Africa

• Algeria
  Algeria
  Algeria , officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria , also formally referred to as the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of Northwest Africa with Algiers as its capital.In terms of land area, it is the largest country in Africa and the Arab...
  
  
  • President -
    1. Rabah Bitat
       Rabah Bitat
       Rabah Bitat . He served as President of the People's National Assembly from April 1977 to October 1990 and was the fifth President of Algeria from 27 December 1978 to 9 February 1979. He became president after the death of Houari Boumédiènne and was replaced by Chadli Bendjedid...
       
       , Interim President of Algeria
       President of Algeria
       The President of Algeria is the head of state and chief executive of Algeria, as well as the Commander-in-Chief of the Algerian armed forces.-History of the office:...
       
        (1978–1979)
    2. Chadli Bendjedid
       Chadli Bendjedid
       Chadli Bendjedid was the sixth President of Algeria from February 9, 1979 to January 11, 1992.-Early career:...
       
       , President of Algeria
       President of Algeria
       The President of Algeria is the head of state and chief executive of Algeria, as well as the Commander-in-Chief of the Algerian armed forces.-History of the office:...
       
        (1979–1992)
  • Prime Minister - Mohamed Ben Ahmed Abdelghani
    Mohamed Ben Ahmed Abdelghani
    Mohammed ben Ahmed Abdelghani was the prime minister of Algeria under President Chadli Bendjedid from March 8, 1979 until January 22, 1984. He served as the first prime minister of Algeria since 1963, when the position was abolished. As of 2005, he served the longest consecutive term of any prime...
    
    , Prime Minister of Algeria
    Prime Minister of Algeria
    The Prime Minister is the head of government of Algeria.The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Algeria, along with other ministers and members of the government that the new Prime Minister recommends. The People's National Assembly must approve the legislative program of the new...
    
     (1979–1984)
• Angola
  People's Republic of Angola
  The People's Republic of Angola was a self-declared socialist state that was established in 1975 after it was granted independence from Portugal, akin to the situation in Mozambique. The newly-founded nation enjoyed friendly relations with the Soviet Union, Cuba, and the People's Republic of...
  
   -
  • Communist Party Leader -
    1. Agostinho Neto
       Agostinho Neto
       António Agostinho Neto served as the first President of Angola , leading the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola in the war for independence and the civil war...
       
       , Secretary of the Popular Liberation Movement of Angola-Labor Party (1975–1979)
    2. José Eduardo dos Santos
       José Eduardo dos Santos
       José Eduardo dos Santos is an Angolan politician who has been the second and current President of Angola since 1979. As President, José Eduardo dos Santos is also the commander in chief of the Angolan Armed Forces and president of the MPLA , the party that has been ruling Angola since...
       
       , Secretary of the Popular Liberation Movement of Angola-Labor Party (1979–1991)
  • President -
    1. Agostinho Neto
       Agostinho Neto
       António Agostinho Neto served as the first President of Angola , leading the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola in the war for independence and the civil war...
       
       , President of Angola
       President of Angola
       The President of the Republic of Angola is both head of state and head of government in Angola. While the President appoints a Prime Minister, executive authority usually belongs to the President....
       
        (1975–1979)
    2. José Eduardo dos Santos
       José Eduardo dos Santos
       José Eduardo dos Santos is an Angolan politician who has been the second and current President of Angola since 1979. As President, José Eduardo dos Santos is also the commander in chief of the Angolan Armed Forces and president of the MPLA , the party that has been ruling Angola since...
       
       , President of Angola
       President of Angola
       The President of the Republic of Angola is both head of state and head of government in Angola. While the President appoints a Prime Minister, executive authority usually belongs to the President....
       
        (1979–present)
• Benin
  People's Republic of Benin
  The People's Republic of Benin was a socialist state located in the Gulf of Guinea on the African continent, which would become present-day Benin. The People's Republic was established on November 30, 1975, shortly after the 1972 coup d'état in the Republic of Dahomey...
  
  
  • Communist Party Leader - Mathieu Kérékou
    Mathieu Kérékou
    Mathieu Kérékou, was President of Benin from 1972 to 1991 and again from 1996 to 2006. After seizing power in a military coup, he ruled the country for 17 years, for most of that time under an officially Marxist-Leninist ideology, before he was stripped of his powers by the National Conference of...
    
    , Secretary of the Popular Revolutionary Party of Benin
    People's Revolutionary Party of Benin
    The People's Revolutionary Party of Benin was a political party in the People's Republic of Benin. It was founded in 1975 by General Mathieu Kérékou. With the new constitution of November 30, 1975, PRPB became the sole legal party in the country...
    
     (1979–1990)
  • President - Mathieu Kérékou
    Mathieu Kérékou
    Mathieu Kérékou, was President of Benin from 1972 to 1991 and again from 1996 to 2006. After seizing power in a military coup, he ruled the country for 17 years, for most of that time under an officially Marxist-Leninist ideology, before he was stripped of his powers by the National Conference of...
    
    , President of Benin (1972–1991)
• Botswana
  Botswana
  Botswana, officially the Republic of Botswana , is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa. The citizens are referred to as "Batswana" . Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name after becoming independent within the Commonwealth on 30 September 1966...
  
  
  • President - Sir Seretse Khama
    Seretse Khama
    Sir Seretse Khama, KBE was a statesman from Botswana. Born into one of the more powerful of the royal families of what was then the British Protectorate of Bechuanaland, and educated abroad in neighbouring South Africa and in the United Kingdom, he returned home—with a popular but controversial...
    
    , President of Botswana (1966–1980)
• Burundi
  Burundi
  Burundi , officially the Republic of Burundi , is a landlocked country in the Great Lakes region of Eastern Africa bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. Its capital is Bujumbura...
  
  
  • President - Jean-Baptiste Bagaza
    Jean-Baptiste Bagaza
    Jean-Baptiste Bagaza is a Burundian politician who was Chairman of the Supreme Revolutionary Council in Burundi until November 10, 1976, and President from November 10, 1976 to September 3, 1987. While travelling abroad, Bagaza was deposed in a military coup d'état. He was replaced as president by...
    
    , President of Burundi (1976–1987)
• Cameroon
  Cameroon
  Cameroon, officially the Republic of Cameroon , is a country in west Central Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west; Chad to the northeast; the Central African Republic to the east; and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of the Congo to the south. Cameroon's coastline lies on the...
  
  
  • President - Ahmadou Ahidjo
    Ahmadou Ahidjo
    Ahmadou Babatoura Ahidjo was the first President of Cameroon from 1960 until 1982.-Early life:Ahidjo was born in Garoua, a major river port along the Benue River in northern Cameroun, which was at the time a French mandate territory...
    
    , President of Cameroon
    Heads of state of Cameroon
    -Presidents of Cameroon :-Affiliations:-Latest election:-See also:*Politics of Cameroon*Heads of government of Cameroon*Colonial heads of Cameroon...
    
     (1960–1982)
  • Prime Minister - Paul Biya
    Paul Biya
    Paul Biya is a Cameroonian politician who has been the President of Cameroon since 6 November 1982. A native of Cameroon's south, Biya rose rapidly as a bureaucrat under President Ahmadou Ahidjo in the 1960s, serving as Secretary-General of the Presidency from 1968 to 1975 and then as Prime...
    
    , Prime Minister of Cameroon
    Prime Minister of Cameroon
    Under the current constitution of Cameroon, the Prime Minister of Cameroon is a relatively powerless executive. While the Prime Minister is officially appointed to be the head of government, the President retains most of the executive power and can fire the Prime Minister at will.-History:The...
    
     (1975–1982)
• Cape Verde
  Cape Verde
  The Republic of Cape Verde is an island country, spanning an archipelago of 10 islands located in the central Atlantic Ocean, 570 kilometres off the coast of Western Africa...
  
  
  • President - Aristides Pereira
    Aristides Pereira
    Aristides Maria Pereira was the first President of Cape Verde, serving from 1975 to 1991.-Biography:Pereira was born on the island of Boa Vista. His first major government job was chief of telecommunications in Guinea-Bissau...
    
    , President of Cape Verde (1975–1991)
  • Prime Minister - Pedro Pires
    Pedro Pires
    Pedro Verona Rodrigues Pires was the President of Cape Verde from March 2001 to September 2011. Before becoming President, he was Prime Minister from 1975 to 1991....
    
    , Prime Minister of Cape Verde (1975–1991)
• Central African Empire
  Central African Empire
  The Central African Empire was a short-lived, self-declared autocratic monarchy that replaced the Central African Republic and was, in turn, replaced by the restoration of the republic. The empire was formed when Jean-Bédel Bokassa, President of the republic, declared himself Emperor Bokassa I on...
  
  
  • name reverted to Central African Republic
    Central African Republic
    The Central African Republic , is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It borders Chad in the north, Sudan in the north east, South Sudan in the east, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo in the south, and Cameroon in the west. The CAR covers a land area of about ,...
    
     on 20 September 1979
  • Monarch - Bokassa I
    Jean-Bédel Bokassa
    Jean-Bédel Bokassa , a military officer, was the head of state of the Central African Republic and its successor state, the Central African Empire, from his coup d'état on 1 January 1966 until 20 September 1979...
    
    , Emperor of Central Africa
    Heads of state of the Central African Republic (and Central African Empire)
    This is a complete list of the heads of state of the Central African Republic and Central African Empire. There have been five heads of state in the history of the Central African Republic and Central African Empire since independence was obtained from the French on 13 August 1960...
    
     (1966–1979)
  • President - David Dacko
    David Dacko
    David Dacko was the first President of the Central African Republic , from August 14, 1960 to January 1, 1966, and the third president of the CAR from September 21, 1979 to September 1, 1981...
    
    , President of the Central African Republic (1979–1981)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Henri Maïdou
       Henri Maïdou
       Henri Maïdou was Prime Minister of the Central African Empire/Central African Republic from 14 July 1978 to 26 September 1979.- References :...
       
       , Prime Minister of the Central African Empire
       Heads of government of the Central African Republic (and Central African Empire)
       This is a complete list of the heads of government of the Central African Republic and Central African Empire. There have been 21 heads of government of Central African Republic and the Central African Empire. The office of Prime Minister, the head of government, was created when the Central...
       
        (1978–1979)
    2. Bernard Ayandho
       Bernard Ayandho
       Bernard Christian Ayandho was Prime Minister of the Central African Republic from 26 September 1979 to 22 August 1980....
       
       , Prime Minister of the Central African Republic
       Heads of government of the Central African Republic (and Central African Empire)
       This is a complete list of the heads of government of the Central African Republic and Central African Empire. There have been 21 heads of government of Central African Republic and the Central African Empire. The office of Prime Minister, the head of government, was created when the Central...
       
        (1979–1980)
• Chad
  Chad
  Chad , officially known as the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west...
  
  
  • Head of State -
    1. Félix Malloum
       Félix Malloum
       General Félix Malloum or Félix Malloum Ngakoutou Bey-Ndi was a Chadian politician from the south. He served as an officer in the Chadian Military and as a member of the ruling Chadian Progressive Party . He later became the Chief of Staff with the rank of colonel...
       
       , President of Chad
       Heads of state of Chad
       -List of Heads of State of Chad:-Affiliations:-External links:**...
       
        (1975–1979)
    2. Goukouni Oueddei
       Goukouni Oueddei
       Goukouni Oueddei is a Chadian political figure. He was Head of State of Chad from 1979 to 1982. He is currently in exile.-Biography:...
       
       , Chairman of the Provisional Council of State of Chad
       Heads of state of Chad
       -List of Heads of State of Chad:-Affiliations:-External links:**...
       
        (1979)
    3. Lol Mahamat Choua, President of the Transitional Government of National Unity of Chad
       Heads of state of Chad
       -List of Heads of State of Chad:-Affiliations:-External links:**...
       
        (1979)
    4. Goukouni Oueddei
       Goukouni Oueddei
       Goukouni Oueddei is a Chadian political figure. He was Head of State of Chad from 1979 to 1982. He is currently in exile.-Biography:...
       
       , President of the Transitional Government of National Unity of Chad
       Heads of state of Chad
       -List of Heads of State of Chad:-Affiliations:-External links:**...
       
        (1979–1982)
  • Prime Minister - Hissène Habré
    Hissène Habré
    Hissène Habré , also spelled Hissen Habré, was the leader of Chad from 1982 until he was deposed in 1990.-Early life:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Chad (1978–1979)
• Comoros
  Comoros
  The Comoros , officially the Union of the Comoros is an archipelago island nation in the Indian Ocean, located off the eastern coast of Africa, on the northern end of the Mozambique Channel, between northeastern Mozambique and northwestern Madagascar...
  
  
  • President - Ahmed Abdallah
    Ahmed Abdallah
    Ahmed Abdallah Abderemane was a Comorian politician. He was President of the Comoros from 25 October 1978 until his death.-Life prior to the presidency:...
    
     President of the Comoros (1978–1989)
  • Prime Minister - Salim Ben Ali
    Salim Ben Ali
    Salim Ben Ali Al-Qasimi served as prime minister of Comoros under President Ahmed Abdallah from December 22, 1978 until February 8, 1982....
    
    , Prime Minister of the Comoros
    Heads of government of the Comoros
    -List of Heads of Government of the Comoros:-Affiliations:-See also:*Comoros**Heads of state of the Comoros**Colonial heads of the Comoros*Lists of office-holders...
    
     (1978–1982)
• Congo
  People's Republic of the Congo
  The People's Republic of the Congo was a self-declared Marxist-Leninist socialist state that was established in 1970 in the Republic of the Congo...
  
  
  • Communist Party Leader -
    1. Jean-Pierre Thystère Tchicaya
       Jean-Pierre Thystère Tchicaya
       Jean-Pierre Thystère Tchicaya was a Congolese politician. He was briefly Acting Head of State of the Republic of the Congo in February 1979 and was President of the National Assembly of the Republic of the Congo from 2002 to 2007...
       
       , Chairman of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Congolese Labor Party
       Congolese Party of Labour
       The Congolese Party of Labour , founded in 1969 by Marien Ngouabi, is the ruling political party of the Republic of the Congo...
       
        (1979)
    2. Denis Sassou Nguesso
       Denis Sassou Nguesso
       Denis Sassou Nguesso is a Congolese politician who has been the President of Congo-Brazzaville since 1997; he was previously President from 1979 to 1992. During his first period as President, he headed the single-party regime of the Congolese Labour Party for 12 years...
       
       , Chairman of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Congolese Labor Party
       Congolese Party of Labour
       The Congolese Party of Labour , founded in 1969 by Marien Ngouabi, is the ruling political party of the Republic of the Congo...
       
        (1979–1991)
  • Head of State -
    1. Joachim Yhombi-Opango
       Joachim Yhombi-Opango
       Jacques Joachim Yhombi Opango is a Congolese politician. He was an army officer who became Congo-Brazzaville's first general and served as Head of State of Congo-Brazzaville from 1977 to 1979. He is currently the President of the Rally for Democracy and Development , a political party, and served...
       
       , Head of State of Congo
       Heads of state of the Republic of the Congo
       -List of Heads of State of the Republic of the Congo :-Affiliations:-See also:*Congo*Republic of the Congo**List of heads of government of the Republic of the Congo...
       
        (1977–1979)
    2. Jean-Pierre Thystère Tchicaya
       Jean-Pierre Thystère Tchicaya
       Jean-Pierre Thystère Tchicaya was a Congolese politician. He was briefly Acting Head of State of the Republic of the Congo in February 1979 and was President of the National Assembly of the Republic of the Congo from 2002 to 2007...
       
       , Chairman of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Congolese Labour Party
       Heads of state of the Republic of the Congo
       -List of Heads of State of the Republic of the Congo :-Affiliations:-See also:*Congo*Republic of the Congo**List of heads of government of the Republic of the Congo...
       
        (1979)
    3. Denis Sassou Nguesso
       Denis Sassou Nguesso
       Denis Sassou Nguesso is a Congolese politician who has been the President of Congo-Brazzaville since 1997; he was previously President from 1979 to 1992. During his first period as President, he headed the single-party regime of the Congolese Labour Party for 12 years...
       
       , President of Congo
       Heads of state of the Republic of the Congo
       -List of Heads of State of the Republic of the Congo :-Affiliations:-See also:*Congo*Republic of the Congo**List of heads of government of the Republic of the Congo...
       
        (1979–1992)
  • Prime Minister - Louis Sylvain Goma
    Louis Sylvain Goma
    Louis Sylvain Goma is a Congolese politician. Goma was the Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo from 18 December 1975 to 7 August 1984 under three successive Heads of State: Marien Ngouabi, Jacques Yhombi-Opango, and Denis Sassou Nguesso.Prime Minister Henri Lopès and his government...
    
    , Prime Minister of Congo
    Heads of government of the Republic of the Congo
    -List of Heads of Government of the Republic of the Congo :-Affiliations:-See also:*Congo*Republic of the Congo**List of heads of state of the Republic of the Congo...
    
     (1975–1984)
• Djibouti
  Djibouti
  Djibouti , officially the Republic of Djibouti , is a country in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Eritrea in the north, Ethiopia in the west and south, and Somalia in the southeast. The remainder of the border is formed by the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden at the east...
  
   -
  • President - Hassan Gouled Aptidon
    Hassan Gouled Aptidon
    Hassan Gouled Aptidon was the first President of Djibouti from 1977 to 1999.-Biography:...
    
    , President of Djibouti (1977–1999)
  • Prime Minister - Barkat Gourad Hamadou
    Barkat Gourad Hamadou
    Barkat Gourad Hamadou was the Prime Minister of Djibouti from 2 October 1978 until 7 March 2001.-Political career:Hamadou is a member of the Afar ethnic group and was born in Dikhil Region, in the southwest of Djibouti...
    
    , Prime Minister of Djibouti (1978–2001)
• Egypt
  Egypt
  Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...
  
  
  • President - Anwar Sadat
    Anwar Sadat
    Muhammad Anwar al-Sadat was the third President of Egypt, serving from 15 October 1970 until his assassination by fundamentalist army officers on 6 October 1981...
    
    , President of Egypt
    President of Egypt
    The President of the Arab Republic of Egypt is the head of state of Egypt.Under the Constitution of Egypt, the president is also the supreme commander of the armed forces and head of the executive branch of the Egyptian government....
    
     (1970–1981)
  • Prime Minister - Mustafa Khalil
    Mustafa Khalil
    Mustafa Khalil was an Egyptian politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Egypt from October 2, 1978 to May 15, 1980. Khalil also served as the Egyptian foreign minister from 1979 until 1980. Khalil was best known for helping to negotiate the 1979 Camp David Accord peace treaty between Egypt...
    
    , Prime Minister of Egypt
    Prime Minister of Egypt
    The Prime Minister of Egypt is the head of the Egyptian government. According to the constitution, the prime minister is the leader of the largest political party in the Egyptian Parliament....
    
     (1978–1980)
• Equatorial Guinea
  Equatorial Guinea
  Equatorial Guinea, officially the Republic of Equatorial Guinea where the capital Malabo is situated.Annobón is the southernmost island of Equatorial Guinea and is situated just south of the equator. Bioko island is the northernmost point of Equatorial Guinea. Between the two islands and to the...
  
  
  • Head of State -
    1. Masie Nguema Biyogo Ñegue Ndong
       Francisco Macías Nguema
       Francisco Macías Nguema was the first President of Equatorial Guinea, from 1968 until his overthrow in 1979.-Rise to power:...
       
       , President for Life of Equatorial Guinea (1968–1979)
    2. Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
       Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
       Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo is an Equatoguinean politician who has been President of Equatorial Guinea since 1979. He ousted his uncle, Francisco Macías Nguema, in an August 1979 military coup and has overseen Equatorial Guinea's emergence as an important oil producer, beginning in the 1990s...
       
       , Chairman of the Supreme Military Council of Equatorial Guinea (1979–present)
• Ethiopia
  Derg
  The Derg or Dergue was a Communist military junta that came to power in Ethiopia following the ousting of Haile Selassie I. Derg, which means "committee" or "council" in Ge'ez, is the short name of the Coordinating Committee of the Armed Forces, Police, and Territorial Army, a committee of...
  
  
  • Head of State - Mengistu Haile Mariam
    Mengistu Haile Mariam
    Mengistu Haile Mariam is a politician who was formerly the most prominent officer of the Derg, the Communist military junta that governed Ethiopia from 1974 to 1987, and the President of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia from 1987 to 1991...
    
    , Chairman of the Coordinating Committee of the Armed Forces of Ethiopia (1977–1991)
• Gabon
  Gabon
  Gabon , officially the Gabonese Republic is a state in west central Africa sharing borders with Equatorial Guinea to the northwest, Cameroon to the north, and with the Republic of the Congo curving around the east and south. The Gulf of Guinea, an arm of the Atlantic Ocean is to the west...
  
  
  • President - Omar Bongo
    Omar Bongo
    El Hadj Omar Bongo Ondimba , born as Albert-Bernard Bongo, was a Gabonese politician who was President of Gabon for 42 years from 1967 until his death in office in 2009....
    
    , President of Gabon (1967–2009)
  • Prime Minister - Léon Mébiame
    Léon Mébiame
    Léon Mébiame was the Prime Minister of Gabon from 1975 to 1990.A member of the Fang ethnic group, Mébiame was born in Libreville. Under French colonial rule, he became an inspector of federal police in 1956 and was posted in Chad from January 6, 1957 to March 1959...
    
    , Prime Minister of Gabon (1975–1994)
• The Gambia
  The Gambia
  The Republic of The Gambia, commonly referred to as The Gambia, or Gambia , is a country in West Africa. Gambia is the smallest country on mainland Africa, surrounded by Senegal except for a short coastline on the Atlantic Ocean in the west....
  
  
  • President - Sir Dawda Jawara
    Dawda Jawara
    Sir Dawda Kairaba Jawara, GCMG was the first leader of The Gambia, serving first as Prime Minister from 1962 to 1970 and then as President from 1970 to 1994....
    
    , President of The Gambia
    Heads of state of the Gambia
    -Heads of State of The Gambia :-Affiliations:*PPP - People's Progressive Party*APRC - Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction*Mil - Military of the Gambia...
    
     (1970–1994)
• Ghana
  Ghana
  Ghana , officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country located in West Africa. It is bordered by Côte d'Ivoire to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, Togo to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea to the south...
  
  
  • Head of State -
    1. Fred Akuffo
       Fred Akuffo
       Lieutenant General Frederick William Kwasi Akuffo was a soldier and politician. He is a former Chief of Defence Staff of the Ghana Armed Forces and the Head of state and chairman of the ruling Supreme Military Council in Ghana from 1978 to 1979...
       
       , Chairman of the Supreme Military Council of Ghana
       Heads of state of Ghana
       Prior to independence in 1957, Ghana was known as the British colony of Gold Coast. Before then it had been divided among a number of states, by far the largest of which was the Ashanti Empire, whose rulers were known as the Asantehene....
       
        (1978–1979)
    2. Jerry Rawlings
       Jerry Rawlings
       Jerry John Rawlings is a former leader of the Republic of Ghana and now the African Union envoy to Somalia. Rawlings ruled Ghana as a military dictator in 1979 and from 1981 to 1992 and then as the first elected president of the Fourth Republic from 1993 to 2001...
       
       , Chairman of the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council of Ghana
       Heads of state of Ghana
       Prior to independence in 1957, Ghana was known as the British colony of Gold Coast. Before then it had been divided among a number of states, by far the largest of which was the Ashanti Empire, whose rulers were known as the Asantehene....
       
        (1979)
    3. Hilla Limann
       Hilla Limann
       Hilla Limann was the President of Ghana from 24 September, 1979 to 31 December, 1981. Eventually he became a diplomat, and served in Switzerland. Limann, whose original last name was Babini, was born in the northern Ghanaian town of Gwolu in the Sissala West District of the Upper West Region to a...
       
       , President of Ghana
       Heads of state of Ghana
       Prior to independence in 1957, Ghana was known as the British colony of Gold Coast. Before then it had been divided among a number of states, by far the largest of which was the Ashanti Empire, whose rulers were known as the Asantehene....
       
        (1979–1981)
• Guinea
  Guinea
  Guinea , officially the Republic of Guinea , is a country in West Africa. Formerly known as French Guinea , it is today sometimes called Guinea-Conakry to distinguish it from its neighbour Guinea-Bissau. Guinea is divided into eight administrative regions and subdivided into thirty-three prefectures...
  
  
  • President - Ahmed Sékou Touré
    Ahmed Sékou Touré
    Ahmed Sékou Touré was an African political leader and President of Guinea from 1958 to his death in 1984...
    
    , President of Guinea (1958–1984)
  • Prime Minister - Louis Lansana Beavogui
    Louis Lansana Beavogui
    Louis Lansana Beavogui was a Guinean politician. He was Prime Minister from 1972 to 1984 and was briefly interim President in 1984.-Background and political career:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Guinea (1972–1984)
• Guinea-Bissau
  Guinea-Bissau
  The Republic of Guinea-Bissau is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Senegal to the north, and Guinea to the south and east, with the Atlantic Ocean to its west....
  
  
  • Head of State - Luís Cabral
    Luís Cabral
    Luís Severino de Almeida Cabral was the first President of Guinea-Bissau. He served from 1974 to 1980, when a military coup d'état led by João Bernardo "Nino" Vieira deposed him...
    
    , Chairman of the Council of State of Guinea-Bissau
    Heads of state of Guinea-Bissau
    -Presidents of Guinea-Bissau :-Affiliations:-Latest election:-See also:*Guinea-Bissau**List of heads of government of Guinea-Bissau...
    
     (1973–1980)
  • Prime Minister - João Bernardo Vieira
    João Bernardo Vieira
    João Bernardo "Nino" Vieira was the President of Guinea-Bissau from 1980 to 1999 and again from 2005 to 2009. After seizing power in 1980, Vieira ruled for 19 years, and he won a multiparty presidential election in 1994. He was ousted at the end of the 1998–1999 civil war and went into exile...
    
    , Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau
    Heads of government of Guinea-Bissau
    -Prime Ministers of Guinea-Bissau :-Affiliations:-See also:*Guinea-Bissau**List of heads of state of Guinea-Bissau**List of colonial heads of Portuguese Guinea...
    
     (1978–1980)
• Ivory Coast
  Côte d'Ivoire
  The Republic of Côte d'Ivoire or Ivory Coast is a country in West Africa. It has an area of , and borders the countries Liberia, Guinea, Mali, Burkina Faso and Ghana; its southern boundary is along the Gulf of Guinea. The country's population was 15,366,672 in 1998 and was estimated to be...
  
  
  • President - Félix Houphouët-Boigny
    Félix Houphouët-Boigny
    Félix Houphouët-Boigny , affectionately called Papa Houphouët or Le Vieux, was the first President of Côte d'Ivoire. Originally a village chief, he worked as a doctor, an administrator of a plantation, and a union leader, before being elected to the French Parliament and serving in a number of...
    
    , President of Ivory Coast (1960–1993)
• Kenya
  Kenya
  Kenya , officially known as the Republic of Kenya, is a country in East Africa that lies on the equator, with the Indian Ocean to its south-east...
  
  
  • President - Daniel arap Moi
    Daniel arap Moi
    Daniel Toroitich arap Moi was the President of Kenya from 1978 until 2002.Daniel arap Moi is popularly known to Kenyans as 'Nyayo', a Swahili word for 'footsteps'...
    
    , President of Kenya (1978–2002)
• Lesotho
  Lesotho
  Lesotho , officially the Kingdom of Lesotho, is a landlocked country and enclave, surrounded by the Republic of South Africa. It is just over in size with a population of approximately 2,067,000. Its capital and largest city is Maseru. Lesotho is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. The name...
  
  
  • Monarch - Moshoeshoe II
    Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho
    Moshoeshoe II , previously known as Constantine Bereng Seeiso, was the paramount chief of Lesotho, succeeding paramount chief Seeiso from 1960 until the country gained full independence from Britain in 1966...
    
    , King of Lesotho (1970–1990)
  • Prime Minister - Leabua Jonathan
    Leabua Jonathan
    Joseph Leabua Jonathan was the second Prime Minister of Lesotho. He succeeded Chief Sekhonyana Nehemia Maseribane following a by-election and held that post from 1965 to 1986.-Early life and career:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Lesotho (1965–1986)
• Liberia
  Liberia
  Liberia , officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Sierra Leone on the west, Guinea on the north and Côte d'Ivoire on the east. Liberia's coastline is composed of mostly mangrove forests while the more sparsely populated inland consists of forests that open...
  
  
  • President - William R. Tolbert, Jr.
    William R. Tolbert, Jr.
    William Richard Tolbert, Jr. was the 20th President of Liberia from 1971 to 1980.Trained as a civil servant, he entered the country's House of Representatives in 1955 for the True Whig Party, then the only established party in the country...
    
    , President of Liberia (1971–1980)
• Libya
  • De facto Head of State - Muammar Gaddafi
    Muammar Gaddafi
    Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar Gaddafi or "September 1942" 20 October 2011), commonly known as Muammar Gaddafi or Colonel Gaddafi, was the official ruler of the Libyan Arab Republic from 1969 to 1977 and then the "Brother Leader" of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011.He seized power in a...
    
    , Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1969–2011)
  • Nominal Head of State -
    1. Muammar Gaddafi
       Muammar Gaddafi
       Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar Gaddafi or "September 1942" 20 October 2011), commonly known as Muammar Gaddafi or Colonel Gaddafi, was the official ruler of the Libyan Arab Republic from 1969 to 1977 and then the "Brother Leader" of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011.He seized power in a...
       
       , Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council of Libya (1969–1979)
    2. Abdul Ati al-Obeidi
       Abdul Ati al-Obeidi
       Abdul Ati al-Obeidi is a Libyan politician and diplomat. He has held various top posts in Libya under Muammar Gaddafi; he was Prime Minister from 1977 to 1979 and Head of State from 1979 to 1981. Abdul Ati al-Obeidi was one of three main negotiators in Libya's decision to denounce and drop their...
       
       , General Secretary of the General People's Congress of Libya (1979–1981)
  • Head of Government -
    1. Abdul Ati al-Obeidi
       Abdul Ati al-Obeidi
       Abdul Ati al-Obeidi is a Libyan politician and diplomat. He has held various top posts in Libya under Muammar Gaddafi; he was Prime Minister from 1977 to 1979 and Head of State from 1979 to 1981. Abdul Ati al-Obeidi was one of three main negotiators in Libya's decision to denounce and drop their...
       
       , General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (1977–1979)
    2. Jadallah Azzuz at-Talhi
       Jadallah Azzuz at-Talhi
       Jadallah Azzuz at-Talhi is Libya's UN ambassador and held a Security Council chair for the January 2008 – December 2009 term. He was General Secretary of the People's Committee in Libya for two terms, the first term from 2 March 1979 to 16 February 1984 and the second term from September, 1986 to...
       
       , General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (1979–1984)
• Madagascar
  Madagascar
  The Republic of Madagascar is an island country located in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa...
  
  
  • President - Didier Ratsiraka
    Didier Ratsiraka
    Vice Admiral Didier Ratsiraka is a Malagasy politician who was President of Madagascar from 1975 to 1993 and from 1997 to 2002.-Second Republic:...
    
    , President of Madagascar (1975–1993)
  • Prime Minister - Désiré Rakotoarijaona
    Désiré Rakotoarijaona
    Lieutenant-Colonel Désiré Rakotoarijaona is a former Prime Minister of Madagascar. He held the position from 1 August 1977 until 12 February 1988 under President Didier Ratsiraka. Rakotoarijaona was replaced by Victor Ramahatra...
    
    , Prime Minister of Madagascar (1977–1988)
• Malawi
  Malawi
  The Republic of Malawi is a landlocked country in southeast Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland. It is bordered by Zambia to the northwest, Tanzania to the northeast, and Mozambique on the east, south and west. The country is separated from Tanzania and Mozambique by Lake Malawi. Its size...
  
  
  • President - Hastings Banda
    Hastings Banda
    Hastings Kamuzu Banda was the leader of Malawi and its predecessor state, Nyasaland, from 1961 to 1994. After receiving much of his education overseas, Banda returned to his home country to speak against colonialism and advocate for independence...
    
    , President for Life of Malawi (1966–1994)
• Mali
  Mali
  Mali , officially the Republic of Mali , is a landlocked country in Western Africa. Mali borders Algeria on the north, Niger on the east, Burkina Faso and the Côte d'Ivoire on the south, Guinea on the south-west, and Senegal and Mauritania on the west. Its size is just over 1,240,000 km² with...
  
  
  • President - Moussa Traoré
    Moussa Traoré
    General Moussa Traoré is a Malian soldier and politician. As a Lieutenant, he led the military ouster of President Modibo Keïta in 1968. Thereafter he served as Head of State from 1968-1979, and President of Mali from 1979 to 1991, when he was overthrown by popular protests and military coup...
    
    , President of Mali (1968–1991)
• Mauritania
  Mauritania
  Mauritania is a country in the Maghreb and West Africa. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean in the west, by Western Sahara in the north, by Algeria in the northeast, by Mali in the east and southeast, and by Senegal in the southwest...
  
  
  • Head of State -
    1. Mustafa Ould Salek
       Mustafa Ould Salek
       Col. Mustafa Ould Salek was the President of Mauritania from 1978 through 1979.Mustafa Ould Salek was appointed army commander by longtime President Mokhtar Ould Daddah in February, 1978, as the country faced dire economic crisis and was failing to contain the Polisario Front's Sahrawi guerrillas...
       
       , Head of State of Mauritania (1978–1979)
    2. Mohamed Mahmoud Ould Louly
       Mohamed Mahmoud Ould Louly
       Lt. Col. Mohamed Mahmoud Ould Louly was the President of Mauritania and Chairman of the Military Committee for National Salvation from 3 June 1979 to 4 January 1980.محمد-External links:...
       
       , Head of State of Mauritania (1979–1980)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Ahmed Ould Bouceif
       Ahmed Ould Bouceif
       Lt. Col. Ahmed Ould Bouceif was a Mauritanian military and political leader. In April 1979, he seized power in a coup d'état together with Col. Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidallah and other officers, ousting Col. Mustafa Ould Salek from power. He became prime minister in the new government...
       
       , Prime Minister of Mauritania (1979)
    2. Ahmed Salem Ould Sidi, Acting Prime Minister of Mauritania (1979)
    3. Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla
       Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla
       Ret. Col. Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidallah was the head of state of Mauritania from 4 January 1980 to 12 December 1984...
       
       , Prime Minister of Mauritania (1979–1980)
• Mauritius
  Mauritius (commonwealth realm)
  The commonwealth realm of Mauritius, known simply officially as 'Mauritius', was a predecessor to modern-day Republic of Mauritius and an independent state that existed between 1968 and 1992. When British rule ended in 1968, Mauritius was given independence as a commonwealth realm in which form the...
  
  
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Mauritius
    Commonwealth Realm
    A Commonwealth realm is a sovereign state within the Commonwealth of Nations that has Elizabeth II as its monarch and head of state. The sixteen current realms have a combined land area of 18.8 million km² , and a population of 134 million, of which all, except about two million, live in the six...
    
     (1968–1992)
  • Governor-General - Sir Dayendranath Burrenchobay
    Dayendranath Burrenchobay
    Sir Dayendranath Burrenchobay KBE, CMG, CVO, GCSK, was born in Plaine Magnien, Mauritius and served as Governor-General of Mauritius....
    
    , Governor-General of Mauritius (1978–1983)
  • Prime Minister - Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam
    Seewoosagur Ramgoolam
    Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam KT,GCMG,KCMG,LRCP, MRCS is the first Chief Minister, Prime Minister and sixth Governor General of Mauritius....
    
    , Prime Minister of Mauritius (1961–1982)
• Mayotte
  Mayotte
  Mayotte is an overseas department and region of France consisting of a main island, Grande-Terre , a smaller island, Petite-Terre , and several islets around these two. The archipelago is located in the northern Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean, namely between northwestern Madagascar and...
  
   (Territorial collectivity of France)
  • Prefect - Jean Rigotard, Prefect of Mayotte (1978–1980)
  • President of the General Council - Younoussa Bamana
    Younoussa Bamana
    Younoussa Bamana was a politician from Mayotte who served in the French National Assembly from 1978-1981 .- references :*...
    
    , President of the General Council of Mayotte
    General Council of Mayotte
    Mayotte elects on territorial level a legislature. The General Council has 19 members, elected for a three year term in single seat constituencies.- Presidents of the General Council:* Younoussa Bamana : 6 July 1977 – March 1991...
    
     (1976–1991)
• Morocco
  Morocco
  Morocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country located in North Africa. It has a population of more than 32 million and an area of 710,850 km², and also primarily administers the disputed region of the Western Sahara...
  
  
  • Monarch - Hassan II
    Hassan II of Morocco
    King Hassan II l-ḥasan aṯ-ṯānī, dial. el-ḥasan ettâni); July 9, 1929 – July 23, 1999) was King of Morocco from 1961 until his death in 1999...
    
    , King of Morocco (1961–1999)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Ahmed Osman
       Ahmed Osman (politician)
       Ahmed Osman was the Prime Minister of Morocco between November 2, 1972 and March 22, 1979. He is married to a daughter of King Mohammed V. He is also founder of the National Rally of Independents- References :...
       
       , Prime Minister of Morocco (1972–1979)
    2. Maati Bouabid
       Maati Bouabid
       Maati Bouabid was the Prime Minister of Morocco between March 22, 1979 and November 30, 1983. - References :...
       
       , Prime Minister of Morocco (1979–1983)
  • Western Sahara
    Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
    The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is a partially recognised state that claims sovereignty over the entire territory of Western Sahara, a former Spanish colony. SADR was proclaimed by the Polisario Front on February 27, 1976, in Bir Lehlu, Western Sahara. The SADR government controls about...
    
     (self-declared, partially recognized state)
    • President - Mohamed Abdelaziz
      Mohamed Abdelaziz
      Mohamed Abdelaziz is the 3rd and current Secretary General of the Polisario Front and President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic since 1976...
      
      , President of Western Sahara (1976–present)
    • Prime Minister - Mohamed Lamine Ould Ahmed
      Mohamed Lamine Ould Ahmed
      Mohamed Lamine Ould Ahmed is a Sahrawi politician and a member of the Polisario Front.One of the founding members of the Polisario, Mohamed Lamine Ould Ahmed became the first Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic in 1976, and held the post until 1982. He returned to office in...
      
      , Prime Minister of Western Sahara (1976–1982)
• Mozambique
  People's Republic of Mozambique
  The People's Republic of Mozambique , was a self-declared socialist state that lasted from June 25, 1975 through December 1, 1990, becoming the present day Republic of Mozambique.After gaining independence from Portugal in 1975, the People's Republic of Mozambique was established shortly...
  
  
  • Communist Party Leader - Samora Machel
    Samora Machel
    Samora Moisés Machel was a Mozambican military commander, revolutionary socialist leader and eventual President of Mozambique...
    
    , President of the Liberation Front of Mozambique (1975–1986)
  • President - Samora Machel
    Samora Machel
    Samora Moisés Machel was a Mozambican military commander, revolutionary socialist leader and eventual President of Mozambique...
    
    , President of Mozambique
    Heads of state of Mozambique
    -Presidents of Mozambique :-Affiliations:FRELIMO = Frente de Libertação de Moçambique...
    
     (1975–1986)
• Niger
  Niger
  Niger , officially named the Republic of Niger, is a landlocked country in Western Africa, named after the Niger River. It borders Nigeria and Benin to the south, Burkina Faso and Mali to the west, Algeria and Libya to the north and Chad to the east...
  
  
  • Head of State - Seyni Kountché
    Seyni Kountché
    Seyni Kountché was a Nigerien military officer who led a 1974 coup d'état that deposed the government of Niger's first president, Hamani Diori. He ruled the country as military head of state from 1974 to 1987...
    
    , President of the Supreme Military Council of Niger
    Heads of state of Niger
    -List of Heads of State of Niger:-Affiliations:-See also:*Niger*List of colonial heads of Niger*Heads of Government of Niger*Lists of Incumbents-References:*...
    
     (1974–1987)
• Nigeria
  Nigeria
  Nigeria , officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal constitutional republic comprising 36 states and its Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The country is located in West Africa and shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in...
  
  
  • Head of State -
    1. Olusegun Obasanjo, Head of the Federal Military Government of Nigeria
       President of Nigeria
       The President of Nigeria is the Head of State and head of the national executive. Officially styled President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and Commander-in-Chief of the Nigerian Armed Forces. The current President of Nigeria is Goodluck Jonathan.-History:On October 1, 1960, Nigeria gained...
       
        (1976–1979)
    2. Shehu Shagari
       Shehu Shagari
       Shehu Usman Aliyu Shagari, Turakin Sakkwato served as the President of Nigeria's Second Republic , after the handover of power by General Olusegun Obasanjo's military government....
       
       , President of Nigeria
       President of Nigeria
       The President of Nigeria is the Head of State and head of the national executive. Officially styled President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and Commander-in-Chief of the Nigerian Armed Forces. The current President of Nigeria is Goodluck Jonathan.-History:On October 1, 1960, Nigeria gained...
       
        (1979–1983)
• Rhodesia
  Rhodesia
  Rhodesia , officially the Republic of Rhodesia from 1970, was an unrecognised state located in southern Africa that existed between 1965 and 1979 following its Unilateral Declaration of Independence from the United Kingdom on 11 November 1965...
  
   (unrecognized, de facto independent country)
  • see under Zimbabwe Rhodesia
• Rwanda
  Rwanda
  Rwanda or , officially the Republic of Rwanda , is a country in central and eastern Africa with a population of approximately 11.4 million . Rwanda is located a few degrees south of the Equator, and is bordered by Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo...
  
  
  • President - Juvénal Habyarimana
    Juvénal Habyarimana
    Juvénal Habyarimana was the third President of the Republic of Rwanda, the post he held longer than any other president to date, from 1973 until 1994. During his 20-year rule he favored his own ethnic group, the Hutus, and supported the Hutu majority in neighboring Burundi against the Tutsi...
    
    , President of Rwanda (1973–1994)
• Saint Helena and Dependencies
  Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
  Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha is a British overseas territory and overseas territory of the European Union consisting of the islands of Saint Helena, Ascension Island and the Tristan da Cunha group...
  
   (British crown colony
  Crown colony
  A Crown colony, also known in the 17th century as royal colony, was a type of colonial administration of the English and later British Empire....
  
  )
  • Governor - Geoffrey Colin Guy
    Geoffrey Colin Guy
    Geoffrey Colin Guy CMG, CVO, OBE was the last Commissioner and the first Administrator of the Turks and Caicos from 1958 to 1959 and 1959 to 1965 respectively. Mr. Guy was succeeded by John Anthony Golding in 1965. He was administrator during Hurricane Donna, which in 106 devastated agriculture on...
    
    , Governor of Saint Helena
    Governor of Saint Helena
    The Governor of Saint Helena is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha...
    
     (1976–1981)
• São Tomé and Príncipe
  São Tomé and Príncipe
  São Tomé and Príncipe, officially the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, is a Portuguese-speaking island nation in the Gulf of Guinea, off the western equatorial coast of Central Africa. It consists of two islands: São Tomé and Príncipe, located about apart and about , respectively, off...
  
  
  • President - Manuel Pinto da Costa
    Manuel Pinto da Costa
    Manuel Pinto da Costa is a Santoméan economist and politician who served as the first President of São Tomé and Príncipe from 1975 to 1991. He was again elected as President in August 2011 and took office on 3 September 2011....
    
    , President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1975–1991)
  • Prime Minister - Miguel Trovoada
    Miguel Trovoada
    Miguel dos Anjos da Cunha Lisboa Trovoada was Prime Minister and President of São Tomé and Príncipe. Currently he is the Executive Secretary of the Gulf of Guinea Commission.-Background:...
    
    , Prime Minister of São Tomé and Principe (1975–1979)
• Senegal
  Senegal
  Senegal , officially the Republic of Senegal , is a country in western Africa. It owes its name to the Sénégal River that borders it to the east and north...
  
  
  • President - Léopold Sédar Senghor
    Léopold Sédar Senghor
    Léopold Sédar Senghor was a Senegalese poet, politician, and cultural theorist who for two decades served as the first president of Senegal . Senghor was the first African elected as a member of the Académie française. Before independence, he founded the political party called the Senegalese...
    
    , President of Senegal (1960–1980)
  • Prime Minister - Abdou Diouf
    Abdou Diouf
    Abdou Diouf was the second President of Senegal, serving from 1981 to 2000. Diouf is notable both for coming to power by peaceful succession, and leaving willingly after losing the 2000 presidential election to Abdoulaye Wade...
    
    , Prime Minister of Senegal
    Prime Minister of Senegal
    The Prime Minister of Senegal is the head of government of Senegal. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Senegal, who is directly elected for a five year term. The Prime Minister, in turn, appoints the Senegalese cabinet, after consultation with the President.This is a list of the...
    
     (1970–1980)
• Seychelles
  Seychelles
  Seychelles , officially the Republic of Seychelles , is an island country spanning an archipelago of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean, some east of mainland Africa, northeast of the island of Madagascar....
  
  
  • President - France-Albert René
    France-Albert René
    France-Albert René was the long-time socialist President of Seychelles from 1977 to 2004. He is known by government officials and party members as "the Boss". His name is often given as simply Albert René or F.A...
    
    , President of Seychelles (1977–2004)
• Sierra Leone
  Sierra Leone
  Sierra Leone , officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Guinea to the north and east, Liberia to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west and southwest. Sierra Leone covers a total area of and has an estimated population between 5.4 and 6.4...
  
  
  • President - Siaka Stevens
    Siaka Stevens
    Siaka Probyn Stevens was the 3rd prime minister of Sierra Leone from 1967–1971 and the 1st president of Sierra Leone from 1971–1985. Stevens is generally criticised for dictatorial methods of government in which many of his political opponents were executed, as well as for mismanaging...
    
    , President of Sierra Leone
    President of Sierra Leone
    The President of the Republic of Sierra Leone is the head of state and the head of government of Sierra Leone, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces...
    
     (1971–1985)
• Somalia
  Somali Democratic Republic
  The Somali Democratic Republic was the name that the communist regime of former President of Somalia Major General Mohamed Siad Barre gave to Somalia after seizing power during a bloodless coup d'état in 1969...
  
  
  • Communist Party Leader - Siad Barre
    Siad Barre
    Mohamed Siad Barre was the military dictator and President of the Somali Democratic Republic from 1969 to 1991. During his rule, he styled himself as Jaalle Siyaad ....
    
    , Secretary-general of the Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party
    Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party
    The Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party was the governing political party in Somalia from 1976 to 1991.- History :XHKS was created by the military regime of Siad Barre under Soviet guidance. A founding congress was held in June 1976. The congress elected a Central Committee, with Barre as the...
    
     (1976–1991)
  • President - Siad Barre
    Siad Barre
    Mohamed Siad Barre was the military dictator and President of the Somali Democratic Republic from 1969 to 1991. During his rule, he styled himself as Jaalle Siyaad ....
    
    , President of Somalia (1969–1991)
• South Africa
  South Africa
  The Republic of South Africa is a country in southern Africa. Located at the southern tip of Africa, it is divided into nine provinces, with of coastline on the Atlantic and Indian oceans...
  
  
  • President -
    1. B. J. Vorster, State President of South Africa
       State President of South Africa
       State President, or Staatspresident in Afrikaans, was the title of South Africa's head of state from 1961 to 1994. The office was established when the country became a republic in 1961, and Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be head of state...
       
        (1978–1979)
    2. Marais Viljoen
       Marais Viljoen
       Marais Viljoen was the last ceremonial State President of South Africa from 4 June 1979 until 3 September 1984. Viljoen became the last of the ceremonial presidents of South Africa when he was succeeded in 1984 by an executive president, P. W. Botha.- Early life :Viljoen was the youngest of six...
       
       , State President of South Africa
       State President of South Africa
       State President, or Staatspresident in Afrikaans, was the title of South Africa's head of state from 1961 to 1994. The office was established when the country became a republic in 1961, and Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be head of state...
       
        (1979–1984)
  • Prime Minister - P. W. Botha, Prime Minister of South Africa (1978–1984)
  • South West Africa
    South West Africa
    South-West Africa was the name that was used for the modern day Republic of Namibia during the earlier eras when the territory was controlled by the German Empire and later by South Africa....
    
     (League of Nations mandate
    League of Nations mandate
    A League of Nations mandate was a legal status for certain territories transferred from the control of one country to another following World War I, or the legal instruments that contained the internationally agreed-upon terms for administering the territory on behalf of the League...
    
     administered by South Africa)
    • Administrator-General -
      1. Marthinus T. Steyn, Administrator-General of South West Africa (1977–1979)
      2. Gerrit Viljoen
         Gerrit Viljoen
         Gerrit Van Niekerk Viljoen was a South African government minister and member of the National Party....
         
         , Administrator-General of South West Africa (1979–1980)
• Southern Rhodesia
  Southern Rhodesia
  Southern Rhodesia was the name of the British colony situated north of the Limpopo River and the Union of South Africa. From its independence in 1965 until its extinction in 1980, it was known as Rhodesia...
  
   (British crown colony
  Crown colony
  A Crown colony, also known in the 17th century as royal colony, was a type of colonial administration of the English and later British Empire....
  
  )
  • see under Zimbabwe Rhodesia
• Sudan
  Sudan
  Sudan , officially the Republic of the Sudan , is a country in North Africa, sometimes considered part of the Middle East politically. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the...
  
  
  • President - Gaafar Nimeiry
    Gaafar Nimeiry
    Gaafar Muhammad an-Nimeiry was the Nubian President of Sudan from 1969 to 1985...
    
    , President of Sudan (1969–1985)
  • Prime Minister - Gaafar Nimeiry
    Gaafar Nimeiry
    Gaafar Muhammad an-Nimeiry was the Nubian President of Sudan from 1969 to 1985...
    
    , Prime minister of Sudan
    Prime minister of Sudan
    -List of heads of government of Sudan:-Affiliations:*UNF - United National Front*NUP - National Unionist Party*DUP - Democratic Unionist Party...
    
     (1977–1985)
• Swaziland
  Swaziland
  Swaziland, officially the Kingdom of Swaziland , and sometimes called Ngwane or Swatini, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa, bordered to the north, south and west by South Africa, and to the east by Mozambique...
  
  
  • Monarch - Sobhuza II
    Sobhuza II of Swaziland
    Ngwenyama Sobhuza II was the Paramount Chief and later King of Swaziland. He was the son of Ngwane V.-Biography:...
    
    , King of Swaziland (1921–1982)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Maphevu Dlamini
       Maphevu Dlamini
       Maphevu Harry Dlamini was Prime Minister of Swaziland from 31 March 1976 until his death on 25 October 1979....
       
       , Prime Minister of Swaziland (1976–1979)
    2. Ben Nsibandze
       Ben Nsibandze
       Ben Nsibandze served as acting Prime Minister of Swaziland from 25 October 1979 to 23 November 1979. He is currently the chairperson of the National Disaster Management Agency.-References:...
       
       , Acting Prime Minister of Swaziland (1979)
    3. Prince Mabandla Dlamini
       Mabandla Dlamini
       Prince Mabandla Ndawombili Fred Dlamini was Prime Minister of Swaziland from 23 November 1979 to 25 March 1983.- References :...
       
       , Prime Minister of Swaziland (1979–1983)
• Tanzania
  Tanzania
  The United Republic of Tanzania is a country in East Africa bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north, Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west, and Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique to the south. The country's eastern borders lie on the Indian Ocean.Tanzania is a state...
  
  
  • President - Julius Nyerere
    Julius Nyerere
    Julius Kambarage Nyerere was a Tanzanian politician who served as the first President of Tanzania and previously Tanganyika, from the country's founding in 1961 until his retirement in 1985....
    
    , President of Tanzania (1962–1985)
  • Prime Minister - Edward Sokoine, Prime Minister of Tanzania (1977–1980)
• Togo
  Togo
  Togo, officially the Togolese Republic , is a country in West Africa bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. It extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, on which the capital Lomé is located. Togo covers an area of approximately with a population of approximately...
  
  
  • President - Gnassingbé Eyadéma
    Gnassingbé Eyadéma
    General Gnassingbé Eyadéma , was the President of Togo from 1967 until his death in 2005. He participated in two successful military coups, in January 1963 and January 1967, and became President on April 14, 1967...
    
    , President of Togo (1967–2005)
• Tunisia
  Tunisia
  Tunisia , officially the Tunisian RepublicThe long name of Tunisia in other languages used in the country is: , is the northernmost country in Africa. It is a Maghreb country and is bordered by Algeria to the west, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Its area...
  
  
  • President - Habib Bourguiba
    Habib Bourguiba
    Habib Bourguiba was a Tunisian statesman, the Founder and the first President of the Republic of Tunisia from July 25, 1957 until 7 November 1987...
    
    , President for Life of Tunisia
    President of Tunisia
    The President of Tunisia, formally known as the President of the Tunisian Republic is the head of state of Tunisia. Tunisia is a presidential republic in which the president is the head of the executive branch of government with the assistance of the Prime Minister of Tunisia, formally the head of...
    
     (1957–1987)
  • Prime Minister - Hedi Amara Nouira
    Hedi Amara Nouira
    Hédi Amara Nouira was a Tunisian politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Tunisia between 1970 and 1980....
    
    , Prime Minister of Tunisia
    Prime Minister of Tunisia
    The Prime Minister of the Tunisian Republic is the head of government of Tunisia. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Tunisia...
    
     (1970–1980)
• Uganda
  Uganda
  Uganda , officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country in East Africa. Uganda is also known as the "Pearl of Africa". It is bordered on the east by Kenya, on the north by South Sudan, on the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, on the southwest by Rwanda, and on the south by...
  
   -
  • President -
    1. Idi Amin
       Idi Amin
       Idi Amin Dada was a military leader and President of Uganda from 1971 to 1979. Amin joined the British colonial regiment, the King's African Rifles in 1946. Eventually he held the rank of Major General in the post-colonial Ugandan Army and became its Commander before seizing power in the military...
       
       , President for Life of Uganda
       President of Uganda
       -List of Presidents of Uganda:-Affiliations:-See also:*Uganda*Vice President of Uganda*Prime Minister of Uganda*Politics of Uganda*History of Uganda*Political parties of Uganda...
       
        (1971–1979)
    2. Yusufu Lule, President of Uganda
       President of Uganda
       -List of Presidents of Uganda:-Affiliations:-See also:*Uganda*Vice President of Uganda*Prime Minister of Uganda*Politics of Uganda*History of Uganda*Political parties of Uganda...
       
        (1979)
    3. Godfrey Binaisa
       Godfrey Binaisa
       Godfrey Lukongwa Binaisa QC was a Ugandan lawyer who was Attorney General of Uganda from 1962 to 1968 and later served as President of Uganda from June 1979 to May 1980. At his death he was Uganda's only surviving former president....
       
       , President of Uganda
       President of Uganda
       -List of Presidents of Uganda:-Affiliations:-See also:*Uganda*Vice President of Uganda*Prime Minister of Uganda*Politics of Uganda*History of Uganda*Political parties of Uganda...
       
        (1979–1980)
• Upper Volta
  Republic of Upper Volta
  The Republic of Upper Volta was established on December 11, 1958, as a self-governing colony within the French Community. Before attaining autonomy it had been French Upper Volta and part of the French Union. On August 5, 1960 it attained full independence from France.Thomas Sankara came to power...
  
  
  • President - Sangoulé Lamizana
    Sangoulé Lamizana
    Major General Aboubakar Sangoulé Lamizana was the second president of Upper Volta , in power from January 3, 1966 to November 25, 1980...
    
    , President of Upper Volta (1966–1980)
  • Prime Minister - Joseph Conombo
    Joseph Conombo
    Joseph Issoufou Conombo served as Prime Minister of Upper Volta from 7 July 1978 to 25 November 1980...
    
    , Prime Minister of Upper Volta (1978–1980)
• Zaire
  Zaire
  The Republic of Zaire was the name of the present Democratic Republic of the Congo between 27 October 1971 and 17 May 1997. The name of Zaire derives from the , itself an adaptation of the Kongo word nzere or nzadi, or "the river that swallows all rivers".-Self-proclaimed Father of the Nation:In...
  
  
  • President - Mobutu Sese Seko
    Mobutu Sese Seko
    Mobutu Sese Seko Nkuku Ngbendu wa Za Banga , commonly known as Mobutu or Mobutu Sese Seko , born Joseph-Désiré Mobutu, was the President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 1965 to 1997...
    
    , President of Zaire (1965–1994)
  • Head of Government -
    1. Mpinga Kasenga, First State Commissioner of Zaire (1977–1979)
    2. Bo-Boliko Lokonga Monse Mihambo, First State Commissioner of Zaire (1979–1980)
• Zambia
  Zambia
  Zambia , officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. The neighbouring countries are the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Tanzania to the north-east, Malawi to the east, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana and Namibia to the south, and Angola to the west....
  
  
  • President - Kenneth Kaunda
    Kenneth Kaunda
    Kenneth David Kaunda, known as KK, served as the first President of Zambia, from 1964 to 1991.-Early life:Kaunda was the youngest of eight children. He was born at Lubwa Mission in Chinsali, Northern Province of Northern Rhodesia, now Zambia...
    
    , President of Zambia (1964–1991)
  • Prime Minister - Daniel Lisulo
    Daniel Lisulo
    Daniel Muchiwa Lisulo was the Prime Minister of Zambia from June 1978 until February 1981. Born in Mongu, Zambia, Lisulo married Mary Mambo in 1967; she died in 1976, leaving Lisulo with two daughters. Lisulo served as the director of the Bank of Zambia from 1964 to 1977 before becoming Prime...
    
    , Prime Minister of Zambia
    Prime Minister of Zambia
    -Prime Ministers of Zambia :-External links:*...
    
     (1978–1981)
• Zimbabwe Rhodesia
  Zimbabwe Rhodesia
  Zimbabwe Rhodesia , officially the Republic of Zimbabwe Rhodesia, was an unrecognized state that existed from 1 June 1979 to 12 December 1979...
  
   (unrecognized, de facto independent country)
  • Rhodesia
    Rhodesia
    Rhodesia , officially the Republic of Rhodesia from 1970, was an unrecognised state located in southern Africa that existed between 1965 and 1979 following its Unilateral Declaration of Independence from the United Kingdom on 11 November 1965...
    
     changed name to Zimbabwe Rhodesia
    Zimbabwe Rhodesia
    Zimbabwe Rhodesia , officially the Republic of Zimbabwe Rhodesia, was an unrecognized state that existed from 1 June 1979 to 12 December 1979...
    
     on 1 June 1979 and returned to British colonial status as Southern Rhodesia
    Southern Rhodesia
    Southern Rhodesia was the name of the British colony situated north of the Limpopo River and the Union of South Africa. From its independence in 1965 until its extinction in 1980, it was known as Rhodesia...
    
     on 12 December 1979
  • President -
    1. Jack William Pithey
       Jack William Pithey
       Jack William Pithey GOLM, ICD, CBE was a Rhodesian politician who served as acting President of Rhodesia between 1 November 1978 and 5 March 1979...
       
       , Acting President of Rhodesia
       President of Rhodesia
       The position of President of Rhodesia was the nominal head of state of Rhodesia from 1970 to 1979. As with Rhodesia itself, the position lacked international recognition for the entire period. The position of president, however, was mostly symbolic, and Rhodesia never had a presidential system of...
       
        (1978–1979)
    2. Henry Everard
       Henry Everard
       Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Breedon Everard DSO was a railway engineer and executive who became for a brief time the Acting President of Rhodesia during the U.D.I. period....
       
       , Acting President of Rhodesia
       President of Rhodesia
       The position of President of Rhodesia was the nominal head of state of Rhodesia from 1970 to 1979. As with Rhodesia itself, the position lacked international recognition for the entire period. The position of president, however, was mostly symbolic, and Rhodesia never had a presidential system of...
       
        (1979)
    3. Josiah Zion Gumede
       Josiah Zion Gumede
       Josiah Zion Gumede was the only president of the self-proclaimed, and internationally unrecognised, state of Zimbabwe Rhodesia during 1979, before Rhodesia briefly reverted to British rule until the country's independence as Zimbabwe in 1980...
       
       , President of Zimbabwe Rhodesia
       President of Zimbabwe Rhodesia
       President of Zimbabwe Rhodesia was a short-lived office in the Republic of Zimbabwe Rhodesia. It was never internationally recognized.The only President of Zimbabwe Rhodesia was Josiah Zion Gumede who ruled from 1 June 1979 until 12 December 1979 when the country was taken into...
       
        (1979)
  • Governor - Christopher Soames, Baron Soames
    Christopher Soames, Baron Soames
    Arthur Christopher John Soames, Baron Soames, GCMG, GCVO, CH, CBE, PC was a British politician belonging to the Conservative Party and the son-in-law of Winston Churchill. A European Commissioner and the last Governor of Southern Rhodesia, he had previously been the longtime Member of Parliament...
    
    , Governor of Southern Rhodesia (1979–1980)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Ian Smith
       Ian Smith
       Ian Douglas Smith GCLM ID was a politician active in the government of Southern Rhodesia, the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Rhodesia, Zimbabwe Rhodesia and Zimbabwe from 1948 to 1987, most notably serving as Prime Minister of Rhodesia from 13 April 1964 to 1 June 1979...
       
       , Prime Minister of Rhodesia
       Prime Minister of Rhodesia
       The Prime Minister of Rhodesia was the head of government in the colony of Rhodesia. Rhodesia's political system was modelled on the Westminster system and the Prime Minister's role was similar to that of the same position in other countries such as the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New...
       
        (1965–1979)
    2. Abel Muzorewa
       Abel Muzorewa
       Bishop Abel Tendekayi Muzorewa served as Prime Minister of Zimbabwe Rhodesia from the Internal Settlement to the Lancaster House Agreement in 1979...
       
       , Prime Minister of Zimbabwe Rhodesia
       Prime Minister of Rhodesia
       The Prime Minister of Rhodesia was the head of government in the colony of Rhodesia. Rhodesia's political system was modelled on the Westminster system and the Prime Minister's role was similar to that of the same position in other countries such as the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New...
       
        (1979)

Asia

• Afghanistan
  Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
  The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan was a government of Afghanistan between 1978 and 1992. It was both ideologically close to and economically dependent on the Soviet Union, and was a major belligerent of the Afghan Civil War.- Saur Revolution :...
  
  
  • Head of State -
    1. Nur Mohammad Taraki, Chairman of the Revolutionary Council of Afghanistan
       President of Afghanistan
       Afghanistan has only been a republic between 1973 and 1992 and from 2001 onwards. Before 1973, it was a monarchy that was governed by a variety of kings, emirs or shahs...
       
        (1978–1979)
    2. Hafizullah Amin
       Hafizullah Amin
       Hafizullah Amin was the second President of Afghanistan during the period of the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan....
       
       , Chairman of the Revolutionary Council of Afghanistan
       President of Afghanistan
       Afghanistan has only been a republic between 1973 and 1992 and from 2001 onwards. Before 1973, it was a monarchy that was governed by a variety of kings, emirs or shahs...
       
        (1979-1979)
    3. Babrak Karmal
       Babrak Karmal
       Babrak Karmal was the third President of Afghanistan during the period of the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. He is the best known of the Marxist leadership....
       
       , Chairman of the Revolutionary Council of Afghanistan
       President of Afghanistan
       Afghanistan has only been a republic between 1973 and 1992 and from 2001 onwards. Before 1973, it was a monarchy that was governed by a variety of kings, emirs or shahs...
       
        (1979–1986)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Nur Mohammad Taraki, Prime Minister of Afghanistan
       Prime Minister of Afghanistan
       The Prime Minister of Afghanistan is a currently defunct post in the Afghan Government.The position was created in 1927, and was appointed by the king, mostly as an advisor, until the end of the monarchy in 1973...
       
        (1978–1979)
    2. Hafizullah Amin
       Hafizullah Amin
       Hafizullah Amin was the second President of Afghanistan during the period of the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan....
       
       , Prime Minister of Afghanistan
       Prime Minister of Afghanistan
       The Prime Minister of Afghanistan is a currently defunct post in the Afghan Government.The position was created in 1927, and was appointed by the king, mostly as an advisor, until the end of the monarchy in 1973...
       
        (1979)
    3. Babrak Karmal
       Babrak Karmal
       Babrak Karmal was the third President of Afghanistan during the period of the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. He is the best known of the Marxist leadership....
       
       , Prime Minister of Afghanistan
       Prime Minister of Afghanistan
       The Prime Minister of Afghanistan is a currently defunct post in the Afghan Government.The position was created in 1927, and was appointed by the king, mostly as an advisor, until the end of the monarchy in 1973...
       
        (1979–1981)
• Bahrain
  Bahrain
  ' , officially the Kingdom of Bahrain , is a small island state near the western shores of the Persian Gulf. It is ruled by the Al Khalifa royal family. The population in 2010 stood at 1,214,705, including 235,108 non-nationals. Formerly an emirate, Bahrain was declared a kingdom in 2002.Bahrain is...
  
  
  • Monarch - Sheikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Emir of Bahrain
    King of Bahrain
    The King of Bahrain ‎ is the monarch and head of state of Bahrain. Between 1783 and 1971, the Bahraini monarch held the title of Hakim, and, from 1971 until 2002, the title of Emir...
    
     (1961–1999)
  • Prime Minister - Sheikh Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa, Prime Minister of Bahrain
    Prime Minister of Bahrain
    In Bahrain, the Prime Minister is the head of government of the country. According to the Constitution of Bahrain, the Prime Minister is appointed directly by the King, and needs not be an elected member of the Council of Representatives....
    
     (1970–present)
• Bangladesh
  Bangladesh
  Bangladesh , officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh is a sovereign state located in South Asia. It is bordered by India on all sides except for a small border with Burma to the far southeast and by the Bay of Bengal to the south...
  
  
  • President - Ziaur Rahman
    Ziaur Rahman
    President Ziaur Rahman, Bir Uttam, was a Bangladeshi politician and general, who read the declaration of Independence of Bangladesh on March 26, 1971 on behalf of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. He later became the seventh President of Bangladesh from 1977 until 1981...
    
    , President of Bangladesh (1977–1981)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Mashiur Rahman
       Mashiur Rahman
       Mashiur Rahman is a First-class and List A cricketer from Bangladesh. A right-handed batsman and right arm medium pace bowler, he is sometimes referred to on scoresheets by his nickname Manju. He made his first class debut for Barisal Division in 2001/02 and also represented them in one day...
       
       , Senior Minister of Bangladesh
       Prime Minister of Bangladesh
       The Prime Minister of the People's Republic of Bangladesh is the Head of the Government of Bangladesh. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Jatiya Sangsad Parliament, to their political party and ultimately to the electorate...
       
        (1978–1979)
    2. Shah Azizur Rahman
       Shah Azizur Rahman
       Shah Azizur Rahman was a Bangladeshi politician who served as the Prime Minister of Bangladesh. However, he was the subject of considerable controversy for his collaboration with the Pakistan Army against the struggle to establish Bangladesh....
       
       , Prime Minister of Bangladesh
       Prime Minister of Bangladesh
       The Prime Minister of the People's Republic of Bangladesh is the Head of the Government of Bangladesh. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Jatiya Sangsad Parliament, to their political party and ultimately to the electorate...
       
        (1979–1982)
• Bhutan
  Bhutan
  Bhutan , officially the Kingdom of Bhutan, is a landlocked state in South Asia, located at the eastern end of the Himalayas and bordered to the south, east and west by the Republic of India and to the north by the People's Republic of China...
  
  
  • Monarch - Jigme Singye Wangchuck
    Jigme Singye Wangchuck
    Jigme Singye Wangchuck is the former King of Bhutan. He was the fourth Dragon King of Bhutan from 1972 until his abdication in favour of his eldest son, Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, in 2006...
    
    , King of Bhutan (1972–2006)
• Brunei
  Brunei
  Brunei , officially the State of Brunei Darussalam or the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace , is a sovereign state located on the north coast of the island of Borneo, in Southeast Asia...
  
   (British protected state)
  • High Commissioner - Arthur Christopher Watson
    Arthur Christopher Watson
    Arthur Christopher Watson CMG, Watson was born in China, and educated at St Catharine's College, Cambridge. He was a British Civil Servant....
    
    , British High Commissioner in Brunei (1978–1984)
  • Monarch - Hassanal Bolkiah
    Hassanal Bolkiah
    General Haji Sir Hassan al-Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah GCB GCMG is the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam, the 29th Sultan of Brunei and the first Prime Minister of Brunei Darussalam...
    
    , Sultan of Brunei (1967–present)
  • Chief Minister - Pengiran Dipa Negara Laila Diraja Pengiran Abdul Mumin, Chief Minister of Brunei (1972–1981)
• Burma
  • President - Ne Win
    Ne Win
    Ne Win was Burmese a politician and military commander. He was Prime Minister of Burma from 1958 to 1960 and 1962 to 1974 and also head of state from 1962 to 1981...
    
    , President of Burma
    President of Burma
    The President of Burma is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, and leads the executive branch of the Burmese government, and heads the Cabinet of Burma. The president is elected by members of parliament, not by the general population. The Presidential...
    
     (1962–1981)
  • Prime Minister - Maung Maung Kha
    Maung Maung Kha
    Maung Maung Kha was the 8th Prime Minister of Myanmar between 1977 and 1988.Maung Maung Kha was born to Khin Tint and Chit Pe in Yangon. He enrolled in University of Rangoon in 1937 to study engineering but left school in the final year of studies to join the Burma Independence Army in 1941...
    
    , Prime Minister of Burma (1977–1988)
• China (People's Republic of China)
  People's Republic of China
  China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
  
  
  • De facto leader - Deng Xiaoping
    Deng Xiaoping
    Deng Xiaoping was a Chinese politician, statesman, and diplomat. As leader of the Communist Party of China, Deng was a reformer who led China towards a market economy...
    
     (late 1970s - early 1990s)
  • Communist Party Leader - Hua Guofeng
    Hua Guofeng
    Su Zhu, better known by the nom de guerre Hua Guofeng , was Mao Zedong's designated successor as the Paramount Leader of the Communist Party of China and the People's Republic of China. Upon Zhou Enlai's death in 1976, he succeeded Zhou as the second Premier of the People's Republic of China...
    
    , Chairman of the Communist Party of China
    Chairman of the Communist Party of China
    The Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was the head of the Communist Party of China . In 1982, it was succeeded by the General Secretary of the Central Committee.-History and functions:...
    
     (1976–1981)
  • De facto Head of State - Ye Jianying
    Ye Jianying
    Ye Jianying was a Chinese communist general and the chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress from 1978 to 1983.-Biography:...
    
    , Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China
    Chairmen of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
    The Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress is the chairman and/or speaker of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China, which is considered China's top legislative body...
    
     (1978–1983)
  • Premier - Hua Guofeng
    Hua Guofeng
    Su Zhu, better known by the nom de guerre Hua Guofeng , was Mao Zedong's designated successor as the Paramount Leader of the Communist Party of China and the People's Republic of China. Upon Zhou Enlai's death in 1976, he succeeded Zhou as the second Premier of the People's Republic of China...
    
    , Premier of the People's Republic of China
    Premier of the People's Republic of China
    The Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China , sometimes also referred to as the "Prime Minister" informally, is the Leader of the State Council of the People's Republic of China , who is the head of government and holds the highest-ranking of the Civil service of the...
    
     (1976–1980)
• Hong Kong
  Hong Kong
  Hong Kong is one of two Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China , the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour...
  
   (British crown colony
  Crown colony
  A Crown colony, also known in the 17th century as royal colony, was a type of colonial administration of the English and later British Empire....
  
  )
  • Governor - Sir Murray MacLehose
    Murray MacLehose, Baron MacLehose of Beoch
    Crawford Murray MacLehose, Baron MacLehose of Beoch, KT, GBE, KCMG, KCVO, DL was the 25th Governor of Hong Kong, from 1971 to 1982.-Early life and career:Murray MacLehose was born in Glasgow, Scotland in October 1917...
    
    , Governor of Hong Kong
    Governor of Hong Kong
    The Governor of Hong Kong was the head of the government of Hong Kong during British rule from 1843 to 1997. The governor's roles were defined in the Hong Kong Letters Patent and Royal Instructions...
    
     (1971–1982)
• India
  India
  India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
  
  
  • President - Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
    Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
    Neelam Sanjiva Reddy was the sixth President of India, serving from 1977 to 1982 and was the only person to be elected President of India unopposed....
    
    , President of India
    President of India
    The President of India is the head of state and first citizen of India, as well as the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces. President of India is also the formal head of all the three branches of Indian Democracy - Legislature, Executive and Judiciary...
    
     (1977–1982)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Morarji Desai
       Morarji Desai
       Morarji Ranchhodji Desai was an Indian independence activist and the fourth Prime Minister of India from 1977–79. He was the first Indian Prime Minister who did not belong to the Indian National Congress...
       
       , Prime Minister of India
       Prime Minister of India
       The Prime Minister of India , as addressed to in the Constitution of India — Prime Minister for the Union, is the chief of government, head of the Council of Ministers and the leader of the majority party in parliament...
       
        (1977–1979)
    2. Charan Singh, Prime Minister of India
       Prime Minister of India
       The Prime Minister of India , as addressed to in the Constitution of India — Prime Minister for the Union, is the chief of government, head of the Council of Ministers and the leader of the majority party in parliament...
       
        (1979–1980)
• Indonesia
  Indonesia
  Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
  
  
  • President - Suharto, President of Indonesia (1967–1998)
• Iran
  Iran
  Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
  
  
  • Empire of Iran
    Pahlavi dynasty
    The Pahlavi dynasty consisted of two Iranian/Persian monarchs, father and son Reza Shah Pahlavi and Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi The Pahlavi dynasty consisted of two Iranian/Persian monarchs, father and son Reza Shah Pahlavi (reg. 1925–1941) and Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi The Pahlavi dynasty ...
    
     superseded by the Islamic Republic of Iran
    Iran
    Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
    
     on 1 April 1979
  • Monarch - Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
    Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
    Mohammad Rezā Shāh Pahlavi, Shah of Iran, Shah of Persia , ruled Iran from 16 September 1941 until his overthrow by the Iranian Revolution on 11 February 1979...
    
    , Shah of Iran
    Pahlavi dynasty
    The Pahlavi dynasty consisted of two Iranian/Persian monarchs, father and son Reza Shah Pahlavi and Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi The Pahlavi dynasty consisted of two Iranian/Persian monarchs, father and son Reza Shah Pahlavi (reg. 1925–1941) and Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi The Pahlavi dynasty ...
    
     (1941–1979)
  • Supreme Leader - Ruhollah Khomeini
    Ruhollah Khomeini
    Grand Ayatollah Sayyed Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini was an Iranian religious leader and politician, and leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution which saw the overthrow of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran...
    
    , Supreme Leader of Iran
    Supreme Leader of Iran
    The Supreme Leader of Iran is the highest ranking political and religious authority in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The post was established by the constitution in accordance with the concept of Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists...
    
     (1979–1989)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Gholam Reza Azhari, Prime Minister of Iran (1978–1979)
    2. Shapour Bakhtiar
       Shapour Bakhtiar
       Shapour Bakhtiar was an Iranian political scientist, writer and the last Prime Minister of Iran under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi...
       
       , Prime Minister of Iran (1979)
    3. Mehdi Bazargan
       Mehdi Bazargan
       Mehdi Bazargan was a prominent Iranian scholar, academic, long-time pro-democracy activist and head of Iran's interim government, making him Iran's first prime minister after the Iranian Revolution of 1979. He was the head of the first engineering department of Tehran University...
       
       , Acting Prime Minister of Iran (1979)
    4. Council of Islamic revolution, Government of Iran (1979–1980)
• Iraq
  Ba'athist Iraq
  The History of Iraq , referred to as Ba'athist Iraq, covers the period of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party's rule over Iraq. Ba'athist rule in Iraq first occurred briefly in 1963 under Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr until overthrown that same year. Ba'athism was restored to power five years later after...
  
  
  • President -
    1. Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
       Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
       General Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr , was the fourth President of Iraq from 1968 to 1979.-Military career:...
       
       , President of Iraq (1968–1979)
    2. Saddam Hussein
       Saddam Hussein
       Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti was the fifth President of Iraq, serving in this capacity from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003...
       
       , President of Iraq (1979–2003)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
       Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
       General Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr , was the fourth President of Iraq from 1968 to 1979.-Military career:...
       
       , Prime Minister of Iraq (1968–1979)
    2. Saddam Hussein
       Saddam Hussein
       Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti was the fifth President of Iraq, serving in this capacity from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003...
       
       , Prime Minister of Iraq (1979–1991)
• Israel
  Israel
  The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...
  
  
  • President - Yitzhak Navon
    Yitzhak Navon
    Yitzhak Navon is an Israeli politician, diplomat, and author. He served as the fifth President of Israel between 1978 and 1982 as a member of the center-left Alignment party...
    
    , President of Israel
    President of Israel
    The President of the State of Israel is the head of state of Israel. The position is largely an apolitical ceremonial figurehead role, with the real executive power lying in the hands of the Prime Minister. The current president is Shimon Peres who took office on 15 July 2007...
    
     (1978–1983)
  • Prime Minister - Menachem Begin
    Menachem Begin
    ' was a politician, founder of Likud and the sixth Prime Minister of the State of Israel. Before independence, he was the leader of the Zionist militant group Irgun, the Revisionist breakaway from the larger Jewish paramilitary organization Haganah. He proclaimed a revolt, on 1 February 1944,...
    
    , Prime Minister of Israel
    Prime Minister of Israel
    The Prime Minister of Israel is the head of the Israeli government and the most powerful political figure in Israel . The prime minister is the country's chief executive. The official residence of the prime minister, Beit Rosh Hamemshala is in Jerusalem...
    
     (1977–1983)
• Japan
  Japan
  Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
  
  
  • Monarch - Hirohito
    Hirohito
    , posthumously in Japan officially called Emperor Shōwa or , was the 124th Emperor of Japan according to the traditional order, reigning from December 25, 1926, until his death in 1989. Although better known outside of Japan by his personal name Hirohito, in Japan he is now referred to...
    
    , Emperor of Japan
    Emperor of Japan
    The Emperor of Japan is, according to the 1947 Constitution of Japan, "the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people." He is a ceremonial figurehead under a form of constitutional monarchy and is head of the Japanese Imperial Family with functions as head of state. He is also the highest...
    
     (1926–1989)
  • Prime Minister - Masayoshi Ōhira
    Masayoshi Ohira
    was a Japanese politician and the 68th and 69th Prime Minister of Japan from December 7, 1978 to June 12, 1980. He is the most recent Japanese prime minister to die in office.He was born in present day Kan'onji, Kagawa and attended Hitotsubashi University....
    
    , Prime Minister of Japan
    Prime Minister of Japan
    The is the head of government of Japan. He is appointed by the Emperor of Japan after being designated by the Diet from among its members, and must enjoy the confidence of the House of Representatives to remain in office...
    
     (1978–1980)
• Jordan
  Jordan
  Jordan , officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan , Al-Mamlaka al-Urduniyya al-Hashemiyya) is a kingdom on the East Bank of the River Jordan. The country borders Saudi Arabia to the east and south-east, Iraq to the north-east, Syria to the north and the West Bank and Israel to the west, sharing...
  
  
  • Monarch - Hussein
    Hussein of Jordan
    Hussein bin Talal was the third King of Jordan from the abdication of his father, King Talal, in 1952, until his death. Hussein's rule extended through the Cold War and four decades of Arab-Israeli conflict...
    
    , King of Jordan (1952–1999)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Mudar Badran
       Mudar Badran
       Mudar Seyyid Muhammad Badran is a retired Jordanian politician.Badran was born in Jerash, Jordan. He served as firstly as the secret service dirctor in the 1970's, which was when the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan was facing a civil war against the "Feda'eyn". He also served as a Minister of...
       
       , Prime Minister of Jordan (1976–1979)
    2. Abdelhamid Sharaf
       Abdelhamid Sharaf
       Abdelhamid Sharaf , was prime minister of Jordan from December 1979 until his death of a heart attack after 7 months in office. He was previously ambassador to the U.S., Canada and the United Nations.-External links:*...
       
       , Prime Minister of Jordan (1979–1980)
• Kampuchea
  People's Republic of Kampuchea
  The People's Republic of Kampuchea , , was founded in Cambodia by the Salvation Front, a group of Cambodian leftists dissatisfied with the Khmer Rouge, after the overthrow of Democratic Kampuchea, Pol Pot's government...
  
  
  • Democratic Kampuchea
    Democratic Kampuchea
    The Khmer Rouge period refers to the rule of Pol Pot, Nuon Chea, Ieng Sary, Son Sen, Khieu Samphan and the Khmer Rouge Communist party over Cambodia, which the Khmer Rouge renamed as Democratic Kampuchea....
    
     changed name to People's Republic of Kampuchea
    People's Republic of Kampuchea
    The People's Republic of Kampuchea , , was founded in Cambodia by the Salvation Front, a group of Cambodian leftists dissatisfied with the Khmer Rouge, after the overthrow of Democratic Kampuchea, Pol Pot's government...
    
     on 7 January 1979
  • Head of State -
    1. Khieu Samphan
       Khieu Samphan
       Khieu Samphan was the president of the state presidium of Democratic Kampuchea from 1976 until 1979. As such, he served as Cambodia's head of state and was one of the most powerful officials in the Khmer Rouge movement, though Pol Pot was the group's true political leader and held the most...
       
       , President of the State Presidium of Kampuchea (1976–1979)
    2. Heng Samrin
       Heng Samrin
       Heng Samrin is a Cambodian politician. He was the chairman of the People's Republic of Kampuchea and the State of Cambodia , and later vice chairman and chairman of the National Assembly of Cambodia since 2006....
       
       , Chairman of the Council of State of Kampuchea (1979–1992)
  • Prime Minister - Pol Pot
    Pol Pot
    Saloth Sar , better known as Pol Pot, , was a Cambodian Maoist revolutionary who led the Khmer Rouge from 1963 until his death in 1998. From 1976 to 1979, he served as the Prime Minister of Democratic Kampuchea....
    
    , Prime Minister of Kampuchea
    Prime Minister of Cambodia
    The Prime Minister of Cambodia , is the head of government of the Kingdom of Cambodia. Prime Minister is appointed by the King under Article 119 of the Constitution and is responsible for leading the government of the Kingdom.-Constitutional powers:The powers of the Prime Minister are established...
    
     (1976–1979)
• North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)
  North Korea
  The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea , , is a country in East Asia, occupying the northern half of the Korean Peninsula. Its capital and largest city is Pyongyang. The Korean Demilitarized Zone serves as the buffer zone between North Korea and South Korea...
  
  
  • Communist Party Leader - Kim Il-sung
    Kim Il-sung
    Kim Il-sung was a Korean communist politician who led the Democratic People's Republic of Korea from its founding in 1948 until his death in 1994. He held the posts of Prime Minister from 1948 to 1972 and President from 1972 to his death...
    
    , General Secretary of the Korean Workers' Party
    Workers' Party of Korea
    The Workers' Party of Korea is the ruling Communist party of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea , commonly known as North Korea. It is also called the Korean Workers' Party...
    
     (1948–1994)
  • President - Kim Il-sung
    Kim Il-sung
    Kim Il-sung was a Korean communist politician who led the Democratic People's Republic of Korea from its founding in 1948 until his death in 1994. He held the posts of Prime Minister from 1948 to 1972 and President from 1972 to his death...
    
    , President of North Korea
    President of North Korea
    The President of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea was established in the Constitution of North Korea, 1972. Until then, Kim Il-sung, the ruler of North Korea, used the posts Premier and General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea...
    
     (1972–1994)
  • Premier - Li Jong-ok
    Li Jong-ok
    Li Jong-ok was the Premier of North Korea from 1977 to 1984. He succeeded Park Sung-chul.-See also:* List of Korea-related topics...
    
    , Premier of North Korea (1977–1984)
• South Korea (Republic of Korea)
  South Korea
  The Republic of Korea , , is a sovereign state in East Asia, located on the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula. It is neighbored by the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east, North Korea to the north, and the East China Sea and Republic of China to the south...
  
  
  • President -
    1. Park Chung-hee
       Park Chung-hee
       Park Chung-hee was a Republic of Korea Army general and the leader of South Korea from 1961 to 1979. He seized power in a military coup and ruled until his assassination in 1979. He has been credited with the industrialization of the Republic of Korea through export-led growth...
       
       , President of South Korea
       President of South Korea
       The President of the Republic of Korea is, according to the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, chief executive of the government, commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and the head of state of the Republic of Korea...
       
        (1962–1979)
    2. Choi Kyu-hah, President of South Korea
       President of South Korea
       The President of the Republic of Korea is, according to the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, chief executive of the government, commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and the head of state of the Republic of Korea...
       
        (1979–1980)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Choi Kyu-hah, Prime Minister of South Korea
       Prime Minister of South Korea
       The Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea is appointed by the President with the National Assembly's approval. Unlike prime ministers in the parliamentary system, the Prime Minister of South Korea is not required to be a member of parliament....
       
        (1975–1979)
    2. Shin Hyun-hwak, Prime Minister of South Korea
       Prime Minister of South Korea
       The Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea is appointed by the President with the National Assembly's approval. Unlike prime ministers in the parliamentary system, the Prime Minister of South Korea is not required to be a member of parliament....
       
        (1979–1980)
• Kuwait
  Kuwait
  The State of Kuwait is a sovereign Arab state situated in the north-east of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south at Khafji, and Iraq to the north at Basra. It lies on the north-western shore of the Persian Gulf. The name Kuwait is derived from the...
  
  
  • Monarch - Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
    Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
    Jaber III al-Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah, GCB , GCMG of the al-Sabah dynasty, was the Emir and thirteenth Sheikh of Kuwait, serving from December 31, 1977 until his death on January 15, 2006...
    
    , Emir of Kuwait (1977–2006)
  • Prime Minister - Sheikh Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah
    Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah
    Sheikh Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah, KCMG was the Emir of Kuwait during a short reign of nine days , succeeding the late Sheikh Jaber....
    
    , Prime Minister of Kuwait (1978–2003)
• Laos
  Laos
  Laos Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south and Thailand to the west...
  
  
  • Communist Party Leader - Kaysone Phomvihane
    Kaysone Phomvihane
    Kaysone Phomvihane was the leader of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party from 1955, though Souphanouvong served in a figurehead role...
    
    , General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party
    Lao People's Revolutionary Party
    The Lao People's Revolutionary Party is a communist political party that has governed Laos since 1975. The policy-making organs are the politburo and the central committee. A party congress, which elects members to the politburo and central committee, is held every five years...
    
     (1975–1992)
  • President - Souphanouvong
    Souphanouvong
    Prince Souphanouvong was, along with his half-brother Prince Souvanna Phouma and Prince Boun Oum of Champasak, one of the “Three Princes” who represented respectively the communist , neutralist, and royalist political factions in Laos...
    
    , President of Laos
    President of Laos
    The President of Laos is the head of state of the People's Democratic Republic of Laos.The office of the President was created in 1975, after the takeover of the country by the Pathet Lao, which abolished the monarchy. A member of the deposed royal family, Prince Souphanouvong, was the first...
    
     (1975–1991)
  • Premier - Kaysone Phomvihane
    Kaysone Phomvihane
    Kaysone Phomvihane was the leader of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party from 1955, though Souphanouvong served in a figurehead role...
    
    , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos
    Prime Minister of Laos
    The Prime Minister of Laos is the head of government of the People's Democratic Republic of Laos.-Prime Ministers:-Trivia:Between December 1959 to December 1960, Laos had 6 different Prime Ministers, after being ousted by 6 different political coups....
    
     (1975–1991)
• Lebanon
  Lebanon
  Lebanon , officially the Republic of LebanonRepublic of Lebanon is the most common term used by Lebanese government agencies. The term Lebanese Republic, a literal translation of the official Arabic and French names that is not used in today's world. Arabic is the most common language spoken among...
  
  
  • President - Elias Sarkis
    Elias Sarkis
    Elias Sarkis was the President of the Lebanese Republic from 1976 to 1982.-Early career:Born in Shabbaniah, Sarkis graduated with a Law degree from Saint Joseph University in 1948. After joining the judicial corps in 1953, he became a judge with the Accounting Department...
    
    , President of Lebanon (1976–1982)
  • Prime Minister - Selim al-Hoss
    Selim al-Hoss
    Selim Ahmed El-Hoss is a veteran Lebanese politician. He was a Prime Minister of Lebanon and a longtime Member of Parliament representing his hometown, Beirut.-Education:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Lebanon (1976–1980)
• Macau
  Macau
  Macau , also spelled Macao , is, along with Hong Kong, one of the two special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China...
  
   (overseas province of Portugal)
  • Governor -
    1. José Garcia Leandro, Governor of Macau
       Governor of Macau
       The Governor of Macau was a Portuguese colonial official who headed the colony of Macau, before 1623 called Captain-major . The post was replaced on December 20, 1999 upon the transfer of administration to the People's Republic of China by the office of the Chief Executive of the Macau Special...
       
        (1974–1979)
    2. Melo Egídio, Governor of Macau
       Governor of Macau
       The Governor of Macau was a Portuguese colonial official who headed the colony of Macau, before 1623 called Captain-major . The post was replaced on December 20, 1999 upon the transfer of administration to the People's Republic of China by the office of the Chief Executive of the Macau Special...
       
        (1979–1981)
• Malaysia
  • Monarch -
    1. Sultan Yahya Petra, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia
       Yang di-Pertuan Agong
       The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is the head of state of Malaysia. The office was established in 1957 when the Federation of Malaya gained independence....
       
        (1975–1979)
    2. Sultan Ahmad Shah, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia
       Yang di-Pertuan Agong
       The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is the head of state of Malaysia. The office was established in 1957 when the Federation of Malaya gained independence....
       
        (1979–1984)
  • Prime Minister - Hussein Onn
    Hussein Onn
    Tun Hussein bin Dato' Onn who is of 3/4 Malay and 1/4 Circassian ancestry was the third Prime Minister of Malaysia, ruling from 1976 to 1981. He was granted the soubriquet Bapa Perpaduan...
    
    , Prime Minister of Malaysia
    Prime Minister of Malaysia
    The Prime Minister of Malaysia is the indirectly elected head of government of Malaysia. He is officially appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the head of state, who in HM's judgment is likely to command the confidence of the majority of the members of that House of Representatives , the...
    
     (1976–1981)
• Maldives
  Maldives
  The Maldives , , officially Republic of Maldives , also referred to as the Maldive Islands, is an island nation in the Indian Ocean formed by a double chain of twenty-six atolls oriented north-south off India's Lakshadweep islands, between Minicoy Island and...
  
  
  • President - Maumoon Abdul Gayoom
    Maumoon Abdul Gayoom
    Maumoon Abdul Gayoom was President of the Maldives from 1978 to 2008. After serving as Minister of Transport, he was nominated as President by the Majlis of the Maldives and succeeded Ibrahim Nasir on November 11, 1978. He eventually became the longest-ruling head of government in Asia...
    
    , President of Maldives (1978–2008)
• Mongolia
  • Communist Party Leader - Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, General secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party
    Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party
    The Mongolian People's Party formerly the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party is an ex-communist political party in Mongolia. The party is abbreviated MPP in English and ' in Mongolian...
    
     (1958–1984)
  • Head of State - Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Great Hural of Mongolia
    President of Mongolia
    The President of Mongolia is the head of state of Mongolia. The Constitution of Mongolia implements a parliamentary system, so while much of the President's role is ceremonial, he or she does wield significant political power.-Election:...
    
     (1974–1984)
  • Premier - Jambyn Batmönkh, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Mongolia
    Prime Minister of Mongolia
    The Prime Minister of Mongolia is the highest member of the Mongolian government's executive arm, and heads the Mongolian cabinet. The Prime Minister is appointed by Parliament, and can be removed by a vote of no confidence.-Powers:...
    
     (1974–1984)
• Nepal
  • Monarch - Birendra, King of Nepal (1972–2001)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Kirti Nidhi Bista
       Kirti Nidhi Bista
       Kirdi Nidhi Bista is a Nepali politician. He served as prime minister of Nepal from 1969 to 1970, 1971 to 1973 and 1977 to 1979.After the coup d'etat of King Gyanendra in 2005, Kirti Nidhi Bista was appointed one of the vice-chairmen till the government collapsed in April 2006 after the people's...
       
       , Prime Minister of Nepal (1977–1979)
    2. Surya Bahadur Thapa
       Surya Bahadur Thapa
       Surya Bahadur Thapa has been Prime Minister of Nepal five times, under three different kings, in a political career lasting nearly 50 years. His terms were 1963-64, 1965–69, 1979–83, 1997–98 and 2003-04....
       
       , Prime Minister of Nepal (1979–1983)
• Oman
  Oman
  Oman , officially called the Sultanate of Oman , is an Arab state in southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by the United Arab Emirates to the northwest, Saudi Arabia to the west, and Yemen to the southwest. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the...
  
  
  • Monarch - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Sultan of Oman
    Sultan of Oman
    -List of Imams :-Nabhan Dynasty :-Ya'ariba Dynasty :-Banu Ghafir Dynasty :-Ya'ariba Dynasty :-Al Said Dynasty :-See also:...
    
     (1970–present)
  • Prime Minister - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Prime Minister of Oman (1972–present)
• Pakistan
  Pakistan
  Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
  
  
  • President - Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
    Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
    General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq , was the 4th Chief Martial Law Administrator and the sixth President of Pakistan from July 1977 to his death in August 1988...
    
    , President of Pakistan
    President of Pakistan
    The President of Pakistan is the head of state, as well as figurehead, of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Recently passed an XVIII Amendment , Pakistan has a parliamentary democratic system of government. According to the Constitution, the President is chosen by the Electoral College to serve a...
    
     (1978–1988)
  • Head of Government - Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
    Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
    General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq , was the 4th Chief Martial Law Administrator and the sixth President of Pakistan from July 1977 to his death in August 1988...
    
    , Chief Martial Law Administrator of Pakistan
    Prime Minister of Pakistan
    The Prime Minister of Pakistan , is the Head of Government of Pakistan who is designated to exercise as the country's Chief Executive. By the Constitution of Pakistan, Pakistan has the parliamentary democratic system of government...
    
     (1977–1985)
• Philippines
  Philippines
  The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...
  
  
  • President - Ferdinand Marcos
    Ferdinand Marcos
    Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos, Sr. was a Filipino leader and an authoritarian President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He was a lawyer, member of the Philippine House of Representatives and a member of the Philippine Senate...
    
    , President of the Philippines (1965–1986)
  • Prime Minister - Ferdinand Marcos
    Ferdinand Marcos
    Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos, Sr. was a Filipino leader and an authoritarian President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He was a lawyer, member of the Philippine House of Representatives and a member of the Philippine Senate...
    
    , Prime Minister of the Philippines
    Prime Minister of the Philippines
    The Prime Minister of the Philippines was the official designation of the head of the government of the Philippines from 1978 until People Power Revolution in 1986...
    
     (1978–1981)
• Qatar
  Qatar
  Qatar , also known as the State of Qatar or locally Dawlat Qaṭar, is a sovereign Arab state, located in the Middle East, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeasterly coast of the much larger Arabian Peninsula. Its sole land border is with Saudi Arabia to the south, with the rest of its...
  
  
  • Monarch - Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani
    Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani
    Emir Shaikh Khalifa bin Hamad bin Abdullah bin Jassim bin Muhammed Al Thani GCB GCMG was the Emir of Qatar from 1972 until he was deposed by his son Hamad bin Khalifa in 1995....
    
    , Emir of Qatar (1972–1995)
  • Prime Minister - Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani
    Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani
    Emir Shaikh Khalifa bin Hamad bin Abdullah bin Jassim bin Muhammed Al Thani GCB GCMG was the Emir of Qatar from 1972 until he was deposed by his son Hamad bin Khalifa in 1995....
    
    , Prime Minister of Qatar (1970–1995)
• Saudi Arabia
  Saudi Arabia
  The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , commonly known in British English as Saudi Arabia and in Arabic as as-Sa‘ūdiyyah , is the largest state in Western Asia by land area, constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and the second-largest in the Arab World...
  
  
  • Monarch - Khalid
    Khalid of Saudi Arabia
    Khalid bin Abdul-Aziz Al Saud was King of Saudi Arabia from 1975 to 1982. He ruled during Saudi Arabia's oil boom years. In 1979, he had to deal with the Grand Mosque Seizure...
    
    , King of Saudi Arabia (1975–1982)
  • Prime Minister - Khalid
    Khalid of Saudi Arabia
    Khalid bin Abdul-Aziz Al Saud was King of Saudi Arabia from 1975 to 1982. He ruled during Saudi Arabia's oil boom years. In 1979, he had to deal with the Grand Mosque Seizure...
    
    , Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia
    Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia
    The Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia is formally the Head of government under the Malik , the rather absolute Head of State of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.-History:...
    
     (1975–1982)
• Singapore
  Singapore
  Singapore , officially the Republic of Singapore, is a Southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, north of the equator. An island country made up of 63 islands, it is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the...
  
  
  • President - Benjamin Henry Sheares
    Benjamin Henry Sheares
    Benjamin Henry Sheares, GCB , was the second President of Singapore.-Early life:Sheares was born the second of six children in Singapore to a Eurasian family with an English lineage. His father Edwin H. Sheares, a technical supervisor of the Public Works Department, was born in England and raised...
    
    , President of Singapore
    President of Singapore
    The President of the Republic of Singapore is Singapore's head of state. In a Westminster parliamentary system, as which Singapore governs itself, the prime minister is the head of the government while the position of president is largely ceremonial. Before 1993, the President of Singapore was...
    
     (1971–1981)
  • Prime Minister - Lee Kuan Yew
    Lee Kuan Yew
    Lee Kuan Yew, GCMG, CH is a Singaporean statesman. He was the first Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore, governing for three decades...
    
    , Prime Minister of Singapore
    Prime Minister of Singapore
    The Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore is the head of the government of the Republic of Singapore. The President of Singapore appoints as Prime Minister a Member of Parliament who, in his opinion, is most likely to command the confidence of a majority of MPs.The office of Prime Minister...
    
     (1959–1990)
• Sri Lanka
  Sri Lanka
  Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is a country off the southern coast of the Indian subcontinent. Known until 1972 as Ceylon , Sri Lanka is an island surrounded by the Indian Ocean, the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait, and lies in the vicinity of India and the...
  
  
  • President - Junius Richard Jayewardene
    Junius Richard Jayewardene
    Junius Richard Jayewardene , famously abbreviated in Sri Lanka as JR, was the first executive President of Sri Lanka, serving from 1978 till 1989. He was a leader of the nationalist movement in Ceylon who served in a variety of cabinet positions in the decades following independence...
    
    , President of Sri Lanka
    President of Sri Lanka
    The President of Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is the elected head of state and the head of government. The President is a dominant political figure in Sri Lanka. The office was created in 1978 but has grown so powerful there have been calls to restrict or even eliminate its power...
    
     (1978–1989)
  • Prime Minister - Ranasinghe Premadasa
    Ranasinghe Premadasa
    Ranasinghe Premadasa was the 3rd President of Sri Lanka from January 2, 1989 to May 1, 1993. Before that, he served as the Prime Minister in the government headed by J. R. Jayewardene from February 6, 1978 to January 1, 1989...
    
    , Prime Minister of Sri Lanka
    Prime Minister of Sri Lanka
    The Prime Minister of Sri Lanka is the functional head of the Cabinet of Sri Lanka. However, the President is both head of state and head of government in Sri Lanka...
    
     (1978–1989)
• Syria
  Syria
  Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest....
  
  
  • President - Hafez al-Assad
    Hafez al-Assad
    Hafez ibn 'Ali ibn Sulayman al-Assad or more commonly Hafez al-Assad was the President of Syria for three decades. Assad's rule consolidated the power of the central government after decades of coups and counter-coups, such as Operation Wappen in 1957 conducted by the Eisenhower administration and...
    
    , President of Syria (1971–2000)
  • Prime Minister - Muhammad Ali al-Halabi, Prime Minister of Syria (1978–1980)
• Taiwan (Republic of China)
  Republic of China
  The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan , which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor...
  
  
  • President - Chiang Ching-kuo
    Chiang Ching-kuo
    Chiang Ching-kuo , Kuomintang politician and leader, was the son of President Chiang Kai-shek and held numerous posts in the government of the Republic of China...
    
    , President of the Republic of China
    President of the Republic of China
    The President of the Republic of China is the head of state and commander-in-chief of the Republic of China . The Republic of China was founded on January 1, 1912, to govern all of China...
    
     (1978–1988)
  • Premier - Sun Yun-suan
    Sun Yun-suan
    Sun Yun-suan was a Chinese engineer and politician. As minister of economic affairs from 1969 to 1978 and Premier of the Republic of China from 1978 to 1984, he was credited for overseeing the transformation of Taiwan from being a mainly agricultural economy to an export powerhouse.-Early life...
    
    , President of the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China
    Premier of the Republic of China
    The President of the Executive Yuan , commonly known as the Premier of the Republic of China , is the head of the Executive Yuan, the executive branch of the Republic of China , which currently administers Taiwan, Matsu, and Kinmen. The premier is appointed by the President of the Republic of China...
    
     (1978–1984)
• Thailand
  Thailand
  Thailand , officially the Kingdom of Thailand , formerly known as Siam , is a country located at the centre of the Indochina peninsula and Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the...
  
  
  • Monarch - Bhumibol Adulyadej
    Bhumibol Adulyadej
    Bhumibol Adulyadej is the current King of Thailand. He is known as Rama IX...
    
    , King of Thailand (1946–present)
  • Prime Minister - Kriangsak Chomanan
    Kriangsak Chomanan
    General Kriangsak Chomanan served as prime minister of Thailand from 1977 to 1980.A professional soldier, General Kriangsak fought against the communists in both the Korean War and the Vietnam War...
    
    , Prime Minister of Thailand
    Prime Minister of Thailand
    The Prime Minister of Thailand is the head of government of Thailand. The Prime Minister is also the chairman of the Cabinet of Thailand. The post has existed since the Revolution of 1932, when the country became a constitutional monarchy....
    
     (1977–1980)
• Turkey
  Turkey
  Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
  
  
  • President - Fahri Korutürk
    Fahri Koruturk
    Fahri Sabit Korutürk was a Turkish navy officer, diplomat and the sixth President of Turkey.-Biography:He was born in Istanbul, at Soğukçeşme Sokağı, a small street between Topkapı Palace and Hagia Sophia. He attended the navy cadet school in 1916, was graduated in 1923 and from the Naval Academy...
    
    , President of Turkey (1973–1980)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Bülent Ecevit
       Bülent Ecevit
       Mustafa Bülent Ecevit was a Turkish politician, poet, writer and journalist, who was the leader of Republican People's Party , later of the Democratic Left Party and four-time Prime Minister of Turkey.- Personal life :...
       
       , Prime Minister of Turkey
       Prime Minister of Turkey
       The Prime Minister of the Turkey is the head of government in Turkish politics. The prime minister is the leader of a political coalition in the Turkish parliament and the leader of the cabinet....
       
        (1978–1979)
    2. Süleyman Demirel
       Süleyman Demirel
       Sami Süleyman Gündoğdu Demirel, better known as Süleyman Demirel , is a Turkish politician who served as Prime Minister seven times and was the ninth President of Turkey.-Life:Demirel was born in İslamköy, a town in Isparta Province...
       
       , Prime Minister of Turkey
       Prime Minister of Turkey
       The Prime Minister of the Turkey is the head of government in Turkish politics. The prime minister is the leader of a political coalition in the Turkish parliament and the leader of the cabinet....
       
        (1979–1980)
• United Arab Emirates
  United Arab Emirates
  The United Arab Emirates, abbreviated as the UAE, or shortened to "the Emirates", is a state situated in the southeast of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman, and Saudi Arabia, and sharing sea borders with Iraq, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, and Iran.The UAE is a...
  
  
  • President - Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates
    President of the United Arab Emirates
    The President is the Head of State of the United Arab Emirates. Because the current ruler of Abu Dhabi customarily also holds the presidency of the UAE, the office is de facto hereditary. The President is also Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces and Chairman of the Supreme Council and...
    
     (1971–2004)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum
       Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum
       Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum , also referred to as Sheikh Maktoum was the Vice President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates and the emir of Dubai.-Biography:...
       
       , Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1971–1979)
    2. Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum
       Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum
       HH The Emir Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum was the Vice-President and Prime Minister of United Arab Emirates and Emir of Dubai...
       
       , Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1979–1990)
• Vietnam
  Vietnam
  Vietnam – sometimes spelled Viet Nam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam – is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea –...
  
  
  • Communist Party Leader - Lê Duẩn, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam
    General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam
    The General Secretary is the leader of the Communist Party of Vietnam. The activities of Politburo and Secretariat are directed by the General Secretary. The post holder also maintains the top position in the Party's Central Military Commission, which is considered the supreme military...
    
     (1960–1986)
  • President - Tôn Đức Thắng, President of Vietnam
    President of Vietnam
    The President of Vietnam is the head of state of Vietnam, although the functions of the President are often ceremonial...
    
     (1976–1980)
  • Premier - Phạm Văn Đồng, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Vietnam
    Prime Minister of Vietnam
    -Office:The Prime Minister of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is the head of the executive branch of the Vietnamese government. The Prime Minister presides over the Vietnamese cabinet, and is responsible for appointing and supervising ministers...
    
     (1955–1987)
• North Yemen (Yemen Arab Republic)
  Yemen Arab Republic
  The Yemen Arab Republic , also known as North Yemen or Yemen , was a country from 1962 to 1990 in the western part of what is now Yemen...
  
  
  • President - Ali Abdullah Saleh
    Ali Abdullah Saleh
    Field Marshal Ali Abdullah Saleh is the first President of the Republic of Yemen. Saleh previously served as President of the Yemen Arab Republic from 1978 until 1990, at which time he assumed the office of chairman of the Presidential Council of a post-unification Yemen. He is the...
    
    , President of North Yemen (1978–present)
  • Prime Minister - Abdul Aziz Abdul Ghani
    Abdul Aziz Abdul Ghani
    Abdul Aziz Abdul Ghani was a Yemeni politician who served as Prime Minister of Yemen from 1994 to 1997, under President Ali Abdullah Saleh. Ghani was a member of the General People's Congress party....
    
    , Prime Minister of North Yemen (1975–1980)
• South Yemen (People's Democratic Republic of Yemen)
  People's Democratic Republic of Yemen
  The People's Democratic Republic of Yemen — also referred to as South Yemen, Democratic Yemen or Yemen — was a socialist republic in the present-day southern and eastern Provinces of Yemen...
  
  
  • Communist Party Leader - Abdul Fattah Ismail
    Abdul Fattah Ismail
    Abd al-Fattah Ismail Ali Al-Jawfi was the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Council, head of state of the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, and founder, chief ideologue, and first leader of the Yemeni Socialist Party from 21 December 1978 to 21 April 1980.Born in July 1939 in...
    
    , Secretary-General of the Yemeni Socialist Party
    Yemeni Socialist Party
    The Yemeni Socialist Party is a political party in Yemen.It was the ruling party in South Yemen, the only Marxist Arab state, before unification in 1990...
    
     (1978–1980)
  • Head of State - Abdul Fattah Ismail
    Abdul Fattah Ismail
    Abd al-Fattah Ismail Ali Al-Jawfi was the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Council, head of state of the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, and founder, chief ideologue, and first leader of the Yemeni Socialist Party from 21 December 1978 to 21 April 1980.Born in July 1939 in...
    
    , Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Council of South Yemen (1978–1980)
  • Prime Minister - Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas
    Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas
    Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas was appointed Prime Minister of Yemen by President Ali Abdullah Saleh when the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen and Yemen Arab Republic united in 1990 to form present-day Yemen. Al-Attas served until 1994...
    
    , Prime Minister of South Yemen (1971–1986)

Europe

• Albania
  • Communist Party Leader - Enver Hoxha
    Enver Hoxha
    Enver Halil Hoxha was a Marxist–Leninist revolutionary andthe leader of Albania from the end of World War II until his death in 1985, as the First Secretary of the Party of Labour of Albania...
    
    , First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor (1944–1985)
  • Head of State - Haxhi Lleshi
    Haxhi Lleshi
    Haxhi Lleshi was an Albanian military leader and communist politician.Lleshi was one of the top commanders in Albania's fight against the Italians and Germans during World War II and is still considered by some to be a hero in Albania for his actions during the war...
    
    , Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania (1953–1982)
  • Premier - Mehmet Shehu
    Mehmet Shehu
    Mehmet Ismail Shehu was an Albanian communist politician who served as premier of Albania from 1954 to 1981...
    
    , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Albania (1954–1981)
• Andorra
  Andorra
  Andorra , officially the Principality of Andorra , also called the Principality of the Valleys of Andorra, , is a small landlocked country in southwestern Europe, located in the eastern Pyrenees mountains and bordered by Spain and France. It is the sixth smallest nation in Europe having an area of...
  
  
  • Monarchs -
    • French Co-Prince - Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
      Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
      Valéry Marie René Georges Giscard d'Estaing is a French centre-right politician who was President of the French Republic from 1974 until 1981...
      
      , French Co-Prince of Andorra (1974–1981)
    • Episcopal Co-Prince - Joan Martí i Alanis, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1971–2003)
  • First Syndic - Estanislau Sangrà Font, First Syndic of Andorra (1978–1982)
• Austria
  Austria
  Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
  
  
  • President - Rudolf Kirchschläger
    Rudolf Kirchschläger
    Rudolf Kirchschläger was an Austrian diplomat, politician, judge and, from 1974 to 1986, the eighth President of Austria.-Education and early life:...
    
    , Federal President of Austria
    President of Austria
    The President of Austria is the federal head of state of Austria. Though theoretically entrusted with great power by the constitution, in practice the President acts, for the most part, merely as a ceremonial figurehead...
    
     (1974–1986)
  • Chancellor - Bruno Kreisky
    Bruno Kreisky
    Bruno Kreisky was an Austrian politician who served as Foreign Minister from 1959 to 1966 and as Chancellor from 1970 to 1983. Aged 72 at the end of his chancellorship, he was the oldest acting Chancellor after World War II....
    
    , Federal Chancellor of Austria
    Chancellor of Austria
    The Federal Chancellor is the head of government in Austria. Its deputy is the Vice-Chancellor. Before 1918, the equivalent office was the Minister-President of Austria. The Federal Chancellor is considered to be the most powerful political position in Austrian politics.-Appointment:The...
    
     (1970–1983)
• Belgium
  Belgium
  Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...
  
  
  • Monarch - Baudouin I, King of the Belgians (1951–1993)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Paul Vanden Boeynants
       Paul Vanden Boeynants
       Paul Emile François Henri Vanden Boeynants was a Belgian politician. He served as the 41st Prime Minister of Belgium for two brief periods ....
       
       , Prime Minister of Belgium (1978–1979)
    2. Wilfried Martens
       Wilfried Martens
       Wilfried Martens is a Belgian politician. He was born in Sleidinge . Martens was the 44th Prime Minister of Belgium from 3 April 1979 to 6 April 1981 and 17 December 1981 to 7 March 1992....
       
       , Prime Minister of Belgium (1979–1981)
• Bulgaria
  • Communist Party Leader - Todor Zhivkov
    Todor Zhivkov
    Todor Khristov Zhivkov was a communist politician and leader of the People's Republic of Bulgaria from March 4, 1954 until November 10, 1989....
    
    , General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party
    Bulgarian Communist Party
    The Bulgarian Communist Party was the communist and Marxist-Leninist ruling party of the People's Republic of Bulgaria from 1946 until 1990 when the country ceased to be a communist state...
    
     (1954–1989)
  • Head of State - Todor Zhivkov
    Todor Zhivkov
    Todor Khristov Zhivkov was a communist politician and leader of the People's Republic of Bulgaria from March 4, 1954 until November 10, 1989....
    
    , Chairman of the Council of State of Bulgaria (1971–1989)
  • Premier - Stanko Todorov
    Stanko Todorov
    Stanko Todorov Georgiev was a Bulgarian communist politician.Todorov was born in Pernik Province. Before and during World War II he was a worker. He became interested in communism, and joined the underground Bulgarian Communist Party in 1943...
    
    , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1971–1981)
• Cyprus
  Cyprus
  Cyprus , officially the Republic of Cyprus , is a Eurasian island country, member of the European Union, in the Eastern Mediterranean, east of Greece, south of Turkey, west of Syria and north of Egypt. It is the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.The earliest known human activity on the...
  
  
  • President - Spyros Kyprianou
    Spyros Kyprianou
    Spyros Achilleos Kyprianou was one of the most prominent politicians of modern Cyprus. He served as the second President of the Republic of Cyprus from 1977 to 1988....
    
    , President of Cyprus (1977–1988)
  • Northern Cyprus (invaded by Turkey)
    • President - Rauf Denktaş
      Rauf Denktas
      Rauf Raif Denktaş is the founder and the first president of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus , a de facto state which is only recognized by Turkey...
      
      , President of Northern Cyprus
      President of Northern Cyprus
      The President of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is the head of state of the TRNC. Rauf Denktaş was the first and founder president of TRNC, and retired in 2005. His position was taken over by Mehmet Ali Talat, followed by the current president, Derviş Eroğlu.In the Turkish Republic of...
      
       (1975–2005)
    • Prime Minister - Mustafa Çağatay
      Mustafa Çağatay
      Mustafa Çağatay was a former prime minister of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. He held this office during a short period from 1978 to 1983. He was born in Limassol in 1937 and died on April 3, 1984.-References:...
      
      , Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus
      Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus
      The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President is head of state and the Prime Minister head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative...
      
       (1978–1985)
• Czechoslovakia
  Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
  The Czechoslovak Socialist Republic was the official name of Czechoslovakia from 1960 until end of 1989 , a Soviet satellite state of the Eastern Bloc....
  
  
  • Communist Party Leader - Gustáv Husák
    Gustáv Husák
    Gustáv Husák was a Slovak politician, president of Czechoslovakia and a long-term Communist leader of Czechoslovakia and of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia...
    
    , General Secretary of the Communisty Party of Czechoslovakia
    Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
    The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, in Czech and in Slovak: Komunistická strana Československa was a Communist and Marxist-Leninist political party in Czechoslovakia that existed between 1921 and 1992....
    
     (1969–1987)
  • President - Gustáv Husák
    Gustáv Husák
    Gustáv Husák was a Slovak politician, president of Czechoslovakia and a long-term Communist leader of Czechoslovakia and of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia...
    
    , President of Czechoslovakia (1975–1989)
  • Prime Minister - Lubomír Štrougal
    Lubomír Štrougal
    Lubomír Štrougal is a former Czech politician and communist Czechoslovakia prime minister.After serving in Germany’s industry during the World War II he finished the law studies at the Charles University in Prague...
    
    , Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1970–1988)
• Denmark
  Kingdom of Denmark
  The Kingdom of Denmark or the Danish Realm , is a constitutional monarchy and sovereign state consisting of Denmark proper in northern Europe and two autonomous constituent countries, the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic and Greenland in North America. Denmark is the hegemonial part, where the...
  
  
  • Monarch - Margrethe II
    Margrethe II of Denmark
    Margrethe II is the Queen regnant of the Kingdom of Denmark. In 1972 she became the first female monarch of Denmark since Margaret I, ruler of the Scandinavian countries in 1375-1412 during the Kalmar Union.-Early life:...
    
    , Queen of Denmark (1972–present)
  • Prime Minister - Anker Jørgensen
    Anker Jørgensen
    Anker Jørgensen is a former Danish Prime Minister and Foreign Minister. He led or represented the Social Democratic Party for well over 30 years.-Early political and personal life:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Denmark
    Prime Minister of Denmark
    The Prime Minister of Denmark is the head of government in Danish politics. The Prime Minister is traditionally the leader of a political coalition in the Folketing and presides over the cabinet....
    
     (1975–1982)
• Finland
  Finland
  Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.Around 5.4 million people reside...
  
  
  • President - Urho Kekkonen
    Urho Kekkonen
    Urho Kaleva Kekkonen , was a Finnish politician who served as Prime Minister of Finland and later as the eighth President of Finland . Kekkonen continued the “active neutrality” policy of his predecessor President Juho Kusti Paasikivi, a doctrine which came to be known as the “Paasikivi–Kekkonen...
    
    , President of Finland
    President of Finland
    The President of the Republic of Finland is the nation's head of state. Under the Finnish constitution, executive power is vested in the President and the government, with the President possessing extensive powers. The President is elected directly by the people of Finland for a term of six years....
    
     (1956–1981)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Kalevi Sorsa
       Kalevi Sorsa
       Taisto Kalevi Sorsa was a Finnish politician who was Prime Minister of Finland four times: 1972–1975, 1977–1979, 1982–1983 and 1983–1987 and at the date of his death still held the Finnish record of most days of incumbency as prime minister...
       
       , Prime Minister of Finland
       Prime Minister of Finland
       The Prime Minister is the Head of Government of Finland. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President, who is the Head of State. The current Prime Minister is Jyrki Katainen of the National Coalition Party.-Overview:...
       
        (1977–1979)
    2. Mauno Koivisto
       Mauno Koivisto
       Mauno Henrik Koivisto is a Finnish politician who served as the ninth President of Finland from 1982 to 1994. He also served as Prime Minister 1968–1970 and 1979–1982...
       
       , Prime Minister of Finland
       Prime Minister of Finland
       The Prime Minister is the Head of Government of Finland. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President, who is the Head of State. The current Prime Minister is Jyrki Katainen of the National Coalition Party.-Overview:...
       
        (1979–1982)
• France
  France
  The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
  
  
  • President - Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
    Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
    Valéry Marie René Georges Giscard d'Estaing is a French centre-right politician who was President of the French Republic from 1974 until 1981...
    
    , President of France (1974–1981)
  • Prime Minister - Raymond Barre
    Raymond Barre
    Raymond Octave Joseph Barre was a French centre-right politician and economist. He was a Vice President of the European Commission and Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs under three Presidents and later served as Prime Minister under Valéry Giscard d'Estaing from 1976 until 1981...
    
    , Prime Minister of France
    Prime Minister of France
    The Prime Minister of France in the Fifth Republic is the head of government and of the Council of Ministers of France. The head of state is the President of the French Republic...
    
     (1976–1981)
• East Germany (German Democratic Republic)
  German Democratic Republic
  The German Democratic Republic , informally called East Germany by West Germany and other countries, was a socialist state established in 1949 in the Soviet zone of occupied Germany, including East Berlin of the Allied-occupied capital city...
  
  
  • Communist Party Leader - Erich Honecker
    Erich Honecker
    Erich Honecker was a German communist politician who led the German Democratic Republic as General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party from 1971 until 1989, serving as Head of State as well from Willi Stoph's relinquishment of that post in 1976....
    
    , General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (1971–1989)
  • Head of State - Erich Honecker
    Erich Honecker
    Erich Honecker was a German communist politician who led the German Democratic Republic as General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party from 1971 until 1989, serving as Head of State as well from Willi Stoph's relinquishment of that post in 1976....
    
    , Chairman of the Council of State of East Germany (1976–1989)
  • Premier - Willi Stoph
    Willi Stoph
    Willi Stoph was an East German politician. He served as Prime Minister of the German Democratic Republic from 1964 to 1973, and again from 1976 until 1989.-Biography:...
    
    , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of East Germany (1976–1989)
• West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany)
  West Germany
  West Germany is the common English, but not official, name for the Federal Republic of Germany or FRG in the period between its creation in May 1949 to German reunification on 3 October 1990....
  
  
  • President -
    1. Walter Scheel
       Walter Scheel
       Walter Scheel is a German politician . He served as Federal Minister of Economic Cooperation and Development from 1961 to 1966, Foreign Minister of Germany and Vice Chancellor from 1969 to 1974, acting Chancellor of Germany from 7 May to 16 May 1974 , and finally as President of the Federal...
       
       , Federal President of West Germany
       President of Germany
       The President of the Federal Republic of Germany is the country's head of state. His official title in German is Bundespräsident . Germany has a parliamentary system of government and so the position of President is largely ceremonial...
       
        (1974–1979)
    2. Karl Carstens
       Karl Carstens
       Karl Carstens was a German politician. He served as President of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1979 to 1984.-Biography:...
       
       , Federal President of West Germany
       President of Germany
       The President of the Federal Republic of Germany is the country's head of state. His official title in German is Bundespräsident . Germany has a parliamentary system of government and so the position of President is largely ceremonial...
       
        (1979–1984)
  • Chancellor - Helmut Schmidt
    Helmut Schmidt
    Helmut Heinrich Waldemar Schmidt is a German Social Democratic politician who served as Chancellor of West Germany from 1974 to 1982. Prior to becoming chancellor, he had served as Minister of Defence and Minister of Finance. He had also served briefly as Minister of Economics and as acting...
    
    , Federal Chancellor of West Germany (1974–1982)
• Greece
  Greece
  Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe....
  
  
  • President - Konstantinos Tsatsos
    Konstantinos Tsatsos
    Konstantinos Tsatsos was a revered Greek diplomat, professor of law, scholar and politician. He served as the second President of the Third Hellenic Republic from 1975 to 1980.- Life :...
    
    , President of Greece
    President of Greece
    The President of the Hellenic Republic , colloquially referred to in English as the President of Greece, is the head of state of Greece. The office of the President of the Republic was established after the Greek republic referendum, 1974 and formally by the Constitution of Greece in 1975. The...
    
     (1975–1980)
  • Prime Minister - Konstantinos Karamanlis, Prime Minister of Greece
    Prime Minister of Greece
    The Prime Minister of Greece , officially the Prime Minister of the Hellenic Republic , is the head of government of the Hellenic Republic and the leader of the Greek cabinet. The current interim Prime Minister is Lucas Papademos, a former Vice President of the European Central Bank, following...
    
     (1974–1980)
• Hungary
  People's Republic of Hungary
  The People's Republic of Hungary or Hungarian People's Republic was the official state name of Hungary from 1949 to 1989 during its Communist period under the guidance of the Soviet Union. The state remained in existence until 1989 when opposition forces consolidated in forcing the regime to...
  
  
  • Communist Party Leader - János Kádár
    János Kádár
    János Kádár was a Hungarian communist leader and the General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party, presiding over the country from 1956 until his forced retirement in 1988. His thirty-two year term as General Secretary makes Kádár the longest ruler of the People's Republic of Hungary...
    
    , First Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party
    Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party
    The Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party was the ruling Marxist–Leninist party of Hungary between 1956 and 1989. It was organised from elements of the Hungarian Working People's Party during the 1956 Hungarian Revolution...
    
     (1956–1988)
  • Head of State - Pál Losonczi
    Pál Losonczi
    Pál Losonczi was a Hungarian Communist political figure. He was Chairman of the Hungarian Presidential Council from 1967 to 1987....
    
    , Chairman of the Presidential Council of Hungary (1967–1987)
  • Premier - György Lázár
    György Lázár
    György Lázár is a former Hungarian Communist politician who served as Chairman of the Council of Ministers from 1975 to 1987. He was retired in 1988.- Sources :* Any Hungarian high school book *...
    
    , President of the Council of Ministers of Hungary (1975–1987)
• Iceland
  Iceland
  Iceland , described as the Republic of Iceland, is a Nordic and European island country in the North Atlantic Ocean, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Iceland also refers to the main island of the country, which contains almost all the population and almost all the land area. The country has a population...
  
  
  • President - Kristján Eldjárn
    Kristján Eldjárn
    Dr. Kristján Eldjárn was the third President of Iceland, from 1968 to 1980.His parents were Þórarinn Kr. Eldjárn, a teacher in Tjörn, and Sigrún Sigurhjartardóttir. He graduated in archaeology from the University of Copenhagen and taught at the University of Iceland...
    
    , President of Iceland
    President of Iceland
    The President of Iceland is Iceland's elected head of state. The president is elected to a four-year term by universal adult suffrage and has limited powers. The president is not the head of government; the Prime Minister of Iceland is the head of government. There have been five presidents since...
    
     (1968–1980)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Ólafur Jóhannesson
       Ólafur Jóhannesson
       Ólafur Jóhannesson was the fifteenth Prime Minister of Iceland for the Progressive Party on two occasions. He was a member of the Progressive Party, serving as party chairman during the 1980s.-Career:...
       
       , Prime Minister of Iceland
       Prime Minister of Iceland
       The Prime Minister of Iceland is Iceland's head of government. The prime minister is appointed formally by the President and exercises executive authority along with the cabinet subject to parliamentary support....
       
        (1978–1979)
    2. Benedikt Sigurðsson Gröndal, Prime Minister of Iceland
       Prime Minister of Iceland
       The Prime Minister of Iceland is Iceland's head of government. The prime minister is appointed formally by the President and exercises executive authority along with the cabinet subject to parliamentary support....
       
        (1979–1980)
• Ireland
  Republic of Ireland
  Ireland , described as the Republic of Ireland , is a sovereign state in Europe occupying approximately five-sixths of the island of the same name. Its capital is Dublin. Ireland, which had a population of 4.58 million in 2011, is a constitutional republic governed as a parliamentary democracy,...
  
  
  • President - Patrick Hillery
    Patrick Hillery
    Patrick John "Paddy" Hillery was an Irish politician and the sixth President of Ireland from 1976 until 1990. First elected at the 1951 general election as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála for Clare, he remained in Dáil Éireann until 1973...
    
    , President of Ireland
    President of Ireland
    The President of Ireland is the head of state of Ireland. The President is usually directly elected by the people for seven years, and can be elected for a maximum of two terms. The presidency is largely a ceremonial office, but the President does exercise certain limited powers with absolute...
    
     (1976–1990)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Jack Lynch
       Jack Lynch
       John Mary "Jack" Lynch was the Taoiseach of Ireland, serving two terms in office; from 1966 to 1973 and 1977 to 1979....
       
       , Taoiseach of Ireland
       Taoiseach
       The Taoiseach is the head of government or prime minister of Ireland. The Taoiseach is appointed by the President upon the nomination of Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Oireachtas , and must, in order to remain in office, retain the support of a majority in the Dáil.The current Taoiseach is...
       
        (1977–1979)
    2. Charles Haughey
       Charles Haughey
       Charles James "Charlie" Haughey was Taoiseach of Ireland, serving three terms in office . He was also the fourth leader of Fianna Fáil...
       
       , Taoiseach of Ireland
       Taoiseach
       The Taoiseach is the head of government or prime minister of Ireland. The Taoiseach is appointed by the President upon the nomination of Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Oireachtas , and must, in order to remain in office, retain the support of a majority in the Dáil.The current Taoiseach is...
       
        (1979–1981)
• Italy
  Italy
  Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
  
  
  • President - Sandro Pertini, President of Italy (1978–1985)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Giulio Andreotti
       Giulio Andreotti
       Giulio Andreotti is an Italian politician of the now dissolved centrist Christian Democracy party. He served as the 42nd Prime Minister of Italy from 1972 to 1973, from 1976 to 1979 and from 1989 to 1992. He also served as Minister of the Interior , Defense Minister and Foreign Minister and he...
       
       , President of the Council of Ministers of Italy
       Prime minister of Italy
       The Prime Minister of Italy is the head of government of the Italian Republic...
       
        (1976–1979)
    2. Francesco Cossiga
       Francesco Cossiga
       Francesco Cossiga was an Italian politician, the 43rd Prime Minister and the eighth President of the Italian Republic. He was also a professor of constitutional law at the University of Sassari....
       
       , President of the Council of Ministers of Italy
       Prime minister of Italy
       The Prime Minister of Italy is the head of government of the Italian Republic...
       
        (1979–1980)
• Liechtenstein
  Liechtenstein
  The Principality of Liechtenstein is a doubly landlocked alpine country in Central Europe, bordered by Switzerland to the west and south and by Austria to the east. Its area is just over , and it has an estimated population of 35,000. Its capital is Vaduz. The biggest town is Schaan...
  
  
  • Monarch - Franz Joseph II
    Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein
    Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein, , was the Sovereign Prince of Liechtenstein from 1938 until his death...
    
    , Prince of Liechtenstein (1938–1989)
  • Prime Minister - Hans Brunhart
    Hans Brunhart
    Hans Brunhart was the Head of Government, foreign minister and finance minister of the principality of Liechtenstein from April 26, 1978 until May 26, 1993. He was a member of the Patriotic Union party , a liberal and social oriented party...
    
    , Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1978–1993)
• Luxembourg
  Luxembourg
  Luxembourg , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. It has two principal regions: the Oesling in the North as part of the Ardennes massif, and the Gutland in the south...
  
  
  • Monarch - Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
    Grand Duke of Luxembourg
    The Grand Duke of Luxembourg is the sovereign monarch and head of state of Luxembourg. Luxembourg has been a grand duchy since 15 March 1815, when it was elevated from a duchy when placed in personal union with the United Kingdom of the Netherlands...
    
     (1964–2000)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Gaston Thorn
       Gaston Thorn
       Gaston Egmond Thorn was a Luxembourg politician who served in a number of high-profile positions, both domestically and internationally...
       
       , President of the Government of Luxembourg (1974–1979)
    2. Pierre Werner, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1979–1984)
• Malta
  Malta
  Malta , officially known as the Republic of Malta , is a Southern European country consisting of an archipelago situated in the centre of the Mediterranean, south of Sicily, east of Tunisia and north of Libya, with Gibraltar to the west and Alexandria to the east.Malta covers just over in...
  
  
  • President - Anton Buttigieg
    Anton Buttigieg
    Anton Buttigieg was a Maltese political figure and poet. He served as the second President of Malta from 1976 until 1981.-Early life:Anton Buttigieg was born in Qala, Gozo, on February 19, 1912, the third child of Salvatore and Concetta...
    
    , President of Malta
    President of Malta
    The President of Malta is the constitutional head of state of Malta.The President is appointed by a resolution of the House of Representatives of Malta for a five year term, taking an oath to "preserve, protect and defend" the Constitution....
    
     (1976–1981)
  • Prime Minister - Dom Mintoff
    Dom Mintoff
    Dom Mintoff is a Maltese politician, journalist and architect, who served as leader of the Labour Party from 1949 to 1984, Prime Minister of Malta from 1955 to 1958 and again, post-Independence, from 1971 to...
    
    , Prime Minister of Malta
    Prime Minister of Malta
    The Prime Minister of Malta is the Head of Government of Malta.-Establishment of the office and developments:The office of "Head of Ministry" was created as soon as Malta was granted autonomous government in 1921. The 1921 constitution was suspended twice before being revoked...
    
     (1971–1984)
• Monaco
  Monaco
  Monaco , officially the Principality of Monaco , is a sovereign city state on the French Riviera. It is bordered on three sides by its neighbour, France, and its centre is about from Italy. Its area is with a population of 35,986 as of 2011 and is the most densely populated country in the...
  
  
  • Monarch - Rainier III
    Rainier III, Prince of Monaco
    Rainier III, Prince of Monaco , styled His Serene Highness The Sovereign Prince of Monaco, ruled the Principality of Monaco for almost 56 years, making him one of the longest ruling monarchs of the 20th century.Though he was best known outside of Europe for having married American...
    
    , Prince of Monaco
    Prince of Monaco
    The Reigning Prince or Princess of Monaco is the sovereign monarch and head of state of the Principality of Monaco. All Princes or Princesses thus far have taken the name of the House of Grimaldi, but have belonged to various other houses in male line...
    
     (1949–2005)
  • Head of Government - André Saint-Mleux
    André Saint-Mleux
    André Saint-Mleux was a Minister of State for Monaco. He was in office from 1972 to 1981.-References:...
    
    , Minister of State of Monaco (1972–1981)
• Kingdom of the Netherlands
  Kingdom of the Netherlands
  The Kingdom of the Netherlands is a sovereign state and constitutional monarchy with territory in Western Europe and in the Caribbean. The four parts of the Kingdom—Aruba, Curaçao, the Netherlands, and Sint Maarten—are referred to as "countries", and participate on a basis of equality...
  
  
  • Monarch - Juliana
    Juliana of the Netherlands
    Juliana was the Queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands between 1948 and 1980. She was the only child of Queen Wilhelmina and Prince Henry...
    
    , Queen of the Netherlands
    Monarchy of the Netherlands
    The Netherlands has been an independent monarchy since 16 March 1815, and has been governed by members of the House of Orange-Nassau since.-Constitutional role and position of the monarch:...
    
     (1948–1980)
  • Netherlands
    Netherlands
    The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
    
     (constituent country)
    • Prime Minister - Dries van Agt
      Dries van Agt
      Andreas Antonius Maria "Dries" van Agt is a retired Dutch politician of the Christian Democratic Appeal . He served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from December 19, 1977, until November 4, 1982....
      
      , Prime Minister of the Netherlands
      Prime Minister of the Netherlands
      The Prime Minister of the Netherlands is the chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Netherlands. He is the de facto head of government of the Netherlands and coordinates the policy of the government...
      
       (1977–1982)
  • Netherlands Antilles
    Netherlands Antilles
    The Netherlands Antilles , also referred to informally as the Dutch Antilles, was an autonomous Caribbean country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, consisting of two groups of islands in the Lesser Antilles: Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao , in Leeward Antilles just off the Venezuelan coast; and Sint...
    
     (constituent country)
    • see under North America
• Norway
  Norway
  Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...
  
  
  • Monarch - Olav V
    Olav V of Norway
    Olav V was the king of Norway from 1957 until his death. A member of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, Olav was born in the United Kingdom as the son of King Haakon VII of Norway and Queen Maud of Norway...
    
    , King of Norway (1957–1991)
  • Prime Minister - Odvar Nordli
    Odvar Nordli
    is a Norwegian politician from the Labour Party. He was Prime Minister of Norway from 1976 to 1981.Nordli grew up in Tangen in Stange, Hedmark. After World War II he served in the Independent Norwegian Brigade Group in Germany, part of the Allied forces occupying post-war Germany...
    
    , Prime Minister of Norway
    Prime Minister of Norway
    The Prime Minister of Norway is the political leader of Norway and the Head of His Majesty's Government. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Sovereign, to Stortinget , to their political party, and ultimately the...
    
     (1976–1981)
• Poland
  People's Republic of Poland
  The People's Republic of Poland was the official name of Poland from 1952 to 1990. Although the Soviet Union took control of the country immediately after the liberation from Nazi Germany in 1944, the name of the state was not changed until eight years later...
  
  
  • Communist Party Leader - Edward Gierek
    Edward Gierek
    Edward Gierek was a Polish communist politician.He was born in Porąbka, outside of Sosnowiec. He lost his father to a mining accident in a pit at the age of four. His mother married again and emigrated to northern France, where he was raised. He joined the French Communist Party in 1931 and was...
    
    , First Secretary of the Central Committee of Polish United Workers' Party (1970–1980)
  • Head of State - Henryk Jabłoński, Chairman of the Council of State of Poland (1972–1985)
  • Premier - Piotr Jaroszewicz
    Piotr Jaroszewicz
    Gen. Piotr Jaroszewicz was a Polish Communist political figure. He served as the Prime Minister of Poland between 1970 and 1980.Piotr Jaroszewicz was born on 8 October 1909 in Nieśwież. After finishing the secondary school in Jasło he started working as a teacher and headmaster in Garwolin...
    
    , President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1970–1980)
• Portugal
  Portugal
  Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
  
  
  • President - António Ramalho Eanes
    António Ramalho Eanes
    António dos Santos Ramalho Eanes, GColTE, GCL, CavA, KE is a Portuguese general and politician who was the 16th President of Portugal from 1976 to 1986.-Background:...
    
    , President of Portugal
    President of Portugal
    Portugal has been a republic since 1910, and since that time the head of state has been the president, whose official title is President of the Portuguese Republic ....
    
     (1976–1986)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Carlos Mota Pinto
       Carlos Mota Pinto
       Carlos Alberto da Mota Pinto, GCC, GCIP, was a Portuguese professor and politician.-Career:He graduated as a Licentiate in Law and Doctorate in Judicial Sciences from the Faculty of Law of the University of Coimbra. He was also a Professor at the Portuguese Catholic University and several foreign...
       
       , Prime Minister of Portugal
       Prime Minister of Portugal
       Prime Minister is the current title of the chief of the Portuguese Government. As chief executive, the Prime Minister coordinates the action of ministers, representing the Government from the other organs of state, accountable to Parliament and keeps the President informed...
       
        (1978–1979)
    2. Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo, Prime Minister of Portugal
       Prime Minister of Portugal
       Prime Minister is the current title of the chief of the Portuguese Government. As chief executive, the Prime Minister coordinates the action of ministers, representing the Government from the other organs of state, accountable to Parliament and keeps the President informed...
       
        (1979–1980)
• Romania
  Communist Romania
  Communist Romania was the period in Romanian history when that country was a Soviet-aligned communist state in the Eastern Bloc, with the dominant role of Romanian Communist Party enshrined in its successive constitutions...
  
  
  • Communist Party Leader - Nicolae Ceauşescu
    Nicolae Ceausescu
    Nicolae Ceaușescu was a Romanian Communist politician. He was General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party from 1965 to 1989, and as such was the country's second and last Communist leader...
    
    , General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party
    Romanian Communist Party
    The Romanian Communist Party was a communist political party in Romania. Successor to the Bolshevik wing of the Socialist Party of Romania, it gave ideological endorsement to communist revolution and the disestablishment of Greater Romania. The PCR was a minor and illegal grouping for much of the...
    
     (1965–1989)
  • President - Nicolae Ceauşescu
    Nicolae Ceausescu
    Nicolae Ceaușescu was a Romanian Communist politician. He was General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party from 1965 to 1989, and as such was the country's second and last Communist leader...
    
    , President of Romania
    President of Romania
    The President of Romania is the head of state of Romania. The President is directly elected by a two-round system for a five-year term . An individual may serve two terms...
    
     (1967–1989)
  • Premier -
    1. Manea Mănescu
       Manea Manescu
       Manea Mănescu was a former Romanian communist politician who served as Prime Minister for five years during Nicolae Ceauşescu's Communist regime....
       
       , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Romania
       Prime Minister of Romania
       The Prime Minister of Romania is the head of the Government of Romania. Initially, the office was styled President of the Council of Ministers , when the term "Government" included more than the Cabinet, and the Cabinet was called The Council of Ministers...
       
        (1974–1979)
    2. Ilie Verdeţ
       Ilie Verdet
       Ilie Verdeţ was a Romanian politician.Born in Comăneşti, Bacău County, and a miner from age 12, he joined the Romanian Communist Party in 1945. After graduating from the Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies, he climbed through the Party apparatus...
       
       , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Romania
       Prime Minister of Romania
       The Prime Minister of Romania is the head of the Government of Romania. Initially, the office was styled President of the Council of Ministers , when the term "Government" included more than the Cabinet, and the Cabinet was called The Council of Ministers...
       
        (1979–1982)
• San Marino
  San Marino
  San Marino, officially the Republic of San Marino , is a state situated on the Italian Peninsula on the eastern side of the Apennine Mountains. It is an enclave surrounded by Italy. Its size is just over with an estimated population of over 30,000. Its capital is the City of San Marino...
  
  
  • Captains Regent
    1. Ermenegildo Gasperoni and Adriano Reffi, Captains Regent of San Marino (October 1978–March 1979)
    2. Marino Bollini and Lino Celli, Captains Regent of San Marino (April 1979–September 1979)
    3. Giuseppe Amici
       Giuseppe Amici
       Giuseppe Amici was a Sammarinese politician.At the age of 25 he was elected to the Grand and General Council and remained its member till 2001. Amici was Captain Regent with Germano De Biagi from October 1979 to April 1980 and with Marino Bollini from October 1984 to April 1985. He was a member of...
       
        and Germano De Biagi, Captains Regent of San Marino (October 1979–March 1980)
• Soviet Union
  Soviet Union
  The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
  
  
  • Communist Party leader - Leonid Brezhnev
    Leonid Brezhnev
    Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev  – 10 November 1982) was the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union , presiding over the country from 1964 until his death in 1982. His eighteen-year term as General Secretary was second only to that of Joseph Stalin in...
    
    , General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
    General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
    General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the title given to the leader of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. With some exceptions, the office was synonymous with leader of the Soviet Union...
    
     (1964–1982)
  • Head of State - Leonid Brezhnev
    Leonid Brezhnev
    Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev  – 10 November 1982) was the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union , presiding over the country from 1964 until his death in 1982. His eighteen-year term as General Secretary was second only to that of Joseph Stalin in...
    
    , Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1977–1982)
  • Premier - Alexei Kosygin, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union
    Premier of the Soviet Union
    The office of Premier of the Soviet Union was synonymous with head of government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics . Twelve individuals have been premier...
    
     (1964–1980)
• Spain
  Spain
  Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
  
  
  • Monarch - Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975–present)
  • Prime Minister - Adolfo Suárez
    Adolfo Suárez
    Adolfo Suárez y González, 1st Duke of Suárez, Grandee of Spain, KOGF is a Spanish lawyer and politician. Suárez was Spain's first democratically elected prime minister after the dictatorship of Francisco Franco, and the key figure in the country's transition to democracy.-Parents:He is a son of...
    
    , President of the Government of Spain
    Prime Minister of Spain
    The President of the Government of Spain , sometimes known in English as the Prime Minister of Spain, is the head of Government of Spain. The current office is established under the Constitution of 1978...
    
     (1976–1981)
• Sweden
  Sweden
  Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
  
   -
  • Monarch - Carl XVI Gustaf
    Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden
    Carl XVI Gustaf is the reigning King of Sweden since 15 September 1973, succeeding his grandfather King Gustaf VI Adolf because his father had predeceased him...
    
    , King of Sweden (1973–present)
  • Prime Minister -
  1. Ola Ullsten
     Ola Ullsten
     Stig Kjell Olof Ullsten is a Swedish liberal politician, former Prime Minister of Sweden and former leader of the Swedish Liberal People's Party.-Background and early career:...
     
     , Prime Minister of Sweden
     Prime Minister of Sweden
     The Prime Minister is the head of government in the Kingdom of Sweden. Before the creation of the office of a Prime Minister in 1876, Sweden did not have a head of government separate from its head of state, namely the King, in whom the executive authority was vested...
     
      (1978–1979)
  2. Thorbjörn Fälldin
     Thorbjörn Fälldin
     Thorbjörn Fälldin is a Swedish politician. He was Prime Minister of Sweden in three non-consecutive cabinets from 1976 to 1982, and leader of the Swedish Centre Party from 1971 to 1985...
     
     , Prime Minister of Sweden
     Prime Minister of Sweden
     The Prime Minister is the head of government in the Kingdom of Sweden. Before the creation of the office of a Prime Minister in 1876, Sweden did not have a head of government separate from its head of state, namely the King, in whom the executive authority was vested...
     
      (1979–1982)
• Switzerland
  Switzerland
  Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
  
   -
  • Swiss Federal Council
    Swiss Federal Council
    The Federal Council is the seven-member executive council which constitutes the federal government of Switzerland and serves as the Swiss collective head of state....
    
    :

    Rudolf Gnägi

    Rudolf Gnägi

    Rudolf Gnägi was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council ....

    
     (1965–1979), Kurt Furgler

    Kurt Furgler

    Kurt Furgler was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council .He was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on December 8, 1971 and handed over office on December 31, 1986...

    
     (1971–1986), Willy Ritschard

    Willy Ritschard

    Willi Ritschard was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council ....

    
     (1973–1983), Hans Hürlimann

    Hans Hürlimann

    Hans Hürlimann was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council .He was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 5 December 1973 and handed over office on 31 December 1982...

    
     (1973–1982, President), Georges-André Chevallaz

    Georges-André Chevallaz

    Georges-André Chevallaz was a Swiss historian, politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council ....

    
     (1973–1983), Fritz Honegger

    Fritz Honegger

    Fritz Honegger was a Swiss politician.He was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on December 7, 1977 and handed over office on December 31, 1982. He was affiliated to the Free Democratic Party....

    
     (1978–1982), Pierre Aubert

    Pierre Aubert

    Pierre Aubert is a Swiss politician, lawyer and former member of the Swiss Federal Council ....

    
     (1978–1987), Leon Schlumpf

    Leon Schlumpf

    Leon Schlumpf is a Swiss politician and a former member of the Swiss Federal Council .Schlumpf was elected to the Federal Council on December 5, 1979 as a member of the Swiss People's Party from the Canton of Graubünden...

    
     (1979–1987)

• United Kingdom
  United Kingdom
  The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
  
   -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. James Callaghan
       James Callaghan
       Leonard James Callaghan, Baron Callaghan of Cardiff, KG, PC , was a British Labour politician, who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1976 to 1979 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1976 to 1980...
       
       , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
       Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
       The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the Head of Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Sovereign, to Parliament, to their political party and...
       
        (1976–1979)
    2. Margaret Thatcher
       Margaret Thatcher
       Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990...
       
       , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
       Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
       The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the Head of Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Sovereign, to Parliament, to their political party and...
       
        (1979–1990)
  • Guernsey
    Guernsey
    Guernsey, officially the Bailiwick of Guernsey is a British Crown dependency in the English Channel off the coast of Normandy.The Bailiwick, as a governing entity, embraces not only all 10 parishes on the Island of Guernsey, but also the islands of Herm, Jethou, Burhou, and Lihou and their islet...
    
     (British Crown dependency
    Crown dependency
    The Crown Dependencies are British possessions of the Crown, as opposed to overseas territories of the United Kingdom. They comprise the Channel Island Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel, and the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea....
    
    )
    • Lieutenant-Governor - Sir John Edward Ludgate Martin
      John Martin (Royal Navy officer)
      Vice Admiral Sir John Edward Ludgate Martin KCB DSC was a former Royal Navy officer who became Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey.-Naval career:...
      
      , Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (1974–1980)
    • Bailiff - Sir John Loveridge, Bailiff of Guernsey (1973–1982)
  • Jersey
    Jersey
    Jersey, officially the Bailiwick of Jersey is a British Crown Dependency off the coast of Normandy, France. As well as the island of Jersey itself, the bailiwick includes two groups of small islands that are no longer permanently inhabited, the Minquiers and Écréhous, and the Pierres de Lecq and...
    
     (British Crown dependency
    Crown dependency
    The Crown Dependencies are British possessions of the Crown, as opposed to overseas territories of the United Kingdom. They comprise the Channel Island Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel, and the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea....
    
    )
    • Lieutenant-Governor -
      1. Sir Desmond Fitzpatrick
         Desmond Fitzpatrick
         General Sir Geoffrey Richard Desmond Fitzpatrick, GCB, GCVO, DSO, MBE, MC was a senior British Army officer who served as commander of the British Army of the Rhine and Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe...
         
         , Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey (1974–1979)
      2. Sir Peter Whiteley
         Peter Whiteley (Royal Marines officer)
         General Sir Peter John Frederick Whiteley GCB OBE is a former Commander-in-Chief Allied Forces Northern Europe.-Military career:Educated at Bembridge School, Peter Whiteley was commissioned as a Royal Marine during World War II....
         
         , Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey (1979–1985)
    • Bailiff - Sir Frank Ereaut
      Frank Ereaut
      Sir Frank Ereaut was Bailiff of Jersey from 1975 to 1985.- Early years :Ereaut was born in London, the son of and May Julia Cobbold...
      
      , Bailiff of Jersey (1975–1985)
  • Isle of Man
    Isle of Man
    The Isle of Man , otherwise known simply as Mann , is a self-governing British Crown Dependency, located in the Irish Sea between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland, within the British Isles. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who holds the title of Lord of Mann. The Lord of Mann is...
    
     (British Crown dependency
    Crown dependency
    The Crown Dependencies are British possessions of the Crown, as opposed to overseas territories of the United Kingdom. They comprise the Channel Island Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel, and the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea....
    
    )
    • Lieutenant-Governor - Sir John Warburton Paul
      John Warburton Paul
      Sir John Warburton Paul, GCMG, OBE, MC was a British government official, best known as a prolific administrator for 20 years of various British overseas territories around the world...
      
      , Lieutenant-Governor of Man (1974–1980)
    • Head of Government - Clifford Irving, Chairman of the Executive Council of the Isle of Man
      Chairman of the Executive Council
      The Chairman of the Executive Council of the Isle of Man was the executive head of the Isle of Man Government from 1961 to 1986. The title of the office was changed in 1986 to Chief Minister.-Chairmen:*Sir Charles Kerruish MLC OBE LLD , 1961–67...
      
       (1977–1981)
  • Gibraltar
    Gibraltar
    Gibraltar is a British overseas territory located on the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula at the entrance of the Mediterranean. A peninsula with an area of , it has a northern border with Andalusia, Spain. The Rock of Gibraltar is the major landmark of the region...
    
     (British crown colony
    Crown colony
    A Crown colony, also known in the 17th century as royal colony, was a type of colonial administration of the English and later British Empire....
    
    )
    • Governor - Sir William Jackson, Governor of Gibraltar
      Governor of Gibraltar
      The Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Gibraltar is the representative of the British monarch in the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. The Governor is appointed by the British Monarch on the advice of the British Government...
      
       (1978–1982)
    • Chief Minister - Sir Joshua Hassan
      Joshua Hassan
      Sir Joshua Abraham Hassan, GBE, KCMG, LVO, QC , nicknamed "Salvador" , was a Gibraltarian politician, and first Mayor and Chief Minister of Gibraltar, serving two terms as Chief Minister for a total of 17 years...
      
      , Chief Minister of Gibraltar
      Chief Minister of Gibraltar
      The Chief Minister of Gibraltar is the leader of the largest party elected to the Gibraltar Parliament, and is formally appointed by the Governor of Gibraltar, representative of the British Crown.-List of Chief Ministers:...
      
       (1972–1987)
• Vatican City
  Vatican City
  Vatican City , or Vatican City State, in Italian officially Stato della Città del Vaticano , which translates literally as State of the City of the Vatican, is a landlocked sovereign city-state whose territory consists of a walled enclave within the city of Rome, Italy. It has an area of...
  
  
  • Monarch - Pope John Paul II
    Pope John Paul II
    Blessed Pope John Paul II , born Karol Józef Wojtyła , reigned as Pope of the Catholic Church and Sovereign of Vatican City from 16 October 1978 until his death on 2 April 2005, at of age. His was the second-longest documented pontificate, which lasted ; only Pope Pius IX ...
    
    , Sovereign of the State of the Vatican City (1978–2005)
  • President of the Governorate -
    1. Jean-Marie Villot, President of the Governorate of Vatican City State (1969–1979)
    2. Agostino Casaroli, President of the Governorate of Vatican City State (1979–1984)
  • Holy See
    Holy See
    The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, in which its Bishop is commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent episcopal see of the Catholic Church, forming the central government of the Church. As such, diplomatically, and in other spheres the Holy See acts and...
    
    
    • Secretary of State -
    1. Jean-Marie Villot, Cardinal Secretary of State
       Cardinal Secretary of State
       The Cardinal Secretary of State—officially Secretary of State of His Holiness The Pope—presides over the Holy See, usually known as the "Vatican", Secretariat of State, which is the oldest and most important dicastery of the Roman Curia...
       
        (1969–1979)
    2. Agostino Casaroli, Cardinal Secretary of State
       Cardinal Secretary of State
       The Cardinal Secretary of State—officially Secretary of State of His Holiness The Pope—presides over the Holy See, usually known as the "Vatican", Secretariat of State, which is the oldest and most important dicastery of the Roman Curia...
       
        (1979–1990)
• Yugoslavia
  Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
  The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was the Yugoslav state that existed from the abolition of the Yugoslav monarchy until it was dissolved in 1992 amid the Yugoslav Wars. It was a socialist state and a federation made up of six socialist republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,...
  
  
  • Communist Party leader - Josip Broz Tito
    Josip Broz Tito
    Marshal Josip Broz Tito – 4 May 1980) was a Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman. While his presidency has been criticized as authoritarian, Tito was a popular public figure both in Yugoslavia and abroad, viewed as a unifying symbol for the nations of the Yugoslav federation...
    
    , President of the Presidium of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia
    League of Communists of Yugoslavia
    League of Communists of Yugoslavia , before 1952 the Communist Party of Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croatian: Savez komunista Jugoslavije/Савез комуниста Југославије, Slovene: Zveza komunistov Jugoslavije, Macedonian: Сојуз на комунистите на Југославија, Sojuz na...
    
     (1945–1980)
  • President - Josip Broz Tito
    Josip Broz Tito
    Marshal Josip Broz Tito – 4 May 1980) was a Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman. While his presidency has been criticized as authoritarian, Tito was a popular public figure both in Yugoslavia and abroad, viewed as a unifying symbol for the nations of the Yugoslav federation...
    
    , President for Life of Yugoslavia (1953–1980)
  • Premier - Veselin Đuranović, Chairman of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia
    Prime Minister of Yugoslavia
    The Prime Minister or the President of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia was the head of government of the Yugoslav state, from the creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1918 until the end of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1992.-Kingdom of...
    
     (1977–1982)

North America

• Antigua
  Antigua and Barbuda
  Antigua and Barbuda is a twin-island nation lying between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. It consists of two major inhabited islands, Antigua and Barbuda, and a number of smaller islands...
  
   (British associated state)
  • Governor - Sir Wilfred Jacobs
    Wilfred Jacobs
    Sir Wilfred Ebenezer Jacobs was the first Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda. He held this position from 1 November 1981 to 10 June 1993. He was replaced by James Carlisle. He was also the governor of Antigua and Barbuda from 1967 until that country gained independence in 1981 and he became...
    
    , Governor of Antigua (1967–1993)
  • Premier - Vere Bird
    Vere Bird
    Sir Vere Cornwall Bird Sr. was the first Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda. His son, Lester Bryant Bird, succeeded him as Prime Minister. In 1994 he was declared a national hero....
    
    , Premier of Antigua (1976–1994)
• The Bahamas
  The Bahamas
  The Bahamas , officially the Commonwealth of the Bahamas, is a nation consisting of 29 islands, 661 cays, and 2,387 islets . It is located in the Atlantic Ocean north of Cuba and Hispaniola , northwest of the Turks and Caicos Islands, and southeast of the United States...
  
  
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of the Bahamas (1973–present)
  • Governor-General -
    1. Sir Milo Butler
       Milo Butler
       Milo Butler, GCMG was a Bahamian administrator. He was appointed as the first Bahamian Governor-General on the recommendation of Lynden Pindling, prime minister of The Bahamas and leader of the Progressive Liberal Party , of which he was also a member...
       
       , Governor-General of the Bahamas (1973–1979)
    2. Sir Gerald Cash
       Gerald Cash
       Sir Gerald Christopher Cash GCMG GCVO OBE was the second Governor-General of the Commonwealth of the Bahamas ....
       
       , Acting Governor-General (1976–1979), Governor-General of the Bahamas (1979–1988)
  • Prime Minister - Lynden Pindling
    Lynden Pindling
    Sir Lynden Oscar Pindling KCMG, OM, JP , is generally regarded as the "Father of the Nation" of the Bahamas, having led it to Majority Rule on 10 January 1967 and then to independence on 10 July 1973. He served as the first black premier of the Colony of the Bahama Islands from 1967 to 1969 and as...
    
    , Prime Minister of the Bahamas (1967–1992)
• Barbados
  Barbados
  Barbados is an island country in the Lesser Antilles. It is in length and as much as in width, amounting to . It is situated in the western area of the North Atlantic and 100 kilometres east of the Windward Islands and the Caribbean Sea; therein, it is about east of the islands of Saint...
  
  
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Barbados (1966–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Deighton Lisle Ward
    Deighton Lisle Ward
    Sir Deighton Harcourt Lisle Ward, GCMG, GCVO, graduated from Harrison College in Bridgetown. In 1958, he was one of the candidates of the Barbados Labour Party when they won four of the five seats in the House of Representatives in the Federal Parliament . He was a Freemason and also President of...
    
    , Governor-General of Barbados (1976–1984)
  • Prime Minister - Tom Adams, Prime Minister of Barbados (1976–1985)
• Belize
  British Honduras
  British Honduras was a British colony that is now the independent nation of Belize.First colonised by Spaniards in the 17th century, the territory on the east coast of Central America, south of Mexico, became a British crown colony from 1862 until 1964, when it became self-governing. Belize became...
  
   (British crown colony
  Crown colony
  A Crown colony, also known in the 17th century as royal colony, was a type of colonial administration of the English and later British Empire....
  
  )
  • Governor - Peter Donovan McEntee, Governor of Belize (1976–1980)
  • Premier - George Cadle Price
    George Cadle Price
    George Cadle Price PC was the first Prime Minister of Belize and is considered to have been one of the principal architects of the country's independence, and is today referred to by many as "the Father of the Nation"....
    
    , Premier of Belize (1961–1984)
• Bermuda
  Bermuda
  Bermuda is a British overseas territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. Located off the east coast of the United States, its nearest landmass is Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, about to the west-northwest. It is about south of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, and northeast of Miami, Florida...
  
   (British crown colony
  Crown colony
  A Crown colony, also known in the 17th century as royal colony, was a type of colonial administration of the English and later British Empire....
  
  )
  • Governor - Sir Peter Ramsbotham, Governor of Bermuda
    Governor of Bermuda
    The Governor of Bermuda is the representative of the British monarch in the British overseas territory of Bermuda. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
    
     (1977–1980)
  • Premier - David Gibbons, Premier of Bermuda (1977–1982)
• British Virgin Islands
  British Virgin Islands
  The Virgin Islands, often called the British Virgin Islands , is a British overseas territory and overseas territory of the European Union, located in the Caribbean to the east of Puerto Rico. The islands make up part of the Virgin Islands archipelago, the remaining islands constituting the U.S...
  
   (British crown colony
  Crown colony
  A Crown colony, also known in the 17th century as royal colony, was a type of colonial administration of the English and later British Empire....
  
  )
  • Governor - James Alfred Davidson
    James Alfred Davidson
    James Alfred Davidson, OBE, naval commander and diplomat, was born on March 22, 1922. He died on May 6, 2004, aged 82. During the Second World War James Davidson served in every theatre of the war at sea...
    
    , Governor of the British Virgin Islands
    Governor of the British Virgin Islands
    The Governor of the British Virgin Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of British Virgin Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
    
     (1978–1982)
  • Chief Minister -
    1. Willard Wheatley
       Willard Wheatley
       Willard Wheatley served two consecutive terms as the Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands from 1971 to 1979. He was the leader of the United Party.-References:*...
       
       , Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands (1971–1979)
    2. Lavity Stoutt
       Lavity Stoutt
       Hamilton Lavity Stoutt was the first and longest serving Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands, winning four general elections and serving three non-consecutive terms of office from 1967 to 1971, again from 1981 to 1983 and again from 1986 until his death in 1995.Since Stoutt's death in...
       
       , Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands (1979–1983)
• Canada
  Canada
  Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
  
  
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Canada (1952–present)
  • Governor General -
    1. Jules Léger
       Jules Léger
       Jules Léger was a Canadian diplomat and statesman who served as Governor General of Canada, the 21st since Canadian Confederation....
       
       , Governor General of Canada
       Governor General of Canada
       The Governor General of Canada is the federal viceregal representative of the Canadian monarch, Queen Elizabeth II...
       
        (1974–1979)
    2. Edward Schreyer
       Edward Schreyer
       Edward Richard Schreyer , commonly known as Ed Schreyer, is a Canadian politician, diplomat, and statesman who served as Governor General of Canada, the 22nd since Canadian Confederation....
       
       , Governor General of Canada
       Governor General of Canada
       The Governor General of Canada is the federal viceregal representative of the Canadian monarch, Queen Elizabeth II...
       
        (1979–1984)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Pierre Trudeau
       Pierre Trudeau
       Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau, , usually known as Pierre Trudeau or Pierre Elliott Trudeau, was the 15th Prime Minister of Canada from April 20, 1968 to June 4, 1979, and again from March 3, 1980 to June 30, 1984.Trudeau began his political career campaigning for socialist ideals,...
       
       , Prime Minister of Canada
       Prime Minister of Canada
       The Prime Minister of Canada is the primary minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus head of government for Canada, charged with advising the Canadian monarch or viceroy on the exercise of the executive powers vested in them by the constitution...
       
        (1968–1979)
    2. Joe Clark
       Joe Clark
       Charles Joseph "Joe" Clark, is a Canadian statesman, businessman, and university professor, and former journalist and politician...
       
       , Prime Minister of Canada
       Prime Minister of Canada
       The Prime Minister of Canada is the primary minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus head of government for Canada, charged with advising the Canadian monarch or viceroy on the exercise of the executive powers vested in them by the constitution...
       
        (1979–1980)
• Cayman Islands
  Cayman Islands
  The Cayman Islands is a British Overseas Territory and overseas territory of the European Union located in the western Caribbean Sea. The territory comprises the three islands of Grand Cayman, Cayman Brac, and Little Cayman, located south of Cuba and northwest of Jamaica...
  
   (British crown colony
  Crown colony
  A Crown colony, also known in the 17th century as royal colony, was a type of colonial administration of the English and later British Empire....
  
  )
  • Governor - Thomas Russell, Governor of the Cayman Islands
    Governor of the Cayman Islands
    The Governor of the Cayman Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of the Cayman Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
    
     (1974–1982)
• Costa Rica
  Costa Rica
  Costa Rica , officially the Republic of Costa Rica is a multilingual, multiethnic and multicultural country in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Caribbean Sea to the east....
  
  
  • President - Rodrigo Carazo Odio
    Rodrigo Carazo Odio
    Rodrigo José Ramón Francisco de Jesús Carazo Odio served as President of Costa Rica from 8 May 1978 to 8 May 1982.Carazo was born in 1926 in Cartago...
    
    , President of Costa Rica (1978–1982)
• Cuba
  Cuba
  The Republic of Cuba is an island nation in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos. Havana is the largest city in Cuba and the country's capital. Santiago de Cuba is the second largest city...
  
  
  • Communist Party Leader - Fidel Castro
    Fidel Castro
    Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz is a Cuban revolutionary and politician, having held the position of Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and then President from 1976 to 2008. He also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from the party's foundation in 1961 until 2011...
    
    , First secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba
    Communist Party of Cuba
    The Communist Party of Cuba is the governing political party in Cuba. It is a communist party of the Marxist-Leninist model. The Cuban constitution ascribes the role of the Party to be the "leading force of society and of the state"...
    
     (1965–2011)
  • President - Fidel Castro
    Fidel Castro
    Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz is a Cuban revolutionary and politician, having held the position of Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and then President from 1976 to 2008. He also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from the party's foundation in 1961 until 2011...
    
    , President of the Council of State of Cuba (1976–2008)
  • Premier - Fidel Castro
    Fidel Castro
    Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz is a Cuban revolutionary and politician, having held the position of Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and then President from 1976 to 2008. He also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from the party's foundation in 1961 until 2011...
    
    , President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba
    Prime Minister of Cuba
    Prime Minister of Cuba was a position in the government of Cuba. Fidel Castro assumed the position of Prime Minister in 1959 replacing José Miró Cardona....
    
     (1959–2008)
• Dominica
  Dominica
  Dominica , officially the Commonwealth of Dominica, is an island nation in the Lesser Antilles region of the Caribbean Sea, south-southeast of Guadeloupe and northwest of Martinique. Its size is and the highest point in the country is Morne Diablotins, which has an elevation of . The Commonwealth...
  
  
  • President -
    1. Sir Louis Cools-Lartigue, Interim President of Dominica (1968–1979)
    2. Fred Degazon
       Fred Degazon
       Frederick Eutrope Degazon was the first President of Dominica. He was born in Castries, Saint Lucia and is currently living in exile in London....
       
       , President of Dominica (1979–1980)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Patrick John
       Patrick John
       Colonel Patrick Roland John was the Prime Minister of Dominica as well as the Premier of Dominica. During his premiership Dominica gained independence from the United Kingdom and he became the first Prime Minister of Dominica. He was a successful trade union leader and a mayor of Roseau before...
       
       , Prime Minister of Dominica (1974–1979)
    2. Oliver Seraphin, Prime Minister of Dominica (1979–1980)
• Dominican Republic
  Dominican Republic
  The Dominican Republic is a nation on the island of La Hispaniola, part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands that are shared by two countries...
  
  
  • President - Antonio Guzmán Fernández
    Antonio Guzmán Fernández
    Silvestre Antonio Guzmán Fernández was a Dominican businessman and a politician. He was the 46th President of the Dominican Republic, from 1978 to 1982.- Early life :Antonio Guzmán was born in the town of La Vega...
    
    , President of the Dominican Republic (1978–1982)
• El Salvador
  El Salvador
  El Salvador or simply Salvador is the smallest and the most densely populated country in Central America. The country's capital city and largest city is San Salvador; Santa Ana and San Miguel are also important cultural and commercial centers in the country and in all of Central America...
  
  
  • Head of State -
    1. Carlos Humberto Romero
       Carlos Humberto Romero
       General Carlos Humberto Romero Mena is a former President of El Salvador, having served from 1977 until 1979. He was deposed with a reformist coup d'état by dissident, politically-conservative and -moderate military officers and civilians. President-General Romero's rule was military dictatorship...
       
       , President of El Salvador
       President of El Salvador
       This page contains a list of Presidents of El Salvador.-Heads of State of El Salvador within the Federal Republic of Central America :*Pedro Barriere : 21 September 1821 - 28 November 1821*José Matías Delgado : 28 Nov 1821 - 9 February 1823...
       
        (1977–1979)
    2. Revolutionary Government Junta
       Revolutionary Government Junta of El Salvador
       The Revolutionary Government ruled El Salvador between October 15, 1979 and May 2, 1982. It contained two colonels, Adolfo Arnaldo Majano Ramos and Jaime Abdul Gutiérrez Avendaño, and three civilians, Guillermo Ungo, Mario Antonio Andino and Román Mayorga Quirós.The JRG ousted President Carlos...
       
       , Head of State of El Salvador
       President of El Salvador
       This page contains a list of Presidents of El Salvador.-Heads of State of El Salvador within the Federal Republic of Central America :*Pedro Barriere : 21 September 1821 - 28 November 1821*José Matías Delgado : 28 Nov 1821 - 9 February 1823...
       
        (1979–1982)
• Grenada
  Grenada
  Grenada is an island country and Commonwealth Realm consisting of the island of Grenada and six smaller islands at the southern end of the Grenadines in the southeastern Caribbean Sea...
  
  
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Grenada
    Monarchy of Grenada
    The monarchy of Grenada is a system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign of the Grenadas. The present monarch of Grenada is Queen Elizabeth II...
    
     (1974–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Paul Scoon
    Paul Scoon
    Sir Paul Scoon, GCMG, GCVO, OBE was Governor General of Grenada for 14 years, from 1978 to 1992.-Biography:Sir Paul was born on 4 July 1935 in Gouyave, a town on the west coast of Grenada. He attended St. John's Anglican School and then the Grenada Boys' Secondary School...
    
    , Governor-General of Grenada (1978–1992)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Sir Eric Gairy
       Eric Gairy
       Sir Eric Matthew Gairy was the first Prime Minister of Grenada, serving from Grenada`s independence in 1974 until his overthrow in a coup by Maurice Bishop in 1979...
       
       , Prime Minister of Grenada (1967–1979)
    2. Maurice Bishop
       Maurice Bishop
       Maurice Rupert Bishop was a Grenadian politician and revolutionary who seized power in a coup in 1979 from Eric Gairy and served as Prime Minister of the People's Revolutionary Government of Grenada until 1983, when he was overthrown in another coup by Bernard Coard, a member of his own...
       
       , Prime Minister of Grenada (1979–1983)
• Guatemala
  Guatemala
  Guatemala is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, Belize to the northeast, the Caribbean to the east, and Honduras and El Salvador to the southeast...
  
  
  • President - Fernando Romeo Lucas García
    Fernando Romeo Lucas García
    Fernando Romeo Lucas García was the 25th President of Guatemala from 1 July 1978 to 23 March 1982...
    
    , President of Guatemala
    President of Guatemala
    The title of President of Guatemala has been the usual title of the leader of Guatemala since 1839, when that title was assumed by Mariano Rivera Paz...
    
     (1978–1982)
• Haiti
  Haiti
  Haiti , officially the Republic of Haiti , is a Caribbean country. It occupies the western, smaller portion of the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antillean archipelago, which it shares with the Dominican Republic. Ayiti was the indigenous Taíno or Amerindian name for the island...
  
  
  • President - Jean-Claude Duvalier
    Jean-Claude Duvalier
    Jean-Claude Duvalier, nicknamed "Bébé Doc" or "Baby Doc" was the President of Haiti from 1971 until his overthrow by a popular uprising in 1986. He succeeded his father, François "Papa Doc" Duvalier, as the ruler of Haiti upon his father's death in 1971...
    
    , President for Life of Haiti
    President of Haiti
    The President of the Republic of Haiti is the head of state of Haiti. Executive power in Haiti is divided between the president and the government headed by the Prime Minister of Haiti...
    
     (1971–1986)
• Honduras
  Honduras
  Honduras is a republic in Central America. It was previously known as Spanish Honduras to differentiate it from British Honduras, which became the modern-day state of Belize...
  
  
  • President - Policarpo Paz García
    Policarpo Paz García
    Policarpo Juan Paz García was a Honduran military leader and autocrat who served as President of Honduras from 7 August 1978 until 27 January 1982....
    
    , Provisional President of Honduras
    President of Honduras
    This page lists the Presidents of Honduras.Colonial Honduras declared its independence from Spain on 15 September 1821. From 5 January 1822 to 1 July 1823, Honduras was part of the First Mexican Empire of Agustín de Iturbide....
    
     (1978–1982)
• Jamaica
  Jamaica
  Jamaica is an island nation of the Greater Antilles, in length, up to in width and 10,990 square kilometres in area. It is situated in the Caribbean Sea, about south of Cuba, and west of Hispaniola, the island harbouring the nation-states Haiti and the Dominican Republic...
  
  
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Jamaica
    Monarchy of Jamaica
    The Monarchy of Jamaica is a constitutional system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign and head of state of Jamaica, forming the core of the country's Westminster-style parliamentary democracy...
    
     (1962–present)
  • Governor-General - Florizel Glasspole
    Florizel Glasspole
    Sir Florizel Augustus Glasspole, ON, GCMG, GCVO, K.St.J was the third Governor General of Jamaica....
    
    , Governor-General of Jamaica
    Governor-General of Jamaica
    The Governor-General of Jamaica represents the Jamaican monarch, and head of state, who holds the title of King or Queen of Jamaica ....
    
     (1973–1991)
  • Prime Minister - Michael Manley
    Michael Manley
    Michael Norman Manley ON OCC was the fourth Prime Minister of Jamaica . Manley was a democratic socialist....
    
    , Prime Minister of Jamaica
    Prime Minister of Jamaica
    The Prime Minister of Jamaica is Jamaica's head of government, currently Andrew Holness. Andrew Holness was elected as the new leader of the governing Jamaica Labour Party and succeeded Bruce Golding to become Jamaica's ninth Prime Minister on 23 October 2011...
    
     (1972–1980)
• Mexico
  Mexico
  The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
  
  
  • President - José López Portillo
    José López Portillo
    José López Portillo y Pacheco was the President of Mexico from 1976 to 1982.Born in Mexico City, López Portillo studied Law at the National Autonomous University of Mexico before beginning his political career with the Institutional Revolutionary Party in 1959.He held several positions in the...
    
    , President of Mexico
    President of Mexico
    The President of the United Mexican States is the head of state and government of Mexico. Under the Constitution, the president is also the Supreme Commander of the Mexican armed forces...
    
     (1976–1982)
• Montserrat
  Montserrat
  Montserrat is a British overseas territory located in the Leeward Islands, part of the chain of islands called the Lesser Antilles in the West Indies. This island measures approximately long and wide, giving of coastline...
  
   (British crown colony
  Crown colony
  A Crown colony, also known in the 17th century as royal colony, was a type of colonial administration of the English and later British Empire....
  
  )
  • Governor - Gwilyum Wyn Jones, Governor of Montserrat
    Governor of Montserrat
    The Governor of Montserrat is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Montserrat. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
    
     (1977–1980)
  • Chief Minister - John Osborne
    John Osborne (politician)
    John Alfred Osborne was a chief minister of Montserrat.He first came to that position in November 1978, as a member of the People's Liberation Movement, and continued until losing legislative council elections on October 10, 1991. By 2001 he had switched parties, joining the New People's...
    
    , Chief Minister of Montserrat
    Chief Minister of Montserrat
    The Chief Minister of Montserrat is the head of government of Montserrat, an island in the Caribbean that is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom, appointed by the Governor of Montserrat on behalf of Queen Elizabeth II, Montserrat's head of state. The current Chief Minister of Montserrat is...
    
     (1978–1991)
• Netherlands Antilles
  Netherlands Antilles
  The Netherlands Antilles , also referred to informally as the Dutch Antilles, was an autonomous Caribbean country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, consisting of two groups of islands in the Lesser Antilles: Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao , in Leeward Antilles just off the Venezuelan coast; and Sint...
  
   (constituent country
  Constituent country
  Constituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity. The term constituent country does not have any defined legal meaning, and is used simply to refer to a country which is a part Constituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts...
  
   of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
  Kingdom of the Netherlands
  The Kingdom of the Netherlands is a sovereign state and constitutional monarchy with territory in Western Europe and in the Caribbean. The four parts of the Kingdom—Aruba, Curaçao, the Netherlands, and Sint Maarten—are referred to as "countries", and participate on a basis of equality...
  
  )
  • Governor - Bernadito M. Leito, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles
    Governor of the Netherlands Antilles
    The Governor of the Netherlands Antilles was the representative of the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the Netherlands Antilles and the head of the National Government of the Netherlands Antilles....
    
     (1970–1983)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Silvius Gerard Marie Rozendal, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (1977–1979)
    2. Miguel A. Pourier, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (1979)
    3. Dominico Martina, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (1979–1984)
• Nicaragua
  Nicaragua
  Nicaragua is the largest country in the Central American American isthmus, bordered by Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. The country is situated between 11 and 14 degrees north of the Equator in the Northern Hemisphere, which places it entirely within the tropics. The Pacific Ocean...
  
  
  • Head of State -
    1. Anastasio Somoza Debayle
       Anastasio Somoza Debayle
       Anastasio Somoza Debayle was a Nicaraguan leader and officially the 73rd and 76th President of Nicaragua from 1 May 1967 to 1 May 1972 and from 1 December 1974 to 17 July 1979. As head of the National Guard, he was de facto ruler of the country from 1967 to 1979...
       
       , President of Nicaragua
       President of Nicaragua
       The position of President of Nicaragua was created in the Constitution of 1854. From 1825 until the Constitution of 1838 the title of the position was known as Head of State and from 1838 to 1854 as Supreme Director .-Heads of State of Nicaragua within the Federal Republic of Central America...
       
        (1974–1979)
    2. Francisco Urcuyo, Acting President of Nicaragua
       President of Nicaragua
       The position of President of Nicaragua was created in the Constitution of 1854. From 1825 until the Constitution of 1838 the title of the position was known as Head of State and from 1838 to 1854 as Supreme Director .-Heads of State of Nicaragua within the Federal Republic of Central America...
       
        (1979)
    3. Junta of National Reconstruction
       Junta of National Reconstruction
       The Junta of National Reconstruction officially ruled Nicaragua from July 1979 to January 1985, though effective power was in the hands of the Sandinista National Liberation Front's National Directorate....
       
       , Head of State of Nicaragua
       President of Nicaragua
       The position of President of Nicaragua was created in the Constitution of 1854. From 1825 until the Constitution of 1838 the title of the position was known as Head of State and from 1838 to 1854 as Supreme Director .-Heads of State of Nicaragua within the Federal Republic of Central America...
       
        (1979–1985)
• Panama
  Panama
  Panama , officially the Republic of Panama , is the southernmost country of Central America. Situated on the isthmus connecting North and South America, it is bordered by Costa Rica to the northwest, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south. The...
  
  
  • De facto leader - Omar Torrijos
    Omar Torrijos
    Omar Efraín Torrijos Herrera was the Commander of the Panamanian and National Guard and the de facto leader of Panama from 1968 to 1981...
    
    , Commandant of the National Guard (1969–1981)
  • President - Aristides Royo
    Aristides Royo
    Aristides Royo Sánchez was President of Panama from October 11, 1978 to July 31, 1982.-History of Panama Presidents:...
    
    , President of Panama (1978–1982)
  • Panama Canal Zone
    Panama Canal Zone
    The Panama Canal Zone was a unorganized U.S. territory located within the Republic of Panama, consisting of the Panama Canal and an area generally extending 5 miles on each side of the centerline, but excluding Panama City and Colón, which otherwise would have been partly within the limits of...
    
     (unincorporated territory of the United States)
    • reintegrated into Panama on 30 September 1979
    • Governor - Harold Parfitt, Governor of the Panama Canal Zone (1975–1979)
• Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla
  Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla
  Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla was historically an overseas territory of the United Kingdom located in the Caribbean Sea. This entity later became a province to the short lived West Indies Federation in 1958...
  
   (British associated state)
  • Governor - Sir Probyn Ellsworth-Innis, Governor of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (1975–1981)
  • Premier -
    1. Paul Southwell
       Paul Southwell
       Caleb Azariah Paul Southwell was the second Premier and first Chief Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis in the Caribbean. He also worked as a teacher, police officer, and trade unionist.- Early life and career :...
       
       , Premier of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (1978–1979)
    2. Lee Moore, Premier of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (1979–1980)
• Saint Lucia
  Saint Lucia
  Saint Lucia is an island country in the eastern Caribbean Sea on the boundary with the Atlantic Ocean. Part of the Lesser Antilles, it is located north/northeast of the island of Saint Vincent, northwest of Barbados and south of Martinique. It covers a land area of 620 km2 and has an...
  
  
  • gained independence on 22 February 1979
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Saint Lucia
    Monarchy of Saint Lucia
    The monarchy of Saint Lucia is a system of government in which a hereditary, constitutional monarch is the sovereign of Saint Lucia. The present monarch of Saint Lucia is Queen Elizabeth II. Saint Lucia share the Sovereign with a number of Commonwealth realms...
    
     (1979–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Allen Montgomery Lewis
    Allen Montgomery Lewis
    Sir Allen Montgomery Lewis GCMG, GCVO, K.St.J was a barrister and public servant from Saint Lucia who twice served as the country's Governor-General . He was one of the founders and the first president of the Saint Lucia Labour Party in 1950...
    
    , Governor of Saint Lucia (1974–1979), Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1979–1980)
  • Prime Minister - John Compton
    John Compton
    Sir John George Melvin Compton, KBE, PC was the first, fifth and eighth Prime Minister of Saint Lucia in 1979, from 1982 to 1996, and from 2006 until his death. Compton, who previously led Saint Lucia under British rule from 1964 to 1979, was the country's first leader when it became independent...
    
    , Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (1964–1979)
• Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Territorial collectivity of France)
  • Prefect -
    1. Pierre Eydoux, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
       Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
       The prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon is the local representative of the President of France and in effect the Governor or Executive officer of the territory.- Overview :...
       
        (1977–1979)
    2. Clément Bouhin, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
       Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
       The prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon is the local representative of the President of France and in effect the Governor or Executive officer of the territory.- Overview :...
       
        (1979–1981)
  • President of the General Council - Albert Pen, President of the General Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1968–1984)
• Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is an island country in the Lesser Antilles chain, namely in the southern portion of the Windward Islands, which lie at the southern end of the eastern border of the Caribbean Sea where the latter meets the Atlantic Ocean....
  
  
  • gained independence on 27 October 1979
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
    Monarchy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
    The monarchy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is the constitutional system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign and head of state of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, forming the core of the country's Westminster-style parliamentary democracy. The Crown is thus is the...
    
     (1979–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Sydney Gun-Munro
    Sydney Gun-Munro
    Sir Sydney Douglas Gun-Munro GCMG, FRCS was Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines...
    
    , Governor of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1976–1979), Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979–1985)
  • Prime Minister - Milton Cato
    Milton Cato
    Robert Milton Cato was the first Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and also held the offices Premier of Saint Vincent and Chief Minister of Saint Vincent before independence...
    
    , Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1974–1984)
• Trinidad and Tobago
  Trinidad and Tobago
  Trinidad and Tobago officially the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago is an archipelagic state in the southern Caribbean, lying just off the coast of northeastern Venezuela and south of Grenada in the Lesser Antilles...
  
  
  • President - Ellis Clarke
    Ellis Clarke
    Sir Ellis Emmanuel Innocent Clarke, TC, GCMG was the second and last Governor-General of Trinidad and Tobago and the first President of Trinidad and Tobago. Clarke was one of the main architects of Trinidad and Tobago's 1962 Independence constitution.Clarke attended Saint Mary's College, winning...
    
    , President of Trinidad and Tobago
    President of Trinidad and Tobago
    The President of Trinidad and Tobago is the head of state of Trinidad and Tobago, and the commander in chief of its armed forces. The office was established when the country became a republic in 1976, before which the head of state was Queen Elizabeth II...
    
     (1972–1987)
  • Prime Minister - Eric Williams
    Eric Williams
    Eric Eustace Williams served as the first Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago. He served from 1956 until his death in 1981. He was also a noted Caribbean historian, and is widely regarded as "The Father of The Nation."...
    
    , Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1956–1981)
• Turks and Caicos Islands
  Turks and Caicos Islands
  The Turks and Caicos Islands are a British Overseas Territory and overseas territory of the European Union consisting of two groups of tropical islands in the Caribbean, the larger Caicos Islands and the smaller Turks Islands, known for tourism and as an offshore financial centre.The Turks and...
  
   (British crown colony
  Crown colony
  A Crown colony, also known in the 17th century as royal colony, was a type of colonial administration of the English and later British Empire....
  
  )
  • Governor - John Clifford Strong
    John Clifford Strong
    John Clifford Strong was Governor of the Turks and Caicos from August 1978 to September 1982. Strong was succeeded by Christopher J. Turner in October 1982.-References:...
    
    , Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands
    Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands
    The Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Turks and Caicos Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
    
     (1978–1982)
  • Chief Minister - James Alexander George Smith McCartney
    James Alexander George Smith McCartney
    James Alexander George Smith McCartney also known as J. A. G. S. McCartney or "Jags" McCartney was a politician from the Turks and Caicos Islands...
    
    , Chief Minister of Turks and Caicos Islands
    Premier of the Turks and Caicos Islands
    This is a list of Chief Ministers and Premiers of the Turks and Caicos Islands.-Chief Ministers of the Turks and Caicos Islands:-Premiers of the Turks and Caicos Islands:...
    
     (1976–1980)
• United States of America
  • President - Jimmy Carter
    Jimmy Carter
    James Earl "Jimmy" Carter, Jr. is an American politician who served as the 39th President of the United States and was the recipient of the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize, the only U.S. President to have received the Prize after leaving office...
    
    , President of the United States
    President of the United States
    The President of the United States of America is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces....
    
     (1977–1981)
  • Puerto Rico
    Puerto Rico
    Puerto Rico , officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico , is an unincorporated territory of the United States, located in the northeastern Caribbean, east of the Dominican Republic and west of both the United States Virgin Islands and the British Virgin Islands.Puerto Rico comprises an...
    
     (Commonwealth
    Commonwealth (United States insular area)
    In the terminology of the United States insular areas, a Commonwealth is a type of organized but unincorporated dependent territory.The definition of "Commonwealth" according to current U.S. State Department policy reads: "The term 'Commonwealth' does not describe or provide for any specific...
    
     of the United States)
    • Governor - Carlos Romero Barceló
      Carlos Romero Barceló
      Carlos Antonio Romero Barceló is a Puerto Rican politician who served as the fifth Governor of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the second governor to be elected from the New Progressive Party and also Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico from 1993 to 2001, making him one of the more successful...
      
      , Governor of Puerto Rico
      Governor of Puerto Rico
      The Governor of Puerto Rico is the Head of Government of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Since 1948, the Governor has been elected by the people of Puerto Rico...
      
       (1977–1985)
  • United States Virgin Islands
    United States Virgin Islands
    The Virgin Islands of the United States are a group of islands in the Caribbean that are an insular area of the United States. The islands are geographically part of the Virgin Islands archipelago and are located in the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles.The U.S...
    
     (Insular area
    Insular area
    An insular area is a United States territory, that is neither a part of one of the fifty U.S. states nor the District of Columbia, the federal district of the United States...
    
     of the United States)
    • Governor - Juan Francisco Luis
      Juan Francisco Luis
      Juan Francisco Luis was a U.S. Virgin Island politician who served as the third elected Governor of the U.S. Virgin Islands and the territory's 23rd Governor overall. Luis assumed the governorship on January 2, 1978, succeeding Governor Cyril King, who died in office...
      
      , Governor of US Virgin Islands (1978–1987)

Oceania

• American Samoa
  American Samoa
  American Samoa is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of the sovereign state of Samoa...
  
   (unorganized
  Unorganized territory
  An unorganized territory is a region of land without a "normally" constituted system of government. This does not mean that the territory has no government at all or that it is unclaimed territory...
  
  , unincorporated territory of the United States)
  • Governor - Peter Tali Coleman
    Peter Tali Coleman
    Peter Tali Coleman was the first person of Samoan descent to be appointed governor of American Samoa and later became the territory's first popularly elected governor. A member of the Republican Party, he is the only U.S...
    
    , Governor of American Samoa (1978–1985)
• Australia
  Australia
  Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
  
  
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Australia (1952–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Zelman Cowen
    Zelman Cowen
    Sir Zelman Cowen, was the 19th Governor-General of Australia. He is currently the oldest living former Governor-General of Australia.-Early life:...
    
    , Governor-General of Australia
    Governor-General of Australia
    The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia is the representative in Australia at federal/national level of the Australian monarch . He or she exercises the supreme executive power of the Commonwealth...
    
     (1977–1982)
  • Prime Minister - Malcolm Fraser
    Malcolm Fraser
    John Malcolm Fraser AC, CH, GCL, PC is a former Australian Liberal Party politician who was the 22nd Prime Minister of Australia. He came to power in the 1975 election following the dismissal of the Whitlam Labor government, in which he played a key role...
    
    , Prime Minister of Australia
    Prime Minister of Australia
    The Prime Minister of the Commonwealth of Australia is the highest minister of the Crown, leader of the Cabinet and Head of Her Majesty's Australian Government, holding office on commission from the Governor-General of Australia. The office of Prime Minister is, in practice, the most powerful...
    
     (1975–1983)
  • Christmas Island
    Christmas Island
    The Territory of Christmas Island is a territory of Australia in the Indian Ocean. It is located northwest of the Western Australian city of Perth, south of the Indonesian capital, Jakarta, and ENE of the Cocos Islands....
    
     (external territory of Australia)
    • Administrator - F.C. Boyle, Administrator of Christmas Island (1977-1980)
  • Cocos (Keeling) Islands
    Cocos (Keeling) Islands
    The Territory of the Cocos Islands, also called Cocos Islands and Keeling Islands, is a territory of Australia, located in the Indian Ocean, southwest of Christmas Island and approximately midway between Australia and Sri Lanka....
    
     (external territory of Australia)
    • Administrator - Charles Ivens Buffett, Administrator of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1977-1981)
    • Council Chairman - Parson bin Yapat, Chairman of the Cocos Islands Council (1979-1981)
  • Norfolk Island
    Norfolk Island
    Norfolk Island is a small island in the Pacific Ocean located between Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia. The island is part of the Commonwealth of Australia, but it enjoys a large degree of self-governance...
    
     (self-governing territory of Australia)
    • Administrator -
      1. Desmond Vincent O'Leary, Administrator of Norfolk Island (1976–1979)
      2. Peter Coleman
         Peter Coleman
         William Peter Coleman is an Australian writer/journalist, former politician and Minister of the Crown in the cabinets of Tom Lewis and Sir Eric Willis. Following Willis' resignation as leader he was made Leader of the New South Wales Opposition...
         
         , Administrator of Norfolk Island (1979–1981)
    • Chief Minister - David Buffett
      David Buffett
      David Ernest Buffett AM is a political figure from the Australian territory of Norfolk Island. He is the current Chief Minister of Norfolk Island since March 2010, a position he has held on three previous occasions...
      
      , Chief Minister of Norfolk Island (1979–1986)
• Fiji
  Dominion of Fiji
  The Dominion of Fiji, also known simply as Fiji, was a predecessor to modern-day Fiji and an independent state and that existed between October 1970 and 26 October 1987....
  
  
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Fiji (1970–1987)
  • Governor-General - Ratu Sir George Cakobau
    George Cakobau
    Ratu Sir George Kadavulevu Cakobau, GCMG, GCVO, OBE was Governor General of Fiji from 1973 to 1983. A great-grandson of Ratu Seru Epenisa Cakobau, the King of Bau who had unified all the tribes of Fiji under his reign in the mid-1800s and subsequently ceded the islands to the United Kingdom in...
    
    , Governor-General of Fiji
    Governor-General of Fiji
    Fiji became a British Crown Colony in 1874, and an independent dominion in the Commonwealth in 1970. Queen Elizabeth II remained the Head of State, holding the title of Queen of Fiji until 1987, when she formally abdicated following two military coups...
    
     (1973–1983)
  • Prime Minister - Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara
    Kamisese Mara
    Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, CF, GCMG, KBE is considered the founding father of the modern nation of Fiji. He was Chief Minister from 1967 to 1970, when Fiji gained its independence from the United Kingdom, and, apart from one brief interruption in 1987, the first Prime Minister from 1970 to 1992...
    
    , Prime Minister of Fiji (1967–1987)
• French Polynesia
  French Polynesia
  French Polynesia is an overseas country of the French Republic . It is made up of several groups of Polynesian islands, the most famous island being Tahiti in the Society Islands group, which is also the most populous island and the seat of the capital of the territory...
  
   (French overseas territory)
  • High Commissioner - Paul Cousseran, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (1977–1981)
• Guam
  Guam
  Guam is an organized, unincorporated territory of the United States located in the western Pacific Ocean. It is one of five U.S. territories with an established civilian government. Guam is listed as one of 16 Non-Self-Governing Territories by the Special Committee on Decolonization of the United...
  
   (Insular area
  Insular area
  An insular area is a United States territory, that is neither a part of one of the fifty U.S. states nor the District of Columbia, the federal district of the United States...
  
   of the United States)
  • Governor -
    1. Ricardo Bordallo
       Ricardo Bordallo
       Ricardo Jerome "Ricky" Bordallo , U.S. Democratic Party politician, He served as Governor of Guam from 1975 to 1979 and from 1983 to 1987.- Early life :...
       
       , Governor of Guam (1975–1979)
    2. Paul McDonald Calvo
       Paul McDonald Calvo
       Paul McDonald Calvo is a Guamanian politician. He was the third elected Governor of Guam. Calvo was born in Agana and attended George Washington High School in Guam. He then attended the Peacock Military Academy and Santa Clara University...
       
       , Governor of Guam (1979–1983)
• Kiribati
  Kiribati
  Kiribati , officially the Republic of Kiribati, is an island nation located in the central tropical Pacific Ocean. The permanent population exceeds just over 100,000 , and is composed of 32 atolls and one raised coral island, dispersed over 3.5 million square kilometres, straddling the...
  
  
  • the Gilbert Islands
    Gilbert Islands
    The Gilbert Islands are a chain of sixteen atolls and coral islands in the Pacific Ocean. They are the main part of Republic of Kiribati and include Tarawa, the site of the country's capital and residence of almost half of the population.-Geography:The atolls and islands of the Gilbert Islands...
    
     gained independence on 12 July 1979
  • Governor - Reginald James Wallace, Governor of Gilbert Islands (1978–1979)
  • President - Ieremia Tabai
    Ieremia Tabai
    Sir Ieremia Tienang Tabai GCMG AO was the first President of Kiribati. He had been described as being the most able leader of the Pacific island states....
    
    , President of Kiribati
    President of Kiribati
    The President of Kiribati is the head of state and head of government of Kiribati.Following a general election, by which citizens elect the members of the House of Assembly, members select from their midst "not less than 3 nor more than 4 candidates" for the presidency. No other person may stand...
    
     (1979–1982)
  • Chief Minister - Ieremia Tabai
    Ieremia Tabai
    Sir Ieremia Tienang Tabai GCMG AO was the first President of Kiribati. He had been described as being the most able leader of the Pacific island states....
    
    , Chief Minister of Gilbert Islands (1978–1979)
• Nauru
  Nauru
  Nauru , officially the Republic of Nauru and formerly known as Pleasant Island, is an island country in Micronesia in the South Pacific. Its nearest neighbour is Banaba Island in Kiribati, to the east. Nauru is the world's smallest republic, covering just...
  
  
  • President - Hammer DeRoburt
    Hammer DeRoburt
    Hammer DeRoburt, KBE was the founding President of the Republic of Nauru, and ruled the country for most of its first twenty years of independence.-Background and early career:...
    
    , President of Nauru
    President of Nauru
    The President of Nauru is elected by Parliament from amongst its members. He is both the head of state and head of government of Nauru. Nauru's unicameral Parliament has 18 members, with an electoral term of 3 years. Political parties only play a minor role in Nauru politics, and there has often...
    
     (1978–1986)
• New Caledonia
  New Caledonia
  New Caledonia is a special collectivity of France located in the southwest Pacific Ocean, east of Australia and about from Metropolitan France. The archipelago, part of the Melanesia subregion, includes the main island of Grande Terre, the Loyalty Islands, the Belep archipelago, the Isle of...
  
   (French overseas territory)
  • High Commissioner - Claude Charbonniaud, Governor of New Caledonia (1978–1981)
• New Hebrides
  New Hebrides
  New Hebrides was the colonial name for an island group in the South Pacific that now forms the nation of Vanuatu. The New Hebrides were colonized by both the British and French in the 18th century shortly after Captain James Cook visited the islands...
  
   (British-French condominium
  Condominium (international law)
  In international law, a condominium is a political territory in or over which two or more sovereign powers formally agree to share equally dominium and exercise their rights jointly, without dividing it up into 'national' zones.Although a condominium has always been...
  
  )
  • British Resident Commissioner - Andrew Stuart (1978–1980)
  • French Resident Commissioner - Jean-Jacques Robert (1978–1980)
  • Chief Minister -
    1. Gérard Leymang, Chief Minister of New Hebrides (1978–1979)
    2. Walter Lini
       Walter Lini
       Father Walter Hadye Lini was an Anglican priest and the founding Prime Minister of Vanuatu. He was born on Pentecost Island. During the era when Vanuatu was a condominium ruled by the United Kingdom and France, Lini formed the Vanua'aku Pati, which was principally backed by English-speakers...
       
       , Chief Minister of New Hebrides (1979–1991)
• New Zealand
  New Zealand
  New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...
  
  
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand
    Monarchy in New Zealand
    The monarchy of New Zealand also referred to as The Crown in Right of New Zealand, Her Majesty in Right of New Zealand, or The Queen in Right of New Zealand is the constitutional system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign and head of state of the Realm of New Zealand,...
    
      (1952–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Keith Holyoake
    Keith Holyoake
    Sir Keith Jacka Holyoake, KG, GCMG, CH, QSO, KStJ was a New Zealand politician. The only person to have been both Prime Minister and Governor-General of New Zealand, Holyoake was National Party Prime Minister from 20 September 1957 to 12 December 1957, then again from 12 December 1960 to 7...
    
    , Governor-General of New Zealand
    Governor-General of New Zealand
    The Governor-General of New Zealand is the representative of the monarch of New Zealand . The Governor-General acts as the Queen's vice-regal representative in New Zealand and is often viewed as the de facto head of state....
    
     (1977–1980)
  • Prime Minister - Robert Muldoon
    Robert Muldoon
    Sir Robert David "Rob" Muldoon, GCMG, CH served as the 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand from 1975 to 1984, as leader of the governing National Party. Muldoon had been a prominent member of the National party and MP for the Tamaki electorate for some years prior to becoming leader of the party...
    
    , Prime Minister of New Zealand
    Prime Minister of New Zealand
    The Prime Minister of New Zealand is New Zealand's head of government consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the Parliament of New Zealand...
    
     (1972–1984)
  • Cook Islands
    Cook Islands
    The Cook Islands is a self-governing parliamentary democracy in the South Pacific Ocean in free association with New Zealand...
    
     (Associated state
    Associated state
    An associated state is the minor partner in a formal, free relationship between a political territory with a degree of statehood and a nation, for which no other specific term, such as protectorate, is adopted...
    
     of New Zealand)
    • Queen's Representative - Sir Gaven Donne
      Gaven Donne
      Sir Gaven John Donne, KBE, was a New Zealand-born former Chief Justice of Samoa, Niue, the Cook Islands, Nauru and Tuvalu....
      
      , Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands
      Queen's Representative
      The Queen's Representative is the formal title given to the representative of Queen Elizabeth II, as Queen of New Zealand, in the Cook Islands....
      
       (1975–1984)
    • Prime Minister - Tom Davis, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands
      Prime Minister of the Cook Islands
      The Prime Minister of the Cook Islands is the official rsponsible for heading Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II's government in the Cook Islands, a self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand. The office was established in 1965, when self-government was first granted to the islands...
      
       (1978–1983)
  • Niue
    Niue
    Niue , is an island country in the South Pacific Ocean. It is commonly known as the "Rock of Polynesia", and inhabitants of the island call it "the Rock" for short. Niue is northeast of New Zealand in a triangle between Tonga to the southwest, the Samoas to the northwest, and the Cook Islands to...
    
     (associated state
    Associated state
    An associated state is the minor partner in a formal, free relationship between a political territory with a degree of statehood and a nation, for which no other specific term, such as protectorate, is adopted...
    
     of New Zealand)
    • Premier - Robert Rex
      Robert Rex
      Sir Robert Richmond Rex, KBE, CMG, was Premier of the Pacific island state of Niue from its establishment as a self-governing territory 19 October 1974 until his death in 1992...
      
      , Premier of Niue
      Premier of Niue
      The Premier of Niue is Niue's head of government. He or she is elected by the Niue Assembly, and forms a Cabinet consisting of him- or herself and three other members of the Assembly....
      
       (1974–1992)
  • Tokelau
    Tokelau
    Tokelau is a territory of New Zealand in the South Pacific Ocean that consists of three tropical coral atolls with a combined land area of 10 km2 and a population of approximately 1,400...
    
     (dependent territory
    Dependent territory
    A dependent territory, dependent area or dependency is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a State, and remains politically outside of the controlling state's integral area....
    
     of New Zealand)
    • Administrator - Frank Corner
      Frank Corner
      Frank Corner, CMG, FRSA, is a New Zealand diplomat. Corner served as New Zealand's Ambassador to the United Nations and the United States, before becoming New Zealand's third Permanent Secretary of Foreign Affairs.-Early life:...
      
      , Administrator of Tokelau (1975–1984)
• Papua New Guinea
  Papua New Guinea
  Papua New Guinea , officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania, occupying the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and numerous offshore islands...
  
  
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Tore Lokoloko
    Tore Lokoloko
    Sir Tore Lokoloko GCL, GCMG, GCVO, OBE was the second Governor-General of Papua New Guinea from 1977 to 1983. He was Governor-General during Queen Elizabeth's Silver Jubilee visit to the country, when he was appointed GCVO and GCMG....
    
    , Governor-General of Papua New Guinea
    Governor-General of Papua New Guinea
    The Governor-General of Papua New Guinea is the viceregal representative of Queen Elizabeth II, known in Tok Pisin as 'Missis Kwin', Papua New Guinea's head of state, performing the duties of the Queen in her absence...
    
     (1977–1983)
  • Prime Minister - Michael Somare
    Michael Somare
    Sir Michael Thomas Somare, GCL, GCMG, CH, CF, KStJ, MP was Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea from 2002 to 2011; he had previously been Prime Minister from independence in 1975 until 1980 and again from 1982 until 1985. Somare's first two terms were as a member of the Pangu Party, but he then...
    
    , Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea
    Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea
    The Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea, is Papua New Guinea's head of government, consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the National Parliament. Since 2 August 2011, the Prime Minister has been Peter O’Neill of the People's National Congress Party.-List...
    
     (1972–1980)
• Pitcairn Islands
  Pitcairn Islands
  The Pitcairn Islands , officially named the Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands, form a group of four volcanic islands in the southern Pacific Ocean. The islands are a British Overseas Territory and overseas territory of the European Union in the Pacific...
  
   (British crown colony
  Crown colony
  A Crown colony, also known in the 17th century as royal colony, was a type of colonial administration of the English and later British Empire....
  
  )
  • Governor - Sir Harold Smedley, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands
    Governor of the Pitcairn Islands
    The Governor of the Pitcairn Islands is the representative of the British crown in the Pitcairn Islands, which are the last remaining British territory in the Pacific Ocean...
    
     (1976–1980)
  • Magistrate - Ivan Christian
    Ivan Christian
    Ivan Roa Christian is a former politician from Pitcairn. He was the Chief Magistrate of Pitcairn Island from 1976 to 1984. As his surname suggests, he is descended from the original mutineers who settled the island, led by Fletcher Christian...
    
    , Magistrate of the Pitcairn Islands (1975–1984)
• Solomon Islands
  Solomon Islands
  Solomon Islands is a sovereign state in Oceania, east of Papua New Guinea, consisting of nearly one thousand islands. It covers a land mass of . The capital, Honiara, is located on the island of Guadalcanal...
  
  
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of the Solomon Islands
    Monarch of the Solomon Islands
    The monarchy of the Solomon Islands is a system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign of the Solomon Islands. The present monarch of the Solomon Islands is Queen Elizabeth II. The Solomon Islands share the Sovereign with a number of Commonwealth realms...
    
     (1978–present)
  • Governor-General - Baddeley Devesi
    Baddeley Devesi
    Sir Baddeley Devesi GCMG, GCVO is a Solomon Islander politician.He was born in Guadalcanal. He served as the first Governor-General of the Solomon Islands from July 7, 1978 to July 7, 1988...
    
    , Governor-General of the Solomon Islands
    Governor-General of the Solomon Islands
    The Governor-General of Solomon Islands is the representative of the Queen of Solomon Islands, Elizabeth II. The Queen does not reside in the islands, and so the Governor-General serves as the country's de facto head of state in her absence....
    
     (1978–1988)
  • Prime Minister - Peter Kenilorea
    Peter Kenilorea
    Sir Peter Kenilorea KBE is a Solomon Islands politician, officially styled The Rt. Hon. Sir Peter Kenilorea as a member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom....
    
    , Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands
    Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands
    The Prime Minister of Solomon Islands is Solomon Islands' head of government, consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the National Parliament. Solomon Islands is a Commonwealth realm. Since August 2010, the Prime Minister has been Danny Philip of the Reform...
    
     (1976–1981)
• Tonga
  Tonga
  Tonga, officially the Kingdom of Tonga , is a state and an archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, comprising 176 islands scattered over of ocean in the South Pacific...
  
  
  • Monarch - Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965–2006)
  • Prime Minister - Prince Fatafehi Tu'ipelehake
    Tu'i Pelehake (Fatafehi)
    Sione Ngū Manumataongo Tukuʻaho , also known as HRH Prince Fatafehi Tu'ipelehake, was the youngest son of Sālote Tupou III and was educated in Tonga and Australia. Tu'ipelehake is a traditional high ranking Tongan title....
    
    , Prime Minister of Tonga
    Prime Minister of Tonga
    This is a list of Prime Ministers of Tonga from the establishment of that office in 1876 until the present day.-List of Premiers/Prime Ministers of Tonga :-External links:*...
    
     (1965–1991)
• Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
  Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
  The Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands was a United Nations trust territory in Micronesia administered by the United States from 1947 to 1986.-History:...
  
   (UN Trust Territory
  United Nations Trust Territories
  United Nations trust territories were the successors of the remaining League of Nations mandates and came into being when the League of Nations ceased to exist in 1946. All of the trust territories were administered through the UN Trusteeship Council...
  
   administered by the United States)
  • High Commissioner - Adrian P. Winkel, High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
    High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
    The following is a list of the High Commissioners of the United Nations Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, administered by the United States.-Military Governors:*John H. Hoover...
    
     (1977–1981)
  • Northern Mariana Islands
    Northern Mariana Islands
    The Northern Mariana Islands, officially the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands , is a commonwealth in political union with the United States, occupying a strategic region of the western Pacific Ocean. It consists of 15 islands about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to the Philippines...
    
     (autonomous territory)
    • Governor - Carlos S. Camacho
      Carlos S. Camacho
      Carlos Sablan Camacho was the first elected Governor of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, a commonwealth of the United States.-Biography:...
      
      , Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (1978–1982)
  • Marshall Islands
    Marshall Islands
    The Republic of the Marshall Islands , , is a Micronesian nation of atolls and islands in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, just west of the International Date Line and just north of the Equator. As of July 2011 the population was 67,182...
    
     (autonomous territory)
    • President - Amata Kabua
      Amata Kabua
      Amata Kabua was the first President of the Marshall Islands from 1979 to 1996 ....
      
      , President of the Marshall Islands
      President of the Marshall Islands
      -List of Presidents of the Marshall Islands:...
      
       (1979–1996)
  • Federated States of Micronesia
    Federated States of Micronesia
    The Federated States of Micronesia or FSM is an independent, sovereign island nation, made up of four states from west to east: Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei and Kosrae. It comprises approximately 607 islands with c...
    
     (autonomous territory)
    • President - Tosiwo Nakayama
      Tosiwo Nakayama
      Tosiwo Nakayama was the first President of the Federated States of Micronesia. He served two terms from 1979 until 1987....
      
      , President of the Federated States of Micronesia
      President of the Federated States of Micronesia
      The following is a list of the Presidents of the Federated States of Micronesia:-See also:*High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands...
      
       (1979–1987)
• Tuvalu
  Tuvalu
  Tuvalu , formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia. Its nearest neighbours are Kiribati, Nauru, Samoa and Fiji. It comprises four reef islands and five true atolls...
  
  
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Tuvalu (1978–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Fiatau Penitala Teo
    Fiatau Penitala Teo
    Sir Fiatau Penitala Teo was a political figure from the Pacific nation of Tuvalu.-Background:When plans for Tuvalu, the former Ellice Islands colony, to become independent of the United Kingdom, the people of Tuvalu decided to retain Queen Elizabeth II as their head of state, and the post of...
    
    , Governor-General of Tuvalu
    Governor-General of Tuvalu
    The Governor-General of Tuvalu is the representative of Queen Elizabeth II as Queen of Tuvalu, the nation's Head of State, and performs the duties of the Queen in her absence.-History:...
    
     (1978–1986)
  • Prime Minister - Toaripi Lauti
    Toaripi Lauti
    Sir Toaripi Lauti, GCMG, PC was born Toalipi Lauti on November 28, 1928.-Pre-Independence career:He was the chief minister of Tuvalu, the former Ellice Islands, from October 2, 1975 to October 1, 1978. The Tuvalu archipelago, located about halfway between Australia and Hawaii, consists of six...
    
    , Prime Minister of Tuvalu
    Prime Minister of Tuvalu
    The Prime Minister of Tuvalu is the head of government of Tuvalu. According to Tuvalu's constitution, the Prime Minister must always be a member of Parliament, and is elected by Parliament in a secret ballot. Because there are no political parties in Tuvalu, any member of Parliament can be...
    
     (1975–1981)
• Wallis and Futuna
  Wallis and Futuna
  Wallis and Futuna, officially the Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands , is a Polynesian French island territory in the South Pacific between Tuvalu to the northwest, Rotuma of Fiji to the west, the main part of Fiji to the southwest, Tonga to the southeast,...
  
   (French overseas territory)
  • Administrator-Superior -
    1. Henri Beaux, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna
       Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna
       The Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna is the representative of the President of the French Republic in Wallis and Futuna. The current Administrator is Michel Jeanjean...
       
        (1976–1979)
    2. Pierre Isaac, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna
       Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna
       The Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna is the representative of the President of the French Republic in Wallis and Futuna. The current Administrator is Michel Jeanjean...
       
        (1979–1980)
  • President of the Territorial Assembly - Manuele Lisiahi, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna
    Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna
    Wallis and Futuna elects on territorial level a legislature. The Territorial Assembly has 20 members, elected for a five year term by proportional representation in multi-seat constituencies....
    
     (1978–1984)
• Western Samoa
  • Head of State - Malietoa Tanumafili II, O le Ao o le Malo of Western Samoa
    O le Ao o le Malo
    O le Ao o le Malo is the Samoan head of state, which is the title's rough translation....
    
     (1962–2007)
  • Prime Minister - Tufuga Efi, Prime Minister of Western Samoa (1976–1982)

South America

• Argentina
  Argentina
  Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
  
  
  • President - Jorge Rafael Videla
    Jorge Rafael Videla
    Jorge Rafael Videla Redondo is a former senior commander in the Argentine Army who was the de facto President of Argentina from 1976 to 1981. He came to power in a coup d'état that deposed Isabel Martínez de Perón...
    
    , President of Argentina
    President of Argentina
    The President of the Argentine Nation , usually known as the President of Argentina, is the head of state of Argentina. Under the national Constitution, the President is also the chief executive of the federal government and Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces.Through Argentine history, the...
    
     (1976–1981)
• Bolivia
  Bolivia
  Bolivia officially known as Plurinational State of Bolivia , is a landlocked country in central South America. It is the poorest country in South America...
  
  
  • President -
    1. David Padilla
       David Padilla
       David Padilla Arancibia was a military general and former de facto president of Bolivia. He ruled his country from November 1978 to August 1979....
       
       , Chairman of the Military Junta of Bolivia
       President of Bolivia
       The President of Bolivia is head of state and head of government of Bolivia. According to the current Constitution, the president is elected by popular vote to a five year term, renewable once...
       
        (1978–1979)
    2. Wálter Guevara
       Wálter Guevara
       Wálter Guevara Arze was a Bolivian statesman, cabinet minister, writer, diplomat, and, rather briefly, president .-Background and earlier career:...
       
       , Acting President of Bolivia
       President of Bolivia
       The President of Bolivia is head of state and head of government of Bolivia. According to the current Constitution, the president is elected by popular vote to a five year term, renewable once...
       
        (1979)
    3. Alberto Natusch
       Alberto Natusch
       Alberto Natusch Busch was a Bolivian general and dictator of his country for a brief time in November 1979.-Background and earlier career:...
       
       , President of Bolivia
       President of Bolivia
       The President of Bolivia is head of state and head of government of Bolivia. According to the current Constitution, the president is elected by popular vote to a five year term, renewable once...
       
        (1979)
    4. Lidia Gueiler Tejada
       Lidia Gueiler Tejada
       Lidia Gueiler Tejada was the first female President of Bolivia, serving in an interim capacity from 1979 to 1980...
       
       , Acting President of Bolivia
       President of Bolivia
       The President of Bolivia is head of state and head of government of Bolivia. According to the current Constitution, the president is elected by popular vote to a five year term, renewable once...
       
        (1979–1980)
• Brazil
  • President -
    1. Ernesto Geisel
       Ernesto Geisel
       Ernesto Beckmann Geisel, was a Brazilian military leader and politician of German descent who was President of Brazil from 1974 to 1979.-Early life and family:...
       
       , President of Brazil
       President of Brazil
       The president of Brazil is both the head of state and head of government of the Federative Republic of Brazil. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the Brazilian Armed Forces...
       
        (1974–1979)
    2. João Figueiredo, President of Brazil
       President of Brazil
       The president of Brazil is both the head of state and head of government of the Federative Republic of Brazil. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the Brazilian Armed Forces...
       
        (1979–1985)
• Chile
  Chile
  Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...
  
  
  • President - Augusto Pinochet
    Augusto Pinochet
    Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte, more commonly known as Augusto Pinochet , was a Chilean army general and dictator who assumed power in a coup d'état on 11 September 1973...
    
    , President of Chile
    President of Chile
    The President of the Republic of Chile is both the head of state and the head of government of the Republic of Chile. The President is responsible of the government and state administration...
    
     (1974–1990)
• Colombia
  Colombia
  Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia , is a unitary constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. The country is located in northwestern South America, bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the...
  
  
  • President - Julio César Turbay Ayala
    Julio César Turbay Ayala
    Julio César Turbay Ayala was a Colombian politician, member of the Colombian Liberal Party, elected president of the Senate of Colombia and and, was president of Colombia from 1978 to 1982.- Biographic data :...
    
    , President of Colombia (1978–1982)
• Ecuador
  Ecuador
  Ecuador , officially the Republic of Ecuador is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is one of only two countries in South America, along with Chile, that do not have a border...
  
  
  • Head of State -
    1. Alfredo Poveda
       Alfredo Poveda
       Alfredo Ernesto Poveda Burbano was President of Ecuador January 11, 1976 to August 10, 1979.He was born in Píllaro, Tungurahua on January 24, 1926. He attended Mejía High School in Quito and the Escuela Superior Naval "Comandante Rafael Morán Valverde" and graduated from the Escuela Nacional de...
       
       , President of the Supreme Government Council of Ecuador (1976–1979)
    2. Jaime Roldós Aguilera
       Jaime Roldós Aguilera
       Jaime Roldós Aguilera was President of Ecuador from 10 August 1979 to 24 May 1981. In his short tenure, he became known for his firm stance on human rights. His death in a plane crash gave rise to speculation of involvement by the United States government in the accident.-Early life and...
       
       , President of Ecuador (1979–1981)
• Falkland Islands
  Falkland Islands
  The Falkland Islands are an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean, located about from the coast of mainland South America. The archipelago consists of East Falkland, West Falkland and 776 lesser islands. The capital, Stanley, is on East Falkland...
  
   (British crown colony
  Crown colony
  A Crown colony, also known in the 17th century as royal colony, was a type of colonial administration of the English and later British Empire....
  
  )
  • Governor - Sir James Roland Walter Parker, Governor of the Falkland Islands
    Governor of the Falkland Islands
    The Governor of the Falkland Islands is the representative of the British Crown in the Falkland Islands, acting "in Her Majesty's name and on Her Majesty's behalf" as the islands' de facto head of state in the absence of the British monarch...
    
     (1977–1980)
• Guyana
  Guyana
  Guyana , officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, previously the colony of British Guiana, is a sovereign state on the northern coast of South America that is culturally part of the Anglophone Caribbean. Guyana was a former colony of the Dutch and of the British...
  
  
  • President - Arthur Chung
    Arthur Chung
    Arthur Chung was a President of Guyana from 1970 to 1980. He was the first ethnic Chinese head of state in a non-Asian country...
    
    , President of Guyana (1970–1980)
  • Prime Minister - Forbes Burnham
    Forbes Burnham
    Linden Forbes Sampson Burnham was the leader of Guyana from 1964 until his death, first as Premier from 1964 to 1966, then as the Prime Minister from 1966 to 1980 and finally as President from 1980 to 1985....
    
    , Prime Minister of Guyana (1964–1980)
• Paraguay
  Paraguay
  Paraguay , officially the Republic of Paraguay , is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. Paraguay lies on both banks of the Paraguay River, which runs through the center of the...
  
  
  • President - Alfredo Stroessner
    Alfredo Stroessner
    Alfredo Stroessner Matiauda, whose name is also spelled Strössner or Strößner , was a Paraguayan military officer and dictator from 1954 to 1989...
    
    , President of Paraguay
    President of Paraguay
    The President of Paraguay is according to the Paraguayan Constitution the Chief of the Executive branch of the Government of Paraguay...
    
     (1954–1989)
• Peru
  Peru
  Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
  
  
  • Head of State - Francisco Morales Bermúdez
    Francisco Morales Bermúdez
    Francisco Morales Bermúdez Cerruti is a Peruvian general who came to power in Peru in 1975 after deposing his predecessor, General Juan Velasco. His grandfather and all his original family were from the old Peruvian department of Tarapacá, which is now part of the Chilean territory...
    
    , President of the Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces of Peru (1975–1980)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Óscar Molina Pallochia, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1978–1979)
    2. Pedro Richter Prada
       Pedro Richter Prada
       Pedro Richter Prada is a Peruvian politician who was the prime minister of Peru from 31 January, 1979 until 28 July, 1980 . On December 28, 2007, the Italian government issued an arrest warrant for Pedro Richter Prada, for the disappearance of 25 Italian citizens in the 1970s.- References :...
       
       , President of the council of ministers of Peru (1979–1980)
• Suriname
  Suriname
  Suriname , officially the Republic of Suriname , is a country in northern South America. It borders French Guiana to the east, Guyana to the west, Brazil to the south, and on the north by the Atlantic Ocean. Suriname was a former colony of the British and of the Dutch, and was previously known as...
  
  
  • President - Johan Ferrier
    Johan Ferrier
    Johan Henri Eliza Ferrier was a Surinamese politician who served as the 1st President of Suriname from November 25, 1975, until August 13, 1980. He was that country's last governor before independence, from 1968 to 1975, and first president after it gained independence from the Netherlands...
    
    , President of Suriname
    President of Suriname
    The President of the Republic of Suriname is, in accordance with the Constitution of 1987, the head of state, head of government, and commander-in-chief of Suriname....
    
     (1968–1980)
  • Prime Minister - Henck Arron
    Henck Arron
    Henck Alphonsus Eugène Arron was the Prime Minister of Suriname from 24 December 1973 to 25 February 1980, when he was overthrown in a military coup d'état by Dési Bouterse...
    
    , Prime Minister of Suriname (1973–1980)
• Uruguay
  Uruguay
  Uruguay ,officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay,sometimes the Eastern Republic of Uruguay; ) is a country in the southeastern part of South America. It is home to some 3.5 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the capital Montevideo and its metropolitan area...
  
  
  • President - Aparicio Méndez
    Aparicio Méndez
    Aparicio Méndez Manfredini , was a Uruguayan political figure. He was a de facto President of Uruguay from 1976–1981. As a non-democratically elected authority of the Civic-military dictatorship .-Background:...
    
    , President of Uruguay (1976–1981)
• Venezuela
  Venezuela
  Venezuela , officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It borders Colombia to the west, Guyana to the east, and Brazil to the south...
  
  
  • President -
    1. Carlos Andrés Pérez
       Carlos Andrés Pérez
       Carlos Andrés Pérez Rodríguez , also known as CAP and often referred to as El Gocho , was a Venezuelan politician, President of Venezuela from 1974 to 1979 and again from 1989 to 1993. His first presidency was known as the Saudi Venezuela due to its economic and social prosperity thanks to...
       
       , President of Venezuela (1974–1979)
    2. Luis Herrera Campins
       Luis Herrera Campins
       Luis Antonio Herrera Campins was President of Venezuela from 1979 to 1984. He was elected to one five-year term in 1978. He was a member of the COPEI party.- Early Life and career:...
       
       , President of Venezuela (1979–1984)