List of state leaders in 1992
Encyclopedia

Africa

  •  Algeria
    • Head of State -
      1. Chadli Bendjedid
        Chadli Bendjedid
        Chadli Bendjedid was the sixth President of Algeria from February 9, 1979 to January 11, 1992.-Early career:...

        , President of Algeria (1979–1992)
      2. Mohamed Boudiaf, Chairman of the High Council of State of Algeria (1992)
      3. Ali Kafi
        Ali Kafi
        Ali Hussain Kafi was chairman of the High Council of State of Algeria from July 2, 1992 to January 31, 1994. He was selected as chairman four days after the death of Muhammad Boudiaf....

        , Chairman of the High Council of State of Algeria (1992–1994)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Sid Ahmed Ghozali
        Sid Ahmed Ghozali
        Sid Ahmed Ghozali is an Algerian politician. He was a member of the National Liberation Front party and an ally of former President Houari Boumedienne, under whom he served as head of Sonatrach from 1966 to 1977, when he became Minister of Energy and Industry...

        , Prime Minister of Algeria
        Prime Minister of Algeria
        The Prime Minister is the head of government of Algeria.The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Algeria, along with other ministers and members of the government that the new Prime Minister recommends. The People's National Assembly must approve the legislative program of the new...

         (1991–1992)
      2. Belaid Abdessalam
        Belaid Abdessalam
        Belaid Abdessalam is an Algerian politician. He was a nationalist leader in the FLN during Algeria's struggle for independence from France...

        , Prime Minister of Algeria
        Prime Minister of Algeria
        The Prime Minister is the head of government of Algeria.The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Algeria, along with other ministers and members of the government that the new Prime Minister recommends. The People's National Assembly must approve the legislative program of the new...

         (1992–1993)
  •  Angola
    • the People's Republic of Angola
      People's Republic of Angola
      The People's Republic of Angola was a self-declared socialist state that was established in 1975 after it was granted independence from Portugal, akin to the situation in Mozambique. The newly-founded nation enjoyed friendly relations with the Soviet Union, Cuba, and the People's Republic of...

       changed into the Republic of Angola
      Angola
      Angola, officially the Republic of Angola , is a country in south-central Africa bordered by Namibia on the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the north, and Zambia on the east; its west coast is on the Atlantic Ocean with Luanda as its capital city...

       on 27 August 1992
    • President - José Eduardo dos Santos
      José Eduardo dos Santos
      José Eduardo dos Santos is an Angolan politician who has been the second and current President of Angola since 1979. As President, José Eduardo dos Santos is also the commander in chief of the Angolan Armed Forces and president of the MPLA , the party that has been ruling Angola since...

      , President of Angola
      President of Angola
      The President of the Republic of Angola is both head of state and head of government in Angola. While the President appoints a Prime Minister, executive authority usually belongs to the President....

       (1979–present)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem
        Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem
        Dr. Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem is an Angolan political figure who was the First Vice-President of the African Union's Pan-African Parliament...

        , Prime Minister of Angola
        Prime Minister of Angola
        The Prime Minister of Angola is a high government official in Angola, but is not the head of government.Along with the rest of the Council of Ministers, the Prime Minister is appointed by the President. The position was originally created when Angola achieved independence from Portugal on 11...

         (1991–1992)
      2. Marcolino Moco
        Marcolino Moco
        Marcolino Moco was the Prime Minister of Angola from December 2, 1992 until June 3, 1996. Moco was fired from his role by President José Eduardo dos Santos. Santos removed the entire cabinet alongside the Governor of the central bank in a bid to be seen as decisive...

        , Prime Minister of Angola
        Prime Minister of Angola
        The Prime Minister of Angola is a high government official in Angola, but is not the head of government.Along with the rest of the Council of Ministers, the Prime Minister is appointed by the President. The position was originally created when Angola achieved independence from Portugal on 11...

         (1992–1996)
  •  Benin
    • President - Nicéphore Soglo
      Nicéphore Soglo
      Nicéphore Dieudonné Soglo is a Beninois politician who was Prime Minister of Benin from 1990 to 1991 and President from 1991 to 1996. He has been the Mayor of Cotonou since 2003.-Biography:Soglo was born in Togo...

      , President of Benin (1991–1996)
  •  Botswana
    • President - Sir Quett Masire
      Quett Masire
      Quett Ketumile Joni Masire, GCMG was the second President of Botswana for the Botswana Democratic Party from 1980 to 1998. He stepped down and was succeeded by the then Vice-President of Botswana, Festus Mogae, who became the third President of Botswana...

      , President of Botswana
      Heads of state of Botswana
      -Presidents of Botswana :- Affiliations :- See also :*Heads of government of Botswana*Vice-President of Botswana*Colonial heads of Botswana *Lists of office-holders...

       (1980–1998)
  •  Burkina Faso
    • President - Blaise Compaoré
      Blaise Compaoré
      Blaise Compaoré has been the President of Burkina Faso since 1987 following a coup d'état that ousted then-President Thomas Sankara. In 2011, a mutiny by soldiers over unpaid housing allowances forced him to flee the capital for his hometown...

      , President of Burkina Faso
      Heads of state of Burkina Faso
      -List of heads of state of Burkina Faso:-Affiliations:-Latest election:-See also:*Burkina Faso**Heads of government of Burkina Faso**Colonial heads of Burkina Faso...

       (1987–present)
    • Prime Minister - Youssouf Ouédraogo
      Youssouf Ouédraogo
      Youssouf Ouédraogo is a politician in Burkina Faso. In 1992 he became the first Prime Minister of Burkina Faso since 1983, serving from June 16, 1992 to March 22, 1994. From January 1999 to June 2007 he was the Minister of State for Foreign Affairs...

      , Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (1992–1994)
  •  Burundi
    • President - Pierre Buyoya
      Pierre Buyoya
      Major Pierre Buyoya is a Burundian politician who has ruled Burundi twice, from 1987 to 1993 and from 1996 to 2003...

      , President of Burundi (1987–1993)
    • Prime Minister - Adrien Sibomana
      Adrien Sibomana
      Adrien Sibomana was the prime minister of Burundi from October 19, 1988 until July 10, 1993. He was a member of UPRONA. He is an ethnic Hutu and was appointed by the Tutsi President Pierre Buyoya in an unsuccessful attempt to appease Hutus by giving a few high government posts to them...

      , Prime Minister of Burundi
      Heads of government of Burundi
      -List of Heads of Government of Burundi:-Affiliations:-See also:*Burundi**Kings of Burundi**Presidents of Burundi**Vice-Presidents of Burundi**Provincial governors of Burundi...

       (1988–1993)
  •  Cameroon
    • President - Paul Biya
      Paul Biya
      Paul Biya is a Cameroonian politician who has been the President of Cameroon since 6 November 1982. A native of Cameroon's south, Biya rose rapidly as a bureaucrat under President Ahmadou Ahidjo in the 1960s, serving as Secretary-General of the Presidency from 1968 to 1975 and then as Prime...

      , President of Cameroon
      Heads of state of Cameroon
      -Presidents of Cameroon :-Affiliations:-Latest election:-See also:*Politics of Cameroon*Heads of government of Cameroon*Colonial heads of Cameroon...

       (1982–present)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Sadou Hayatou
        Sadou Hayatou
        Sadou Hayatou is a former Cameroonian politician. Hayatou served as Prime Minister of Cameroon from 26 April 1991 to 9 April 1992.-Biography:Hayatou was born in Garoua...

        , Prime Minister of Cameroon
        Prime Minister of Cameroon
        Under the current constitution of Cameroon, the Prime Minister of Cameroon is a relatively powerless executive. While the Prime Minister is officially appointed to be the head of government, the President retains most of the executive power and can fire the Prime Minister at will.-History:The...

         (1991–1992)
      2. Simon Achidi Achu
        Simon Achidi Achu
        "Pa" Simon Achidi Achu is a Cameroonian politician who served as the Prime Minister of Cameroon from 1992 to 1996. A leading member of the Cameroon People's Democratic Movement , he is currently the Chairman of the National Investment Corporation.-Biography:Achidi Achu was born in Bamenda and grew...

        , Prime Minister of Cameroon
        Prime Minister of Cameroon
        Under the current constitution of Cameroon, the Prime Minister of Cameroon is a relatively powerless executive. While the Prime Minister is officially appointed to be the head of government, the President retains most of the executive power and can fire the Prime Minister at will.-History:The...

         (1992–1996)  Cape Verde
    • President - António Mascarenhas Monteiro
      António Mascarenhas Monteiro
      António Manuel Mascarenhas Gomes Monteiro was the President of Cape Verde from March 22, 1991 to March 22, 2001.-Education:Monteiro went to university in Belgium and graduated with his law degree from the Catholic University of Leuven...

      , President of Cape Verde
      Heads of state of Cape Verde
      -Presidents of Cape Verde :-Affiliations:-Latest election:- See also :*Cape Verde**Heads of government of Cape Verde**Colonial heads of Cape Verde...

       (1991–2001)
    • Prime Minister - Carlos Veiga
      Carlos Veiga
      Carlos Alberto Wahnon de Carvalho Veiga is a Cape Verdean politician. He was Prime Minister of Cape Verde from April 4, 1991 to July 29, 2000, and he unsuccessfully ran for President as the candidate of the Movement for Democracy in 2001 and 2006....

      , Prime Minister of Cape Verde
      Heads of government of Cape Verde
      -Prime Ministers of Cape Verde :-Affiliations:-See also:*Cape Verde**Heads of state of Cape Verde**Colonial heads of Cape Verde**List of political parties in Cape Verde...

       (1991–2000)
  •  Central African Republic
    • President - André Kolingba
      André Kolingba
      André-Dieudonné Kolingba was the fourth president of the Central African Republic , from 1 September 1981 until 1 October 1993. He took power from President David Dacko in a bloodless coup d'état in 1981 and lost power to Ange-Félix Patassé in a democratic election held in 1993...

      , President of the Central African Republic (1981–1993)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Edouard Frank
        Edouard Frank
        Édouard Frank is a Central African magistrate and political figure. He was Prime Minister of the Central African Republic from 15 March 1991 to 4 December 1992.Frank presided over the 1986–1987 trial of former Emperor Jean-Bédel Bokassa...

        , Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (1991–1992)
      2. Timothée Malendoma
        Timothée Malendoma
        Timothée Malendoma was a Central African politician who served as the Prime Minister of the Central African Republic from 4 December 1992 to 26 February 1993...

        , Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (1992–1993)
  •  Chad
    • President - Idriss Déby
      Idriss Déby
      General Idriss Déby Itno is the President of Chad and the head of the Patriotic Salvation Movement. Déby is of the Bidyat clan of the Zaghawa ethnic group. He added "Itno" to his surname in January 2006.-Rise to power:...

      , President of Chad
      Heads of state of Chad
      -List of Heads of State of Chad:-Affiliations:-External links:**...

       (1990–present)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Jean Alingué Bawoyeu
        Jean Alingué Bawoyeu
        Jean Alingué Bawoyeu , known in French as the vieux sage, which translates as "wise elder", is a Chadian politician. A Christian, his base of support is in Tandjilé, in southern Chad, from which he originates. He was President of the National Assembly in 1990 and then Prime Minister from 1991 to 1992...

        , Prime Minister of Chad (1991–1992)
      2. Joseph Yodoyman
        Joseph Yodoyman
        Joseph Yodoyman was a Chadian politician and civil servant, who held the post of Prime Minister under President Idriss Déby from 1992 to 1993....

        , Prime Minister of Chad (1992–1993)   Comoros
        Comoros
        The Comoros , officially the Union of the Comoros is an archipelago island nation in the Indian Ocean, located off the eastern coast of Africa, on the northern end of the Mozambique Channel, between northeastern Mozambique and northwestern Madagascar...

    • President - Said Mohamed Djohar
      Said Mohamed Djohar
      Said Mohammed Djohar was a Comorian politician who served as President of the Comoros during the 1990s.-Climb to power:...

      , President of Comoros
      Heads of state of Comoros
      -List of Heads of State of the Comoros:- Affiliations :-See also:*Comoros**Heads of government of the Comoros**Colonial heads of the Comoros*Lists of office-holders...

       (1989–1995)
    • Prime Minister - Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim
      Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim
      Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim was President of the Comoros from 25 March 1996 until his death on 6 November 1998.-His Life:...

      , Prime Minister of Comoros
      Heads of government of the Comoros
      -List of Heads of Government of the Comoros:-Affiliations:-See also:*Comoros**Heads of state of the Comoros**Colonial heads of the Comoros*Lists of office-holders...

       (1992) Congo
      Republic of the Congo
      The Republic of the Congo , sometimes known locally as Congo-Brazzaville, is a state in Central Africa. It is bordered by Gabon, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo , the Angolan exclave province of Cabinda, and the Gulf of Guinea.The region was dominated by...

    • the People's Republic of the Congo
      People's Republic of the Congo
      The People's Republic of the Congo was a self-declared Marxist-Leninist socialist state that was established in 1970 in the Republic of the Congo...

       changed into the Republic of the Congo
      Republic of the Congo
      The Republic of the Congo , sometimes known locally as Congo-Brazzaville, is a state in Central Africa. It is bordered by Gabon, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo , the Angolan exclave province of Cabinda, and the Gulf of Guinea.The region was dominated by...

       on 15 March 1992
    • President -
      1. Denis Sassou Nguesso
        Denis Sassou Nguesso
        Denis Sassou Nguesso is a Congolese politician who has been the President of Congo-Brazzaville since 1997; he was previously President from 1979 to 1992. During his first period as President, he headed the single-party regime of the Congolese Labour Party for 12 years...

        , President of Congo
        Heads of state of the Republic of the Congo
        -List of Heads of State of the Republic of the Congo :-Affiliations:-See also:*Congo*Republic of the Congo**List of heads of government of the Republic of the Congo...

         (1979–1992)
      2. Pascal Lissouba
        Pascal Lissouba
        Pascal Lissouba was the first democratically elected President of the Republic of the Congo from August 31, 1992 to October 15, 1997. He was overthrown by the current President Denis Sassou Nguesso in the 1997 civil war....

        , President of Congo
        Heads of state of the Republic of the Congo
        -List of Heads of State of the Republic of the Congo :-Affiliations:-See also:*Congo*Republic of the Congo**List of heads of government of the Republic of the Congo...

         (1992–1997)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. André Milongo
        André Milongo
        André Ntsatouabantou Milongo was a Congolese politician who served as Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo from June 1991 to August 1992. He was chosen by the 1991 National Conference to lead the country during its transition to multiparty elections, which were held in 1992...

        , Prime Minister of Congo (1991–1992)
      2. Stéphane Maurice Bongho-Nouarra
        Stéphane Maurice Bongho-Nouarra
        Stéphane Maurice Bongho-Nouarra was a Congolese politician. He served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville during the late 1960s, and after a long period in exile, he returned and played an important role in the politics of the 1990s...

        , Prime Minister of Congo (1992)
      3. Claude Antoine Dacosta, Prime Minister of Congo (1992–1993)
  •  Côte d'Ivoire
    • President - Félix Houphouët-Boigny
      Félix Houphouët-Boigny
      Félix Houphouët-Boigny , affectionately called Papa Houphouët or Le Vieux, was the first President of Côte d'Ivoire. Originally a village chief, he worked as a doctor, an administrator of a plantation, and a union leader, before being elected to the French Parliament and serving in a number of...

      , President of Côte d'Ivoire
      Heads of state of Côte d'Ivoire
      -Presidents of Côte d'Ivoire :-Affiliations:-See also:*Côte d'Ivoire**Heads of government of Côte d'Ivoire**Colonial heads of the Côte d'Ivoire...

       (1960–1993)
    • Prime Minister - Alassane Ouattara
      Alassane Ouattara
      Alassane Dramane Ouattara is an Ivorian politician who has been President of Côte d'Ivoire since 2011. An economist by profession, Ouattara worked for the International Monetary Fund and the Central Bank of West African States , and he was the Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire from November 1990 to...

      , Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire
      Heads of government of Côte d'Ivoire
      -Prime Ministers of Côte d'Ivoire :-Affiliations:-Sources:*http://www.rulers.org* Guinness Book of Kings Rulers & Statesmen, Clive Carpenter, Guinness Superlatives Ltd...

       (1990–1993)
  •  Djibouti
    • President - Hassan Gouled Aptidon
      Hassan Gouled Aptidon
      Hassan Gouled Aptidon was the first President of Djibouti from 1977 to 1999.-Biography:...

      , President of Djibouti
      Heads of state of Djibouti
      -Presidents of Djibouti :-Affiliations:-See also:*Djibouti**Heads of government of Djibouti*French Territory of the Afars and the Issas *French Somaliland...

       (1977–1999)
    • Prime Minister - Barkat Gourad Hamadou
      Barkat Gourad Hamadou
      Barkat Gourad Hamadou was the Prime Minister of Djibouti from 2 October 1978 until 7 March 2001.-Political career:Hamadou is a member of the Afar ethnic group and was born in Dikhil Region, in the southwest of Djibouti...

      , Prime Minister of Djibouti
      Heads of government of Djibouti
      -Prime Ministers of Djibouti :-Affiliations:-See also:*Djibouti**Heads of state of Djibouti*French Territory of the Afars and the Issas *French Somaliland...

       (1978–2001)
  •  Egypt
    • President - Hosni Mubarak
      Hosni Mubarak
      Muhammad Hosni Sayyid Mubarak is a former Egyptian politician and military commander. He served as the fourth President of Egypt from 1981 to 2011....

      , President of Egypt
      President of Egypt
      The President of the Arab Republic of Egypt is the head of state of Egypt.Under the Constitution of Egypt, the president is also the supreme commander of the armed forces and head of the executive branch of the Egyptian government....

       (1981–2011)
    • Prime Minister - Atef Sedki
      Atef Sedki
      Atef Muhammad Naguib Sedki was the Prime Minister of Egypt from 1986 until 1996. He replaced Ali Mahmoud Lutfi on November 10, 1986.-Biography:...

      , Prime Minister of Egypt (1986–1996)
  •  Equatorial Guinea
    • President - Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
      Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
      Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo is an Equatoguinean politician who has been President of Equatorial Guinea since 1979. He ousted his uncle, Francisco Macías Nguema, in an August 1979 military coup and has overseen Equatorial Guinea's emergence as an important oil producer, beginning in the 1990s...

      , President of Equatorial Guinea
      Heads of state of Equatorial Guinea
      -Presidents of Equatorial Guinea :-Affiliations:-See also:*Equatorial Guinea**Heads of government of Equatorial Guinea...

       (1979–present)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Cristino Seriche Bioko
        Cristino Seriche Bioko
        Cristino Seriche Bioko was the prime minister of Equatorial Guinea from August 15, 1982 to March 4, 1992.-References:...

        , Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea
        Heads of government of Equatorial Guinea
        -Prime Ministers of Equatorial Guinea :-Affiliations:-See also:*Equatorial Guinea**Heads of state of Equatorial Guinea...

         (1982–1992)
      2. Silvestre Siale Bileka
        Silvestre Siale Bileka
        Silvestre Siale Bileka is an Equato-Guinean politician. Bileka served as Prime Minister from 4 March 1992 to 1 April 1996. He is a member of the Partido Democrático de Guinea Ecuatorial . Bileka also served as President of the Supreme Court, tendering his resignation to President Teodoro Obiang...

        , Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea
        Heads of government of Equatorial Guinea
        -Prime Ministers of Equatorial Guinea :-Affiliations:-See also:*Equatorial Guinea**Heads of state of Equatorial Guinea...

         (1992–1996) Ethiopia
        Ethiopia
        Ethiopia , officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is the second-most populous nation in Africa, with over 82 million inhabitants, and the tenth-largest by area, occupying 1,100,000 km2...

    • President - Meles Zenawi
      Meles Zenawi
      Meles Zenawi Asres is the Prime Minister of Ethiopia. Since 1985, he has been chairman of the Tigrayan Peoples' Liberation Front , and is currently head of the ruling Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front .Meles was born in Adwa, Tigray in Northern Ethiopia, to an Ethiopian father from...

      , Interim President of Ethiopia (1991–1995)
    • Prime Minister - Tamirat Layne
      Tamirat Layne
      Tamirat Layne is an Ethiopian politician. During the 1980s, he was a leader of the Ethiopian People's Democratic Movement , one of the groups who fought against Ethiopian dictator Mengistu Haile Mariam in the Ethiopian Civil War.When Mengistu was overthrown in 1991, Layne became one of the...

      , Prime Minister of Ethiopia
      Heads of government of Ethiopia
      This page contains a list of the Prime Ministers of Ethiopia.-Heads of Government of Ethiopia :-Affiliations:-See also:*List of Emperors of Ethiopia...

       (1991–1995)
    • Eritrea
      Eritrea
      Eritrea , officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa. Eritrea derives it's name from the Greek word Erethria, meaning 'red land'. The capital is Asmara. It is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast...

       (secessionist state)
      • Secretary-general of the Provisional Government - Isaias Afewerki
        Isaias Afewerki
        Isaias Afewerki is the first and current President of Eritrea, attaining that status when he led the Eritrean People's Liberation Front to victory in May 1991, thus ending the 30-year old armed liberation struggle that the Eritrean people refer to as "Gedli".-Early life and rise to power:Afewerki...

        , Secretary-general of the Provisional Government of Eritrea
        Heads of state of Eritrea
        This page contains a list of the heads of state of Eritrea.-Presidents of Eritrea :-Affiliations:-External links:*...

         (1991–present)
  •  Gabon
    • President - Omar Bongo
      Omar Bongo
      El Hadj Omar Bongo Ondimba , born as Albert-Bernard Bongo, was a Gabonese politician who was President of Gabon for 42 years from 1967 until his death in office in 2009....

      , President of Gabon
      Heads of state of Gabon
      -Presidents of Gabon :-Affiliations:-Sources:* http://www.rulers.org/rulg1.html#gabon...

       (1967–2009)
    • Prime Minister - Casimir Oyé-Mba
      Casimir Oyé-Mba
      Casimir Marie Ange Oyé-Mba is a Gabonese politician. After serving as Governor of the Bank of Central African States from 1978 to 1990, Oyé-Mba was Prime Minister of Gabon from 3 May 1990 to 2 November 1994...

      , Prime Minister of Gabon
      Heads of government of Gabon
      -Prime Ministers of Gabon :-Affiliations:- Sources :* http://www.rulers.org/rulg1.html#gabon...

       (1990–1994)
  •  The Gambia
    • President - Sir Dawda Jawara
      Dawda Jawara
      Sir Dawda Kairaba Jawara, GCMG was the first leader of The Gambia, serving first as Prime Minister from 1962 to 1970 and then as President from 1970 to 1994....

      , President of The Gambia
      Heads of state of the Gambia
      -Heads of State of The Gambia :-Affiliations:*PPP - People's Progressive Party*APRC - Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction*Mil - Military of the Gambia...

       (1970–1994)
  •  Ghana
    • Head of State - Jerry Rawlings
      Jerry Rawlings
      Jerry John Rawlings is a former leader of the Republic of Ghana and now the African Union envoy to Somalia. Rawlings ruled Ghana as a military dictator in 1979 and from 1981 to 1992 and then as the first elected president of the Fourth Republic from 1993 to 2001...

      , Chairman of the Provisional National Defence Council of Ghana
      President of Ghana
      The President of Ghana is the elected head of state and head of government of Ghana. Officially styled President of the Republic of Ghana and Commander-in-Chief of the Ghanaian Armed Forces. The current President of Ghana is Prof. John Atta Mills, who took office in January...

       (1981–2001)
  •  Guinea
    • President - Lansana Conté
      Lansana Conté
      Lansana Conté was the second President of Guinea from 3 April 1984 until his death. He was a Muslim and a member of the Susu ethnic group.-Early life:...

      , President of Guinea
      Heads of state of Guinea
      -List of Heads of State of Guinea:For Colonial Heads prior to independence, see: Colonial Heads of Guinea-Affiliations:-Latest election:-See also:*Guinea**Colonial Heads of Guinea...

       (1984–2008)
  •  Guinea-Bissau
    • Head of State - João Bernardo Vieira
      João Bernardo Vieira
      João Bernardo "Nino" Vieira was the President of Guinea-Bissau from 1980 to 1999 and again from 2005 to 2009. After seizing power in 1980, Vieira ruled for 19 years, and he won a multiparty presidential election in 1994. He was ousted at the end of the 1998–1999 civil war and went into exile...

      , Chairman of the Council of State of Guinea-Bissau
      Heads of state of Guinea-Bissau
      -Presidents of Guinea-Bissau :-Affiliations:-Latest election:-See also:*Guinea-Bissau**List of heads of government of Guinea-Bissau...

       (1984–1999)
    • Prime Minister - Carlos Correia
      Carlos Correia
      Carlos Correia is a Guinea-Bissau politician. He was Prime Minister from 27 December 1991 to 26 October 1994, from 6 June 1997 to 3 December 1998, and from 5 August 2008 to 25 December 2008....

      , Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau
      Heads of government of Guinea-Bissau
      -Prime Ministers of Guinea-Bissau :-Affiliations:-See also:*Guinea-Bissau**List of heads of state of Guinea-Bissau**List of colonial heads of Portuguese Guinea...

       (1991–1994)
  •  Kenya
    • President - Daniel arap Moi
      Daniel arap Moi
      Daniel Toroitich arap Moi was the President of Kenya from 1978 until 2002.Daniel arap Moi is popularly known to Kenyans as 'Nyayo', a Swahili word for 'footsteps'...

      , President of Kenya
      Heads of state of Kenya
      -Heads of State of Kenya :-Affiliations:*KANU - Kenya African National Union*PNU - Party of National Unity-Latest election:-See also:*List of colonial heads of Kenya*Kenya**Heads of Government of Kenya**Vice-Presidents of Kenya...

       (1978–2002)
  •  Lesotho
    • Monarch - Letsie III
      Letsie III of Lesotho
      Letsie III is the reigning king of Lesotho. He succeeded his father, Moshoeshoe II, when the latter was forced into exile in 1990. His father was briefly restored in 1995 but soon died in a car crash in early 1996, and Letsie became king again...

      , King of Lesotho (1990–1995)
    • Head of Government - Elias Phisoana Ramaema
      Elias Phisoana Ramaema
      Major-General Elias Phisoana Ramaema was Chairman of the Military Council and Council of Ministers of Lesotho from 2 May 1991 to 2 April 1993.-References:...

      , Chairman of the Military Council of Lesotho (1991–1993)
  •  Liberia
    • Head of State - Amos Sawyer
      Amos Sawyer
      Dr. Amos Claudius Sawyer was the President of the Interim Government of National Unity in Liberia . Sawyer was born to Abel Sawyer and Sarah Sawyer in 1945, of Sarpo ethnicity; his siblings include Joe Sawyer; the Sawyers were a prominent family in Sinoe County...

      , President of the Interim Government of National Unity of Liberia (1990–1994)
  •   Libya
  •  Madagascar
    • President - Didier Ratsiraka
      Didier Ratsiraka
      Vice Admiral Didier Ratsiraka is a Malagasy politician who was President of Madagascar from 1975 to 1993 and from 1997 to 2002.-Second Republic:...

      , President of Madagascar (1975–1993)
    • Prime Minister - Guy Razanamasy
      Guy Razanamasy
      Guy Willy Razanamasy was a former Malagasy politician.Born in Antananarivo, Razanamasy worked as a pharmacist and drug manufacturer before becoming the director of pharmacological society of " cofarma " and entering politics...

      , Prime Minister of Madagascar (1991–1993)
  •  Malawi
    • President - Hastings Banda
      Hastings Banda
      Hastings Kamuzu Banda was the leader of Malawi and its predecessor state, Nyasaland, from 1961 to 1994. After receiving much of his education overseas, Banda returned to his home country to speak against colonialism and advocate for independence...

      , President for Life of Malawi
      Heads of state of Malawi
      -Heads of State of Malawi :-Affiliations:*MCP - Malawi Congress Party*UDF - United Democratic Front*DPP - Democratic Progressive Party-See also:...

       (1966–1994)
  •  Mali
    • Head of State -
      1. Amadou Toumani Touré
        Amadou Toumani Touré
        Amadou Toumani Touré is the president of Mali. He overthrew a military ruler, Moussa Traoré in 1991, then handed power to civilian authorities the next year...

        , Chairman of the Transitional Committee for the Salvation of the People of Mali
        Heads of state of Mali
        -List of Heads of State of Mali:-Affiliations:-See also:*Heads of Government of Mali*Colonial Heads of Mali*Lists of incumbents*Elections in Mali ...

         (1991–1992)
      2. Alpha Oumar Konaré
        Alpha Oumar Konaré
        Alpha Oumar Konaré was the President of Mali for two five-year terms , and was Chairperson of the African Union Commission from 2003 to 2008.-Scholarly career:...

        , President of Mali
        Heads of state of Mali
        -List of Heads of State of Mali:-Affiliations:-See also:*Heads of Government of Mali*Colonial Heads of Mali*Lists of incumbents*Elections in Mali ...

         (1992–2002)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Soumana Sacko
        Soumana Sacko
        Dr. Soumana Sako is a Malian politician and economist. Sacko served as Prime Minister from 9 April 1991 to 9 June 1992 during the first and transitional presidency of Amadou Toumani Touré.-Other positions:...

        , Prime Minister of Mali
        Heads of government of Mali
        -List of Heads of Government of Mali:-Affiliations:-External links:*...

         (1991–1992)
      2. Younoussi Touré
        Younoussi Touré
        Younoussi Touré is a Malian politician. He was Prime Minister of Mali from 9 June 1992 to 12 April 1993 and was the first Prime Minister appointed under President Alpha Oumar Konaré...

        , Prime Minister of Mali
        Heads of government of Mali
        -List of Heads of Government of Mali:-Affiliations:-External links:*...

         (1992–1993)
  •  Mauritania
    • President - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
      Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
      Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya , was Prime Minister of Mauritania from 1981 to 1984 and president from 1984 to 2005. He guided Mauritania from military rule to democracy, and took a pro-Western stance in foreign affairs...

      , President of Mauritania
      Heads of state of Mauritania
      -List of Heads of State of Mauritania:-Affiliations:-See also:*Mauritania**Heads of government of Mauritania**Colonial heads of Mauritania*Lists of office-holders-External links:*...

       (1984–2005)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
        Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
        Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya , was Prime Minister of Mauritania from 1981 to 1984 and president from 1984 to 2005. He guided Mauritania from military rule to democracy, and took a pro-Western stance in foreign affairs...

        , Prime Minister of Mauritania
        Heads of government of Mauritania
        -List of Heads of Government of Mauritania:-Affiliations:-See also:*Mauritania**Heads of State of Mauritania**Colonial Heads of Mauritania*Lists of office-holders-External links:*...

         (1984–1992)
      2. Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar
        Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar
        Having served twice as Prime Minister, from April 1992 to January 1996, and from August 2005 to March 2007, Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar is a leading player in the political and economic changes which have taken place in Mauritania over the last twenty years...

        , Prime Minister of Mauritania
        Heads of government of Mauritania
        -List of Heads of Government of Mauritania:-Affiliations:-See also:*Mauritania**Heads of State of Mauritania**Colonial Heads of Mauritania*Lists of office-holders-External links:*...

         (1992–1996)
  •  Mauritius
    • Monarch - Elizabeth II
      Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
      Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...

      , Queen of Mauritius (1968–1992)
    • Governor-General - Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo
      Veerasamy Ringadoo
      Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo, GCMG, GCSK, QC, was the Governor General of Mauritius from 17 January 1986 to 12 March 1992, when it became a republic. Ringadoo then served as President until later in 1992, when he was replaced by the democratically elected Cassam Uteem. He is a Tamil by origin and a Hindu...

      , Governor-General of Mauritius (1986–1992)
    • President -
      1. Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo
        Veerasamy Ringadoo
        Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo, GCMG, GCSK, QC, was the Governor General of Mauritius from 17 January 1986 to 12 March 1992, when it became a republic. Ringadoo then served as President until later in 1992, when he was replaced by the democratically elected Cassam Uteem. He is a Tamil by origin and a Hindu...

        , Acting President of Mauritius (1992)
      2. Cassam Uteem
        Cassam Uteem
        Cassam Uteem is a Mauritian political figure who served as President of Mauritius from 30 June 1992 to 15 February 2002 and is the longest serving President of Mauritius, having served for nine years....

        , President of Mauritius (1992–2002)
    • Prime Minister - Sir Anerood Jugnauth
      Anerood Jugnauth
      Sir Anerood Jugnauth , KCMG, QC, GCSK, PC, LLB, GOLH, GOP, ORS is the President of Mauritius and all its dependencies...

      , Prime Minister of Mauritius (1982–1995) Mayotte
      Mayotte
      Mayotte is an overseas department and region of France consisting of a main island, Grande-Terre , a smaller island, Petite-Terre , and several islets around these two. The archipelago is located in the northern Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean, namely between northwestern Madagascar and...

       (Territorial collectivity of France)
    • Prefect - Jean-Paul Coste, Prefect of Mayotte (1990–1993)
    • President of the General Council - Younoussa Bamana
      Younoussa Bamana
      Younoussa Bamana was a politician from Mayotte who served in the French National Assembly from 1978-1981 .- references :*...

      , President of the General Council of Mayotte
      General Council of Mayotte
      Mayotte elects on territorial level a legislature. The General Council has 19 members, elected for a three year term in single seat constituencies.- Presidents of the General Council:* Younoussa Bamana : 6 July 1977 – March 1991...

       (1991–2004)
  •  Morocco
    • Monarch - Hassan II
      Hassan II of Morocco
      King Hassan II l-ḥasan aṯ-ṯānī, dial. el-ḥasan ettâni); July 9, 1929 – July 23, 1999) was King of Morocco from 1961 until his death in 1999...

      , King of Morocco (1961–1999)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Azzeddine Laraki
        Azzeddine Laraki
        Azzeddine Laraki was the Prime Minister of Morocco between September 30, 1986 and August 11, 1992. He was born in Fes and died in Rabat, Morocco. - References :...

        , Prime Minister of Morocco (1986–1992)
      2. Mohammed Karim Lamrani
        Mohammed Karim Lamrani
        Mohammed Karim Lamrani was the Prime Minister of Morocco three times; between August 6, 1971 and November 2, 1972, then between November 30, 1983 and September 30, 1986 and later on between August 11, 1992 and May 25, 1994. He was born in Fes....

        , Prime Minister of Morocco (1992–1994)
    •   Western Sahara
      Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
      The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is a partially recognised state that claims sovereignty over the entire territory of Western Sahara, a former Spanish colony. SADR was proclaimed by the Polisario Front on February 27, 1976, in Bir Lehlu, Western Sahara. The SADR government controls about...

       (self-declared, partially recognized state)
      • President - Mohamed Abdelaziz
        Mohamed Abdelaziz
        Mohamed Abdelaziz is the 3rd and current Secretary General of the Polisario Front and President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic since 1976...

        , President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
        President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
        The President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is the head of state of the self-proclaimed Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic , an exile government based in the refugee camps of Tindouf, Algeria. From the declaration of independence on February 27, 1976 to October 16, 1982 SADR's Head of State...

         (1976–present)
      • Prime Minister - Mahfoud Ali Beiba
        Mahfoud Ali Beiba
        Mahfoud Laroussi Ali Beiba was a Sahrawi nationalist politician and co-founder of the Polisario Front, an organisation that seeks independence for Western Sahara...

        , Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
        Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
        The Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is the head of government of the SADR, while the President is the head of state. The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic was proclaimed in the territory that made up the Spanish colony of Spanish Sahara on February 27, 1976...

         (1988–1993)
  •  Mozambique
    • President - Joaquim Chissano
      Joaquim Chissano
      Joaquim Alberto Chissano served as the second President of Mozambique for nineteen years from 6 November 1986 until 2 February 2005. Since stepping down as president, Chissano has become an elder statesman and is called upon by international bodies, such as the United Nations, to be an envoy or...

      , President of Mozambique
      Heads of state of Mozambique
      -Presidents of Mozambique :-Affiliations:FRELIMO = Frente de Libertação de Moçambique...

       (1986–2005)
    • Prime Minister - Mário da Graça Machungo
      Mário da Graça Machungo
      Mário Fernandes da Graça Machungo is a Mozambican politician. He was Planning Minister from at least 1984 to 1986, when he became Prime Minister of the country from 17 July 1986 to 16 December 1994.-References:...

      , Prime Minister of Mozambique
      Heads of government of Mozambique
      -Prime Ministers of Mozambique :-Affiliations:FRELIMO = Frente da Libertação de Moçambique RENAMO = Resistencia Nacional Moçambicana -See also:*Colonial Heads of Mozambique*Heads...

       (1986–1994)
  •  Namibia
    • President - Sam Nujoma
      Sam Nujoma
      Samuel Daniel Shafiishuna Nujoma is a Namibian politician who was the first President of Namibia from 1990 to 2005. He led the South-West Africa People's Organisation in its long struggle against South African rule and took office as President when Namibia obtained independence on 21 March 1990...

      , President of Namibia (1990–2005)
    • Prime Minister - Hage Geingob
      Hage Geingob
      Hage Geingob is a Namibian politician who was the first Prime Minister of Namibia following its independence, serving from 1990 to 2002...

      , Prime Minister of Namibia
      Prime Minister of Namibia
      -Prime Ministers of Namibia :-See also:*Namibia**Politics of Namibia**List of colonial heads of Namibia **List of Presidents of Namibia...

       (1990–2002)
  •  Niger
    • President - Ali Saïbou
      Ali Saibou
      Ali Saibou was the third President of Niger from 1987 to 1993 succeeding the deceased Seyni Kountché.A member of the Djerma people, he was born in Dingajibanda, a village in the Ouallam arrondissement. Although from Kountché's home village, Saibou is not a cousin...

      , President of Niger
      Heads of state of Niger
      -List of Heads of State of Niger:-Affiliations:-See also:*Niger*List of colonial heads of Niger*Heads of Government of Niger*Lists of Incumbents-References:*...

       (1987–1993)
    • Prime Minister - Amadou Cheiffou
      Amadou Cheiffou
      Amadou Cheiffou is a Nigerien politician. He was the transitional Prime Minister of Niger from 26 October 1991 to 17 April 1993...

      , Prime Minister of Niger
      Heads of government of Niger
      -List of Heads of Government of Niger:-Affiliations:-See also:*Niger*List of colonial heads of Niger*Heads of State of Niger*Lists of Incumbents-References:*...

       (1991–1993)
  •  Nigeria
    • Head of State - Ibrahim Babangida
      Ibrahim Babangida
      General Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida CFR DSS mni , popularly known as IBB, was a Nigerian Army officer and military ruler of Nigeria...

      , President of the Armed Forces Ruling Council of Nigeria
      President of Nigeria
      The President of Nigeria is the Head of State and head of the national executive. Officially styled President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and Commander-in-Chief of the Nigerian Armed Forces. The current President of Nigeria is Goodluck Jonathan.-History:On October 1, 1960, Nigeria gained...

       (1985–1993) Rwanda
      Rwanda
      Rwanda or , officially the Republic of Rwanda , is a country in central and eastern Africa with a population of approximately 11.4 million . Rwanda is located a few degrees south of the Equator, and is bordered by Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo...

    • President - Juvénal Habyarimana
      Juvénal Habyarimana
      Juvénal Habyarimana was the third President of the Republic of Rwanda, the post he held longer than any other president to date, from 1973 until 1994. During his 20-year rule he favored his own ethnic group, the Hutus, and supported the Hutu majority in neighboring Burundi against the Tutsi...

      , President of Rwanda (1973–1994)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Sylvestre Nsanzimana
        Sylvestre Nsanzimana
        Sylvestre Nsanzimana served as Prime Minister of Rwanda from 12 October 1991 to 2 April 1992.He also served as Rwanda's Foreign Minister from 1969 to 1971.-References:...

        , Prime Minister of Rwanda
        Prime Minister of Rwanda
        -List of Prime Ministers of Rwanda:-Affiliations:*Parmehutu - Party of the Hutu Emancipation Movement*MRND - National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development...

         (1991–1992)
      2. Dismas Nsengiyaremye
        Dismas Nsengiyaremye
        Dismas Nsengiyaremye served as Prime Minister of Rwanda from 2 April 1992 to 18 July 1993.He was a member of the Democratic Republican Movement. During his term, he appointed Agathe Uwilingiyimana to the Ministry of Education, though she later succeeded him as PM.-References:...

        , Prime Minister of Rwanda
        Prime Minister of Rwanda
        -List of Prime Ministers of Rwanda:-Affiliations:*Parmehutu - Party of the Hutu Emancipation Movement*MRND - National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development...

         (1992–1993) Saint Helena and Dependencies
        Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
        Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha is a British overseas territory and overseas territory of the European Union consisting of the islands of Saint Helena, Ascension Island and the Tristan da Cunha group...

         (British overseas territory)
    • Governor - Alan Hoole, Governor of Saint Helena
      Governor of Saint Helena
      The Governor of Saint Helena is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha...

       (1991–1995)
  •  São Tomé and Príncipe
    • President - Miguel Trovoada
      Miguel Trovoada
      Miguel dos Anjos da Cunha Lisboa Trovoada was Prime Minister and President of São Tomé and Príncipe. Currently he is the Executive Secretary of the Gulf of Guinea Commission.-Background:...

      , President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1991–1995)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Daniel Daio, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe
        Heads of government of São Tomé and Príncipe
        -Prime Ministers of São Tomé and Príncipe :-Affiliations:-See also:*São Tomé and Príncipe**Heads of State of São Tomé and Príncipe...

         (1991–1992)
      2. Norberto Costa Alegre, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe
        Heads of government of São Tomé and Príncipe
        -Prime Ministers of São Tomé and Príncipe :-Affiliations:-See also:*São Tomé and Príncipe**Heads of State of São Tomé and Príncipe...

         (1992–1994)
  •  Senegal
    • President - Abdou Diouf
      Abdou Diouf
      Abdou Diouf was the second President of Senegal, serving from 1981 to 2000. Diouf is notable both for coming to power by peaceful succession, and leaving willingly after losing the 2000 presidential election to Abdoulaye Wade...

      , President of Senegal (1981–2000)
    • Prime Minister - Habib Thiam
      Habib Thiam
      Habib Thiam is a Senegalese politician. He served as Prime Minister of the country on two occasions, from 1 January 1981 to 3 April 1983, and again from 8 April 1991 until 3 July 1998....

      , Prime Minister of Senegal
      Prime Minister of Senegal
      The Prime Minister of Senegal is the head of government of Senegal. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Senegal, who is directly elected for a five year term. The Prime Minister, in turn, appoints the Senegalese cabinet, after consultation with the President.This is a list of the...

       (1991–1998) Seychelles
      Seychelles
      Seychelles , officially the Republic of Seychelles , is an island country spanning an archipelago of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean, some east of mainland Africa, northeast of the island of Madagascar....

    • President - France-Albert René
      France-Albert René
      France-Albert René was the long-time socialist President of Seychelles from 1977 to 2004. He is known by government officials and party members as "the Boss". His name is often given as simply Albert René or F.A...

      , President of Seychelles (1977–2004)
  •  Sierra Leone
    • Head of State -
      1. Joseph Saidu Momoh
        Joseph Saidu Momoh
        Major General Joseph Saidu Momoh was the President of Sierra Leone from November, 1985 to April 29, 1992.- Biography :...

        , President of Sierra Leone
        Heads of government of Sierra Leone
        The following is a list of heads of government of Sierra Leone from 1954 until 1978, when a single party constitution was adopted, and President of Sierra Leone became head of government as well.-Heads of Government of Sierra Leone:-See also:...

         (1985–1992)
      2. Yahya Kanu
        Yahya Kanu
        Colonel Yahya Kanu Kanu was a loyalist to president Joseph Saidu Momoh, and his position in the coup is unclear. He was first reported by Reuters to have led the coup, but that same day he went onto the BBC's Focus on Africa to deny that role, claiming instead that he was attempting to negotiate...

        , Chairman of the National Provisional Defence Council of Sierra Leone
        Heads of government of Sierra Leone
        The following is a list of heads of government of Sierra Leone from 1954 until 1978, when a single party constitution was adopted, and President of Sierra Leone became head of government as well.-Heads of Government of Sierra Leone:-See also:...

         (1992).
      3. Valentine Strasser
        Valentine Strasser
        Valentine Esegragbo Melvine Strasser served as head of state of Sierra Leone from 1992 to 1996. He had been a junior military officer but in 1992, he became the world's youngest Head of State when he seized power three days after his 25th birthday...

        , Chairman of the Supreme Council of State of Sierra Leone
        Heads of government of Sierra Leone
        The following is a list of heads of government of Sierra Leone from 1954 until 1978, when a single party constitution was adopted, and President of Sierra Leone became head of government as well.-Heads of Government of Sierra Leone:-See also:...

         (1992–1996)
  •  Somalia
    • President - vacant (1991–1995)
    • Prime Minister - Umar Arteh Ghalib
      Umar Arteh Ghalib
      Umar Arteh Ghalib or Omer Carte Qalib is a prominent Somali politician and a former Prime Minister of Somalia from January 24, 1991 to May 1993.-Biography:...

      , Prime Minister of Somalia
      Prime Minister of Somalia
      This page contains a list of the Prime Ministers of Somalia.-Prime Ministers of Somalia :-Affiliations:*SYL - Somali Youth League*SNL - Somali National League...

       (1991–1997)
    •   Somaliland
      Somaliland
      Somaliland is an unrecognised self-declared sovereign state that is internationally recognised as an autonomous region of Somalia. The government of Somaliland regards itself as the successor state to the British Somaliland protectorate, which was independent for a few days in 1960 as the State of...

       (unrecognized secessionist state)
      • President - Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur
        Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur
        For the Somali politician executed for apostasy in 2009, see Abdirahman AhmedAbdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur was a Somali politician...

        , President of Somaliland (1991–1993) South Africa
        South Africa
        The Republic of South Africa is a country in southern Africa. Located at the southern tip of Africa, it is divided into nine provinces, with of coastline on the Atlantic and Indian oceans...

    • President - F. W. de Klerk, State President of South Africa
      State President of South Africa
      State President, or Staatspresident in Afrikaans, was the title of South Africa's head of state from 1961 to 1994. The office was established when the country became a republic in 1961, and Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be head of state...

       (1989–1994)
  •  Sudan
  •  Swaziland
    • Monarch - Mswati III
      Mswati III of Swaziland
      Mswati III is the King of Swaziland and head of the Swazi Royal Family. In 1986, he succeeded his father Sobhuza II as ruler of the southern African kingdom...

      , King of Swaziland (1986–present)
    • Prime Minister - Obed Dlamini
      Obed Dlamini
      Obed Mfanyana Dlamini was Prime Minister of Swaziland from 12 July 1989 to 25 October 1993. He is currently a member of Liqoqo , and is one of the two members in the council to have an affiliation to a political party. He is a member of the Ngwane National Liberatory Congress...

      , Prime Minister of Swaziland
      Heads of government of Swaziland
      -Heads of Government:-See also:*List of kings of Swaziland*lists of incumbents...

       (1989–1993)
  •  Tanzania
    • President - Ali Hassan Mwinyi
      Ali Hassan Mwinyi
      Ali Hassan Mwinyi is a Tanzanian politician. He was the second President of the United Republic of Tanzania from 1985 to 1995. Previous posts include Interior Minister and Vice President...

      , President of Tanzania (1985–1995)
    • Prime Minister - John Malecela
      John Malecela
      John Samuel Malecela in Bugiri Dodoma, was Prime Minister of Tanzania from 1990-11-09–1994-12-07. He served as the vice-chairman of the CCM from 1995 to 2007, and a member of the CCM Central Committee to date....

      , Prime Minister of Tanzania (1990–1994)
  •  Togo
    • President - Gnassingbé Eyadéma
      Gnassingbé Eyadéma
      General Gnassingbé Eyadéma , was the President of Togo from 1967 until his death in 2005. He participated in two successful military coups, in January 1963 and January 1967, and became President on April 14, 1967...

      , President of Togo (1967–2005)
    • Prime Minister - Joseph Kokou Koffigoh
      Joseph Kokou Koffigoh
      Joseph Kokou Koffigoh is a Togolese politician who served as Prime Minister of Togo from 27 August 1991 to 25 April 1994. Elected as Prime Minister by the opposition-dominated National Conference in 1991, Koffigoh was given full executive powers and tasked with overseeing a transition to...

      , Prime Minister of Togo
      Heads of government of Togo
      -Prime Ministers of Togo :-Affiliations:*CAR *CFN *CPP...

       (1991–1994) Tunisia
      Tunisia
      Tunisia , officially the Tunisian RepublicThe long name of Tunisia in other languages used in the country is: , is the northernmost country in Africa. It is a Maghreb country and is bordered by Algeria to the west, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Its area...

    • President - Zine El Abidine Ben Ali
      Zine El Abidine Ben Ali
      Zine El Abidine Ben Ali is a Tunisian political figure who was the second President of Tunisia from 1987 to 2011. Ben Ali was appointed Prime Minister in October 1987, and he assumed the Presidency on 7 November 1987 in a bloodless coup d'état that ousted President Habib Bourguiba, who was...

      , President of Tunisia (1987–2011)
    • Prime Minister - Hamed Karoui
      Hamed Karoui
      Hamed Karoui was Prime Minister of Tunisia from 27 September 1989 to 17 November 1999. From 1986 to 1987 he was Minister of Youth and Sports and from 1988 to 1989 he was Minister of Justice. He was a member of the Constitutional Democratic Rally party.-References:...

      , Prime Minister of Tunisia
      Prime Minister of Tunisia
      The Prime Minister of the Tunisian Republic is the head of government of Tunisia. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Tunisia...

       (1989–1999)
  •  Uganda
    • President - Yoweri Museveni
      Yoweri Museveni
      Yoweri Kaguta Museveni is a Ugandan politician and statesman. He has been President of Uganda since 26 January 1986.Museveni was involved in the war that deposed Idi Amin Dada, ending his rule in 1979, and in the rebellion that subsequently led to the demise of the Milton Obote regime in 1985...

      , President of Uganda
      President of Uganda
      -List of Presidents of Uganda:-Affiliations:-See also:*Uganda*Vice President of Uganda*Prime Minister of Uganda*Politics of Uganda*History of Uganda*Political parties of Uganda...

       (1986–present)
    • Prime Minister - George Cosmas Adyebo
      George Cosmas Adyebo
      George Cosmas Adyebo was a Ugandan politician and economist. He became prime minister of Uganda on January 22, 1991 when prime minister Samson Kisekka became vice-president. Adyebo served as prime minister for nearly 4 years, until November 18, 1994. Six years later he died at the International...

      , Prime Minister of Uganda
      Prime Minister of Uganda
      -List of Prime Ministers of Uganda:-Affiliations:-See also:*Uganda*President of Uganda*Vice President of Uganda*Politics of Uganda*History of Uganda*Political parties of Uganda...

       (1991–1994)
  •  Zaire
    • President - Mobutu Sese Seko
      Mobutu Sese Seko
      Mobutu Sese Seko Nkuku Ngbendu wa Za Banga , commonly known as Mobutu or Mobutu Sese Seko , born Joseph-Désiré Mobutu, was the President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 1965 to 1997...

      , President of Zaire
      Heads of state of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
      This is the list of the Heads of State of the Democratic Republic of the Congo since independence in 1960. The current head of state is President Joseph Kabila, since 26 January 2001.-Heads of State:-Affiliations:...

       (1965–1997)
    • Head of Government -
      1. Jean Nguza Karl-i-Bond
        Jean Nguza Karl-i-Bond
        Jean Nguza Karl-i-Bond was a prominent Zairian politician.Born in Musumba, Lualaba District, a member of the Lunda tribe and a nephew of the Katangan leader, Moise Tshombe, Nguza was a pock-marked child who rose rapidly through government posts and gained the favour of President Mobutu Sese...

        , First State Commissioner of Zaire (1991–1992)
      2. Étienne Tshisekedi
        Étienne Tshisekedi
        Étienne Tshisekedi wa Mulumba is a lawyer, politician, and leader of the Union for Democracy and Social Progress which is a political party in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. He was Prime Minister of the country on three brief occasions: in 1991, 1992–1993, and 1997...

        , First State Commissioner of Zaire (1992–1993) Zambia
        Zambia
        Zambia , officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. The neighbouring countries are the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Tanzania to the north-east, Malawi to the east, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana and Namibia to the south, and Angola to the west....

    • President - Frederick Chiluba
      Frederick Chiluba
      Frederick Jacob Titus Chiluba was a Zambian politician who was the second President of Zambia from 1991 to 2002. Chiluba, a trade union leader, won the country's multi-party presidential election in 1991 as the candidate of the Movement for Multiparty Democracy , defeating long-time President...

      , President of Zambia (1991–2002)
  •  Zimbabwe
    • President - Robert Mugabe
      Robert Mugabe
      Robert Gabriel Mugabe is the President of Zimbabwe. As one of the leaders of the liberation movement against white-minority rule, he was elected into power in 1980...

      , President of Zimbabwe (1987–present)

Asia

  Afghanistan
Islamic State of Afghanistan
The Islamic State of Afghanistan was the name of the state of Afghanistan after the collapse of the communist regime, the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, in 1992. In 1996, the country was renamed the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan by the Taliban, after seizing control of the majority of the...

    • Republic of Afghanistan
      Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
      The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan was a government of Afghanistan between 1978 and 1992. It was both ideologically close to and economically dependent on the Soviet Union, and was a major belligerent of the Afghan Civil War.- Saur Revolution :...

       changed into the Islamic State of Afghanistan
      Islamic State of Afghanistan
      The Islamic State of Afghanistan was the name of the state of Afghanistan after the collapse of the communist regime, the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, in 1992. In 1996, the country was renamed the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan by the Taliban, after seizing control of the majority of the...

       on 28 April 1992
    • President -
      1. Mohammad Najibullah
        Mohammad Najibullah
        Mohammad Najibullah Ahmadzai , originally merely Najibullah, was the fourth and last President of the Soviet-backed Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. He is also considered the second President of the Republic of Afghanistan.-Early years:Najibullah was born in August 1947 to the Ahmadzai...

        , President of Afghanistan
        President of Afghanistan
        Afghanistan has only been a republic between 1973 and 1992 and from 2001 onwards. Before 1973, it was a monarchy that was governed by a variety of kings, emirs or shahs...

         (1987–1992)
      2. Abdul Rahim Hatef
        Abdul Rahim Hatef
        Abdul Rahim Hatef is an Afghan politician. He served as Vice President during the last years of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan....

        , Acting President of Afghanistan
        President of Afghanistan
        Afghanistan has only been a republic between 1973 and 1992 and from 2001 onwards. Before 1973, it was a monarchy that was governed by a variety of kings, emirs or shahs...

         (1992)
      3. Sibghatullah Mojaddedi
        Sibghatullah Mojaddedi
        Sibghatullah Mojaddedi , served as the first President of the Islamic State of Afghanistan after the fall of the communist regime in 1992. He is also the leader of the Afghan National Liberation Front...

        , Acting President of Afghanistan
        President of Afghanistan
        Afghanistan has only been a republic between 1973 and 1992 and from 2001 onwards. Before 1973, it was a monarchy that was governed by a variety of kings, emirs or shahs...

         (1992)
      4. Burhanuddin Rabbani
        Burhanuddin Rabbani
        Professor Burhanuddin Rabbani was President of the Islamic State of Afghanistan from 1992 to 1996. After the Taliban government was toppled during Operation Enduring Freedom, Rabbani returned to Kabul and served as a temporary President from November to December 20, 2001, when Hamid Karzai was...

        , President of Afghanistan
        President of Afghanistan
        Afghanistan has only been a republic between 1973 and 1992 and from 2001 onwards. Before 1973, it was a monarchy that was governed by a variety of kings, emirs or shahs...

         (1992–2001)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Fazal Haq Khaliqyar
        Fazal Haq Khaliqyar
        Fazal Haq Khaliqyar , was an Afghan politician, that was briefly Prime Minister of the Republic of Afghanistan.He performed duties as Minister of Finance during Mohammad Daud Khan's rule. He was appointed as Prime Minister during the period of President Mohammad Najibullah government...

        , Prime Minister of Afghanistan
        Prime Minister of Afghanistan
        The Prime Minister of Afghanistan is a currently defunct post in the Afghan Government.The position was created in 1927, and was appointed by the king, mostly as an advisor, until the end of the monarchy in 1973...

         (1990–1992)
      2. Abdul Sabur Farid Kohistani, Prime Minister of Afghanistan
        Prime Minister of Afghanistan
        The Prime Minister of Afghanistan is a currently defunct post in the Afghan Government.The position was created in 1927, and was appointed by the king, mostly as an advisor, until the end of the monarchy in 1973...

         (1992) Bahrain
        Bahrain
        ' , officially the Kingdom of Bahrain , is a small island state near the western shores of the Persian Gulf. It is ruled by the Al Khalifa royal family. The population in 2010 stood at 1,214,705, including 235,108 non-nationals. Formerly an emirate, Bahrain was declared a kingdom in 2002.Bahrain is...

    • Monarch - Sheikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Emir of Bahrain
      King of Bahrain
      The King of Bahrain ‎ is the monarch and head of state of Bahrain. Between 1783 and 1971, the Bahraini monarch held the title of Hakim, and, from 1971 until 2002, the title of Emir...

       (1961–1999)
    • Prime Minister - Sheikh Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa, Prime Minister of Bahrain
      Prime Minister of Bahrain
      In Bahrain, the Prime Minister is the head of government of the country. According to the Constitution of Bahrain, the Prime Minister is appointed directly by the King, and needs not be an elected member of the Council of Representatives....

       (1970–present)
  •  Bangladesh
    • President - Abdur Rahman Biswas
      Abdur Rahman Biswas
      Abdur Rahman Biswas was the President of Bangladesh between 1991 and 1996.-Early life:...

      , President of Bangladesh (1991–1996)
    • Prime Minister - Khaleda Zia
      Khaleda Zia
      Begum Khaleda Zia is the former First Lady of Bangladesh , and then Prime Minister of Bangladesh, having served from 1991 to 1996, becoming the first woman in the country's history and second in the Muslim world to head a democratic government as prime minister. She served again from 2001 until...

      , Prime Minister of Bangladesh
      Prime Minister of Bangladesh
      The Prime Minister of the People's Republic of Bangladesh is the Head of the Government of Bangladesh. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Jatiya Sangsad Parliament, to their political party and ultimately to the electorate...

       (1991–1996)
  •  Bhutan
    • Monarch - Jigme Singye Wangchuck
      Jigme Singye Wangchuck
      Jigme Singye Wangchuck is the former King of Bhutan. He was the fourth Dragon King of Bhutan from 1972 until his abdication in favour of his eldest son, Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, in 2006...

      , King of Bhutan (1972–2006)
  •  Brunei
    • Monarch - Hassanal Bolkiah
      Hassanal Bolkiah
      General Haji Sir Hassan al-Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah GCB GCMG is the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam, the 29th Sultan of Brunei and the first Prime Minister of Brunei Darussalam...

      , Sultan of Brunei (1967–present)
    • Prime Minister - Hassanal Bolkiah
      Hassanal Bolkiah
      General Haji Sir Hassan al-Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah GCB GCMG is the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam, the 29th Sultan of Brunei and the first Prime Minister of Brunei Darussalam...

      , Prime Minister of Brunei
      Prime Minister of Brunei
      The Prime Minister of Brunei is a title held by the Sultan of Brunei. As the prime minister, the Sultan presides over the cabinet.As of 2011, the post is held by Hassanal Bolkiah....

       (1984–present)   Cambodia
    • Chairman of the Council of State -
      1. Heng Samrin
        Heng Samrin
        Heng Samrin is a Cambodian politician. He was the chairman of the People's Republic of Kampuchea and the State of Cambodia , and later vice chairman and chairman of the National Assembly of Cambodia since 2006....

        , Chairman of the Council of State of Cambodia (1989–1992)
      2. Chea Sim
        Chea Sim
        Chea Sim is a Chinese Cambodian politician. He was the President of the National Assembly from 1981–98 and is currently the President of the Senate .-Biography:...

        , Chairman of the Council of State of Cambodia (1992–1993)
    • Chairman of the Supreme National Council - Norodom Sihanouk
      Norodom Sihanouk
      Norodom Sihanouk regular script was the King of Cambodia from 1941 to 1955 and again from 1993 until his semi-retirement and voluntary abdication on 7 October 2004 in favor of his son, the current King Norodom Sihamoni...

      , Chairman of the Supreme National Council of Cambodia (1991–1993)
    • Premier - Hun Sen
      Hun Sen
      Hun Sen is the current Prime Minister of Cambodia.He has been the sole leader of the Cambodian People's Party , which has governed Cambodia since the Vietnamese-backed overthrow of the Khmer Rouge in 1979...

      , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Cambodia
      Prime Minister of Cambodia
      The Prime Minister of Cambodia , is the head of government of the Kingdom of Cambodia. Prime Minister is appointed by the King under Article 119 of the Constitution and is responsible for leading the government of the Kingdom.-Constitutional powers:The powers of the Prime Minister are established...

       (1985–present) China (People's Republic of China)
      People's Republic of China
      China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...

    • Communist Party Leader- Jiang Zemin
      Jiang Zemin
      Jiang Zemin is a former Chinese politician, who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of China from 1989 to 2002, as President of the People's Republic of China from 1993 to 2003, and as Chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2005...

      , General Secretary of the Communist Party of China
      General Secretary of the Communist Party of China
      The General Secretary of the Communist Party of China , officially General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, is the highest ranking official within the Communist Party of China, a standing member of the Politburo and head of the Secretariat...

       (1989–2002)
    • President - Yang Shangkun
      Yang Shangkun
      Yang Shangkun was President of the People's Republic of China from 1988 to 1993, and was permanent Vice-chair of the Central Military Commission...

      , President of the People's Republic of China
      President of the People's Republic of China
      The President of the People's Republic of China is a ceremonial office and a part of State organs under the National People's Congress and it is the head of state of the People's Republic of China . The office was created by the 1982 Constitution...

       (1988–1993)
    • Premier - Li Peng
      Li Peng
      Li Peng served as the fourth Premier of the People's Republic of China, between 1987 and 1998, and the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, China's top legislative body, from 1998 to 2003. For much of the 1990s Li was ranked second in the Communist Party of China ...

      , Premier of the People's Republic of China
      Premier of the People's Republic of China
      The Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China , sometimes also referred to as the "Prime Minister" informally, is the Leader of the State Council of the People's Republic of China , who is the head of government and holds the highest-ranking of the Civil service of the...

       (1987–1998) Hong Kong
      Hong Kong
      Hong Kong is one of two Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China , the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour...

       (British dependent territory)
    • Governor -
      1. Sir David Wilson
        David Wilson, Baron Wilson of Tillyorn
        David Clive Wilson, Baron Wilson of Tillyorn, is a retired British administrator, diplomat and Sinologist. Lord Wilson of Tillyorn was the penultimate Commander-in-Chief and 27th Governor of Hong Kong...

        , Governor of Hong Kong
        Governor of Hong Kong
        The Governor of Hong Kong was the head of the government of Hong Kong during British rule from 1843 to 1997. The governor's roles were defined in the Hong Kong Letters Patent and Royal Instructions...

         (1987–1992)
      2. Sir David Robert Ford
        David Robert Ford
        Sir David Robert Ford KBE, LVO , was the fifth and the last non-Chinese Chief Secretary of Hong Kong. He initiated the planning for Hong Kong's new international airport at Chek Lap Kok in 1989....

        , Acting Governor of Hong Kong
        Governor of Hong Kong
        The Governor of Hong Kong was the head of the government of Hong Kong during British rule from 1843 to 1997. The governor's roles were defined in the Hong Kong Letters Patent and Royal Instructions...

         (1992)
      3. Chris Patten
        Chris Patten
        Christopher Francis Patten, Baron Patten of Barnes, CH, PC , is the last Governor of British Hong Kong, a former British Conservative politician, and the current chairman of the BBC Trust....

        , Governor of Hong Kong
        Governor of Hong Kong
        The Governor of Hong Kong was the head of the government of Hong Kong during British rule from 1843 to 1997. The governor's roles were defined in the Hong Kong Letters Patent and Royal Instructions...

         (1992–1997)
  •  India
    • President -
      1. R. Venkataraman
        R. Venkataraman
        Ramaswamy Venkataraman was an Indian lawyer, Indian independence activist and politician who served as a Union minister and as the eighth President of India....

        , President of India
        President of India
        The President of India is the head of state and first citizen of India, as well as the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces. President of India is also the formal head of all the three branches of Indian Democracy - Legislature, Executive and Judiciary...

         (1987–1992)
      2. Shankar Dayal Sharma
        Shankar Dayal Sharma
        Shankar Dayal Sharma was the ninth President of India serving from 1992 to 1997. Prior to his presidency, Dr Sharma had been the eighth Vice President of India, serving under President Ramaswamy Venkataraman...

        , President of India
        President of India
        The President of India is the head of state and first citizen of India, as well as the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces. President of India is also the formal head of all the three branches of Indian Democracy - Legislature, Executive and Judiciary...

         (1992–1997)
    • Prime Minister - P. V. Narasimha Rao
      P. V. Narasimha Rao
      Pamulaparti Venkata "Narasimha Rao" was the ninth Prime Minister of India . He led an important administration, overseeing a major economic transformation and several home incidents affecting national security of India. Rao accelerated the dismantling of the Licence Raj. He is often referred to as...

      , Prime Minister of India
      Prime Minister of India
      The Prime Minister of India , as addressed to in the Constitution of India — Prime Minister for the Union, is the chief of government, head of the Council of Ministers and the leader of the majority party in parliament...

       (1991–1996)
  •  Indonesia
  •  Iran
    • Supreme Leader - Ali Khamenei
      Ali Khamenei
      Ayatollah Seyed Ali Hoseyni Khāmene’i is the Supreme Leader of Iran and the figurative head of the Muslim conservative establishment in Iran and Twelver Shi'a marja...

      , Supreme Leader of Iran
      Supreme Leader of Iran
      The Supreme Leader of Iran is the highest ranking political and religious authority in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The post was established by the constitution in accordance with the concept of Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists...

       (1989–present)
    • President - Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
      Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
      Ayatollah Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani is an influential Iranian politician and writer, who was the fourth President of Iran. He was a member of the Assembly of Experts until his resignation in 2011...

      , President of Iran
      President of Iran
      The President of Iran is the highest popularly elected official in, and the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Iran; although subordinate to the Supreme Leader of Iran, who functions as the country's head of state...

       (1989–1997) Iraq
      Ba'athist Iraq
      The History of Iraq , referred to as Ba'athist Iraq, covers the period of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party's rule over Iraq. Ba'athist rule in Iraq first occurred briefly in 1963 under Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr until overthrown that same year. Ba'athism was restored to power five years later after...

    • President - Saddam Hussein
      Saddam Hussein
      Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti was the fifth President of Iraq, serving in this capacity from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003...

      , President of Iraq
      President of Iraq
      The President of Iraq is the head of state of Iraq and "safeguards the commitment to the Constitution and the preservation of Iraq's independence, sovereignty, unity, the security of its territories in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution." The President is elected by the Council of...

       (1979–2003)
    • Prime Minister - Mohammed Amza Zubeidi
      Mohammed Amza Zubeidi
      Mohammed Amza az-Zubeidi was the Prime Minister of Iraq from 1991 to 1993. He is on the "Saddam's Dirty Dozen" list of people responsible for torture and murder in Iraq, playing a key role in Iraq's brutal suppression of the Shiite Muslim uprising of 1991...

      , Prime Minister of Iraq
      Prime Minister of Iraq
      The Prime Minister of Iraq is Iraq's head of government. Prime Minister was originally an appointed office, subsidiary to the head of state, and the nominal leader of the Iraqi parliament. Under the newly adopted constitution the Prime Minister is to be the country's active executive authority...

      , (1991–1993)
  •  Israel
    • President - Chaim Herzog
      Chaim Herzog
      Chaim Herzog served as the sixth President of Israel , following a distinguished career in both the British Army and the Israel Defense Forces .-Early life:...

      , President of Israel
      President of Israel
      The President of the State of Israel is the head of state of Israel. The position is largely an apolitical ceremonial figurehead role, with the real executive power lying in the hands of the Prime Minister. The current president is Shimon Peres who took office on 15 July 2007...

       (1983–1993)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Yitzhak Shamir
        Yitzhak Shamir
        ' is a former Israeli politician, the seventh Prime Minister of Israel, in 1983–84 and 1986–92.-Biography:Icchak Jeziernicky was born in Ruzhany , Russian Empire . He studied at a Hebrew High School in Białystok, Poland. As a youth he joined Betar, the Revisionist Zionist youth movement...

        , Prime Minister of Israel
        Prime Minister of Israel
        The Prime Minister of Israel is the head of the Israeli government and the most powerful political figure in Israel . The prime minister is the country's chief executive. The official residence of the prime minister, Beit Rosh Hamemshala is in Jerusalem...

         (1986–1992)
      2. Yitzhak Rabin
        Yitzhak Rabin
        ' was an Israeli politician, statesman and general. He was the fifth Prime Minister of Israel, serving two terms in office, 1974–77 and 1992 until his assassination in 1995....

        , Prime Minister of Israel
        Prime Minister of Israel
        The Prime Minister of Israel is the head of the Israeli government and the most powerful political figure in Israel . The prime minister is the country's chief executive. The official residence of the prime minister, Beit Rosh Hamemshala is in Jerusalem...

         (1992–1995) Japan
        Japan
        Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...

    • Monarch - Akihito
      Akihito
      is the current , the 125th emperor of his line according to Japan's traditional order of succession. He acceded to the throne in 1989.-Name:In Japan, the emperor is never referred to by his given name, but rather is referred to as "His Imperial Majesty the Emperor" which may be shortened to . In...

      , Emperor of Japan (1989–present)
    • Prime Minister - Kiichi Miyazawa
      Kiichi Miyazawa
      was a Japanese politician and the 78th Prime Minister from November 5, 1991 to August 9, 1993.-Early life and career:Miyazawa was born in Fukuyama, Hiroshima Prefecture, and graduated from Tokyo Imperial University with a degree in law. In 1942 he joined the Ministry of Finance...

      , Prime Minister of Japan (1991–1993)
  •  Jordan
    • Monarch - Hussein
      Hussein of Jordan
      Hussein bin Talal was the third King of Jordan from the abdication of his father, King Talal, in 1952, until his death. Hussein's rule extended through the Cold War and four decades of Arab-Israeli conflict...

      , King of Jordan (1952–1999)
    • Prime Minister - Zaid ibn Shaker
      Zaid ibn Shaker
      Field Marshal Prince Zeid Ibn Shaker, GBE, CVO served as commander in chief of the Jordanian Military for more than twelve years and Prime Minister of Jordan three times....

      , Prime Minister of Jordan (1991–1993)  Kazakhstan
    • President - Nursultan Nazarbayev
      Nursultan Nazarbayev
      Nursultan Abishuly Nazarbayev has served as the President of Kazakhstan since the nation received its independence in 1991, after the fall of the Soviet Union...

      , President of Kazakhstan (1990–present)
    • Prime Minister - Sergey Tereshchenko, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan
      Prime Minister of Kazakhstan
      -Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars:*Viktor Radus-Zenkovich *Mukhamedkhafiy Murzagaliyev *Saken Seyfullin *Nygmet Nurmakov...

       (1991–1994) North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)
      North Korea
      The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea , , is a country in East Asia, occupying the northern half of the Korean Peninsula. Its capital and largest city is Pyongyang. The Korean Demilitarized Zone serves as the buffer zone between North Korea and South Korea...

    • Communist Party leader - Kim Il-sung
      Kim Il-sung
      Kim Il-sung was a Korean communist politician who led the Democratic People's Republic of Korea from its founding in 1948 until his death in 1994. He held the posts of Prime Minister from 1948 to 1972 and President from 1972 to his death...

      , General Secretary of the Korean Workers' Party
      Workers' Party of Korea
      The Workers' Party of Korea is the ruling Communist party of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea , commonly known as North Korea. It is also called the Korean Workers' Party...

       (1948–1994)
    • President - Kim Il-sung
      Kim Il-sung
      Kim Il-sung was a Korean communist politician who led the Democratic People's Republic of Korea from its founding in 1948 until his death in 1994. He held the posts of Prime Minister from 1948 to 1972 and President from 1972 to his death...

      , President of North Korea (1972–1994)
    • Premier -
      1. Yon Hyong-muk
        Yon Hyong-muk
        Yon Hyong-muk, also spelt as Yong Hyong-muk was a longserving politician in North Korea and at the height of his career the most powerful person in that country outside the Kim family. He was premier of North Korea from 1989 until 1992 .He was born in Kyongwon County and had a strong...

        , Premier of North Korea (1988–1992)
      2. Kang Song-san
        Kang Song-san
        Kang Song-san was the Premier of North Korea from 1984 to 1986 and again from 1992 to 1997. He succeeded Li Jong-ok in his first term and Yon Hyong-muk in his second term. He was born in North Hamgyong.-References:...

        , Premier of North Korea (1992–1997) South Korea (Republic of Korea)
        South Korea
        The Republic of Korea , , is a sovereign state in East Asia, located on the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula. It is neighbored by the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east, North Korea to the north, and the East China Sea and Republic of China to the south...

    • President - Roh Tae-woo
      Roh Tae-woo
      Roh Tae-woo , is a former ROK Army general and politician. He was the 13th president of South Korea .Roh befriended Chun Doo-hwan while in high school in Daegu. In his younger life, Roh was a keen rugby union player....

      , President of South Korea
      President of South Korea
      The President of the Republic of Korea is, according to the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, chief executive of the government, commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and the head of state of the Republic of Korea...

       (1988–1993)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Chung Won Shik, Prime Minister of South Korea
        Prime Minister of South Korea
        The Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea is appointed by the President with the National Assembly's approval. Unlike prime ministers in the parliamentary system, the Prime Minister of South Korea is not required to be a member of parliament....

         (1991–1992)
      2. Hyun Soong Jong, Prime Minister of South Korea
        Prime Minister of South Korea
        The Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea is appointed by the President with the National Assembly's approval. Unlike prime ministers in the parliamentary system, the Prime Minister of South Korea is not required to be a member of parliament....

         (1992–1993)
  •  Kuwait
    • Monarch - Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
      Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
      Jaber III al-Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah, GCB , GCMG of the al-Sabah dynasty, was the Emir and thirteenth Sheikh of Kuwait, serving from December 31, 1977 until his death on January 15, 2006...

      , Emir of Kuwait (1977–2006)
    • Prime Minister - Sheikh Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah
      Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah
      Sheikh Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah, KCMG was the Emir of Kuwait during a short reign of nine days , succeeding the late Sheikh Jaber....

      , Prime Minister of Kuwait (1978–2003)  Kyrgyzstan
    • President - Askar Akayev
      Askar Akayev
      Askar Akayevich Akayev served as the President of Kyrgyzstan from 1990 until his overthrow in the March 2005 Tulip Revolution....

      , President of Kyrgyzstan
      President of Kyrgyzstan
      The President of Kyrgyzstan is the head of state and the highest official of Kyrgyzstan. The President, according to the constitution, "is the symbol of the unity of people and state power, and is the guarantor of the Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic, and of an individual and citizen." The...

       (1990–2005)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Andrey Iordan, Acting Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan
        Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan
        The Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan is the head of government of Kyrgyzstan. Generally, the President is in a stronger position than the Prime Minister in Kyrgyzstan. The president is allowed to appoint the Prime Minister temporarily, and his appointment is known as the acting Prime Minister...

         (1991–1992)
      2. Tursunbek Chyngyshev
        Tursunbek Chyngyshev
        Tursunbek Chyngyshev served as the Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan from 10 February 1992 to 13 December 1993. He left office due to a motion of no confidence in the Kyrgyzstan parliament caused by the Seabeco gold scandal.-References:...

        , Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan
        Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan
        The Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan is the head of government of Kyrgyzstan. Generally, the President is in a stronger position than the Prime Minister in Kyrgyzstan. The president is allowed to appoint the Prime Minister temporarily, and his appointment is known as the acting Prime Minister...

         (1992–1993)
  •  Laos
    • Communist Party Leader -
      1. Kaysone Phomvihane
        Kaysone Phomvihane
        Kaysone Phomvihane was the leader of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party from 1955, though Souphanouvong served in a figurehead role...

        , General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party
        Lao People's Revolutionary Party
        The Lao People's Revolutionary Party is a communist political party that has governed Laos since 1975. The policy-making organs are the politburo and the central committee. A party congress, which elects members to the politburo and central committee, is held every five years...

         (1975–1992)
      2. Khamtai Siphandon
        Khamtai Siphandon
        General Khamtai Siphandon is a Laotian politician who was President of Laos from February 24, 1998, until June 8, 2006, when he was officially replaced by Choummaly Sayasone....

        , General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party
        Lao People's Revolutionary Party
        The Lao People's Revolutionary Party is a communist political party that has governed Laos since 1975. The policy-making organs are the politburo and the central committee. A party congress, which elects members to the politburo and central committee, is held every five years...

         (1992–2006)
    • President -
      1. Kaysone Phomvihane
        Kaysone Phomvihane
        Kaysone Phomvihane was the leader of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party from 1955, though Souphanouvong served in a figurehead role...

        , President of Laos
        President of Laos
        The President of Laos is the head of state of the People's Democratic Republic of Laos.The office of the President was created in 1975, after the takeover of the country by the Pathet Lao, which abolished the monarchy. A member of the deposed royal family, Prince Souphanouvong, was the first...

         (1991–1992)
      2. Nouhak Phoumsavanh
        Nouhak Phoumsavanh
        Nouhak Phoumsavanh or Phoumsavan was a longtime Pathet Lao revolutionary and communist party official who was President of Laos from 1992 to 1998....

        , President of Laos
        President of Laos
        The President of Laos is the head of state of the People's Democratic Republic of Laos.The office of the President was created in 1975, after the takeover of the country by the Pathet Lao, which abolished the monarchy. A member of the deposed royal family, Prince Souphanouvong, was the first...

         (1992–1998)
    • Premier - Khamtai Siphandon
      Khamtai Siphandon
      General Khamtai Siphandon is a Laotian politician who was President of Laos from February 24, 1998, until June 8, 2006, when he was officially replaced by Choummaly Sayasone....

      , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos
      Prime Minister of Laos
      The Prime Minister of Laos is the head of government of the People's Democratic Republic of Laos.-Prime Ministers:-Trivia:Between December 1959 to December 1960, Laos had 6 different Prime Ministers, after being ousted by 6 different political coups....

       (1991–1998)
  •  Lebanon
    • President - Elias Hrawi
      Elias Hrawi
      Elias Hrawi was a President of Lebanon, whose term of office ran from 1989 to 1998.He was a native of the Beqaa valley. He was elected on 24 November 1989, two days after the assassination of René Moawad, who had held office for just seventeen days...

      , President of Lebanon (1989–1998)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Omar Karami
        Omar Karami
        Omar Abdul Hamid Karami was the Prime Minister of Lebanon on two separate occasions...

        , Prime Minister of Lebanon (1990–1992)
      2. Rachid Solh
        Rachid Solh
        Rashid el-Solh was a Lebanese politician and former Prime Minister, kin of one of the most powerful Sunni families in the country. He was elected to the Lebanese Parliament as a MP for the first time in the Beirut riding in 1960 and was appointed by then President Suleiman Franjieh as prime...

        , Prime Minister of Lebanon (1992)
      3. Rafic Hariri, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1992–1998) Macau
        Macau
        Macau , also spelled Macao , is, along with Hong Kong, one of the two special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China...

         (overseas province of Portugal)
    • Governor - Vasco Joaquim Rocha Vieira
      Vasco Joaquim Rocha Vieira
      Vasco Joaquim Rocha Vieira was the last Governor of Macau.-Background:He is the son of João da Silva Vieira Vasco Joaquim Rocha Vieira (b. Lagoa, 16 August 1939) was the last Governor of Macau.-Background:He is the son of João da Silva Vieira Vasco Joaquim Rocha Vieira (b. Lagoa, 16 August 1939)...

      , Governor of Macau
      Governor of Macau
      The Governor of Macau was a Portuguese colonial official who headed the colony of Macau, before 1623 called Captain-major . The post was replaced on December 20, 1999 upon the transfer of administration to the People's Republic of China by the office of the Chief Executive of the Macau Special...

       (1991–1999)
  •  Malaysia
    • Monarch - Sultan Azlan Shah, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia
      Yang di-Pertuan Agong
      The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is the head of state of Malaysia. The office was established in 1957 when the Federation of Malaya gained independence....

       (1989–1994)
    • Prime Minister - Mahathir Mohamad, Prime Minister of Malaysia
      Prime Minister of Malaysia
      The Prime Minister of Malaysia is the indirectly elected head of government of Malaysia. He is officially appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the head of state, who in HM's judgment is likely to command the confidence of the majority of the members of that House of Representatives , the...

       (1981–2003)
  •  Maldives
    • President - Maumoon Abdul Gayoom
      Maumoon Abdul Gayoom
      Maumoon Abdul Gayoom was President of the Maldives from 1978 to 2008. After serving as Minister of Transport, he was nominated as President by the Majlis of the Maldives and succeeded Ibrahim Nasir on November 11, 1978. He eventually became the longest-ruling head of government in Asia...

      , President of the Maldives
      President of the Maldives
      The President of the Maldives is the Head of State and Head of Government and first citizen of the Republic of Maldives and the Supreme Commander of the Maldivian armed forces.The current President of the Republic of Maldives is Mohamed Nasheed....

       (1978–2008)   Mongolia
    • Mongolian People's Republic changed into the Mongolia
      Mongolia
      Mongolia is a landlocked country in East and Central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south, east and west. Although Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, its western-most point is only from Kazakhstan's eastern tip. Ulan Bator, the capital and largest...

       on 12 February 1992
    • President - Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat, President of Mongolia
      President of Mongolia
      The President of Mongolia is the head of state of Mongolia. The Constitution of Mongolia implements a parliamentary system, so while much of the President's role is ceremonial, he or she does wield significant political power.-Election:...

       (1990–1997)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Dashiin Byambasüren
        Dashiin Byambasüren
        Dashiin Byambasüren is a former Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party politician who was Prime Minister of Mongolia from 11 September 1990 - 21 July 1992, as the first one to be appointed by a democratically elected parliament. He comes from a Buryat background...

        , Prime Minister of Mongolia
        Prime Minister of Mongolia
        The Prime Minister of Mongolia is the highest member of the Mongolian government's executive arm, and heads the Mongolian cabinet. The Prime Minister is appointed by Parliament, and can be removed by a vote of no confidence.-Powers:...

         (1990–1992)
      2. Puntsagiin Jasrai
        Puntsagiin Jasrai
        Puntsagiin Jasrai was a Mongolian politician. He was the Prime Minister of Mongolia from 21 July 1992 until 19 July 1996.-Education and early career:...

        , Prime Minister of Mongolia
        Prime Minister of Mongolia
        The Prime Minister of Mongolia is the highest member of the Mongolian government's executive arm, and heads the Mongolian cabinet. The Prime Minister is appointed by Parliament, and can be removed by a vote of no confidence.-Powers:...

         (1992–1996) Myanmar
        Myanmar
        Burma , officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar , is a country in Southeast Asia. Burma is bordered by China on the northeast, Laos on the east, Thailand on the southeast, Bangladesh on the west, India on the northwest, the Bay of Bengal to the southwest, and the Andaman Sea on the south....

    • Head of State -
      1. Saw Maung
        Saw Maung
        Senior General Saw Maung was the founder of the State Peace and Development Council in Myanmar. He served as their Chairman from 1988 to 1992.-Early life and career:...

        , Chairman of the State Law and Order Restoration Council of Myanmar
        President of Burma
        The President of Burma is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, and leads the executive branch of the Burmese government, and heads the Cabinet of Burma. The president is elected by members of parliament, not by the general population. The Presidential...

         (1988–1992)
      2. Than Shwe
        Than Shwe
        Senior General Than Shwe is a Burmese military leader and politician who was chairman of the State Peace and Development Council from 1992 to 2011. During the period, he held key positions of power including commander-in-chief of the Myanmar Armed Forces and head of Union Solidarity and...

        , Chairman of the State Law and Order Restoration Council of Myanmar
        President of Burma
        The President of Burma is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, and leads the executive branch of the Burmese government, and heads the Cabinet of Burma. The president is elected by members of parliament, not by the general population. The Presidential...

         (1992–2011)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Saw Maung
        Saw Maung
        Senior General Saw Maung was the founder of the State Peace and Development Council in Myanmar. He served as their Chairman from 1988 to 1992.-Early life and career:...

        , Prime Minister of Myanmar
        Prime Minister of Myanmar
        The Prime Minister of Burma was the head of government of Burma, also called Myanmar, from 1948 to 2011.-History of the office:The position of Prime Minister was created in 1948, when Burma gained independence from the United Kingdom. Since then, eleven people have held the office...

         (1988–1992)
      2. Than Shwe
        Than Shwe
        Senior General Than Shwe is a Burmese military leader and politician who was chairman of the State Peace and Development Council from 1992 to 2011. During the period, he held key positions of power including commander-in-chief of the Myanmar Armed Forces and head of Union Solidarity and...

        , Prime Minister of Myanmar
        Prime Minister of Myanmar
        The Prime Minister of Burma was the head of government of Burma, also called Myanmar, from 1948 to 2011.-History of the office:The position of Prime Minister was created in 1948, when Burma gained independence from the United Kingdom. Since then, eleven people have held the office...

         (1992–2003) Nepal
    • Monarch - Birendra
      Birendra of Nepal
      Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev was a King of Nepal. The son of King Mahendra, whom he succeeded in 1972, he reigned until his death in the 2001 Nepalese royal massacre...

      , King of Nepal
      Nepalese monarchy
      The Kingdom of Nepal , also referred to as the Gorkha Kingdom, was formed in 1768 by the unification of Nepal. Founded by Prithvi Narayan Shah The Kingdom of Nepal , also referred to as the Gorkha Kingdom, was formed in 1768 by the unification of Nepal. Founded by Prithvi Narayan Shah The Kingdom...

       (1972–2001)
    • Prime Minister - Girija Prasad Koirala
      Girija Prasad Koirala
      Girija Prasad Koirala was a Nepalese politician and the President of the Nepali Congress, a major political party. He was Prime Minister of Nepal for four times, serving from 1991 to 1994, 1998 to 1999, 2000 to 2001, and from 2006 to 2008; he was also Acting Head of State from January 2007 to July...

      , Prime Minister of Nepal (1991–1994) Oman
      Oman
      Oman , officially called the Sultanate of Oman , is an Arab state in southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by the United Arab Emirates to the northwest, Saudi Arabia to the west, and Yemen to the southwest. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the...

    • Monarch - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Sultan of Oman (1970–present)
    • Prime Minister - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Prime Minister of Oman (1972–present)
  •  Pakistan
    • President - Ghulam Ishaq Khan
      Ghulam Ishaq Khan
      Ghulam Ishaq Khan , abbreviated as GIK, was the seventh President of Pakistan from August 17, 1988 until July 18, 1993 and a career statesman from the start to the end of cold war...

      , President of Pakistan
      President of Pakistan
      The President of Pakistan is the head of state, as well as figurehead, of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Recently passed an XVIII Amendment , Pakistan has a parliamentary democratic system of government. According to the Constitution, the President is chosen by the Electoral College to serve a...

       (1988–1993)
    • Prime Minister - Nawaz Sharif
      Nawaz Sharif
      Mian Mohammad Nawaz Sharif is a Pakistani conservative politician and steel magnate who served as 12th Prime Minister of Pakistan in two non-consecutive terms from November 1990 to July 1993, and from February 1997 to October 12, 1999...

      , Prime Minister of Pakistan
      Prime Minister of Pakistan
      The Prime Minister of Pakistan , is the Head of Government of Pakistan who is designated to exercise as the country's Chief Executive. By the Constitution of Pakistan, Pakistan has the parliamentary democratic system of government...

       (1990–1993) Philippines
      Philippines
      The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...

    • President -
      1. Corazon Aquino
        Corazon Aquino
        Maria Corazon Sumulong Cojuangco-Aquino was the 11th President of the Philippines and the first woman to hold that office in Philippine history. She is best remembered for leading the 1986 People Power Revolution, which toppled Ferdinand Marcos and restored democracy in the Philippines...

        , President of the Philippines (1986–1992)
      2. Fidel V. Ramos
        Fidel V. Ramos
        Fidel "Eddie" Valdez Ramos , popularly known as FVR, was the 12th President of the Philippines from 1992 to 1998. During his six years in office, Ramos was widely credited and admired by many for revitalizing and renewing international confidence in the Philippine economy.Prior to his election as...

        , President of the Philippines (1992–1998)
  •  Qatar
    • Monarch - Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani
      Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani
      Emir Shaikh Khalifa bin Hamad bin Abdullah bin Jassim bin Muhammed Al Thani GCB GCMG was the Emir of Qatar from 1972 until he was deposed by his son Hamad bin Khalifa in 1995....

      , Emir of Qatar (1972–1995)
    • Prime Minister - Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani
      Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani
      Emir Shaikh Khalifa bin Hamad bin Abdullah bin Jassim bin Muhammed Al Thani GCB GCMG was the Emir of Qatar from 1972 until he was deposed by his son Hamad bin Khalifa in 1995....

      , Prime Minister of Qatar (1970–1995)
  •  Saudi Arabia
    • Monarch - Fahd
      Fahd of Saudi Arabia
      Fahd bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud, Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, was King of Saudi Arabia from 1982 to 2005...

      , King of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005)
    • Prime Minister - Fahd
      Fahd of Saudi Arabia
      Fahd bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud, Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, was King of Saudi Arabia from 1982 to 2005...

      , Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia
      Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia
      The Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia is formally the Head of government under the Malik , the rather absolute Head of State of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.-History:...

       (1982–2005)
  •  Singapore
    • President - Wee Kim Wee
      Wee Kim Wee
      Wee Kim Wee GCB was the fourth President of Singapore from 2 September 1985 to 1 September 1993.-Early life:Born into a humble family, Wee Kim Wee was the son of a clerk, Wee Choong Lay and his wife Chua Lay Hua. His father died when he was eight...

      , President of Singapore
      President of Singapore
      The President of the Republic of Singapore is Singapore's head of state. In a Westminster parliamentary system, as which Singapore governs itself, the prime minister is the head of the government while the position of president is largely ceremonial. Before 1993, the President of Singapore was...

       (1985–1993)
    • Prime Minister - Goh Chok Tong
      Goh Chok Tong
      Goh Chok Tong is the Senior Minister of Singapore and the chairman of the central bank of Singapore, the Monetary Authority of Singapore. He also served as the second Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore from 28 November 1990 to 12 August 2004, succeeding Lee Kuan Yew, the former Prime...

      , Prime Minister of Singapore
      Prime Minister of Singapore
      The Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore is the head of the government of the Republic of Singapore. The President of Singapore appoints as Prime Minister a Member of Parliament who, in his opinion, is most likely to command the confidence of a majority of MPs.The office of Prime Minister...

       (1990–2004)
  •  Sri Lanka
    • President - Ranasinghe Premadasa
      Ranasinghe Premadasa
      Ranasinghe Premadasa was the 3rd President of Sri Lanka from January 2, 1989 to May 1, 1993. Before that, he served as the Prime Minister in the government headed by J. R. Jayewardene from February 6, 1978 to January 1, 1989...

      , President of Sri Lanka
      President of Sri Lanka
      The President of Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is the elected head of state and the head of government. The President is a dominant political figure in Sri Lanka. The office was created in 1978 but has grown so powerful there have been calls to restrict or even eliminate its power...

       (1989–1993)
    • Prime Minister - Dingiri Banda Wijetunga
      Dingiri Banda Wijetunga
      Dingiri Banda Wijetunga was the President of Sri Lanka from May 1, 1993 to November 12, 1994, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka from March 3, 1989 to May 7, 1993 and the Governor of North Western province, Sri Lanka from 1988 to 1989.-Early life:...

      , Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (1989–1993)
  •  Syria
    • President - Hafez al-Assad
      Hafez al-Assad
      Hafez ibn 'Ali ibn Sulayman al-Assad or more commonly Hafez al-Assad was the President of Syria for three decades. Assad's rule consolidated the power of the central government after decades of coups and counter-coups, such as Operation Wappen in 1957 conducted by the Eisenhower administration and...

      , President of Syria (1971–2000)
    • Prime Minister - Mahmoud Zuabi
      Mahmoud Zuabi
      Mahmoud Zuabi was Syria's Prime Minister from November 1, 1987 until March 7, 2000.- Early life :...

      , Prime Minister of Syria (1987–2000) Taiwan (Republic of China)
      Republic of China
      The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan , which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor...

    • President - Lee Teng-hui
      Lee Teng-hui
      Lee Teng-hui is a politician of the Republic of China . He was the 7th, 8th, and 9th-term President of the Republic of China and Chairman of the Kuomintang from 1988 to 2000. He presided over major advancements in democratic reforms including his own re-election which marked the first direct...

      , President of the Republic of China
      President of the Republic of China
      The President of the Republic of China is the head of state and commander-in-chief of the Republic of China . The Republic of China was founded on January 1, 1912, to govern all of China...

       (1988–2000)
    • Premier - Hau Pei-tsun
      Hau Pei-tsun
      Hau Pei-tsun was Premier of the Republic of China from May 30, 1990 to February 10, 1993 and a 4-star general in the ROC Army.-Biography:Born to a well-to-do family in Yancheng, Jiangsu, Hau received a military education from the Chinese Military Academy, Chinese Army University, U.S. Army Command...

      , President of the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China
      Premier of the Republic of China
      The President of the Executive Yuan , commonly known as the Premier of the Republic of China , is the head of the Executive Yuan, the executive branch of the Republic of China , which currently administers Taiwan, Matsu, and Kinmen. The premier is appointed by the President of the Republic of China...

       (1990–1993)  Tajikistan
    • President -
      1. Rahmon Nabiyev, President of Tajikistan (1991–1992)
      2. Akbarsho Iskandrov
        Akbarsho Iskandrov
        Akbarsho Iskandarov was twice Acting President of Tajikistan.From October 6 1991 to December 2 1991, he acted as President when Rahmon Nabiyev stepped down to fight Tajikistan's first Presidential election. Nabiyev won the election and took over as president, but resigned in September 1992,...

        , Acting President of Tajikistan (1992)
      3. Emomali Rahmonov
        Emomali Rahmonov
        Emomalii Rahmon has served as the head of state of the Republic of Tajikistan since 1992, under the position of President since 1994.-Biography:...

        , President of Tajikistan (1992–present)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Izatullo Khayoyev, Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1991–1992)
      2. Akbar Mirzoyev
        Akbar Mirzoyev
        Akbar Mirzoyev was prime minister of Tajikistan between January 9, 1992 and September 21, 1992.-References:...

        , Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1992)
      3. Abdumalik Abdullajanov
        Abdumalik Abdullajanov
        Abdumalik Abdullayevich Abdullajanov is a Tajikistani politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Tajikistan from September 21, 1992 to December 18, 1993. He resigned as Prime Minister to become Tajikistan's first ambassador to Russia....

        , Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1992–1993)
  •  Thailand
    • Monarch - Bhumibol Adulyadej
      Bhumibol Adulyadej
      Bhumibol Adulyadej is the current King of Thailand. He is known as Rama IX...

      , King of Thailand (1946–present)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Anand Panyarachun
        Anand Panyarachun
        Anand Panyarachun was Thailand's Prime Minister twice, between 1991–1992 and once again in 1992. He was effective in initiating economic and political reforms, one of which was the drafting of Thailand's "Peoples' Constitution", which was promulgated in 1997 and abrogated in 2006...

        , Prime Minister of Thailand (1991–1992)
      2. Suchinda Kraprayoon
        Suchinda Kraprayoon
        Suchinda Kraprayoon was Prime Minister of Thailand from 7 April 1992 until 24 May 1992.Suchinda, son of Juang and Sompong Kraprayoon, was born 6 August 1933 in the province of Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, and is of Chinese and Mon descent...

        , Prime Minister of Thailand (1992)
      3. Meechai Ruchuphan
        Meechai Ruchuphan
        Meechai Ruchuphan . Currently Meechai is the chairman/president of Thailand's Law Reform Commission, Council of State. He was the acting Prime Minister of Thailand following a military takeover of the government that took place in February 1991...

        , Acting Prime Minister of Thailand (1992)
      4. Anand Panyarachun
        Anand Panyarachun
        Anand Panyarachun was Thailand's Prime Minister twice, between 1991–1992 and once again in 1992. He was effective in initiating economic and political reforms, one of which was the drafting of Thailand's "Peoples' Constitution", which was promulgated in 1997 and abrogated in 2006...

        , Prime Minister of Thailand (1992)
      5. Chuan Leekpai
        Chuan Leekpai
        Chuan Leekpai was the Prime Minister of Thailand from September 20, 1992 to May 19, 1995 and again from November 9, 1997 to February 9, 2001. A third-generation Thai Chinese, Chuan was born in Trang province in a grass-roofed house. The walls of his family's house were woven from strips of...

        , Prime Minister of Thailand (1992–1995)
  •  Turkey
    • President - Turgut Özal
      Turgut Özal
      Halil Turgut Özal was Prime Minister of Turkey and President of Turkey . As Prime Minister, he transformed the economy of Turkey by paving the way for the privatization of many state enterprises.-Early life and career:...

      , President of Turkey (1989–1993)
    • Prime Minister - Süleyman Demirel
      Süleyman Demirel
      Sami Süleyman Gündoğdu Demirel, better known as Süleyman Demirel , is a Turkish politician who served as Prime Minister seven times and was the ninth President of Turkey.-Life:Demirel was born in İslamköy, a town in Isparta Province...

      , Prime Minister of Turkey (1991–1993)  Turkmenistan
    • President - Saparmurat Niyazov
      Saparmurat Niyazov
      Saparmurat Atayevich Niyazov; , was a Turkmen politician who served as President of Turkmenistan from 2 November 1990 until his death in 2006...

      , President of Turkmenistan
      President of Turkmenistan
      -First Secretaries of the Turkmen Communist Party:*Ivan Mezhlauk *Shaymardan Ibragimov *Nikolay Paskutsky *Grigory Aronshtam...

       (1990–2006)
    • Premier - Han Ahmedow
      Han Ahmedow
      Han Ahmedowiç Ahmedow was Prime Minister of Turkmenistan from December 1989 to May 1992. During his time in office, Turkmenistan became an independent country when the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991. Afterwards, Ahmedow became Railways Minister and then ambassador to Turkey...

      , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Turkmenistan (1989–1992)
  •  United Arab Emirates
    • President - Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates
      President of the United Arab Emirates
      The President is the Head of State of the United Arab Emirates. Because the current ruler of Abu Dhabi customarily also holds the presidency of the UAE, the office is de facto hereditary. The President is also Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces and Chairman of the Supreme Council and...

       (1971–2004)
    • Prime Minister - Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum
      Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum
      Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum , also referred to as Sheikh Maktoum was the Vice President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates and the emir of Dubai.-Biography:...

      , Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1990–2006)
  •  Uzbekistan
    • President - Islam Karimov, President of Uzbekistan
      President of Uzbekistan
      President of the Republic of Uzbekistan is the Head of State and executive authority in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The office of President was established in 1991 replacing the position of First secretary of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan that has existed since 1925 while the country was known...

       (1990–present)
    • Prime Minister - Abdulhashim Mutalov, Prime Minister of Uzbekistan
      Prime Minister of Uzbekistan
      According to the Constitution of Uzbekistan, the Prime Minister of Uzbekistan and the deputy ministers are appointed by the President.-Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars:*Fayzulla Khodzhayev...

       (1992–1995)
  •  Vietnam
    • Communist Party Leader - Đỗ Mười, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam
      General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam
      The General Secretary is the leader of the Communist Party of Vietnam. The activities of Politburo and Secretariat are directed by the General Secretary. The post holder also maintains the top position in the Party's Central Military Commission, which is considered the supreme military...

       (1991–1997)
    • Head of State -
      1. Võ Chí Công
        Vo Chi Cong
        Võ Chí Công was a Vietnamese Communist political figure and one-time President of Vietnam.-Early life and political activities:Võ Chí Công was born Võ Toàn in Quảng Nam Province, Vietnam, in 1912...

        , Chairman of the State Council of Vietnam
        President of Vietnam
        The President of Vietnam is the head of state of Vietnam, although the functions of the President are often ceremonial...

         (1987–1992)
      2. Lê Đức Anh, President of Vietnam
        President of Vietnam
        The President of Vietnam is the head of state of Vietnam, although the functions of the President are often ceremonial...

         (1992–1997)
    • Prime Minister - Võ Văn Kiệt
      Vo Van Kiet
      Võ Văn Kiệt was a Vietnamese politician and statesman. He was a veteran fighter in the long war against French and then American military forces in South Vietnam, and lost his first wife and two children to US bombing...

      , Prime Minister of Vietnam
      Prime Minister of Vietnam
      -Office:The Prime Minister of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is the head of the executive branch of the Vietnamese government. The Prime Minister presides over the Vietnamese cabinet, and is responsible for appointing and supervising ministers...

       (1991–1997)
  •  Yemen
    • President - Ali Abdullah Saleh
      Ali Abdullah Saleh
      Field Marshal Ali Abdullah Saleh is the first President of the Republic of Yemen. Saleh previously served as President of the Yemen Arab Republic from 1978 until 1990, at which time he assumed the office of chairman of the Presidential Council of a post-unification Yemen. He is the...

      , President of Yemen
      President of Yemen
      The President of the Republic of Yemen is the head of state of Yemen.Under the Constitution of Yemen, the president is also the supreme commander of the armed forces and head of the executive branch of the Yemeni government....

       (1978–present)
    • Prime Minister - Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas
      Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas
      Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas was appointed Prime Minister of Yemen by President Ali Abdullah Saleh when the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen and Yemen Arab Republic united in 1990 to form present-day Yemen. Al-Attas served until 1994...

      , Prime Minister of Yemen
      Prime Minister of Yemen
      The Prime Minister of the Republic of Yemen is the head of government in that country. The current Prime Minister, Ali Muhammad Mujawar, has held the position since 7 April 2007. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President...

       (1990–1994)

Europe

 Albania
    • President -
      1. Ramiz Alia
        Ramiz Alia
        was the second and last communist leader of Albania from 1985-91, and the President of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania from 1991 to 1992, and also the first President of the post communist Albania elected in 1991-92. He had been designated as successor by Enver Hoxha and took power after...

        , President of Albania (1982–1992)
      2. Kastriot Islami
        Kastriot Islami
        Kastriot Selman Islami is an Albanian politician. He was Chairman of the Parliament of Albania from April 17, 1991 to April 6, 1992. On April 3, 1992, when the last communist president, Ramiz Alia resigned, Islami served as acting president for three days...

        , Acting President of Albania (1992)
      3. Pjetër Arbnori
        Pjetër Arbnori
        Pjetër Filip Arbnori was an Albanian gulag survivor. He was dubbed "the Mandela of the Balkans" by Albanian statesmen because of the length of his 28 year internment. He was born in Durrës, on the Adriatic coast...

        , Acting President of Albania (1992)
      4. Sali Berisha
        Sali Berisha
        Sali Ram Berisha is an Albanian politician and cardiologist, currently the Prime Minister of Albania and the leader of Democratic Party of Albania ....

        , President of Albania (1992–1997)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Vilson Ahmeti
        Vilson Ahmeti
        Vilson Ahmeti is an Albanian political figure. He served as the prime minister of Albania between 10 December 1991 and 13 April 1992.- References :...

        , Prime Minister of Albania (1991–1992)
      2. Aleksandër Meksi
        Aleksander Meksi
        Aleksandër Gabriel Meksi was the Prime Minister of Albania from April 13, 1992 to March 11, 1997. A former archaeologist he was the first person to be prime minister of Albania after the end of communist rule....

        , Prime Minister of Albania (1992–1997)
  •  Andorra
    • Monarchs-
      • French Co-Prince - François Mitterrand
        François Mitterrand
        François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand was the 21st President of the French Republic and ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra, serving from 1981 until 1995. He is the longest-serving President of France and, as leader of the Socialist Party, the only figure from the left so far elected President...

        , French Co-Prince of Andorra (1981–1995)
      • Episcopal Co-Prince - Joan Martí i Alanis, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1971–2003)
    • Prime Minister - Òscar Ribas Reig
      Òscar Ribas Reig
      Oscar Ribas Reig was the first prime minister of Andorra in 1982. He twice served as head of government, firstly from 8 January 1982 to 21 May 1984 with National Liberal party and then from 12 January 1990 to 7 December 1994 with the National Democratic Agreement party...

      , Head of Government of Andorra
      Head of Government of Andorra
      The Head of Government is the chief executive of the government of the Principality of Andorra.The current Cap de Govern is Antoni Martí.-Heads of Government:-See also:*List of Co-Princes of Andorra...

       (1990–1994)
  •  Armenia
    • President - Levon Ter-Petrossian
      Levon Ter-Petrossian
      Levon Ter-Petrossian , sometimes transliterated Levon Ter-Petrosyan or Ter-Petrosian , was the first President of Armenia from 1991 to 1998...

      , President of Armenia
      President of Armenia
      President of Armenia is the title of the head of state of Armenia since its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.-Democratic Republic of Armenia :*Avetis Aharonyan *Avetik Sahakyan *Avetis Aharonyan -Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and Armenian...

       (1990–1998)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Gagik Harutyunyan
        Gagik Harutyunyan
        Gagik Harutyunyan born on March 23, 1948 in Kotayk Province of Armenia. On November 22, 1991 he was elected Prime Minister of Armenia until July 30, 1992....

        , Prime Minister of Armenia
        Prime Minister of Armenia
        The Prime Minister of Armenia is the most senior minister within the Armenian government, and is required by the constitution to "oversee the Government's regular activities and coordinate the work of the Ministers." The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Armenia, but can be removed by...

         (1991–1992)
      2. Khosrov Harutyunyan
        Khosrov Harutyunyan
        Khosrov Harutyunyan served as the Prime Minister of Armenia from 30 July 1992 until 2 February 1993.-References:...

        , Prime Minister of Armenia
        Prime Minister of Armenia
        The Prime Minister of Armenia is the most senior minister within the Armenian government, and is required by the constitution to "oversee the Government's regular activities and coordinate the work of the Ministers." The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Armenia, but can be removed by...

         (1992–1993)
  •  Austria
    • President -
      1. Kurt Waldheim
        Kurt Waldheim
        Kurt Josef Waldheim was an Austrian diplomat and politician. Waldheim was the fourth Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1972 to 1981, and the ninth President of Austria, from 1986 to 1992...

        , Federal President of Austria
        President of Austria
        The President of Austria is the federal head of state of Austria. Though theoretically entrusted with great power by the constitution, in practice the President acts, for the most part, merely as a ceremonial figurehead...

         (1986–1992)
      2. Thomas Klestil
        Thomas Klestil
        Thomas Klestil was an Austrian diplomat and politician. He was elected the tenth President of Austria in 1992 and was re-elected to the position in 1998...

        , Federal President of Austria
        President of Austria
        The President of Austria is the federal head of state of Austria. Though theoretically entrusted with great power by the constitution, in practice the President acts, for the most part, merely as a ceremonial figurehead...

         (1992–2004)
    • Chancellor - Franz Vranitzky
      Franz Vranitzky
      Franz Vranitzky is an Austrian politician. A member of the Social Democratic Party of Austria , he was Chancellor of Austria from 1986 to 1997.-Early life and career:...

      , Federal Chancellor of Austria
      Chancellor of Austria
      The Federal Chancellor is the head of government in Austria. Its deputy is the Vice-Chancellor. Before 1918, the equivalent office was the Minister-President of Austria. The Federal Chancellor is considered to be the most powerful political position in Austrian politics.-Appointment:The...

       (1986–1997)
  •  Azerbaijan
    • President -
      1. Ayaz Mütallibov
        Ayaz Mütallibov
        Ayaz Niyazi oğlu Mütallibov was the last leader of Soviet Azerbaijan, and the first President of independent Azerbaijan from October 1991 till May 1992.-Biography:...

        , President of Azerbaijan
        President of Azerbaijan
        The country of Azerbaijan is a presidential republic, with the President of Azerbaijan as the head of state, and the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan as head of government...

         (1990–1992)
      2. Yaqub Mammadov
        Yaqub Mammadov
        Yaqub Javad oglu Mammadov , also spelled as Yagub Mammadov, was the Acting President of Azerbaijan from March 6 to May 14 and from May 18 to May 19, 1992. Mammadov is currently an opposition politician, professor and scientist.-Early life:...

        , Acting President of Azerbaijan
        President of Azerbaijan
        The country of Azerbaijan is a presidential republic, with the President of Azerbaijan as the head of state, and the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan as head of government...

         (1992)
      3. Ayaz Mütallibov
        Ayaz Mütallibov
        Ayaz Niyazi oğlu Mütallibov was the last leader of Soviet Azerbaijan, and the first President of independent Azerbaijan from October 1991 till May 1992.-Biography:...

        , President of Azerbaijan
        President of Azerbaijan
        The country of Azerbaijan is a presidential republic, with the President of Azerbaijan as the head of state, and the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan as head of government...

         (1992)
      4. Isa Gambar
        Isa Gambar
        Isa Yunis oglu Qambar , also known as Isa Gambar or Isa Qambar , is an Azerbaijani politician and leader of Equality Party , the largest opposition block in Azerbaijan.-Biography details:...

        , Acting President of Azerbaijan
        President of Azerbaijan
        The country of Azerbaijan is a presidential republic, with the President of Azerbaijan as the head of state, and the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan as head of government...

         (1992)
      5. Abulfaz Elchibey, President of Azerbaijan
        President of Azerbaijan
        The country of Azerbaijan is a presidential republic, with the President of Azerbaijan as the head of state, and the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan as head of government...

         (1992–1993)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Hasan Hasanov
        Hasan Hasanov
        Hasan Hasanov Aziz oglu is an Azerbaijani politician and diplomat. He served as Azerbaijan's last communist leader, as its Prime Minister of Azerbaijan both during the Soviet rule and Azerbaijan's subsequent independence after the collapse of Soviet Union but eventually resigned.-Early...

        , Prime Minister of Azerbaijan
        Prime Minister of Azerbaijan
        The Prime Minister of Azerbaijan is the head of government of Azerbaijan. The current prime minister is Artur Rasizade.-Prime Ministers:* Fath Ali Khan Khoyski * Nasib Yusifbeyli...

         (1990–1992)
      2. Firuz Mustafayev
        Firuz Mustafayev
        Firuz Mustafayev Rajab oglu , also spelled as Feyruz Mustafayev was the 2nd Acting Prime Minister of Azerbaijan. His terms lasted from April 7 to May 18, when he was replaced by Rahim Huseynov.- References :...

        , Acting Prime Minister of Azerbaijan
        Prime Minister of Azerbaijan
        The Prime Minister of Azerbaijan is the head of government of Azerbaijan. The current prime minister is Artur Rasizade.-Prime Ministers:* Fath Ali Khan Khoyski * Nasib Yusifbeyli...

         (1992)
      3. Rahim Huseynov
        Rahim Huseynov
        Rahim Huseynov Alihuseyn oglu , , was the 3rd Prime Minister of Azerbaijan.-Early life:Huseynov was born on April 5, 1936 in Baku, Azerbaijan. He graduating from school, Huseynov studied at Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys from 1953 through 1959 obtaining a degree in Metallurgy Engineering...

        , Prime Minister of Azerbaijan
        Prime Minister of Azerbaijan
        The Prime Minister of Azerbaijan is the head of government of Azerbaijan. The current prime minister is Artur Rasizade.-Prime Ministers:* Fath Ali Khan Khoyski * Nasib Yusifbeyli...

         (1992–1993)
    •   Nagorno-Karabakh
      Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
      The Nagorno-Karabakh Republic , or Artsakh Republic is a de facto independent republic located in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia...

       (unrecognized, secessionist state)
      • declared independence on 6 January 1992
      • Head of State -
        1. Artur Mkrtchyan, Chairman of the Parliament of Nagorno-Karabakh
          President of Nagorno-Karabakh
          -Chairmen of Parliament :-Presidents :-Latest election:-See also:*Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic...

           (1992)
        2. Georgy Petrosyan, Acting Chairman of the Parliament of Nagorno-Karabakh
          President of Nagorno-Karabakh
          -Chairmen of Parliament :-Presidents :-Latest election:-See also:*Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic...

           (1992–1993)
      • Prime Minister - Robert Kocharyan, Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh
        Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh
        -List of Prime Ministers of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic :-See also:*President of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic...

         (1992–1994) Belarus
        Belarus
        Belarus , officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered clockwise by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno , Gomel ,...

    • Head of State - Stanislau Shushkevich, Chairman of Supreme Soviet of Belarus (1991–1994)
    • Premier - Vyachaslau Kebich
      Vyachaslau Kebich
      Vyachaslau Frantsavich Kebich is a political figure from Belarus. He was the first Prime Minister of the Republic of Belarus, serving from 1991 until 1994, having held the equivalent office of the Byelorussian SSR since 1990. Kebich was also one of two candidates in the final running for President...

      , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Belarus (1990–1994)
  •  Belgium
    • Monarch - Baudouin I, King of the Belgians (1951–1993)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Wilfried Martens
        Wilfried Martens
        Wilfried Martens is a Belgian politician. He was born in Sleidinge . Martens was the 44th Prime Minister of Belgium from 3 April 1979 to 6 April 1981 and 17 December 1981 to 7 March 1992....

        , Prime Minister of Belgium (1981–1992)
      2. Jean-Luc Dehaene
        Jean-Luc Dehaene
        -Early life and political career:He was born in Montpellier, France, when his parents were fleeing German troops. He got into politics through the Algemeen Christelijk Werknemersverbond , a trade union which was closely linked to the Christelijke Volkspartij .In 1981, he became Minister of Social...

        , Prime Minister of Belgium (1992–1999) Bosnia and Herzegovina
        Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
        The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was the direct main predecessor to the modern-day state of Bosnia and Herzegovina...

    • declared independence on 3 March 1992
    • President - Alija Izetbegović
      Alija Izetbegovic
      Alija Izetbegović was a Bosniak activist, lawyer, author, philosopher and politician, who, in 1990, became the first president of Bosnia and Herzegovina. He served in this role until 1996, when he became a member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, serving until 2000...

      , President of Bosnia and Herzegovina
      Chairmen of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
      The following is a list of Chairmen of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina:-See also:...

       (1990–1996)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Jure Pelivan, Prime Minister of Bosnia and Hercegovina
        Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina
        The following is a list of Chairmen of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina:...

         (1992)
      2. Mile Akmadžić, Prime Minister of Bosnia and Hercegovina
        Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina
        The following is a list of Chairmen of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina:...

         (1992–1993)
  •  Kingdom of Bulgaria
    • President - Zhelyu Zhelev
      Zhelyu Zhelev
      Zhelyu Mitev Zhelev is a Bulgarian politician and former dissident who was the first democratically elected President of Bulgaria, he is elected for his first mandate by the Parliament for the period 1990 to 1992, in January 1992 general elections are held when he is reelected for his second...

      , President of Bulgaria (1990–1997)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Philip Dimitrov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1991–1992)
      2. Lyuben Berov
        Lyuben Berov
        Lyuben Berov was a Bulgarian economist. He served as prime minister of Bulgaria from 1992 to 1994....

        , Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1992–1994)
  •  Independent State of Croatia
    • President - Franjo Tuđman, President of Croatia
      President of Croatia
      The President of Croatia , officially styled the President of the Republic represents the Republic of Croatia in the country and abroad as the head of state, maintains the regular and coordinated operation and stability of the national government system, and safeguards the independence and...

       (1990–1999)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Franjo Gregurić
        Franjo Greguric
        Franjo Gregurić is a Croatian politician who served as prime minister of Croatia from July 1991 to September 1992.Gregurić was born in the Zagorje village of Lobor. He attended the Technical highschool in Zagreb, and then the Technical Faculty of the University of Zagreb...

        , President of the Government of Croatia (1991–1992)
      2. Hrvoje Šarinić
        Hrvoje Šarinic
        Hrvoje Šarinić is a Croatian politician.Šarinić was born in Sušak, Rijeka and graduated from the University of Zagreb then-Faculty of Architecture, Construction and Geodesy....

        , President of the Government of Croatia (1992–1993)
    •   Republic of Serbian Krajina
      Republic of Serbian Krajina
      The Republic of Serbian Krajina was a self-proclaimed Serb entity within Croatia. Established in 1991, it was not recognized internationally. It formally existed from 1991 to 1995, having been initiated a year earlier via smaller separatist regions. The name Krajina means "frontier"...

       (unrecognized secessionist state)
      • President -
        1. Milan Babić
          Milan Babic
          Milan Babić was from 1991 to 1995 the first President of the Republic of Serbian Krajina, a Croatian region at the time of the war largely populated by a Serbs of Croatia that wished to break away from Croatia.He was indicted for war crimes by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former...

          , President of Serbian Krajina (1991–1992)
        2. Mile Paspalj, Acting President of Serbian Krajina (1992)
        3. Goran Hadžić
          Goran Hadžic
          Goran Hadžić is a former president of the Republic of Serbian Krajina who was in office during the Croatian War of Independence. He is accused of crimes against humanity and of violation of the laws and customs of war by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia.The court...

          , President of Serbian Krajina (1992–1994)
      • Prime Minister -
        1. Dusan Vještica, Prime Minister of Serbian Krajina (1991–1992)
        2. Risto Matkovic, Acting Prime Minister of Serbian Krajina (1992)
        3. Zdravko Zecevic, Prime Minister of Serbian Krajina (1992–1993)
  •  Cyprus
    • President - George Vasiliou
      George Vasiliou
      Georgios Vasos Vassiliou was the third President of the Republic of Cyprus from 1988 to 1993. He was also the founder and leader of the Cypriot United Democrats party and a highly successful businessman....

      , President of Cyprus (1988–1993)
    •  Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (unrecognized, secessionist state)
      • President - Rauf Denktaş
        Rauf Denktas
        Rauf Raif Denktaş is the founder and the first president of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus , a de facto state which is only recognized by Turkey...

        , President of Northern Cyprus
        President of Northern Cyprus
        The President of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is the head of state of the TRNC. Rauf Denktaş was the first and founder president of TRNC, and retired in 2005. His position was taken over by Mehmet Ali Talat, followed by the current president, Derviş Eroğlu.In the Turkish Republic of...

         (1975–2005)
      • Prime Minister - Derviş Eroğlu
        Dervis Eroglu
        Dr. Derviş Eroğlu is the President of the unrecognized Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. He was Prime Minister of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus from 1985 to 1994 and from 1996 to 2004, and leader of the National Unity Party. His party won the general elections in 2009 and Eroğlu...

        , Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus
        Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus
        The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President is head of state and the Prime Minister head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative...

         (1985–1994) Czech and Slovak Federal Republic
        Czech and Slovak Federal Republic
        Czech and Slovak Federal Republic was the official name of Czechoslovakia from April 1990 until 31 December 1992, when the country was dissolved into the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic.- Adoption of the name :Since 1960, Czechoslovakia's official name had been Czechoslovak Socialist Republic...

    • dissolved on 31 December 1992
    • President -
      1. Václav Havel
        Václav Havel
        Václav Havel is a Czech playwright, essayist, poet, dissident and politician. He was the tenth and last President of Czechoslovakia and the first President of the Czech Republic . He has written over twenty plays and numerous non-fiction works, translated internationally...

        , President of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic (1989–1992)
      2. Jan Stráský
        Jan Stráský
        Jan Stráský is a Czech politician.Stráský studied philosophy and political economy at the Charles University in Prague. During the 1960s-'80s he worked at the Central bank of Czechoslovakia...

        , Acting President of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic (1992)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Marián Čalfa
        Marián Calfa
        Marián Čalfa was a Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia during and after the Velvet Revolution, as well as acting President for 19 days, and was a key facilitator of smooth power transfer from the Communists to a new democratic representation.An ethnic Slovak, he was a member of KSČ, the Communist...

        , Prime Minister of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic (1989–1992)
      2. Jan Stráský
        Jan Stráský
        Jan Stráský is a Czech politician.Stráský studied philosophy and political economy at the Charles University in Prague. During the 1960s-'80s he worked at the Central bank of Czechoslovakia...

        , Prime Minister of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic (1992) Denmark
        Kingdom of Denmark
        The Kingdom of Denmark or the Danish Realm , is a constitutional monarchy and sovereign state consisting of Denmark proper in northern Europe and two autonomous constituent countries, the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic and Greenland in North America. Denmark is the hegemonial part, where the...

    • Monarch - Margrethe II
      Margrethe II of Denmark
      Margrethe II is the Queen regnant of the Kingdom of Denmark. In 1972 she became the first female monarch of Denmark since Margaret I, ruler of the Scandinavian countries in 1375-1412 during the Kalmar Union.-Early life:...

      , Queen of Denmark (1972–present)
    • Prime Minister - Poul Schlüter
      Poul Schlüter
      Poul Holmskov Schlüter is a Danish politician, who served as Prime Minister of Denmark from 1982 to 1993.Born in Tønder, south Jutland, he graduated from the University of Copenhagen in 1957 with a degree in law, and joined the bar in 1960. Schlüter was a member of the Danish Parliament for the...

      , Prime Minister of Denmark (1982–1993)
  •  Estonia
    • Head of State -
      1. Arnold Rüütel
        Arnold Rüütel
        Arnold Rüütel OIH was the third President of the Republic of Estonia from October 8, 2001 to October 9, 2006. He was the second President since Estonia regained its independence in 1991....

        , Chairman of the Supreme Council of Estonia (1990–1992)
      2. Lennart Meri
        Lennart Meri
        Lennart Georg Meri was a writer, film director and statesman who served as the second President of Estonia from 1992 to 2001. Meri was a leader of the Estonian independence movement.-Early life:...

        , President of Estonia
        President of Estonia
        The President of the Republic is the head of state of the Republic of Estonia.Estonia is a parliamentary republic, therefore President is mainly a symbolic figure and holds no executive power. The President has to suspend his membership in any political party for his term in office...

         (1992–2001)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Edgar Savisaar
        Edgar Savisaar
        Edgar Savisaar , is an Estonian politician, one of the founding members of Popular Front of Estonia and the leader of the Centre Party. He has served as the acting Prime Minister of Estonia, Minister of Internal affairs and Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications...

        , Prime Minister of the Interim Government of Estonia
        Prime Minister of Estonia
        The Prime Minister of Estonia is the head of government of the Republic of Estonia. The prime minister is nominated by the President after appropriate consultations with the parliamentary factions and confirmed by the Parliament. In case of disagreement, the Parliament can reject the President's...

         (1990–1992)
      2. Tiit Vähi
        Tiit Vähi
        Tiit Vähi is an Estonian politician, Prime Minister of Estonia from 1995 to 1997, and acting Prime Minister for several months during 1992 under the transitional government....

        , Prime Minister of the Interim Government of Estonia
        Prime Minister of Estonia
        The Prime Minister of Estonia is the head of government of the Republic of Estonia. The prime minister is nominated by the President after appropriate consultations with the parliamentary factions and confirmed by the Parliament. In case of disagreement, the Parliament can reject the President's...

         (1992)
      3. Mart Laar
        Mart Laar
        Mart Laar is an Estonian statesman, historian and a founding member of the Foundation for the Investigation of Communist Crimes. He was the Prime Minister of Estonia from 1992 to 1994 and from 1999 to 2002, and is the leader of the conservative party Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica...

        , Prime Minister of Estonia
        Prime Minister of Estonia
        The Prime Minister of Estonia is the head of government of the Republic of Estonia. The prime minister is nominated by the President after appropriate consultations with the parliamentary factions and confirmed by the Parliament. In case of disagreement, the Parliament can reject the President's...

         (1992–1994)
  •  Finland
    • President - Mauno Koivisto
      Mauno Koivisto
      Mauno Henrik Koivisto is a Finnish politician who served as the ninth President of Finland from 1982 to 1994. He also served as Prime Minister 1968–1970 and 1979–1982...

      , President of Finland
      President of Finland
      The President of the Republic of Finland is the nation's head of state. Under the Finnish constitution, executive power is vested in the President and the government, with the President possessing extensive powers. The President is elected directly by the people of Finland for a term of six years....

      , (1982–1994)
    • Prime Minister - Esko Aho
      Esko Aho
      Esko Tapani Aho is a statesman and former Prime Minister of Finland.-Early life and career:Aho was born in Veteli, Finland. Prior to attending university, he began a career in politics. From 1974 to 1979, he was Chairman of the Finnish Centre Youth, which had before him grown many of his...

      , Prime Minister of Finland
      Prime Minister of Finland
      The Prime Minister is the Head of Government of Finland. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President, who is the Head of State. The current Prime Minister is Jyrki Katainen of the National Coalition Party.-Overview:...

      , (1991–1995)
  •  Early Modern France
    • President - François Mitterrand
      François Mitterrand
      François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand was the 21st President of the French Republic and ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra, serving from 1981 until 1995. He is the longest-serving President of France and, as leader of the Socialist Party, the only figure from the left so far elected President...

      , President of France
      President of the French Republic
      The President of the French Republic colloquially referred to in English as the President of France, is France's elected Head of State....

       (1981–1995)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Édith Cresson
        Édith Cresson
        Édith Cresson is a French politician. She was the first and so far only woman to have held the office of Prime Minister of France.- French Prime Minister :Cresson was appointed to the prime ministerial post by President François Mitterrand on 15 May 1991...

        , Prime Minister of France (1991–1992)
      2. Pierre Bérégovoy
        Pierre Bérégovoy
        Pierre Eugène Bérégovoy was a French Socialist politician. He served as Prime Minister under François Mitterrand from 1992 to 1993.-Early career:...

        , Prime Minister of France (1992–1993) Georgia
        Georgia (country)
        Georgia is a sovereign state in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the southwest by Turkey, to the south by Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. The capital of...

    • Head of State -
      1. Zviad Gamsakhurdia
        Zviad Gamsakhurdia
        Zviad Gamsakhurdia was a dissident, scientist and writer, who became the first democratically elected President of the Republic of Georgia in the post-Soviet era...

        , President of Georgia
        President of Georgia
        The President of Georgia is the head of state, supreme commander-in-chief and holder of the highest office within the Government of Georgia. Executive power is split between the President and the Prime Minister, who is the head of government...

         (1990–1992)
      2. Tengiz Kitovani
        Tengiz Kitovani
        Tengiz Kitovani is a retired Georgian politician and military commander with high-profile involvement in the Georgian Civil War early in the 1990s when he commanded the National Guard of Georgia and served as a Defense Minister until being gradually sidelined by Eduard Shevardnadze who had...

         and Jaba Ioseliani
        Jaba Ioseliani
        Jaba Ioseliani was a Georgian politician, bank robber and leader of the paramilitary Mkhedrioni organisation....

        , co-leaders of the Military Council of Georgia
        President of Georgia
        The President of Georgia is the head of state, supreme commander-in-chief and holder of the highest office within the Government of Georgia. Executive power is split between the President and the Prime Minister, who is the head of government...

         (1992)
      3. Eduard Shevardnadze
        Eduard Shevardnadze
        Eduard Shevardnadze is a former Soviet, and later, Georgian statesman from the height to the end of the Cold War. He served as President of Georgia from 1995 to 2003, and as First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party , from 1972 to 1985. Shevardnadze was responsible for many top decisions on...

        , Chairman of the State Council of Georgia
        President of Georgia
        The President of Georgia is the head of state, supreme commander-in-chief and holder of the highest office within the Government of Georgia. Executive power is split between the President and the Prime Minister, who is the head of government...

         (1992–2003)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Bessarion Gugushvili
        Bessarion Gugushvili
        Besarion Gugushvili is a Georgian politician and a former Prime Minister of the country.Gugushvili was appointed prime minister, on August 26, 1991, after Tengiz Sigua resigned in August 1991. The closest associate of Georgia’s former President Zviad Gamsakhurdia, he followed him into exile after...

        , Prime Minister of Georgia
        Prime Minister of Georgia
        The Prime Minister of Georgia is the most senior minister within the Cabinet of Georgia, appointed by the President of Georgia. The official title of the Head of the Government of Georgia has varied throughout history, however, the duties and functions of the leader have changed only marginally....

         (1991–1992)
      2. Tengiz Sigua
        Tengiz Sigua
        Tengiz Sigua is a Georgian politician and former Prime Minister of the country.Sigua was an engineer by profession and entered politics on the eve of the Soviet Union’s collapse. In 1990, he headed the Rustaveli Society of All Georgia and led an expert group of the bloc “Round Table-Free Georgia”...

        , Prime Minister of Georgia
        Prime Minister of Georgia
        The Prime Minister of Georgia is the most senior minister within the Cabinet of Georgia, appointed by the President of Georgia. The official title of the Head of the Government of Georgia has varied throughout history, however, the duties and functions of the leader have changed only marginally....

         (1992–1993)
    •  Abkhazia (unrecognized secessionist state)
      • declared independence on 23 July 1992
      • Head of State - Vladislav Ardzinba
        Vladislav Ardzinba
        Vladislav Grigori-ipa Ardzinba was the first President of Abkhazia. A historian by education, Ardzinba led Abkhazia to de facto independence in the 1992-1993 War with Georgia, but its de jure independence from Georgia remained internationally unrecognised during Ardzinba's two terms as President...

        , Chairman of the parliament of Abkhazia (1990–2005)
      • Prime Minister - Vazha Zarandia
        Vazha Zarandia
        Vazha Zarandia was the first Prime Minister of the internationally unrecognised Republic of Abkhazia from 1992 to 1993.-References:...

        , Prime Minister of Abkhazia (1992–1993)
    •  South Ossetia (unrecognized secessionist state)
      • Head of State - Torez Kulumbegov
        Torez Kulumbegov
        Torez Georgievich Kulumbegov , was a political leader of South Ossetia, a former Soviet Autonomous Oblast which unilaterally elevated its status to Republic in 1990 and declared its independence from Georgia in 1991. Kulumbegov ruled as chairman of the Presidium of the South Ossetian Supreme...

        , Chairman of the Supreme Council of South Ossetia
        President of South Ossetia
        The President of the Republic of South Ossetia is the de facto head of state of the partially recognized Republic of South Ossetia that is de jure part of Georgia...

         (1991–1993)
      • Prime Minister - Oleg Tziyev, Prime Minister of South Ossetia
        Prime Minister of South Ossetia
        The Prime Minister of South Ossetia is the head of government of the Republic of South Ossetia.-List of Prime Ministers of the Republic of South Ossetia :-Sources: * Osinform:...

         (1991–1993)
  •  Germany
    • President - Richard von Weizsäcker
      Richard von Weizsäcker
      Richard Karl Freiherr von Weizsäcker , known as Richard von Weizsäcker, is a German politician . He served as Governing Mayor of West Berlin from 1981 to 1984, and as President of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1984 to 1994...

      , Federal President of Germany
      President of Germany
      The President of the Federal Republic of Germany is the country's head of state. His official title in German is Bundespräsident . Germany has a parliamentary system of government and so the position of President is largely ceremonial...

       (1984–1994)
    • Chancellor - Helmut Kohl
      Helmut Kohl
      Helmut Josef Michael Kohl is a German conservative politician and statesman. He was Chancellor of Germany from 1982 to 1998 and the chairman of the Christian Democratic Union from 1973 to 1998...

      , Federal Chancellor of Germany (1982–1998)
  •  Greece
  •  Hungary
    • President - Árpád Göncz
      Árpád Göncz
      Árpád Göncz is a Hungarian liberal politician and former President of Hungary . Göncz played a role in the Hungarian Revolution of 1956...

      , President of Hungary
      Heads of state of Hungary
      -Hungarian Revolution of 1848:Parties-Hungarian Democratic Republic :Parties-Hungarian Soviet Republic :Parties-Romanian Occupation :Parties-Kingdom of Hungary :...

       (1990–2000)
    • Prime Minister - József Antall
      József Antall
      József Antall was the first democratically-elected Prime Minister of Hungary after the fall of Communism , teacher, librarian, historian and political figure...

      , Prime Minister of Hungary (1990–1993)
  •  Iceland
    • President - Vigdís Finnbogadóttir
      Vigdís Finnbogadóttir
      Vigdís Finnbogadóttir is an Icelandic politician who served as the fourth President of Iceland from 1980 to 1996. In addition to being both Iceland's and Europe's first female president, she was the world's first democratically elected female head of state...

      , President of Iceland
      President of Iceland
      The President of Iceland is Iceland's elected head of state. The president is elected to a four-year term by universal adult suffrage and has limited powers. The president is not the head of government; the Prime Minister of Iceland is the head of government. There have been five presidents since...

       (1980–1996)
    • Prime Minister - Davíð Oddsson
      Davíð Oddsson
      Davíð Oddsson is an Icelandic politician and the longest-serving Prime Minister of Iceland, holding office from 1991 to 2004. He also served as Foreign Minister from 2004 to 2005. Previously, he was Mayor of Reykjavík from 1982 to 1991, and he chaired the board of governors of the Central Bank of...

      , Prime Minister of Iceland
      Prime Minister of Iceland
      The Prime Minister of Iceland is Iceland's head of government. The prime minister is appointed formally by the President and exercises executive authority along with the cabinet subject to parliamentary support....

       (1991–2004) Ireland
      Republic of Ireland
      Ireland , described as the Republic of Ireland , is a sovereign state in Europe occupying approximately five-sixths of the island of the same name. Its capital is Dublin. Ireland, which had a population of 4.58 million in 2011, is a constitutional republic governed as a parliamentary democracy,...

    • President - Mary Robinson
      Mary Robinson
      Mary Therese Winifred Robinson served as the seventh, and first female, President of Ireland from 1990 to 1997, and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, from 1997 to 2002. She first rose to prominence as an academic, barrister, campaigner and member of the Irish Senate...

      , President of Ireland
      President of Ireland
      The President of Ireland is the head of state of Ireland. The President is usually directly elected by the people for seven years, and can be elected for a maximum of two terms. The presidency is largely a ceremonial office, but the President does exercise certain limited powers with absolute...

       (1990–1997)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Charles Haughey
        Charles Haughey
        Charles James "Charlie" Haughey was Taoiseach of Ireland, serving three terms in office . He was also the fourth leader of Fianna Fáil...

        , Taoiseach of Ireland
        Taoiseach
        The Taoiseach is the head of government or prime minister of Ireland. The Taoiseach is appointed by the President upon the nomination of Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Oireachtas , and must, in order to remain in office, retain the support of a majority in the Dáil.The current Taoiseach is...

         (1987–1992)
      2. Albert Reynolds
        Albert Reynolds
        Albert Reynolds , served as Taoiseach of Ireland, serving one term in office from 1992 until 1994. He has been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize...

        , Taoiseach of Ireland
        Taoiseach
        The Taoiseach is the head of government or prime minister of Ireland. The Taoiseach is appointed by the President upon the nomination of Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Oireachtas , and must, in order to remain in office, retain the support of a majority in the Dáil.The current Taoiseach is...

         (1992–1994)
  •  Italy
    • President -
      1. Francesco Cossiga
        Francesco Cossiga
        Francesco Cossiga was an Italian politician, the 43rd Prime Minister and the eighth President of the Italian Republic. He was also a professor of constitutional law at the University of Sassari....

        , President of Italy (1985–1992)
      2. Giovanni Spadolini
        Giovanni Spadolini
        Giovanni Spadolini was a liberal Italian politician, the 45th Prime Minister of Italy, newspaper editor, journalist and a noted historian.-Biography:Spadolini was born in Florence....

        , Acting President of Italy (1992)
      3. Oscar Luigi Scalfaro
        Oscar Luigi Scalfaro
        Oscar Luigi Scalfaro , Italian politician and magistrate, was the ninth President of the Italian Republic from 1992 to 1999, and is currently a senator for life...

        , President of Italy (1992–1999)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Giulio Andreotti
        Giulio Andreotti
        Giulio Andreotti is an Italian politician of the now dissolved centrist Christian Democracy party. He served as the 42nd Prime Minister of Italy from 1972 to 1973, from 1976 to 1979 and from 1989 to 1992. He also served as Minister of the Interior , Defense Minister and Foreign Minister and he...

        , President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1989–1992)
      2. Giuliano Amato
        Giuliano Amato
        Giuliano Amato is an Italian politician. He was Prime Minister of Italy twice, first from 1992 to 1993 and then from 2000 to 2001. He was more recently Vice President of the Convention on the Future of Europe that drafted the new European Constitution and headed the Amato Group. He is commonly...

        , President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1992–1993)
  •  Latvia
    • President - Anatolijs Gorbunovs
      Anatolijs Gorbunovs
      Anatolijs Gorbunovs also formerly known as Anatoly Valeryanovich Gorbunov is a Latvian politician who served as the parliamentary speaker during the last years of Soviet regime in Latvia and during the first years after the country regained its independence...

      , President of Latvia (1988–1993)
    • Prime Minister - Ivars Godmanis
      Ivars Godmanis
      Ivars Godmanis is a Latvian politician and currently 1 of the 8 Latvian MEPs in the European parliament. He was the first Prime Minister of Latvia after the country became independent from the Soviet Union, and he became a Prime Minister for the second time in December 2007.Godmanis served as...

      , Prime Minister of Latvia
      Prime Minister of Latvia
      The Prime Minister of Latvia is the most powerful member of the Government of the Republic of Latvia, and presides over the Latvian Cabinet of Ministers...

       (1990–1993)
  •  Liechtenstein
    • Monarch - Hans-Adam II
      Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein
      Hans-Adam II , is the reigning Prince of Liechtenstein. He is the son of Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein and his wife Countess Georgina von Wilczek . He also bears the titles Duke of Troppau and Jägerndorf, Count of Rietberg...

      , Prince of Liechtenstein (1989–present)
    • Prime Minister - Hans Brunhart
      Hans Brunhart
      Hans Brunhart was the Head of Government, foreign minister and finance minister of the principality of Liechtenstein from April 26, 1978 until May 26, 1993. He was a member of the Patriotic Union party , a liberal and social oriented party...

      , Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1978–1993) Lithuania
      Lithuania
      Lithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the biggest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark...

    • Head of State -
      1. Vytautas Landsbergis
        Vytautas Landsbergis
        Professor Vytautas Landsbergis is a Lithuanian conservative politician and Member of the European Parliament. He was the first head of state of Lithuania after its independence declaration from the Soviet Union, and served as the Head of the Lithuanian Parliament Seimas...

        , Chairman of the Supreme Council of Lithuania (1990–1992)
      2. Algirdas Brazauskas
        Algirdas Brazauskas
        Algirdas Mykolas Brazauskas was the first President of a newly independent post-Soviet Union Lithuania from 1993 to 1998 and Prime Minister from 2001 to 2006....

        , President of Lithuania (1992–1998)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Gediminas Vagnorius
        Gediminas Vagnorius
        Gediminas Vagnorius is a Lithuanian politician and signatory of the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania. He served as the Prime Minister of Lithuania between 1991 and 1992, and again from 1996 until 1999....

        , Prime Minister of Lithuania
        Prime Minister of Lithuania
        The Prime Minister of Lithuania is the head of the executive arm of Lithuania's government, and is chosen by the Lithuanian parliament, the Seimas. The modern office of Prime Minister was established in 1990, although the official title was "Chairperson of the Council of Ministers" until 25...

         (1991–1992)
      2. Aleksandras Abišala
        Aleksandras Abišala
        Aleksandras Abišala is a former Lithuanian politician and Prime Minister of Lithuania.He currently runs his own business consulting company called "A. Abišala and Partners".- External links :...

        , Prime Minister of Lithuania
        Prime Minister of Lithuania
        The Prime Minister of Lithuania is the head of the executive arm of Lithuania's government, and is chosen by the Lithuanian parliament, the Seimas. The modern office of Prime Minister was established in 1990, although the official title was "Chairperson of the Council of Ministers" until 25...

         (1992)
      3. Bronislovas Lubys
        Bronislovas Lubys
        Bronislovas Lubys was a Lithuanian entrepreneur, former Prime Minister of Lithuania, signatory of the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania, and businessman....

        , Prime Minister of Lithuania
        Prime Minister of Lithuania
        The Prime Minister of Lithuania is the head of the executive arm of Lithuania's government, and is chosen by the Lithuanian parliament, the Seimas. The modern office of Prime Minister was established in 1990, although the official title was "Chairperson of the Council of Ministers" until 25...

         (1992–1993)
  •  Luxembourg
    • Monarch - Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
      Grand Duke of Luxembourg
      The Grand Duke of Luxembourg is the sovereign monarch and head of state of Luxembourg. Luxembourg has been a grand duchy since 15 March 1815, when it was elevated from a duchy when placed in personal union with the United Kingdom of the Netherlands...

       (1964–2000)
    • Prime Minister - Jacques Santer, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1984–1995)   Macedonia
      Republic of Macedonia
      Macedonia , officially the Republic of Macedonia , is a country located in the central Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. It is one of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, from which it declared independence in 1991...

    • President - Kiro Gligorov
      Kiro Gligorov
      Kiro Gligorov , born May 3, 1917) was the first democratically elected President of the Republic of Macedonia. His son Vladimir Gligorov is the refounder of the Serbian Democratic Party.- Biography :...

      , President of Macedonia
      President of the Republic of Macedonia
      The President of the Republic of Macedonia is the head of state of the Republic of Macedonia. The institution of the Presidency of the modern Republic of Macedonia began after the Macedonian declaration of independence on 8 September 1991. Its first president was Kiro Gligorov, the oldest president...

       (1991–1999)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Nikola Kljusev
        Nikola Kljusev
        Nikola Kljusev was a Macedonian academician and politician. Kljusev served as the first Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia from January 27, 1991 until August 17, 1992, following the country's independence from the former Yugoslavia in 1991.-Early life:Nikola Kljusev was born in Štip,...

        , Prime Minister of Macedonia
        Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia
        The Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia is the head of government of the Republic of Macedonia. He or she is the leader of a political coalition in the Macedonian parliament and the leader of the cabinet...

         (1991–1992)
      2. Branko Crvenkovski
        Branko Crvenkovski
        Branko Crvenkovski leads the Republic of Macedonia's largest opposition party, the Social Democratic Union of Macedonia. He was Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia from 1992 to 1998 and again from 2002 to 2004, then President of the Republic of Macedonia from 2004 to 2009.Crvenkovski was...

        , Prime Minister of Macedonia
        Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia
        The Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia is the head of government of the Republic of Macedonia. He or she is the leader of a political coalition in the Macedonian parliament and the leader of the cabinet...

         (1992–1998)
  •  Malta
    • President - Ċensu Tabone
      Censu Tabone
      Vincent "Ċensu" Tabone was the fourth President of Malta and a former Minister and Nationalist MP.-Early years:Ċensu "Il-King" Tabone is the son of Niccolò and Elisa Tabone, the youngest of ten children. His paternal grandmother, Giuseppina De Gaetani, had settled in Valletta in the mid-19th...

      , President of Malta
      President of Malta
      The President of Malta is the constitutional head of state of Malta.The President is appointed by a resolution of the House of Representatives of Malta for a five year term, taking an oath to "preserve, protect and defend" the Constitution....

       (1989–1994)
    • Prime Minister - Eddie Fenech Adami
      Eddie Fenech Adami
      Edward “Eddie” Fenech Adami is a Maltese politician who was Prime Minister of Malta from 1987 until 1996 and again from 1998 until 2004...

      , Prime Minister of Malta
      Prime Minister of Malta
      The Prime Minister of Malta is the Head of Government of Malta.-Establishment of the office and developments:The office of "Head of Ministry" was created as soon as Malta was granted autonomous government in 1921. The 1921 constitution was suspended twice before being revoked...

       (1987–1996)
  •  Moldova
    • President - Mircea Snegur
      Mircea Snegur
      Mircea Ion Snegur was the first President of Moldova 1990-1996. Before that he was Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet 1989-1990 and Chairman of the Supreme Soviet from 27 April to 3 September 1990...

      , President of Moldova
      President of Moldova
      The President of the Republic of Moldova is the head of state of Moldova.-Description of the post:According to the Article 77 of the Constitution of Moldova , the President of Moldova is the head of the State and represents the State and is the guarantor of national sovereignty, independence, of...

       (1989–1997)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Valeriu Muravschi
        Valeriu Muravschi
        Valeriu Muravschi is a Moldovan politician and businessman who served as Prime Minister of Moldova between 28 May 1991 and 1 July 1992.-Early life and career:...

        , Prime Minister of Moldova (1991–1992)
      2. Andrei Sangheli
        Andrei Sangheli
        Andrei Sangheli is a Moldovan politician.-References:...

        , Prime Minister of Moldova (1992–1997)
    • Gagauzia
      Gagauzia
      Gagauzia , formally known as the Autonomous Territorial Unit of Găgăuzia , is an autonomous region of...

       (unrecognized secessionist state)
      • President - Stepan Topal
        Stepan Topal
        Stepan Mikhailovich Topal is a Gagauz politician from Moldova. From 1990 to 1995 he served as Governor of Gagauzia.-Leader of Gagauzia's separatist movement:By training, Topal is a road engineer...

        , President of Gagauzia (1990–1995)
    •  Transnistria (unrecognized secessionist state)
      • President - Igor Smirnov
        Igor Smirnov
        Igor Nikolaevich Smirnov , is the President of the internationally unrecognized Pridnestrovian Moldovan Republic, also known as Transnistria. He has held this post since 1990.- Childhood :...

        , President of Transnistria
        President of Transnistria
        The President of Transnistria is the highest elected official of Transnistria, a small unrecognized country which declared independence from Moldova in 1990. The president of the republic is the country's head of state and is commander in chief...

         (1990–present)
  •  Monaco
    • Monarch - Rainier III
      Rainier III, Prince of Monaco
      Rainier III, Prince of Monaco , styled His Serene Highness The Sovereign Prince of Monaco, ruled the Principality of Monaco for almost 56 years, making him one of the longest ruling monarchs of the 20th century.Though he was best known outside of Europe for having married American...

      , Prince of Monaco
      Prince of Monaco
      The Reigning Prince or Princess of Monaco is the sovereign monarch and head of state of the Principality of Monaco. All Princes or Princesses thus far have taken the name of the House of Grimaldi, but have belonged to various other houses in male line...

       (1949–2005)
    • Head of Government - Jaques Dupont
      Jaques Dupont
      - Jaques Dupont :Jaques Dupont was an ex-minister of state for Monaco. He served between 1991 and 1994. He was born in 1929 and died in 2002.-References:...

      , Minister of State of Monaco
      Minister of State (Monaco)
      The Minister of State is the head of the government of Monaco, though he is appointed by and subordinate to the Prince or Princess of Monaco. During his term, he is responsible for leading the government's action and is in charge of foreign relations...

       (1991–1994) Kingdom of the Netherlands
      Kingdom of the Netherlands
      The Kingdom of the Netherlands is a sovereign state and constitutional monarchy with territory in Western Europe and in the Caribbean. The four parts of the Kingdom—Aruba, Curaçao, the Netherlands, and Sint Maarten—are referred to as "countries", and participate on a basis of equality...

    • Monarch - Beatrix
      Beatrix of the Netherlands
      Beatrix is the Queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands comprising the Netherlands, Curaçao, Sint Maarten, and Aruba. She is the first daughter of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands and Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld. She studied law at Leiden University...

      , Queen of the Netherlands (1980–present)
    •  Netherlands (constituent country)
      • Prime Minister - Ruud Lubbers
        Ruud Lubbers
        Rudolphus Franciscus Marie "Ruud" Lubbers is a retired Dutch politician of the Christian Democratic Appeal . He served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from November 4, 1982 until August 22, 1994....

        , Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1982–1994)
    •  Netherlands Antilles (constituent country)
      • see under North America
    •  Aruba (constituent country)
      • see under North America
  •  Norway
    • Monarch - Harald V
      Harald V of Norway
      Harald V is the king of Norway. He succeeded to the throne of Norway upon the death of his father Olav V on 17 January 1991...

      , King of Norway (1991–present)
    • Prime Minister - Gro Harlem Brundtland
      Gro Harlem Brundtland
      Gro Harlem Brundtland is a Norwegian Social democratic politician, diplomat, and physician, and an international leader in sustainable development and public health. She served three terms as Prime Minister of Norway , and has served as the Director General of the World Health Organization...

      , Prime Minister of Norway
      Heads of government of Norway
      This is a list of heads of government of Norway, who held, inter alia, offices and titles such as steward , viceroy , first minister and prime minister ....

       (1990–1996)
  •  Poland
    • President - Lech Wałęsa
      Lech Wałęsa
      Lech Wałęsa is a Polish politician, trade-union organizer, and human-rights activist. A charismatic leader, he co-founded Solidarity , the Soviet bloc's first independent trade union, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983, and served as President of Poland between 1990 and 95.Wałęsa was an electrician...

      , President of Poland (1990–1995)
    • Premier -
      1. Jan Olszewski
        Jan Olszewski
        Jan Ferdynand Olszewski is a Polish lawyer and political figure. He is best known for serving as Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland from 1991 to 1992....

        , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland
        Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland
        The Prime Minister of Poland heads the Polish Council of Ministers and directs their work, supervises territorial self-government within the guidelines and in ways described in the Constitution and other legislation, and acts as the superior for all government administration workers...

         (1991–1992)
      2. Waldemar Pawlak
        Waldemar Pawlak
        Waldemar Pawlak is a Polish politician. He twice served as Prime Minister of Poland, briefly in 1992 and again from 1993 to 1995. Since November 2007, he has been Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Economy. Pawlak is the only person who held the office of Prime Minister twice during the...

        , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland
        Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland
        The Prime Minister of Poland heads the Polish Council of Ministers and directs their work, supervises territorial self-government within the guidelines and in ways described in the Constitution and other legislation, and acts as the superior for all government administration workers...

         (1992)
      3. Hanna Suchocka
        Hanna Suchocka
        Hanna Suchocka is a Polish political figure. She served as the prime minister of Poland between 11 July 1992 and 26 October 1993 under the presidency of Lech Wałęsa. She is the first woman to hold this post in Poland and 19th in the world.Suchocka is a specialist in Constitutional Law...

        , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland
        Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland
        The Prime Minister of Poland heads the Polish Council of Ministers and directs their work, supervises territorial self-government within the guidelines and in ways described in the Constitution and other legislation, and acts as the superior for all government administration workers...

         (1992–1993)
  •  Portugal
    • President - Mário Soares
      Mário Soares
      Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares, GColTE, GCC, GColL, KE , Portuguese politician, served as Prime Minister of Portugal from 1976 to 1978 and from 1983 to 1985, and subsequently as the 17th President of Portugal from 1986 to 1996.-Family:...

      , President of Portugal (1986–1996)
    • Prime Minister - Aníbal Cavaco Silva
      Aníbal Cavaco Silva
      Aníbal António Cavaco Silva, GCC , is the President of Portugal. He won the Portuguese presidential election on 22 January 2006 and was re-elected on 23 January 2011, for a second five-year term. Cavaco Silva was sworn in on 9 March 2006....

      , Prime Minister of Portugal (1985–1995)
  •  Kingdom of Romania
    • President - Ion Iliescu
      Ion Iliescu
      Ion Iliescu served as President of Romania from 1990 until 1996, and from 2000 until 2004. From 1996 to 2000 and from 2004 until his retirement in 2008, Iliescu was a Senator for the Social Democratic Party , whose honorary president he remains....

      , President of Romania (1989–1996)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Theodor Stolojan
        Theodor Stolojan
        Theodor Dumitru Stolojan is a Romanian politician. An economist by training, he is a leader of the Democratic-Liberal Party. He previously served as Prime minister of Romania from September 1991 to November 1992. He and his wife Elena have a son, Vlad Stolojan, and a daughter, Ada Palea...

        , Prime Minister of Romania (1991–1992)
      2. Nicolae Văcăroiu
        Nicolae Vacaroiu
        Nicolae Văcăroiu is a Romanian politician, member of the Social Democratic Party, who served as Prime Minister between 1992 and 1996. Before the 1989 Revolution he worked at the Committee for State Planning, together with Theodor Stolojan....

        , Prime Minister of Romania (1992–1996) Russia
        Russia
        Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...

    • President - Boris Yeltsin
      Boris Yeltsin
      Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin was the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999.Originally a supporter of Mikhail Gorbachev, Yeltsin emerged under the perestroika reforms as one of Gorbachev's most powerful political opponents. On 29 May 1990 he was elected the chairman of...

      , President of Russia (1990–1999)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Boris Yeltsin
        Boris Yeltsin
        Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin was the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999.Originally a supporter of Mikhail Gorbachev, Yeltsin emerged under the perestroika reforms as one of Gorbachev's most powerful political opponents. On 29 May 1990 he was elected the chairman of...

        , Chairman of the Government of Russia
        Prime Minister of Russia
        The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation The use of the term "Prime Minister" is strictly informal and is not allowed for by the Russian Constitution and other laws....

         (1991–1992)
      2. Yegor Gaidar
        Yegor Gaidar
        Yegor Timurovich Gaidar was a Soviet and Russian economist, politician and author, and was the Acting Prime Minister of Russia from 15 June 1992 to 14 December 1992....

        , Acting Chairman of the Government of Russia
        Prime Minister of Russia
        The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation The use of the term "Prime Minister" is strictly informal and is not allowed for by the Russian Constitution and other laws....

         (1992)
      3. Viktor Chernomyrdin
        Viktor Chernomyrdin
        Viktor Stepanovich Chernomyrdin was the founder and the first chairman of the Gazprom energy company, the longest serving Prime Minister of Russia and Acting President of Russia for a day in 1996. He was a key figure in Russian politics in the 1990s, and a great contributor to the Russian...

        , Chairman of the Government of Russia
        Prime Minister of Russia
        The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation The use of the term "Prime Minister" is strictly informal and is not allowed for by the Russian Constitution and other laws....

         (1992–1998)
    •  Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (unrecognized secessionist state)
      • President - Dzhokhar Dudayev, President of Ichkeria
        President of Ichkeria
        This is a list of Presidents of the unrecognised Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, a pro-independence movement that controlled most of Chechnya from 1991 to 1999...

         (1991–1996)
  •  San Marino
    • Captains Regent -
      1. Edda Ceccoli
        Edda Ceccoli
        Edda Ceccoli was Captain Regent of San Marino from 1 October 1991 to 1 April 1992. She served as co-Regent with Marino Riccardi. She has been elected to two 5 year terms in the Great and Good Council. She is a member of Partito Democratico Cristano SammarineseFrom 2000-02 she was Particular...

         and Marino Riccardi
        Marino Riccardi
        Marino Riccardi is a politician from the nation of San Marino. He is a member of the Party of Democrats. He has been a captain-regent twice, from October 1991 to April 1992 and from April 2004 until October 2004.-References:...

        , Captains Regent of San Marino (1991–1992)
      2. Germano De Biagi and Ernesto Benedettini
        Ernesto Benedettini
        Ernesto Benedettini is a politician of San Marino. He was Captain Regent of San Marino for the term from 1 October 2008 to April 2009 together with Assunta Meloni...

        , Captains Regent of San Marino (1992)
      3. Romeo Morri and Marino Zanotti, Captains Regent of San Marino (1992–1993)
  •  Slovenia
    • President - Milan Kučan
      Milan Kucan
      Milan Kučan is a Slovenian politician and statesman. He was the first President of Slovenia.-Early life and political beginnings:...

      , President of Slovenia
      President of Slovenia
      The function of President of the Republic of Slovenia was established on 23 December 1991, when the National Assembly of Slovenia passed a new constitution as a result of independence from Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia....

       (1990–2002)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Lojze Peterle
        Lojze Peterle
        Alojz "Lojze" Peterle is a Slovenian politician. He was the leader of the Slovene Christian Democrats from the founding of the party in 1990 until it merged with the Slovenian People's Party in 2000. Between 1990 and 1992, he was the president of the first freely elected Slovenian government, and...

        , Prime Minister of Slovenia
        Prime Minister of Slovenia
        There have been six Prime Ministers of Slovenia since that country gained its independence in the breakup of Yugoslavia. Unlike the President of Slovenia, who is directly elected, the Prime Minister is appointed by the National Assembly, and must control a majority there in order to...

         (1990–1992)
      2. Janez Drnovšek
        Janez Drnovšek
        Janez Drnovšek was a Slovenian liberal politician, President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia , Prime Minister of Slovenia and President of Slovenia . He was born in Celje, Slovenia, then the Socialist Republic of Slovenia...

        , Prime Minister of Slovenia
        Prime Minister of Slovenia
        There have been six Prime Ministers of Slovenia since that country gained its independence in the breakup of Yugoslavia. Unlike the President of Slovenia, who is directly elected, the Prime Minister is appointed by the National Assembly, and must control a majority there in order to...

         (1992–2000)
  •  Spain
    • Monarch - Juan Carlos I
      Juan Carlos I of Spain
      Juan Carlos I |Italy]]) is the reigning King of Spain.On 22 November 1975, two days after the death of General Francisco Franco, Juan Carlos was designated king according to the law of succession promulgated by Franco. Spain had no monarch for 38 years in 1969 when Franco named Juan Carlos as the...

      , King of Spain (1975–present)
    • Prime Minister - Felipe González
      Felipe González
      Felipe González Márquez is a Spanish socialist politician. He was the General Secretary of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party from 1974 to 1997. To date, he remains the longest-serving Prime Minister of Spain, after having served four successive mandates from 1982 to 1996.-Early life:Felipe was...

      , President of the Government of Spain
      Prime Minister of Spain
      The President of the Government of Spain , sometimes known in English as the Prime Minister of Spain, is the head of Government of Spain. The current office is established under the Constitution of 1978...

       (1982–1996)
  •  Sweden
    • Monarch - Carl XVI Gustaf
      Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden
      Carl XVI Gustaf is the reigning King of Sweden since 15 September 1973, succeeding his grandfather King Gustaf VI Adolf because his father had predeceased him...

      , King of Sweden (1973–present)
    • Prime Minister - Carl Bildt
      Carl Bildt
      , Honorary KCMG is a Swedish politician, diplomat and nobleman. Formerly Prime Minister of Sweden from 1991 to 1994 and leader of the liberal conservative Moderate Party from 1986 to 1999, Bildt has served as Swedish Minister for Foreign Affairs since 6 October 2006...

      , Prime Minister of Sweden
      Prime Minister of Sweden
      The Prime Minister is the head of government in the Kingdom of Sweden. Before the creation of the office of a Prime Minister in 1876, Sweden did not have a head of government separate from its head of state, namely the King, in whom the executive authority was vested...

       (1991–1994)
  •  Switzerland
    • Swiss Federal Council
      Swiss Federal Council
      The Federal Council is the seven-member executive council which constitutes the federal government of Switzerland and serves as the Swiss collective head of state....

      :
      René Felber
      René Felber
      René Felber is a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council .Born 1933 in Bienne, Felber was a teacher in Boudevilliers and Le Locle . He was mayor of Le Locle from 1964 to 1980 , member of the Cantonal Parliament of Neuchâtel...

       (1987–1993, President), Otto Stich
      Otto Stich
      Otto Stich is a Swiss politician.He was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 7 December 1983 and handed over office on 31 October 1995. He is affiliated to the Social Democratic Party....

       (1983–1995), Jean-Pascal Delamuraz
      Jean-Pascal Delamuraz
      Jean-Pascal Delamuraz was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council ....

       (1983–1998), Arnold Koller
      Arnold Koller
      Arnold Koller is a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council .He was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on December 10, 1986 as a member of the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland from the canton of Appenzell Inner Rhodes...

       (1986–1999), Flavio Cotti
      Flavio Cotti
      Flavio Cotti born in Prato-Sornico on 18 October 1939) is a Swiss politician.He was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 10 December 1986 and handed over office on 30 April 1999...

       (1986–1999), Adolf Ogi
      Adolf Ogi
      Adolf Ogi is a Swiss politician from the village of Kandersteg in the Swiss Alps.He was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 9 December 1987, as member of the Swiss People's Party from the Canton of Berne...

       (1987–2000), Kaspar Villiger
      Kaspar Villiger
      Kaspar Villiger is a Swiss businessman, politician and former member of the Swiss Federal Council . He currently heads Swiss bank UBS.-Political career:On February 1, 1989, he was elected to the Swiss Federal Council...

       (1989–2003)
  •  Ukraine
    • President - Leonid Kravchuk
      Leonid Kravchuk
      Leonid Makarovych Kravchuk is a Ukrainian politician, the first President of Ukraine serving from December 5, 1991 until his resignation on July 19, 1994, a former Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada and People's Deputy of Ukraine serving in the Social Democratic Party of Ukraine faction.After a...

      , President of Ukraine
      President of Ukraine
      Prior to the formation of the modern Ukrainian presidency, the previous Ukrainian head of state office was officially established in exile by Andriy Livytskyi. At first the de facto leader of nation was the president of the Central Rada at early years of the Ukrainian People's Republic, while the...

       (1990–1994)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Vitold Fokin
        Vitold Fokin
        Vitold Pavlovych Fokin , the son of a teacher, was appointed first deputy prime minister of Ukraine in November 1991....

        , Prime Minister of Ukraine
        Prime Minister of Ukraine
        The Prime Minister of Ukraine is Ukraine's head of government presiding over the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, which is the highest body of the executive branch of the Ukrainian government....

         (1990–1992)
      2. Valentyn Symonenko
        Valentyn Symonenko
        Valentyn Symonenko is a Ukrainian statesman. Since late 1996 he has been chairman of the Ukrainian Chamber of commerce.In 1983-1992 he served as mayor of Odessa, then as the First Vice Prime Minister of Ukraine, and for a short period in October 1993, as the Acting Prime Minister of...

        , Acting Prime Minister of Ukraine
        Prime Minister of Ukraine
        The Prime Minister of Ukraine is Ukraine's head of government presiding over the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, which is the highest body of the executive branch of the Ukrainian government....

         (1992)
      3. Leonid Kuchma
        Leonid Kuchma
        Leonid Danylovych Kuchma was the second President of independent Ukraine from 19 July 1994, to 23 January 2005. Kuchma took office after winning the 1994 presidential election against his rival, incumbent Leonid Kravchuk...

        , Prime Minister of Ukraine
        Prime Minister of Ukraine
        The Prime Minister of Ukraine is Ukraine's head of government presiding over the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, which is the highest body of the executive branch of the Ukrainian government....

         (1992–1993)
  •  United Kingdom
    • Monarch - Elizabeth II
      Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
      Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...

      , Queen of the United Kingdom
      British monarchy
      The monarchy of the United Kingdom is the constitutional monarchy of the United Kingdom and its overseas territories. The present monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, has reigned since 6 February 1952. She and her immediate family undertake various official, ceremonial and representational duties...

       (1952–present)
    • Prime Minister - John Major
      John Major
      Sir John Major, is a British Conservative politician, who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1990–1997...

      , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1990–1997)
    •  Guernsey (British Crown dependency
      Crown dependency
      The Crown Dependencies are British possessions of the Crown, as opposed to overseas territories of the United Kingdom. They comprise the Channel Island Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel, and the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea....

      )
      • Lieutenant-Governor - Sir Michael Wilkins
        Michael Wilkins
        Lieutenant General Sir Michael Compton Lockwood Wilkins KCB OBE was a senior Royal Marines officer who became Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey.-Military career:Wilkins joined the Royal Marines in 1951...

        , Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (1990–1994)
      • Bailiff -
        1. Sir Charles Frossard, Bailiff of Guernsey (1982–1992)
        2. Graham Dorey
          Sir Graham Dorey
          Sir Graham Martyn Dorey, born in Guernsey 15 Dec 1932, was the Bailiff of Guernsey from February 1992 to March 1999. The second son of a local grower, Martyn Dorey, he was evacuated to Scotland during world war II...

          , Bailiff of Guernsey (1992–1999)
    •  Jersey (British Crown dependency
      Crown dependency
      The Crown Dependencies are British possessions of the Crown, as opposed to overseas territories of the United Kingdom. They comprise the Channel Island Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel, and the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea....

      )
      • Lieutenant-Governor - Sir John Sutton
        John Sutton (RAF officer)
        Air Marshal Sir John Matthias Dobson Sutton KCB is a former Royal Air Force officer who became Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief at RAF Support Command.-RAF career:...

        , Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey (1990–1995)
      • Bailiff - Sir Peter Crill
        Peter Crill
        Sir Peter Leslie Crill KBE was Bailiff of Jersey from 1986 to 1995.- Early years :Crill attended Victoria College, Jersey between 1932 and 1943...

        , Bailiff of Jersey (1986–1995)
    •  Isle of Man (British Crown dependency
      Crown dependency
      The Crown Dependencies are British possessions of the Crown, as opposed to overseas territories of the United Kingdom. They comprise the Channel Island Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel, and the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea....

      )
      • Lieutenant-Governor - Sir Laurence Jones
        Laurence Jones
        Air Marshal Sir Laurence Alfred Jones KCB AFC RAF was a senior Royal Air Force commander.-RAF career:Educated at Trinity School, Jones joined the Royal Air Force in 1951. He was made Officer Commanding No. 8 Squadron in 1961 and Officer Commanding No. 92 Squadron in 1967...

        , Lieutenant-Governor of Man (1990–1995)
      • Chief minister - Miles Walker
        Miles Walker
        Sir Miles Rawstron Walker CBE LLD is a Manx businessman and politician, who was the first ever Chief Minister of the Isle of Man.-Early life and career:...

        , Chief Minister of the Isle of Man
        Chief Minister of the Isle of Man
        The Chief Minister is the executive head of the Isle of Man Government.The office derives from that of Chairman of the Executive Council. Before 1980 the Executive Council was chaired by the Lieutenant Governor, but thereafter the chairman was elected by Tynwald, the parliament of the Isle of Man...

         (1986–1996)
    •  Gibraltar (British dependent territory)
      • Governor - Sir Derek Reffell
        Derek Reffell
        Admiral Sir Derek Roy Reffell KCB is a former Governor of Gibraltar.-Naval career:Educated at Culford School, Reffell entered the Royal Navy, qualified as a Navigating Officer in 1954 and progressed through the ranks: he commanded the frigate, HMS Sirius, from her launch in 1966, and served as...

        , Governor of Gibraltar
        Governor of Gibraltar
        The Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Gibraltar is the representative of the British monarch in the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. The Governor is appointed by the British Monarch on the advice of the British Government...

         (1989–1993)
      • Chief Minister - Joe Bossano
        Joe Bossano
        Joseph "Joe" John Bossano is a Gibraltarian politician, and the former leader of the Gibraltar Socialist Labour Party. He was Chief Minister of Gibraltar from 25 March 1988 to 17 May 1996. He served as the Leader of the Opposition in the Gibraltar Parliament from its founding in 1978 until April...

        , Chief Minister of Gibraltar
        Chief Minister of Gibraltar
        The Chief Minister of Gibraltar is the leader of the largest party elected to the Gibraltar Parliament, and is formally appointed by the Governor of Gibraltar, representative of the British Crown.-List of Chief Ministers:...

         (1988–1996)
  •  Vatican City
    • Monarch - Pope John Paul II
      Pope John Paul II
      Blessed Pope John Paul II , born Karol Józef Wojtyła , reigned as Pope of the Catholic Church and Sovereign of Vatican City from 16 October 1978 until his death on 2 April 2005, at of age. His was the second-longest documented pontificate, which lasted ; only Pope Pius IX ...

      , Sovereign of the State of the Vatican City (1978–2005)
    • President of the Governorate - Rosalio Lara, President of the Governorate of Vatican City State (1990–1997)
    • Holy See
      Holy See
      The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, in which its Bishop is commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent episcopal see of the Catholic Church, forming the central government of the Church. As such, diplomatically, and in other spheres the Holy See acts and...

      • Secretary of State - Angelo Sodano
        Angelo Sodano
        Angelo Sodano is an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He is the current Dean of the College of Cardinals and former Vatican Secretary of State, having held that post from 1990 to 2006, under both popes John Paul II and Benedict XVI...

        , Cardinal Secretary of State
        Cardinal Secretary of State
        The Cardinal Secretary of State—officially Secretary of State of His Holiness The Pope—presides over the Holy See, usually known as the "Vatican", Secretariat of State, which is the oldest and most important dicastery of the Roman Curia...

         (1990–2006) Yugoslavia -
    • Federal Republic of Yugoslavia established on 27 April 1992 by two constituent republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
      Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
      The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was the Yugoslav state that existed from the abolition of the Yugoslav monarchy until it was dissolved in 1992 amid the Yugoslav Wars. It was a socialist state and a federation made up of six socialist republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,...

    • President -
      1. Branko Kostić
        Branko Kostic
        Branko Kostić was a Montenegrin Serb politician. He served as the President of the Presidency of the Socialist Republic of Montenegro from March 1989 to December 1990, and then as the acting Chairman of the Presidency of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1991 to 1992...

        , Acting Chairman of the Presidency of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1991–1992)
      2. Dobrica Ćosić
        Dobrica Cosic
        Dobrica Ćosić is a Serbian writer, as well as a political and Serb nationalist theorist. He was the first president of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1992 to 1993...

        , President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
        President of Serbia and Montenegro
        The President of Serbia and Montenegro was the head of state of Serbia and Montenegro. From its establishment in 1992 until 2003, when the country was reconstituted as a conferederacy via constitutional reform, the head of state was known as the President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia...

         (1992–1993)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Aleksandar Mitrović
        Aleksandar Mitrović
        Aleksandar Mitrović is a Serbian professional basketball player. He currently plays with the pro club KK Metalac Valjevo.-Personal Life:...

        , Acting President of the Federal Executive Council of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
        Prime Minister of Yugoslavia
        The Prime Minister or the President of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia was the head of government of the Yugoslav state, from the creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1918 until the end of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1992.-Kingdom of...

         (1991–1992)
      2. Milan Panić
        Milan Panic
        Milan Panić or Milan Panic is a Serbian American multimillionaire, a Newport Beach and Pasadena, California-based business tycoon. He served as Prime Minister of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1992-1993...

        , Prime Minister of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
        Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro
        The Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro was the head of government of Serbia and Montenegro from its establishment in 1992 up until the state's dissolution in 2006...

         (1992–1993)
    •   Republic of Kosova
      Republic of Kosova
      The Republic of Kosova was an secessionist state proclaimed in 1991 by a parallel parliament representing the Albanian population of Kosovo, recognized only by the Republic of Albania...

       (unrecognized secessionist state)
      • President - Ibrahim Rugova
        Ibrahim Rugova
        Ibrahim Rugova was an Albanian politician who was the first President of Kosovo and of its leading political party, the Democratic League of Kosovo ....

        , President of the Republic of Kosova (1992–2000)
      • Prime Minister - Bujar Bukoshi
        Bujar Bukoshi
        Bujar Bukoshi was the Minister of Healthcare in Kosovo in the first government of Hashim Thaci. Previously, he served as Prime Minister of Kosovo within the self-proclaimed Republic of Kosova from 1991 to 2000. He graduated from the University of Belgrade's Medical School.-Notes:...

        , Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosova (1991–2000)

North America

(British dependent territory)
    • Governor -
      1. Brian G.J. Canty, Governor of Anguilla
        Governor of Anguilla
        The Governor of Anguilla is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Anguilla. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...

         (1989–1992)
      2. Alan Shave, Governor of Anguilla
        Governor of Anguilla
        The Governor of Anguilla is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Anguilla. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...

         (1992–1995)
    • Chief Minister - Emile Gumbs
      Emile Gumbs
      Sir Emile Gumbs is a politician from Anguilla. He served as the island territory's Chief Minister from 1 February 1977 to May 1980 and again from 12 March 1984 to 16 March 1994. He is the only person from Anguilla to have been knighted.-References:...

      , Chief Minister of Anguilla
      Chief Minister of Anguilla
      -List of Chief Ministers of Anguilla:...

       (1984–1994)
  •  Antigua and Barbuda
    • Monarch - Elizabeth II
      Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
      Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...

      , Queen of Antigua and Barbuda
      Monarch of Antigua and Barbuda
      Antigua and Barbuda is a constitutional monarchy and a Commonwealth realm, with Queen Elizabeth II as its reigning monarch since November 1, 1981...

       (1981–present)
    • Governor-General - Sir Wilfred Jacobs
      Wilfred Jacobs
      Sir Wilfred Ebenezer Jacobs was the first Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda. He held this position from 1 November 1981 to 10 June 1993. He was replaced by James Carlisle. He was also the governor of Antigua and Barbuda from 1967 until that country gained independence in 1981 and he became...

      , Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (1967–1993)
    • Prime Minister - Vere Bird
      Vere Bird
      Sir Vere Cornwall Bird Sr. was the first Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda. His son, Lester Bryant Bird, succeeded him as Prime Minister. In 1994 he was declared a national hero....

      , Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (1976–1994) (constituent country
      Constituent country
      Constituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity. The term constituent country does not have any defined legal meaning, and is used simply to refer to a country which is a part Constituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts...

       of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
      Kingdom of the Netherlands
      The Kingdom of the Netherlands is a sovereign state and constitutional monarchy with territory in Western Europe and in the Caribbean. The four parts of the Kingdom—Aruba, Curaçao, the Netherlands, and Sint Maarten—are referred to as "countries", and participate on a basis of equality...

      )
    • Governor -
      1. Felipe Tromp
        Felipe Tromp
        Felipe B. Tromp was the first Governor of Aruba after Aruba received a status aparte within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. He served one term of six years as governor from 1 January 1986 until 12 March 1992. He was succeeded by Olindo Koolman....

        , Governor of Aruba
        Governor of Aruba
        The Governor of Aruba is the representative on Aruba of the Dutch head of state . The governors duties are twofold: he represents and guards the general interests of the Kingdom and is head of the Aruban Government. He is accountable to the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. As the head...

         (1986–1992)
      2. Olindo Koolman
        Olindo Koolman
        Olindo Koolman was the second Governor of Aruba and served two terms of six years as governor from 12 March 1992 until 11 May 2004.-References:...

        , Governor of Aruba
        Governor of Aruba
        The Governor of Aruba is the representative on Aruba of the Dutch head of state . The governors duties are twofold: he represents and guards the general interests of the Kingdom and is head of the Aruban Government. He is accountable to the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. As the head...

         (1992–2004)
    • Prime Minister - Nelson Oduber, Prime Minister of Aruba
      Prime Minister of Aruba
      The Prime Minister of Aruba is Aruba's head of government. Together with Aruba's Council of Ministers, they form the executive branch of Aruban government.-List of Prime Ministers of Aruba:...

       (1989–1994)
  •  The Bahamas
    • Monarch - Elizabeth II
      Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
      Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...

      , Queen of the Bahamas (1973–present)
    • Governor-General -
      1. Sir Henry Milton Taylor
        Henry Milton Taylor
        Sir Henry Milton Taylor was the third Governor-General of the Bahamas.-Biography:Sir Henry, the adopted son of Joseph J. Taylor and Evelyn Taylor, was born on 4 November 1903, at Clarence Town, Long Island. He attended the government school on Long Island and took correspondence courses from London...

        , Governor-General of the Bahamas (1988–1992)
      2. Sir Clifford Darling
        Clifford Darling
        Sir Clifford Darling GCVO was the fourth Governor-General of the Bahamas from 1992 until his retirement on January 2, 1995. Prior to this, he was a Senator from 1964–67, Deputy Speaker of the House of Assembly from 1967-69, Minister of: State in 1969, Labour and Welfare in 1971 and Labour and...

        , Governor-General of the Bahamas (1992–1995)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Sir Lynden Pindling
        Lynden Pindling
        Sir Lynden Oscar Pindling KCMG, OM, JP , is generally regarded as the "Father of the Nation" of the Bahamas, having led it to Majority Rule on 10 January 1967 and then to independence on 10 July 1973. He served as the first black premier of the Colony of the Bahama Islands from 1967 to 1969 and as...

        , Prime Minister of the Bahamas (1967–1992)
      2. Hubert Ingraham
        Hubert Ingraham
        Hubert Alexander Ingraham is the Prime Minister of the Bahamas. He first served as Prime Minister from August 1992 until May 2002 and became Prime Minister again in 2007. He is a member of the Free National Movement Party . The Rt. Hon. Hubert A...

        , Prime Minister of the Bahamas (1992–2002)
  •  Barbados
    • Monarch - Elizabeth II
      Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
      Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...

      , Queen of Barbados (1966–present)
    • Governor-General - Dame Nita Barrow, Governor-General of Barbados (1990–1995)
    • Prime Minister - Lloyd Erskine Sandiford
      Lloyd Erskine Sandiford
      Sir Lloyd Erskine Sandiford, KA is a Barbadian politician. He served as the fourth Prime Minister of Barbados from 1987 to 1994....

      , Prime Minister of Barbados (1987–1994)
  •  Belize
    • Monarch - Elizabeth II
      Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
      Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...

      , Queen of Belize (1981–present)
    • Governor-General - Dame Elmira Minita Gordon
      Elmira Minita Gordon
      Dame Elmira Minita Gordon, GCMG, GCVO was Governor-General of Belize from its independence in 1981 to 1993. She was the first woman in a Commonwealth Realm to assume the position of Governor General. As Governor General she also held the title of Patron to the Scout Association of Belize and the...

      , Governor-General of Belize (1981–1993)
    • Prime Minister - George Cadle Price
      George Cadle Price
      George Cadle Price PC was the first Prime Minister of Belize and is considered to have been one of the principal architects of the country's independence, and is today referred to by many as "the Father of the Nation"....

      , Prime Minister of Belize (1989–1993) Bermuda
      Bermuda
      Bermuda is a British overseas territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. Located off the east coast of the United States, its nearest landmass is Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, about to the west-northwest. It is about south of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, and northeast of Miami, Florida...

       (British dependent territory)
    • Governor -
      1. Sir Desmond Langley
        Desmond Langley
        Major-General Sir Henry Desmond Allen Langley KCVO MBE was Major-General Commanding the Household Division and General Officer Commanding London District.-Military career:...

        , Governor of Bermuda
        Governor of Bermuda
        The Governor of Bermuda is the representative of the British monarch in the British overseas territory of Bermuda. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...

         (1988–1992)
      2. David Waddington, Baron Waddington
        David Waddington, Baron Waddington
        David Charles Waddington, Baron Waddington, GCVO, DL, QC, PC , is a British politician. A member of the Conservative Party, he served as a Member of Parliament in the House of Commons from 1968 to 1990, and was then made a life peer...

        , Governor of Bermuda
        Governor of Bermuda
        The Governor of Bermuda is the representative of the British monarch in the British overseas territory of Bermuda. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...

         (1992–1997)
    • Premier - Sir John Swan, Premier of Bermuda (1982–1995) (British dependent territory)
    • Governor - Peter Alfred Penfold, Governor of the British Virgin Islands
      Governor of the British Virgin Islands
      The Governor of the British Virgin Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of British Virgin Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...

       (1991–1995)
    • Chief Minister - Lavity Stoutt
      Lavity Stoutt
      Hamilton Lavity Stoutt was the first and longest serving Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands, winning four general elections and serving three non-consecutive terms of office from 1967 to 1971, again from 1981 to 1983 and again from 1986 until his death in 1995.Since Stoutt's death in...

      , Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands (1986–1995)
  •  Canada
    • Monarch - Elizabeth II
      Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
      Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...

      , Queen of Canada
      Style of the Canadian sovereign
      The title and style of the Canadian sovereign is the formal mode of address of the monarch of Canada. The form is based on those that were inherited from the United Kingdom and France, used in the colonies to refer to the reigning monarch in Europe...

       (1952–present)
    • Governor General - Ray Hnatyshyn
      Ray Hnatyshyn
      Ramon John Hnatyshyn , commonly known as Ray Hnatyshyn, was a Canadian politician and statesman who served as Governor General of Canada, the 24th since Canadian Confederation....

      , Governor General of Canada (1989–1995)
    • Prime Minister - Brian Mulroney
      Brian Mulroney
      Martin Brian Mulroney, was the 18th Prime Minister of Canada from September 17, 1984, to June 25, 1993 and was leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada from 1983 to 1993. His tenure as Prime Minister was marked by the introduction of major economic reforms, such as the Canada-U.S...

      , Prime Minister of Canada (1984–1993) Cayman Islands
      Cayman Islands
      The Cayman Islands is a British Overseas Territory and overseas territory of the European Union located in the western Caribbean Sea. The territory comprises the three islands of Grand Cayman, Cayman Brac, and Little Cayman, located south of Cuba and northwest of Jamaica...

       (British dependent territory)
    • Governor -
      1. Alan James Scott, Governor of the Cayman Islands
        Governor of the Cayman Islands
        The Governor of the Cayman Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of the Cayman Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...

         (1987–1992)
      2. Michael Edward John Gore, Governor of the Cayman Islands
        Governor of the Cayman Islands
        The Governor of the Cayman Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of the Cayman Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...

         (1992–1995)
    • Head of Government - Thomas Jefferson
      Thomas Jefferson (Caymanian politician)
      Thomas C. Jefferson, OBE was a Caymanian politician. He served as Leader of Government Business from 1992 to 1994.Mr...

      , Leader of Government Business of the Cayman Islands
      Leader of Government Business
      The Premier of the Cayman Islands is the political leader and head of government. The post of Premier in the Cayman Islands is the equivalent to Chief Minister or Prime Minister in other British Overseas Territories. It is the highest political level that can be attained within the British colonial...

       (1992–1994)
  •  Costa Rica
    • President - Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier
      Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier
      Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier served as President of Costa Rica from 1990 to 1994. He was the presidential candidate of the Social Christian Unity Party for the national elections held in February 2010, but resigned his candidacy on 5 October 2009, when he was sentenced to five years in prison...

      , President of Costa Rica (1990–1994)
  •  Cuba
    • Communist Party Leader - Fidel Castro
      Fidel Castro
      Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz is a Cuban revolutionary and politician, having held the position of Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and then President from 1976 to 2008. He also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from the party's foundation in 1961 until 2011...

      , First secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba
      Communist Party of Cuba
      The Communist Party of Cuba is the governing political party in Cuba. It is a communist party of the Marxist-Leninist model. The Cuban constitution ascribes the role of the Party to be the "leading force of society and of the state"...

       (1965–2011)
    • President - Fidel Castro
      Fidel Castro
      Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz is a Cuban revolutionary and politician, having held the position of Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and then President from 1976 to 2008. He also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from the party's foundation in 1961 until 2011...

      , President of the Council of State of Cuba
      President of Cuba
      --209.174.31.28 18:43, 22 November 2011 The President of Cuba is the Head of state of Cuba. According to the Cuban Constitution of 1976, the President is the chief executive of the Council of State of Cuba...

       (1976–2008)
    • Premier - Fidel Castro
      Fidel Castro
      Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz is a Cuban revolutionary and politician, having held the position of Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and then President from 1976 to 2008. He also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from the party's foundation in 1961 until 2011...

      , President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba
      Prime Minister of Cuba
      Prime Minister of Cuba was a position in the government of Cuba. Fidel Castro assumed the position of Prime Minister in 1959 replacing José Miró Cardona....

       (1959–2008)
  •  Dominica
    • President - Sir Clarence Seignoret, President of Dominica (1983–1993)
    • Prime Minister - Dame Eugenia Charles
      Eugenia Charles
      Dame Mary Eugenia Charles, DBE was Prime Minister of Dominica from 21 July 1980 until 14 June 1995. She was Dominica's first, and to date only, female prime minister, as well as the nation's longest serving prime minister...

      , Prime Minister of Dominica (1980–1995)
  •  Dominican Republic
    • President - Joaquín Balaguer
      Joaquín Balaguer
      Joaquín Antonio Balaguer Ricardo was the President of the Dominican Republic from 1960 to 1962, from 1966 to 1978, and again from 1986 to 1996.-Early life and introduction to politics:...

      , President of the Dominican Republic (1986–1996)
  •  El Salvador
    • President - Alfredo Cristiani
      Alfredo Cristiani
      Alfredo Félix Cristiani Burkard, popularly known as Alfredo Cristiani was President of El Salvador from 1989 to 1994....

      , President of El Salvador
      President of El Salvador
      This page contains a list of Presidents of El Salvador.-Heads of State of El Salvador within the Federal Republic of Central America :*Pedro Barriere : 21 September 1821 - 28 November 1821*José Matías Delgado : 28 Nov 1821 - 9 February 1823...

       (1989–1994)
  •  Grenada
    • Monarch - Elizabeth II
      Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
      Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...

      , Queen of Grenada (1974–present)
    • Governor-General -
      1. Sir Paul Scoon
        Paul Scoon
        Sir Paul Scoon, GCMG, GCVO, OBE was Governor General of Grenada for 14 years, from 1978 to 1992.-Biography:Sir Paul was born on 4 July 1935 in Gouyave, a town on the west coast of Grenada. He attended St. John's Anglican School and then the Grenada Boys' Secondary School...

        , Governor-General of Grenada (1978–1992)
      2. Sir Reginald Palmer
        Reginald Palmer
        Sir Reginald Oswald Palmer, GCMG was the governor-general of Grenada from 6th August 1992 to 8th August 1996.Beginning his career in education, first as a pupil teacher he went on to become the head teacher of St. George's Roman Catholic School in 1956...

        , Governor-General of Grenada (1992–1996)
    • Prime Minister - Nicholas Brathwaite
      Nicholas Brathwaite
      Sir Nicholas Alexander Brathwaite was the prime minister of Grenada from 1983 to 1984 and from 1990 to 1995.Brathwaite was born in Carriacou, Grenada. Following the 1983 invasion of Grenada, Brathwaite, a member of the National Democratic Congress, was appointed by Governor-General Sir Paul Scoon...

      , Prime Minister of Grenada (1990–1995)
  •  Guatemala
    • President - Jorge Serrano Elías
      Jorge Serrano Elías
      Jorge Antonio Serrano Elías was President of Guatemala from January 14, 1991 to May 31, 1993.-Career:Serrano was born April 26, 1945 in Guatemala City as the son of Jorge Adán Serrano and Rosa Elías...

      , President of Guatemala
      President of Guatemala
      The title of President of Guatemala has been the usual title of the leader of Guatemala since 1839, when that title was assumed by Mariano Rivera Paz...

       (1991–1993)
  •  Haiti
    • President -
      1. Joseph Nérette
        Joseph Nerette
        Joseph Nérette was a Haïtian judge and political figure. He served as the provisional president of Haïti between 1991 and 1992, part of a period in which real political authority rested with the military junta headed by Raoul Cédras and Michel François.He died of lung cancer in Port-au-Prince on...

        , Provisional President of Haiti (1991–1992)
      2. Marc Bazin
        Marc Bazin
        Marc Louis Bazin was a World Bank official, former United Nations functionary and Haïtian Minister of Finance and Economy under the dictatorship of Jean-Claude Duvalier...

        , Acting President of Haiti (1992–1993)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Jean-Jacques Honorat
        Jean-Jacques Honorat
        Jean-Jacques Honorat was named prime minister of Haiti after the 1991 coup. He was sacked by the military-backed government in June 1992 after he failed to get international sanctions against the country lifted.-References:...

        , Prime Minister of Haiti (1991–1992)
      2. Marc Bazin
        Marc Bazin
        Marc Louis Bazin was a World Bank official, former United Nations functionary and Haïtian Minister of Finance and Economy under the dictatorship of Jean-Claude Duvalier...

        , Prime Minister of Haiti (1992–1993)
  •  Honduras
    • President - Rafael Leonardo Callejas Romero
      Rafael Leonardo Callejas Romero
      Rafael Leonardo Callejas Romero was born on 14 November 1943 in Tegucigalpa in Honduras, and was the President of Honduras from 27 January 1990 to 27 January 1994, representing the National Party of Honduras .-Career:...

      , President of Honduras
      President of Honduras
      This page lists the Presidents of Honduras.Colonial Honduras declared its independence from Spain on 15 September 1821. From 5 January 1822 to 1 July 1823, Honduras was part of the First Mexican Empire of Agustín de Iturbide....

       (1990–1994)
  •  Jamaica
    • Monarch - Elizabeth II
      Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
      Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...

      , Queen of Jamaica (1962–present)
    • Governor-General - Sir Howard Cooke
      Howard Cooke
      Sir Howard Felix Hanlan Cooke, ON, GCMG, GCVO, CD, K.St.J was the Governor-General of Jamaica from August 1, 1991 until February 15, 2006 when he became the first governor-general to invest his own successor, Professor Kenneth Octavius Hall...

      , Governor-General of Jamaica
      Governor-General of Jamaica
      The Governor-General of Jamaica represents the Jamaican monarch, and head of state, who holds the title of King or Queen of Jamaica ....

       (1991–2006)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Michael Manley
        Michael Manley
        Michael Norman Manley ON OCC was the fourth Prime Minister of Jamaica . Manley was a democratic socialist....

        , Prime Minister of Jamaica
        Prime Minister of Jamaica
        The Prime Minister of Jamaica is Jamaica's head of government, currently Andrew Holness. Andrew Holness was elected as the new leader of the governing Jamaica Labour Party and succeeded Bruce Golding to become Jamaica's ninth Prime Minister on 23 October 2011...

         (1989–1992)
      2. P. J. Patterson
        P. J. Patterson
        Percival Noel James Patterson, ON, QC, PC, O.E., was the sixth Prime Minister of Jamaica from 1992 to 2006. Until February 2006 he was the leader of the Jamaican People's National Party . The new PNP leader, Portia Simpson-Miller, took over as Prime Minister on 30 March 2006...

        , Prime Minister of Jamaica
        Prime Minister of Jamaica
        The Prime Minister of Jamaica is Jamaica's head of government, currently Andrew Holness. Andrew Holness was elected as the new leader of the governing Jamaica Labour Party and succeeded Bruce Golding to become Jamaica's ninth Prime Minister on 23 October 2011...

         (1992–2006)
  •  Mexico
    • President - Carlos Salinas de Gortari, President of Mexico (1988–1994) Montserrat
      Montserrat
      Montserrat is a British overseas territory located in the Leeward Islands, part of the chain of islands called the Lesser Antilles in the West Indies. This island measures approximately long and wide, giving of coastline...

       (British dependent territory)
    • Governor - David G. P. Taylor
      David G. P. Taylor
      David George Pendleton Taylor CBE was a British businessman and administrator who served as Chief Executive of the Falklands Islands and Governor of Montserrat....

      , Governor of Montserrat
      Governor of Montserrat
      The Governor of Montserrat is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Montserrat. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...

       (1990–1993)
    • Chief Minister - Reuben Meade
      Reuben Meade
      Reuben Theodor Meade is a politician from Montserrat, a veteran lawmaker and the current Premier since 27 September 2011. He served previously as the territory's chief minister from 10 October 1991 to 13 November 1996. His party is called Movement for Change and Prosperity . He previously led the...

      , Chief Minister of Montserrat
      Chief Minister of Montserrat
      The Chief Minister of Montserrat is the head of government of Montserrat, an island in the Caribbean that is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom, appointed by the Governor of Montserrat on behalf of Queen Elizabeth II, Montserrat's head of state. The current Chief Minister of Montserrat is...

       (1991–1996) (constituent country
      Constituent country
      Constituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity. The term constituent country does not have any defined legal meaning, and is used simply to refer to a country which is a part Constituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts...

       of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
      Kingdom of the Netherlands
      The Kingdom of the Netherlands is a sovereign state and constitutional monarchy with territory in Western Europe and in the Caribbean. The four parts of the Kingdom—Aruba, Curaçao, the Netherlands, and Sint Maarten—are referred to as "countries", and participate on a basis of equality...

      )
    • Governor - Jaime Saleh, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles
      Governor of the Netherlands Antilles
      The Governor of the Netherlands Antilles was the representative of the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the Netherlands Antilles and the head of the National Government of the Netherlands Antilles....

       (1990–2002)
    • Prime Minister - Maria Liberia Peters
      Maria Liberia Peters
      Maria Liberia Peters was the Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles from 1984 to 1986 and from 1988 to 1994.Born Maria Peters in Willemstad, Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles, she attended school and earned a teaching degree in the Netherlands. She later married Niels Liberia, a civil servant...

      , Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (1988–1993)
  •  Nicaragua
    • President - Violeta Chamorro
      Violeta Chamorro
      Violeta Barrios Torres de Chamorro is a Nicaraguan political leader, former president and publisher. She became president of Nicaragua on April 25, 1990, when she unseated Daniel Ortega...

      , President of Nicaragua
      President of Nicaragua
      The position of President of Nicaragua was created in the Constitution of 1854. From 1825 until the Constitution of 1838 the title of the position was known as Head of State and from 1838 to 1854 as Supreme Director .-Heads of State of Nicaragua within the Federal Republic of Central America...

       (1990–1997)
  •  Panama
    • President - Guillermo Endara
      Guillermo Endara
      Guillermo David Endara Galimany was the President of Panama from 1989 to 1994. He ran for office in 2004 and 2009 but lost to the former President Martin Torrijos and to the incumbent President Ricardo Martinelli....

      , President of Panama (1989–1994)
  •  Saint Kitts and Nevis
    • Monarch - Elizabeth II
      Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
      Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...

      , Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983–present)
    • Governor-General - Sir Clement Arrindell
      Clement Arrindell
      Sir Clement Athelston Arrindell GCMG GCVO QC was Governor of Saint Kitts and Nevis from 1981-83 and Governor-General upon the island's independence in 1983...

      , Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1981–1995)
    • Prime Minister - Kennedy Simmonds
      Kennedy Simmonds
      Dr. the Right Honourable Sir Kennedy Alphonse Simmonds was a founding member of the People's Action Movement party. He was Premier of Saint Kitts and Nevis from 21 February 1980, until the twin-island state gained independence from the United Kingdom on 19 September 1983. Upon Independence, he...

      , Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1980–1995)
  •  Saint Lucia
    • Monarch - Elizabeth II
      Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
      Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...

      , Queen of Saint Lucia (1979–present)
    • Governor-General - Sir Stanislaus A. James, Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1988–1996)
    • Prime Minister - John Compton
      John Compton
      Sir John George Melvin Compton, KBE, PC was the first, fifth and eighth Prime Minister of Saint Lucia in 1979, from 1982 to 1996, and from 2006 until his death. Compton, who previously led Saint Lucia under British rule from 1964 to 1979, was the country's first leader when it became independent...

      , Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (1982–1996) Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Territorial collectivity of France)
    • Prefect -
      1. Kamel Khrissate, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
        Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
        The prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon is the local representative of the President of France and in effect the Governor or Executive officer of the territory.- Overview :...

         (1991–1992)
      2. Yves Henry, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
        Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
        The prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon is the local representative of the President of France and in effect the Governor or Executive officer of the territory.- Overview :...

         (1992–1994)
    • President of the General Council - Marc Plantegenest, President of the General Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1984–1994)
  •  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
    • Monarch - Elizabeth II
      Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
      Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...

      , Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979–present)
    • Governor-General - Sir David Emmanuel Jack
      David Emmanuel Jack
      Sir David Emmanuel Jack, GCMG, MBE was Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines from 1989 to 1996. He was born in Victoria Village, St. Vincent and the Grenadines. He also served as Health Minister from 1986 to 1989....

      , Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1989–1996)
    • Prime Minister - James Fitz-Allen Mitchell
      James Fitz-Allen Mitchell
      Sir James Fitz-Allen Mitchell was the second Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and the founder of the New Democratic Party . He also served as Premier of the then colony from 1972 to 1974.-Life and career:...

      , Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1984–2000)
  •  Trinidad and Tobago
    • President - Noor Hassanali
      Noor Hassanali
      Noor Mohamed Hassanali,TC was the second President of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago . A retired High Court judge, President Hassanali was the first Indo-Trinidadian to hold the office of President and was the first Muslim head of state in the Americas...

      , President of Trinidad and Tobago (1987–1997)
    • Prime Minister - Patrick Manning
      Patrick Manning
      Patrick Augustus Mervyn Manning was the fourth and sixth Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago, as well as the former Political Leader of the People's National Movement . He served as Prime Minister from 17 December 1991 to 9 November 1995 and held that office again from 24 December 2001 until 26...

      , Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1991–1995) Turks and Caicos Islands
      Turks and Caicos Islands
      The Turks and Caicos Islands are a British Overseas Territory and overseas territory of the European Union consisting of two groups of tropical islands in the Caribbean, the larger Caicos Islands and the smaller Turks Islands, known for tourism and as an offshore financial centre.The Turks and...

       (British dependent territory)
    • Governor - Michael J. Bradley
      Michael J. Bradley (Governor)
      Michael John Bradley was Governor of the Turks and Caicos from January 1987 to June 1993. Bradley was succeeded by Martin Bourke in June 1993....

      , Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands
      Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands
      The Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Turks and Caicos Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...

       (1987–1993)
    • Chief Minister - Washington Misick
      Washington Misick
      Washington Misick is a politician from the Turks and Caicos Islands. He served as the island territory's Chief Minister from April 1991 to 31 January 1995.-References:...

      , Chief Minister of Turks and Caicos Islands
      Premier of the Turks and Caicos Islands
      This is a list of Chief Ministers and Premiers of the Turks and Caicos Islands.-Chief Ministers of the Turks and Caicos Islands:-Premiers of the Turks and Caicos Islands:...

       (1991–1995) United States of America
      United States
      The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

    • President - George H. W. Bush
      George H. W. Bush
      George Herbert Walker Bush is an American politician who served as the 41st President of the United States . He had previously served as the 43rd Vice President of the United States , a congressman, an ambassador, and Director of Central Intelligence.Bush was born in Milton, Massachusetts, to...

      , President of the United States (1989–1993)
    •   Puerto Rico
      Puerto Rico
      Puerto Rico , officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico , is an unincorporated territory of the United States, located in the northeastern Caribbean, east of the Dominican Republic and west of both the United States Virgin Islands and the British Virgin Islands.Puerto Rico comprises an...

       (Commonwealth
      Commonwealth (United States insular area)
      In the terminology of the United States insular areas, a Commonwealth is a type of organized but unincorporated dependent territory.The definition of "Commonwealth" according to current U.S. State Department policy reads: "The term 'Commonwealth' does not describe or provide for any specific...

       of the United States)
      • Governor - Rafael Hernández Colón
        Rafael Hernández Colón
        Rafael Hernández Colón is a Puerto Rican politician who served as the fourth Governor of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico for three non-consecutive terms, from 1973 to 1977 and from 1985 to 1993. An experienced politician, Hernández holds the record for being the youngest Governor of Puerto Rico,...

        , Governor of Puerto Rico
        Governor of Puerto Rico
        The Governor of Puerto Rico is the Head of Government of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Since 1948, the Governor has been elected by the people of Puerto Rico...

         (1985–1993)
    •  United States Virgin Islands (Insular area
      Insular area
      An insular area is a United States territory, that is neither a part of one of the fifty U.S. states nor the District of Columbia, the federal district of the United States...

       of the United States)
      • Governor - Alexander A. Farrelly
        Alexander A. Farrelly
        Alexander Anthony Farrelly was the governor of the United States Virgin Islands serving from 1987 to 1995.Farrelly graduated from St. John's University, Queens, New York in 1954 with a bachelor's degree in law...

        , Governor of US Virgin Islands (1987–1995)

Oceania

(unorganized
Unorganized territory
An unorganized territory is a region of land without a "normally" constituted system of government. This does not mean that the territory has no government at all or that it is unclaimed territory...

, unincorporated territory of the United States)
    • Governor - Peter Tali Coleman
      Peter Tali Coleman
      Peter Tali Coleman was the first person of Samoan descent to be appointed governor of American Samoa and later became the territory's first popularly elected governor. A member of the Republican Party, he is the only U.S...

      , Governor of American Samoa (1989–1993)
  •  Australia
    • Monarch - Elizabeth II
      Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
      Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...

      , Queen of Australia
      Monarchy in Australia
      The Monarchy of Australia is a form of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign of Australia. The monarchy is a constitutional one modelled on the Westminster style of parliamentary government, incorporating features unique to the Constitution of Australia.The present monarch is...

       (1952–present)
    • Governor-General - Bill Hayden
      Bill Hayden
      William George "Bill" Hayden AC was the 21st Governor-General of Australia. Prior to this, he represented the Australian Labor Party in parliament; he was a minister in the government of Gough Whitlam, and later became Leader of the Opposition, narrowly losing the 1980 federal election to the...

      , Governor-General of Australia
      Governor-General of Australia
      The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia is the representative in Australia at federal/national level of the Australian monarch . He or she exercises the supreme executive power of the Commonwealth...

       (1989–1996)
    • Prime Minister - Paul Keating
      Paul Keating
      Paul John Keating was the 24th Prime Minister of Australia, serving from 1991 to 1996. Keating was elected as the federal Labor member for Blaxland in 1969 and came to prominence as the reformist treasurer of the Hawke Labor government, which came to power at the 1983 election...

      , Prime Minister of Australia
      Prime Minister of Australia
      The Prime Minister of the Commonwealth of Australia is the highest minister of the Crown, leader of the Cabinet and Head of Her Majesty's Australian Government, holding office on commission from the Governor-General of Australia. The office of Prime Minister is, in practice, the most powerful...

       (1991–1996)
    •   Christmas Island
      Christmas Island
      The Territory of Christmas Island is a territory of Australia in the Indian Ocean. It is located northwest of the Western Australian city of Perth, south of the Indonesian capital, Jakarta, and ENE of the Cocos Islands....

       (external territory of Australia)
      • Administrator -
        1. P. Gifford, Acting Administrator of Christmas Island (1991-1992)
        2. Michael John Grimes, Administrator of Christmas Island (1992-1994)
      • Shire President -
        1. P. Goh, Chairman of the Christmas Island Assembly (1991–1992)
        2. Lillian Oh, Shire president of Christmas Island (1992–1995)
    •   Cocos (Keeling) Islands
      Cocos (Keeling) Islands
      The Territory of the Cocos Islands, also called Cocos Islands and Keeling Islands, is a territory of Australia, located in the Indian Ocean, southwest of Christmas Island and approximately midway between Australia and Sri Lanka....

       (external territory of Australia)
      • Administrator -
        1. Barry Cunningham
          Barry Cunningham
          Barry Thomas Cunningham was an Australian politician. Born in Pakenham, Victoria, he was a dairy and potato farmer and an agricultural contractor before entering politics...

          , Administrator of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1990-1992)
        2. John Bell Read, Administrator of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1992-1994)
      • Council Chairman - Parson bin Yapat, Chairman of the Cocos Islands Council (1983-1993)
    •  Norfolk Island (self-governing territory of Australia)
      • Administrator -
        1. Herbert Bruce MacDonald, Administrator of Norfolk Island (1989–1992)
        2. Alan Gardner Kerr, Administrator of Norfolk Island (1992–1997)
      • Head of Government -
        1. David Buffett
          David Buffett
          David Ernest Buffett AM is a political figure from the Australian territory of Norfolk Island. He is the current Chief Minister of Norfolk Island since March 2010, a position he has held on three previous occasions...

          , President of the Legislative Assembly of Norfolk Island (1989–1992)
        2. John Terence Brown, Head of Government of Norfolk Island (1992–1994)
  •  Fiji
    • President - Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau
      Penaia Ganilau
      Ratu Sir Penaia Kanatabatu Ganilau, GCMG, KCVO, KBE, DSO was the first President of Fiji, serving from 8 December 1987 until his death in 1993...

      , President of Fiji
      President of Fiji
      The President of the Republic of Fiji is the head of state of Fiji. The President was appointed by the Great Council of Chiefs for a five-year term under the terms of the now-suspended 1997 constitution. The Great Council of Chiefs is constitutionally required to consult the Prime Minister, but...

       (1987–1993)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara
        Kamisese Mara
        Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, CF, GCMG, KBE is considered the founding father of the modern nation of Fiji. He was Chief Minister from 1967 to 1970, when Fiji gained its independence from the United Kingdom, and, apart from one brief interruption in 1987, the first Prime Minister from 1970 to 1992...

        , Prime Minister of Fiji
        Prime Minister of Fiji
        The Prime Minister of the Republic of Fiji is the head of government of Fiji. The Prime Minister was appointed by the President under the terms of the now-suspended 1997 constitution....

         (1987–1992)
      2. Sitiveni Rabuka
        Sitiveni Rabuka
        Major-General Sitiveni Ligamamada Rabuka, OBE, MSD, OStJ, is best known as the instigator of two military coups that shook Fiji in 1987. He was later democratically elected the third Prime Minister, serving from 1992 to 1999...

        , Prime Minister of Fiji
        Prime Minister of Fiji
        The Prime Minister of the Republic of Fiji is the head of government of Fiji. The Prime Minister was appointed by the President under the terms of the now-suspended 1997 constitution....

         (1992–1999) (French overseas territory)
    • High Commissioner -
      1. Jean Montpezat, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (1987–1992)
      2. Michel Jau, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (1992–1994)
    • President of the Government - Gaston Flosse
      Gaston Flosse
      Gaston Flosse is a French Polynesian politician who has been President of French Polynesia on four separate occasions. He is currently a member of the Senate of France.-Life and career:...

      , President of the Government of French Polynesia
      President of French Polynesia
      This is the list of Presidents of French Polynesia.-See also:*List of monarchs of Tahiti*Colonial and Departmental Heads of French Polynesia-External links:*...

       (1991–2004) (Insular area
      Insular area
      An insular area is a United States territory, that is neither a part of one of the fifty U.S. states nor the District of Columbia, the federal district of the United States...

       of the United States)
    • Governor - Joseph Franklin Ada
      Joseph Franklin Ada
      Joseph Franklin Ada is a U.S. politician.Born in Guam, Ada attended the College of Guam for two years before entering the University of Portland, where he graduated with a bachelor's degree in corporate finance in 1968. He served as the Republican Governor of Guam from 1987 until 1995. His running...

      , Governor of Guam (1987–1995)
  •  Kiribati
    • President - Teatao Teannaki
      Teatao Teannaki
      Teatao Teannaki is an I-Kiribati political figure.He was first elected to represent Abiang in the House of Assembly of Kiribati. Later, beginning in 1979, he served as Vice president of Kiribati under Ieremia Tabai...

      , President of Kiribati
      President of Kiribati
      The President of Kiribati is the head of state and head of government of Kiribati.Following a general election, by which citizens elect the members of the House of Assembly, members select from their midst "not less than 3 nor more than 4 candidates" for the presidency. No other person may stand...

       (1991–1994)
  •  Marshall Islands
    • President - Amata Kabua
      Amata Kabua
      Amata Kabua was the first President of the Marshall Islands from 1979 to 1996 ....

      , President of the Marshall Islands
      President of the Marshall Islands
      -List of Presidents of the Marshall Islands:...

       (1979–1996) Federated States of Micronesia
      Federated States of Micronesia
      The Federated States of Micronesia or FSM is an independent, sovereign island nation, made up of four states from west to east: Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei and Kosrae. It comprises approximately 607 islands with c...

    • President - Bailey Olter
      Bailey Olter
      Bailey Olter was a Micronesian political figure. He served as Vice President of the Federated States of Micronesia from 1983 to 1987 and as the third president of the Federated States of Micronesia from 1991 to 1996...

      , President of the Federated States of Micronesia
      President of the Federated States of Micronesia
      The following is a list of the Presidents of the Federated States of Micronesia:-See also:*High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands...

       (1991–1997)
  •  Nauru
    • President - Bernard Dowiyogo
      Bernard Dowiyogo
      HE Bernard Annen Auwen Dowiyogo was President of the Republic of Nauru.-Background and early career:He first became an elected member of Nauru's 18-seat parliament in 1973...

      , President of Nauru
      President of Nauru
      The President of Nauru is elected by Parliament from amongst its members. He is both the head of state and head of government of Nauru. Nauru's unicameral Parliament has 18 members, with an electoral term of 3 years. Political parties only play a minor role in Nauru politics, and there has often...

       (1989–1995) New Caledonia
      New Caledonia
      New Caledonia is a special collectivity of France located in the southwest Pacific Ocean, east of Australia and about from Metropolitan France. The archipelago, part of the Melanesia subregion, includes the main island of Grande Terre, the Loyalty Islands, the Belep archipelago, the Isle of...

       (French overseas territory)
    • High Commissioner - Alain Christnacht, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (1991–1994)
  •  New Zealand
    • Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand
      Monarchy in New Zealand
      The monarchy of New Zealand also referred to as The Crown in Right of New Zealand, Her Majesty in Right of New Zealand, or The Queen in Right of New Zealand is the constitutional system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign and head of state of the Realm of New Zealand,...

       (1952–present)
    • Governor-General - Dame Catherine Tizard
      Catherine Tizard
      Dame Catherine Anne Tizard, was Mayor of Auckland City and the 16th Governor-General of New Zealand, the first woman to hold either office.-Early life:...

      , Governor-General of New Zealand (1990–1996)
    • Prime Minister - Jim Bolger
      Jim Bolger
      James Brendan "Jim" Bolger, ONZ was the 35th Prime Minister of New Zealand from 1990 to 1997. Bolger was elected on the promise of delivering a "Decent Society" following the previous Labour government's economic reforms, known as Rogernomics...

      , Prime Minister of New Zealand
      Prime Minister of New Zealand
      The Prime Minister of New Zealand is New Zealand's head of government consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the Parliament of New Zealand...

      , (1990–1997)
    •  Cook Islands (Associated state
      Associated state
      An associated state is the minor partner in a formal, free relationship between a political territory with a degree of statehood and a nation, for which no other specific term, such as protectorate, is adopted...

       of New Zealand)
      • Queen's Representative - Apenera Short
        Apenera Short
        Sir Apenera Pera Short KBE was a Cook Islands politician and from 1990 to 2000 was the Queen's Representative in the Cook Islands....

        , Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands
        Queen's Representative
        The Queen's Representative is the formal title given to the representative of Queen Elizabeth II, as Queen of New Zealand, in the Cook Islands....

         (1990–2000)
      • Prime Minister - Geoffrey Henry
        Geoffrey Henry
        Sir Geoffrey Arama Henry KBE is a Cook Island politician who was twice the Prime Minister of the Cook Islands. He was leader of the Cook Islands Party from 1979 to 2006.-Early life:...

        , Prime Minister of the Cook Islands
        Prime Minister of the Cook Islands
        The Prime Minister of the Cook Islands is the official rsponsible for heading Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II's government in the Cook Islands, a self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand. The office was established in 1965, when self-government was first granted to the islands...

         (1989–1999)
    •  Niue (associated state
      Associated state
      An associated state is the minor partner in a formal, free relationship between a political territory with a degree of statehood and a nation, for which no other specific term, such as protectorate, is adopted...

       of New Zealand)
      • Premier -
        1. Sir Robert Rex
          Robert Rex
          Sir Robert Richmond Rex, KBE, CMG, was Premier of the Pacific island state of Niue from its establishment as a self-governing territory 19 October 1974 until his death in 1992...

          , Premier of Niue
          Premier of Niue
          The Premier of Niue is Niue's head of government. He or she is elected by the Niue Assembly, and forms a Cabinet consisting of him- or herself and three other members of the Assembly....

           (1974–1992)
        2. Young Vivian
          Young Vivian
          Mititaiagimene Young Vivian is a Niuean politician who has twice been the premier of his country. Representing the Niue People's Action Party, he defeated sitting premier Sani Lakatani in May 2002 elections. Vivian had previously served as premier for a brief period from 12 December 1992 to 9...

          , Premier of Niue
          Premier of Niue
          The Premier of Niue is Niue's head of government. He or she is elected by the Niue Assembly, and forms a Cabinet consisting of him- or herself and three other members of the Assembly....

           (1992–1993)
    •   Tokelau
      Tokelau
      Tokelau is a territory of New Zealand in the South Pacific Ocean that consists of three tropical coral atolls with a combined land area of 10 km2 and a population of approximately 1,400...

       (dependent territory
      Dependent territory
      A dependent territory, dependent area or dependency is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a State, and remains politically outside of the controlling state's integral area....

       of New Zealand)
      • Administrator -
        1. Graham Keith Ansell, Administrator of Tokelau (1990–1992)
        2. Brian Absolum, Administrator of Tokelau (1992–1993)
      • Head of Government - Kuresa Nasau
        Kuresa Nasau
        Kuresa Nasau is a Tokelauan politician who currently serves as head of government . He has previously held the position five times. He is also faipule of Atafu...

        , Head of Government of Tokelau (1992–1993) (Commonwealth
        Commonwealth (United States insular area)
        In the terminology of the United States insular areas, a Commonwealth is a type of organized but unincorporated dependent territory.The definition of "Commonwealth" according to current U.S. State Department policy reads: "The term 'Commonwealth' does not describe or provide for any specific...

         of the United States)
    • Governor - Lorenzo I. De Leon Guerrero
      Lorenzo I. De Leon Guerrero
      Lorenzo I. De Leon Guerrero was the third elected Governor of the United States Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.-Biography:...

      , Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (1990–1994) (United Nations Trust Territory
      United Nations Trust Territories
      United Nations trust territories were the successors of the remaining League of Nations mandates and came into being when the League of Nations ceased to exist in 1946. All of the trust territories were administered through the UN Trusteeship Council...

       administered by the USA
      United Nations Trust Territories
      United Nations trust territories were the successors of the remaining League of Nations mandates and came into being when the League of Nations ceased to exist in 1946. All of the trust territories were administered through the UN Trusteeship Council...

      )
    • President - Ngiratkel Etpison
      Ngiratkel Etpison
      Ngiratkel Etpison was a politician from Palau. He was elected the country's president in the 1988 elections, the final elections conducted under a plurality voting system, in which he received just 26% of the votes cast, defeating opponent Roman Tmetuchl by a margin of 31 votes...

      , President of Palau
      President of Palau
      -List of Presidents of Palau:-Latest election:-See also:*Vice-President of Palau*High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands...

       (1989–1993)
  •  Papua New Guinea
    • Monarch - Elizabeth II
      Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
      Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...

      , Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–present)
    • Governor-General - Sir Wiwa Korowi
      Wiwa Korowi
      Sir Wiwa Korowi, GCMG was the sixth Governor-General of Papua New Guinea.Sir Wiwa is from the Southern Highlands. He was a member of the Nationalist Party and was voted by the Parliament to the position of Governor-General on November 18, 1991, to fill the position which Serei Eri had vacated...

      , Governor-General of Papua New Guinea
      Governor-General of Papua New Guinea
      The Governor-General of Papua New Guinea is the viceregal representative of Queen Elizabeth II, known in Tok Pisin as 'Missis Kwin', Papua New Guinea's head of state, performing the duties of the Queen in her absence...

       (1991–1997)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Rabbie Namaliu
        Rabbie Namaliu
        Sir Rabbie Langanai Namaliu, GCL, CSM, KCMG is a Papua New Guinea politician. He served as the fourth Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea from 1988 to 1992 as leader of the Pangu Party...

        , Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea
        Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea
        The Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea, is Papua New Guinea's head of government, consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the National Parliament. Since 2 August 2011, the Prime Minister has been Peter O’Neill of the People's National Congress Party.-List...

         (1988–1992)
      2. Paias Wingti
        Paias Wingti
        Paias Wingti is a Papua New Guinean political figure. He served as the third Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea between 1985 and 1988, and again from 1992 to 1994.Wingti is a member of the Jika Tribe of the Western Highlands province...

        , Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea
        Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea
        The Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea, is Papua New Guinea's head of government, consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the National Parliament. Since 2 August 2011, the Prime Minister has been Peter O’Neill of the People's National Congress Party.-List...

         (1992–1994) (British dependent territory)
    • Governor - David Moss
      David Moss
      David Moss is an American professional ice hockey right winger for the Calgary Flames.-Playing career:Moss was selected 220th overall in the seventh round of the 2001 NHL Entry Draft and played for the Flames' AHL affiliate, the Omaha Ak-Sar-Ben Knights from the 2005–06 season. While with the...

      , Governor of the Pitcairn Islands
      Governor of the Pitcairn Islands
      The Governor of the Pitcairn Islands is the representative of the British crown in the Pitcairn Islands, which are the last remaining British territory in the Pacific Ocean...

       (1990–1994)
    • Mayor - Jay Warren
      Jay Warren
      Jay Calvin Warren is a political figure from the Pacific territory of the Pitcairn Islands.-Political roles:Jay Warren was elected Mayor of the last remaining British dependency in Oceania in the general election held on 15 December 2004, defeating Brenda Christian, who had held the Mayoralty in...

      , Magistrate of the Pitcairn Islands (1991–1999)
  •  Solomon Islands
    • Monarch - Elizabeth II
      Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
      Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...

      , Queen of the Solomon Islands
      Monarch of the Solomon Islands
      The monarchy of the Solomon Islands is a system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign of the Solomon Islands. The present monarch of the Solomon Islands is Queen Elizabeth II. The Solomon Islands share the Sovereign with a number of Commonwealth realms...

       (1978–present)
    • Governor-General - Sir George Lepping, Governor-General of the Solomon Islands
      Governor-General of the Solomon Islands
      The Governor-General of Solomon Islands is the representative of the Queen of Solomon Islands, Elizabeth II. The Queen does not reside in the islands, and so the Governor-General serves as the country's de facto head of state in her absence....

       (1988–1994)
    • Prime Minister - Solomon Mamaloni
      Solomon Mamaloni
      Solomon Mamaloni was the second Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands three times:* August 31, 1981 - November 19, 1984* March 28, 1989 - June 18, 1993* November 7, 1994 - August 27, 1997...

      , Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands
      Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands
      The Prime Minister of Solomon Islands is Solomon Islands' head of government, consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the National Parliament. Solomon Islands is a Commonwealth realm. Since August 2010, the Prime Minister has been Danny Philip of the Reform...

       (1989–1993)
  •  Tonga
    • Monarch - Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965–2006)
    • Prime Minister - Baron Vaea, Prime Minister of Tonga
      Prime Minister of Tonga
      This is a list of Prime Ministers of Tonga from the establishment of that office in 1876 until the present day.-List of Premiers/Prime Ministers of Tonga :-External links:*...

      , (1991–2000) Tuvalu
      Tuvalu
      Tuvalu , formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia. Its nearest neighbours are Kiribati, Nauru, Samoa and Fiji. It comprises four reef islands and five true atolls...

    • Monarch - Elizabeth II
      Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
      Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...

      , Queen of Tuvalu (1978–present)
    • Governor-General - Sir Toaripi Lauti
      Toaripi Lauti
      Sir Toaripi Lauti, GCMG, PC was born Toalipi Lauti on November 28, 1928.-Pre-Independence career:He was the chief minister of Tuvalu, the former Ellice Islands, from October 2, 1975 to October 1, 1978. The Tuvalu archipelago, located about halfway between Australia and Hawaii, consists of six...

      , Governor-General of Tuvalu
      Governor-General of Tuvalu
      The Governor-General of Tuvalu is the representative of Queen Elizabeth II as Queen of Tuvalu, the nation's Head of State, and performs the duties of the Queen in her absence.-History:...

       (1990–1993)
    • Prime Minister - Bikenibeu Paeniu
      Bikenibeu Paeniu
      The Rt Hon Bikenibeu Paeniu is a politician from Tuvalu. He has served twice as the third Prime Minister of Tuvalu.-Political career:...

      , Prime Minister of Tuvalu
      Prime Minister of Tuvalu
      The Prime Minister of Tuvalu is the head of government of Tuvalu. According to Tuvalu's constitution, the Prime Minister must always be a member of Parliament, and is elected by Parliament in a secret ballot. Because there are no political parties in Tuvalu, any member of Parliament can be...

       (1989–1993)
  •  Vanuatu
    • President - Frederick Karlomuana Timakata
      Frederick Karlomuana Timakata
      Rev. Frederick "Fred" Karlomuana Timakata served as acting President of the island country of Vanuatu briefly in 1984, and subsequently as President from January 30, 1989 to January 30, 1994....

      , President of Vanuatu
      President of Vanuatu
      The President of Vanuatu is the head of state of Vanuatu. The President is elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and the presidents of the regional councils.The President's role is mostly ceremonial...

       (1989–1994)
    • Prime Minister - Maxime Carlot Korman
      Maxime Carlot Korman
      Maxime Carlot Korman is a ni-Vanuatu politician, formerly serving as Speaker of the Parliament and formerly as acting President. He served as Prime minister of Vanuatu for nearly five years, first from 16 December 1991 to 21 December 1995 and again from 23 February 1996 to 30 September 1996...

      , Prime Minister of Vanuatu (1991–1995) Wallis and Futuna
      Wallis and Futuna
      Wallis and Futuna, officially the Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands , is a Polynesian French island territory in the South Pacific between Tuvalu to the northwest, Rotuma of Fiji to the west, the main part of Fiji to the southwest, Tonga to the southeast,...

       (French overseas territory)
    • Administrator-Superior - Robert Pommies, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna
      Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna
      The Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna is the representative of the President of the French Republic in Wallis and Futuna. The current Administrator is Michel Jeanjean...

       (1990–1993)
    • President of the Territorial Assembly -
      1. Clovis Logologofolau, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna
        Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna
        Wallis and Futuna elects on territorial level a legislature. The Territorial Assembly has 20 members, elected for a five year term by proportional representation in multi-seat constituencies....

         (1990–1992)
      2. Soane Mani Uhila, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna
        Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna
        Wallis and Futuna elects on territorial level a legislature. The Territorial Assembly has 20 members, elected for a five year term by proportional representation in multi-seat constituencies....

         (1992–1994)
  •  Samoa
    • Head of State - Malietoa Tanumafili II, O le Ao o le Malo of Western Samoa
      O le Ao o le Malo
      O le Ao o le Malo is the Samoan head of state, which is the title's rough translation....

       (1962–2007)
    • Prime Minister - Tofilau Eti Alesana
      Tofilau Eti Alesana
      Tofilau Eti Alesana, AC, born Aualamalefalelima Alesana, was a Samoan politician. He was born in Vaitogi, Tutuila, American Samoa to a Samoan upper-class parents, Reverend James Alesana Fai'ivae and Vaoita Iosefa Mala'itai...

      , Prime Minister of Western Samoa (1988–1998)

South America

  •  Argentina
    • President - Carlos Menem
      Carlos Menem
      Carlos Saúl Menem is an Argentine politician who was President of Argentina from 1989 to 1999. He is currently an Argentine National Senator for La Rioja Province.-Early life:...

      , President of Argentina (1989–1999)
  •  Bolivia
    • President - Jaime Paz Zamora
      Jaime Paz Zamora
      Jaime Paz Zamora was President of Bolivia from August 6, 1989 to August 6, 1993. He also served as Vice-President between 1982 and 1984.-Foundation of the MIR and alliance with Siles Zuazo:...

      , President of Bolivia
      President of Bolivia
      The President of Bolivia is head of state and head of government of Bolivia. According to the current Constitution, the president is elected by popular vote to a five year term, renewable once...

       (1989–1993)  Brazil
    • President -
      1. Fernando Collor de Mello
        Fernando Collor de Mello
        Fernando Affonso Collor de Mello was the 32nd president of Brazil from 1990 to 1992, when he resigned in a failed attempt to stop his trial of impeachment by the Brazilian Senate...

        , President of Brazil (1990–1992)
      2. Itamar Franco
        Itamar Franco
        Itamar Augusto Cautiero Franco was a Brazilian politician and the President of Brazil from December 29, 1992, to January 1, 1995. During his long political career, Franco was also a Senator, Mayor, Ambassador, Governor and Vice President...

        , President of Brazil (1992–1995)
  •  Chile
    • President - Patricio Aylwin
      Patricio Aylwin
      Patricio Aylwin Azócar was the first president of Chile after its return to democratic rule in 1990, following the military dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet.- Early life :...

      , President of Chile
      President of Chile
      The President of the Republic of Chile is both the head of state and the head of government of the Republic of Chile. The President is responsible of the government and state administration...

       (1990–1994)
  •  Colombia
    • President - César Gaviria
      César Gaviria
      César Gaviria Trujillo is a Colombian politician and a Latin American statesman. He served as President of Colombia from 1990 to 1994, and Secretary General of the Organization of American States from 1994 until 2004.-Early life:...

      , President of Colombia (1990–1994)
  •  Ecuador
    • President -
      1. Rodrigo Borja Cevallos
        Rodrigo Borja Cevallos
        Rodrigo Borja Cevallos was President of Ecuador from 10 August 1988 to 10 August 1992.-Biography:Borja was born in Quito, the capital of Ecuador. He helped to found the Party of the Democratic Left, a socialist political party which quickly gained strength. He served several terms in Congress,...

        , President of Ecuador (1988–1992)
      2. Sixto Durán Ballén
        Sixto Durán Ballén
        Sixto Alfonso Durán-Ballén Cordovez is an U.S.-born Ecuadorian political figure and architect. He served as Mayor of Quito between 1970 and 1978, and as president of Ecuador between 1992 and 1996...

        , President of Ecuador (1992–1996) Falkland Islands
        Falkland Islands
        The Falkland Islands are an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean, located about from the coast of mainland South America. The archipelago consists of East Falkland, West Falkland and 776 lesser islands. The capital, Stanley, is on East Falkland...

         (British dependent territory)
    • Governor -
      1. William Hugh Fullerton, Governor of the Falkland Islands
        Governor of the Falkland Islands
        The Governor of the Falkland Islands is the representative of the British Crown in the Falkland Islands, acting "in Her Majesty's name and on Her Majesty's behalf" as the islands' de facto head of state in the absence of the British monarch...

         (1988–1992)
      2. David Tatham, Governor of the Falkland Islands
        Governor of the Falkland Islands
        The Governor of the Falkland Islands is the representative of the British Crown in the Falkland Islands, acting "in Her Majesty's name and on Her Majesty's behalf" as the islands' de facto head of state in the absence of the British monarch...

         (1992–1996)
    • Chief Executive - Ronald Sampson
      Ronald Sampson
      Ronald Sampson, CBE, is a British administrator who served as Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands from April 1989 until September 1994.During his time as Chief Executive, Sampson worked to improve up the infrastructure of the Falkland Islands in the wake of the 1982 war...

      , Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands
      Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands
      The Chief Executive of the Falklands Islands is the head of government of the Falkland Islands, as well as head of the public service responsible for the efficient and effective management of the Falkland Islands Government...

       (1989–1994)
  •  Guyana
    • President -
      1. Desmond Hoyte
        Desmond Hoyte
        Hugh Desmond Hoyte was a Guyanese politician. He served as Prime Minister of Guyana from 1984 to 1985 and President of Guyana from 1985 until 1992.He was born in Guyana's capital, Georgetown...

        , President of Guyana (1985–1992)
      2. Cheddi Jagan
        Cheddi Jagan
        Cheddi Berret Jagan was a Guyanese politician who was first elected Chief Minister in 1953 and later Premier of British Guiana from 1961 to 1964, prior to independence. He later served as President of Guyana from 1992 to 1997.- Biography :The son of ethnic Indian sugar plantation workers, Jagan...

        , President of Guyana (1992–1997)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Hamilton Green
        Hamilton Green
        Hamilton Green was the prime minister of Guyana from 6 August 1985 to 9 October 1992, during the racial and oppressive dictatorship of the People's National Congress...

        , Prime Minister of Guyana (1985–1992)
      2. Sam Hinds
        Sam Hinds
        Samuel Archibald Anthony Hinds is a Guyanese politician who has been Prime Minister of Guyana almost continuously since 1992...

        , Prime Minister of Guyana (1992–1997)
  •  Paraguay
    • President - Andrés Rodríguez, President of Paraguay (1989–1993)
  •  Peru
  •  Suriname
    • President - Ronald Venetiaan
      Ronald Venetiaan
      Ronald Runaldo Venetiaan served as the 6th and 8th President of Suriname. His first term as president ran from 1991 to 1996 after which he lost in the elections to Jules Wijdenbosch...

      , President of Suriname
      President of Suriname
      The President of the Republic of Suriname is, in accordance with the Constitution of 1987, the head of state, head of government, and commander-in-chief of Suriname....

       (1991–1996)
  •  Uruguay
    • President - Luis Alberto Lacalle
      Luis Alberto Lacalle
      Luis Alberto Lacalle de Herrera is a Uruguayan lawyer and politician who served as President of Uruguay from 1990 to 1995.-Background:His mother, María Hortensia de Herrera de Lacalle, was the daughter of the Blanco political leader Luis Alberto de Herrera, after whom Lacalle was named. Luis...

      , President of Uruguay (1990–1995) Venezuela
      Venezuela
      Venezuela , officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It borders Colombia to the west, Guyana to the east, and Brazil to the south...

    • President - Carlos Andrés Pérez
      Carlos Andrés Pérez
      Carlos Andrés Pérez Rodríguez , also known as CAP and often referred to as El Gocho , was a Venezuelan politician, President of Venezuela from 1974 to 1979 and again from 1989 to 1993. His first presidency was known as the Saudi Venezuela due to its economic and social prosperity thanks to...

      , President of Venezuela (1989–1993)
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