria
       The Prime Minister is the head of government of Algeria.The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Algeria, along with other ministers and members of the government that the new Prime Minister recommends. The People's National Assembly must approve the legislative program of the new...
       
        (1989–1991)
    2. Sid Ahmed Ghozali
       Sid Ahmed Ghozali
       Sid Ahmed Ghozali is an Algerian politician. He was a member of the National Liberation Front party and an ally of former President Houari Boumedienne, under whom he served as head of Sonatrach from 1966 to 1977, when he became Minister of Energy and Industry...
       
       , Prime Minister of Algeria
       Prime Minister of Algeria
       The Prime Minister is the head of government of Algeria.The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Algeria, along with other ministers and members of the government that the new Prime Minister recommends. The People's National Assembly must approve the legislative program of the new...
       
        (1991–1992) Angola
       People's Republic of Angola
       The People's Republic of Angola was a self-declared socialist state that was established in 1975 after it was granted independence from Portugal, akin to the situation in Mozambique. The newly-founded nation enjoyed friendly relations with the Soviet Union, Cuba, and the People's Republic of...
       
       -
  • Communist Party Leader - José Eduardo dos Santos
    José Eduardo dos Santos
    José Eduardo dos Santos is an Angolan politician who has been the second and current President of Angola since 1979. As President, José Eduardo dos Santos is also the commander in chief of the Angolan Armed Forces and president of the MPLA , the party that has been ruling Angola since...
    
    , Secretary of the Popular Liberation Movement of Angola-Labor Party (1979–1991)
  • President - José Eduardo dos Santos
    José Eduardo dos Santos
    José Eduardo dos Santos is an Angolan politician who has been the second and current President of Angola since 1979. As President, José Eduardo dos Santos is also the commander in chief of the Angolan Armed Forces and president of the MPLA , the party that has been ruling Angola since...
    
    , President of Angola
    President of Angola
    The President of the Republic of Angola is both head of state and head of government in Angola. While the President appoints a Prime Minister, executive authority usually belongs to the President....
    
     (1979–present)
  • Prime Minister - Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem
    Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem
    Dr. Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem is an Angolan political figure who was the First Vice-President of the African Union's Pan-African Parliament...
    
    , Prime Minister of Angola
    Prime Minister of Angola
    The Prime Minister of Angola is a high government official in Angola, but is not the head of government.Along with the rest of the Council of Ministers, the Prime Minister is appointed by the President. The position was originally created when Angola achieved independence from Portugal on 11...
    
     (1991–1992)
•  Benin -
  • President -
    1. Mathieu Kérékou
       Mathieu Kérékou
       Mathieu Kérékou, was President of Benin from 1972 to 1991 and again from 1996 to 2006. After seizing power in a military coup, he ruled the country for 17 years, for most of that time under an officially Marxist-Leninist ideology, before he was stripped of his powers by the National Conference of...
       
       , President of Benin (1972–1991)
    2. Nicéphore Soglo
       Nicéphore Soglo
       Nicéphore Dieudonné Soglo is a Beninois politician who was Prime Minister of Benin from 1990 to 1991 and President from 1991 to 1996. He has been the Mayor of Cotonou since 2003.-Biography:Soglo was born in Togo...
       
       , President of Benin (1991–1996)
•  Botswana -
  • President - Sir Quett Masire
    Quett Masire
    Quett Ketumile Joni Masire, GCMG was the second President of Botswana for the Botswana Democratic Party from 1980 to 1998. He stepped down and was succeeded by the then Vice-President of Botswana, Festus Mogae, who became the third President of Botswana...
    
    , President of Botswana
    Heads of state of Botswana
    -Presidents of Botswana :- Affiliations :- See also :*Heads of government of Botswana*Vice-President of Botswana*Colonial heads of Botswana *Lists of office-holders...
    
     (1980–1998)
•  Burkina Faso -
  • Head of State - Blaise Compaoré
    Blaise Compaoré
    Blaise Compaoré has been the President of Burkina Faso since 1987 following a coup d'état that ousted then-President Thomas Sankara. In 2011, a mutiny by soldiers over unpaid housing allowances forced him to flee the capital for his hometown...
    
    , Head of State of Burkina Faso
    Heads of state of Burkina Faso
    -List of heads of state of Burkina Faso:-Affiliations:-Latest election:-See also:*Burkina Faso**Heads of government of Burkina Faso**Colonial heads of Burkina Faso...
    
     (1987–present)
•  Burundi -
  • President - Pierre Buyoya
    Pierre Buyoya
    Major Pierre Buyoya is a Burundian politician who has ruled Burundi twice, from 1987 to 1993 and from 1996 to 2003...
    
    , President of Burundi (1987–1993)
  • Prime Minister - Adrien Sibomana
    Adrien Sibomana
    Adrien Sibomana was the prime minister of Burundi from October 19, 1988 until July 10, 1993. He was a member of UPRONA. He is an ethnic Hutu and was appointed by the Tutsi President Pierre Buyoya in an unsuccessful attempt to appease Hutus by giving a few high government posts to them...
    
    , Prime Minister of Burundi
    Heads of government of Burundi
    -List of Heads of Government of Burundi:-Affiliations:-See also:*Burundi**Kings of Burundi**Presidents of Burundi**Vice-Presidents of Burundi**Provincial governors of Burundi...
    
     (1988–1993)
•  Cameroon -
  • President - Paul Biya
    Paul Biya
    Paul Biya is a Cameroonian politician who has been the President of Cameroon since 6 November 1982. A native of Cameroon's south, Biya rose rapidly as a bureaucrat under President Ahmadou Ahidjo in the 1960s, serving as Secretary-General of the Presidency from 1968 to 1975 and then as Prime...
    
    , President of Cameroon
    Heads of state of Cameroon
    -Presidents of Cameroon :-Affiliations:-Latest election:-See also:*Politics of Cameroon*Heads of government of Cameroon*Colonial heads of Cameroon...
    
     (1982–present)
  • Prime Minister - Sadou Hayatou
    Sadou Hayatou
    Sadou Hayatou is a former Cameroonian politician. Hayatou served as Prime Minister of Cameroon from 26 April 1991 to 9 April 1992.-Biography:Hayatou was born in Garoua...
    
    , Prime Minister of Cameroon
    Prime Minister of Cameroon
    Under the current constitution of Cameroon, the Prime Minister of Cameroon is a relatively powerless executive. While the Prime Minister is officially appointed to be the head of government, the President retains most of the executive power and can fire the Prime Minister at will.-History:The...
    
     (1991–1992)
•  Cape Verde -
  • President -
    1. Aristides Pereira
       Aristides Pereira
       Aristides Maria Pereira was the first President of Cape Verde, serving from 1975 to 1991.-Biography:Pereira was born on the island of Boa Vista. His first major government job was chief of telecommunications in Guinea-Bissau...
       
       , President of Cape Verde
       Heads of state of Cape Verde
       -Presidents of Cape Verde :-Affiliations:-Latest election:- See also :*Cape Verde**Heads of government of Cape Verde**Colonial heads of Cape Verde...
       
        (1975–1991)
    2. António Mascarenhas Monteiro
       António Mascarenhas Monteiro
       António Manuel Mascarenhas Gomes Monteiro was the President of Cape Verde from March 22, 1991 to March 22, 2001.-Education:Monteiro went to university in Belgium and graduated with his law degree from the Catholic University of Leuven...
       
       , President of Cape Verde
       Heads of state of Cape Verde
       -Presidents of Cape Verde :-Affiliations:-Latest election:- See also :*Cape Verde**Heads of government of Cape Verde**Colonial heads of Cape Verde...
       
        (1991–2001)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Pedro Pires
       Pedro Pires
       Pedro Verona Rodrigues Pires was the President of Cape Verde from March 2001 to September 2011. Before becoming President, he was Prime Minister from 1975 to 1991....
       
       , Prime Minister of Cape Verde
       Heads of government of Cape Verde
       -Prime Ministers of Cape Verde :-Affiliations:-See also:*Cape Verde**Heads of state of Cape Verde**Colonial heads of Cape Verde**List of political parties in Cape Verde...
       
        (1975–1991)
    2. Carlos Veiga
       Carlos Veiga
       Carlos Alberto Wahnon de Carvalho Veiga is a Cape Verdean politician. He was Prime Minister of Cape Verde from April 4, 1991 to July 29, 2000, and he unsuccessfully ran for President as the candidate of the Movement for Democracy in 2001 and 2006....
       
       , Prime Minister of Cape Verde
       Heads of government of Cape Verde
       -Prime Ministers of Cape Verde :-Affiliations:-See also:*Cape Verde**Heads of state of Cape Verde**Colonial heads of Cape Verde**List of political parties in Cape Verde...
       
        (1991–2000)
•  Central African Republic -
  • President - André Kolingba
    André Kolingba
    André-Dieudonné Kolingba was the fourth president of the Central African Republic , from 1 September 1981 until 1 October 1993. He took power from President David Dacko in a bloodless coup d'état in 1981 and lost power to Ange-Félix Patassé in a democratic election held in 1993...
    
    , President of the Central African Republic (1981–1993)
  • Prime Minister - Édouard Frank
    Edouard Frank
    Édouard Frank is a Central African magistrate and political figure. He was Prime Minister of the Central African Republic from 15 March 1991 to 4 December 1992.Frank presided over the 1986–1987 trial of former Emperor Jean-Bédel Bokassa...
    
    , Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (1991–1992)
•  Chad -
  • President - Idriss Déby
    Idriss Déby
    General Idriss Déby Itno is the President of Chad and the head of the Patriotic Salvation Movement. Déby is of the Bidyat clan of the Zaghawa ethnic group. He added "Itno" to his surname in January 2006.-Rise to power:...
    
    , President of Chad
    Heads of state of Chad
    -List of Heads of State of Chad:-Affiliations:-External links:**...
    
     (1990–present)
  • Prime Minister - Jean Alingué Bawoyeu
    Jean Alingué Bawoyeu
    Jean Alingué Bawoyeu , known in French as the vieux sage, which translates as "wise elder", is a Chadian politician. A Christian, his base of support is in Tandjilé, in southern Chad, from which he originates. He was President of the National Assembly in 1990 and then Prime Minister from 1991 to 1992...
    
    , Prime Minister of Chad (1991–1992)
•  Comoros -
  • President - Said Mohamed Djohar
    Said Mohamed Djohar
    Said Mohammed Djohar was a Comorian politician who served as President of the Comoros during the 1990s.-Climb to power:...
    
    , President of Comoros
    Heads of state of Comoros
    -List of Heads of State of the Comoros:- Affiliations :-See also:*Comoros**Heads of government of the Comoros**Colonial heads of the Comoros*Lists of office-holders...
    
     (1989–1995)   Congo
    People's Republic of the Congo
    The People's Republic of the Congo was a self-declared Marxist-Leninist socialist state that was established in 1970 in the Republic of the Congo...
    
    -
  • Communist Party Leader - Denis Sassou Nguesso
    Denis Sassou Nguesso
    Denis Sassou Nguesso is a Congolese politician who has been the President of Congo-Brazzaville since 1997; he was previously President from 1979 to 1992. During his first period as President, he headed the single-party regime of the Congolese Labour Party for 12 years...
    
    , Chairman of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Congolese Labor Party
    Congolese Party of Labour
    The Congolese Party of Labour , founded in 1969 by Marien Ngouabi, is the ruling political party of the Republic of the Congo...
    
     (1979–1991)
  • President - Denis Sassou Nguesso
    Denis Sassou Nguesso
    Denis Sassou Nguesso is a Congolese politician who has been the President of Congo-Brazzaville since 1997; he was previously President from 1979 to 1992. During his first period as President, he headed the single-party regime of the Congolese Labour Party for 12 years...
    
    , President of Congo
    Heads of state of the Republic of the Congo
    -List of Heads of State of the Republic of the Congo :-Affiliations:-See also:*Congo*Republic of the Congo**List of heads of government of the Republic of the Congo...
    
     (1979–1992)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Pierre Moussa
       Pierre Moussa
       Pierre Moussa is a Congolese politician, currently serving as Minister of the Economy and Planning. He served in the government from 1979 to 1991 and has again served in the government since 1997. He was Acting Prime Minister from December 1990 to January 1991.-Political career:Moussa was born in...
       
       , Acting Prime Minister of Congo (1990–1991)
    2. Louis Sylvain Goma
       Louis Sylvain Goma
       Louis Sylvain Goma is a Congolese politician. Goma was the Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo from 18 December 1975 to 7 August 1984 under three successive Heads of State: Marien Ngouabi, Jacques Yhombi-Opango, and Denis Sassou Nguesso.Prime Minister Henri Lopès and his government...
       
       , Prime Minister of Congo (1991)
    3. André Milongo
       André Milongo
       André Ntsatouabantou Milongo was a Congolese politician who served as Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo from June 1991 to August 1992. He was chosen by the 1991 National Conference to lead the country during its transition to multiparty elections, which were held in 1992...
       
       , Prime Minister of Congo (1991–1992)
•  Côte d'Ivoire -
  • President - Félix Houphouët-Boigny
    Félix Houphouët-Boigny
    Félix Houphouët-Boigny , affectionately called Papa Houphouët or Le Vieux, was the first President of Côte d'Ivoire. Originally a village chief, he worked as a doctor, an administrator of a plantation, and a union leader, before being elected to the French Parliament and serving in a number of...
    
    , President of Côte d'Ivoire
    Heads of state of Côte d'Ivoire
    -Presidents of Côte d'Ivoire :-Affiliations:-See also:*Côte d'Ivoire**Heads of government of Côte d'Ivoire**Colonial heads of the Côte d'Ivoire...
    
     (1960–1993)
  • Prime Minister - Alassane Ouattara
    Alassane Ouattara
    Alassane Dramane Ouattara is an Ivorian politician who has been President of Côte d'Ivoire since 2011. An economist by profession, Ouattara worked for the International Monetary Fund and the Central Bank of West African States , and he was the Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire from November 1990 to...
    
    , Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire
    Heads of government of Côte d'Ivoire
    -Prime Ministers of Côte d'Ivoire :-Affiliations:-Sources:*http://www.rulers.org* Guinness Book of Kings Rulers & Statesmen, Clive Carpenter, Guinness Superlatives Ltd...
    
     (1990–1993)
•  Djibouti -
  • President - Hassan Gouled Aptidon
    Hassan Gouled Aptidon
    Hassan Gouled Aptidon was the first President of Djibouti from 1977 to 1999.-Biography:...
    
    , President of Djibouti
    Heads of state of Djibouti
    -Presidents of Djibouti :-Affiliations:-See also:*Djibouti**Heads of government of Djibouti*French Territory of the Afars and the Issas *French Somaliland...
    
     (1977–1999)
  • Prime Minister - Barkat Gourad Hamadou
    Barkat Gourad Hamadou
    Barkat Gourad Hamadou was the Prime Minister of Djibouti from 2 October 1978 until 7 March 2001.-Political career:Hamadou is a member of the Afar ethnic group and was born in Dikhil Region, in the southwest of Djibouti...
    
    , Prime Minister of Djibouti
    Heads of government of Djibouti
    -Prime Ministers of Djibouti :-Affiliations:-See also:*Djibouti**Heads of state of Djibouti*French Territory of the Afars and the Issas *French Somaliland...
    
     (1978–2001)
•  Egypt -
  • President - Hosni Mubarak
    Hosni Mubarak
    Muhammad Hosni Sayyid Mubarak is a former Egyptian politician and military commander. He served as the fourth President of Egypt from 1981 to 2011....
    
    , President of Egypt
    President of Egypt
    The President of the Arab Republic of Egypt is the head of state of Egypt.Under the Constitution of Egypt, the president is also the supreme commander of the armed forces and head of the executive branch of the Egyptian government....
    
     (1981–2011)
  • Prime Minister - Atef Sedki
    Atef Sedki
    Atef Muhammad Naguib Sedki was the Prime Minister of Egypt from 1986 until 1996. He replaced Ali Mahmoud Lutfi on November 10, 1986.-Biography:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Egypt (1986–1996)
•  Equatorial Guinea -
  • President - Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
    Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
    Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo is an Equatoguinean politician who has been President of Equatorial Guinea since 1979. He ousted his uncle, Francisco Macías Nguema, in an August 1979 military coup and has overseen Equatorial Guinea's emergence as an important oil producer, beginning in the 1990s...
    
    , President of Equatorial Guinea
    Heads of state of Equatorial Guinea
    -Presidents of Equatorial Guinea :-Affiliations:-See also:*Equatorial Guinea**Heads of government of Equatorial Guinea...
    
     (1979–present)
  • Prime Minister - Cristino Seriche Bioko
    Cristino Seriche Bioko
    Cristino Seriche Bioko was the prime minister of Equatorial Guinea from August 15, 1982 to March 4, 1992.-References:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea
    Heads of government of Equatorial Guinea
    -Prime Ministers of Equatorial Guinea :-Affiliations:-See also:*Equatorial Guinea**Heads of state of Equatorial Guinea...
    
     (1982–1992)  Ethiopia
  • the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
    People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
    The People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia was the official name of Ethiopia from 1987 to 1991, as established by the Communist government of Mengistu Haile Mariam and the Workers' Party of Ethiopia...
    
     changed into Ethiopia
    Ethiopia
    Ethiopia , officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is the second-most populous nation in Africa, with over 82 million inhabitants, and the tenth-largest by area, occupying 1,100,000 km2...
    
     on 27 May 1991
  • Communist Party Leader - Mengistu Haile Mariam
    Mengistu Haile Mariam
    Mengistu Haile Mariam is a politician who was formerly the most prominent officer of the Derg, the Communist military junta that governed Ethiopia from 1974 to 1987, and the President of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia from 1987 to 1991...
    
    , General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Ethiopia
    Workers' Party of Ethiopia
    The Workers' Party of Ethiopia is a Communist party in Ethiopia that was, from 1984 to 1990, the only legal political party in the country.-The Commission to Organize the Party of the Workers of Ethiopia:...
    
     (1984–1991)
  • President -
    1. Mengistu Haile Mariam
       Mengistu Haile Mariam
       Mengistu Haile Mariam is a politician who was formerly the most prominent officer of the Derg, the Communist military junta that governed Ethiopia from 1974 to 1987, and the President of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia from 1987 to 1991...
       
       , President of Ethiopia (1977–1991)
    2. Tesfaye Gebre Kidan
       Tesfaye Gebre Kidan
       Tesfaye Gebre Kidan was an Ethiopian general who was President of Ethiopia for one week in late May 1991.Tesfaye was a student at Holetta Military Academy, where he met Mengistu Haile Mariam; according to Gebru Tareke, along with Legesse Asfaw and Gebreyes Wolde Hana Tesfaye was part of Mengistu's...
       
       , Acting President of Ethiopia (1991)
    3. Meles Zenawi
       Meles Zenawi
       Meles Zenawi Asres is the Prime Minister of Ethiopia. Since 1985, he has been chairman of the Tigrayan Peoples' Liberation Front , and is currently head of the ruling Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front .Meles was born in Adwa, Tigray in Northern Ethiopia, to an Ethiopian father from...
       
       , Interim President of Ethiopia (1991–1995)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Hailu Yimenu
       Hailu Yimenu
       Hailu Yimenu was acting prime minister of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia from November 8, 1989 until May 1991....
       
       , Acting Prime Minister of Ethiopia
       Heads of government of Ethiopia
       This page contains a list of the Prime Ministers of Ethiopia.-Heads of Government of Ethiopia :-Affiliations:-See also:*List of Emperors of Ethiopia...
       
        (1989–1991)
    2. Tesfaye Dinka
       Tesfaye Dinka
       Tesfaye Dinka Yadessa was Minister of Foreign Affairs , and acting Prime Minister of Ethiopia.Born in Ambo, Tesfaye is an ethnic Oromo. He attended high school in Ambo....
       
       , Acting Prime Minister of Ethiopia
       Heads of government of Ethiopia
       This page contains a list of the Prime Ministers of Ethiopia.-Heads of Government of Ethiopia :-Affiliations:-See also:*List of Emperors of Ethiopia...
       
        (1991)
    3. Tamirat Layne
       Tamirat Layne
       Tamirat Layne is an Ethiopian politician. During the 1980s, he was a leader of the Ethiopian People's Democratic Movement , one of the groups who fought against Ethiopian dictator Mengistu Haile Mariam in the Ethiopian Civil War.When Mengistu was overthrown in 1991, Layne became one of the...
       
       , Acting Prime Minister of Ethiopia
       Heads of government of Ethiopia
       This page contains a list of the Prime Ministers of Ethiopia.-Heads of Government of Ethiopia :-Affiliations:-See also:*List of Emperors of Ethiopia...
       
        (1991–1995)
  • Eritrea
    Eritrea
    Eritrea , officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa. Eritrea derives it's name from the Greek word Erethria, meaning 'red land'. The capital is Asmara. It is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast...
    
     (secessionist state)
    • Secretary-general of the Provisional Government - Isaias Afewerki
      Isaias Afewerki
      Isaias Afewerki is the first and current President of Eritrea, attaining that status when he led the Eritrean People's Liberation Front to victory in May 1991, thus ending the 30-year old armed liberation struggle that the Eritrean people refer to as "Gedli".-Early life and rise to power:Afewerki...
      
      , Secretary-general of the Provisional Government of Eritrea
      Heads of state of Eritrea
      This page contains a list of the heads of state of Eritrea.-Presidents of Eritrea :-Affiliations:-External links:*...
      
       (1991–present)
•  Gabon -
  • President - Omar Bongo
    Omar Bongo
    El Hadj Omar Bongo Ondimba , born as Albert-Bernard Bongo, was a Gabonese politician who was President of Gabon for 42 years from 1967 until his death in office in 2009....
    
    , President of Gabon
    Heads of state of Gabon
    -Presidents of Gabon :-Affiliations:-Sources:* http://www.rulers.org/rulg1.html#gabon...
    
     (1967–2009)
  • Prime Minister - Casimir Oyé-Mba
    Casimir Oyé-Mba
    Casimir Marie Ange Oyé-Mba is a Gabonese politician. After serving as Governor of the Bank of Central African States from 1978 to 1990, Oyé-Mba was Prime Minister of Gabon from 3 May 1990 to 2 November 1994...
    
    , Prime Minister of Gabon
    Heads of government of Gabon
    -Prime Ministers of Gabon :-Affiliations:- Sources :* http://www.rulers.org/rulg1.html#gabon...
    
     (1990–1994)
•  The Gambia -
  • President - Sir Dawda Jawara
    Dawda Jawara
    Sir Dawda Kairaba Jawara, GCMG was the first leader of The Gambia, serving first as Prime Minister from 1962 to 1970 and then as President from 1970 to 1994....
    
    , President of The Gambia
    Heads of state of the Gambia
    -Heads of State of The Gambia :-Affiliations:*PPP - People's Progressive Party*APRC - Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction*Mil - Military of the Gambia...
    
     (1970–1994)
•  Ghana
  • Head of State - Jerry Rawlings
    Jerry Rawlings
    Jerry John Rawlings is a former leader of the Republic of Ghana and now the African Union envoy to Somalia. Rawlings ruled Ghana as a military dictator in 1979 and from 1981 to 1992 and then as the first elected president of the Fourth Republic from 1993 to 2001...
    
    , Chairman of the Provisional National Defence Council of Ghana
    President of Ghana
    The President of Ghana is the elected head of state and head of government of Ghana. Officially styled President of the Republic of Ghana and Commander-in-Chief of the Ghanaian Armed Forces. The current President of Ghana is Prof. John Atta Mills, who took office in January...
    
     (1981–2001)
•  Guinea -
  • President - Lansana Conté
    Lansana Conté
    Lansana Conté was the second President of Guinea from 3 April 1984 until his death. He was a Muslim and a member of the Susu ethnic group.-Early life:...
    
    , President of Guinea
    Heads of state of Guinea
    -List of Heads of State of Guinea:For Colonial Heads prior to independence, see: Colonial Heads of Guinea-Affiliations:-Latest election:-See also:*Guinea**Colonial Heads of Guinea...
    
     (1984–2008)
•  Guinea-Bissau -
  • Head of State - João Bernardo Vieira
    João Bernardo Vieira
    João Bernardo "Nino" Vieira was the President of Guinea-Bissau from 1980 to 1999 and again from 2005 to 2009. After seizing power in 1980, Vieira ruled for 19 years, and he won a multiparty presidential election in 1994. He was ousted at the end of the 1998–1999 civil war and went into exile...
    
    , Chairman of the Council of State of Guinea-Bissau
    Heads of state of Guinea-Bissau
    -Presidents of Guinea-Bissau :-Affiliations:-Latest election:-See also:*Guinea-Bissau**List of heads of government of Guinea-Bissau...
    
     (1984–1999)
  • Prime Minister - Carlos Correia
    Carlos Correia
    Carlos Correia is a Guinea-Bissau politician. He was Prime Minister from 27 December 1991 to 26 October 1994, from 6 June 1997 to 3 December 1998, and from 5 August 2008 to 25 December 2008....
    
    , Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau
    Heads of government of Guinea-Bissau
    -Prime Ministers of Guinea-Bissau :-Affiliations:-See also:*Guinea-Bissau**List of heads of state of Guinea-Bissau**List of colonial heads of Portuguese Guinea...
    
     (1991–1994)
•  Kenya -
  • President - Daniel arap Moi
    Daniel arap Moi
    Daniel Toroitich arap Moi was the President of Kenya from 1978 until 2002.Daniel arap Moi is popularly known to Kenyans as 'Nyayo', a Swahili word for 'footsteps'...
    
    , President of Kenya
    Heads of state of Kenya
    -Heads of State of Kenya :-Affiliations:*KANU - Kenya African National Union*PNU - Party of National Unity-Latest election:-See also:*List of colonial heads of Kenya*Kenya**Heads of Government of Kenya**Vice-Presidents of Kenya...
    
     (1978–2002)
•  Lesotho -
  • Monarch - Letsie III
    Letsie III of Lesotho
    Letsie III is the reigning king of Lesotho. He succeeded his father, Moshoeshoe II, when the latter was forced into exile in 1990. His father was briefly restored in 1995 but soon died in a car crash in early 1996, and Letsie became king again...
    
    , King of Lesotho (1990–1995)
  • Head of Government -
    1. Justin Lekhanya
       Justin Lekhanya
       Retired General Justin Metsing Lekhanya was the prime minister, defense minister and chairman of the military council of Lesotho from January 24 1986 until May 2 1991...
       
       , Chairman of the Military Council of Lesotho (1986–1991)
    2. Elias Phisoana Ramaema
       Elias Phisoana Ramaema
       Major-General Elias Phisoana Ramaema was Chairman of the Military Council and Council of Ministers of Lesotho from 2 May 1991 to 2 April 1993.-References:...
       
       , Chairman of the Military Council of Lesotho (1991–1993)
•  Liberia -
  • Head of State - Amos Sawyer
    Amos Sawyer
    Dr. Amos Claudius Sawyer was the President of the Interim Government of National Unity in Liberia . Sawyer was born to Abel Sawyer and Sarah Sawyer in 1945, of Sarpo ethnicity; his siblings include Joe Sawyer; the Sawyers were a prominent family in Sinoe County...
    
    , President of the Interim Government of National Unity of Liberia (1990–1994)
•   Libya
  • De facto Head of State - Muammar Gaddafi
    Muammar Gaddafi
    Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar Gaddafi or "September 1942" 20 October 2011), commonly known as Muammar Gaddafi or Colonel Gaddafi, was the official ruler of the Libyan Arab Republic from 1969 to 1977 and then the "Brother Leader" of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011.He seized power in a...
    
    , Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1969–2011)
  • Nominal Head of State - Abdul Razzaq as-Sawsa
    Abdul Razzaq as-Sawsa
    Abdul Razzaq as-Sawsa was a former Head of State of Libya from 7 October 1990 to 18 November 1992.-References:...
    
    , General Secretary of the General People's Congress of Libya (1990–1992)
  • Head of Government - Abuzed Omar Dorda
    Abuzed Omar Dorda
    Abuzed Omar Dorda was General Secretary of the People's Committee of Libya from 7 October 1990 to 29 January 1994, and as Libya's Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 1997 to 2003....
    
    , General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (1990–1994)
•  Madagascar -
  • President - Didier Ratsiraka
    Didier Ratsiraka
    Vice Admiral Didier Ratsiraka is a Malagasy politician who was President of Madagascar from 1975 to 1993 and from 1997 to 2002.-Second Republic:...
    
    , President of Madagascar (1975–1993)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Victor Ramahatra
       Victor Ramahatra
       Victor Ramahatra is a former politician in Madagascar. During the presidency of Didier Ratsiraka, Ramahatra served as Prime Minister of Madagascar from 12 February 1988 until 8 August 1991, replacing long-time Prime Minister Désiré Rakotoarijaona. When Ratsiraka returned to office in 1997,...
       
       , Prime Minister of Madagascar (1988–1991)
    2. Guy Razanamasy
       Guy Razanamasy
       Guy Willy Razanamasy was a former Malagasy politician.Born in Antananarivo, Razanamasy worked as a pharmacist and drug manufacturer before becoming the director of pharmacological society of " cofarma " and entering politics...
       
       , Prime Minister of Madagascar (1991–1993)
•  Malawi -
  • President - Hastings Banda
    Hastings Banda
    Hastings Kamuzu Banda was the leader of Malawi and its predecessor state, Nyasaland, from 1961 to 1994. After receiving much of his education overseas, Banda returned to his home country to speak against colonialism and advocate for independence...
    
    , President for Life of Malawi
    Heads of state of Malawi
    -Heads of State of Malawi :-Affiliations:*MCP - Malawi Congress Party*UDF - United Democratic Front*DPP - Democratic Progressive Party-See also:...
    
     (1966–1994)
•  Mali -
  • Head of State -
    1. Moussa Traoré
       Moussa Traoré
       General Moussa Traoré is a Malian soldier and politician. As a Lieutenant, he led the military ouster of President Modibo Keïta in 1968. Thereafter he served as Head of State from 1968-1979, and President of Mali from 1979 to 1991, when he was overthrown by popular protests and military coup...
       
       , President of Mali
       Heads of state of Mali
       -List of Heads of State of Mali:-Affiliations:-See also:*Heads of Government of Mali*Colonial Heads of Mali*Lists of incumbents*Elections in Mali ...
       
        (1968–1991)
    2. Amadou Toumani Touré
       Amadou Toumani Touré
       Amadou Toumani Touré is the president of Mali. He overthrew a military ruler, Moussa Traoré in 1991, then handed power to civilian authorities the next year...
       
       , Chairman of the Transitional Committee for the Salvation of the People of Mali
       Heads of state of Mali
       -List of Heads of State of Mali:-Affiliations:-See also:*Heads of Government of Mali*Colonial Heads of Mali*Lists of incumbents*Elections in Mali ...
       
        (1991–1992)
  • Prime Minister - Soumana Sacko
    Soumana Sacko
    Dr. Soumana Sako is a Malian politician and economist. Sacko served as Prime Minister from 9 April 1991 to 9 June 1992 during the first and transitional presidency of Amadou Toumani Touré.-Other positions:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Mali
    Heads of government of Mali
    -List of Heads of Government of Mali:-Affiliations:-External links:*...
    
     (1991–1992)
•  Mauritania -
  • Head of State - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
    Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
    Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya , was Prime Minister of Mauritania from 1981 to 1984 and president from 1984 to 2005. He guided Mauritania from military rule to democracy, and took a pro-Western stance in foreign affairs...
    
    , Head of State of Mauritania (1984–2005)
  • Prime Minister - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
    Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
    Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya , was Prime Minister of Mauritania from 1981 to 1984 and president from 1984 to 2005. He guided Mauritania from military rule to democracy, and took a pro-Western stance in foreign affairs...
    
    , Prime Minister of Mauritania
    Heads of government of Mauritania
    -List of Heads of Government of Mauritania:-Affiliations:-See also:*Mauritania**Heads of State of Mauritania**Colonial Heads of Mauritania*Lists of office-holders-External links:*...
    
     (1984–1992) Mauritius
    Mauritius (commonwealth realm)
    The commonwealth realm of Mauritius, known simply officially as 'Mauritius', was a predecessor to modern-day Republic of Mauritius and an independent state that existed between 1968 and 1992. When British rule ended in 1968, Mauritius was given independence as a commonwealth realm in which form the...
    
    
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Mauritius (1968–1992)
  • Governor-General - Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo
    Veerasamy Ringadoo
    Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo, GCMG, GCSK, QC, was the Governor General of Mauritius from 17 January 1986 to 12 March 1992, when it became a republic. Ringadoo then served as President until later in 1992, when he was replaced by the democratically elected Cassam Uteem. He is a Tamil by origin and a Hindu...
    
    , Governor-General of Mauritius (1986–1992)
  • Prime Minister - Sir Anerood Jugnauth
    Anerood Jugnauth
    Sir Anerood Jugnauth , KCMG, QC, GCSK, PC, LLB, GOLH, GOP, ORS is the President of Mauritius and all its dependencies...
    
    , Prime Minister of Mauritius (1982–1995) (Territorial collectivity of France)
  • Prefect - Jean-Paul Coste, Prefect of Mayotte (1990–1993)
  • President of the General Council -
    1. Younoussa Bamana
       Younoussa Bamana
       Younoussa Bamana was a politician from Mayotte who served in the French National Assembly from 1978-1981 .- references :*...
       
       , President of the General Council of Mayotte
       General Council of Mayotte
       Mayotte elects on territorial level a legislature. The General Council has 19 members, elected for a three year term in single seat constituencies.- Presidents of the General Council:* Younoussa Bamana : 6 July 1977 – March 1991...
       
        (1976–1991)
    2. Hamissi Hassane, President of the General Council of Mayotte
       General Council of Mayotte
       Mayotte elects on territorial level a legislature. The General Council has 19 members, elected for a three year term in single seat constituencies.- Presidents of the General Council:* Younoussa Bamana : 6 July 1977 – March 1991...
       
        (1991)
    3. Younoussa Bamana
       Younoussa Bamana
       Younoussa Bamana was a politician from Mayotte who served in the French National Assembly from 1978-1981 .- references :*...
       
       , President of the General Council of Mayotte
       General Council of Mayotte
       Mayotte elects on territorial level a legislature. The General Council has 19 members, elected for a three year term in single seat constituencies.- Presidents of the General Council:* Younoussa Bamana : 6 July 1977 – March 1991...
       
        (1991–2004)
•  Morocco -
  • Monarch - Hassan II
    Hassan II of Morocco
    King Hassan II l-ḥasan aṯ-ṯānī, dial. el-ḥasan ettâni); July 9, 1929 – July 23, 1999) was King of Morocco from 1961 until his death in 1999...
    
    , King of Morocco (1961–1999)
  • Prime Minister - Azzeddine Laraki
    Azzeddine Laraki
    Azzeddine Laraki was the Prime Minister of Morocco between September 30, 1986 and August 11, 1992. He was born in Fes and died in Rabat, Morocco. - References :...
    
    , Prime Minister of Morocco (1986–1992)
  •   Western Sahara
    Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
    The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is a partially recognised state that claims sovereignty over the entire territory of Western Sahara, a former Spanish colony. SADR was proclaimed by the Polisario Front on February 27, 1976, in Bir Lehlu, Western Sahara. The SADR government controls about...
    
     (self-declared, partially recognized state)
    • President - Mohamed Abdelaziz
      Mohamed Abdelaziz
      Mohamed Abdelaziz is the 3rd and current Secretary General of the Polisario Front and President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic since 1976...
      
      , President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
      President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
      The President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is the head of state of the self-proclaimed Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic , an exile government based in the refugee camps of Tindouf, Algeria. From the declaration of independence on February 27, 1976 to October 16, 1982 SADR's Head of State...
      
       (1976–present)
    • Prime Minister - Mahfoud Ali Beiba
      Mahfoud Ali Beiba
      Mahfoud Laroussi Ali Beiba was a Sahrawi nationalist politician and co-founder of the Polisario Front, an organisation that seeks independence for Western Sahara...
      
      , Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
      Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
      The Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is the head of government of the SADR, while the President is the head of state. The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic was proclaimed in the territory that made up the Spanish colony of Spanish Sahara on February 27, 1976...
      
       (1988–1993)
•  Mozambique -
  • President - Joaquim Chissano
    Joaquim Chissano
    Joaquim Alberto Chissano served as the second President of Mozambique for nineteen years from 6 November 1986 until 2 February 2005. Since stepping down as president, Chissano has become an elder statesman and is called upon by international bodies, such as the United Nations, to be an envoy or...
    
    , President of Mozambique
    Heads of state of Mozambique
    -Presidents of Mozambique :-Affiliations:FRELIMO = Frente de Libertação de Moçambique...
    
     (1986–2005)
  • Prime Minister - Mário da Graça Machungo
    Mário da Graça Machungo
    Mário Fernandes da Graça Machungo is a Mozambican politician. He was Planning Minister from at least 1984 to 1986, when he became Prime Minister of the country from 17 July 1986 to 16 December 1994.-References:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Mozambique
    Heads of government of Mozambique
    -Prime Ministers of Mozambique :-Affiliations:FRELIMO = Frente da Libertação de Moçambique RENAMO = Resistencia Nacional Moçambicana -See also:*Colonial Heads of Mozambique*Heads...
    
     (1986–1994)
•  Namibia -
  • President - Sam Nujoma
    Sam Nujoma
    Samuel Daniel Shafiishuna Nujoma is a Namibian politician who was the first President of Namibia from 1990 to 2005. He led the South-West Africa People's Organisation in its long struggle against South African rule and took office as President when Namibia obtained independence on 21 March 1990...
    
    , President of Namibia (1990–2005)
  • Prime Minister - Hage Geingob
    Hage Geingob
    Hage Geingob is a Namibian politician who was the first Prime Minister of Namibia following its independence, serving from 1990 to 2002...
    
    , Prime Minister of Namibia
    Prime Minister of Namibia
    -Prime Ministers of Namibia :-See also:*Namibia**Politics of Namibia**List of colonial heads of Namibia **List of Presidents of Namibia...
    
     (1990–2002)
•  Niger -
  • President - Ali Saïbou
    Ali Saibou
    Ali Saibou was the third President of Niger from 1987 to 1993 succeeding the deceased Seyni Kountché.A member of the Djerma people, he was born in Dingajibanda, a village in the Ouallam arrondissement. Although from Kountché's home village, Saibou is not a cousin...
    
    , President of Niger
    Heads of state of Niger
    -List of Heads of State of Niger:-Affiliations:-See also:*Niger*List of colonial heads of Niger*Heads of Government of Niger*Lists of Incumbents-References:*...
    
     (1987–1993)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Aliou Mahamidou
       Aliou Mahamidou
       Aliou Mahamidou was a Nigerien politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Niger from 2 March 1990 to 27 October 1991.He have 5 children...
       
       , Prime Minister of Niger
       Heads of government of Niger
       -List of Heads of Government of Niger:-Affiliations:-See also:*Niger*List of colonial heads of Niger*Heads of State of Niger*Lists of Incumbents-References:*...
       
        (1990–1991)
    2. Amadou Cheiffou
       Amadou Cheiffou
       Amadou Cheiffou is a Nigerien politician. He was the transitional Prime Minister of Niger from 26 October 1991 to 17 April 1993...
       
       , Prime Minister of Niger
       Heads of government of Niger
       -List of Heads of Government of Niger:-Affiliations:-See also:*Niger*List of colonial heads of Niger*Heads of State of Niger*Lists of Incumbents-References:*...
       
        (1991–1993)
•  Nigeria -
  • Head of State - Ibrahim Babangida
    Ibrahim Babangida
    General Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida CFR DSS mni , popularly known as IBB, was a Nigerian Army officer and military ruler of Nigeria...
    
    , President of the Armed Forces Ruling Council of Nigeria
    President of Nigeria
    The President of Nigeria is the Head of State and head of the national executive. Officially styled President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and Commander-in-Chief of the Nigerian Armed Forces. The current President of Nigeria is Goodluck Jonathan.-History:On October 1, 1960, Nigeria gained...
    
     (1985–1993)
•  Rwanda -
  • President - Juvénal Habyarimana
    Juvénal Habyarimana
    Juvénal Habyarimana was the third President of the Republic of Rwanda, the post he held longer than any other president to date, from 1973 until 1994. During his 20-year rule he favored his own ethnic group, the Hutus, and supported the Hutu majority in neighboring Burundi against the Tutsi...
    
    , President of Rwanda (1973–1994)
  • Prime Minister - Sylvestre Nsanzimana
    Sylvestre Nsanzimana
    Sylvestre Nsanzimana served as Prime Minister of Rwanda from 12 October 1991 to 2 April 1992.He also served as Rwanda's Foreign Minister from 1969 to 1971.-References:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Rwanda
    Prime Minister of Rwanda
    -List of Prime Ministers of Rwanda:-Affiliations:*Parmehutu - Party of the Hutu Emancipation Movement*MRND - National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development...
    
     (1991–1992) (British overseas territory)
  • Governor -
    1. Robert F Stimson, Governor of Saint Helena
       Governor of Saint Helena
       The Governor of Saint Helena is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha...
       
        (1988–1991)
    2. Alan Hoole, Governor of Saint Helena
       Governor of Saint Helena
       The Governor of Saint Helena is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha...
       
        (1991–1995)
•  São Tomé and Príncipe -
  • President -
    1. Manuel Pinto da Costa
       Manuel Pinto da Costa
       Manuel Pinto da Costa is a Santoméan economist and politician who served as the first President of São Tomé and Príncipe from 1975 to 1991. He was again elected as President in August 2011 and took office on 3 September 2011....
       
       , President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1975–1991)
    2. Leonel Mário d'Alva
       Leonel Mário d'Alva
       Leonel Mário d'Alva is a São Toméan politician. He served as Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe from 21 December 1974 until 12 July 1975, when the country gained independence from Portugal....
       
       , Interim Head of State of São Tomé and Príncipe (1991)
    3. Miguel Trovoada
       Miguel Trovoada
       Miguel dos Anjos da Cunha Lisboa Trovoada was Prime Minister and President of São Tomé and Príncipe. Currently he is the Executive Secretary of the Gulf of Guinea Commission.-Background:...
       
       , President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1991–1995)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Celestino Rocha da Costa
       Celestino Rocha da Costa
       Celestino Rocha da Costa is a former prime minister of São Tomé and Príncipe. He held the post from 8 January 1988 to 7 February 1991. He was the last head of a single party Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe government....
       
       , Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe
       Heads of government of São Tomé and Príncipe
       -Prime Ministers of São Tomé and Príncipe :-Affiliations:-See also:*São Tomé and Príncipe**Heads of State of São Tomé and Príncipe...
       
        (1988–1991)
    2. Daniel Daio, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe
       Heads of government of São Tomé and Príncipe
       -Prime Ministers of São Tomé and Príncipe :-Affiliations:-See also:*São Tomé and Príncipe**Heads of State of São Tomé and Príncipe...
       
        (1991–1992)
•  Senegal -
  • President - Abdou Diouf
    Abdou Diouf
    Abdou Diouf was the second President of Senegal, serving from 1981 to 2000. Diouf is notable both for coming to power by peaceful succession, and leaving willingly after losing the 2000 presidential election to Abdoulaye Wade...
    
    , President of Senegal (1981–2000)
  • Prime Minister - Habib Thiam
    Habib Thiam
    Habib Thiam is a Senegalese politician. He served as Prime Minister of the country on two occasions, from 1 January 1981 to 3 April 1983, and again from 8 April 1991 until 3 July 1998....
    
    , Prime Minister of Senegal
    Prime Minister of Senegal
    The Prime Minister of Senegal is the head of government of Senegal. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Senegal, who is directly elected for a five year term. The Prime Minister, in turn, appoints the Senegalese cabinet, after consultation with the President.This is a list of the...
    
     (1991–1998)
•  Seychelles -
  • President - France-Albert René
    France-Albert René
    France-Albert René was the long-time socialist President of Seychelles from 1977 to 2004. He is known by government officials and party members as "the Boss". His name is often given as simply Albert René or F.A...
    
    , President of Seychelles (1977–2004)
•  Sierra Leone -
  • President - Joseph Saidu Momoh
    Joseph Saidu Momoh
    Major General Joseph Saidu Momoh was the President of Sierra Leone from November, 1985 to April 29, 1992.- Biography :...
    
    , President of Sierra Leone
    Heads of government of Sierra Leone
    The following is a list of heads of government of Sierra Leone from 1954 until 1978, when a single party constitution was adopted, and President of Sierra Leone became head of government as well.-Heads of Government of Sierra Leone:-See also:...
    
     (1985–1992)
•  Somalia -
  • Somali Democratic Republic
    Somali Democratic Republic
    The Somali Democratic Republic was the name that the communist regime of former President of Somalia Major General Mohamed Siad Barre gave to Somalia after seizing power during a bloodless coup d'état in 1969...
    
     superseded by the Somali Republic
    Somalia
    Somalia , officially the Somali Republic and formerly known as the Somali Democratic Republic under Socialist rule, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. Since the outbreak of the Somali Civil War in 1991 there has been no central government control over most of the country's territory...
    
     on 21 July 1991
  • Communist Party Leader - Siad Barre
    Siad Barre
    Mohamed Siad Barre was the military dictator and President of the Somali Democratic Republic from 1969 to 1991. During his rule, he styled himself as Jaalle Siyaad ....
    
    , Secretary-general of the Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party
    Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party
    The Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party was the governing political party in Somalia from 1976 to 1991.- History :XHKS was created by the military regime of Siad Barre under Soviet guidance. A founding congress was held in June 1976. The congress elected a Central Committee, with Barre as the...
    
     (1976–1991)
  • President -
    1. Siad Barre
       Siad Barre
       Mohamed Siad Barre was the military dictator and President of the Somali Democratic Republic from 1969 to 1991. During his rule, he styled himself as Jaalle Siyaad ....
       
       , President of Somalia (1969–1991)
    2. Ali Mahdi Muhammad
       Ali Mahdi Muhammad
       Ali Mahdi Muhammad was president of Somalia from January 1991 to November 1991. He rose to power when Mohamed Farrah Aidid forced then president Mohamed Siad Barre out of office. Muhammad, however, was not able in that time to exert control over the country...
       
       , Interim President of Somalia (1991)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Muhammad Hawadle Madar
       Muhammad Hawadle Madar
       Muhammad Hawadle Madar was the Prime Minister of Somalia from September 3, 1990 to January 24, 1991. A former member of the Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party, he was in office for a few months before the outbreak of the Somali Civil War....
       
       , Prime Minister of Somalia
       Prime Minister of Somalia
       This page contains a list of the Prime Ministers of Somalia.-Prime Ministers of Somalia :-Affiliations:*SYL - Somali Youth League*SNL - Somali National League...
       
        (1990–1991)
    2. Umar Arteh Ghalib
       Umar Arteh Ghalib
       Umar Arteh Ghalib or Omer Carte Qalib is a prominent Somali politician and a former Prime Minister of Somalia from January 24, 1991 to May 1993.-Biography:...
       
       , Prime Minister of Somalia
       Prime Minister of Somalia
       This page contains a list of the Prime Ministers of Somalia.-Prime Ministers of Somalia :-Affiliations:*SYL - Somali Youth League*SNL - Somali National League...
       
        (1991–1997)
  •  Somaliland (unrecognized secessionist state)
    • declared independence on 24 May 1991
    • President - Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur
      Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur
      For the Somali politician executed for apostasy in 2009, see Abdirahman AhmedAbdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur was a Somali politician...
      
      , President of Somaliland (1991–1993)
•  South Africa -
  • President - F. W. de Klerk, State President of South Africa
    State President of South Africa
    State President, or Staatspresident in Afrikaans, was the title of South Africa's head of state from 1961 to 1994. The office was established when the country became a republic in 1961, and Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be head of state...
    
     (1989–1994)
•  Sudan -
  • Head of State - Omar al-Bashir
    Omar al-Bashir
    Lieutenant General Omar Hassan Ahmad Al-Bashir is the current President of Sudan and the head of the National Congress Party. He came to power in 1989 when he, as a brigadier in the Sudanese army, led a group of officers in a bloodless military coup that ousted the government of Prime Minister...
    
    , Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation of Sudan (1989–present)
•  Swaziland -
  • Monarch - Mswati III
    Mswati III of Swaziland
    Mswati III is the King of Swaziland and head of the Swazi Royal Family. In 1986, he succeeded his father Sobhuza II as ruler of the southern African kingdom...
    
    , King of Swaziland (1986–present)
  • Prime Minister - Obed Dlamini
    Obed Dlamini
    Obed Mfanyana Dlamini was Prime Minister of Swaziland from 12 July 1989 to 25 October 1993. He is currently a member of Liqoqo , and is one of the two members in the council to have an affiliation to a political party. He is a member of the Ngwane National Liberatory Congress...
    
    , Prime Minister of Swaziland
    Heads of government of Swaziland
    -Heads of Government:-See also:*List of kings of Swaziland*lists of incumbents...
    
     (1989–1993)
•  Tanzania -
  • President - Ali Hassan Mwinyi
    Ali Hassan Mwinyi
    Ali Hassan Mwinyi is a Tanzanian politician. He was the second President of the United Republic of Tanzania from 1985 to 1995. Previous posts include Interior Minister and Vice President...
    
    , President of Tanzania (1985–1995)
  • Prime Minister - John Malecela
    John Malecela
    John Samuel Malecela in Bugiri Dodoma, was Prime Minister of Tanzania from 1990-11-09–1994-12-07. He served as the vice-chairman of the CCM from 1995 to 2007, and a member of the CCM Central Committee to date....
    
    , Prime Minister of Tanzania (1990–1994)
•  Togo -
  • President - Gnassingbé Eyadéma
    Gnassingbé Eyadéma
    General Gnassingbé Eyadéma , was the President of Togo from 1967 until his death in 2005. He participated in two successful military coups, in January 1963 and January 1967, and became President on April 14, 1967...
    
    , President of Togo (1967–2005)
  • Prime Minister - Joseph Kokou Koffigoh
    Joseph Kokou Koffigoh
    Joseph Kokou Koffigoh is a Togolese politician who served as Prime Minister of Togo from 27 August 1991 to 25 April 1994. Elected as Prime Minister by the opposition-dominated National Conference in 1991, Koffigoh was given full executive powers and tasked with overseeing a transition to...
    
    , Prime Minister of Togo
    Heads of government of Togo
    -Prime Ministers of Togo :-Affiliations:*CAR *CFN *CPP...
    
     (1991–1994)
•  Tunisia -
  • President - Zine El Abidine Ben Ali
    Zine El Abidine Ben Ali
    Zine El Abidine Ben Ali is a Tunisian political figure who was the second President of Tunisia from 1987 to 2011. Ben Ali was appointed Prime Minister in October 1987, and he assumed the Presidency on 7 November 1987 in a bloodless coup d'état that ousted President Habib Bourguiba, who was...
    
    , President of Tunisia (1987–2011)
  • Prime Minister - Hamed Karoui
    Hamed Karoui
    Hamed Karoui was Prime Minister of Tunisia from 27 September 1989 to 17 November 1999. From 1986 to 1987 he was Minister of Youth and Sports and from 1988 to 1989 he was Minister of Justice. He was a member of the Constitutional Democratic Rally party.-References:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Tunisia
    Prime Minister of Tunisia
    The Prime Minister of the Tunisian Republic is the head of government of Tunisia. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Tunisia...
    
     (1989–1999)
•  Uganda -
  • President - Yoweri Museveni
    Yoweri Museveni
    Yoweri Kaguta Museveni is a Ugandan politician and statesman. He has been President of Uganda since 26 January 1986.Museveni was involved in the war that deposed Idi Amin Dada, ending his rule in 1979, and in the rebellion that subsequently led to the demise of the Milton Obote regime in 1985...
    
    , President of Uganda
    President of Uganda
    -List of Presidents of Uganda:-Affiliations:-See also:*Uganda*Vice President of Uganda*Prime Minister of Uganda*Politics of Uganda*History of Uganda*Political parties of Uganda...
    
     (1986–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Samson Kisekka
       Samson Kisekka
       Samson Babi Mululu Kisekka was a Vice President of Uganda. He also worked as a medical doctor, politician and diplomat. He was closely associated with Yoweri Museveni and served as prime minister and vice-president under him....
       
       , Prime Minister of Uganda
       Prime Minister of Uganda
       -List of Prime Ministers of Uganda:-Affiliations:-See also:*Uganda*President of Uganda*Vice President of Uganda*Politics of Uganda*History of Uganda*Political parties of Uganda...
       
        (1986–1991)
    2. George Cosmas Adyebo
       George Cosmas Adyebo
       George Cosmas Adyebo was a Ugandan politician and economist. He became prime minister of Uganda on January 22, 1991 when prime minister Samson Kisekka became vice-president. Adyebo served as prime minister for nearly 4 years, until November 18, 1994. Six years later he died at the International...
       
       , Prime Minister of Uganda
       Prime Minister of Uganda
       -List of Prime Ministers of Uganda:-Affiliations:-See also:*Uganda*President of Uganda*Vice President of Uganda*Politics of Uganda*History of Uganda*Political parties of Uganda...
       
        (1991–1994)
•  Zaire -
  • President - Mobutu Sese Seko
    Mobutu Sese Seko
    Mobutu Sese Seko Nkuku Ngbendu wa Za Banga , commonly known as Mobutu or Mobutu Sese Seko , born Joseph-Désiré Mobutu, was the President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 1965 to 1997...
    
    , President of Zaire
    Heads of state of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
    This is the list of the Heads of State of the Democratic Republic of the Congo since independence in 1960. The current head of state is President Joseph Kabila, since 26 January 2001.-Heads of State:-Affiliations:...
    
     (1965–1997)
  • Head of Government -
    1. Lunda Bululu, First State Commissioner of Zaire (1990–1991)
    2. Mulumba Lukoji, First State Commissioner of Zaire (1991)
    3. Étienne Tshisekedi
       Étienne Tshisekedi
       Étienne Tshisekedi wa Mulumba is a lawyer, politician, and leader of the Union for Democracy and Social Progress which is a political party in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. He was Prime Minister of the country on three brief occasions: in 1991, 1992–1993, and 1997...
       
       , First State Commissioner of Zaire (1991)
    4. Bernardin Mungul Diaka
       Bernardin Mungul Diaka
       Bernardin Mungul Diaka was the Prime Minister of Zaire from 1 November 1991 to 25 November 1991. He was appointed by Mobutu Sese Seko and considered a moderate. He was also a governor of Kinshasa from 1992 to 1996.-References:...
       
       , First State Commissioner of Zaire (1991)
    5. Jean Nguza Karl-i-Bond
       Jean Nguza Karl-i-Bond
       Jean Nguza Karl-i-Bond was a prominent Zairian politician.Born in Musumba, Lualaba District, a member of the Lunda tribe and a nephew of the Katangan leader, Moise Tshombe, Nguza was a pock-marked child who rose rapidly through government posts and gained the favour of President Mobutu Sese...
       
       , First State Commissioner of Zaire (1991–1992)
•  Zambia -
  • President -
    1. Kenneth Kaunda
       Kenneth Kaunda
       Kenneth David Kaunda, known as KK, served as the first President of Zambia, from 1964 to 1991.-Early life:Kaunda was the youngest of eight children. He was born at Lubwa Mission in Chinsali, Northern Province of Northern Rhodesia, now Zambia...
       
       , President of Zambia (1964–1991)
    2. Frederick Chiluba
       Frederick Chiluba
       Frederick Jacob Titus Chiluba was a Zambian politician who was the second President of Zambia from 1991 to 2002. Chiluba, a trade union leader, won the country's multi-party presidential election in 1991 as the candidate of the Movement for Multiparty Democracy , defeating long-time President...
       
       , President of Zambia (1991–2002)
  • Prime Minister - Malimba Masheke
    Malimba Masheke
    Malimba Masheke is a Zambian politician. He served as the last Prime Minister of the country from 15 March 1989 to 31 August 1991. He had previously been Minister of Defence from 1985 to 1988 and Minister of Home Affairs from 1988 to 1989....
    
    , Prime Minister of Zambia
    Prime Minister of Zambia
    -Prime Ministers of Zambia :-External links:*...
    
     (1989–1991)
•  Zimbabwe -
  • President - Robert Mugabe
    Robert Mugabe
    Robert Gabriel Mugabe is the President of Zimbabwe. As one of the leaders of the liberation movement against white-minority rule, he was elected into power in 1980...
    
    , President of Zimbabwe (1987–present)

Asia

• • President - Mohammad Najibullah
    Mohammad Najibullah
    Mohammad Najibullah Ahmadzai , originally merely Najibullah, was the fourth and last President of the Soviet-backed Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. He is also considered the second President of the Republic of Afghanistan.-Early years:Najibullah was born in August 1947 to the Ahmadzai...
    
    , President of Afghanistan
    President of Afghanistan
    Afghanistan has only been a republic between 1973 and 1992 and from 2001 onwards. Before 1973, it was a monarchy that was governed by a variety of kings, emirs or shahs...
    
     (1987–1992)
  • Prime Minister - Fazal Haq Khaliqyar
    Fazal Haq Khaliqyar
    Fazal Haq Khaliqyar , was an Afghan politician, that was briefly Prime Minister of the Republic of Afghanistan.He performed duties as Minister of Finance during Mohammad Daud Khan's rule. He was appointed as Prime Minister during the period of President Mohammad Najibullah government...
    
    , Prime Minister of Afghanistan
    Prime Minister of Afghanistan
    The Prime Minister of Afghanistan is a currently defunct post in the Afghan Government.The position was created in 1927, and was appointed by the king, mostly as an advisor, until the end of the monarchy in 1973...
    
     (1990–1992)
•  Bahrain -
  • Monarch - Sheikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Emir of Bahrain
    King of Bahrain
    The King of Bahrain ‎ is the monarch and head of state of Bahrain. Between 1783 and 1971, the Bahraini monarch held the title of Hakim, and, from 1971 until 2002, the title of Emir...
    
     (1961–1999)
  • Prime Minister - Sheikh Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa, Prime Minister of Bahrain
    Prime Minister of Bahrain
    In Bahrain, the Prime Minister is the head of government of the country. According to the Constitution of Bahrain, the Prime Minister is appointed directly by the King, and needs not be an elected member of the Council of Representatives....
    
     (1970–present)
•  Bangladesh -
  • President -
    1. Shahabuddin Ahmed
       Shahabuddin Ahmed
       Shahabuddin Ahmed is a former president and Chief Justice of Bangladesh. Justice Shahabuddin Ahmed took over the office of President after a popular uprising against President Hossain Mohammad Ershad in 1991. After the resumption of democracy, he returned to his duties as the Chief Justice...
       
       , Acting President of Bangladesh (1990–1991)
    2. Abdur Rahman Biswas
       Abdur Rahman Biswas
       Abdur Rahman Biswas was the President of Bangladesh between 1991 and 1996.-Early life:...
       
       , President of Bangladesh (1991–1996)
  • Prime Minister - Khaleda Zia
    Khaleda Zia
    Begum Khaleda Zia is the former First Lady of Bangladesh , and then Prime Minister of Bangladesh, having served from 1991 to 1996, becoming the first woman in the country's history and second in the Muslim world to head a democratic government as prime minister. She served again from 2001 until...
    
    , Prime Minister of Bangladesh
    Prime Minister of Bangladesh
    The Prime Minister of the People's Republic of Bangladesh is the Head of the Government of Bangladesh. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Jatiya Sangsad Parliament, to their political party and ultimately to the electorate...
    
     (1991–1996)
•  Bhutan -
  • Monarch - Jigme Singye Wangchuck
    Jigme Singye Wangchuck
    Jigme Singye Wangchuck is the former King of Bhutan. He was the fourth Dragon King of Bhutan from 1972 until his abdication in favour of his eldest son, Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, in 2006...
    
    , King of Bhutan (1972–2006)
•  Brunei
  • Monarch - Hassanal Bolkiah
    Hassanal Bolkiah
    General Haji Sir Hassan al-Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah GCB GCMG is the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam, the 29th Sultan of Brunei and the first Prime Minister of Brunei Darussalam...
    
    , Sultan of Brunei (1967–present)
  • Prime Minister - Hassanal Bolkiah
    Hassanal Bolkiah
    General Haji Sir Hassan al-Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah GCB GCMG is the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam, the 29th Sultan of Brunei and the first Prime Minister of Brunei Darussalam...
    
    , Prime Minister of Brunei
    Prime Minister of Brunei
    The Prime Minister of Brunei is a title held by the Sultan of Brunei. As the prime minister, the Sultan presides over the cabinet.As of 2011, the post is held by Hassanal Bolkiah....
    
     (1984–present) Cambodia -
  • Communist Party Leader - Heng Samrin
    Heng Samrin
    Heng Samrin is a Cambodian politician. He was the chairman of the People's Republic of Kampuchea and the State of Cambodia , and later vice chairman and chairman of the National Assembly of Cambodia since 2006....
    
    , Secretary-General of the Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party
    Cambodian People's Party
    The Cambodian People's Party is the current ruling party of Cambodia.This party was formerly known as Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party...
    
     (1981–1991)
  • Chairman of the Council of State - Heng Samrin
    Heng Samrin
    Heng Samrin is a Cambodian politician. He was the chairman of the People's Republic of Kampuchea and the State of Cambodia , and later vice chairman and chairman of the National Assembly of Cambodia since 2006....
    
    , Chairman of the Council of State of Cambodia (1979–1992)
  • Chairman of the Supreme National Council - Norodom Sihanouk
    Norodom Sihanouk
    Norodom Sihanouk regular script was the King of Cambodia from 1941 to 1955 and again from 1993 until his semi-retirement and voluntary abdication on 7 October 2004 in favor of his son, the current King Norodom Sihamoni...
    
    , Chairman of the Supreme National Council of Cambodia (1991–1993)
  • Premier - Hun Sen
    Hun Sen
    Hun Sen is the current Prime Minister of Cambodia.He has been the sole leader of the Cambodian People's Party , which has governed Cambodia since the Vietnamese-backed overthrow of the Khmer Rouge in 1979...
    
    , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Cambodia
    Prime Minister of Cambodia
    The Prime Minister of Cambodia , is the head of government of the Kingdom of Cambodia. Prime Minister is appointed by the King under Article 119 of the Constitution and is responsible for leading the government of the Kingdom.-Constitutional powers:The powers of the Prime Minister are established...
    
     (1985–present)
• ' -
  • Communist Party Leader- Jiang Zemin
    Jiang Zemin
    Jiang Zemin is a former Chinese politician, who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of China from 1989 to 2002, as President of the People's Republic of China from 1993 to 2003, and as Chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2005...
    
    , General Secretary of the Communist Party of China
    General Secretary of the Communist Party of China
    The General Secretary of the Communist Party of China , officially General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, is the highest ranking official within the Communist Party of China, a standing member of the Politburo and head of the Secretariat...
    
     (1989–2002)
  • President - Yang Shangkun
    Yang Shangkun
    Yang Shangkun was President of the People's Republic of China from 1988 to 1993, and was permanent Vice-chair of the Central Military Commission...
    
    , President of the People's Republic of China
    President of the People's Republic of China
    The President of the People's Republic of China is a ceremonial office and a part of State organs under the National People's Congress and it is the head of state of the People's Republic of China . The office was created by the 1982 Constitution...
    
     (1988–1993)
  • Premier - Li Peng
    Li Peng
    Li Peng served as the fourth Premier of the People's Republic of China, between 1987 and 1998, and the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, China's top legislative body, from 1998 to 2003. For much of the 1990s Li was ranked second in the Communist Party of China ...
    
    , Premier of the People's Republic of China
    Premier of the People's Republic of China
    The Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China , sometimes also referred to as the "Prime Minister" informally, is the Leader of the State Council of the People's Republic of China , who is the head of government and holds the highest-ranking of the Civil service of the...
    
     (1987–1998) (British dependent territory)
  • Governor - Sir David Wilson
    David Wilson, Baron Wilson of Tillyorn
    David Clive Wilson, Baron Wilson of Tillyorn, is a retired British administrator, diplomat and Sinologist. Lord Wilson of Tillyorn was the penultimate Commander-in-Chief and 27th Governor of Hong Kong...
    
    , Governor of Hong Kong
    Governor of Hong Kong
    The Governor of Hong Kong was the head of the government of Hong Kong during British rule from 1843 to 1997. The governor's roles were defined in the Hong Kong Letters Patent and Royal Instructions...
    
     (1987–1992)
•  India -
  • President - R. Venkataraman
    R. Venkataraman
    Ramaswamy Venkataraman was an Indian lawyer, Indian independence activist and politician who served as a Union minister and as the eighth President of India....
    
    , President of India
    President of India
    The President of India is the head of state and first citizen of India, as well as the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces. President of India is also the formal head of all the three branches of Indian Democracy - Legislature, Executive and Judiciary...
    
     (1987–1992)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Chandra Shekhar
       Chandra Shekhar
       Chandra Shekhar Singh was the eighth Prime Minister of India.-Early years:He was born on 1 July 1927 to a Rajput farming family in Ibrahimpatti - Ballia in eastern Uttar Pradesh. Chandra Shekhar Singh did his Master of Arts at Allahabad University. He was known as a firebrand in student politics...
       
       , Prime Minister of India
       Prime Minister of India
       The Prime Minister of India , as addressed to in the Constitution of India — Prime Minister for the Union, is the chief of government, head of the Council of Ministers and the leader of the majority party in parliament...
       
        (1990–1991)
    2. P. V. Narasimha Rao
       P. V. Narasimha Rao
       Pamulaparti Venkata "Narasimha Rao" was the ninth Prime Minister of India . He led an important administration, overseeing a major economic transformation and several home incidents affecting national security of India. Rao accelerated the dismantling of the Licence Raj. He is often referred to as...
       
       , Prime Minister of India
       Prime Minister of India
       The Prime Minister of India , as addressed to in the Constitution of India — Prime Minister for the Union, is the chief of government, head of the Council of Ministers and the leader of the majority party in parliament...
       
        (1991–1996)
•  Indonesia -
  • President - Suharto, President of Indonesia (1967–1998)
•  Iran -
  • Supreme Leader - Ali Khamenei
    Ali Khamenei
    Ayatollah Seyed Ali Hoseyni Khāmene’i is the Supreme Leader of Iran and the figurative head of the Muslim conservative establishment in Iran and Twelver Shi'a marja...
    
    , Supreme Leader of Iran
    Supreme Leader of Iran
    The Supreme Leader of Iran is the highest ranking political and religious authority in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The post was established by the constitution in accordance with the concept of Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists...
    
     (1989–present)
  • President - Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
    Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
    Ayatollah Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani is an influential Iranian politician and writer, who was the fourth President of Iran. He was a member of the Assembly of Experts until his resignation in 2011...
    
    , President of Iran
    President of Iran
    The President of Iran is the highest popularly elected official in, and the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Iran; although subordinate to the Supreme Leader of Iran, who functions as the country's head of state...
    
     (1989–1997)   Iraq
    Ba'athist Iraq
    The History of Iraq , referred to as Ba'athist Iraq, covers the period of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party's rule over Iraq. Ba'athist rule in Iraq first occurred briefly in 1963 under Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr until overthrown that same year. Ba'athism was restored to power five years later after...
    
    -
  • President - Saddam Hussein
    Saddam Hussein
    Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti was the fifth President of Iraq, serving in this capacity from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003...
    
    , President of Iraq
    President of Iraq
    The President of Iraq is the head of state of Iraq and "safeguards the commitment to the Constitution and the preservation of Iraq's independence, sovereignty, unity, the security of its territories in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution." The President is elected by the Council of...
    
     (1979–2003)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Saddam Hussein
       Saddam Hussein
       Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti was the fifth President of Iraq, serving in this capacity from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003...
       
       , Prime Minister of Iraq
       Prime Minister of Iraq
       The Prime Minister of Iraq is Iraq's head of government. Prime Minister was originally an appointed office, subsidiary to the head of state, and the nominal leader of the Iraqi parliament. Under the newly adopted constitution the Prime Minister is to be the country's active executive authority...
       
        (1979–1991)
    2. Sa'dun Hammadi
       Sa'dun Hammadi
       Sa'dun Hammadi was briefly Prime Minister of Iraq under President Saddam Hussein from March until September 1991. He succeeded Hussein, who had previously been prime minister in addition to being president, but was forced out due to his reformist views.Hammadi was born in Karbala and was a...
       
       , Prime Minister of Iraq
       Prime Minister of Iraq
       The Prime Minister of Iraq is Iraq's head of government. Prime Minister was originally an appointed office, subsidiary to the head of state, and the nominal leader of the Iraqi parliament. Under the newly adopted constitution the Prime Minister is to be the country's active executive authority...
       
        (1991)
    3. Mohammed Amza Zubeidi
       Mohammed Amza Zubeidi
       Mohammed Amza az-Zubeidi was the Prime Minister of Iraq from 1991 to 1993. He is on the "Saddam's Dirty Dozen" list of people responsible for torture and murder in Iraq, playing a key role in Iraq's brutal suppression of the Shiite Muslim uprising of 1991...
       
       , Prime Minister of Iraq
       Prime Minister of Iraq
       The Prime Minister of Iraq is Iraq's head of government. Prime Minister was originally an appointed office, subsidiary to the head of state, and the nominal leader of the Iraqi parliament. Under the newly adopted constitution the Prime Minister is to be the country's active executive authority...
       
        (1991–1993)
•  Israel -
  • President - Chaim Herzog
    Chaim Herzog
    Chaim Herzog served as the sixth President of Israel , following a distinguished career in both the British Army and the Israel Defense Forces .-Early life:...
    
    , President of Israel
    President of Israel
    The President of the State of Israel is the head of state of Israel. The position is largely an apolitical ceremonial figurehead role, with the real executive power lying in the hands of the Prime Minister. The current president is Shimon Peres who took office on 15 July 2007...
    
     (1983–1993)
  • Prime Minister - Yitzhak Shamir
    Yitzhak Shamir
    ' is a former Israeli politician, the seventh Prime Minister of Israel, in 1983–84 and 1986–92.-Biography:Icchak Jeziernicky was born in Ruzhany , Russian Empire . He studied at a Hebrew High School in Białystok, Poland. As a youth he joined Betar, the Revisionist Zionist youth movement...
    
    , Prime Minister of Israel
    Prime Minister of Israel
    The Prime Minister of Israel is the head of the Israeli government and the most powerful political figure in Israel . The prime minister is the country's chief executive. The official residence of the prime minister, Beit Rosh Hamemshala is in Jerusalem...
    
     (1986–1992)
•  Japan -
  • Monarch - Akihito
    Akihito
    is the current , the 125th emperor of his line according to Japan's traditional order of succession. He acceded to the throne in 1989.-Name:In Japan, the emperor is never referred to by his given name, but rather is referred to as "His Imperial Majesty the Emperor" which may be shortened to . In...
    
    , Emperor of Japan (1989–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Toshiki Kaifu
       Toshiki Kaifu
       is a Japanese politician who was the 76th and 77th Prime Minister of Japan from 1989 to 1991.- Career :He was born in Nagoya City, Aichi Prefecture, and was educated at Chuo University and Waseda University. A member of the Liberal Democratic Party , Kaifu ran successfully for the Diet in 1960 and...
       
       , Prime Minister of Japan (1989–1991)
    2. Kiichi Miyazawa
       Kiichi Miyazawa
       was a Japanese politician and the 78th Prime Minister from November 5, 1991 to August 9, 1993.-Early life and career:Miyazawa was born in Fukuyama, Hiroshima Prefecture, and graduated from Tokyo Imperial University with a degree in law. In 1942 he joined the Ministry of Finance...
       
       , Prime Minister of Japan (1991–1993)
•  Jordan -
  • Monarch - Hussein
    Hussein of Jordan
    Hussein bin Talal was the third King of Jordan from the abdication of his father, King Talal, in 1952, until his death. Hussein's rule extended through the Cold War and four decades of Arab-Israeli conflict...
    
    , King of Jordan (1952–1999)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Mudar Badran
       Mudar Badran
       Mudar Seyyid Muhammad Badran is a retired Jordanian politician.Badran was born in Jerash, Jordan. He served as firstly as the secret service dirctor in the 1970's, which was when the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan was facing a civil war against the "Feda'eyn". He also served as a Minister of...
       
       , Prime Minister of Jordan (1989–1991)
    2. Taher al-Masri
       Taher al-Masri
       Taher Nashat al-Masri is a Jordanian of Palestinian origin who served as Prime Minister of Jordan from 19 June 1991 to 21 November 1991. He opposed the invasion of Iraq but reportedly wants the Americans to stay in Iraq and keep it "out of the hands of the fundamentalists".He served on the Council...
       
       , Prime Minister of Jordan (1991)
    3. Zaid ibn Shaker
       Zaid ibn Shaker
       Field Marshal Prince Zeid Ibn Shaker, GBE, CVO served as commander in chief of the Jordanian Military for more than twelve years and Prime Minister of Jordan three times....
       
       , Prime Minister of Jordan (1991–1993) Kazakhstan
       Kazakhstan
       Kazakhstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of is greater than Western Europe...
       
       -
  • the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic declared independence on 16 December 1991
  • President - Nursultan Nazarbayev
    Nursultan Nazarbayev
    Nursultan Abishuly Nazarbayev has served as the President of Kazakhstan since the nation received its independence in 1991, after the fall of the Soviet Union...
    
    , President of Kazakhstan (1990–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Uzakbay Karamanov, Chairman of the Council of Minister of the Kazakh SSR
       Prime Minister of Kazakhstan
       -Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars:*Viktor Radus-Zenkovich *Mukhamedkhafiy Murzagaliyev *Saken Seyfullin *Nygmet Nurmakov...
       
        (1989–1991)
    2. Sergey Tereshchenko, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan
       Prime Minister of Kazakhstan
       -Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars:*Viktor Radus-Zenkovich *Mukhamedkhafiy Murzagaliyev *Saken Seyfullin *Nygmet Nurmakov...
       
        (1991–1994) North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)
       North Korea
       The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea , , is a country in East Asia, occupying the northern half of the Korean Peninsula. Its capital and largest city is Pyongyang. The Korean Demilitarized Zone serves as the buffer zone between North Korea and South Korea...
       
       
  • Communist Party leader - Kim Il-sung
    Kim Il-sung
    Kim Il-sung was a Korean communist politician who led the Democratic People's Republic of Korea from its founding in 1948 until his death in 1994. He held the posts of Prime Minister from 1948 to 1972 and President from 1972 to his death...
    
    , General Secretary of the Korean Workers' Party
    Workers' Party of Korea
    The Workers' Party of Korea is the ruling Communist party of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea , commonly known as North Korea. It is also called the Korean Workers' Party...
    
     (1948–1994)
  • President - Kim Il-sung
    Kim Il-sung
    Kim Il-sung was a Korean communist politician who led the Democratic People's Republic of Korea from its founding in 1948 until his death in 1994. He held the posts of Prime Minister from 1948 to 1972 and President from 1972 to his death...
    
    , President of North Korea (1972–1994)
  • Premier - Yon Hyong-muk
    Yon Hyong-muk
    Yon Hyong-muk, also spelt as Yong Hyong-muk was a longserving politician in North Korea and at the height of his career the most powerful person in that country outside the Kim family. He was premier of North Korea from 1989 until 1992 .He was born in Kyongwon County and had a strong...
    
    , Premier of North Korea (1988–1992)
• ' -
  • President - Roh Tae-woo
    Roh Tae-woo
    Roh Tae-woo , is a former ROK Army general and politician. He was the 13th president of South Korea .Roh befriended Chun Doo-hwan while in high school in Daegu. In his younger life, Roh was a keen rugby union player....
    
    , President of South Korea
    President of South Korea
    The President of the Republic of Korea is, according to the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, chief executive of the government, commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and the head of state of the Republic of Korea...
    
     (1988–1993)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Ro Jai Bong, Prime Minister of South Korea
       Prime Minister of South Korea
       The Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea is appointed by the President with the National Assembly's approval. Unlike prime ministers in the parliamentary system, the Prime Minister of South Korea is not required to be a member of parliament....
       
        (1990–1991)
    2. Chung Won Shik, Prime Minister of South Korea
       Prime Minister of South Korea
       The Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea is appointed by the President with the National Assembly's approval. Unlike prime ministers in the parliamentary system, the Prime Minister of South Korea is not required to be a member of parliament....
       
        (1991–1992)
•  Kuwait -
  • Monarch - Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
    Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
    Jaber III al-Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah, GCB , GCMG of the al-Sabah dynasty, was the Emir and thirteenth Sheikh of Kuwait, serving from December 31, 1977 until his death on January 15, 2006...
    
    , Emir of Kuwait (1977–2006)
  • Prime Minister - Sheikh Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah
    Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah
    Sheikh Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah, KCMG was the Emir of Kuwait during a short reign of nine days , succeeding the late Sheikh Jaber....
    
    , Prime Minister of Kuwait (1978–2003) Kyrgyzstan
    Kyrgyzstan
    Kyrgyzstan , officially the Kyrgyz Republic is one of the world's six independent Turkic states . Located in Central Asia, landlocked and mountainous, Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the southwest and China to the east...
    
    -
  • the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic
    Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic
    The Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic , also known as the Kirghiz SSR, the Kyrgyz SSR, or even Kirghizia, was one of republics that made up the Soviet Union...
    
     declared independence on 31 August 1991
  • President - Askar Akayev
    Askar Akayev
    Askar Akayevich Akayev served as the President of Kyrgyzstan from 1990 until his overthrow in the March 2005 Tulip Revolution....
    
    , President of Kyrgyzstan
    President of Kyrgyzstan
    The President of Kyrgyzstan is the head of state and the highest official of Kyrgyzstan. The President, according to the constitution, "is the symbol of the unity of people and state power, and is the guarantor of the Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic, and of an individual and citizen." The...
    
     (1990–2005)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Apas Jumagulov
       Apas Jumagulov
       Apas Jumagulov served as the Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan from 14 December 1993 to 24 March 1998....
       
       , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Kirghiz SSR
       Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan
       The Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan is the head of government of Kyrgyzstan. Generally, the President is in a stronger position than the Prime Minister in Kyrgyzstan. The president is allowed to appoint the Prime Minister temporarily, and his appointment is known as the acting Prime Minister...
       
        (1986–1991)
    2. Nasirdin Isanov
       Nasirdin Isanov
       Nasirdin Isanov served as the first Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan from 30 August 1991 to 29 November 1991, when he died in a car crash.-Biography:...
       
       , Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan
       Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan
       The Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan is the head of government of Kyrgyzstan. Generally, the President is in a stronger position than the Prime Minister in Kyrgyzstan. The president is allowed to appoint the Prime Minister temporarily, and his appointment is known as the acting Prime Minister...
       
        (1991)
    3. Andrei Iordan
       Andrei Iordan
       Andrei Iordan served as the State Secretary of Kyrgyzstan and temporarily exercised the duties of Prime Minister from 29 November 1991 to 10 February 1992...
       
       , Acting Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan
       Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan
       The Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan is the head of government of Kyrgyzstan. Generally, the President is in a stronger position than the Prime Minister in Kyrgyzstan. The president is allowed to appoint the Prime Minister temporarily, and his appointment is known as the acting Prime Minister...
       
        (1991–1992)
•  Laos -
  • Communist Party Leader - Kaysone Phomvihane
    Kaysone Phomvihane
    Kaysone Phomvihane was the leader of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party from 1955, though Souphanouvong served in a figurehead role...
    
    , General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party
    Lao People's Revolutionary Party
    The Lao People's Revolutionary Party is a communist political party that has governed Laos since 1975. The policy-making organs are the politburo and the central committee. A party congress, which elects members to the politburo and central committee, is held every five years...
    
     (1975–1992)
  • President -
    1. Souphanouvong
       Souphanouvong
       Prince Souphanouvong was, along with his half-brother Prince Souvanna Phouma and Prince Boun Oum of Champasak, one of the “Three Princes” who represented respectively the communist , neutralist, and royalist political factions in Laos...
       
       , President of Laos
       President of Laos
       The President of Laos is the head of state of the People's Democratic Republic of Laos.The office of the President was created in 1975, after the takeover of the country by the Pathet Lao, which abolished the monarchy. A member of the deposed royal family, Prince Souphanouvong, was the first...
       
        (1975–1991)
    2. Phoumi Vongvichit
       Phoumi Vongvichit
       Phoumi Vongvichit was a leading figure of the Pathet Lao and an elder statesman of the Lao People's Democratic Republic....
       
       , Acting President of Laos
       President of Laos
       The President of Laos is the head of state of the People's Democratic Republic of Laos.The office of the President was created in 1975, after the takeover of the country by the Pathet Lao, which abolished the monarchy. A member of the deposed royal family, Prince Souphanouvong, was the first...
       
        (1986–1991)
    3. Kaysone Phomvihane
       Kaysone Phomvihane
       Kaysone Phomvihane was the leader of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party from 1955, though Souphanouvong served in a figurehead role...
       
       , President of Laos
       President of Laos
       The President of Laos is the head of state of the People's Democratic Republic of Laos.The office of the President was created in 1975, after the takeover of the country by the Pathet Lao, which abolished the monarchy. A member of the deposed royal family, Prince Souphanouvong, was the first...
       
        (1991–1992)
  • Premier -
    1. Kaysone Phomvihane
       Kaysone Phomvihane
       Kaysone Phomvihane was the leader of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party from 1955, though Souphanouvong served in a figurehead role...
       
       , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos
       Prime Minister of Laos
       The Prime Minister of Laos is the head of government of the People's Democratic Republic of Laos.-Prime Ministers:-Trivia:Between December 1959 to December 1960, Laos had 6 different Prime Ministers, after being ousted by 6 different political coups....
       
        (1975–1991)
    2. Khamtai Siphandon
       Khamtai Siphandon
       General Khamtai Siphandon is a Laotian politician who was President of Laos from February 24, 1998, until June 8, 2006, when he was officially replaced by Choummaly Sayasone....
       
       , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos
       Prime Minister of Laos
       The Prime Minister of Laos is the head of government of the People's Democratic Republic of Laos.-Prime Ministers:-Trivia:Between December 1959 to December 1960, Laos had 6 different Prime Ministers, after being ousted by 6 different political coups....
       
        (1991–1998)
•  Lebanon -
  • President - Elias Hrawi
    Elias Hrawi
    Elias Hrawi was a President of Lebanon, whose term of office ran from 1989 to 1998.He was a native of the Beqaa valley. He was elected on 24 November 1989, two days after the assassination of René Moawad, who had held office for just seventeen days...
    
    , President of Lebanon (1989–1998)
  • Prime Minister - Omar Karami
    Omar Karami
    Omar Abdul Hamid Karami was the Prime Minister of Lebanon on two separate occasions...
    
    , Prime Minister of Lebanon (1990–1992) Macau
    Macau
    Macau , also spelled Macao , is, along with Hong Kong, one of the two special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China...
    
     (overseas province of Portugal)
  • Governor -
    1. Francisco Murteira Nabo, Acting Governor of Macau
       Governor of Macau
       The Governor of Macau was a Portuguese colonial official who headed the colony of Macau, before 1623 called Captain-major . The post was replaced on December 20, 1999 upon the transfer of administration to the People's Republic of China by the office of the Chief Executive of the Macau Special...
       
        (1990–1991)
    2. Vasco Joaquim Rocha Vieira
       Vasco Joaquim Rocha Vieira
       Vasco Joaquim Rocha Vieira was the last Governor of Macau.-Background:He is the son of João da Silva Vieira Vasco Joaquim Rocha Vieira (b. Lagoa, 16 August 1939) was the last Governor of Macau.-Background:He is the son of João da Silva Vieira Vasco Joaquim Rocha Vieira (b. Lagoa, 16 August 1939)...
       
       , Governor of Macau
       Governor of Macau
       The Governor of Macau was a Portuguese colonial official who headed the colony of Macau, before 1623 called Captain-major . The post was replaced on December 20, 1999 upon the transfer of administration to the People's Republic of China by the office of the Chief Executive of the Macau Special...
       
        (1991–1999)
•  Malaysia -
  • Monarch - Sultan Azlan Shah, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia
    Yang di-Pertuan Agong
    The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is the head of state of Malaysia. The office was established in 1957 when the Federation of Malaya gained independence....
    
     (1989–1994)
  • Prime Minister - Mahathir Mohamad, Prime Minister of Malaysia
    Prime Minister of Malaysia
    The Prime Minister of Malaysia is the indirectly elected head of government of Malaysia. He is officially appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the head of state, who in HM's judgment is likely to command the confidence of the majority of the members of that House of Representatives , the...
    
     (1981–2003)
•  Maldives -
  • President - Maumoon Abdul Gayoom
    Maumoon Abdul Gayoom
    Maumoon Abdul Gayoom was President of the Maldives from 1978 to 2008. After serving as Minister of Transport, he was nominated as President by the Majlis of the Maldives and succeeded Ibrahim Nasir on November 11, 1978. He eventually became the longest-ruling head of government in Asia...
    
    , President of the Maldives
    President of the Maldives
    The President of the Maldives is the Head of State and Head of Government and first citizen of the Republic of Maldives and the Supreme Commander of the Maldivian armed forces.The current President of the Republic of Maldives is Mohamed Nasheed....
    
     (1978–2008) Mongolia -
  • President - Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat, President of Mongolia
    President of Mongolia
    The President of Mongolia is the head of state of Mongolia. The Constitution of Mongolia implements a parliamentary system, so while much of the President's role is ceremonial, he or she does wield significant political power.-Election:...
    
     (1990–1997)
  • Prime Minister - Dashiin Byambasüren
    Dashiin Byambasüren
    Dashiin Byambasüren is a former Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party politician who was Prime Minister of Mongolia from 11 September 1990 - 21 July 1992, as the first one to be appointed by a democratically elected parliament. He comes from a Buryat background...
    
    , Prime Minister of Mongolia
    Prime Minister of Mongolia
    The Prime Minister of Mongolia is the highest member of the Mongolian government's executive arm, and heads the Mongolian cabinet. The Prime Minister is appointed by Parliament, and can be removed by a vote of no confidence.-Powers:...
    
     (1990–1992)
•  Myanmar -
  • Head of State - Saw Maung
    Saw Maung
    Senior General Saw Maung was the founder of the State Peace and Development Council in Myanmar. He served as their Chairman from 1988 to 1992.-Early life and career:...
    
    , Chairman of the State Law and Order Restoration Council of Myanmar
    President of Burma
    The President of Burma is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, and leads the executive branch of the Burmese government, and heads the Cabinet of Burma. The president is elected by members of parliament, not by the general population. The Presidential...
    
     (1988–1992)
  • Prime Minister - Saw Maung
    Saw Maung
    Senior General Saw Maung was the founder of the State Peace and Development Council in Myanmar. He served as their Chairman from 1988 to 1992.-Early life and career:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Myanmar
    Prime Minister of Myanmar
    The Prime Minister of Burma was the head of government of Burma, also called Myanmar, from 1948 to 2011.-History of the office:The position of Prime Minister was created in 1948, when Burma gained independence from the United Kingdom. Since then, eleven people have held the office...
    
     (1988–1992) Nepal -
  • Monarch - Birendra
    Birendra of Nepal
    Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev was a King of Nepal. The son of King Mahendra, whom he succeeded in 1972, he reigned until his death in the 2001 Nepalese royal massacre...
    
    , King of Nepal
    Nepalese monarchy
    The Kingdom of Nepal , also referred to as the Gorkha Kingdom, was formed in 1768 by the unification of Nepal. Founded by Prithvi Narayan Shah The Kingdom of Nepal , also referred to as the Gorkha Kingdom, was formed in 1768 by the unification of Nepal. Founded by Prithvi Narayan Shah The Kingdom...
    
     (1972–2001)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Krishna Prasad Bhattarai
       Krishna Prasad Bhattarai
       Krishna Prasad Bhattarai was a Nepalese political leader. As a leader of the Nepali Congress Party, he made his position by transitioning Nepal from an absolute monarchy to a democratic multi-party system.Bhattarai was twice the Prime Minister of Nepal, once heading the Interim Government from 19...
       
       , Prime Minister of Nepal (1990–1991)
    2. Girija Prasad Koirala
       Girija Prasad Koirala
       Girija Prasad Koirala was a Nepalese politician and the President of the Nepali Congress, a major political party. He was Prime Minister of Nepal for four times, serving from 1991 to 1994, 1998 to 1999, 2000 to 2001, and from 2006 to 2008; he was also Acting Head of State from January 2007 to July...
       
       , Prime Minister of Nepal (1991–1994)
•  Oman -
  • Monarch - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Sultan of Oman (1970–present)
  • Prime Minister - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Prime Minister of Oman (1972–present)
•  Pakistan -
  • President - Ghulam Ishaq Khan
    Ghulam Ishaq Khan
    Ghulam Ishaq Khan , abbreviated as GIK, was the seventh President of Pakistan from August 17, 1988 until July 18, 1993 and a career statesman from the start to the end of cold war...
    
    , President of Pakistan
    President of Pakistan
    The President of Pakistan is the head of state, as well as figurehead, of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Recently passed an XVIII Amendment , Pakistan has a parliamentary democratic system of government. According to the Constitution, the President is chosen by the Electoral College to serve a...
    
     (1988–1993)
  • Prime Minister - Nawaz Sharif
    Nawaz Sharif
    Mian Mohammad Nawaz Sharif is a Pakistani conservative politician and steel magnate who served as 12th Prime Minister of Pakistan in two non-consecutive terms from November 1990 to July 1993, and from February 1997 to October 12, 1999...
    
    , Prime Minister of Pakistan
    Prime Minister of Pakistan
    The Prime Minister of Pakistan , is the Head of Government of Pakistan who is designated to exercise as the country's Chief Executive. By the Constitution of Pakistan, Pakistan has the parliamentary democratic system of government...
    
     (1990–1993)
•  Philippines -
  • President - Corazon Aquino
    Corazon Aquino
    Maria Corazon Sumulong Cojuangco-Aquino was the 11th President of the Philippines and the first woman to hold that office in Philippine history. She is best remembered for leading the 1986 People Power Revolution, which toppled Ferdinand Marcos and restored democracy in the Philippines...
    
    , President of the Philippines (1986–1992)
•  Qatar -
  • Monarch - Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani
    Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani
    Emir Shaikh Khalifa bin Hamad bin Abdullah bin Jassim bin Muhammed Al Thani GCB GCMG was the Emir of Qatar from 1972 until he was deposed by his son Hamad bin Khalifa in 1995....
    
    , Emir of Qatar (1972–1995)
  • Prime Minister - Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani
    Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani
    Emir Shaikh Khalifa bin Hamad bin Abdullah bin Jassim bin Muhammed Al Thani GCB GCMG was the Emir of Qatar from 1972 until he was deposed by his son Hamad bin Khalifa in 1995....
    
    , Prime Minister of Qatar (1970–1995)
•  Saudi Arabia
  • Monarch - Fahd
    Fahd of Saudi Arabia
    Fahd bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud, Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, was King of Saudi Arabia from 1982 to 2005...
    
    , King of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005)
  • Prime Minister - Fahd
    Fahd of Saudi Arabia
    Fahd bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud, Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, was King of Saudi Arabia from 1982 to 2005...
    
    , Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia
    Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia
    The Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia is formally the Head of government under the Malik , the rather absolute Head of State of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.-History:...
    
     (1982–2005)
•  Singapore -
  • President - Wee Kim Wee
    Wee Kim Wee
    Wee Kim Wee GCB was the fourth President of Singapore from 2 September 1985 to 1 September 1993.-Early life:Born into a humble family, Wee Kim Wee was the son of a clerk, Wee Choong Lay and his wife Chua Lay Hua. His father died when he was eight...
    
    , President of Singapore
    President of Singapore
    The President of the Republic of Singapore is Singapore's head of state. In a Westminster parliamentary system, as which Singapore governs itself, the prime minister is the head of the government while the position of president is largely ceremonial. Before 1993, the President of Singapore was...
    
     (1985–1993)
  • Prime Minister - Goh Chok Tong
    Goh Chok Tong
    Goh Chok Tong is the Senior Minister of Singapore and the chairman of the central bank of Singapore, the Monetary Authority of Singapore. He also served as the second Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore from 28 November 1990 to 12 August 2004, succeeding Lee Kuan Yew, the former Prime...
    
    , Prime Minister of Singapore
    Prime Minister of Singapore
    The Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore is the head of the government of the Republic of Singapore. The President of Singapore appoints as Prime Minister a Member of Parliament who, in his opinion, is most likely to command the confidence of a majority of MPs.The office of Prime Minister...
    
     (1990–2004)
•  Sri Lanka -
  • President - Ranasinghe Premadasa
    Ranasinghe Premadasa
    Ranasinghe Premadasa was the 3rd President of Sri Lanka from January 2, 1989 to May 1, 1993. Before that, he served as the Prime Minister in the government headed by J. R. Jayewardene from February 6, 1978 to January 1, 1989...
    
    , President of Sri Lanka
    President of Sri Lanka
    The President of Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is the elected head of state and the head of government. The President is a dominant political figure in Sri Lanka. The office was created in 1978 but has grown so powerful there have been calls to restrict or even eliminate its power...
    
     (1989–1993)
  • Prime Minister - Dingiri Banda Wijetunga
    Dingiri Banda Wijetunga
    Dingiri Banda Wijetunga was the President of Sri Lanka from May 1, 1993 to November 12, 1994, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka from March 3, 1989 to May 7, 1993 and the Governor of North Western province, Sri Lanka from 1988 to 1989.-Early life:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (1989–1993)
•  Syria -
  • President - Hafez al-Assad
    Hafez al-Assad
    Hafez ibn 'Ali ibn Sulayman al-Assad or more commonly Hafez al-Assad was the President of Syria for three decades. Assad's rule consolidated the power of the central government after decades of coups and counter-coups, such as Operation Wappen in 1957 conducted by the Eisenhower administration and...
    
    , President of Syria (1971–2000)
  • Prime Minister - Mahmoud Zuabi
    Mahmoud Zuabi
    Mahmoud Zuabi was Syria's Prime Minister from November 1, 1987 until March 7, 2000.- Early life :...
    
    , Prime Minister of Syria (1987–2000)
• ' -
  • President - Lee Teng-hui
    Lee Teng-hui
    Lee Teng-hui is a politician of the Republic of China . He was the 7th, 8th, and 9th-term President of the Republic of China and Chairman of the Kuomintang from 1988 to 2000. He presided over major advancements in democratic reforms including his own re-election which marked the first direct...
    
    , President of the Republic of China
    President of the Republic of China
    The President of the Republic of China is the head of state and commander-in-chief of the Republic of China . The Republic of China was founded on January 1, 1912, to govern all of China...
    
     (1988–2000)
  • Premier - Hau Pei-tsun
    Hau Pei-tsun
    Hau Pei-tsun was Premier of the Republic of China from May 30, 1990 to February 10, 1993 and a 4-star general in the ROC Army.-Biography:Born to a well-to-do family in Yancheng, Jiangsu, Hau received a military education from the Chinese Military Academy, Chinese Army University, U.S. Army Command...
    
    , President of the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China
    Premier of the Republic of China
    The President of the Executive Yuan , commonly known as the Premier of the Republic of China , is the head of the Executive Yuan, the executive branch of the Republic of China , which currently administers Taiwan, Matsu, and Kinmen. The premier is appointed by the President of the Republic of China...
    
     (1990–1993) Tajikistan
    Tajikistan
    Tajikistan , officially the Republic of Tajikistan , is a mountainous landlocked country in Central Asia. Afghanistan borders it to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east....
    
    -
  • the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic declared independence on 9 September 1991
  • President -
    1. Qahhor Mahkamov
       Qahhor Mahkamov
       Qahhor Mahkamov served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of Tajikistan and was the first President of Tajikistan.-Early life and career:...
       
       , President of Tajikistan (1990–1991)
    2. Qadriddin Aslonov
       Qadriddin Aslonov
       Qadriddin Aslonov , also spelled Kadriddin Aslonov , was acting President of Tajikistan between August 31 and September 23, 1991. When his predecessor Qahhor Mahkamov resigned as the President of Tajikistan Aslonov was elected his temporary successor in the capacity as Chairman of the Supreme...
       
       , Acting President of Tajikistan (1991)
    3. Rahmon Nabiyev, President of Tajikistan (1991)
    4. Akbarsho Iskandrov
       Akbarsho Iskandrov
       Akbarsho Iskandarov was twice Acting President of Tajikistan.From October 6 1991 to December 2 1991, he acted as President when Rahmon Nabiyev stepped down to fight Tajikistan's first Presidential election. Nabiyev won the election and took over as president, but resigned in September 1992,...
       
       , Acting President of Tajikistan (1991)
    5. Rahmon Nabiyev, President of Tajikistan (1991–1992)
  • Prime Minister - Izatullo Khayoyev, Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1991–1992)
•  Thailand -
  • Monarch - Bhumibol Adulyadej
    Bhumibol Adulyadej
    Bhumibol Adulyadej is the current King of Thailand. He is known as Rama IX...
    
    , King of Thailand (1946–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Chatichai Choonhavan
       Chatichai Choonhavan
       General Chatichai Choonhavan was the Prime Minister of Thailand from 1988 to 1991. He was the only son of Field Marshal Phin Choonhavan, and is of Thai Chinese descent with ancestry from Chenghai District...
       
       , Prime Minister of Thailand (1988–1991)
    2. Anand Panyarachun
       Anand Panyarachun
       Anand Panyarachun was Thailand's Prime Minister twice, between 1991–1992 and once again in 1992. He was effective in initiating economic and political reforms, one of which was the drafting of Thailand's "Peoples' Constitution", which was promulgated in 1997 and abrogated in 2006...
       
       , Prime Minister of Thailand (1991–1992)
•  Turkey -
  • President - Turgut Özal
    Turgut Özal
    Halil Turgut Özal was Prime Minister of Turkey and President of Turkey . As Prime Minister, he transformed the economy of Turkey by paving the way for the privatization of many state enterprises.-Early life and career:...
    
    , President of Turkey (1989–1993)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Yıldırım Akbulut
       Yildirim Akbulut
       Yıldırım Akbulut is a Turkish politician, who was a leader of the Anavatan Partisi , a former Prime Minister of Turkey and twice the Speaker of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey.-Biography:...
       
       , Prime Minister of Turkey (1989–1991)
    2. Mesut Yılmaz
       Mesut Yilmaz
       Ahmet Mesut Yılmaz is the former leader of the Motherland Party and was the Turkish prime minister in the 1990s.Mesut Yılmaz was a rising star in the Motherland Party of Turgut Özal, representing the Black Sea province of Rize in the parliament and serving as tourism minister in Ozal's cabinet...
       
       , Prime Minister of Turkey (1991)
    3. Süleyman Demirel
       Süleyman Demirel
       Sami Süleyman Gündoğdu Demirel, better known as Süleyman Demirel , is a Turkish politician who served as Prime Minister seven times and was the ninth President of Turkey.-Life:Demirel was born in İslamköy, a town in Isparta Province...
       
       , Prime Minister of Turkey (1991–1993) Turkmenistan
       Turkmenistan
       Turkmenistan , formerly also known as Turkmenia is one of the Turkic states in Central Asia. Until 1991, it was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic . Turkmenistan is one of the six independent Turkic states...
       
       
  • the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic declared independence on 27 October 1991
  • President - Saparmurat Niyazov
    Saparmurat Niyazov
    Saparmurat Atayevich Niyazov; , was a Turkmen politician who served as President of Turkmenistan from 2 November 1990 until his death in 2006...
    
    , President of Turkmenistan (1990–2006)
  • Premier - Han Ahmedow
    Han Ahmedow
    Han Ahmedowiç Ahmedow was Prime Minister of Turkmenistan from December 1989 to May 1992. During his time in office, Turkmenistan became an independent country when the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991. Afterwards, Ahmedow became Railways Minister and then ambassador to Turkey...
    
    , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Turkmenistan (1989–1992)
•  United Arab Emirates -
  • President - Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates
    President of the United Arab Emirates
    The President is the Head of State of the United Arab Emirates. Because the current ruler of Abu Dhabi customarily also holds the presidency of the UAE, the office is de facto hereditary. The President is also Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces and Chairman of the Supreme Council and...
    
     (1971–2004)
  • Prime Minister - Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum
    Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum
    Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum , also referred to as Sheikh Maktoum was the Vice President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates and the emir of Dubai.-Biography:...
    
    , Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1990–2006)  Uzbekistan
  • the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic declared independence on 31 August 1991
  • President - Islam Karimov, President of Uzbekistan
    President of Uzbekistan
    President of the Republic of Uzbekistan is the Head of State and executive authority in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The office of President was established in 1991 replacing the position of First secretary of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan that has existed since 1925 while the country was known...
    
     (1990–present)
•  Vietnam -
  • Communist Party Leader -
    1. Nguyễn Văn Linh
       Nguyen Van Linh
       Nguyễn Văn Linh was a Vietnamese revolutionary and politician. He was the general secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam from 1986 to 1991 and a political leader of the Vietcong during the Vietnam War...
       
       , General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam
       General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam
       The General Secretary is the leader of the Communist Party of Vietnam. The activities of Politburo and Secretariat are directed by the General Secretary. The post holder also maintains the top position in the Party's Central Military Commission, which is considered the supreme military...
       
        (1986–1991)
    2. Đỗ Mười, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam
       General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam
       The General Secretary is the leader of the Communist Party of Vietnam. The activities of Politburo and Secretariat are directed by the General Secretary. The post holder also maintains the top position in the Party's Central Military Commission, which is considered the supreme military...
       
        (1991–1997)
  • Head of State - Võ Chí Công
    Vo Chi Cong
    Võ Chí Công was a Vietnamese Communist political figure and one-time President of Vietnam.-Early life and political activities:Võ Chí Công was born Võ Toàn in Quảng Nam Province, Vietnam, in 1912...
    
    , Chairman of the State Council of Vietnam
    President of Vietnam
    The President of Vietnam is the head of state of Vietnam, although the functions of the President are often ceremonial...
    
     (1987–1992)
  • Premier -
    1. Đỗ Mười, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Vietnam
       Prime Minister of Vietnam
       -Office:The Prime Minister of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is the head of the executive branch of the Vietnamese government. The Prime Minister presides over the Vietnamese cabinet, and is responsible for appointing and supervising ministers...
       
        (1988–1991)
    2. Võ Văn Kiệt
       Vo Van Kiet
       Võ Văn Kiệt was a Vietnamese politician and statesman. He was a veteran fighter in the long war against French and then American military forces in South Vietnam, and lost his first wife and two children to US bombing...
       
       , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Vietnam
       Prime Minister of Vietnam
       -Office:The Prime Minister of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is the head of the executive branch of the Vietnamese government. The Prime Minister presides over the Vietnamese cabinet, and is responsible for appointing and supervising ministers...
       
        (1991–1997)
•  Yemen -
  • President - Ali Abdullah Saleh
    Ali Abdullah Saleh
    Field Marshal Ali Abdullah Saleh is the first President of the Republic of Yemen. Saleh previously served as President of the Yemen Arab Republic from 1978 until 1990, at which time he assumed the office of chairman of the Presidential Council of a post-unification Yemen. He is the...
    
    , President of Yemen
    President of Yemen
    The President of the Republic of Yemen is the head of state of Yemen.Under the Constitution of Yemen, the president is also the supreme commander of the armed forces and head of the executive branch of the Yemeni government....
    
     (1978–present)
  • Prime Minister - Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas
    Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas
    Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas was appointed Prime Minister of Yemen by President Ali Abdullah Saleh when the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen and Yemen Arab Republic united in 1990 to form present-day Yemen. Al-Attas served until 1994...
    
    , Prime Minister of Yemen
    Prime Minister of Yemen
    The Prime Minister of the Republic of Yemen is the head of government in that country. The current Prime Minister, Ali Muhammad Mujawar, has held the position since 7 April 2007. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President...
    
     (1990–1994)

Europe

•  Albania
  • the Socialist People's Republic of Albania changed into the Republic of Albania
    Albania
    Albania , officially known as the Republic of Albania , is a country in Southeastern Europe, in the Balkans region. It is bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, the Republic of Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south and southeast. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea...
    
     on 30 April 1991
  • Communist Party leader - Ramiz Alia
    Ramiz Alia
    was the second and last communist leader of Albania from 1985-91, and the President of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania from 1991 to 1992, and also the first President of the post communist Albania elected in 1991-92. He had been designated as successor by Enver Hoxha and took power after...
    
    , First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labour
    Albanian Party of Labour
    The Party of Labour of Albania was the sole legal political party in Albania during communist rule...
    
     (1985–1991)
  • Head of State - Ramiz Alia
    Ramiz Alia
    was the second and last communist leader of Albania from 1985-91, and the President of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania from 1991 to 1992, and also the first President of the post communist Albania elected in 1991-92. He had been designated as successor by Enver Hoxha and took power after...
    
    , Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania (1982–1992)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Adil Çarçani
       Adil Çarçani
       Adil Çarçani was an Albanian politician in the Communist regime led by Enver Hoxha. He served as the titular head of the Albanian government in the years immediately preceding the fall of the Communist regime....
       
       , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Albania (1981–1991)
    2. Fatos Nano
       Fatos Nano
       Fatos Thanas Nano is an Albanian economist who was Prime Minister of Albania during several periods, the first leader of the Socialist Party of Albania, and member of the Albanian Parliament from 1991 to 1996 and 1997 to 2009...
       
       , Prime Minister of Albania (1991)
    3. Ylli Bufi
       Ylli Bufi
       Ylli Bufi is an Albanian politician who served briefly as Prime Minister of Albania in 1991. He was a member of Albanian Parliament, and also a member of Socialist Party of Albania.-References:...
       
       , Prime Minister of Albania (1991)
    4. Vilson Ahmeti
       Vilson Ahmeti
       Vilson Ahmeti is an Albanian political figure. He served as the prime minister of Albania between 10 December 1991 and 13 April 1992.- References :...
       
       , Prime Minister of Albania (1991–1992)
•  Andorra -
  • Monarchs -
    • French Co-Prince - François Mitterrand
      François Mitterrand
      François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand was the 21st President of the French Republic and ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra, serving from 1981 until 1995. He is the longest-serving President of France and, as leader of the Socialist Party, the only figure from the left so far elected President...
      
      , French Co-Prince of Andorra (1981–1995)
    • Episcopal Co-Prince - Joan Martí i Alanis, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1971–2003)
  • Prime Minister - Òscar Ribas Reig
    Òscar Ribas Reig
    Oscar Ribas Reig was the first prime minister of Andorra in 1982. He twice served as head of government, firstly from 8 January 1982 to 21 May 1984 with National Liberal party and then from 12 January 1990 to 7 December 1994 with the National Democratic Agreement party...
    
    , Head of Government of Andorra
    Head of Government of Andorra
    The Head of Government is the chief executive of the government of the Principality of Andorra.The current Cap de Govern is Antoni Martí.-Heads of Government:-See also:*List of Co-Princes of Andorra...
    
     (1990–1994)  Armenia -
  • the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic declared independence on 23 September 1991
  • President - Levon Ter-Petrossian
    Levon Ter-Petrossian
    Levon Ter-Petrossian , sometimes transliterated Levon Ter-Petrosyan or Ter-Petrosian , was the first President of Armenia from 1991 to 1998...
    
    , President of Armenia
    President of Armenia
    President of Armenia is the title of the head of state of Armenia since its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.-Democratic Republic of Armenia :*Avetis Aharonyan *Avetik Sahakyan *Avetis Aharonyan -Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and Armenian...
    
     (1990–1998)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Vazgen Manukyan
       Vazgen Manukyan
       Vazgen Manukyan was Prime Minister of Armenia from 1990 to 1991. From 1992 to 1993 Manukyan was acting Minister of Defense....
       
       , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Armenian SSR
       Prime Minister of Armenia
       The Prime Minister of Armenia is the most senior minister within the Armenian government, and is required by the constitution to "oversee the Government's regular activities and coordinate the work of the Ministers." The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Armenia, but can be removed by...
       
        (1990–1991)
    2. Hrant Bagratyan
       Hrant Bagratyan
       Hrant Bagratyan was born on October 18, 1958, in Yerevan, Armenia. He was the Prime Minister of Armenia from February 2, 1993 until November 4, 1996. He was a member of the Pan-Armenian National Movement party. He has PhD in Economics, author of more than 52 scientific articles and 7 books...
       
       , Prime Minister of Armenia
       Prime Minister of Armenia
       The Prime Minister of Armenia is the most senior minister within the Armenian government, and is required by the constitution to "oversee the Government's regular activities and coordinate the work of the Ministers." The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Armenia, but can be removed by...
       
        (1991)
    3. Gagik Harutyunyan
       Gagik Harutyunyan
       Gagik Harutyunyan born on March 23, 1948 in Kotayk Province of Armenia. On November 22, 1991 he was elected Prime Minister of Armenia until July 30, 1992....
       
       , Prime Minister of Armenia
       Prime Minister of Armenia
       The Prime Minister of Armenia is the most senior minister within the Armenian government, and is required by the constitution to "oversee the Government's regular activities and coordinate the work of the Ministers." The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Armenia, but can be removed by...
       
        (1991–1992)
•  Austria -
  • President - Kurt Waldheim
    Kurt Waldheim
    Kurt Josef Waldheim was an Austrian diplomat and politician. Waldheim was the fourth Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1972 to 1981, and the ninth President of Austria, from 1986 to 1992...
    
    , Federal President of Austria
    President of Austria
    The President of Austria is the federal head of state of Austria. Though theoretically entrusted with great power by the constitution, in practice the President acts, for the most part, merely as a ceremonial figurehead...
    
     (1986–1992)
  • Chancellor - Franz Vranitzky
    Franz Vranitzky
    Franz Vranitzky is an Austrian politician. A member of the Social Democratic Party of Austria , he was Chancellor of Austria from 1986 to 1997.-Early life and career:...
    
    , Federal Chancellor of Austria
    Chancellor of Austria
    The Federal Chancellor is the head of government in Austria. Its deputy is the Vice-Chancellor. Before 1918, the equivalent office was the Minister-President of Austria. The Federal Chancellor is considered to be the most powerful political position in Austrian politics.-Appointment:The...
    
     (1986–1997)  Azerbaijan -
  • the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic declared independence on 30 August 1991
  • President - Ayaz Mütallibov
    Ayaz Mütallibov
    Ayaz Niyazi oğlu Mütallibov was the last leader of Soviet Azerbaijan, and the first President of independent Azerbaijan from October 1991 till May 1992.-Biography:...
    
    , President of Azerbaijan
    President of Azerbaijan
    The country of Azerbaijan is a presidential republic, with the President of Azerbaijan as the head of state, and the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan as head of government...
    
     (1990–1992)
  • Prime Minister - Hasan Hasanov
    Hasan Hasanov
    Hasan Hasanov Aziz oglu is an Azerbaijani politician and diplomat. He served as Azerbaijan's last communist leader, as its Prime Minister of Azerbaijan both during the Soviet rule and Azerbaijan's subsequent independence after the collapse of Soviet Union but eventually resigned.-Early...
    
    , Prime Minister of Azerbaijan
    Prime Minister of Azerbaijan
    The Prime Minister of Azerbaijan is the head of government of Azerbaijan. The current prime minister is Artur Rasizade.-Prime Ministers:* Fath Ali Khan Khoyski * Nasib Yusifbeyli...
    
     (1990–1992)  Belarus -
  • the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic declared independence on 25 August 1991
  • Head of State -
    1. Nikolay Dementyey, Chairman of Supreme Soviet of Byelorussian SSR (1989–1991)
    2. Stanislau Shushkevich, Chairman of Supreme Soviet of Belarus (1991–1994)
  • Premier - Vyachaslau Kebich
    Vyachaslau Kebich
    Vyachaslau Frantsavich Kebich is a political figure from Belarus. He was the first Prime Minister of the Republic of Belarus, serving from 1991 until 1994, having held the equivalent office of the Byelorussian SSR since 1990. Kebich was also one of two candidates in the final running for President...
    
    , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Belarus (1990–1994)
•  Belgium -
  • Monarch - Baudouin I, King of the Belgians (1951–1993)
  • Prime Minister - Wilfried Martens
    Wilfried Martens
    Wilfried Martens is a Belgian politician. He was born in Sleidinge . Martens was the 44th Prime Minister of Belgium from 3 April 1979 to 6 April 1981 and 17 December 1981 to 7 March 1992....
    
    , Prime Minister of Belgium (1981–1992)
•  Kingdom of Bulgaria -
  • President - Zhelyu Zhelev
    Zhelyu Zhelev
    Zhelyu Mitev Zhelev is a Bulgarian politician and former dissident who was the first democratically elected President of Bulgaria, he is elected for his first mandate by the Parliament for the period 1990 to 1992, in January 1992 general elections are held when he is reelected for his second...
    
    , President of Bulgaria (1990–1997)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Dimitar Popov
       Dimitar Iliev Popov
       Dimitar Iliev Popov was a leading Bulgarian judge and the first Prime Minister of the country not to be a member of the Bulgarian Communist Party since 1946....
       
       , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1990–1991)
    2. Philip Dimitrov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1991–1992)
•  Independent State of Croatia -
  • Socialist Republic of Croatia
    Socialist Republic of Croatia
    Socialist Republic of Croatia was a sovereign constituent country of the second Yugoslavia. It came to existence during World War II, becoming a socialist state after the war, and was also renamed four times in its existence . It was the second largest republic in Yugoslavia by territory and...
    
     declared independence on 25 June 1991
  • President - Franjo Tuđman, President of Croatia
    President of Croatia
    The President of Croatia , officially styled the President of the Republic represents the Republic of Croatia in the country and abroad as the head of state, maintains the regular and coordinated operation and stability of the national government system, and safeguards the independence and...
    
     (1990–1999)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Josip Manolić
       Josip Manolic
       Josip Manolić is a Croatian politician who was one of the most important public figures in 1990s Croatia. He was prime minister of the Republic of Croatia from August 24, 1990 to July 17, 1991.-Background and political career:...
       
       , President of the Government of Croatia (1990–1991)
    2. Franjo Gregurić
       Franjo Greguric
       Franjo Gregurić is a Croatian politician who served as prime minister of Croatia from July 1991 to September 1992.Gregurić was born in the Zagorje village of Lobor. He attended the Technical highschool in Zagreb, and then the Technical Faculty of the University of Zagreb...
       
       , President of the Government of Croatia (1991–1992)
  •   Republic of Serbian Krajina
    Republic of Serbian Krajina
    The Republic of Serbian Krajina was a self-proclaimed Serb entity within Croatia. Established in 1991, it was not recognized internationally. It formally existed from 1991 to 1995, having been initiated a year earlier via smaller separatist regions. The name Krajina means "frontier"...
    
     (unrecognized secessionist state)
    • declared independence on 19 December 1991
    • President - Milan Babić
      Milan Babic
      Milan Babić was from 1991 to 1995 the first President of the Republic of Serbian Krajina, a Croatian region at the time of the war largely populated by a Serbs of Croatia that wished to break away from Croatia.He was indicted for war crimes by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former...
      
      , President of Serbian Krajina (1991–1992)
    • Prime Minister - Dusan Vještica, Prime Minister of Serbian Krajina (1991–1992)
•  Cyprus -
  • President - George Vasiliou
    George Vasiliou
    Georgios Vasos Vassiliou was the third President of the Republic of Cyprus from 1988 to 1993. He was also the founder and leader of the Cypriot United Democrats party and a highly successful businessman....
    
    , President of Cyprus (1988–1993)
  •  Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (unrecognized, secessionist state)
    • President - Rauf Denktaş
      Rauf Denktas
      Rauf Raif Denktaş is the founder and the first president of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus , a de facto state which is only recognized by Turkey...
      
      , President of Northern Cyprus
      President of Northern Cyprus
      The President of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is the head of state of the TRNC. Rauf Denktaş was the first and founder president of TRNC, and retired in 2005. His position was taken over by Mehmet Ali Talat, followed by the current president, Derviş Eroğlu.In the Turkish Republic of...
      
       (1975–2005)
    • Prime Minister - Derviş Eroğlu
      Dervis Eroglu
      Dr. Derviş Eroğlu is the President of the unrecognized Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. He was Prime Minister of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus from 1985 to 1994 and from 1996 to 2004, and leader of the National Unity Party. His party won the general elections in 2009 and Eroğlu...
      
      , Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus
      Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus
      The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President is head of state and the Prime Minister head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative...
      
       (1985–1994) Czech and Slovak Federal Republic
      Czech and Slovak Federal Republic
      Czech and Slovak Federal Republic was the official name of Czechoslovakia from April 1990 until 31 December 1992, when the country was dissolved into the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic.- Adoption of the name :Since 1960, Czechoslovakia's official name had been Czechoslovak Socialist Republic...
      
      -
  • President - Václav Havel
    Václav Havel
    Václav Havel is a Czech playwright, essayist, poet, dissident and politician. He was the tenth and last President of Czechoslovakia and the first President of the Czech Republic . He has written over twenty plays and numerous non-fiction works, translated internationally...
    
    , President of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic (1989–1992)
  • Prime Minister - Marián Čalfa
    Marián Calfa
    Marián Čalfa was a Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia during and after the Velvet Revolution, as well as acting President for 19 days, and was a key facilitator of smooth power transfer from the Communists to a new democratic representation.An ethnic Slovak, he was a member of KSČ, the Communist...
    
    , Prime Minister of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic (1989–1992) Denmark
    Kingdom of Denmark
    The Kingdom of Denmark or the Danish Realm , is a constitutional monarchy and sovereign state consisting of Denmark proper in northern Europe and two autonomous constituent countries, the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic and Greenland in North America. Denmark is the hegemonial part, where the...
    
    
  • Monarch - Margrethe II
    Margrethe II of Denmark
    Margrethe II is the Queen regnant of the Kingdom of Denmark. In 1972 she became the first female monarch of Denmark since Margaret I, ruler of the Scandinavian countries in 1375-1412 during the Kalmar Union.-Early life:...
    
    , Queen of Denmark (1972–present)
  • Prime Minister - Poul Schlüter
    Poul Schlüter
    Poul Holmskov Schlüter is a Danish politician, who served as Prime Minister of Denmark from 1982 to 1993.Born in Tønder, south Jutland, he graduated from the University of Copenhagen in 1957 with a degree in law, and joined the bar in 1960. Schlüter was a member of the Danish Parliament for the...
    
    , Prime Minister of Denmark (1982–1993)
•  Estonia
  • The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
    Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
    The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic , often abbreviated as Estonian SSR or ESSR, was a republic of the Soviet Union, administered by and subordinated to the Government of the Soviet Union...
    
     changed its name to the Republic of Estonia on May 8, 1990 and declared independence on 20 August 1991, thus the exiled Republic of Estonia regained control over their national territory. This was recognized by the Soviet Union on 6 September 1991
  • Head of State - Arnold Rüütel
    Arnold Rüütel
    Arnold Rüütel OIH was the third President of the Republic of Estonia from October 8, 2001 to October 9, 2006. He was the second President since Estonia regained its independence in 1991....
    
    , Chairman of the Supreme Council of Estonia (1990–1992)
  • Prime Minister - Edgar Savisaar
    Edgar Savisaar
    Edgar Savisaar , is an Estonian politician, one of the founding members of Popular Front of Estonia and the leader of the Centre Party. He has served as the acting Prime Minister of Estonia, Minister of Internal affairs and Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications...
    
    , Prime Minister of the Interim Government of Estonia
    Prime Minister of Estonia
    The Prime Minister of Estonia is the head of government of the Republic of Estonia. The prime minister is nominated by the President after appropriate consultations with the parliamentary factions and confirmed by the Parliament. In case of disagreement, the Parliament can reject the President's...
    
     (1990–1992)
•  Finland -
  • President - Mauno Koivisto
    Mauno Koivisto
    Mauno Henrik Koivisto is a Finnish politician who served as the ninth President of Finland from 1982 to 1994. He also served as Prime Minister 1968–1970 and 1979–1982...
    
    , President of Finland
    President of Finland
    The President of the Republic of Finland is the nation's head of state. Under the Finnish constitution, executive power is vested in the President and the government, with the President possessing extensive powers. The President is elected directly by the people of Finland for a term of six years....
    
    , (1982–1994)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Harri Holkeri, Prime Minister of Finland
       Prime Minister of Finland
       The Prime Minister is the Head of Government of Finland. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President, who is the Head of State. The current Prime Minister is Jyrki Katainen of the National Coalition Party.-Overview:...
       
       , (1987–1991)
    2. Esko Aho
       Esko Aho
       Esko Tapani Aho is a statesman and former Prime Minister of Finland.-Early life and career:Aho was born in Veteli, Finland. Prior to attending university, he began a career in politics. From 1974 to 1979, he was Chairman of the Finnish Centre Youth, which had before him grown many of his...
       
       , Prime Minister of Finland
       Prime Minister of Finland
       The Prime Minister is the Head of Government of Finland. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President, who is the Head of State. The current Prime Minister is Jyrki Katainen of the National Coalition Party.-Overview:...
       
       , (1991–1995)
•  Early Modern France -
  • President - François Mitterrand
    François Mitterrand
    François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand was the 21st President of the French Republic and ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra, serving from 1981 until 1995. He is the longest-serving President of France and, as leader of the Socialist Party, the only figure from the left so far elected President...
    
    , President of France
    President of the French Republic
    The President of the French Republic colloquially referred to in English as the President of France, is France's elected Head of State....
    
     (1981–1995)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Michel Rocard
       Michel Rocard
       Michel Rocard is a French politician, member of the Socialist Party . He served as Prime Minister under François Mitterrand from 1988 to 1991, during which he created the Revenu minimum d'insertion , a social minimum welfare program for indigents, and led the Matignon Accords regarding the status...
       
       , Prime Minister of France (1988–1991)
    2. Édith Cresson
       Édith Cresson
       Édith Cresson is a French politician. She was the first and so far only woman to have held the office of Prime Minister of France.- French Prime Minister :Cresson was appointed to the prime ministerial post by President François Mitterrand on 15 May 1991...
       
       , Prime Minister of France (1991–1992)
•  Georgia (country) -
  • the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic declared independence on 9 April 1991
  • President - Zviad Gamsakhurdia
    Zviad Gamsakhurdia
    Zviad Gamsakhurdia was a dissident, scientist and writer, who became the first democratically elected President of the Republic of Georgia in the post-Soviet era...
    
    , President of Georgia
    President of Georgia
    The President of Georgia is the head of state, supreme commander-in-chief and holder of the highest office within the Government of Georgia. Executive power is split between the President and the Prime Minister, who is the head of government...
    
     (1990–1992)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Tengiz Sigua
       Tengiz Sigua
       Tengiz Sigua is a Georgian politician and former Prime Minister of the country.Sigua was an engineer by profession and entered politics on the eve of the Soviet Union’s collapse. In 1990, he headed the Rustaveli Society of All Georgia and led an expert group of the bloc “Round Table-Free Georgia”...
       
       , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Georgian SSR
       Prime Minister of Georgia
       The Prime Minister of Georgia is the most senior minister within the Cabinet of Georgia, appointed by the President of Georgia. The official title of the Head of the Government of Georgia has varied throughout history, however, the duties and functions of the leader have changed only marginally....
       
        (1990–1991)
    2. Murman Omanidze, Acting Prime Minister of Georgia
       Prime Minister of Georgia
       The Prime Minister of Georgia is the most senior minister within the Cabinet of Georgia, appointed by the President of Georgia. The official title of the Head of the Government of Georgia has varied throughout history, however, the duties and functions of the leader have changed only marginally....
       
        (1991)
    3. Bessarion Gugushvili
       Bessarion Gugushvili
       Besarion Gugushvili is a Georgian politician and a former Prime Minister of the country.Gugushvili was appointed prime minister, on August 26, 1991, after Tengiz Sigua resigned in August 1991. The closest associate of Georgia’s former President Zviad Gamsakhurdia, he followed him into exile after...
       
       , Prime Minister of Georgia
       Prime Minister of Georgia
       The Prime Minister of Georgia is the most senior minister within the Cabinet of Georgia, appointed by the President of Georgia. The official title of the Head of the Government of Georgia has varied throughout history, however, the duties and functions of the leader have changed only marginally....
       
        (1991–1992)
  •  South Ossetia (unrecognized secessionist state)
    • declared independence on 28 November 1991
    • Head of State -
      1. Znaur Gassiyev, Chairman of the Supreme Council of South Ossetia
         President of South Ossetia
         The President of the Republic of South Ossetia is the de facto head of state of the partially recognized Republic of South Ossetia that is de jure part of Georgia...
         
          (1991)
      2. Torez Kulumbegov
         Torez Kulumbegov
         Torez Georgievich Kulumbegov , was a political leader of South Ossetia, a former Soviet Autonomous Oblast which unilaterally elevated its status to Republic in 1990 and declared its independence from Georgia in 1991. Kulumbegov ruled as chairman of the Presidium of the South Ossetian Supreme...
         
         , Chairman of the Supreme Council of South Ossetia
         President of South Ossetia
         The President of the Republic of South Ossetia is the de facto head of state of the partially recognized Republic of South Ossetia that is de jure part of Georgia...
         
          (1991–1993)
    • Prime Minister - Oleg Tziyev, Prime Minister of South Ossetia
      Prime Minister of South Ossetia
      The Prime Minister of South Ossetia is the head of government of the Republic of South Ossetia.-List of Prime Ministers of the Republic of South Ossetia :-Sources: * Osinform:...
      
       (1991–1993)
•  Germany -
  • President - Richard von Weizsäcker
    Richard von Weizsäcker
    Richard Karl Freiherr von Weizsäcker , known as Richard von Weizsäcker, is a German politician . He served as Governing Mayor of West Berlin from 1981 to 1984, and as President of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1984 to 1994...
    
    , Federal President of Germany
    President of Germany
    The President of the Federal Republic of Germany is the country's head of state. His official title in German is Bundespräsident . Germany has a parliamentary system of government and so the position of President is largely ceremonial...
    
     (1984–1994)
  • Chancellor - Helmut Kohl
    Helmut Kohl
    Helmut Josef Michael Kohl is a German conservative politician and statesman. He was Chancellor of Germany from 1982 to 1998 and the chairman of the Christian Democratic Union from 1973 to 1998...
    
    , Federal Chancellor of Germany (1982–1998)
•  Greece -
  • President - Konstantinos Karamanlis, President of Greece (1990–1995)
  • Prime Minister - Konstantinos Mitsotakis, Prime Minister of Greece (1990–1993)
•  Hungary -
  • President - Árpád Göncz
    Árpád Göncz
    Árpád Göncz is a Hungarian liberal politician and former President of Hungary . Göncz played a role in the Hungarian Revolution of 1956...
    
    , President of Hungary
    Heads of state of Hungary
    -Hungarian Revolution of 1848:Parties-Hungarian Democratic Republic :Parties-Hungarian Soviet Republic :Parties-Romanian Occupation :Parties-Kingdom of Hungary :...
    
     (1990–2000)
  • Prime Minister - József Antall
    József Antall
    József Antall was the first democratically-elected Prime Minister of Hungary after the fall of Communism , teacher, librarian, historian and political figure...
    
    , Prime Minister of Hungary (1990–1993)
•  Iceland -
  • President - Vigdís Finnbogadóttir
    Vigdís Finnbogadóttir
    Vigdís Finnbogadóttir is an Icelandic politician who served as the fourth President of Iceland from 1980 to 1996. In addition to being both Iceland's and Europe's first female president, she was the world's first democratically elected female head of state...
    
    , President of Iceland
    President of Iceland
    The President of Iceland is Iceland's elected head of state. The president is elected to a four-year term by universal adult suffrage and has limited powers. The president is not the head of government; the Prime Minister of Iceland is the head of government. There have been five presidents since...
    
     (1980–1996)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Steingrímur Hermannsson
       Steingrímur Hermannsson
       Steingrímur Hermannsson was Prime Minister of Iceland.-Early childhood:Steingrímur's father was Hermann Jónasson, another former Prime Minister. Being the son a prominent official, Steingrímur enjoyed a relatively care-free upbringing in a country stricken by the Great Depression...
       
       , Prime Minister of Iceland
       Prime Minister of Iceland
       The Prime Minister of Iceland is Iceland's head of government. The prime minister is appointed formally by the President and exercises executive authority along with the cabinet subject to parliamentary support....
       
        (1988–1991)
    2. Davíð Oddsson
       Davíð Oddsson
       Davíð Oddsson is an Icelandic politician and the longest-serving Prime Minister of Iceland, holding office from 1991 to 2004. He also served as Foreign Minister from 2004 to 2005. Previously, he was Mayor of Reykjavík from 1982 to 1991, and he chaired the board of governors of the Central Bank of...
       
       , Prime Minister of Iceland
       Prime Minister of Iceland
       The Prime Minister of Iceland is Iceland's head of government. The prime minister is appointed formally by the President and exercises executive authority along with the cabinet subject to parliamentary support....
       
        (1991–2004)
•  Republic of Ireland -
  • President - Mary Robinson
    Mary Robinson
    Mary Therese Winifred Robinson served as the seventh, and first female, President of Ireland from 1990 to 1997, and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, from 1997 to 2002. She first rose to prominence as an academic, barrister, campaigner and member of the Irish Senate...
    
    , President of Ireland
    President of Ireland
    The President of Ireland is the head of state of Ireland. The President is usually directly elected by the people for seven years, and can be elected for a maximum of two terms. The presidency is largely a ceremonial office, but the President does exercise certain limited powers with absolute...
    
     (1990–1997)
  • Prime Minister - Charles Haughey
    Charles Haughey
    Charles James "Charlie" Haughey was Taoiseach of Ireland, serving three terms in office . He was also the fourth leader of Fianna Fáil...
    
    , Taoiseach of Ireland
    Taoiseach
    The Taoiseach is the head of government or prime minister of Ireland. The Taoiseach is appointed by the President upon the nomination of Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Oireachtas , and must, in order to remain in office, retain the support of a majority in the Dáil.The current Taoiseach is...
    
     (1987–1992)
•  Italy -
  • President - Francesco Cossiga
    Francesco Cossiga
    Francesco Cossiga was an Italian politician, the 43rd Prime Minister and the eighth President of the Italian Republic. He was also a professor of constitutional law at the University of Sassari....
    
    , President of Italy (1985–1992)
  • Prime Minister - Giulio Andreotti
    Giulio Andreotti
    Giulio Andreotti is an Italian politician of the now dissolved centrist Christian Democracy party. He served as the 42nd Prime Minister of Italy from 1972 to 1973, from 1976 to 1979 and from 1989 to 1992. He also served as Minister of the Interior , Defense Minister and Foreign Minister and he...
    
    , President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1989–1992)
•  Latvia -
  • the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic declared independence on 21 August which was recognized by the Soviet Union on 6 September 1991
  • Head of State - Anatolijs Gorbunovs
    Anatolijs Gorbunovs
    Anatolijs Gorbunovs also formerly known as Anatoly Valeryanovich Gorbunov is a Latvian politician who served as the parliamentary speaker during the last years of Soviet regime in Latvia and during the first years after the country regained its independence...
    
    , Chairman of the Supreme Council of Latvia
    Supreme Council of the Republic of Latvia
    Supreme Council of the Republic of Latvia was the transitional parliament of Latvia from 1990 to 1993, after the restoration of independence. The Supreme Council was elected on 1990 as the Supreme Soviet of the Latvian SSR. On 1990 it declared the restoration of independence of Latvia and began a...
    
     (1988–1993)
  • Prime Minister - Ivars Godmanis
    Ivars Godmanis
    Ivars Godmanis is a Latvian politician and currently 1 of the 8 Latvian MEPs in the European parliament. He was the first Prime Minister of Latvia after the country became independent from the Soviet Union, and he became a Prime Minister for the second time in December 2007.Godmanis served as...
    
    , Prime Minister of Latvia
    Prime Minister of Latvia
    The Prime Minister of Latvia is the most powerful member of the Government of the Republic of Latvia, and presides over the Latvian Cabinet of Ministers...
    
     (1990–1993)
•  Liechtenstein -
  • Monarch - Hans-Adam II
    Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein
    Hans-Adam II , is the reigning Prince of Liechtenstein. He is the son of Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein and his wife Countess Georgina von Wilczek . He also bears the titles Duke of Troppau and Jägerndorf, Count of Rietberg...
    
    , Prince of Liechtenstein (1989–present)
  • Prime Minister - Hans Brunhart
    Hans Brunhart
    Hans Brunhart was the Head of Government, foreign minister and finance minister of the principality of Liechtenstein from April 26, 1978 until May 26, 1993. He was a member of the Patriotic Union party , a liberal and social oriented party...
    
    , Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1978–1993)
•  Lithuania -
  • the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic's independence, declared on 11 March 1990, was recognized by the Soviet Union on 6 September 1991
  • Head of State - Vytautas Landsbergis
    Vytautas Landsbergis
    Professor Vytautas Landsbergis is a Lithuanian conservative politician and Member of the European Parliament. He was the first head of state of Lithuania after its independence declaration from the Soviet Union, and served as the Head of the Lithuanian Parliament Seimas...
    
    , Chairman of the Supreme Council of Lithuania (1990–1992)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Kazimira Prunskienė
       Kazimira Prunskiene
       Kazimira Danutė Prunskienė was the first Prime Minister of Lithuania after the declaration of independence of March 11, 1990 and Minister of Agriculture in the government of Gediminas Kirkilas....
       
       , Prime Minister of Lithuania
       Prime Minister of Lithuania
       The Prime Minister of Lithuania is the head of the executive arm of Lithuania's government, and is chosen by the Lithuanian parliament, the Seimas. The modern office of Prime Minister was established in 1990, although the official title was "Chairperson of the Council of Ministers" until 25...
       
        (1990–1991)
    2. Albertas Šimėnas
       Albertas Šimenas
       Albertas Šimėnas was Prime Minister of Lithuania for 3 days, from January 10 to January 13, 1991. He disappeared during the January Events and was replaced by Gediminas Vagnorius....
       
       , Prime Minister of Lithuania
       Prime Minister of Lithuania
       The Prime Minister of Lithuania is the head of the executive arm of Lithuania's government, and is chosen by the Lithuanian parliament, the Seimas. The modern office of Prime Minister was established in 1990, although the official title was "Chairperson of the Council of Ministers" until 25...
       
        (1991)
    3. Gediminas Vagnorius
       Gediminas Vagnorius
       Gediminas Vagnorius is a Lithuanian politician and signatory of the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania. He served as the Prime Minister of Lithuania between 1991 and 1992, and again from 1996 until 1999....
       
       , Prime Minister of Lithuania
       Prime Minister of Lithuania
       The Prime Minister of Lithuania is the head of the executive arm of Lithuania's government, and is chosen by the Lithuanian parliament, the Seimas. The modern office of Prime Minister was established in 1990, although the official title was "Chairperson of the Council of Ministers" until 25...
       
        (1991–1992)
•  Luxembourg -
  • Monarch - Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
    Grand Duke of Luxembourg
    The Grand Duke of Luxembourg is the sovereign monarch and head of state of Luxembourg. Luxembourg has been a grand duchy since 15 March 1815, when it was elevated from a duchy when placed in personal union with the United Kingdom of the Netherlands...
    
     (1964–2000)
  • Prime Minister - Jacques Santer, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1984–1995) Macedonia
    Republic of Macedonia
    Macedonia , officially the Republic of Macedonia , is a country located in the central Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. It is one of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, from which it declared independence in 1991...
    
    -
  • the Socialist Republic of Macedonia
    Socialist Republic of Macedonia
    The Socialist Republic of Macedonia was a socialist state that was a constituent country of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia...
    
     declared independence on 18 September 1991
  • President -
    1. Vladimir Mitkov, President of the Presidency of Macedonia
       President of the Republic of Macedonia
       The President of the Republic of Macedonia is the head of state of the Republic of Macedonia. The institution of the Presidency of the modern Republic of Macedonia began after the Macedonian declaration of independence on 8 September 1991. Its first president was Kiro Gligorov, the oldest president...
       
        (1990–1991)
    2. Kiro Gligorov
       Kiro Gligorov
       Kiro Gligorov , born May 3, 1917) was the first democratically elected President of the Republic of Macedonia. His son Vladimir Gligorov is the refounder of the Serbian Democratic Party.- Biography :...
       
       , President of Macedonia
       President of the Republic of Macedonia
       The President of the Republic of Macedonia is the head of state of the Republic of Macedonia. The institution of the Presidency of the modern Republic of Macedonia began after the Macedonian declaration of independence on 8 September 1991. Its first president was Kiro Gligorov, the oldest president...
       
        (1991–1999)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Gligorije Gogovski, Chairman of the Executive Council of Macedonia
       Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia
       The Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia is the head of government of the Republic of Macedonia. He or she is the leader of a political coalition in the Macedonian parliament and the leader of the cabinet...
       
        (1986–1991)
    2. Nikola Kljusev
       Nikola Kljusev
       Nikola Kljusev was a Macedonian academician and politician. Kljusev served as the first Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia from January 27, 1991 until August 17, 1992, following the country's independence from the former Yugoslavia in 1991.-Early life:Nikola Kljusev was born in Štip,...
       
       , Prime Minister of Macedonia
       Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia
       The Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia is the head of government of the Republic of Macedonia. He or she is the leader of a political coalition in the Macedonian parliament and the leader of the cabinet...
       
        (1991–1992)
•  Malta -
  • President - Ċensu Tabone
    Censu Tabone
    Vincent "Ċensu" Tabone was the fourth President of Malta and a former Minister and Nationalist MP.-Early years:Ċensu "Il-King" Tabone is the son of Niccolò and Elisa Tabone, the youngest of ten children. His paternal grandmother, Giuseppina De Gaetani, had settled in Valletta in the mid-19th...
    
    , President of Malta
    President of Malta
    The President of Malta is the constitutional head of state of Malta.The President is appointed by a resolution of the House of Representatives of Malta for a five year term, taking an oath to "preserve, protect and defend" the Constitution....
    
     (1989–1994)
  • Prime Minister - Eddie Fenech Adami
    Eddie Fenech Adami
    Edward “Eddie” Fenech Adami is a Maltese politician who was Prime Minister of Malta from 1987 until 1996 and again from 1998 until 2004...
    
    , Prime Minister of Malta
    Prime Minister of Malta
    The Prime Minister of Malta is the Head of Government of Malta.-Establishment of the office and developments:The office of "Head of Ministry" was created as soon as Malta was granted autonomous government in 1921. The 1921 constitution was suspended twice before being revoked...
    
     (1987–1996)
•  Moldova -
  • the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic declared independence on 27 August 1991
  • President - Mircea Snegur
    Mircea Snegur
    Mircea Ion Snegur was the first President of Moldova 1990-1996. Before that he was Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet 1989-1990 and Chairman of the Supreme Soviet from 27 April to 3 September 1990...
    
    , President of Moldova
    President of Moldova
    The President of the Republic of Moldova is the head of state of Moldova.-Description of the post:According to the Article 77 of the Constitution of Moldova , the President of Moldova is the head of the State and represents the State and is the guarantor of national sovereignty, independence, of...
    
     (1989–1997)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Mircea Druc
       Mircea Druc
       Mircea Druc is a Moldovan and Romanian politician who served as Prime Minister of Moldova between 26 May 1990 and 22 May 1991....
       
       , Prime Minister of Moldova (1990–1991)
    2. Valeriu Muravschi
       Valeriu Muravschi
       Valeriu Muravschi is a Moldovan politician and businessman who served as Prime Minister of Moldova between 28 May 1991 and 1 July 1992.-Early life and career:...
       
       , Prime Minister of Moldova (1991–1992)
  •  Gagauzia (unrecognized secessionist state)
    • President - Stepan Topal
      Stepan Topal
      Stepan Mikhailovich Topal is a Gagauz politician from Moldova. From 1990 to 1995 he served as Governor of Gagauzia.-Leader of Gagauzia's separatist movement:By training, Topal is a road engineer...
      
      , President of Gagauzia (1990–1995)
  •  Transnistria (unrecognized secessionist state)
    • President - Igor Smirnov
      Igor Smirnov
      Igor Nikolaevich Smirnov , is the President of the internationally unrecognized Pridnestrovian Moldovan Republic, also known as Transnistria. He has held this post since 1990.- Childhood :...
      
      , President of Transnistria
      President of Transnistria
      The President of Transnistria is the highest elected official of Transnistria, a small unrecognized country which declared independence from Moldova in 1990. The president of the republic is the country's head of state and is commander in chief...
      
       (1990–present)
•  Monaco -
  • Monarch - Rainier III
    Rainier III, Prince of Monaco
    Rainier III, Prince of Monaco , styled His Serene Highness The Sovereign Prince of Monaco, ruled the Principality of Monaco for almost 56 years, making him one of the longest ruling monarchs of the 20th century.Though he was best known outside of Europe for having married American...
    
    , Prince of Monaco
    Prince of Monaco
    The Reigning Prince or Princess of Monaco is the sovereign monarch and head of state of the Principality of Monaco. All Princes or Princesses thus far have taken the name of the House of Grimaldi, but have belonged to various other houses in male line...
    
     (1949–2005)
  • Head of Government -
    1. Jean Ausseil
       Jean Ausseil
       Jean Ausseil was a Minister of State for Monaco. He served between 1985 and 1991. He was born in 1925 and died in 2001. -References:...
       
       , Minister of State of Monaco
       Minister of State (Monaco)
       The Minister of State is the head of the government of Monaco, though he is appointed by and subordinate to the Prince or Princess of Monaco. During his term, he is responsible for leading the government's action and is in charge of foreign relations...
       
        (1985–1991)
    2. Jaques Dupont
       Jaques Dupont
       - Jaques Dupont :Jaques Dupont was an ex-minister of state for Monaco. He served between 1991 and 1994. He was born in 1929 and died in 2002.-References:...
       
       , Minister of State of Monaco
       Minister of State (Monaco)
       The Minister of State is the head of the government of Monaco, though he is appointed by and subordinate to the Prince or Princess of Monaco. During his term, he is responsible for leading the government's action and is in charge of foreign relations...
       
        (1991–1994)
•  Kingdom of the Netherlands
  • Monarch - Beatrix
    Beatrix of the Netherlands
    Beatrix is the Queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands comprising the Netherlands, Curaçao, Sint Maarten, and Aruba. She is the first daughter of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands and Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld. She studied law at Leiden University...
    
    , Queen of the Netherlands (1980–present)
  •  Netherlands (constituent country)
    • Prime Minister - Ruud Lubbers
      Ruud Lubbers
      Rudolphus Franciscus Marie "Ruud" Lubbers is a retired Dutch politician of the Christian Democratic Appeal . He served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from November 4, 1982 until August 22, 1994....
      
      , Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1982–1994)
  •  Netherlands Antilles (constituent country)
    • see under North America
  •  Aruba (constituent country)
    • see under North America
•  Norway -
  • Monarch -
    1. Olav V
       Olav V of Norway
       Olav V was the king of Norway from 1957 until his death. A member of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, Olav was born in the United Kingdom as the son of King Haakon VII of Norway and Queen Maud of Norway...
       
       , King of Norway (1957–1991)
    2. Harald V
       Harald V of Norway
       Harald V is the king of Norway. He succeeded to the throne of Norway upon the death of his father Olav V on 17 January 1991...
       
       , King of Norway (1991–present)
  • Prime Minister - Gro Harlem Brundtland
    Gro Harlem Brundtland
    Gro Harlem Brundtland is a Norwegian Social democratic politician, diplomat, and physician, and an international leader in sustainable development and public health. She served three terms as Prime Minister of Norway , and has served as the Director General of the World Health Organization...
    
    , Prime Minister of Norway
    Heads of government of Norway
    This is a list of heads of government of Norway, who held, inter alia, offices and titles such as steward , viceroy , first minister and prime minister ....
    
     (1990–1996)
•  Poland -
  • President - Lech Wałęsa
    Lech Wałęsa
    Lech Wałęsa is a Polish politician, trade-union organizer, and human-rights activist. A charismatic leader, he co-founded Solidarity , the Soviet bloc's first independent trade union, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983, and served as President of Poland between 1990 and 95.Wałęsa was an electrician...
    
    , President of Poland (1990–1995)
  • Premier -
    1. Tadeusz Mazowiecki
       Tadeusz Mazowiecki
       Tadeusz Mazowiecki is a Polish author, journalist, philanthropist and Christian-democratic politician, formerly one of the leaders of the Solidarity movement, and the first non-communist prime minister in Central and Eastern Europe after World War II.-Biography:Mazowiecki comes from a Polish...
       
       , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland
       Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland
       The Prime Minister of Poland heads the Polish Council of Ministers and directs their work, supervises territorial self-government within the guidelines and in ways described in the Constitution and other legislation, and acts as the superior for all government administration workers...
       
        (1989–1991)
    2. Jan Krzysztof Bielecki
       Jan Krzysztof Bielecki
       Jan Krzysztof Bielecki is a Polish centre politician. He served as Prime Minister of Poland for most of 1991. He is a member of Civic Platform. Chairman of the Council of the Polish Institute of International Affairs....
       
       , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland
       Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland
       The Prime Minister of Poland heads the Polish Council of Ministers and directs their work, supervises territorial self-government within the guidelines and in ways described in the Constitution and other legislation, and acts as the superior for all government administration workers...
       
        (1991)
    3. Jan Olszewski
       Jan Olszewski
       Jan Ferdynand Olszewski is a Polish lawyer and political figure. He is best known for serving as Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland from 1991 to 1992....
       
       , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland
       Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland
       The Prime Minister of Poland heads the Polish Council of Ministers and directs their work, supervises territorial self-government within the guidelines and in ways described in the Constitution and other legislation, and acts as the superior for all government administration workers...
       
        (1991–1992)
•  Portugal -
  • President - Mário Soares
    Mário Soares
    Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares, GColTE, GCC, GColL, KE , Portuguese politician, served as Prime Minister of Portugal from 1976 to 1978 and from 1983 to 1985, and subsequently as the 17th President of Portugal from 1986 to 1996.-Family:...
    
    , President of Portugal (1986–1996)
  • Prime Minister - Aníbal Cavaco Silva
    Aníbal Cavaco Silva
    Aníbal António Cavaco Silva, GCC , is the President of Portugal. He won the Portuguese presidential election on 22 January 2006 and was re-elected on 23 January 2011, for a second five-year term. Cavaco Silva was sworn in on 9 March 2006....
    
    , Prime Minister of Portugal (1985–1995)
•  Kingdom of Romania -
  • President - Ion Iliescu
    Ion Iliescu
    Ion Iliescu served as President of Romania from 1990 until 1996, and from 2000 until 2004. From 1996 to 2000 and from 2004 until his retirement in 2008, Iliescu was a Senator for the Social Democratic Party , whose honorary president he remains....
    
    , President of Romania (1989–1996)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Petre Roman
       Petre Roman
       Petre Roman is a Romanian politician and a former Prime Minister of Romania. He served from 1989 to 1991, when his government was overthrown by the intervention of the miners led by Miron Cozma. Roman is a member of the Club of Madrid, grouping 66 democratic former heads of state and government...
       
       , Prime Minister of Romania (1989–1991)
    2. Theodor Stolojan
       Theodor Stolojan
       Theodor Dumitru Stolojan is a Romanian politician. An economist by training, he is a leader of the Democratic-Liberal Party. He previously served as Prime minister of Romania from September 1991 to November 1992. He and his wife Elena have a son, Vlad Stolojan, and a daughter, Ada Palea...
       
       , Prime Minister of Romania (1991–1992)  Russia -
  • the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
    Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
    The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic , commonly referred to as Soviet Russia, Bolshevik Russia, or simply Russia, was the largest, most populous and economically developed republic in the former Soviet Union....
    
     became independent upon the dissolution of the Soviet Union on 25 December 1991
  • President - Boris Yeltsin
    Boris Yeltsin
    Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin was the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999.Originally a supporter of Mikhail Gorbachev, Yeltsin emerged under the perestroika reforms as one of Gorbachev's most powerful political opponents. On 29 May 1990 he was elected the chairman of...
    
    , President of Russia (1990–1999)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Ivan Silayev
       Ivan Silayev
       Ivan Stepanovich Silayev is a former Soviet official who became a Russian politician following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. He served as Premier of the Soviet Union through the offices of Chairman of the Interstate Economic Committee and Chairman of the Committee on the Operational...
       
       , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Russian SFSR (1990–1991)
    2. Oleg Lobov
       Oleg Lobov
       Oleg Ivanovich Lobov is a Russian politician who served as acting First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic) from 19th April 1991 - 15th November 1991 and also was acting Chairman of the Council of Ministers – Government of the Russian...
       
       , Acting Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Russian SFSR (1991)
    3. Boris Yeltsin
       Boris Yeltsin
       Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin was the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999.Originally a supporter of Mikhail Gorbachev, Yeltsin emerged under the perestroika reforms as one of Gorbachev's most powerful political opponents. On 29 May 1990 he was elected the chairman of...
       
       , Chairman of the Government of Russia
       Prime Minister of Russia
       The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation The use of the term "Prime Minister" is strictly informal and is not allowed for by the Russian Constitution and other laws....
       
        (1991–1992)
  •  Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (unrecognized secessionist state)
    • independence declared on 1 November 1991
    • President - Dzhokhar Dudayev, President of Ichkeria
      President of Ichkeria
      This is a list of Presidents of the unrecognised Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, a pro-independence movement that controlled most of Chechnya from 1991 to 1999...
      
       (1991–1996)
•  San Marino -
  • Captains Regent -
  1. Cesare Gasperoni
     Cesare Gasperoni
     Cesare Antonio Gasperoni was one of the two Captains Regent of San Marino from October 1, 1990 to April 1, 1991 and from April 1, 2005 to October 1, 2005.Gasperoni is a member of the San Marinese Christian Democratic Party .-Notes:...
     
      and Roberto Bucci, Captains Regent of San Marino (1990–1991)
  2. Domenico Bernardini and Claudio Podeschi, Captains Regent of San Marino (1991)
  3. Edda Ceccoli
     Edda Ceccoli
     Edda Ceccoli was Captain Regent of San Marino from 1 October 1991 to 1 April 1992. She served as co-Regent with Marino Riccardi. She has been elected to two 5 year terms in the Great and Good Council. She is a member of Partito Democratico Cristano SammarineseFrom 2000-02 she was Particular...
     
      and Marino Riccardi
     Marino Riccardi
     Marino Riccardi is a politician from the nation of San Marino. He is a member of the Party of Democrats. He has been a captain-regent twice, from October 1991 to April 1992 and from April 2004 until October 2004.-References:...
     
     , Captains Regent of San Marino (1991–1992)  Slovenia -
  • Socialist Republic of Slovenia
    Socialist Republic of Slovenia
    The Socialist Republic of Slovenia was a socialist state that was a constituent country of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1943 until 1990...
    
     declared independence on 25 June 1991
  • President - Milan Kučan
    Milan Kucan
    Milan Kučan is a Slovenian politician and statesman. He was the first President of Slovenia.-Early life and political beginnings:...
    
    , President of Slovenia
    President of Slovenia
    The function of President of the Republic of Slovenia was established on 23 December 1991, when the National Assembly of Slovenia passed a new constitution as a result of independence from Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia....
    
     (1990–2002)
  • Prime Minister - Lojze Peterle
    Lojze Peterle
    Alojz "Lojze" Peterle is a Slovenian politician. He was the leader of the Slovene Christian Democrats from the founding of the party in 1990 until it merged with the Slovenian People's Party in 2000. Between 1990 and 1992, he was the president of the first freely elected Slovenian government, and...
    
    , Prime Minister of Slovenia
    Prime Minister of Slovenia
    There have been six Prime Ministers of Slovenia since that country gained its independence in the breakup of Yugoslavia. Unlike the President of Slovenia, who is directly elected, the Prime Minister is appointed by the National Assembly, and must control a majority there in order to...
    
     (1990–1992)
•  Soviet Union -
  • dissolved on 25 December 1991
  • Communist Party leader -
    1. Mikhail Gorbachev
       Mikhail Gorbachev
       Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev is a former Soviet statesman, having served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991, and as the last head of state of the USSR, having served from 1988 until its dissolution in 1991...
       
       , General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
       General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
       General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the title given to the leader of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. With some exceptions, the office was synonymous with leader of the Soviet Union...
       
        (1985–1991)
    2. Vladimir Ivashko
       Vladimir Ivashko
       Vladimir Antonovich Ivashko , was briefly the acting General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union during the period from 24 August 1991 to 29 August 1991. On 24 August Mikhail Gorbachev resigned, and on 29 August the CPSU was suspended by the Supreme Soviet...
       
       , General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
       General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
       General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the title given to the leader of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. With some exceptions, the office was synonymous with leader of the Soviet Union...
       
        (1991)
  • President - Mikhail Gorbachev
    Mikhail Gorbachev
    Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev is a former Soviet statesman, having served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991, and as the last head of state of the USSR, having served from 1988 until its dissolution in 1991...
    
    , President of the Soviet Union (1988–1991)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Nikolai Ryzhkov
       Nikolai Ryzhkov
       Nikolai Ivanovich Ryzhkov was a Soviet official who became a Russian politician following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. He served as the last Chairman of the Council of Ministers or Premier of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991...
       
       , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union
       Premier of the Soviet Union
       The office of Premier of the Soviet Union was synonymous with head of government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics . Twelve individuals have been premier...
       
        (1985–1991)
    2. Valentin Pavlov
       Valentin Pavlov
       Valentin Sergeyevich Pavlov was a Soviet official who became a Russian banker following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Born in the city of Moscow, then part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Pavlov began his political career in the Ministry of Finance in 1959...
       
       , Prime Minister of the Soviet Union
       Premier of the Soviet Union
       The office of Premier of the Soviet Union was synonymous with head of government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics . Twelve individuals have been premier...
       
        (1991)
    3. Ivan Silayev
       Ivan Silayev
       Ivan Stepanovich Silayev is a former Soviet official who became a Russian politician following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. He served as Premier of the Soviet Union through the offices of Chairman of the Interstate Economic Committee and Chairman of the Committee on the Operational...
       
       , Prime Minister of the Soviet Union
       Premier of the Soviet Union
       The office of Premier of the Soviet Union was synonymous with head of government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics . Twelve individuals have been premier...
       
        (1991)
•  Spain -
  • Monarch - Juan Carlos I
    Juan Carlos I of Spain
    Juan Carlos I |Italy]]) is the reigning King of Spain.On 22 November 1975, two days after the death of General Francisco Franco, Juan Carlos was designated king according to the law of succession promulgated by Franco. Spain had no monarch for 38 years in 1969 when Franco named Juan Carlos as the...
    
    , King of Spain (1975–present)
  • Prime Minister - Felipe González
    Felipe González
    Felipe González Márquez is a Spanish socialist politician. He was the General Secretary of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party from 1974 to 1997. To date, he remains the longest-serving Prime Minister of Spain, after having served four successive mandates from 1982 to 1996.-Early life:Felipe was...
    
    , President of the Government of Spain
    Prime Minister of Spain
    The President of the Government of Spain , sometimes known in English as the Prime Minister of Spain, is the head of Government of Spain. The current office is established under the Constitution of 1978...
    
     (1982–1996)
•  Sweden -
  • Monarch - Carl XVI Gustaf
    Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden
    Carl XVI Gustaf is the reigning King of Sweden since 15 September 1973, succeeding his grandfather King Gustaf VI Adolf because his father had predeceased him...
    
    , King of Sweden (1973–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Ingvar Carlsson
       Ingvar Carlsson
       Gösta Ingvar Carlsson is a Swedish politician, Prime Minister of Sweden and leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party ....
       
       , Prime Minister of Sweden
       Prime Minister of Sweden
       The Prime Minister is the head of government in the Kingdom of Sweden. Before the creation of the office of a Prime Minister in 1876, Sweden did not have a head of government separate from its head of state, namely the King, in whom the executive authority was vested...
       
        (1986–1991)
    2. Carl Bildt
       Carl Bildt
       , Honorary KCMG is a Swedish politician, diplomat and nobleman. Formerly Prime Minister of Sweden from 1991 to 1994 and leader of the liberal conservative Moderate Party from 1986 to 1999, Bildt has served as Swedish Minister for Foreign Affairs since 6 October 2006...
       
       , Prime Minister of Sweden
       Prime Minister of Sweden
       The Prime Minister is the head of government in the Kingdom of Sweden. Before the creation of the office of a Prime Minister in 1876, Sweden did not have a head of government separate from its head of state, namely the King, in whom the executive authority was vested...
       
        (1991–1994)
•  Switzerland -
  • Swiss Federal Council
    Swiss Federal Council
    The Federal Council is the seven-member executive council which constitutes the federal government of Switzerland and serves as the Swiss collective head of state....
    
    :

    Otto Stich

    Otto Stich

    Otto Stich is a Swiss politician.He was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 7 December 1983 and handed over office on 31 October 1995. He is affiliated to the Social Democratic Party....

    
     (1983–1995), Jean-Pascal Delamuraz

    Jean-Pascal Delamuraz

    Jean-Pascal Delamuraz was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council ....

    
     (1983–1998), Arnold Koller

    Arnold Koller

    Arnold Koller is a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council .He was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on December 10, 1986 as a member of the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland from the canton of Appenzell Inner Rhodes...

    
     (1986–1999), Flavio Cotti

    Flavio Cotti

    Flavio Cotti born in Prato-Sornico on 18 October 1939) is a Swiss politician.He was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 10 December 1986 and handed over office on 30 April 1999...

    
     (1986–1999, President), René Felber

    René Felber

    René Felber is a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council .Born 1933 in Bienne, Felber was a teacher in Boudevilliers and Le Locle . He was mayor of Le Locle from 1964 to 1980 , member of the Cantonal Parliament of Neuchâtel...

    
     (1987–1993), Adolf Ogi

    Adolf Ogi

    Adolf Ogi is a Swiss politician from the village of Kandersteg in the Swiss Alps.He was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 9 December 1987, as member of the Swiss People's Party from the Canton of Berne...

    
     (1987–2000), Kaspar Villiger

    Kaspar Villiger

    Kaspar Villiger is a Swiss businessman, politician and former member of the Swiss Federal Council . He currently heads Swiss bank UBS.-Political career:On February 1, 1989, he was elected to the Swiss Federal Council...

    
     (1989–2003)  Ukraine -

  • the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic declared independence on 24 August 1991
  • President - Leonid Kravchuk
    Leonid Kravchuk
    Leonid Makarovych Kravchuk is a Ukrainian politician, the first President of Ukraine serving from December 5, 1991 until his resignation on July 19, 1994, a former Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada and People's Deputy of Ukraine serving in the Social Democratic Party of Ukraine faction.After a...
    
    , President of Ukraine
    President of Ukraine
    Prior to the formation of the modern Ukrainian presidency, the previous Ukrainian head of state office was officially established in exile by Andriy Livytskyi. At first the de facto leader of nation was the president of the Central Rada at early years of the Ukrainian People's Republic, while the...
    
     (1990–1994)
  • Prime Minister - Vitold Fokin
    Vitold Fokin
    Vitold Pavlovych Fokin , the son of a teacher, was appointed first deputy prime minister of Ukraine in November 1991....
    
    , Prime Minister of Ukraine
    Prime Minister of Ukraine
    The Prime Minister of Ukraine is Ukraine's head of government presiding over the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, which is the highest body of the executive branch of the Ukrainian government....
    
     (1990–1992)
•  United Kingdom -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of the United Kingdom
    British monarchy
    The monarchy of the United Kingdom is the constitutional monarchy of the United Kingdom and its overseas territories. The present monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, has reigned since 6 February 1952. She and her immediate family undertake various official, ceremonial and representational duties...
    
     (1952–present)
  • Prime Minister - John Major
    John Major
    Sir John Major, is a British Conservative politician, who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1990–1997...
    
    , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1990–1997)
  •  Guernsey (British Crown dependency
    Crown dependency
    The Crown Dependencies are British possessions of the Crown, as opposed to overseas territories of the United Kingdom. They comprise the Channel Island Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel, and the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea....
    
    )
    • Lieutenant-Governor - Sir Michael Wilkins
      Michael Wilkins
      Lieutenant General Sir Michael Compton Lockwood Wilkins KCB OBE was a senior Royal Marines officer who became Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey.-Military career:Wilkins joined the Royal Marines in 1951...
      
      , Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (1990–1994)
    • Bailiff - Sir Charles Frossard, Bailiff of Guernsey (1982–1992)
  •  Jersey (British Crown dependency
    Crown dependency
    The Crown Dependencies are British possessions of the Crown, as opposed to overseas territories of the United Kingdom. They comprise the Channel Island Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel, and the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea....
    
    )
    • Lieutenant-Governor - Sir John Sutton
      John Sutton (RAF officer)
      Air Marshal Sir John Matthias Dobson Sutton KCB is a former Royal Air Force officer who became Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief at RAF Support Command.-RAF career:...
      
      , Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey (1990–1995)
    • Bailiff - Sir Peter Crill
      Peter Crill
      Sir Peter Leslie Crill KBE was Bailiff of Jersey from 1986 to 1995.- Early years :Crill attended Victoria College, Jersey between 1932 and 1943...
      
      , Bailiff of Jersey (1986–1995)
  •  Isle of Man (British Crown dependency
    Crown dependency
    The Crown Dependencies are British possessions of the Crown, as opposed to overseas territories of the United Kingdom. They comprise the Channel Island Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel, and the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea....
    
    )
    • Lieutenant-Governor - Sir Laurence Jones
      Laurence Jones
      Air Marshal Sir Laurence Alfred Jones KCB AFC RAF was a senior Royal Air Force commander.-RAF career:Educated at Trinity School, Jones joined the Royal Air Force in 1951. He was made Officer Commanding No. 8 Squadron in 1961 and Officer Commanding No. 92 Squadron in 1967...
      
      , Lieutenant-Governor of Man (1990–1995)
    • Chief minister - Miles Walker
      Miles Walker
      Sir Miles Rawstron Walker CBE LLD is a Manx businessman and politician, who was the first ever Chief Minister of the Isle of Man.-Early life and career:...
      
      , Chief Minister of the Isle of Man
      Chief Minister of the Isle of Man
      The Chief Minister is the executive head of the Isle of Man Government.The office derives from that of Chairman of the Executive Council. Before 1980 the Executive Council was chaired by the Lieutenant Governor, but thereafter the chairman was elected by Tynwald, the parliament of the Isle of Man...
      
       (1986–1996)
  •  Gibraltar (British dependent territory)
    • Governor - Sir Derek Reffell
      Derek Reffell
      Admiral Sir Derek Roy Reffell KCB is a former Governor of Gibraltar.-Naval career:Educated at Culford School, Reffell entered the Royal Navy, qualified as a Navigating Officer in 1954 and progressed through the ranks: he commanded the frigate, HMS Sirius, from her launch in 1966, and served as...
      
      , Governor of Gibraltar
      Governor of Gibraltar
      The Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Gibraltar is the representative of the British monarch in the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. The Governor is appointed by the British Monarch on the advice of the British Government...
      
       (1989–1993)
    • Chief Minister - Joe Bossano
      Joe Bossano
      Joseph "Joe" John Bossano is a Gibraltarian politician, and the former leader of the Gibraltar Socialist Labour Party. He was Chief Minister of Gibraltar from 25 March 1988 to 17 May 1996. He served as the Leader of the Opposition in the Gibraltar Parliament from its founding in 1978 until April...
      
      , Chief Minister of Gibraltar
      Chief Minister of Gibraltar
      The Chief Minister of Gibraltar is the leader of the largest party elected to the Gibraltar Parliament, and is formally appointed by the Governor of Gibraltar, representative of the British Crown.-List of Chief Ministers:...
      
       (1988–1996)
•  Vatican City
  • Monarch - Pope John Paul II
    Pope John Paul II
    Blessed Pope John Paul II , born Karol Józef Wojtyła , reigned as Pope of the Catholic Church and Sovereign of Vatican City from 16 October 1978 until his death on 2 April 2005, at of age. His was the second-longest documented pontificate, which lasted ; only Pope Pius IX ...
    
    , Sovereign of the State of the Vatican City (1978–2005)
  • President of the Governorate - Rosalio Lara, President of the Governorate of Vatican City State (1990–1997)
  • Holy See
    Holy See
    The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, in which its Bishop is commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent episcopal see of the Catholic Church, forming the central government of the Church. As such, diplomatically, and in other spheres the Holy See acts and...
    
    
    • Secretary of State - Angelo Sodano
      Angelo Sodano
      Angelo Sodano is an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He is the current Dean of the College of Cardinals and former Vatican Secretary of State, having held that post from 1990 to 2006, under both popes John Paul II and Benedict XVI...
      
      , Cardinal Secretary of State
      Cardinal Secretary of State
      The Cardinal Secretary of State—officially Secretary of State of His Holiness The Pope—presides over the Holy See, usually known as the "Vatican", Secretariat of State, which is the oldest and most important dicastery of the Roman Curia...
      
       (1990–2006)
•  Kingdom of Yugoslavia -
  • Head of State -
    1. Borisav Jović
       Borisav Jovic
       Borisav Jović is a former Serbian communist politician, who served as the Serbian member of the collective presidency of Yugoslavia during the late 1980s and early 1990s...
       
       , Chairman of the Presidency of Yugoslavia (1990–1991)
    2. Stjepan Mesić
       Stjepan Mesić
       Stjepan "Stipe" Mesić is a Croatian politician and former President of Croatia. Before his ten-year presidential term between 2000 and 2010 he held the posts of Speaker of the Croatian Parliament , Prime Minister of Croatia , the last President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia , Secretary General...
       
       , Chairman of the Presidency of Yugoslavia (1991)
    3. Branko Kostić
       Branko Kostic
       Branko Kostić was a Montenegrin Serb politician. He served as the President of the Presidency of the Socialist Republic of Montenegro from March 1989 to December 1990, and then as the acting Chairman of the Presidency of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1991 to 1992...
       
       , Acting Chairman of the Presidency of Yugoslavia (1991–1992)
  • Premier -
    1. Ante Marković
       Ante Markovic
       Ante Marković was a statesman of the former Yugoslavia. He was the last prime minister of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.- Early life :...
       
       , President of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia
       Prime Minister of Yugoslavia
       The Prime Minister or the President of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia was the head of government of the Yugoslav state, from the creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1918 until the end of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1992.-Kingdom of...
       
        (1989–1991)
    2. Aleksandar Mitrović
       Aleksandar Mitrović
       Aleksandar Mitrović is a Serbian professional basketball player. He currently plays with the pro club KK Metalac Valjevo.-Personal Life:...
       
       , Acting President of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia
       Prime Minister of Yugoslavia
       The Prime Minister or the President of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia was the head of government of the Yugoslav state, from the creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1918 until the end of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1992.-Kingdom of...
       
        (1991–1992)

North America

• • Governor - Brian G.J. Canty, Governor of Anguilla
    Governor of Anguilla
    The Governor of Anguilla is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Anguilla. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
    
     (1989–1992)
  • Chief Minister - Emile Gumbs
    Emile Gumbs
    Sir Emile Gumbs is a politician from Anguilla. He served as the island territory's Chief Minister from 1 February 1977 to May 1980 and again from 12 March 1984 to 16 March 1994. He is the only person from Anguilla to have been knighted.-References:...
    
    , Chief Minister of Anguilla
    Chief Minister of Anguilla
    -List of Chief Ministers of Anguilla:...
    
     (1984–1994)
•  Antigua and Barbuda -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Antigua and Barbuda
    Monarch of Antigua and Barbuda
    Antigua and Barbuda is a constitutional monarchy and a Commonwealth realm, with Queen Elizabeth II as its reigning monarch since November 1, 1981...
    
     (1981–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Wilfred Jacobs
    Wilfred Jacobs
    Sir Wilfred Ebenezer Jacobs was the first Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda. He held this position from 1 November 1981 to 10 June 1993. He was replaced by James Carlisle. He was also the governor of Antigua and Barbuda from 1967 until that country gained independence in 1981 and he became...
    
    , Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (1967–1993)
  • Prime Minister - Vere Bird
    Vere Bird
    Sir Vere Cornwall Bird Sr. was the first Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda. His son, Lester Bryant Bird, succeeded him as Prime Minister. In 1994 he was declared a national hero....
    
    , Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (1976–1994) (constituent country
    Constituent country
    Constituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity. The term constituent country does not have any defined legal meaning, and is used simply to refer to a country which is a part Constituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts...
    
     of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
    Kingdom of the Netherlands
    The Kingdom of the Netherlands is a sovereign state and constitutional monarchy with territory in Western Europe and in the Caribbean. The four parts of the Kingdom—Aruba, Curaçao, the Netherlands, and Sint Maarten—are referred to as "countries", and participate on a basis of equality...
    
    )
  • Governor - Felipe Tromp
    Felipe Tromp
    Felipe B. Tromp was the first Governor of Aruba after Aruba received a status aparte within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. He served one term of six years as governor from 1 January 1986 until 12 March 1992. He was succeeded by Olindo Koolman....
    
    , Governor of Aruba
    Governor of Aruba
    The Governor of Aruba is the representative on Aruba of the Dutch head of state . The governors duties are twofold: he represents and guards the general interests of the Kingdom and is head of the Aruban Government. He is accountable to the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. As the head...
    
     (1986–1992)
  • Prime Minister - Nelson Oduber, Prime Minister of Aruba
    Prime Minister of Aruba
    The Prime Minister of Aruba is Aruba's head of government. Together with Aruba's Council of Ministers, they form the executive branch of Aruban government.-List of Prime Ministers of Aruba:...
    
     (1989–1994)
•  The Bahamas -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of the Bahamas (1973–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Henry Milton Taylor
    Henry Milton Taylor
    Sir Henry Milton Taylor was the third Governor-General of the Bahamas.-Biography:Sir Henry, the adopted son of Joseph J. Taylor and Evelyn Taylor, was born on 4 November 1903, at Clarence Town, Long Island. He attended the government school on Long Island and took correspondence courses from London...
    
    , Governor-General of the Bahamas (1988–1992)
  • Prime Minister - Sir Lynden Pindling
    Lynden Pindling
    Sir Lynden Oscar Pindling KCMG, OM, JP , is generally regarded as the "Father of the Nation" of the Bahamas, having led it to Majority Rule on 10 January 1967 and then to independence on 10 July 1973. He served as the first black premier of the Colony of the Bahama Islands from 1967 to 1969 and as...
    
    , Prime Minister of the Bahamas (1967–1992)
•  Barbados -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Barbados (1966–present)
  • Governor-General - Dame Nita Barrow, Governor-General of Barbados (1990–1995)
  • Prime Minister - Lloyd Erskine Sandiford
    Lloyd Erskine Sandiford
    Sir Lloyd Erskine Sandiford, KA is a Barbadian politician. He served as the fourth Prime Minister of Barbados from 1987 to 1994....
    
    , Prime Minister of Barbados (1987–1994)
•  Belize -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Belize (1981–present)
  • Governor-General - Dame Elmira Minita Gordon
    Elmira Minita Gordon
    Dame Elmira Minita Gordon, GCMG, GCVO was Governor-General of Belize from its independence in 1981 to 1993. She was the first woman in a Commonwealth Realm to assume the position of Governor General. As Governor General she also held the title of Patron to the Scout Association of Belize and the...
    
    , Governor-General of Belize (1981–1993)
  • Prime Minister - George Cadle Price
    George Cadle Price
    George Cadle Price PC was the first Prime Minister of Belize and is considered to have been one of the principal architects of the country's independence, and is today referred to by many as "the Father of the Nation"....
    
    , Prime Minister of Belize (1989–1993) (British dependent territory)
  • Governor - Sir Desmond Langley
    Desmond Langley
    Major-General Sir Henry Desmond Allen Langley KCVO MBE was Major-General Commanding the Household Division and General Officer Commanding London District.-Military career:...
    
    , Governor of Bermuda
    Governor of Bermuda
    The Governor of Bermuda is the representative of the British monarch in the British overseas territory of Bermuda. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
    
     (1988–1992)
  • Premier - Sir John Swan, Premier of Bermuda (1982–1995) (British dependent territory)
  • Governor -
    1. J. Mark A. Herdman, Governor of the British Virgin Islands
       Governor of the British Virgin Islands
       The Governor of the British Virgin Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of British Virgin Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
       
        (1986–1991)
    2. Peter Alfred Penfold, Governor of the British Virgin Islands
       Governor of the British Virgin Islands
       The Governor of the British Virgin Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of British Virgin Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
       
        (1991–1995)
  • Chief Minister - Lavity Stoutt
    Lavity Stoutt
    Hamilton Lavity Stoutt was the first and longest serving Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands, winning four general elections and serving three non-consecutive terms of office from 1967 to 1971, again from 1981 to 1983 and again from 1986 until his death in 1995.Since Stoutt's death in...
    
    , Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands (1986–1995)
•  Canada -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Canada
    Style of the Canadian sovereign
    The title and style of the Canadian sovereign is the formal mode of address of the monarch of Canada. The form is based on those that were inherited from the United Kingdom and France, used in the colonies to refer to the reigning monarch in Europe...
    
     (1952–present)
  • Governor General - Ray Hnatyshyn
    Ray Hnatyshyn
    Ramon John Hnatyshyn , commonly known as Ray Hnatyshyn, was a Canadian politician and statesman who served as Governor General of Canada, the 24th since Canadian Confederation....
    
    , Governor General of Canada (1989–1995)
  • Prime Minister - Brian Mulroney
    Brian Mulroney
    Martin Brian Mulroney, was the 18th Prime Minister of Canada from September 17, 1984, to June 25, 1993 and was leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada from 1983 to 1993. His tenure as Prime Minister was marked by the introduction of major economic reforms, such as the Canada-U.S...
    
    , Prime Minister of Canada (1984–1993) (British dependent territory)
  • Governor - Alan James Scott, Governor of the Cayman Islands
    Governor of the Cayman Islands
    The Governor of the Cayman Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of the Cayman Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
    
     (1987–1992)
•  Costa Rica -
  • President - Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier
    Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier
    Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier served as President of Costa Rica from 1990 to 1994. He was the presidential candidate of the Social Christian Unity Party for the national elections held in February 2010, but resigned his candidacy on 5 October 2009, when he was sentenced to five years in prison...
    
    , President of Costa Rica (1990–1994)
•  Cuba
  • Communist Party Leader - Fidel Castro
    Fidel Castro
    Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz is a Cuban revolutionary and politician, having held the position of Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and then President from 1976 to 2008. He also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from the party's foundation in 1961 until 2011...
    
    , First secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba
    Communist Party of Cuba
    The Communist Party of Cuba is the governing political party in Cuba. It is a communist party of the Marxist-Leninist model. The Cuban constitution ascribes the role of the Party to be the "leading force of society and of the state"...
    
     (1965–2011)
  • President - Fidel Castro
    Fidel Castro
    Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz is a Cuban revolutionary and politician, having held the position of Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and then President from 1976 to 2008. He also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from the party's foundation in 1961 until 2011...
    
    , President of the Council of State of Cuba
    President of Cuba
    --209.174.31.28 18:43, 22 November 2011 The President of Cuba is the Head of state of Cuba. According to the Cuban Constitution of 1976, the President is the chief executive of the Council of State of Cuba...
    
     (1976–2008)
  • Premier - Fidel Castro
    Fidel Castro
    Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz is a Cuban revolutionary and politician, having held the position of Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and then President from 1976 to 2008. He also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from the party's foundation in 1961 until 2011...
    
    , President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba
    Prime Minister of Cuba
    Prime Minister of Cuba was a position in the government of Cuba. Fidel Castro assumed the position of Prime Minister in 1959 replacing José Miró Cardona....
    
     (1959–2008)
•  Dominica -
  • President - Sir Clarence Seignoret, President of Dominica (1983–1993)
  • Prime Minister - Eugenia Charles
    Eugenia Charles
    Dame Mary Eugenia Charles, DBE was Prime Minister of Dominica from 21 July 1980 until 14 June 1995. She was Dominica's first, and to date only, female prime minister, as well as the nation's longest serving prime minister...
    
    , Prime Minister of Dominica (1980–1995)
•  Dominican Republic -
  • President - Joaquín Balaguer
    Joaquín Balaguer
    Joaquín Antonio Balaguer Ricardo was the President of the Dominican Republic from 1960 to 1962, from 1966 to 1978, and again from 1986 to 1996.-Early life and introduction to politics:...
    
    , President of the Dominican Republic (1986–1996)
•  El Salvador -
  • President - Alfredo Cristiani
    Alfredo Cristiani
    Alfredo Félix Cristiani Burkard, popularly known as Alfredo Cristiani was President of El Salvador from 1989 to 1994....
    
    , President of El Salvador
    President of El Salvador
    This page contains a list of Presidents of El Salvador.-Heads of State of El Salvador within the Federal Republic of Central America :*Pedro Barriere : 21 September 1821 - 28 November 1821*José Matías Delgado : 28 Nov 1821 - 9 February 1823...
    
     (1989–1994)
•  Grenada -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Grenada (1974–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Paul Scoon
    Paul Scoon
    Sir Paul Scoon, GCMG, GCVO, OBE was Governor General of Grenada for 14 years, from 1978 to 1992.-Biography:Sir Paul was born on 4 July 1935 in Gouyave, a town on the west coast of Grenada. He attended St. John's Anglican School and then the Grenada Boys' Secondary School...
    
    , Governor-General of Grenada (1978–1992)
  • Prime Minister - Nicholas Brathwaite
    Nicholas Brathwaite
    Sir Nicholas Alexander Brathwaite was the prime minister of Grenada from 1983 to 1984 and from 1990 to 1995.Brathwaite was born in Carriacou, Grenada. Following the 1983 invasion of Grenada, Brathwaite, a member of the National Democratic Congress, was appointed by Governor-General Sir Paul Scoon...
    
    , Prime Minister of Grenada (1990–1995)
•  Guatemala -
  • President -
    1. Vinicio Cerezo
       Vinicio Cerezo
       Marco Vinicio Cerezo Arévalo is a Guatemalan politician. He served as President of Guatemala from 14 January 1986 to 14 January 1991 and currently sits in Congress.-Career:...
       
       , President of Guatemala
       President of Guatemala
       The title of President of Guatemala has been the usual title of the leader of Guatemala since 1839, when that title was assumed by Mariano Rivera Paz...
       
        (1986–1991)
    2. Jorge Serrano Elías
       Jorge Serrano Elías
       Jorge Antonio Serrano Elías was President of Guatemala from January 14, 1991 to May 31, 1993.-Career:Serrano was born April 26, 1945 in Guatemala City as the son of Jorge Adán Serrano and Rosa Elías...
       
       , President of Guatemala
       President of Guatemala
       The title of President of Guatemala has been the usual title of the leader of Guatemala since 1839, when that title was assumed by Mariano Rivera Paz...
       
        (1991–1993)
•  Haiti -
  • President -
    1. Ertha Pascal-Trouillot
       Ertha Pascal-Trouillot
       Ertha Pascal-Trouillot was the provisional President of Haiti from 1990 through 1991. She was the first woman in Haitian history to hold that office.-Background:...
       
       , Provisional President of Haiti (1990–1991)
    2. Jean-Bertrand Aristide
       Jean-Bertrand Aristide
       Jean-Bertrand Aristide is a Haitian former Catholic priest and politician who served as Haiti's first democratically elected president. A proponent of liberation theology, Aristide was appointed to a parish in Port-au-Prince in 1982 after completing his studies...
       
       , President of Haiti (1991)
    3. Raoul Cédras
       Raoul Cédras
       Raoul Cédras is a former military officer, and was de facto ruler of Haiti from 1991 to 1994.-Background:Cédras was educated in the United States and was a member of the US-trained Leopard Corps...
       
       , Leader of Military Junta of Haiti (1991)
    4. Joseph Nérette
       Joseph Nerette
       Joseph Nérette was a Haïtian judge and political figure. He served as the provisional president of Haïti between 1991 and 1992, part of a period in which real political authority rested with the military junta headed by Raoul Cédras and Michel François.He died of lung cancer in Port-au-Prince on...
       
       , Provisional President of Haiti (1991–1992)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. René Préval
       René Préval
       René Garcia Préval is a Haitian politician and agronomist who was the President of the Republic of Haiti from 14 May 2006 to 14 May 2011. He previously served as President from February 7, 1996, to February 7, 2001, and as Prime Minister from February 1991 to October 11, 1991.-Early life and...
       
       , Prime Minister of Haiti (1991)
    2. Jean-Jacques Honorat
       Jean-Jacques Honorat
       Jean-Jacques Honorat was named prime minister of Haiti after the 1991 coup. He was sacked by the military-backed government in June 1992 after he failed to get international sanctions against the country lifted.-References:...
       
       , Interim Prime Minister of Haiti (1991–1992)
•  Honduras -
  • President - Rafael Leonardo Callejas Romero
    Rafael Leonardo Callejas Romero
    Rafael Leonardo Callejas Romero was born on 14 November 1943 in Tegucigalpa in Honduras, and was the President of Honduras from 27 January 1990 to 27 January 1994, representing the National Party of Honduras .-Career:...
    
    , President of Honduras
    President of Honduras
    This page lists the Presidents of Honduras.Colonial Honduras declared its independence from Spain on 15 September 1821. From 5 January 1822 to 1 July 1823, Honduras was part of the First Mexican Empire of Agustín de Iturbide....
    
     (1990–1994)
•  Jamaica -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Jamaica (1962–present)
  • Governor-General -
    1. Sir Florizel Glasspole
       Florizel Glasspole
       Sir Florizel Augustus Glasspole, ON, GCMG, GCVO, K.St.J was the third Governor General of Jamaica....
       
       , Governor-General of Jamaica
       Governor-General of Jamaica
       The Governor-General of Jamaica represents the Jamaican monarch, and head of state, who holds the title of King or Queen of Jamaica ....
       
        (1973–1991)
    2. Edward Zacca
       Edward Zacca
       Edward Zacca was Chief Justice of the Jamaican Supreme Court from 1985 to 1996. Under the constitution of Jamaica, the Chief Justice serves as Acting Governor General when that office is vacant, and Chief Justice Zacca served in that capacity from March to August 1991. Zacca was succeeded as Chief...
       
       , Acting Governor-General of Jamaica
       Governor-General of Jamaica
       The Governor-General of Jamaica represents the Jamaican monarch, and head of state, who holds the title of King or Queen of Jamaica ....
       
        (1991)
    3. Sir Howard Cooke
       Howard Cooke
       Sir Howard Felix Hanlan Cooke, ON, GCMG, GCVO, CD, K.St.J was the Governor-General of Jamaica from August 1, 1991 until February 15, 2006 when he became the first governor-general to invest his own successor, Professor Kenneth Octavius Hall...
       
       , Governor-General of Jamaica
       Governor-General of Jamaica
       The Governor-General of Jamaica represents the Jamaican monarch, and head of state, who holds the title of King or Queen of Jamaica ....
       
        (1991–2006)
  • Prime Minister - Michael Manley
    Michael Manley
    Michael Norman Manley ON OCC was the fourth Prime Minister of Jamaica . Manley was a democratic socialist....
    
    , Prime Minister of Jamaica
    Prime Minister of Jamaica
    The Prime Minister of Jamaica is Jamaica's head of government, currently Andrew Holness. Andrew Holness was elected as the new leader of the governing Jamaica Labour Party and succeeded Bruce Golding to become Jamaica's ninth Prime Minister on 23 October 2011...
    
     (1989–1992)
•  Mexico -
  • President - Carlos Salinas de Gortari, President of Mexico (1988–1994) Montserrat
    Montserrat
    Montserrat is a British overseas territory located in the Leeward Islands, part of the chain of islands called the Lesser Antilles in the West Indies. This island measures approximately long and wide, giving of coastline...
    
     (British dependent territory)
  • Governor - David G. P. Taylor
    David G. P. Taylor
    David George Pendleton Taylor CBE was a British businessman and administrator who served as Chief Executive of the Falklands Islands and Governor of Montserrat....
    
    , Governor of Montserrat
    Governor of Montserrat
    The Governor of Montserrat is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Montserrat. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
    
     (1990–1993)
  • Chief Minister -
    1. John Osborne
       John Osborne (politician)
       John Alfred Osborne was a chief minister of Montserrat.He first came to that position in November 1978, as a member of the People's Liberation Movement, and continued until losing legislative council elections on October 10, 1991. By 2001 he had switched parties, joining the New People's...
       
       , Chief Minister of Montserrat
       Chief Minister of Montserrat
       The Chief Minister of Montserrat is the head of government of Montserrat, an island in the Caribbean that is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom, appointed by the Governor of Montserrat on behalf of Queen Elizabeth II, Montserrat's head of state. The current Chief Minister of Montserrat is...
       
        (1978–1991)
    2. Reuben Meade
       Reuben Meade
       Reuben Theodor Meade is a politician from Montserrat, a veteran lawmaker and the current Premier since 27 September 2011. He served previously as the territory's chief minister from 10 October 1991 to 13 November 1996. His party is called Movement for Change and Prosperity . He previously led the...
       
       , Chief Minister of Montserrat
       Chief Minister of Montserrat
       The Chief Minister of Montserrat is the head of government of Montserrat, an island in the Caribbean that is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom, appointed by the Governor of Montserrat on behalf of Queen Elizabeth II, Montserrat's head of state. The current Chief Minister of Montserrat is...
       
        (1991–1996) (constituent country
       Constituent country
       Constituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity. The term constituent country does not have any defined legal meaning, and is used simply to refer to a country which is a part Constituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts...
       
        of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
       Kingdom of the Netherlands
       The Kingdom of the Netherlands is a sovereign state and constitutional monarchy with territory in Western Europe and in the Caribbean. The four parts of the Kingdom—Aruba, Curaçao, the Netherlands, and Sint Maarten—are referred to as "countries", and participate on a basis of equality...
       
       )
  • Governor - Jaime Saleh, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles
    Governor of the Netherlands Antilles
    The Governor of the Netherlands Antilles was the representative of the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the Netherlands Antilles and the head of the National Government of the Netherlands Antilles....
    
     (1990–2002)
  • Prime Minister - Maria Liberia Peters
    Maria Liberia Peters
    Maria Liberia Peters was the Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles from 1984 to 1986 and from 1988 to 1994.Born Maria Peters in Willemstad, Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles, she attended school and earned a teaching degree in the Netherlands. She later married Niels Liberia, a civil servant...
    
    , Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (1988–1993)
•  Nicaragua -
  • President - Violeta Chamorro
    Violeta Chamorro
    Violeta Barrios Torres de Chamorro is a Nicaraguan political leader, former president and publisher. She became president of Nicaragua on April 25, 1990, when she unseated Daniel Ortega...
    
    , President of Nicaragua
    President of Nicaragua
    The position of President of Nicaragua was created in the Constitution of 1854. From 1825 until the Constitution of 1838 the title of the position was known as Head of State and from 1838 to 1854 as Supreme Director .-Heads of State of Nicaragua within the Federal Republic of Central America...
    
     (1990–1997)
•  Panama -
  • President - Guillermo Endara
    Guillermo Endara
    Guillermo David Endara Galimany was the President of Panama from 1989 to 1994. He ran for office in 2004 and 2009 but lost to the former President Martin Torrijos and to the incumbent President Ricardo Martinelli....
    
    , President of Panama (1989–1994)
•  Saint Kitts and Nevis -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Clement Arrindell
    Clement Arrindell
    Sir Clement Athelston Arrindell GCMG GCVO QC was Governor of Saint Kitts and Nevis from 1981-83 and Governor-General upon the island's independence in 1983...
    
    , Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1981–1995)
  • Prime Minister - Kennedy Simmonds
    Kennedy Simmonds
    Dr. the Right Honourable Sir Kennedy Alphonse Simmonds was a founding member of the People's Action Movement party. He was Premier of Saint Kitts and Nevis from 21 February 1980, until the twin-island state gained independence from the United Kingdom on 19 September 1983. Upon Independence, he...
    
    , Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1980–1995)
•  Saint Lucia -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Saint Lucia (1979–present)
  • Governor-General - Stanislaus A. James, Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1988–1996)
  • Prime Minister - John Compton
    John Compton
    Sir John George Melvin Compton, KBE, PC was the first, fifth and eighth Prime Minister of Saint Lucia in 1979, from 1982 to 1996, and from 2006 until his death. Compton, who previously led Saint Lucia under British rule from 1964 to 1979, was the country's first leader when it became independent...
    
    , Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (1982–1996) (Territorial collectivity of France)
  • Prefect -
    1. Jean-Pierre Marquié, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
       Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
       The prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon is the local representative of the President of France and in effect the Governor or Executive officer of the territory.- Overview :...
       
        (1989–1991)
    2. Kamel Khrissate, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
       Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
       The prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon is the local representative of the President of France and in effect the Governor or Executive officer of the territory.- Overview :...
       
        (1991–1992)
  • President of the General Council - Marc Plantegenest, President of the General Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1984–1994)
•  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir David Emmanuel Jack
    David Emmanuel Jack
    Sir David Emmanuel Jack, GCMG, MBE was Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines from 1989 to 1996. He was born in Victoria Village, St. Vincent and the Grenadines. He also served as Health Minister from 1986 to 1989....
    
    , Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1989–1996)
  • Prime Minister - James Fitz-Allen Mitchell
    James Fitz-Allen Mitchell
    Sir James Fitz-Allen Mitchell was the second Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and the founder of the New Democratic Party . He also served as Premier of the then colony from 1972 to 1974.-Life and career:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1984–2000)
•  Trinidad and Tobago -
  • President - Noor Hassanali
    Noor Hassanali
    Noor Mohamed Hassanali,TC was the second President of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago . A retired High Court judge, President Hassanali was the first Indo-Trinidadian to hold the office of President and was the first Muslim head of state in the Americas...
    
    , President of Trinidad and Tobago (1987–1997)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. A. N. R. Robinson
       A. N. R. Robinson
       Arthur Napoleon Raymond Robinson, OCC, TC was the third President of Trinidad and Tobago, serving from 19 March 1997 to 17 March 2003. He was also Trinidad and Tobago's third Prime Minister, serving in that capacity from 18 December 1986 to 17 December 1991...
       
       , Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1986–1991)
    2. Patrick Manning
       Patrick Manning
       Patrick Augustus Mervyn Manning was the fourth and sixth Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago, as well as the former Political Leader of the People's National Movement . He served as Prime Minister from 17 December 1991 to 9 November 1995 and held that office again from 24 December 2001 until 26...
       
       , Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1991–1995) Turks and Caicos Islands
       Turks and Caicos Islands
       The Turks and Caicos Islands are a British Overseas Territory and overseas territory of the European Union consisting of two groups of tropical islands in the Caribbean, the larger Caicos Islands and the smaller Turks Islands, known for tourism and as an offshore financial centre.The Turks and...
       
        (British dependent territory)
  • Governor - Michael J. Bradley
    Michael J. Bradley (Governor)
    Michael John Bradley was Governor of the Turks and Caicos from January 1987 to June 1993. Bradley was succeeded by Martin Bourke in June 1993....
    
    , Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands
    Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands
    The Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Turks and Caicos Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
    
     (1987–1993)
  • Chief Minister -
    1. Oswald Skippings
       Oswald Skippings
       Oswald O'Neil Skippings is a politician from the Turks and Caicos Islands. He served as the island territory's Chief Minister from 19 June 1980 to November 1980 and again from 3 March 1988 to April 1991....
       
       , Chief Minister of Turks and Caicos Islands
       Premier of the Turks and Caicos Islands
       This is a list of Chief Ministers and Premiers of the Turks and Caicos Islands.-Chief Ministers of the Turks and Caicos Islands:-Premiers of the Turks and Caicos Islands:...
       
        (1988–1991)
    2. Washington Misick
       Washington Misick
       Washington Misick is a politician from the Turks and Caicos Islands. He served as the island territory's Chief Minister from April 1991 to 31 January 1995.-References:...
       
       , Chief Minister of Turks and Caicos Islands
       Premier of the Turks and Caicos Islands
       This is a list of Chief Ministers and Premiers of the Turks and Caicos Islands.-Chief Ministers of the Turks and Caicos Islands:-Premiers of the Turks and Caicos Islands:...
       
        (1991–1995)
•  United States
  • President - George H. W. Bush
    George H. W. Bush
    George Herbert Walker Bush is an American politician who served as the 41st President of the United States . He had previously served as the 43rd Vice President of the United States , a congressman, an ambassador, and Director of Central Intelligence.Bush was born in Milton, Massachusetts, to...
    
    , President of the United States (1989–1993)
  •  Puerto Rico (Commonwealth
    Commonwealth (United States insular area)
    In the terminology of the United States insular areas, a Commonwealth is a type of organized but unincorporated dependent territory.The definition of "Commonwealth" according to current U.S. State Department policy reads: "The term 'Commonwealth' does not describe or provide for any specific...
    
     of the United States)
    • Governor - Rafael Hernández Colón
      Rafael Hernández Colón
      Rafael Hernández Colón is a Puerto Rican politician who served as the fourth Governor of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico for three non-consecutive terms, from 1973 to 1977 and from 1985 to 1993. An experienced politician, Hernández holds the record for being the youngest Governor of Puerto Rico,...
      
      , Governor of Puerto Rico
      Governor of Puerto Rico
      The Governor of Puerto Rico is the Head of Government of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Since 1948, the Governor has been elected by the people of Puerto Rico...
      
       (1985–1993)
  •  United States Virgin Islands (Insular area
    Insular area
    An insular area is a United States territory, that is neither a part of one of the fifty U.S. states nor the District of Columbia, the federal district of the United States...
    
     of the United States)
    • Governor - Alexander A. Farrelly
      Alexander A. Farrelly
      Alexander Anthony Farrelly was the governor of the United States Virgin Islands serving from 1987 to 1995.Farrelly graduated from St. John's University, Queens, New York in 1954 with a bachelor's degree in law...
      
      , Governor of US Virgin Islands (1987–1995)

Oceania

• • Governor - Peter Tali Coleman
    Peter Tali Coleman
    Peter Tali Coleman was the first person of Samoan descent to be appointed governor of American Samoa and later became the territory's first popularly elected governor. A member of the Republican Party, he is the only U.S...
    
    , Governor of American Samoa (1989–1993)
•  Australia -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Australia
    Monarchy in Australia
    The Monarchy of Australia is a form of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign of Australia. The monarchy is a constitutional one modelled on the Westminster style of parliamentary government, incorporating features unique to the Constitution of Australia.The present monarch is...
    
     (1952–present)
  • Governor-General - Bill Hayden
    Bill Hayden
    William George "Bill" Hayden AC was the 21st Governor-General of Australia. Prior to this, he represented the Australian Labor Party in parliament; he was a minister in the government of Gough Whitlam, and later became Leader of the Opposition, narrowly losing the 1980 federal election to the...
    
    , Governor-General of Australia
    Governor-General of Australia
    The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia is the representative in Australia at federal/national level of the Australian monarch . He or she exercises the supreme executive power of the Commonwealth...
    
     (1989–1996)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Bob Hawke
       Bob Hawke
       Robert James Lee "Bob" Hawke AC GCL was the 23rd Prime Minister of Australia from March 1983 to December 1991 and therefore longest serving Australian Labor Party Prime Minister....
       
       , Prime Minister of Australia
       Prime Minister of Australia
       The Prime Minister of the Commonwealth of Australia is the highest minister of the Crown, leader of the Cabinet and Head of Her Majesty's Australian Government, holding office on commission from the Governor-General of Australia. The office of Prime Minister is, in practice, the most powerful...
       
        (1983–1991)
    2. Paul Keating
       Paul Keating
       Paul John Keating was the 24th Prime Minister of Australia, serving from 1991 to 1996. Keating was elected as the federal Labor member for Blaxland in 1969 and came to prominence as the reformist treasurer of the Hawke Labor government, which came to power at the 1983 election...
       
       , Prime Minister of Australia
       Prime Minister of Australia
       The Prime Minister of the Commonwealth of Australia is the highest minister of the Crown, leader of the Cabinet and Head of Her Majesty's Australian Government, holding office on commission from the Governor-General of Australia. The office of Prime Minister is, in practice, the most powerful...
       
        (1991–1996)
  •   Christmas Island
    Christmas Island
    The Territory of Christmas Island is a territory of Australia in the Indian Ocean. It is located northwest of the Western Australian city of Perth, south of the Indonesian capital, Jakarta, and ENE of the Cocos Islands....
    
     (external territory of Australia)
    • Administrator -
      1. W.A. McKenzie, Administrator of Christmas Island (1990-1991)
      2. A. Mitchell, Acting Administrator of Christmas Island (1991)
      3. P. Gifford, Acting Administrator of Christmas Island (1991-1992)
    • Assembly Chairman -
      1. Gordon Bennett
         Gordon Bennett
         -People:*Gordon Bennett , Australian artist*Gordon Bennett , US Roman Catholic priest*Gordon Bennett , UK football coach*Gordon Bennett , Australian soldier...
         
         , Chairman of the Christmas Island Assembly (1990–1991)
      2. P. Goh, Chairman of the Christmas Island Assembly (1991–1992)
  •   Cocos (Keeling) Islands
    Cocos (Keeling) Islands
    The Territory of the Cocos Islands, also called Cocos Islands and Keeling Islands, is a territory of Australia, located in the Indian Ocean, southwest of Christmas Island and approximately midway between Australia and Sri Lanka....
    
     (external territory of Australia)
    • Administrator - Barry Cunningham
      Barry Cunningham
      Barry Thomas Cunningham was an Australian politician. Born in Pakenham, Victoria, he was a dairy and potato farmer and an agricultural contractor before entering politics...
      
      , Administrator of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1990-1992)
    • Council Chairman - Parson bin Yapat, Chairman of the Cocos Islands Council (1983-1993)
  •  Norfolk Island (self-governing territory of Australia)
    • Administrator - Herbert Bruce MacDonald, Administrator of Norfolk Island (1989–1992)
    • Head of Government - David Buffett
      David Buffett
      David Ernest Buffett AM is a political figure from the Australian territory of Norfolk Island. He is the current Chief Minister of Norfolk Island since March 2010, a position he has held on three previous occasions...
      
      , President of the Legislative Assembly of Norfolk Island (1989–1992)
•  Fiji -
  • President - Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau
    Penaia Ganilau
    Ratu Sir Penaia Kanatabatu Ganilau, GCMG, KCVO, KBE, DSO was the first President of Fiji, serving from 8 December 1987 until his death in 1993...
    
    , President of Fiji
    President of Fiji
    The President of the Republic of Fiji is the head of state of Fiji. The President was appointed by the Great Council of Chiefs for a five-year term under the terms of the now-suspended 1997 constitution. The Great Council of Chiefs is constitutionally required to consult the Prime Minister, but...
    
     (1987–1993)
  • Prime Minister - Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara
    Kamisese Mara
    Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, CF, GCMG, KBE is considered the founding father of the modern nation of Fiji. He was Chief Minister from 1967 to 1970, when Fiji gained its independence from the United Kingdom, and, apart from one brief interruption in 1987, the first Prime Minister from 1970 to 1992...
    
    , Prime Minister of Fiji
    Prime Minister of Fiji
    The Prime Minister of the Republic of Fiji is the head of government of Fiji. The Prime Minister was appointed by the President under the terms of the now-suspended 1997 constitution....
    
     (1987–1992) (French overseas territory)
  • High Commissioner - Jean Montpezat, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (1987–1992)
  • President of the Government -
    1. Alexandre Léontieff
       Alexandre Léontieff
       Alexandre Léontieff was the President of French Polynesia from 1987 to 1991.-Personal life:Léontieff was born on October 20, 1948, at Teahupo'o, Tahiti, near the world famous surfing location...
       
       , President of the Government of French Polynesia
       President of French Polynesia
       This is the list of Presidents of French Polynesia.-See also:*List of monarchs of Tahiti*Colonial and Departmental Heads of French Polynesia-External links:*...
       
        (1987–1991)
    2. Gaston Flosse
       Gaston Flosse
       Gaston Flosse is a French Polynesian politician who has been President of French Polynesia on four separate occasions. He is currently a member of the Senate of France.-Life and career:...
       
       , President of the Government of French Polynesia
       President of French Polynesia
       This is the list of Presidents of French Polynesia.-See also:*List of monarchs of Tahiti*Colonial and Departmental Heads of French Polynesia-External links:*...
       
        (1991–2004) (Insular area
       Insular area
       An insular area is a United States territory, that is neither a part of one of the fifty U.S. states nor the District of Columbia, the federal district of the United States...
       
        of the United States)
  • Governor - Joseph Franklin Ada
    Joseph Franklin Ada
    Joseph Franklin Ada is a U.S. politician.Born in Guam, Ada attended the College of Guam for two years before entering the University of Portland, where he graduated with a bachelor's degree in corporate finance in 1968. He served as the Republican Governor of Guam from 1987 until 1995. His running...
    
    , Governor of Guam (1987–1995)
•  Kiribati -
  • President -
    1. Ieremia Tabai
       Ieremia Tabai
       Sir Ieremia Tienang Tabai GCMG AO was the first President of Kiribati. He had been described as being the most able leader of the Pacific island states....
       
       , President of Kiribati
       President of Kiribati
       The President of Kiribati is the head of state and head of government of Kiribati.Following a general election, by which citizens elect the members of the House of Assembly, members select from their midst "not less than 3 nor more than 4 candidates" for the presidency. No other person may stand...
       
        (1983–1991)
    2. Teatao Teannaki
       Teatao Teannaki
       Teatao Teannaki is an I-Kiribati political figure.He was first elected to represent Abiang in the House of Assembly of Kiribati. Later, beginning in 1979, he served as Vice president of Kiribati under Ieremia Tabai...
       
       , President of Kiribati
       President of Kiribati
       The President of Kiribati is the head of state and head of government of Kiribati.Following a general election, by which citizens elect the members of the House of Assembly, members select from their midst "not less than 3 nor more than 4 candidates" for the presidency. No other person may stand...
       
        (1991–1994)
•  Marshall Islands -
  • President - Amata Kabua
    Amata Kabua
    Amata Kabua was the first President of the Marshall Islands from 1979 to 1996 ....
    
    , President of the Marshall Islands
    President of the Marshall Islands
    -List of Presidents of the Marshall Islands:...
    
     (1979–1996)
•  Federated States of Micronesia -
  • President -
    1. John Haglelgam
       John Haglelgam
       John Haglelgam was the second President of the Federated States of Micronesia. He served from 1987-1991. He is a native of Eauripik Island, Yap.-External links:*...
       
       , President of the Federated States of Micronesia
       President of the Federated States of Micronesia
       The following is a list of the Presidents of the Federated States of Micronesia:-See also:*High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands...
       
        (1987–1991)
    2. Bailey Olter
       Bailey Olter
       Bailey Olter was a Micronesian political figure. He served as Vice President of the Federated States of Micronesia from 1983 to 1987 and as the third president of the Federated States of Micronesia from 1991 to 1996...
       
       , President of the Federated States of Micronesia
       President of the Federated States of Micronesia
       The following is a list of the Presidents of the Federated States of Micronesia:-See also:*High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands...
       
        (1991–1997)
•  Nauru -
  • President - Bernard Dowiyogo
    Bernard Dowiyogo
    HE Bernard Annen Auwen Dowiyogo was President of the Republic of Nauru.-Background and early career:He first became an elected member of Nauru's 18-seat parliament in 1973...
    
    , President of Nauru
    President of Nauru
    The President of Nauru is elected by Parliament from amongst its members. He is both the head of state and head of government of Nauru. Nauru's unicameral Parliament has 18 members, with an electoral term of 3 years. Political parties only play a minor role in Nauru politics, and there has often...
    
     (1989–1995) (French overseas territory)
  • High Commissioner -
    1. Bernard Grasset, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (1988–1991)
    2. Alain Christnacht, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (1991–1994)
•  New Zealand -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand
    Monarchy in New Zealand
    The monarchy of New Zealand also referred to as The Crown in Right of New Zealand, Her Majesty in Right of New Zealand, or The Queen in Right of New Zealand is the constitutional system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign and head of state of the Realm of New Zealand,...
    
     (1952–present)
  • Governor-General - Dame Catherine Tizard
    Catherine Tizard
    Dame Catherine Anne Tizard, was Mayor of Auckland City and the 16th Governor-General of New Zealand, the first woman to hold either office.-Early life:...
    
    , Governor-General of New Zealand (1990–1996)
  • Prime Minister - Jim Bolger
    Jim Bolger
    James Brendan "Jim" Bolger, ONZ was the 35th Prime Minister of New Zealand from 1990 to 1997. Bolger was elected on the promise of delivering a "Decent Society" following the previous Labour government's economic reforms, known as Rogernomics...
    
    , Prime Minister of New Zealand
    Prime Minister of New Zealand
    The Prime Minister of New Zealand is New Zealand's head of government consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the Parliament of New Zealand...
    
    , (1990–1997)
  •  Cook Islands (Associated state
    Associated state
    An associated state is the minor partner in a formal, free relationship between a political territory with a degree of statehood and a nation, for which no other specific term, such as protectorate, is adopted...
    
     of New Zealand)
    • Queen's Representative - Apenera Short
      Apenera Short
      Sir Apenera Pera Short KBE was a Cook Islands politician and from 1990 to 2000 was the Queen's Representative in the Cook Islands....
      
      , Queen's Representative on the Cook Islands
      Queen's Representative
      The Queen's Representative is the formal title given to the representative of Queen Elizabeth II, as Queen of New Zealand, in the Cook Islands....
      
       (1990–2000)
    • Prime Minister - Geoffrey Henry
      Geoffrey Henry
      Sir Geoffrey Arama Henry KBE is a Cook Island politician who was twice the Prime Minister of the Cook Islands. He was leader of the Cook Islands Party from 1979 to 2006.-Early life:...
      
      , Prime Minister of the Cook Islands
      Prime Minister of the Cook Islands
      The Prime Minister of the Cook Islands is the official rsponsible for heading Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II's government in the Cook Islands, a self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand. The office was established in 1965, when self-government was first granted to the islands...
      
       (1989–1999)
  •  Niue (associated state
    Associated state
    An associated state is the minor partner in a formal, free relationship between a political territory with a degree of statehood and a nation, for which no other specific term, such as protectorate, is adopted...
    
     of New Zealand)
    • Premier - Sir Robert Rex
      Robert Rex
      Sir Robert Richmond Rex, KBE, CMG, was Premier of the Pacific island state of Niue from its establishment as a self-governing territory 19 October 1974 until his death in 1992...
      
      , Premier of Niue
      Premier of Niue
      The Premier of Niue is Niue's head of government. He or she is elected by the Niue Assembly, and forms a Cabinet consisting of him- or herself and three other members of the Assembly....
      
       (1974–1992)
  •   Tokelau
    Tokelau
    Tokelau is a territory of New Zealand in the South Pacific Ocean that consists of three tropical coral atolls with a combined land area of 10 km2 and a population of approximately 1,400...
    
     (dependent territory
    Dependent territory
    A dependent territory, dependent area or dependency is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a State, and remains politically outside of the controlling state's integral area....
    
     of New Zealand)
    • Administrator - Graham Keith Ansell, Administrator of Tokelau (1990–1992) (Commonwealth
      Commonwealth (United States insular area)
      In the terminology of the United States insular areas, a Commonwealth is a type of organized but unincorporated dependent territory.The definition of "Commonwealth" according to current U.S. State Department policy reads: "The term 'Commonwealth' does not describe or provide for any specific...
      
       of the United States)
  • Governor - Lorenzo I. De Leon Guerrero
    Lorenzo I. De Leon Guerrero
    Lorenzo I. De Leon Guerrero was the third elected Governor of the United States Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.-Biography:...
    
    , Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (1990–1994) (United Nations Trust Territory
    United Nations Trust Territories
    United Nations trust territories were the successors of the remaining League of Nations mandates and came into being when the League of Nations ceased to exist in 1946. All of the trust territories were administered through the UN Trusteeship Council...
    
     administered by the USA
    United Nations Trust Territories
    United Nations trust territories were the successors of the remaining League of Nations mandates and came into being when the League of Nations ceased to exist in 1946. All of the trust territories were administered through the UN Trusteeship Council...
    
    )
  • President - Ngiratkel Etpison
    Ngiratkel Etpison
    Ngiratkel Etpison was a politician from Palau. He was elected the country's president in the 1988 elections, the final elections conducted under a plurality voting system, in which he received just 26% of the votes cast, defeating opponent Roman Tmetuchl by a margin of 31 votes...
    
    , President of Palau
    President of Palau
    -List of Presidents of Palau:-Latest election:-See also:*Vice-President of Palau*High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands...
    
     (1989–1993)
•  Papua New Guinea
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–present)
  • Governor-General -
    1. Sir Vincent Eri
       Vincent Eri
       Sir Vincent Serei Eri, GCMG was the fifth Governor General of Papua New Guinea and is often cited as being the first Papua New Guinean national to write a novel, The Crocodile in English...
       
       , Governor-General of Papua New Guinea
       Governor-General of Papua New Guinea
       The Governor-General of Papua New Guinea is the viceregal representative of Queen Elizabeth II, known in Tok Pisin as 'Missis Kwin', Papua New Guinea's head of state, performing the duties of the Queen in her absence...
       
        (1990–1991)
    2. Dennis Young, Acting Governor-General of Papua New Guinea
       Governor-General of Papua New Guinea
       The Governor-General of Papua New Guinea is the viceregal representative of Queen Elizabeth II, known in Tok Pisin as 'Missis Kwin', Papua New Guinea's head of state, performing the duties of the Queen in her absence...
       
        (1991)
    3. Sir Wiwa Korowi
       Wiwa Korowi
       Sir Wiwa Korowi, GCMG was the sixth Governor-General of Papua New Guinea.Sir Wiwa is from the Southern Highlands. He was a member of the Nationalist Party and was voted by the Parliament to the position of Governor-General on November 18, 1991, to fill the position which Serei Eri had vacated...
       
       , Governor-General of Papua New Guinea
       Governor-General of Papua New Guinea
       The Governor-General of Papua New Guinea is the viceregal representative of Queen Elizabeth II, known in Tok Pisin as 'Missis Kwin', Papua New Guinea's head of state, performing the duties of the Queen in her absence...
       
        (1991–1997)
  • Prime Minister - Rabbie Namaliu
    Rabbie Namaliu
    Sir Rabbie Langanai Namaliu, GCL, CSM, KCMG is a Papua New Guinea politician. He served as the fourth Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea from 1988 to 1992 as leader of the Pangu Party...
    
    , Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea
    Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea
    The Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea, is Papua New Guinea's head of government, consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the National Parliament. Since 2 August 2011, the Prime Minister has been Peter O’Neill of the People's National Congress Party.-List...
    
     (1988–1992) (British dependent territory)
  • Governor - David Moss
    David Moss
    David Moss is an American professional ice hockey right winger for the Calgary Flames.-Playing career:Moss was selected 220th overall in the seventh round of the 2001 NHL Entry Draft and played for the Flames' AHL affiliate, the Omaha Ak-Sar-Ben Knights from the 2005–06 season. While with the...
    
    , Governor of the Pitcairn Islands
    Governor of the Pitcairn Islands
    The Governor of the Pitcairn Islands is the representative of the British crown in the Pitcairn Islands, which are the last remaining British territory in the Pacific Ocean...
    
     (1990–1994)
  • Magistrate -
    1. Brian Young
       Brian Young (magistrate)
       Brian Michael John Young served as magistrate of the British Overseas Territory of Pitcairn Island from December 1984 until 1 January 1991. In 2007 Young was found guilty of rape and indecent assault and was sentenced to six years and six months in prison.-Ancestry:-References:...
       
       , Magistrate of the Pitcairn Islands (1984–1991)
    2. Jay Warren
       Jay Warren
       Jay Calvin Warren is a political figure from the Pacific territory of the Pitcairn Islands.-Political roles:Jay Warren was elected Mayor of the last remaining British dependency in Oceania in the general election held on 15 December 2004, defeating Brenda Christian, who had held the Mayoralty in...
       
       , Magistrate of the Pitcairn Islands (1991–1999)
•  Solomon Islands -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of the Solomon Islands
    Monarch of the Solomon Islands
    The monarchy of the Solomon Islands is a system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign of the Solomon Islands. The present monarch of the Solomon Islands is Queen Elizabeth II. The Solomon Islands share the Sovereign with a number of Commonwealth realms...
    
     (1978–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir George Lepping, Governor-General of the Solomon Islands
    Governor-General of the Solomon Islands
    The Governor-General of Solomon Islands is the representative of the Queen of Solomon Islands, Elizabeth II. The Queen does not reside in the islands, and so the Governor-General serves as the country's de facto head of state in her absence....
    
     (1988–1994)
  • Prime Minister - Solomon Mamaloni
    Solomon Mamaloni
    Solomon Mamaloni was the second Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands three times:* August 31, 1981 - November 19, 1984* March 28, 1989 - June 18, 1993* November 7, 1994 - August 27, 1997...
    
    , Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands
    Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands
    The Prime Minister of Solomon Islands is Solomon Islands' head of government, consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the National Parliament. Solomon Islands is a Commonwealth realm. Since August 2010, the Prime Minister has been Danny Philip of the Reform...
    
     (1989–1993)
•  Tonga -
  • Monarch - Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965–2006)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Prince Fatafehi Tu'ipelehake
       Tu'i Pelehake (Fatafehi)
       Sione Ngū Manumataongo Tukuʻaho , also known as HRH Prince Fatafehi Tu'ipelehake, was the youngest son of Sālote Tupou III and was educated in Tonga and Australia. Tu'ipelehake is a traditional high ranking Tongan title....
       
       , Prime Minister of Tonga
       Prime Minister of Tonga
       This is a list of Prime Ministers of Tonga from the establishment of that office in 1876 until the present day.-List of Premiers/Prime Ministers of Tonga :-External links:*...
       
        (1965–1991)
    2. Baron Vaea, Prime Minister of Tonga
       Prime Minister of Tonga
       This is a list of Prime Ministers of Tonga from the establishment of that office in 1876 until the present day.-List of Premiers/Prime Ministers of Tonga :-External links:*...
       
        (1991–2000) Tuvalu
       Tuvalu
       Tuvalu , formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia. Its nearest neighbours are Kiribati, Nauru, Samoa and Fiji. It comprises four reef islands and five true atolls...
       
       -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Tuvalu (1978–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Toaripi Lauti
    Toaripi Lauti
    Sir Toaripi Lauti, GCMG, PC was born Toalipi Lauti on November 28, 1928.-Pre-Independence career:He was the chief minister of Tuvalu, the former Ellice Islands, from October 2, 1975 to October 1, 1978. The Tuvalu archipelago, located about halfway between Australia and Hawaii, consists of six...
    
    , Governor-General of Tuvalu
    Governor-General of Tuvalu
    The Governor-General of Tuvalu is the representative of Queen Elizabeth II as Queen of Tuvalu, the nation's Head of State, and performs the duties of the Queen in her absence.-History:...
    
     (1990–1993)
  • Prime Minister - Bikenibeu Paeniu
    Bikenibeu Paeniu
    The Rt Hon Bikenibeu Paeniu is a politician from Tuvalu. He has served twice as the third Prime Minister of Tuvalu.-Political career:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Tuvalu
    Prime Minister of Tuvalu
    The Prime Minister of Tuvalu is the head of government of Tuvalu. According to Tuvalu's constitution, the Prime Minister must always be a member of Parliament, and is elected by Parliament in a secret ballot. Because there are no political parties in Tuvalu, any member of Parliament can be...
    
     (1989–1993)
•  Vanuatu -
  • President - Frederick Karlomuana Timakata
    Frederick Karlomuana Timakata
    Rev. Frederick "Fred" Karlomuana Timakata served as acting President of the island country of Vanuatu briefly in 1984, and subsequently as President from January 30, 1989 to January 30, 1994....
    
    , President of Vanuatu
    President of Vanuatu
    The President of Vanuatu is the head of state of Vanuatu. The President is elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and the presidents of the regional councils.The President's role is mostly ceremonial...
    
     (1989–1994)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Walter Lini
       Walter Lini
       Father Walter Hadye Lini was an Anglican priest and the founding Prime Minister of Vanuatu. He was born on Pentecost Island. During the era when Vanuatu was a condominium ruled by the United Kingdom and France, Lini formed the Vanua'aku Pati, which was principally backed by English-speakers...
       
       , Prime Minister of Vanuatu (1979–1991)
    2. Donald Kalpokas
       Donald Kalpokas
       Donald Masike'Vanua Kalpokas is a ni-Vanuatu politician and diplomat who served as prime minister of Vanuatu twice.Kalpokas was born on Efate island. Along with Walter Lini he founded the Vanua'aku Pati a political party which supported political independence for Vanuatu, socialist policies, and...
       
       , Prime Minister of Vanuatu (1991)
    3. Maxime Carlot Korman
       Maxime Carlot Korman
       Maxime Carlot Korman is a ni-Vanuatu politician, formerly serving as Speaker of the Parliament and formerly as acting President. He served as Prime minister of Vanuatu for nearly five years, first from 16 December 1991 to 21 December 1995 and again from 23 February 1996 to 30 September 1996...
       
       , Prime Minister of Vanuatu (1991–1995) (French overseas territory)
  • Administrator-Superior - Robert Pommies, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna
    Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna
    The Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna is the representative of the President of the French Republic in Wallis and Futuna. The current Administrator is Michel Jeanjean...
    
     (1990–1993)
  • President of the Territorial Assembly - Clovis Logologofolau, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna
    Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna
    Wallis and Futuna elects on territorial level a legislature. The Territorial Assembly has 20 members, elected for a five year term by proportional representation in multi-seat constituencies....
    
     (1990–1992)
•  Samoa
  • Head of State - Malietoa Tanumafili II, O le Ao o le Malo of Western Samoa
    O le Ao o le Malo
    O le Ao o le Malo is the Samoan head of state, which is the title's rough translation....
    
     (1962–2007)
  • Prime Minister - Tofilau Eti Alesana
    Tofilau Eti Alesana
    Tofilau Eti Alesana, AC, born Aualamalefalelima Alesana, was a Samoan politician. He was born in Vaitogi, Tutuila, American Samoa to a Samoan upper-class parents, Reverend James Alesana Fai'ivae and Vaoita Iosefa Mala'itai...
    
    , Prime Minister of Western Samoa (1988–1998)

South America

•  Argentina -
  • President - Carlos Menem
    Carlos Menem
    Carlos Saúl Menem is an Argentine politician who was President of Argentina from 1989 to 1999. He is currently an Argentine National Senator for La Rioja Province.-Early life:...
    
    , President of Argentina (1989–1999)
•  Bolivia -
  • President - Jaime Paz Zamora
    Jaime Paz Zamora
    Jaime Paz Zamora was President of Bolivia from August 6, 1989 to August 6, 1993. He also served as Vice-President between 1982 and 1984.-Foundation of the MIR and alliance with Siles Zuazo:...
    
    , President of Bolivia
    President of Bolivia
    The President of Bolivia is head of state and head of government of Bolivia. According to the current Constitution, the president is elected by popular vote to a five year term, renewable once...
    
     (1989–1993)
•  Brazil -
  • President - Fernando Collor de Mello
    Fernando Collor de Mello
    Fernando Affonso Collor de Mello was the 32nd president of Brazil from 1990 to 1992, when he resigned in a failed attempt to stop his trial of impeachment by the Brazilian Senate...
    
    , President of Brazil (1990–1992)
•  Chile -
  • President - Patricio Aylwin
    Patricio Aylwin
    Patricio Aylwin Azócar was the first president of Chile after its return to democratic rule in 1990, following the military dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet.- Early life :...
    
    , President of Chile
    President of Chile
    The President of the Republic of Chile is both the head of state and the head of government of the Republic of Chile. The President is responsible of the government and state administration...
    
     (1990–1994)
•  Colombia -
  • President - César Gaviria
    César Gaviria
    César Gaviria Trujillo is a Colombian politician and a Latin American statesman. He served as President of Colombia from 1990 to 1994, and Secretary General of the Organization of American States from 1994 until 2004.-Early life:...
    
    , President of Colombia (1990–1994)
•  Ecuador -
  • President - Rodrigo Borja Cevallos
    Rodrigo Borja Cevallos
    Rodrigo Borja Cevallos was President of Ecuador from 10 August 1988 to 10 August 1992.-Biography:Borja was born in Quito, the capital of Ecuador. He helped to found the Party of the Democratic Left, a socialist political party which quickly gained strength. He served several terms in Congress,...
    
    , President of Ecuador (1988–1992) (British dependent territory)
  • Governor - William Hugh Fullerton, Governor of the Falkland Islands
    Governor of the Falkland Islands
    The Governor of the Falkland Islands is the representative of the British Crown in the Falkland Islands, acting "in Her Majesty's name and on Her Majesty's behalf" as the islands' de facto head of state in the absence of the British monarch...
    
     (1988–1992)
  • Chief Executive - Ronald Sampson
    Ronald Sampson
    Ronald Sampson, CBE, is a British administrator who served as Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands from April 1989 until September 1994.During his time as Chief Executive, Sampson worked to improve up the infrastructure of the Falkland Islands in the wake of the 1982 war...
    
    , Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands
    Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands
    The Chief Executive of the Falklands Islands is the head of government of the Falkland Islands, as well as head of the public service responsible for the efficient and effective management of the Falkland Islands Government...
    
     (1989–1994)
•  Guyana -
  • President - Desmond Hoyte
    Desmond Hoyte
    Hugh Desmond Hoyte was a Guyanese politician. He served as Prime Minister of Guyana from 1984 to 1985 and President of Guyana from 1985 until 1992.He was born in Guyana's capital, Georgetown...
    
    , President of Guyana (1985–1992)
  • Prime Minister - Hamilton Green
    Hamilton Green
    Hamilton Green was the prime minister of Guyana from 6 August 1985 to 9 October 1992, during the racial and oppressive dictatorship of the People's National Congress...
    
    , Prime Minister of Guyana (1985–1992)
•  Paraguay -
  • President - Andrés Rodríguez, President of Paraguay (1989–1993)
•  Peru -
  • President - Alberto Fujimori
    Alberto Fujimori
    Alberto Fujimori Fujimori served as President of Peru from 28 July 1990 to 17 November 2000. A controversial figure, Fujimori has been credited with the creation of Fujimorism, uprooting terrorism in Peru and restoring its macroeconomic stability, though his methods have drawn charges of...
    
    , President of Peru (1990–2000)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Juan Carlos Hurtado Miller, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (1990–1991)
    2. Alfonso de Los Heros, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (1991–1992)
•  Suriname -
  • President -
    1. Johan Kraag, President of Suriname
       President of Suriname
       The President of the Republic of Suriname is, in accordance with the Constitution of 1987, the head of state, head of government, and commander-in-chief of Suriname....
       
        (1990–1991)
    2. Ronald Venetiaan
       Ronald Venetiaan
       Ronald Runaldo Venetiaan served as the 6th and 8th President of Suriname. His first term as president ran from 1991 to 1996 after which he lost in the elections to Jules Wijdenbosch...
       
       , President of Suriname
       President of Suriname
       The President of the Republic of Suriname is, in accordance with the Constitution of 1987, the head of state, head of government, and commander-in-chief of Suriname....
       
        (1991–1996)
•  Uruguay -
  • President - Luis Alberto Lacalle
    Luis Alberto Lacalle
    Luis Alberto Lacalle de Herrera is a Uruguayan lawyer and politician who served as President of Uruguay from 1990 to 1995.-Background:His mother, María Hortensia de Herrera de Lacalle, was the daughter of the Blanco political leader Luis Alberto de Herrera, after whom Lacalle was named. Luis...
    
    , President of Uruguay (1990–1995)
•  Venezuela -
  • President - Carlos Andrés Pérez
    Carlos Andrés Pérez
    Carlos Andrés Pérez Rodríguez , also known as CAP and often referred to as El Gocho , was a Venezuelan politician, President of Venezuela from 1974 to 1979 and again from 1989 to 1993. His first presidency was known as the Saudi Venezuela due to its economic and social prosperity thanks to...
    
    , President of Venezuela (1989–1993)