List of state leaders in 1987
Encyclopedia

Africa

  • Algeria
    Algeria
    Algeria , officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria , also formally referred to as the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of Northwest Africa with Algiers as its capital.In terms of land area, it is the largest country in Africa and the Arab...

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    • President - Chadli Bendjedid
      Chadli Bendjedid
      Chadli Bendjedid was the sixth President of Algeria from February 9, 1979 to January 11, 1992.-Early career:...

      , President of Algeria
      President of Algeria
      The President of Algeria is the head of state and chief executive of Algeria, as well as the Commander-in-Chief of the Algerian armed forces.-History of the office:...

       (1979–1992)
    • Prime Minister - Abdelhamid Brahimi
      Abdelhamid Brahimi
      Dr. Abdelhamid Brahimi is an Algerian who first served as minister of planning before becoming the prime minister of Algeria under Chadli Bendjedid. He served as PM from January 22, 1984 until November 5, 1988. He has written several books, particularly about violence in Algeria.- References :...

      , Prime Minister of Algeria
      Prime Minister of Algeria
      The Prime Minister is the head of government of Algeria.The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Algeria, along with other ministers and members of the government that the new Prime Minister recommends. The People's National Assembly must approve the legislative program of the new...

       (1984–1988)
  • Angola
    People's Republic of Angola
    The People's Republic of Angola was a self-declared socialist state that was established in 1975 after it was granted independence from Portugal, akin to the situation in Mozambique. The newly-founded nation enjoyed friendly relations with the Soviet Union, Cuba, and the People's Republic of...

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    • Communist Party Leader - José Eduardo dos Santos
      José Eduardo dos Santos
      José Eduardo dos Santos is an Angolan politician who has been the second and current President of Angola since 1979. As President, José Eduardo dos Santos is also the commander in chief of the Angolan Armed Forces and president of the MPLA , the party that has been ruling Angola since...

      , Secretary of the Popular Liberation Movement of Angola-Labor Party (1979–1991)
    • President - José Eduardo dos Santos
      José Eduardo dos Santos
      José Eduardo dos Santos is an Angolan politician who has been the second and current President of Angola since 1979. As President, José Eduardo dos Santos is also the commander in chief of the Angolan Armed Forces and president of the MPLA , the party that has been ruling Angola since...

      , President of Angola
      President of Angola
      The President of the Republic of Angola is both head of state and head of government in Angola. While the President appoints a Prime Minister, executive authority usually belongs to the President....

       (1979–present)
  • Benin
    People's Republic of Benin
    The People's Republic of Benin was a socialist state located in the Gulf of Guinea on the African continent, which would become present-day Benin. The People's Republic was established on November 30, 1975, shortly after the 1972 coup d'état in the Republic of Dahomey...

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    • Communist Party Leader - Mathieu Kérékou
      Mathieu Kérékou
      Mathieu Kérékou, was President of Benin from 1972 to 1991 and again from 1996 to 2006. After seizing power in a military coup, he ruled the country for 17 years, for most of that time under an officially Marxist-Leninist ideology, before he was stripped of his powers by the National Conference of...

      , Secretary of the Popular Revolutionary Party of Benin
      People's Revolutionary Party of Benin
      The People's Revolutionary Party of Benin was a political party in the People's Republic of Benin. It was founded in 1975 by General Mathieu Kérékou. With the new constitution of November 30, 1975, PRPB became the sole legal party in the country...

       (1979–1990)
    • President - Mathieu Kérékou
      Mathieu Kérékou
      Mathieu Kérékou, was President of Benin from 1972 to 1991 and again from 1996 to 2006. After seizing power in a military coup, he ruled the country for 17 years, for most of that time under an officially Marxist-Leninist ideology, before he was stripped of his powers by the National Conference of...

      , President of Benin (1972–1991)
  • Botswana
    Botswana
    Botswana, officially the Republic of Botswana , is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa. The citizens are referred to as "Batswana" . Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name after becoming independent within the Commonwealth on 30 September 1966...

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    • President - Quett Masire
      Quett Masire
      Quett Ketumile Joni Masire, GCMG was the second President of Botswana for the Botswana Democratic Party from 1980 to 1998. He stepped down and was succeeded by the then Vice-President of Botswana, Festus Mogae, who became the third President of Botswana...

      , President of Botswana (1980–1998)
  • Burkina Faso
    Burkina Faso
    Burkina Faso – also known by its short-form name Burkina – is a landlocked country in west Africa. It is surrounded by six countries: Mali to the north, Niger to the east, Benin to the southeast, Togo and Ghana to the south, and Côte d'Ivoire to the southwest.Its size is with an estimated...

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    • Head of State -
      1. Thomas Sankara
        Thomas Sankara
        Thomas Isidore Noël Sankara was a Burkinabé military captain, Marxist revolutionary, Pan-Africanist theorist, and President of Burkina Faso from 1983 to 1987...

        , President of Burkina Faso (1983–1987)
      2. Blaise Compaoré
        Blaise Compaoré
        Blaise Compaoré has been the President of Burkina Faso since 1987 following a coup d'état that ousted then-President Thomas Sankara. In 2011, a mutiny by soldiers over unpaid housing allowances forced him to flee the capital for his hometown...

        , Head of State of Burkina Faso (1987–present)
  • Burundi
    Burundi
    Burundi , officially the Republic of Burundi , is a landlocked country in the Great Lakes region of Eastern Africa bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. Its capital is Bujumbura...

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    • President -
      1. Jean-Baptiste Bagaza
        Jean-Baptiste Bagaza
        Jean-Baptiste Bagaza is a Burundian politician who was Chairman of the Supreme Revolutionary Council in Burundi until November 10, 1976, and President from November 10, 1976 to September 3, 1987. While travelling abroad, Bagaza was deposed in a military coup d'état. He was replaced as president by...

        , President of Burundi (1976–1987)
      2. Pierre Buyoya
        Pierre Buyoya
        Major Pierre Buyoya is a Burundian politician who has ruled Burundi twice, from 1987 to 1993 and from 1996 to 2003...

        , President of Burundi (1987–1993)
  • Cameroon
    Cameroon
    Cameroon, officially the Republic of Cameroon , is a country in west Central Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west; Chad to the northeast; the Central African Republic to the east; and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of the Congo to the south. Cameroon's coastline lies on the...

    • President - Paul Biya
      Paul Biya
      Paul Biya is a Cameroonian politician who has been the President of Cameroon since 6 November 1982. A native of Cameroon's south, Biya rose rapidly as a bureaucrat under President Ahmadou Ahidjo in the 1960s, serving as Secretary-General of the Presidency from 1968 to 1975 and then as Prime...

      , President of Cameroon
      Heads of state of Cameroon
      -Presidents of Cameroon :-Affiliations:-Latest election:-See also:*Politics of Cameroon*Heads of government of Cameroon*Colonial heads of Cameroon...

       (1982–present)
  • Cape Verde
    Cape Verde
    The Republic of Cape Verde is an island country, spanning an archipelago of 10 islands located in the central Atlantic Ocean, 570 kilometres off the coast of Western Africa...

    • President - Aristides Pereira
      Aristides Pereira
      Aristides Maria Pereira was the first President of Cape Verde, serving from 1975 to 1991.-Biography:Pereira was born on the island of Boa Vista. His first major government job was chief of telecommunications in Guinea-Bissau...

      , President of Cape Verde (1975–1991)
    • Prime Minister - Pedro Pires
      Pedro Pires
      Pedro Verona Rodrigues Pires was the President of Cape Verde from March 2001 to September 2011. Before becoming President, he was Prime Minister from 1975 to 1991....

      , Prime Minister of Cape Verde (1975–1991)
  • Central African Republic
    Central African Republic
    The Central African Republic , is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It borders Chad in the north, Sudan in the north east, South Sudan in the east, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo in the south, and Cameroon in the west. The CAR covers a land area of about ,...

    • President - André Kolingba
      André Kolingba
      André-Dieudonné Kolingba was the fourth president of the Central African Republic , from 1 September 1981 until 1 October 1993. He took power from President David Dacko in a bloodless coup d'état in 1981 and lost power to Ange-Félix Patassé in a democratic election held in 1993...

      , President of the Central African Republic (1981–1993)
  • Chad
    Chad
    Chad , officially known as the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west...

    • President - Hissène Habré
      Hissène Habré
      Hissène Habré , also spelled Hissen Habré, was the leader of Chad from 1982 until he was deposed in 1990.-Early life:...

      , President of Chad
      Heads of state of Chad
      -List of Heads of State of Chad:-Affiliations:-External links:**...

       (1982–1990)
  • Comoros
    Comoros
    The Comoros , officially the Union of the Comoros is an archipelago island nation in the Indian Ocean, located off the eastern coast of Africa, on the northern end of the Mozambique Channel, between northeastern Mozambique and northwestern Madagascar...

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    • President - Ahmed Abdallah
      Ahmed Abdallah
      Ahmed Abdallah Abderemane was a Comorian politician. He was President of the Comoros from 25 October 1978 until his death.-Life prior to the presidency:...

      , President of the Comoros (1978–1989)
  • Congo
    People's Republic of the Congo
    The People's Republic of the Congo was a self-declared Marxist-Leninist socialist state that was established in 1970 in the Republic of the Congo...

    • Communist Party Leader - Denis Sassou Nguesso
      Denis Sassou Nguesso
      Denis Sassou Nguesso is a Congolese politician who has been the President of Congo-Brazzaville since 1997; he was previously President from 1979 to 1992. During his first period as President, he headed the single-party regime of the Congolese Labour Party for 12 years...

      , Chairman of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Congolese Labor Party
      Congolese Party of Labour
      The Congolese Party of Labour , founded in 1969 by Marien Ngouabi, is the ruling political party of the Republic of the Congo...

       (1979–1991)
    • President - Denis Sassou Nguesso
      Denis Sassou Nguesso
      Denis Sassou Nguesso is a Congolese politician who has been the President of Congo-Brazzaville since 1997; he was previously President from 1979 to 1992. During his first period as President, he headed the single-party regime of the Congolese Labour Party for 12 years...

      , President of Congo
      Heads of state of the Republic of the Congo
      -List of Heads of State of the Republic of the Congo :-Affiliations:-See also:*Congo*Republic of the Congo**List of heads of government of the Republic of the Congo...

       (1979–1992)
    • Prime Minister - Ange Édouard Poungui
      Ange Édouard Poungui
      Ange Édouard Poungui is a Congolese politician. Poungui was the Prime Minister of Congo-Brazzaville from 7 August 1984 to 7 August 1989 under President Denis Sassou Nguesso...

      , Prime Minister of Congo (1984–1989)
  • Côte d'Ivoire
    Côte d'Ivoire
    The Republic of Côte d'Ivoire or Ivory Coast is a country in West Africa. It has an area of , and borders the countries Liberia, Guinea, Mali, Burkina Faso and Ghana; its southern boundary is along the Gulf of Guinea. The country's population was 15,366,672 in 1998 and was estimated to be...

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    • President - Félix Houphouët-Boigny
      Félix Houphouët-Boigny
      Félix Houphouët-Boigny , affectionately called Papa Houphouët or Le Vieux, was the first President of Côte d'Ivoire. Originally a village chief, he worked as a doctor, an administrator of a plantation, and a union leader, before being elected to the French Parliament and serving in a number of...

      , President of Côte d'Ivoire (1960–1993)
  • Djibouti
    Djibouti
    Djibouti , officially the Republic of Djibouti , is a country in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Eritrea in the north, Ethiopia in the west and south, and Somalia in the southeast. The remainder of the border is formed by the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden at the east...

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    • President - Hassan Gouled Aptidon
      Hassan Gouled Aptidon
      Hassan Gouled Aptidon was the first President of Djibouti from 1977 to 1999.-Biography:...

      , President of Djibouti (1977–1999)
    • Prime Minister - Barkat Gourad Hamadou
      Barkat Gourad Hamadou
      Barkat Gourad Hamadou was the Prime Minister of Djibouti from 2 October 1978 until 7 March 2001.-Political career:Hamadou is a member of the Afar ethnic group and was born in Dikhil Region, in the southwest of Djibouti...

      , Prime Minister of Djibouti (1978–2001)
  • Egypt
    Egypt
    Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...

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    • President - Hosni Mubarak
      Hosni Mubarak
      Muhammad Hosni Sayyid Mubarak is a former Egyptian politician and military commander. He served as the fourth President of Egypt from 1981 to 2011....

      , President of Egypt
      President of Egypt
      The President of the Arab Republic of Egypt is the head of state of Egypt.Under the Constitution of Egypt, the president is also the supreme commander of the armed forces and head of the executive branch of the Egyptian government....

       (1981–2011)
    • Prime Minister - Atef Sedki
      Atef Sedki
      Atef Muhammad Naguib Sedki was the Prime Minister of Egypt from 1986 until 1996. He replaced Ali Mahmoud Lutfi on November 10, 1986.-Biography:...

      , Prime Minister of Egypt
      Prime Minister of Egypt
      The Prime Minister of Egypt is the head of the Egyptian government. According to the constitution, the prime minister is the leader of the largest political party in the Egyptian Parliament....

       (1986–1996)
  • Equatorial Guinea
    Equatorial Guinea
    Equatorial Guinea, officially the Republic of Equatorial Guinea where the capital Malabo is situated.Annobón is the southernmost island of Equatorial Guinea and is situated just south of the equator. Bioko island is the northernmost point of Equatorial Guinea. Between the two islands and to the...

    • President - Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
      Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
      Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo is an Equatoguinean politician who has been President of Equatorial Guinea since 1979. He ousted his uncle, Francisco Macías Nguema, in an August 1979 military coup and has overseen Equatorial Guinea's emergence as an important oil producer, beginning in the 1990s...

      , President of Equatorial Guinea (1979–present)
    • Prime Minister - Cristino Seriche Bioko
      Cristino Seriche Bioko
      Cristino Seriche Bioko was the prime minister of Equatorial Guinea from August 15, 1982 to March 4, 1992.-References:...

      , Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (1982–1992)
  • Ethiopia
    People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
    The People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia was the official name of Ethiopia from 1987 to 1991, as established by the Communist government of Mengistu Haile Mariam and the Workers' Party of Ethiopia...

    • Ethiopia
      Derg
      The Derg or Dergue was a Communist military junta that came to power in Ethiopia following the ousting of Haile Selassie I. Derg, which means "committee" or "council" in Ge'ez, is the short name of the Coordinating Committee of the Armed Forces, Police, and Territorial Army, a committee of...

       changed name to People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
      People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
      The People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia was the official name of Ethiopia from 1987 to 1991, as established by the Communist government of Mengistu Haile Mariam and the Workers' Party of Ethiopia...

       on 10 September 1987
    • Communist Party Leader - Mengistu Haile Mariam
      Mengistu Haile Mariam
      Mengistu Haile Mariam is a politician who was formerly the most prominent officer of the Derg, the Communist military junta that governed Ethiopia from 1974 to 1987, and the President of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia from 1987 to 1991...

      , General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Ethiopia
      Workers' Party of Ethiopia
      The Workers' Party of Ethiopia is a Communist party in Ethiopia that was, from 1984 to 1990, the only legal political party in the country.-The Commission to Organize the Party of the Workers of Ethiopia:...

       (1984–1991)
    • Head of State - Mengistu Haile Mariam
      Mengistu Haile Mariam
      Mengistu Haile Mariam is a politician who was formerly the most prominent officer of the Derg, the Communist military junta that governed Ethiopia from 1974 to 1987, and the President of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia from 1987 to 1991...

      , Chairman of the Coordinating Committee of the Armed Forces of Ethiopia (1977–1991)
    • Prime Minister - Fikre-Selassie Wogderess, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1987–1989)
  • Gabon
    Gabon
    Gabon , officially the Gabonese Republic is a state in west central Africa sharing borders with Equatorial Guinea to the northwest, Cameroon to the north, and with the Republic of the Congo curving around the east and south. The Gulf of Guinea, an arm of the Atlantic Ocean is to the west...

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    • President - Omar Bongo
      Omar Bongo
      El Hadj Omar Bongo Ondimba , born as Albert-Bernard Bongo, was a Gabonese politician who was President of Gabon for 42 years from 1967 until his death in office in 2009....

      , President of Gabon (1967–2009)
    • Prime Minister - Léon Mébiame
      Léon Mébiame
      Léon Mébiame was the Prime Minister of Gabon from 1975 to 1990.A member of the Fang ethnic group, Mébiame was born in Libreville. Under French colonial rule, he became an inspector of federal police in 1956 and was posted in Chad from January 6, 1957 to March 1959...

      , Prime Minister of Gabon (1975–1994)
  • The Gambia
    The Gambia
    The Republic of The Gambia, commonly referred to as The Gambia, or Gambia , is a country in West Africa. Gambia is the smallest country on mainland Africa, surrounded by Senegal except for a short coastline on the Atlantic Ocean in the west....

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    • President - Sir Dawda Jawara
      Dawda Jawara
      Sir Dawda Kairaba Jawara, GCMG was the first leader of The Gambia, serving first as Prime Minister from 1962 to 1970 and then as President from 1970 to 1994....

      , President of The Gambia
      Heads of state of the Gambia
      -Heads of State of The Gambia :-Affiliations:*PPP - People's Progressive Party*APRC - Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction*Mil - Military of the Gambia...

       (1970–1994)
  • Ghana
    Ghana
    Ghana , officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country located in West Africa. It is bordered by Côte d'Ivoire to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, Togo to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea to the south...

    • Head of State - Jerry Rawlings
      Jerry Rawlings
      Jerry John Rawlings is a former leader of the Republic of Ghana and now the African Union envoy to Somalia. Rawlings ruled Ghana as a military dictator in 1979 and from 1981 to 1992 and then as the first elected president of the Fourth Republic from 1993 to 2001...

      , Chairman of the Provisional National Defence Council of Ghana
      President of Ghana
      The President of Ghana is the elected head of state and head of government of Ghana. Officially styled President of the Republic of Ghana and Commander-in-Chief of the Ghanaian Armed Forces. The current President of Ghana is Prof. John Atta Mills, who took office in January...

       (1981–2001)
  • Guinea
    Guinea
    Guinea , officially the Republic of Guinea , is a country in West Africa. Formerly known as French Guinea , it is today sometimes called Guinea-Conakry to distinguish it from its neighbour Guinea-Bissau. Guinea is divided into eight administrative regions and subdivided into thirty-three prefectures...

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    • President - Lansana Conté
      Lansana Conté
      Lansana Conté was the second President of Guinea from 3 April 1984 until his death. He was a Muslim and a member of the Susu ethnic group.-Early life:...

      , President of Guinea (1984–2008)
  • Guinea-Bissau
    Guinea-Bissau
    The Republic of Guinea-Bissau is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Senegal to the north, and Guinea to the south and east, with the Atlantic Ocean to its west....

    • Head of State - João Bernardo Vieira
      João Bernardo Vieira
      João Bernardo "Nino" Vieira was the President of Guinea-Bissau from 1980 to 1999 and again from 2005 to 2009. After seizing power in 1980, Vieira ruled for 19 years, and he won a multiparty presidential election in 1994. He was ousted at the end of the 1998–1999 civil war and went into exile...

      , Chairman of the Council of State of Guinea-Bissau
      Heads of state of Guinea-Bissau
      -Presidents of Guinea-Bissau :-Affiliations:-Latest election:-See also:*Guinea-Bissau**List of heads of government of Guinea-Bissau...

       (1984–1999)
  • Kenya
    Kenya
    Kenya , officially known as the Republic of Kenya, is a country in East Africa that lies on the equator, with the Indian Ocean to its south-east...

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    • President - Daniel arap Moi
      Daniel arap Moi
      Daniel Toroitich arap Moi was the President of Kenya from 1978 until 2002.Daniel arap Moi is popularly known to Kenyans as 'Nyayo', a Swahili word for 'footsteps'...

      , President of Kenya (1978–2002)
  • Lesotho
    Lesotho
    Lesotho , officially the Kingdom of Lesotho, is a landlocked country and enclave, surrounded by the Republic of South Africa. It is just over in size with a population of approximately 2,067,000. Its capital and largest city is Maseru. Lesotho is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. The name...

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    • Monarch - Moshoeshoe II
      Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho
      Moshoeshoe II , previously known as Constantine Bereng Seeiso, was the paramount chief of Lesotho, succeeding paramount chief Seeiso from 1960 until the country gained full independence from Britain in 1966...

      , King of Lesotho (1965–1990)
    • Head of Government - Justin Lekhanya
      Justin Lekhanya
      Retired General Justin Metsing Lekhanya was the prime minister, defense minister and chairman of the military council of Lesotho from January 24 1986 until May 2 1991...

      , Chairman of the Military Council of Lesotho (1986–1991)
  • Liberia
    Liberia
    Liberia , officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Sierra Leone on the west, Guinea on the north and Côte d'Ivoire on the east. Liberia's coastline is composed of mostly mangrove forests while the more sparsely populated inland consists of forests that open...

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    • President - Samuel Doe
      Samuel Doe
      Samuel Kanyon Doe was the 21st President of Liberia, serving from 1986 until his assassination in 1990. He had previously served as Chairman of the People's Redemption Council from 1980 to 1986. He was the first indigenous head of state in Liberian history.Doe was a part of a rural tribe in inland...

      , President of Liberia (1980–1990)
  • Libya
    • De facto Head of State - Muammar Gaddafi
      Muammar Gaddafi
      Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar Gaddafi or "September 1942" 20 October 2011), commonly known as Muammar Gaddafi or Colonel Gaddafi, was the official ruler of the Libyan Arab Republic from 1969 to 1977 and then the "Brother Leader" of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011.He seized power in a...

      , Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1969–2011)
    • Nominal Head of State - Mifta al-Usta Umar
      Mifta al-Usta Umar
      Mifta al-Usta Umar was the General Secretary of Libya's General People's Congress from 15 February 1984 to 7 October 1990. In this role, he was officially Libya's head of state, though Muammar Gaddafi continued to exercise ultimate authority in Libya as "Leader and Guide of the Revolution".He...

      , General Secretary of the General People's Congress of Libya (1984–1990)
    • Head of Government -
      1. Jadallah Azzuz at-Talhi
        Jadallah Azzuz at-Talhi
        Jadallah Azzuz at-Talhi is Libya's UN ambassador and held a Security Council chair for the January 2008 – December 2009 term. He was General Secretary of the People's Committee in Libya for two terms, the first term from 2 March 1979 to 16 February 1984 and the second term from September, 1986 to...

        , General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (1986–1987)
      2. Umar Mustafa al-Muntasir
        Umar Mustafa al-Muntasir
        Umar Mustafa al-Muntasir was General Secretary of the People's Committee in Libya from 1 March 1987 to 7 October 1990 and the foreign minister from 1992 until 2000....

        , General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (1987–1990)
  • Madagascar
    Madagascar
    The Republic of Madagascar is an island country located in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa...

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    • President - Didier Ratsiraka
      Didier Ratsiraka
      Vice Admiral Didier Ratsiraka is a Malagasy politician who was President of Madagascar from 1975 to 1993 and from 1997 to 2002.-Second Republic:...

      , President of Madagascar (1975–1993)
    • Prime Minister - Désiré Rakotoarijaona
      Désiré Rakotoarijaona
      Lieutenant-Colonel Désiré Rakotoarijaona is a former Prime Minister of Madagascar. He held the position from 1 August 1977 until 12 February 1988 under President Didier Ratsiraka. Rakotoarijaona was replaced by Victor Ramahatra...

      , Prime Minister of Madagascar (1977–1988)
  • Malawi
    Malawi
    The Republic of Malawi is a landlocked country in southeast Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland. It is bordered by Zambia to the northwest, Tanzania to the northeast, and Mozambique on the east, south and west. The country is separated from Tanzania and Mozambique by Lake Malawi. Its size...

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    • President - Hastings Banda
      Hastings Banda
      Hastings Kamuzu Banda was the leader of Malawi and its predecessor state, Nyasaland, from 1961 to 1994. After receiving much of his education overseas, Banda returned to his home country to speak against colonialism and advocate for independence...

      , President for Life of Malawi (1966–1994)
  • Mali
    Mali
    Mali , officially the Republic of Mali , is a landlocked country in Western Africa. Mali borders Algeria on the north, Niger on the east, Burkina Faso and the Côte d'Ivoire on the south, Guinea on the south-west, and Senegal and Mauritania on the west. Its size is just over 1,240,000 km² with...

    • President - Moussa Traoré
      Moussa Traoré
      General Moussa Traoré is a Malian soldier and politician. As a Lieutenant, he led the military ouster of President Modibo Keïta in 1968. Thereafter he served as Head of State from 1968-1979, and President of Mali from 1979 to 1991, when he was overthrown by popular protests and military coup...

      , President of Mali (1968–1991)
    • Prime Minister - Mamadou Dembelé
      Mamadou Dembelé
      Mamadou Dembelé is a physician and former Malian politician. Dembelé served as Prime Minister from 6 June 1986 to 6 June 1988 under President Moussa Traoré. He was a member of the Democratic Union of the Malian People.-Source:...

      , Prime Minister of Mali (1986–1988)
  • Mauritania
    Mauritania
    Mauritania is a country in the Maghreb and West Africa. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean in the west, by Western Sahara in the north, by Algeria in the northeast, by Mali in the east and southeast, and by Senegal in the southwest...

    • Head of State - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
      Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
      Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya , was Prime Minister of Mauritania from 1981 to 1984 and president from 1984 to 2005. He guided Mauritania from military rule to democracy, and took a pro-Western stance in foreign affairs...

      , Head of State of Mauritania (1984–2005)
    • Prime Minister - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
      Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
      Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya , was Prime Minister of Mauritania from 1981 to 1984 and president from 1984 to 2005. He guided Mauritania from military rule to democracy, and took a pro-Western stance in foreign affairs...

      , Prime Minister of Mauritania (1984–1992)
  • Mauritius
    Mauritius (commonwealth realm)
    The commonwealth realm of Mauritius, known simply officially as 'Mauritius', was a predecessor to modern-day Republic of Mauritius and an independent state that existed between 1968 and 1992. When British rule ended in 1968, Mauritius was given independence as a commonwealth realm in which form the...

    • Monarch - Elizabeth II
      Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
      Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...

      , Queen of Mauritius
      Commonwealth Realm
      A Commonwealth realm is a sovereign state within the Commonwealth of Nations that has Elizabeth II as its monarch and head of state. The sixteen current realms have a combined land area of 18.8 million km² , and a population of 134 million, of which all, except about two million, live in the six...

       (1968–1992)
    • Governor-General - Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo
      Veerasamy Ringadoo
      Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo, GCMG, GCSK, QC, was the Governor General of Mauritius from 17 January 1986 to 12 March 1992, when it became a republic. Ringadoo then served as President until later in 1992, when he was replaced by the democratically elected Cassam Uteem. He is a Tamil by origin and a Hindu...

      , Governor-General of Mauritius (1986–1992)
    • Prime Minister - Anerood Jugnauth
      Anerood Jugnauth
      Sir Anerood Jugnauth , KCMG, QC, GCSK, PC, LLB, GOLH, GOP, ORS is the President of Mauritius and all its dependencies...

      , Prime Minister of Mauritius (1982–1995)
  • Mayotte
    Mayotte
    Mayotte is an overseas department and region of France consisting of a main island, Grande-Terre , a smaller island, Petite-Terre , and several islets around these two. The archipelago is located in the northern Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean, namely between northwestern Madagascar and...

     (Territorial collectivity of France)
    • Prefect - Akli Khider, Prefect of Mayotte (1986–1988)
    • President of the General Council - Younoussa Bamana
      Younoussa Bamana
      Younoussa Bamana was a politician from Mayotte who served in the French National Assembly from 1978-1981 .- references :*...

      , President of the General Council of Mayotte
      General Council of Mayotte
      Mayotte elects on territorial level a legislature. The General Council has 19 members, elected for a three year term in single seat constituencies.- Presidents of the General Council:* Younoussa Bamana : 6 July 1977 – March 1991...

       (1976–1991)
  • Morocco
    Morocco
    Morocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country located in North Africa. It has a population of more than 32 million and an area of 710,850 km², and also primarily administers the disputed region of the Western Sahara...

    -
    • Monarch - Hassan II
      Hassan II of Morocco
      King Hassan II l-ḥasan aṯ-ṯānī, dial. el-ḥasan ettâni); July 9, 1929 – July 23, 1999) was King of Morocco from 1961 until his death in 1999...

      , King of Morocco (1961–1999)
    • Prime Minister - Azzeddine Laraki
      Azzeddine Laraki
      Azzeddine Laraki was the Prime Minister of Morocco between September 30, 1986 and August 11, 1992. He was born in Fes and died in Rabat, Morocco. - References :...

      , Prime Minister of Morocco (1986–1992)
    • Western Sahara
      Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
      The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is a partially recognised state that claims sovereignty over the entire territory of Western Sahara, a former Spanish colony. SADR was proclaimed by the Polisario Front on February 27, 1976, in Bir Lehlu, Western Sahara. The SADR government controls about...

       (self-declared, partially recognized state)
      • President - Mohamed Abdelaziz
        Mohamed Abdelaziz
        Mohamed Abdelaziz is the 3rd and current Secretary General of the Polisario Front and President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic since 1976...

        , President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
        President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
        The President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is the head of state of the self-proclaimed Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic , an exile government based in the refugee camps of Tindouf, Algeria. From the declaration of independence on February 27, 1976 to October 16, 1982 SADR's Head of State...

         (1976–present)
      • Prime Minister - Mohamed Lamine Ould Ahmed
        Mohamed Lamine Ould Ahmed
        Mohamed Lamine Ould Ahmed is a Sahrawi politician and a member of the Polisario Front.One of the founding members of the Polisario, Mohamed Lamine Ould Ahmed became the first Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic in 1976, and held the post until 1982. He returned to office in...

        , Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
        Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
        The Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is the head of government of the SADR, while the President is the head of state. The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic was proclaimed in the territory that made up the Spanish colony of Spanish Sahara on February 27, 1976...

         (1985–1988)
  • Mozambique
    People's Republic of Mozambique
    The People's Republic of Mozambique , was a self-declared socialist state that lasted from June 25, 1975 through December 1, 1990, becoming the present day Republic of Mozambique.After gaining independence from Portugal in 1975, the People's Republic of Mozambique was established shortly...

    -
    • Communist Party Leader - Joaquim Chissano
      Joaquim Chissano
      Joaquim Alberto Chissano served as the second President of Mozambique for nineteen years from 6 November 1986 until 2 February 2005. Since stepping down as president, Chissano has become an elder statesman and is called upon by international bodies, such as the United Nations, to be an envoy or...

      , President of the Liberation Front of Mozambique (1986–1990)
    • President - Joaquim Chissano
      Joaquim Chissano
      Joaquim Alberto Chissano served as the second President of Mozambique for nineteen years from 6 November 1986 until 2 February 2005. Since stepping down as president, Chissano has become an elder statesman and is called upon by international bodies, such as the United Nations, to be an envoy or...

      , President of Mozambique
      Heads of state of Mozambique
      -Presidents of Mozambique :-Affiliations:FRELIMO = Frente de Libertação de Moçambique...

       (1986–2005)
    • Prime Minister - Mário da Graça Machungo
      Mário da Graça Machungo
      Mário Fernandes da Graça Machungo is a Mozambican politician. He was Planning Minister from at least 1984 to 1986, when he became Prime Minister of the country from 17 July 1986 to 16 December 1994.-References:...

      , Prime Minister of Mozambique
      Heads of government of Mozambique
      -Prime Ministers of Mozambique :-Affiliations:FRELIMO = Frente da Libertação de Moçambique RENAMO = Resistencia Nacional Moçambicana -See also:*Colonial Heads of Mozambique*Heads...

       (1986–1994)
  • Niger
    Niger
    Niger , officially named the Republic of Niger, is a landlocked country in Western Africa, named after the Niger River. It borders Nigeria and Benin to the south, Burkina Faso and Mali to the west, Algeria and Libya to the north and Chad to the east...

    -
    • Head of State -
      1. Seyni Kountché
        Seyni Kountché
        Seyni Kountché was a Nigerien military officer who led a 1974 coup d'état that deposed the government of Niger's first president, Hamani Diori. He ruled the country as military head of state from 1974 to 1987...

        , President of the Supreme Military Council of Niger
        Heads of state of Niger
        -List of Heads of State of Niger:-Affiliations:-See also:*Niger*List of colonial heads of Niger*Heads of Government of Niger*Lists of Incumbents-References:*...

         (1974–1987)
      2. Ali Saïbou
        Ali Saibou
        Ali Saibou was the third President of Niger from 1987 to 1993 succeeding the deceased Seyni Kountché.A member of the Djerma people, he was born in Dingajibanda, a village in the Ouallam arrondissement. Although from Kountché's home village, Saibou is not a cousin...

        , President of Niger
        Heads of state of Niger
        -List of Heads of State of Niger:-Affiliations:-See also:*Niger*List of colonial heads of Niger*Heads of Government of Niger*Lists of Incumbents-References:*...

         (1987–1993)
    • Prime Minister - Hamid Algabid
      Hamid Algabid
      Hamid Algabid is a Nigerien politician and the President of the Rally for Democracy and Progress party. A lawyer, banker, and technocrat, Algabid was an important figure in the regime of Seyni Kountché, serving as Prime Minister of Niger from 1983 to 1988...

      , Prime Minister of Niger
      Heads of government of Niger
      -List of Heads of Government of Niger:-Affiliations:-See also:*Niger*List of colonial heads of Niger*Heads of State of Niger*Lists of Incumbents-References:*...

       (1983–1988)
  • Nigeria
    Nigeria
    Nigeria , officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal constitutional republic comprising 36 states and its Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The country is located in West Africa and shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in...

    -
    • Head of State - Ibrahim Babangida
      Ibrahim Babangida
      General Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida CFR DSS mni , popularly known as IBB, was a Nigerian Army officer and military ruler of Nigeria...

      , President of the Armed Forces Ruling Council of Nigeria
      President of Nigeria
      The President of Nigeria is the Head of State and head of the national executive. Officially styled President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and Commander-in-Chief of the Nigerian Armed Forces. The current President of Nigeria is Goodluck Jonathan.-History:On October 1, 1960, Nigeria gained...

       (1985–1993)
  • Rwanda
    Rwanda
    Rwanda or , officially the Republic of Rwanda , is a country in central and eastern Africa with a population of approximately 11.4 million . Rwanda is located a few degrees south of the Equator, and is bordered by Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo...

    -
    • President - Juvénal Habyarimana
      Juvénal Habyarimana
      Juvénal Habyarimana was the third President of the Republic of Rwanda, the post he held longer than any other president to date, from 1973 until 1994. During his 20-year rule he favored his own ethnic group, the Hutus, and supported the Hutu majority in neighboring Burundi against the Tutsi...

      , President of Rwanda (1973–1994)
  • Saint Helena and Dependencies
    Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
    Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha is a British overseas territory and overseas territory of the European Union consisting of the islands of Saint Helena, Ascension Island and the Tristan da Cunha group...

     (British overseas territory)
    • Governor -
      1. Francis Eustace Baker, Governor of Saint Helena
        Governor of Saint Helena
        The Governor of Saint Helena is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha...

         (1984–1988)
      2. Robert F Stimson, Governor of Saint Helena
        Governor of Saint Helena
        The Governor of Saint Helena is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha...

         (1988–1991)
  • São Tomé and Príncipe
    São Tomé and Príncipe
    São Tomé and Príncipe, officially the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, is a Portuguese-speaking island nation in the Gulf of Guinea, off the western equatorial coast of Central Africa. It consists of two islands: São Tomé and Príncipe, located about apart and about , respectively, off...

    -
    • President - Manuel Pinto da Costa
      Manuel Pinto da Costa
      Manuel Pinto da Costa is a Santoméan economist and politician who served as the first President of São Tomé and Príncipe from 1975 to 1991. He was again elected as President in August 2011 and took office on 3 September 2011....

      , President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1975–1991)
  • Senegal
    Senegal
    Senegal , officially the Republic of Senegal , is a country in western Africa. It owes its name to the Sénégal River that borders it to the east and north...

    • President - Abdou Diouf
      Abdou Diouf
      Abdou Diouf was the second President of Senegal, serving from 1981 to 2000. Diouf is notable both for coming to power by peaceful succession, and leaving willingly after losing the 2000 presidential election to Abdoulaye Wade...

      , President of Senegal (1981–2000)
  • Seychelles
    Seychelles
    Seychelles , officially the Republic of Seychelles , is an island country spanning an archipelago of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean, some east of mainland Africa, northeast of the island of Madagascar....

    -
    • President - France-Albert René
      France-Albert René
      France-Albert René was the long-time socialist President of Seychelles from 1977 to 2004. He is known by government officials and party members as "the Boss". His name is often given as simply Albert René or F.A...

      , President of Seychelles (1977–2004)
  • Sierra Leone
    Sierra Leone
    Sierra Leone , officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Guinea to the north and east, Liberia to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west and southwest. Sierra Leone covers a total area of and has an estimated population between 5.4 and 6.4...

    • President - Joseph Saidu Momoh
      Joseph Saidu Momoh
      Major General Joseph Saidu Momoh was the President of Sierra Leone from November, 1985 to April 29, 1992.- Biography :...

      , President of Sierra Leone
      Heads of government of Sierra Leone
      The following is a list of heads of government of Sierra Leone from 1954 until 1978, when a single party constitution was adopted, and President of Sierra Leone became head of government as well.-Heads of Government of Sierra Leone:-See also:...

       (1985–1992)
  • Somalia
    Somali Democratic Republic
    The Somali Democratic Republic was the name that the communist regime of former President of Somalia Major General Mohamed Siad Barre gave to Somalia after seizing power during a bloodless coup d'état in 1969...

    -
    • Communist Party Leader - Siad Barre
      Siad Barre
      Mohamed Siad Barre was the military dictator and President of the Somali Democratic Republic from 1969 to 1991. During his rule, he styled himself as Jaalle Siyaad ....

      , Secretary-general of the Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party
      Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party
      The Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party was the governing political party in Somalia from 1976 to 1991.- History :XHKS was created by the military regime of Siad Barre under Soviet guidance. A founding congress was held in June 1976. The congress elected a Central Committee, with Barre as the...

       (1976–1991)
    • President - Siad Barre
      Siad Barre
      Mohamed Siad Barre was the military dictator and President of the Somali Democratic Republic from 1969 to 1991. During his rule, he styled himself as Jaalle Siyaad ....

      , President of Somalia (1969–1991)
    • Prime Minister - Muhammad Ali Samatar
      Muhammad Ali Samatar
      Muhammad Ali Samatar is a Somali politician and former Prime Minister of Somalia from 1 February 1987 to 3 September 1990.- Biography :Samatar was born in 1931 in Somalia...

       - Prime Minister of Somalia
      Prime Minister of Somalia
      This page contains a list of the Prime Ministers of Somalia.-Prime Ministers of Somalia :-Affiliations:*SYL - Somali Youth League*SNL - Somali National League...

       (1987–1990)
  • South Africa
    South Africa
    The Republic of South Africa is a country in southern Africa. Located at the southern tip of Africa, it is divided into nine provinces, with of coastline on the Atlantic and Indian oceans...

  • Sudan
    Sudan
    Sudan , officially the Republic of the Sudan , is a country in North Africa, sometimes considered part of the Middle East politically. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the...

    • Head of State - Ahmed al-Mirghani
      Ahmed al-Mirghani
      Ahmad Ali Al-Mirghani was the President of Sudan from May 6, 1986 to June 30, 1989, when the democratically elected government was toppled by a military coup led by the current President Omar al-Bashir.-Early life:...

      , Chairman of the Supreme Council of Sudan (1986–1989)
    • Prime Minister - Sadiq al-Mahdi
      Sadiq al-Mahdi
      Sadiq al-Mahdi is a Sudanese political and religious figure...

      , Prime minister of Sudan
      Prime minister of Sudan
      -List of heads of government of Sudan:-Affiliations:*UNF - United National Front*NUP - National Unionist Party*DUP - Democratic Unionist Party...

       (1986–1989)
  • Swaziland
    Swaziland
    Swaziland, officially the Kingdom of Swaziland , and sometimes called Ngwane or Swatini, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa, bordered to the north, south and west by South Africa, and to the east by Mozambique...

    • Monarch - Mswati III
      Mswati III of Swaziland
      Mswati III is the King of Swaziland and head of the Swazi Royal Family. In 1986, he succeeded his father Sobhuza II as ruler of the southern African kingdom...

      , King of Swaziland (1986–present)
    • Prime Minister - Sotsha Dlamini
      Sotsha Dlamini
      Sotsha Ernest Dlamini was Prime Minister of Swaziland from 6 October 1986 to 12 July 1989.- References :...

      , Prime Minister of Swaziland (1986–1989)
  • Tanzania
    Tanzania
    The United Republic of Tanzania is a country in East Africa bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north, Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west, and Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique to the south. The country's eastern borders lie on the Indian Ocean.Tanzania is a state...

    -
    • President - Ali Hassan Mwinyi
      Ali Hassan Mwinyi
      Ali Hassan Mwinyi is a Tanzanian politician. He was the second President of the United Republic of Tanzania from 1985 to 1995. Previous posts include Interior Minister and Vice President...

      , President of Tanzania (1985–1995)
    • Prime Minister - Joseph Sinde Warioba
      Joseph Sinde Warioba
      Joseph Sinde Warioba served as Prime Minister of Tanzania from 1985 to 1990. Furthermore, he served concurrently as the country's Vice President. He is currently a Judge on the East African Court of Justice....

      , Prime Minister of Tanzania (1985–1990)
  • Togo
    Togo
    Togo, officially the Togolese Republic , is a country in West Africa bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. It extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, on which the capital Lomé is located. Togo covers an area of approximately with a population of approximately...

    -
    • President - Gnassingbé Eyadéma
      Gnassingbé Eyadéma
      General Gnassingbé Eyadéma , was the President of Togo from 1967 until his death in 2005. He participated in two successful military coups, in January 1963 and January 1967, and became President on April 14, 1967...

      , President of Togo (1967–2005)
  • Tunisia
    Tunisia
    Tunisia , officially the Tunisian RepublicThe long name of Tunisia in other languages used in the country is: , is the northernmost country in Africa. It is a Maghreb country and is bordered by Algeria to the west, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Its area...

    -
    • President -
      1. Habib Bourguiba
        Habib Bourguiba
        Habib Bourguiba was a Tunisian statesman, the Founder and the first President of the Republic of Tunisia from July 25, 1957 until 7 November 1987...

        , President for Life of Tunisia (1957–1987)
      2. Zine El Abidine Ben Ali
        Zine El Abidine Ben Ali
        Zine El Abidine Ben Ali is a Tunisian political figure who was the second President of Tunisia from 1987 to 2011. Ben Ali was appointed Prime Minister in October 1987, and he assumed the Presidency on 7 November 1987 in a bloodless coup d'état that ousted President Habib Bourguiba, who was...

        , President of Tunisia (1987–2011)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Rachid Sfar
        Rachid Sfar
        Rachid Sfar, the former Prime Minister of Tunisian President Habib Bourguiba, was born on September 11, 1933 at Mahdia, the ancient Fatimite capital of Tunisia...

        , Prime Minister of Tunisia
        Prime Minister of Tunisia
        The Prime Minister of the Tunisian Republic is the head of government of Tunisia. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Tunisia...

         (1986–1987)
      2. Zine El Abidine Ben Ali
        Zine El Abidine Ben Ali
        Zine El Abidine Ben Ali is a Tunisian political figure who was the second President of Tunisia from 1987 to 2011. Ben Ali was appointed Prime Minister in October 1987, and he assumed the Presidency on 7 November 1987 in a bloodless coup d'état that ousted President Habib Bourguiba, who was...

        , Prime Minister of Tunisia
        Prime Minister of Tunisia
        The Prime Minister of the Tunisian Republic is the head of government of Tunisia. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Tunisia...

         (1987)
      3. Hédi Baccouche
        Hédi Baccouche
        Hédi Baccouche was the Prime Minister of Tunisia from November 7, 1987 to September 27, 1989. Baccouche led the Socialist Destourian Party until it changed its name to the Constitutional Democratic Rally in 1988.- References :...

        , Prime Minister of Tunisia
        Prime Minister of Tunisia
        The Prime Minister of the Tunisian Republic is the head of government of Tunisia. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Tunisia...

         (1987–1989)
  • Uganda
    Uganda
    Uganda , officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country in East Africa. Uganda is also known as the "Pearl of Africa". It is bordered on the east by Kenya, on the north by South Sudan, on the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, on the southwest by Rwanda, and on the south by...

    • President - Yoweri Museveni
      Yoweri Museveni
      Yoweri Kaguta Museveni is a Ugandan politician and statesman. He has been President of Uganda since 26 January 1986.Museveni was involved in the war that deposed Idi Amin Dada, ending his rule in 1979, and in the rebellion that subsequently led to the demise of the Milton Obote regime in 1985...

      , President of Uganda
      President of Uganda
      -List of Presidents of Uganda:-Affiliations:-See also:*Uganda*Vice President of Uganda*Prime Minister of Uganda*Politics of Uganda*History of Uganda*Political parties of Uganda...

       (1986–present)
    • Prime Minister - Samson Kisekka
      Samson Kisekka
      Samson Babi Mululu Kisekka was a Vice President of Uganda. He also worked as a medical doctor, politician and diplomat. He was closely associated with Yoweri Museveni and served as prime minister and vice-president under him....

      , Prime Minister of Uganda
      Prime Minister of Uganda
      -List of Prime Ministers of Uganda:-Affiliations:-See also:*Uganda*President of Uganda*Vice President of Uganda*Politics of Uganda*History of Uganda*Political parties of Uganda...

       (1986–1991)
  • Zaire
    Zaire
    The Republic of Zaire was the name of the present Democratic Republic of the Congo between 27 October 1971 and 17 May 1997. The name of Zaire derives from the , itself an adaptation of the Kongo word nzere or nzadi, or "the river that swallows all rivers".-Self-proclaimed Father of the Nation:In...

    -
    • President - Mobutu Sese Seko
      Mobutu Sese Seko
      Mobutu Sese Seko Nkuku Ngbendu wa Za Banga , commonly known as Mobutu or Mobutu Sese Seko , born Joseph-Désiré Mobutu, was the President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 1965 to 1997...

      , President of Zaire
      Heads of state of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
      This is the list of the Heads of State of the Democratic Republic of the Congo since independence in 1960. The current head of state is President Joseph Kabila, since 26 January 2001.-Heads of State:-Affiliations:...

       (1965–1997)
    • Head of Government - Mabi Mulumba, First State Commissioner of Zaire (1987–1988)
  • Zambia
    Zambia
    Zambia , officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. The neighbouring countries are the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Tanzania to the north-east, Malawi to the east, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana and Namibia to the south, and Angola to the west....

    • President - Kenneth Kaunda
      Kenneth Kaunda
      Kenneth David Kaunda, known as KK, served as the first President of Zambia, from 1964 to 1991.-Early life:Kaunda was the youngest of eight children. He was born at Lubwa Mission in Chinsali, Northern Province of Northern Rhodesia, now Zambia...

      , President of Zambia (1964–1991)
    • Prime Minister - Kebby Musokotwane
      Kebby Musokotwane
      Kebby Musokotwane was a politician from Zambia. He was a member of the United National Independence Party and one of the closest allies of former President Kenneth Kaunda. Musokotwane served as Prime Minister of Zambia from 24 April 1985 until 15 March 1989. He then became secretary-general of the...

      , Prime Minister of Zambia
      Prime Minister of Zambia
      -Prime Ministers of Zambia :-External links:*...

       (1985–1989)
  • Zimbabwe
    Zimbabwe
    Zimbabwe is a landlocked country located in the southern part of the African continent, between the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers. It is bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the southwest, Zambia and a tip of Namibia to the northwest and Mozambique to the east. Zimbabwe has three...

    -
    • President -
      1. Canaan Banana
        Canaan Banana
        Canaan Sodindo Banana served as the first President of Zimbabwe from 18 April 1980 until 31 December 1987. A Methodist minister, he held the largely ceremonial office of the presidency while his eventual successor, Robert Mugabe, served as Prime Minister of Zimbabwe.During his lifetime, Banana...

        , President of Zimbabwe (1980–1987)
      2. Robert Mugabe
        Robert Mugabe
        Robert Gabriel Mugabe is the President of Zimbabwe. As one of the leaders of the liberation movement against white-minority rule, he was elected into power in 1980...

        , President of Zimbabwe (1987–present)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Robert Mugabe
        Robert Mugabe
        Robert Gabriel Mugabe is the President of Zimbabwe. As one of the leaders of the liberation movement against white-minority rule, he was elected into power in 1980...

        , Prime Minister of Zimbabwe
        Prime Minister of Zimbabwe
        The Prime Minister of Zimbabwe is the head of government in Zimbabwe. From 1980 to 1987, Robert Mugabe was the first person to hold the position following independence from the United Kingdom. He took office when Rhodesia became the Republic of Zimbabwe on 18 April 1980...

         (1980–1987)

Asia

  • Afghanistan
    Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
    The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan was a government of Afghanistan between 1978 and 1992. It was both ideologically close to and economically dependent on the Soviet Union, and was a major belligerent of the Afghan Civil War.- Saur Revolution :...

    -
    • Communist Party Leader - Mohammad Najibullah
      Mohammad Najibullah
      Mohammad Najibullah Ahmadzai , originally merely Najibullah, was the fourth and last President of the Soviet-backed Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. He is also considered the second President of the Republic of Afghanistan.-Early years:Najibullah was born in August 1947 to the Ahmadzai...

      , General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan
      People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan
      The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan was a communist party established on the 1 January 1965. While a minority, the party helped former president of Afghanistan, Mohammed Daoud Khan, to overthrow his cousin, Mohammed Zahir Shah, and established Daoud's Republic of Afghanistan...

       (1986–1990)
    • Head of State -
      1. Haji Mohammad Chamkani
        Haji Mohammad Chamkani
        Haji Mohammad Chamkani is a politician from Afghanistan who held the post of interim President of Afghanistan during the period of the Soviet-backed Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. Previously, he served as Vice-President under Babrak Karmal's Government....

        , Chairman of the Revolutionary Council of Afghanistan
        President of Afghanistan
        Afghanistan has only been a republic between 1973 and 1992 and from 2001 onwards. Before 1973, it was a monarchy that was governed by a variety of kings, emirs or shahs...

         (1986–1987)
      2. Mohammad Najibullah
        Mohammad Najibullah
        Mohammad Najibullah Ahmadzai , originally merely Najibullah, was the fourth and last President of the Soviet-backed Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. He is also considered the second President of the Republic of Afghanistan.-Early years:Najibullah was born in August 1947 to the Ahmadzai...

        , Chairman of the Revolutionary Council of Afghanistan
        President of Afghanistan
        Afghanistan has only been a republic between 1973 and 1992 and from 2001 onwards. Before 1973, it was a monarchy that was governed by a variety of kings, emirs or shahs...

         (1987–1992)
    • Prime Minister - Sultan Ali Keshtmand
      Sultan Ali Keshtmand
      Sultan Ali Keshtmand, sometimes transliterated Kishtmand, born May 22, 1935 in Kabul, was an Afghan politician. He served twice as Prime Minister during the 1980s, from 1981 to 1988 and from 1989 to 1990 in the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan....

      , Prime Minister of Afghanistan
      Prime Minister of Afghanistan
      The Prime Minister of Afghanistan is a currently defunct post in the Afghan Government.The position was created in 1927, and was appointed by the king, mostly as an advisor, until the end of the monarchy in 1973...

       (1981–1988)
  • Bahrain
    Bahrain
    ' , officially the Kingdom of Bahrain , is a small island state near the western shores of the Persian Gulf. It is ruled by the Al Khalifa royal family. The population in 2010 stood at 1,214,705, including 235,108 non-nationals. Formerly an emirate, Bahrain was declared a kingdom in 2002.Bahrain is...

    -
    • Monarch - Sheikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Emir of Bahrain
      King of Bahrain
      The King of Bahrain ‎ is the monarch and head of state of Bahrain. Between 1783 and 1971, the Bahraini monarch held the title of Hakim, and, from 1971 until 2002, the title of Emir...

       (1961–1999)
    • Prime Minister - Sheikh Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa, Prime Minister of Bahrain
      Prime Minister of Bahrain
      In Bahrain, the Prime Minister is the head of government of the country. According to the Constitution of Bahrain, the Prime Minister is appointed directly by the King, and needs not be an elected member of the Council of Representatives....

       (1970–present)
  • Bangladesh
    Bangladesh
    Bangladesh , officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh is a sovereign state located in South Asia. It is bordered by India on all sides except for a small border with Burma to the far southeast and by the Bay of Bengal to the south...

    -
    • President - Hussain Muhammad Ershad, President of Bangladesh (1983–1990)
    • Prime Minister - Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury
      Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury
      Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury was a Bengali politician, most notable for serving as Prime Minister of Bangladesh from July 9, 1986, to March 27, 1988....

      , Prime Minister of Bangladesh
      Prime Minister of Bangladesh
      The Prime Minister of the People's Republic of Bangladesh is the Head of the Government of Bangladesh. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Jatiya Sangsad Parliament, to their political party and ultimately to the electorate...

       (1986–1988)
  • Bhutan
    Bhutan
    Bhutan , officially the Kingdom of Bhutan, is a landlocked state in South Asia, located at the eastern end of the Himalayas and bordered to the south, east and west by the Republic of India and to the north by the People's Republic of China...

    • Monarch - Jigme Singye Wangchuck
      Jigme Singye Wangchuck
      Jigme Singye Wangchuck is the former King of Bhutan. He was the fourth Dragon King of Bhutan from 1972 until his abdication in favour of his eldest son, Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, in 2006...

      , King of Bhutan (1972–2006)
  • Brunei
    Brunei
    Brunei , officially the State of Brunei Darussalam or the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace , is a sovereign state located on the north coast of the island of Borneo, in Southeast Asia...

    • Monarch - Hassanal Bolkiah
      Hassanal Bolkiah
      General Haji Sir Hassan al-Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah GCB GCMG is the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam, the 29th Sultan of Brunei and the first Prime Minister of Brunei Darussalam...

      , Sultan of Brunei (1967–present)
    • Prime Minister - Hassanal Bolkiah
      Hassanal Bolkiah
      General Haji Sir Hassan al-Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah GCB GCMG is the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam, the 29th Sultan of Brunei and the first Prime Minister of Brunei Darussalam...

      , Prime Minister of Brunei
      Prime Minister of Brunei
      The Prime Minister of Brunei is a title held by the Sultan of Brunei. As the prime minister, the Sultan presides over the cabinet.As of 2011, the post is held by Hassanal Bolkiah....

       (1984–present)
  • Burma
    Myanmar
    Burma , officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar , is a country in Southeast Asia. Burma is bordered by China on the northeast, Laos on the east, Thailand on the southeast, Bangladesh on the west, India on the northwest, the Bay of Bengal to the southwest, and the Andaman Sea on the south....

    -
    • President - San Yu, President of Burma
      President of Burma
      The President of Burma is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, and leads the executive branch of the Burmese government, and heads the Cabinet of Burma. The president is elected by members of parliament, not by the general population. The Presidential...

       (1981–1988)
    • Prime Minister - Maung Maung Kha
      Maung Maung Kha
      Maung Maung Kha was the 8th Prime Minister of Myanmar between 1977 and 1988.Maung Maung Kha was born to Khin Tint and Chit Pe in Yangon. He enrolled in University of Rangoon in 1937 to study engineering but left school in the final year of studies to join the Burma Independence Army in 1941...

      , Prime Minister of Burma (1977–1988)
  • China (People's Republic of China)
    People's Republic of China
    China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...

    -
    • Communist Party Leader -
      1. Hu Yaobang
        Hu Yaobang
        Hu Yaobang was a leader of the People's Republic of China who served as both Chairman and Party General Secretary. Hu joined the Chinese Communist Party in the 1930s, and rose to prominence as a comrade of Deng Xiaoping...

        , General Secretary of the Communist Party of China
        General Secretary of the Communist Party of China
        The General Secretary of the Communist Party of China , officially General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, is the highest ranking official within the Communist Party of China, a standing member of the Politburo and head of the Secretariat...

         (1981–1987)
      2. Zhao Ziyang
        Zhao Ziyang
        Zhao Ziyang was a high-ranking politician in the People's Republic of China . He was the third Premier of the People's Republic of China from 1980 to 1987, and General Secretary of the Communist Party of China from 1987 to 1989....

        , General Secretary of the Communist Party of China
        General Secretary of the Communist Party of China
        The General Secretary of the Communist Party of China , officially General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, is the highest ranking official within the Communist Party of China, a standing member of the Politburo and head of the Secretariat...

         (1987–1989)
    • President - Li Xiannian
      Li Xianniàn
      Li Xiannian was President of the People's Republic of China between 1983 and 1988 and then chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference until his death. He was an influential political figure throughout the PRC, having been a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of...

      , President of the People's Republic of China
      President of the People's Republic of China
      The President of the People's Republic of China is a ceremonial office and a part of State organs under the National People's Congress and it is the head of state of the People's Republic of China . The office was created by the 1982 Constitution...

       (1983–1988)
    • Premier -
      1. Zhao Ziyang
        Zhao Ziyang
        Zhao Ziyang was a high-ranking politician in the People's Republic of China . He was the third Premier of the People's Republic of China from 1980 to 1987, and General Secretary of the Communist Party of China from 1987 to 1989....

        , Premier of the People's Republic of China
        Premier of the People's Republic of China
        The Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China , sometimes also referred to as the "Prime Minister" informally, is the Leader of the State Council of the People's Republic of China , who is the head of government and holds the highest-ranking of the Civil service of the...

         (1980–1987)
      2. Li Peng
        Li Peng
        Li Peng served as the fourth Premier of the People's Republic of China, between 1987 and 1998, and the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, China's top legislative body, from 1998 to 2003. For much of the 1990s Li was ranked second in the Communist Party of China ...

        , Premier of the People's Republic of China
        Premier of the People's Republic of China
        The Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China , sometimes also referred to as the "Prime Minister" informally, is the Leader of the State Council of the People's Republic of China , who is the head of government and holds the highest-ranking of the Civil service of the...

         (1987–1998)
  • Hong Kong
    Hong Kong
    Hong Kong is one of two Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China , the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour...

     (British dependent territory)
    • Governor -
      1. Sir David Akers-Jones
        David Akers-Jones
        Sir David Akers-Jones, KBE, CMG, GBM, JP was the Chief Secretary of Hong Kong from 1985 to 1987, and was briefly Acting Governor of Hong Kong.-Biography:...

        , Acting Governor of Hong Kong
        Governor of Hong Kong
        The Governor of Hong Kong was the head of the government of Hong Kong during British rule from 1843 to 1997. The governor's roles were defined in the Hong Kong Letters Patent and Royal Instructions...

         (1986–1987)
      2. Sir David Wilson
        David Wilson, Baron Wilson of Tillyorn
        David Clive Wilson, Baron Wilson of Tillyorn, is a retired British administrator, diplomat and Sinologist. Lord Wilson of Tillyorn was the penultimate Commander-in-Chief and 27th Governor of Hong Kong...

        , Governor of Hong Kong
        Governor of Hong Kong
        The Governor of Hong Kong was the head of the government of Hong Kong during British rule from 1843 to 1997. The governor's roles were defined in the Hong Kong Letters Patent and Royal Instructions...

         (1987–1992)
  • India
    India
    India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...

    -
    • President -
      1. Zail Singh
        Zail Singh
        Giani Zail Singh was an Indian politician and member of the Congress Party. He served as the seventh President of India.His term was marked by Operation Blue Star, the assassination of Indira Gandhi, and the 1984 anti-Sikh riots. He died of injuries in 1994 after a car accident.-Early Life:He...

        , President of India
        President of India
        The President of India is the head of state and first citizen of India, as well as the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces. President of India is also the formal head of all the three branches of Indian Democracy - Legislature, Executive and Judiciary...

         (1982–1987)
      2. R. Venkataraman
        R. Venkataraman
        Ramaswamy Venkataraman was an Indian lawyer, Indian independence activist and politician who served as a Union minister and as the eighth President of India....

        , President of India
        President of India
        The President of India is the head of state and first citizen of India, as well as the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces. President of India is also the formal head of all the three branches of Indian Democracy - Legislature, Executive and Judiciary...

         (1987–1992)
    • Prime Minister - Rajiv Gandhi
      Rajiv Gandhi
      Rajiv Ratna Gandhi was the sixth Prime Minister of India . He took office after his mother's assassination on 31 October 1984; he himself was assassinated on 21 May 1991. He became the youngest Prime Minister of India when he took office at the age of 40.Rajiv Gandhi was the elder son of Indira...

      , Prime Minister of India
      Prime Minister of India
      The Prime Minister of India , as addressed to in the Constitution of India — Prime Minister for the Union, is the chief of government, head of the Council of Ministers and the leader of the majority party in parliament...

       (1984–1989)
  • Indonesia
    Indonesia
    Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...

    -
  • Iran
    Iran
    Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...

    -
    • Supreme Leader - Ruhollah Khomeini
      Ruhollah Khomeini
      Grand Ayatollah Sayyed Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini was an Iranian religious leader and politician, and leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution which saw the overthrow of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran...

      , Supreme Leader of Iran
      Supreme Leader of Iran
      The Supreme Leader of Iran is the highest ranking political and religious authority in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The post was established by the constitution in accordance with the concept of Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists...

       (1979–1989)
    • President - Ali Khamenei
      Ali Khamenei
      Ayatollah Seyed Ali Hoseyni Khāmene’i is the Supreme Leader of Iran and the figurative head of the Muslim conservative establishment in Iran and Twelver Shi'a marja...

      , President of Iran
      President of Iran
      The President of Iran is the highest popularly elected official in, and the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Iran; although subordinate to the Supreme Leader of Iran, who functions as the country's head of state...

       (1981–1989)
    • Prime Minister - Mir-Hossein Mousavi
      Mir-Hossein Mousavi
      Mir-Hossein Mousavi Khameneh is an Iranian reformist politician, artist and architect who served as the seventy-ninth and last Prime Minister of Iran from 1981 to 1989. He was a Reformist candidate for the 2009 presidential election and eventually the leader of the opposition in the post-election...

      , Prime Minister of Iran
      Prime Minister of Iran
      Prime Minister of Iran was a political post in Iran that had existed during several different periods of time starting with the Qajar era until its most recent revival from 1979 to 1989 following the Iranian Revolution.-Prime Ministers of Qajar era:In the Qajar era, prime ministers were known by...

       (1981–1989)
  • Iraq
    Ba'athist Iraq
    The History of Iraq , referred to as Ba'athist Iraq, covers the period of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party's rule over Iraq. Ba'athist rule in Iraq first occurred briefly in 1963 under Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr until overthrown that same year. Ba'athism was restored to power five years later after...

    -
    • President - Saddam Hussein
      Saddam Hussein
      Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti was the fifth President of Iraq, serving in this capacity from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003...

      , President of Iraq
      President of Iraq
      The President of Iraq is the head of state of Iraq and "safeguards the commitment to the Constitution and the preservation of Iraq's independence, sovereignty, unity, the security of its territories in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution." The President is elected by the Council of...

       (1979–2003)
    • Prime Minister - Saddam Hussein
      Saddam Hussein
      Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti was the fifth President of Iraq, serving in this capacity from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003...

      , Prime Minister of Iraq
      Prime Minister of Iraq
      The Prime Minister of Iraq is Iraq's head of government. Prime Minister was originally an appointed office, subsidiary to the head of state, and the nominal leader of the Iraqi parliament. Under the newly adopted constitution the Prime Minister is to be the country's active executive authority...

       (1979–1991)
  • Israel
    Israel
    The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...

    • President - Chaim Herzog
      Chaim Herzog
      Chaim Herzog served as the sixth President of Israel , following a distinguished career in both the British Army and the Israel Defense Forces .-Early life:...

      , President of Israel
      President of Israel
      The President of the State of Israel is the head of state of Israel. The position is largely an apolitical ceremonial figurehead role, with the real executive power lying in the hands of the Prime Minister. The current president is Shimon Peres who took office on 15 July 2007...

       (1983–1993)
    • Prime Minister - Yitzhak Shamir
      Yitzhak Shamir
      ' is a former Israeli politician, the seventh Prime Minister of Israel, in 1983–84 and 1986–92.-Biography:Icchak Jeziernicky was born in Ruzhany , Russian Empire . He studied at a Hebrew High School in Białystok, Poland. As a youth he joined Betar, the Revisionist Zionist youth movement...

      , Prime Minister of Israel
      Prime Minister of Israel
      The Prime Minister of Israel is the head of the Israeli government and the most powerful political figure in Israel . The prime minister is the country's chief executive. The official residence of the prime minister, Beit Rosh Hamemshala is in Jerusalem...

       (1986–1992)
  • Japan
    Japan
    Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...

    -
    • Monarch - Hirohito
      Hirohito
      , posthumously in Japan officially called Emperor Shōwa or , was the 124th Emperor of Japan according to the traditional order, reigning from December 25, 1926, until his death in 1989. Although better known outside of Japan by his personal name Hirohito, in Japan he is now referred to...

      , Emperor of Japan
      Emperor of Japan
      The Emperor of Japan is, according to the 1947 Constitution of Japan, "the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people." He is a ceremonial figurehead under a form of constitutional monarchy and is head of the Japanese Imperial Family with functions as head of state. He is also the highest...

       (1926–1989)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Yasuhiro Nakasone
        Yasuhiro Nakasone
        is a Japanese politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan from November 27, 1982 to November 6, 1987. A contemporary of Brian Mulroney, Ronald Reagan, Helmut Kohl, François Mitterrand, Margaret Thatcher, and Mikhail Gorbachev, he is best known for pushing through the privatization of...

        , Prime Minister of Japan
        Prime Minister of Japan
        The is the head of government of Japan. He is appointed by the Emperor of Japan after being designated by the Diet from among its members, and must enjoy the confidence of the House of Representatives to remain in office...

         (1982–1987)
      2. Takeshita Noboru, Prime Minister of Japan
        Prime Minister of Japan
        The is the head of government of Japan. He is appointed by the Emperor of Japan after being designated by the Diet from among its members, and must enjoy the confidence of the House of Representatives to remain in office...

         (1987–1989)
  • Jordan
    Jordan
    Jordan , officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan , Al-Mamlaka al-Urduniyya al-Hashemiyya) is a kingdom on the East Bank of the River Jordan. The country borders Saudi Arabia to the east and south-east, Iraq to the north-east, Syria to the north and the West Bank and Israel to the west, sharing...

    -
    • Monarch - Hussein
      Hussein of Jordan
      Hussein bin Talal was the third King of Jordan from the abdication of his father, King Talal, in 1952, until his death. Hussein's rule extended through the Cold War and four decades of Arab-Israeli conflict...

      , King of Jordan (1952–1999)
    • Prime Minister - Zaid al-Rifai
      Zaid al-Rifai
      Zaid al-Rifai in the city of Safed in Palestine is a former Prime Minister of Jordan.-Biography:He served as Prime Minister of Jordan twice and . His father, Sameer al-Rifai was also an important politician in Jordan and former prime minister...

      , Prime Minister of Jordan (1985–1989)
  • Kampuchea
    People's Republic of Kampuchea
    The People's Republic of Kampuchea , , was founded in Cambodia by the Salvation Front, a group of Cambodian leftists dissatisfied with the Khmer Rouge, after the overthrow of Democratic Kampuchea, Pol Pot's government...

    -
    • Communist Party Leader - Heng Samrin
      Heng Samrin
      Heng Samrin is a Cambodian politician. He was the chairman of the People's Republic of Kampuchea and the State of Cambodia , and later vice chairman and chairman of the National Assembly of Cambodia since 2006....

      , Secretary-General of the Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party
      Cambodian People's Party
      The Cambodian People's Party is the current ruling party of Cambodia.This party was formerly known as Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party...

       (1981–1991)
    • Head of State - Heng Samrin
      Heng Samrin
      Heng Samrin is a Cambodian politician. He was the chairman of the People's Republic of Kampuchea and the State of Cambodia , and later vice chairman and chairman of the National Assembly of Cambodia since 2006....

      , Chairman of the Council of State of Kampuchea (1979–1992)
    • Prime Minister - Hun Sen
      Hun Sen
      Hun Sen is the current Prime Minister of Cambodia.He has been the sole leader of the Cambodian People's Party , which has governed Cambodia since the Vietnamese-backed overthrow of the Khmer Rouge in 1979...

      , Prime Minister of Kampuchea (1985–present)
  • North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)
    North Korea
    The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea , , is a country in East Asia, occupying the northern half of the Korean Peninsula. Its capital and largest city is Pyongyang. The Korean Demilitarized Zone serves as the buffer zone between North Korea and South Korea...

    -
    • Communist Party Leader - Kim Il-sung
      Kim Il-sung
      Kim Il-sung was a Korean communist politician who led the Democratic People's Republic of Korea from its founding in 1948 until his death in 1994. He held the posts of Prime Minister from 1948 to 1972 and President from 1972 to his death...

      , General Secretary of the Korean Workers' Party
      Workers' Party of Korea
      The Workers' Party of Korea is the ruling Communist party of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea , commonly known as North Korea. It is also called the Korean Workers' Party...

       (1948–1994)
    • President - Kim Il-sung
      Kim Il-sung
      Kim Il-sung was a Korean communist politician who led the Democratic People's Republic of Korea from its founding in 1948 until his death in 1994. He held the posts of Prime Minister from 1948 to 1972 and President from 1972 to his death...

      , President of North Korea (1972–1994)
    • Premier - Li Gun Mo
      Li Gun Mo
      Li Gun-mo is a North Korean politician . He was Prime Minister from 29 December 1986 to 12 December 1988, when he was replaced, reportedly due to poor health. He succeeded Kang Song-san. His successor was Yon Hyong Muk.-See also:...

      , Premier of North Korea (1986–1988)
  • South Korea (Republic of Korea)
    South Korea
    The Republic of Korea , , is a sovereign state in East Asia, located on the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula. It is neighbored by the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east, North Korea to the north, and the East China Sea and Republic of China to the south...

    -
    • President - Chun Doo-hwan
      Chun Doo-hwan
      Chun Doo-hwan was a ROK Army general and the President of South Korea from 1980 to 1988. Chun was sentenced to death in 1996 for his heavy-handed response to the Gwangju Democratization Movement, but later pardoned by President Kim Young-sam with the advice of then President-elect Kim Dae-jung,...

      , President of South Korea
      President of South Korea
      The President of the Republic of Korea is, according to the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, chief executive of the government, commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and the head of state of the Republic of Korea...

       (1980–1988)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Roh Shin Yeong, Prime Minister of South Korea
        Prime Minister of South Korea
        The Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea is appointed by the President with the National Assembly's approval. Unlike prime ministers in the parliamentary system, the Prime Minister of South Korea is not required to be a member of parliament....

         (1985–1987)
      2. Lee Han Ki, Acting Prime Minister of South Korea
        Prime Minister of South Korea
        The Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea is appointed by the President with the National Assembly's approval. Unlike prime ministers in the parliamentary system, the Prime Minister of South Korea is not required to be a member of parliament....

         (1987)
      3. Kim Jeong Ryeol, Prime Minister of South Korea
        Prime Minister of South Korea
        The Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea is appointed by the President with the National Assembly's approval. Unlike prime ministers in the parliamentary system, the Prime Minister of South Korea is not required to be a member of parliament....

         (1987–1988)
  • Kuwait
    Kuwait
    The State of Kuwait is a sovereign Arab state situated in the north-east of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south at Khafji, and Iraq to the north at Basra. It lies on the north-western shore of the Persian Gulf. The name Kuwait is derived from the...

    -
    • Monarch - Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
      Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
      Jaber III al-Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah, GCB , GCMG of the al-Sabah dynasty, was the Emir and thirteenth Sheikh of Kuwait, serving from December 31, 1977 until his death on January 15, 2006...

      , Emir of Kuwait (1977–2006)
    • Prime Minister - Sheikh Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah
      Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah
      Sheikh Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah, KCMG was the Emir of Kuwait during a short reign of nine days , succeeding the late Sheikh Jaber....

      , Prime Minister of Kuwait (1978–2003)
  • Laos
    Laos
    Laos Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south and Thailand to the west...

    -
    • Communist Party Leader - Kaysone Phomvihane
      Kaysone Phomvihane
      Kaysone Phomvihane was the leader of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party from 1955, though Souphanouvong served in a figurehead role...

      , General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party
      Lao People's Revolutionary Party
      The Lao People's Revolutionary Party is a communist political party that has governed Laos since 1975. The policy-making organs are the politburo and the central committee. A party congress, which elects members to the politburo and central committee, is held every five years...

       (1975–1992)
    • President -
      • Souphanouvong
        Souphanouvong
        Prince Souphanouvong was, along with his half-brother Prince Souvanna Phouma and Prince Boun Oum of Champasak, one of the “Three Princes” who represented respectively the communist , neutralist, and royalist political factions in Laos...

        , President of Laos
        President of Laos
        The President of Laos is the head of state of the People's Democratic Republic of Laos.The office of the President was created in 1975, after the takeover of the country by the Pathet Lao, which abolished the monarchy. A member of the deposed royal family, Prince Souphanouvong, was the first...

         (1975–1991)
      • Phoumi Vongvichit
        Phoumi Vongvichit
        Phoumi Vongvichit was a leading figure of the Pathet Lao and an elder statesman of the Lao People's Democratic Republic....

        , Acting President of Laos
        President of Laos
        The President of Laos is the head of state of the People's Democratic Republic of Laos.The office of the President was created in 1975, after the takeover of the country by the Pathet Lao, which abolished the monarchy. A member of the deposed royal family, Prince Souphanouvong, was the first...

         (1986–1991)
    • Premier - Kaysone Phomvihane
      Kaysone Phomvihane
      Kaysone Phomvihane was the leader of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party from 1955, though Souphanouvong served in a figurehead role...

      , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos
      Prime Minister of Laos
      The Prime Minister of Laos is the head of government of the People's Democratic Republic of Laos.-Prime Ministers:-Trivia:Between December 1959 to December 1960, Laos had 6 different Prime Ministers, after being ousted by 6 different political coups....

       (1975–1991)
  • Lebanon
    Lebanon
    Lebanon , officially the Republic of LebanonRepublic of Lebanon is the most common term used by Lebanese government agencies. The term Lebanese Republic, a literal translation of the official Arabic and French names that is not used in today's world. Arabic is the most common language spoken among...

    -
    • President - Amin Gemayel, President of Lebanon (1982–1988)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Rashid Karami
        Rashid Karami
        Rashid Abdul Hamid Karami was a Lebanese statesman. He was one of the most important political figures in Lebanon for more than 30 years, including during much of Lebanese Civil War , and he served as Prime Minister eight times.- Background :Rashid Karami was born in Tripoli, into one of...

        , Prime Minister of Lebanon (1984–1987)
      2. Selim al-Hoss
        Selim al-Hoss
        Selim Ahmed El-Hoss is a veteran Lebanese politician. He was a Prime Minister of Lebanon and a longtime Member of Parliament representing his hometown, Beirut.-Education:...

        , Prime Minister of Lebanon (1987–1990)
  • Macau
    Macau
    Macau , also spelled Macao , is, along with Hong Kong, one of the two special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China...

     (overseas province of Portugal)
    • Governor -
      1. Joaquim Pinto Machado, Governor of Macau
        Governor of Macau
        The Governor of Macau was a Portuguese colonial official who headed the colony of Macau, before 1623 called Captain-major . The post was replaced on December 20, 1999 upon the transfer of administration to the People's Republic of China by the office of the Chief Executive of the Macau Special...

         (1986–1987)
      2. Carlos Montez Melancia
        Carlos Montez Melancia
        Carlos Montez Melancia was the Governor of Macau from 9 July 1987 to 22 April 1991. He was born in Santarém District, Portugal in 1927. In 1991 his corruption affairs were revealed by the mass media. It was in this period that the Supreme Procuratorate of Portugal decided to indict him for...

        , Governor of Macau
        Governor of Macau
        The Governor of Macau was a Portuguese colonial official who headed the colony of Macau, before 1623 called Captain-major . The post was replaced on December 20, 1999 upon the transfer of administration to the People's Republic of China by the office of the Chief Executive of the Macau Special...

         (1987–1990)
  • Malaysia -
    • Monarch - Sultan Iskandar, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia
      Yang di-Pertuan Agong
      The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is the head of state of Malaysia. The office was established in 1957 when the Federation of Malaya gained independence....

       (1984–1989)
    • Prime Minister - Mahathir Mohamad, Prime Minister of Malaysia
      Prime Minister of Malaysia
      The Prime Minister of Malaysia is the indirectly elected head of government of Malaysia. He is officially appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the head of state, who in HM's judgment is likely to command the confidence of the majority of the members of that House of Representatives , the...

       (1981–2003)
  • Maldives
    Maldives
    The Maldives , , officially Republic of Maldives , also referred to as the Maldive Islands, is an island nation in the Indian Ocean formed by a double chain of twenty-six atolls oriented north-south off India's Lakshadweep islands, between Minicoy Island and...

    • President - Maumoon Abdul Gayoom
      Maumoon Abdul Gayoom
      Maumoon Abdul Gayoom was President of the Maldives from 1978 to 2008. After serving as Minister of Transport, he was nominated as President by the Majlis of the Maldives and succeeded Ibrahim Nasir on November 11, 1978. He eventually became the longest-ruling head of government in Asia...

      , President of the Maldives
      President of the Maldives
      The President of the Maldives is the Head of State and Head of Government and first citizen of the Republic of Maldives and the Supreme Commander of the Maldivian armed forces.The current President of the Republic of Maldives is Mohamed Nasheed....

       (1978–2008)
  • Mongolia -
    • Communist Party Leader - Jambyn Batmönkh, General secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party
      Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party
      The Mongolian People's Party formerly the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party is an ex-communist political party in Mongolia. The party is abbreviated MPP in English and ' in Mongolian...

       (1984–1990)
    • President - Jambyn Batmönkh, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Great Hural of Mongolia
      President of Mongolia
      The President of Mongolia is the head of state of Mongolia. The Constitution of Mongolia implements a parliamentary system, so while much of the President's role is ceremonial, he or she does wield significant political power.-Election:...

       (1984–1990)
    • Premier - Dumaagiin Sodnom
      Dumaagiin Sodnom
      Dumaagiin Sodnom is a Mongolian political figure who served as Mongolia's 14th Prime Minister from 1984 to 1990.Sodnom was born in the Örgön District of Dornogovi Province on 14 July 1933. He first attended school in the Bayanmönkh district of Khentii Province and then went on to study at the...

      , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Mongolia
      Prime Minister of Mongolia
      The Prime Minister of Mongolia is the highest member of the Mongolian government's executive arm, and heads the Mongolian cabinet. The Prime Minister is appointed by Parliament, and can be removed by a vote of no confidence.-Powers:...

       (1984–1990)
  • Nepal
    • Monarch - Birendra, King of Nepal (1972–2001)
    • Prime Minister - Marich Man Singh Shrestha
      Marich Man Singh Shrestha
      Marich Man Singh Shrestha is a Nepalese politician. He served as prime minister of Nepal from June 15, 1986 to April 6, 1990. Prior to that he was Speaker of the National Assembly of Nepal. He is a member of the Newar community and was the first member of that ethnic group to become prime minister...

      , Prime Minister of Nepal (1986–1990)
  • Oman
    Oman
    Oman , officially called the Sultanate of Oman , is an Arab state in southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by the United Arab Emirates to the northwest, Saudi Arabia to the west, and Yemen to the southwest. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the...

    -
    • Monarch - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Sultan of Oman
      Sultan of Oman
      -List of Imams :-Nabhan Dynasty :-Ya'ariba Dynasty :-Banu Ghafir Dynasty :-Ya'ariba Dynasty :-Al Said Dynasty :-See also:...

       (1970–present)
    • Prime Minister - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Prime Minister of Oman (1972–present)
  • Pakistan
    Pakistan
    Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...

    -
    • President - Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
      Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
      General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq , was the 4th Chief Martial Law Administrator and the sixth President of Pakistan from July 1977 to his death in August 1988...

      , President of Pakistan
      President of Pakistan
      The President of Pakistan is the head of state, as well as figurehead, of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Recently passed an XVIII Amendment , Pakistan has a parliamentary democratic system of government. According to the Constitution, the President is chosen by the Electoral College to serve a...

       (1978–1988)
    • Prime Minister - Muhammad Khan Junejo
      Muhammad Khan Junejo
      Muhammad Khan Junejo was the tenth Prime Minister of Pakistan.-Early life:He was born at Sindhri in Tharparkar of Sindh. He belongs to Sindhi Muslim Rajput family of Junejo clan. Junejo started his political career at the age of twenty one...

      , Prime Minister of Pakistan
      Prime Minister of Pakistan
      The Prime Minister of Pakistan , is the Head of Government of Pakistan who is designated to exercise as the country's Chief Executive. By the Constitution of Pakistan, Pakistan has the parliamentary democratic system of government...

       (1985–1988)
  • Philippines
    Philippines
    The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...

    • President - Corazon Aquino
      Corazon Aquino
      Maria Corazon Sumulong Cojuangco-Aquino was the 11th President of the Philippines and the first woman to hold that office in Philippine history. She is best remembered for leading the 1986 People Power Revolution, which toppled Ferdinand Marcos and restored democracy in the Philippines...

      , President of the Philippines
      President of the Philippines
      The President of the Philippines is the head of state and head of government of the Philippines. The president leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines...

       (1986–1992)
  • Qatar
    Qatar
    Qatar , also known as the State of Qatar or locally Dawlat Qaṭar, is a sovereign Arab state, located in the Middle East, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeasterly coast of the much larger Arabian Peninsula. Its sole land border is with Saudi Arabia to the south, with the rest of its...

    -
    • Monarch - Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani
      Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani
      Emir Shaikh Khalifa bin Hamad bin Abdullah bin Jassim bin Muhammed Al Thani GCB GCMG was the Emir of Qatar from 1972 until he was deposed by his son Hamad bin Khalifa in 1995....

      , Emir of Qatar (1972–1995)
    • Prime Minister - Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani
      Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani
      Emir Shaikh Khalifa bin Hamad bin Abdullah bin Jassim bin Muhammed Al Thani GCB GCMG was the Emir of Qatar from 1972 until he was deposed by his son Hamad bin Khalifa in 1995....

      , Prime Minister of Qatar (1970–1995)
  • Saudi Arabia
    Saudi Arabia
    The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , commonly known in British English as Saudi Arabia and in Arabic as as-Sa‘ūdiyyah , is the largest state in Western Asia by land area, constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and the second-largest in the Arab World...

    -
    • Monarch - Fahd
      Fahd of Saudi Arabia
      Fahd bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud, Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, was King of Saudi Arabia from 1982 to 2005...

      , King of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005)
    • Prime Minister - Fahd
      Fahd of Saudi Arabia
      Fahd bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud, Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, was King of Saudi Arabia from 1982 to 2005...

      , Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia
      Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia
      The Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia is formally the Head of government under the Malik , the rather absolute Head of State of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.-History:...

       (1982–2005)
  • Singapore
    Singapore
    Singapore , officially the Republic of Singapore, is a Southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, north of the equator. An island country made up of 63 islands, it is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the...

    -
    • President - Wee Kim Wee
      Wee Kim Wee
      Wee Kim Wee GCB was the fourth President of Singapore from 2 September 1985 to 1 September 1993.-Early life:Born into a humble family, Wee Kim Wee was the son of a clerk, Wee Choong Lay and his wife Chua Lay Hua. His father died when he was eight...

      , President of Singapore
      President of Singapore
      The President of the Republic of Singapore is Singapore's head of state. In a Westminster parliamentary system, as which Singapore governs itself, the prime minister is the head of the government while the position of president is largely ceremonial. Before 1993, the President of Singapore was...

       (1985–1993)
    • Prime Minister - Lee Kuan Yew
      Lee Kuan Yew
      Lee Kuan Yew, GCMG, CH is a Singaporean statesman. He was the first Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore, governing for three decades...

      , Prime Minister of Singapore
      Prime Minister of Singapore
      The Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore is the head of the government of the Republic of Singapore. The President of Singapore appoints as Prime Minister a Member of Parliament who, in his opinion, is most likely to command the confidence of a majority of MPs.The office of Prime Minister...

       (1959–1990)
  • Sri Lanka
    Sri Lanka
    Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is a country off the southern coast of the Indian subcontinent. Known until 1972 as Ceylon , Sri Lanka is an island surrounded by the Indian Ocean, the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait, and lies in the vicinity of India and the...

    -
    • President - Junius Richard Jayewardene
      Junius Richard Jayewardene
      Junius Richard Jayewardene , famously abbreviated in Sri Lanka as JR, was the first executive President of Sri Lanka, serving from 1978 till 1989. He was a leader of the nationalist movement in Ceylon who served in a variety of cabinet positions in the decades following independence...

      , President of Sri Lanka
      President of Sri Lanka
      The President of Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is the elected head of state and the head of government. The President is a dominant political figure in Sri Lanka. The office was created in 1978 but has grown so powerful there have been calls to restrict or even eliminate its power...

       (1978–1989)
    • Prime Minister - Ranasinghe Premadasa
      Ranasinghe Premadasa
      Ranasinghe Premadasa was the 3rd President of Sri Lanka from January 2, 1989 to May 1, 1993. Before that, he served as the Prime Minister in the government headed by J. R. Jayewardene from February 6, 1978 to January 1, 1989...

      , Prime Minister of Sri Lanka
      Prime Minister of Sri Lanka
      The Prime Minister of Sri Lanka is the functional head of the Cabinet of Sri Lanka. However, the President is both head of state and head of government in Sri Lanka...

       (1978–1989)
  • Syria
    Syria
    Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest....

    -
    • President - Hafez al-Assad
      Hafez al-Assad
      Hafez ibn 'Ali ibn Sulayman al-Assad or more commonly Hafez al-Assad was the President of Syria for three decades. Assad's rule consolidated the power of the central government after decades of coups and counter-coups, such as Operation Wappen in 1957 conducted by the Eisenhower administration and...

      , President of Syria (1971–2000)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Abdul Rauf al-Kasm
        Abdul Rauf al-Kasm
        Dr. Abdul Rauf al-Kasm is a Syrian architect and professor of architecture at Damascus University. He served as Prime Minister of Syria from January 9, 1980, to November 1, 1987 under the presidency of Hafez Al-Asad. After leaving office, he served as a senior consultant for national...

        , Prime Minister of Syria (1980–1987)
      2. Mahmoud Zuabi
        Mahmoud Zuabi
        Mahmoud Zuabi was Syria's Prime Minister from November 1, 1987 until March 7, 2000.- Early life :...

        , Prime Minister of Syria (1987–2000)
  • Taiwan (Republic of China)
    Republic of China
    The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan , which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor...

    -
    • President - Chiang Ching-kuo
      Chiang Ching-kuo
      Chiang Ching-kuo , Kuomintang politician and leader, was the son of President Chiang Kai-shek and held numerous posts in the government of the Republic of China...

      , President of the Republic of China
      President of the Republic of China
      The President of the Republic of China is the head of state and commander-in-chief of the Republic of China . The Republic of China was founded on January 1, 1912, to govern all of China...

       (1978–1988)
    • Premier - Yu Kuo-hwa
      Yu Kuo-hwa
      Yu Kuo-hwa was the Premier of the Republic of China from 1984 to 1989.-Biography:He was born on 10 January 1914 in Fenghua, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China...

      , President of the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China
      Premier of the Republic of China
      The President of the Executive Yuan , commonly known as the Premier of the Republic of China , is the head of the Executive Yuan, the executive branch of the Republic of China , which currently administers Taiwan, Matsu, and Kinmen. The premier is appointed by the President of the Republic of China...

       (1984–1989)
  • Thailand
    Thailand
    Thailand , officially the Kingdom of Thailand , formerly known as Siam , is a country located at the centre of the Indochina peninsula and Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the...

    -
    • Monarch - Bhumibol Adulyadej
      Bhumibol Adulyadej
      Bhumibol Adulyadej is the current King of Thailand. He is known as Rama IX...

      , King of Thailand (1946–present)
    • Prime Minister - Prem Tinsulanonda
      Prem Tinsulanonda
      General Prem Tinsulanonda is a retired Thai military officer who served as Prime Minister of Thailand from March 3, 1980 to August 4, 1988. He now serves as the Head of the Privy Council of the King of Thailand, Bhumibol Adulyadej....

      , Prime Minister of Thailand
      Prime Minister of Thailand
      The Prime Minister of Thailand is the head of government of Thailand. The Prime Minister is also the chairman of the Cabinet of Thailand. The post has existed since the Revolution of 1932, when the country became a constitutional monarchy....

       (1980–1988)
  • Turkey
    Turkey
    Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...

    -
    • President - Kenan Evren
      Kenan Evren
      Ahmet Kenan Evren was the seventh President of Turkey; a post he assumed by leading the 1980 military coup. He was also the last president to be born in the Ottoman Empire.- Biography :...

      , President of Turkey
      President of Turkey
      The President of Turkey is the head of state of the Republic of Turkey. The presidency is largely a ceremonial office but has some important functions...

       (1982–1989)
    • Prime Minister - Turgut Özal
      Turgut Özal
      Halil Turgut Özal was Prime Minister of Turkey and President of Turkey . As Prime Minister, he transformed the economy of Turkey by paving the way for the privatization of many state enterprises.-Early life and career:...

      , Prime Minister of Turkey
      Prime Minister of Turkey
      The Prime Minister of the Turkey is the head of government in Turkish politics. The prime minister is the leader of a political coalition in the Turkish parliament and the leader of the cabinet....

       (1983–1989)
  • United Arab Emirates
    United Arab Emirates
    The United Arab Emirates, abbreviated as the UAE, or shortened to "the Emirates", is a state situated in the southeast of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman, and Saudi Arabia, and sharing sea borders with Iraq, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, and Iran.The UAE is a...

    -
    • President - Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates
      President of the United Arab Emirates
      The President is the Head of State of the United Arab Emirates. Because the current ruler of Abu Dhabi customarily also holds the presidency of the UAE, the office is de facto hereditary. The President is also Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces and Chairman of the Supreme Council and...

       (1971–2004)
    • Prime Minister - Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum
      Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum
      HH The Emir Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum was the Vice-President and Prime Minister of United Arab Emirates and Emir of Dubai...

      , Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1979–1990)
  • Vietnam
    Vietnam
    Vietnam – sometimes spelled Viet Nam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam – is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea –...

    -
    • Communist Party Leader - Nguyễn Văn Linh
      Nguyen Van Linh
      Nguyễn Văn Linh was a Vietnamese revolutionary and politician. He was the general secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam from 1986 to 1991 and a political leader of the Vietcong during the Vietnam War...

      , General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam
      General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam
      The General Secretary is the leader of the Communist Party of Vietnam. The activities of Politburo and Secretariat are directed by the General Secretary. The post holder also maintains the top position in the Party's Central Military Commission, which is considered the supreme military...

       (1986–1991)
    • Head of State -
      1. Trường Chinh
        Truong Chinh
        Trường Chinh Trường Chinh Trường Chinh (pseudonym meaning “Long March”, born Đặng Xuân Khu (b. February 9, 1907 in Xuân Trường District, Nam Định Province, d. September 30, 1988 in Hanoi) was a Vietnamese communist political leader and theoretician. From 1941 to 1957, he was Vietnam's second-ranked...

        , Chairman of the State Council of Vietnam
        President of Vietnam
        The President of Vietnam is the head of state of Vietnam, although the functions of the President are often ceremonial...

         (1981–1987)
      2. Võ Chí Công
        Vo Chi Cong
        Võ Chí Công was a Vietnamese Communist political figure and one-time President of Vietnam.-Early life and political activities:Võ Chí Công was born Võ Toàn in Quảng Nam Province, Vietnam, in 1912...

        , Chairman of the State Council of Vietnam
        President of Vietnam
        The President of Vietnam is the head of state of Vietnam, although the functions of the President are often ceremonial...

         (1987–1992)
    • Premier -
      1. Phạm Văn Đồng, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Vietnam
        Prime Minister of Vietnam
        -Office:The Prime Minister of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is the head of the executive branch of the Vietnamese government. The Prime Minister presides over the Vietnamese cabinet, and is responsible for appointing and supervising ministers...

         (1955–1987)
      2. Phạm Hùng, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Vietnam
        Prime Minister of Vietnam
        -Office:The Prime Minister of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is the head of the executive branch of the Vietnamese government. The Prime Minister presides over the Vietnamese cabinet, and is responsible for appointing and supervising ministers...

         (1987–1988)
  • North Yemen (Yemen Arab Republic)
    Yemen Arab Republic
    The Yemen Arab Republic , also known as North Yemen or Yemen , was a country from 1962 to 1990 in the western part of what is now Yemen...

    • President - Ali Abdullah Saleh
      Ali Abdullah Saleh
      Field Marshal Ali Abdullah Saleh is the first President of the Republic of Yemen. Saleh previously served as President of the Yemen Arab Republic from 1978 until 1990, at which time he assumed the office of chairman of the Presidential Council of a post-unification Yemen. He is the...

      , President of North Yemen (1978–present)
    • Prime Minister - Abdul Aziz Abdul Ghani
      Abdul Aziz Abdul Ghani
      Abdul Aziz Abdul Ghani was a Yemeni politician who served as Prime Minister of Yemen from 1994 to 1997, under President Ali Abdullah Saleh. Ghani was a member of the General People's Congress party....

      , Prime Minister of North Yemen (1983–1990)
  • South Yemen (People's Democratic Republic of Yemen)
    People's Democratic Republic of Yemen
    The People's Democratic Republic of Yemen — also referred to as South Yemen, Democratic Yemen or Yemen — was a socialist republic in the present-day southern and eastern Provinces of Yemen...

    • Communist Party Leader - Ali Salim al-Beidh, Secretary-General of the Yemeni Socialist Party
      Yemeni Socialist Party
      The Yemeni Socialist Party is a political party in Yemen.It was the ruling party in South Yemen, the only Marxist Arab state, before unification in 1990...

       (1986–1990)
    • Head of State - Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas
      Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas
      Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas was appointed Prime Minister of Yemen by President Ali Abdullah Saleh when the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen and Yemen Arab Republic united in 1990 to form present-day Yemen. Al-Attas served until 1994...

      , Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Council of South Yemen (1986–1990)
    • Prime Minister - Yasin Said Numan
      Yasin Said Numan
      Yasin Said Numan was the Prime Minister of the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen from February 1986 until the Yemeni unification in 1990, under Chairman Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas, who preceded Numan as Prime Minister. Numan had previously been Minister of Fisheries and Deputy Prime...

      , Prime Minister of South Yemen (1986–1990)

Europe

  • Albania -
    • Communist Party Leader - Ramiz Alia
      Ramiz Alia
      was the second and last communist leader of Albania from 1985-91, and the President of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania from 1991 to 1992, and also the first President of the post communist Albania elected in 1991-92. He had been designated as successor by Enver Hoxha and took power after...

      , First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor (1985–1991)
    • Head of State - Ramiz Alia
      Ramiz Alia
      was the second and last communist leader of Albania from 1985-91, and the President of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania from 1991 to 1992, and also the first President of the post communist Albania elected in 1991-92. He had been designated as successor by Enver Hoxha and took power after...

      , Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania (1982–1991)
    • Premier - Adil Çarçani
      Adil Çarçani
      Adil Çarçani was an Albanian politician in the Communist regime led by Enver Hoxha. He served as the titular head of the Albanian government in the years immediately preceding the fall of the Communist regime....

      , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Albania (1981–1991)
  • Andorra
    Andorra
    Andorra , officially the Principality of Andorra , also called the Principality of the Valleys of Andorra, , is a small landlocked country in southwestern Europe, located in the eastern Pyrenees mountains and bordered by Spain and France. It is the sixth smallest nation in Europe having an area of...

    -
    • Monarchs -
      • French Co-Prince - François Mitterrand
        François Mitterrand
        François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand was the 21st President of the French Republic and ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra, serving from 1981 until 1995. He is the longest-serving President of France and, as leader of the Socialist Party, the only figure from the left so far elected President...

        , French Co-Prince of Andorra (1981–1995)
      • Episcopal Co-Prince - Joan Martí i Alanis, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1971–2003)
    • Prime Minister - Josep Pintat-Solans
      Josep Pintat-Solans
      Josep Pintat-Solans was the second Head of Government of Andorra. A local business executive, he was unanimously elected Head of Government by the General Council of Andorra and began serving on May 21, 1984; Pintat-Solans was re-elected in January 1986, receiving the votes of 27 of the General...

      , Head of Government of Andorra
      Head of Government of Andorra
      The Head of Government is the chief executive of the government of the Principality of Andorra.The current Cap de Govern is Antoni Martí.-Heads of Government:-See also:*List of Co-Princes of Andorra...

       (1984–1990)
  • Austria
    Austria
    Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...

    -
    • President - Kurt Waldheim
      Kurt Waldheim
      Kurt Josef Waldheim was an Austrian diplomat and politician. Waldheim was the fourth Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1972 to 1981, and the ninth President of Austria, from 1986 to 1992...

      , Federal President of Austria
      President of Austria
      The President of Austria is the federal head of state of Austria. Though theoretically entrusted with great power by the constitution, in practice the President acts, for the most part, merely as a ceremonial figurehead...

       (1986–1992)
    • Chancellor - Franz Vranitzky
      Franz Vranitzky
      Franz Vranitzky is an Austrian politician. A member of the Social Democratic Party of Austria , he was Chancellor of Austria from 1986 to 1997.-Early life and career:...

      , Federal Chancellor of Austria
      Chancellor of Austria
      The Federal Chancellor is the head of government in Austria. Its deputy is the Vice-Chancellor. Before 1918, the equivalent office was the Minister-President of Austria. The Federal Chancellor is considered to be the most powerful political position in Austrian politics.-Appointment:The...

       (1986–1997)
  • Belgium
    Belgium
    Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...

    -
    • Monarch - Baudouin I, King of the Belgians (1951–1993)
    • Prime Minister - Wilfried Martens
      Wilfried Martens
      Wilfried Martens is a Belgian politician. He was born in Sleidinge . Martens was the 44th Prime Minister of Belgium from 3 April 1979 to 6 April 1981 and 17 December 1981 to 7 March 1992....

      , Prime Minister of Belgium (1981–1992)
  • Bulgaria -
    • Communist Party Leader - Todor Zhivkov
      Todor Zhivkov
      Todor Khristov Zhivkov was a communist politician and leader of the People's Republic of Bulgaria from March 4, 1954 until November 10, 1989....

      , General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party
      Bulgarian Communist Party
      The Bulgarian Communist Party was the communist and Marxist-Leninist ruling party of the People's Republic of Bulgaria from 1946 until 1990 when the country ceased to be a communist state...

       (1954–1989)
    • Head of State - Todor Zhivkov
      Todor Zhivkov
      Todor Khristov Zhivkov was a communist politician and leader of the People's Republic of Bulgaria from March 4, 1954 until November 10, 1989....

      , Chairman of the State Council of Bulgaria (1971–1989)
    • Premier - Georgi Atanasov
      Georgi Atanasov
      Georgi Ivanov Atanasov was a leading member of the Bulgarian Communist Party who served as Prime Minister from 1986-1990. Atanasov supported the move to oust Todor Zhivkov as Chairman of the State Council, joining Petar Mladenov in leading the opposition...

      , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1986–1990)
  • Cyprus
    Cyprus
    Cyprus , officially the Republic of Cyprus , is a Eurasian island country, member of the European Union, in the Eastern Mediterranean, east of Greece, south of Turkey, west of Syria and north of Egypt. It is the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.The earliest known human activity on the...

    -
    • President - Spyros Kyprianou
      Spyros Kyprianou
      Spyros Achilleos Kyprianou was one of the most prominent politicians of modern Cyprus. He served as the second President of the Republic of Cyprus from 1977 to 1988....

      , President of Cyprus (1977–1988)
    • Northern Cyprus (unrecognized, secessionist state)
      • President - Rauf Denktaş
        Rauf Denktas
        Rauf Raif Denktaş is the founder and the first president of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus , a de facto state which is only recognized by Turkey...

        , President of Northern Cyprus
        President of Northern Cyprus
        The President of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is the head of state of the TRNC. Rauf Denktaş was the first and founder president of TRNC, and retired in 2005. His position was taken over by Mehmet Ali Talat, followed by the current president, Derviş Eroğlu.In the Turkish Republic of...

         (1975–2005)
      • Prime Minister - Derviş Eroğlu
        Dervis Eroglu
        Dr. Derviş Eroğlu is the President of the unrecognized Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. He was Prime Minister of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus from 1985 to 1994 and from 1996 to 2004, and leader of the National Unity Party. His party won the general elections in 2009 and Eroğlu...

        , Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus
        Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus
        The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President is head of state and the Prime Minister head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative...

         (1985–1994)
  • Czechoslovakia
    Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
    The Czechoslovak Socialist Republic was the official name of Czechoslovakia from 1960 until end of 1989 , a Soviet satellite state of the Eastern Bloc....

    -
    • Communist Party Leader -
      1. Gustáv Husák
        Gustáv Husák
        Gustáv Husák was a Slovak politician, president of Czechoslovakia and a long-term Communist leader of Czechoslovakia and of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia...

        , General Secretary of the Communisty Party of Czechoslovakia
        Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
        The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, in Czech and in Slovak: Komunistická strana Československa was a Communist and Marxist-Leninist political party in Czechoslovakia that existed between 1921 and 1992....

         (1969–1987)
      2. Miloš Jakeš, General Secretary of the Communisty Party of Czechoslovakia
        Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
        The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, in Czech and in Slovak: Komunistická strana Československa was a Communist and Marxist-Leninist political party in Czechoslovakia that existed between 1921 and 1992....

         (1987–1989)
    • President - Gustáv Husák
      Gustáv Husák
      Gustáv Husák was a Slovak politician, president of Czechoslovakia and a long-term Communist leader of Czechoslovakia and of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia...

      , President of Czechoslovakia (1975–1989)
    • Prime Minister - Lubomír Štrougal
      Lubomír Štrougal
      Lubomír Štrougal is a former Czech politician and communist Czechoslovakia prime minister.After serving in Germany’s industry during the World War II he finished the law studies at the Charles University in Prague...

      , Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1970–1988)
  • Denmark
    Kingdom of Denmark
    The Kingdom of Denmark or the Danish Realm , is a constitutional monarchy and sovereign state consisting of Denmark proper in northern Europe and two autonomous constituent countries, the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic and Greenland in North America. Denmark is the hegemonial part, where the...

    • Monarch - Margrethe II
      Margrethe II of Denmark
      Margrethe II is the Queen regnant of the Kingdom of Denmark. In 1972 she became the first female monarch of Denmark since Margaret I, ruler of the Scandinavian countries in 1375-1412 during the Kalmar Union.-Early life:...

      , Queen of Denmark (1972–present)
    • Prime Minister - Poul Schlüter
      Poul Schlüter
      Poul Holmskov Schlüter is a Danish politician, who served as Prime Minister of Denmark from 1982 to 1993.Born in Tønder, south Jutland, he graduated from the University of Copenhagen in 1957 with a degree in law, and joined the bar in 1960. Schlüter was a member of the Danish Parliament for the...

      , Prime Minister of Denmark
      Prime Minister of Denmark
      The Prime Minister of Denmark is the head of government in Danish politics. The Prime Minister is traditionally the leader of a political coalition in the Folketing and presides over the cabinet....

       (1982–1993)
  • Finland
    Finland
    Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.Around 5.4 million people reside...

    • President - Mauno Koivisto
      Mauno Koivisto
      Mauno Henrik Koivisto is a Finnish politician who served as the ninth President of Finland from 1982 to 1994. He also served as Prime Minister 1968–1970 and 1979–1982...

      , President of Finland
      President of Finland
      The President of the Republic of Finland is the nation's head of state. Under the Finnish constitution, executive power is vested in the President and the government, with the President possessing extensive powers. The President is elected directly by the people of Finland for a term of six years....

       (1982–1994)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Kalevi Sorsa
        Kalevi Sorsa
        Taisto Kalevi Sorsa was a Finnish politician who was Prime Minister of Finland four times: 1972–1975, 1977–1979, 1982–1983 and 1983–1987 and at the date of his death still held the Finnish record of most days of incumbency as prime minister...

        , Prime Minister of Finland
        Prime Minister of Finland
        The Prime Minister is the Head of Government of Finland. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President, who is the Head of State. The current Prime Minister is Jyrki Katainen of the National Coalition Party.-Overview:...

         (1982–1987)
      2. Harri Holkeri, Prime Minister of Finland
        Prime Minister of Finland
        The Prime Minister is the Head of Government of Finland. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President, who is the Head of State. The current Prime Minister is Jyrki Katainen of the National Coalition Party.-Overview:...

         (1987–1991)
  • France
    France
    The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...

    -
    • President - François Mitterrand
      François Mitterrand
      François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand was the 21st President of the French Republic and ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra, serving from 1981 until 1995. He is the longest-serving President of France and, as leader of the Socialist Party, the only figure from the left so far elected President...

      , President of France (1981–1995)
    • Prime Minister - Jacques Chirac
      Jacques Chirac
      Jacques René Chirac is a French politician who served as President of France from 1995 to 2007. He previously served as Prime Minister of France from 1974 to 1976 and from 1986 to 1988 , and as Mayor of Paris from 1977 to 1995.After completing his studies of the DEA's degree at the...

      , Prime Minister of France
      Prime Minister of France
      The Prime Minister of France in the Fifth Republic is the head of government and of the Council of Ministers of France. The head of state is the President of the French Republic...

       (1986–1988)
  • East Germany (German Democratic Republic) -
    • Communist Party Leader - Erich Honecker
      Erich Honecker
      Erich Honecker was a German communist politician who led the German Democratic Republic as General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party from 1971 until 1989, serving as Head of State as well from Willi Stoph's relinquishment of that post in 1976....

      , General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (1971–1989)
    • Head of State - Erich Honecker
      Erich Honecker
      Erich Honecker was a German communist politician who led the German Democratic Republic as General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party from 1971 until 1989, serving as Head of State as well from Willi Stoph's relinquishment of that post in 1976....

      , Chairman of the Council of State of East Germany (1976–1989)
    • Premier - Willi Stoph
      Willi Stoph
      Willi Stoph was an East German politician. He served as Prime Minister of the German Democratic Republic from 1964 to 1973, and again from 1976 until 1989.-Biography:...

      , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of East Germany (1976–1989)
  • West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany)
    West Germany
    West Germany is the common English, but not official, name for the Federal Republic of Germany or FRG in the period between its creation in May 1949 to German reunification on 3 October 1990....

    -
    • President - Richard von Weizsäcker
      Richard von Weizsäcker
      Richard Karl Freiherr von Weizsäcker , known as Richard von Weizsäcker, is a German politician . He served as Governing Mayor of West Berlin from 1981 to 1984, and as President of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1984 to 1994...

      , Federal President of West Germany
      President of Germany
      The President of the Federal Republic of Germany is the country's head of state. His official title in German is Bundespräsident . Germany has a parliamentary system of government and so the position of President is largely ceremonial...

       (1984–1994)
    • Chancellor - Helmut Kohl
      Helmut Kohl
      Helmut Josef Michael Kohl is a German conservative politician and statesman. He was Chancellor of Germany from 1982 to 1998 and the chairman of the Christian Democratic Union from 1973 to 1998...

      , Federal Chancellor of West Germany (1982–1998)
  • Greece
    Greece
    Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe....

    -
    • President - Christos Sartzetakis
      Christos Sartzetakis
      Christos Sartzetakis is a Greek jurist and former supreme justice of the Court of Cassation , who served as the fourth President of the Third Hellenic Republic from 1985 to 1990. He was born in Neapoli, Thessaloniki in 1929...

      , President of Greece
      President of Greece
      The President of the Hellenic Republic , colloquially referred to in English as the President of Greece, is the head of state of Greece. The office of the President of the Republic was established after the Greek republic referendum, 1974 and formally by the Constitution of Greece in 1975. The...

       (1985–1990)
    • Prime Minister- Andreas Papandreou
      Andreas Papandreou
      Andreas G. Papandreou ; 5 February 1919 – 23 June 1996) was a Greek economist, a socialist politician and a dominant figure in Greek politics. The son of Georgios Papandreou, Andreas was a Harvard-trained academic...

      , Prime Minister of Greece
      Prime Minister of Greece
      The Prime Minister of Greece , officially the Prime Minister of the Hellenic Republic , is the head of government of the Hellenic Republic and the leader of the Greek cabinet. The current interim Prime Minister is Lucas Papademos, a former Vice President of the European Central Bank, following...

       (1981–1989)
  • Hungary
    People's Republic of Hungary
    The People's Republic of Hungary or Hungarian People's Republic was the official state name of Hungary from 1949 to 1989 during its Communist period under the guidance of the Soviet Union. The state remained in existence until 1989 when opposition forces consolidated in forcing the regime to...

    • Communist Party Leader - János Kádár
      János Kádár
      János Kádár was a Hungarian communist leader and the General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party, presiding over the country from 1956 until his forced retirement in 1988. His thirty-two year term as General Secretary makes Kádár the longest ruler of the People's Republic of Hungary...

      , General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party
      Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party
      The Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party was the ruling Marxist–Leninist party of Hungary between 1956 and 1989. It was organised from elements of the Hungarian Working People's Party during the 1956 Hungarian Revolution...

       (1956–1988)
    • President -
      1. Pál Losonczi
        Pál Losonczi
        Pál Losonczi was a Hungarian Communist political figure. He was Chairman of the Hungarian Presidential Council from 1967 to 1987....

        , Chairman of the Presidential Council of Hungary (1967–1987)
      2. Károly Németh
        Károly Németh
        Károly Németh was a Hungarian political figure born in Páka. He served as the Chairman of the Hungarian Presidential Council from 25 June 1987 to 29 June 1988.-References:...

        , Chairman of the Presidential Council of Hungary (1987–1988)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. György Lázár
        György Lázár
        György Lázár is a former Hungarian Communist politician who served as Chairman of the Council of Ministers from 1975 to 1987. He was retired in 1988.- Sources :* Any Hungarian high school book *...

        , President of the Council of Ministers of Hungary (1975–1987)
      2. Károly Grósz
        Károly Grósz
        Károly Grósz was a Hungarian communist politician.Grósz was born in Miskolc, Hungary. He joined the Communist Party in 1945 at the age of 14. Soon the Communists had established a regime in Hungary, and Grósz rose through the party ranks, becoming an important party leader in his native region...

        , President of the Council of Ministers of Hungary (1987–1988)
  • Iceland
    Iceland
    Iceland , described as the Republic of Iceland, is a Nordic and European island country in the North Atlantic Ocean, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Iceland also refers to the main island of the country, which contains almost all the population and almost all the land area. The country has a population...

    • President - Vigdís Finnbogadóttir
      Vigdís Finnbogadóttir
      Vigdís Finnbogadóttir is an Icelandic politician who served as the fourth President of Iceland from 1980 to 1996. In addition to being both Iceland's and Europe's first female president, she was the world's first democratically elected female head of state...

      , President of Iceland
      President of Iceland
      The President of Iceland is Iceland's elected head of state. The president is elected to a four-year term by universal adult suffrage and has limited powers. The president is not the head of government; the Prime Minister of Iceland is the head of government. There have been five presidents since...

       (1980–1996)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Steingrímur Hermannsson
        Steingrímur Hermannsson
        Steingrímur Hermannsson was Prime Minister of Iceland.-Early childhood:Steingrímur's father was Hermann Jónasson, another former Prime Minister. Being the son a prominent official, Steingrímur enjoyed a relatively care-free upbringing in a country stricken by the Great Depression...

        , Prime Minister of Iceland
        Prime Minister of Iceland
        The Prime Minister of Iceland is Iceland's head of government. The prime minister is appointed formally by the President and exercises executive authority along with the cabinet subject to parliamentary support....

         (1983–1987)
      2. Þorsteinn Pálsson
        Þorsteinn Pálsson
        Þorsteinn Pálsson or Thorsteinn Pálsson is a former Prime Minister of Iceland for the Independence Party. He served from 8 July 1987 to 28 September 1988...

        , Prime Minister of Iceland
        Prime Minister of Iceland
        The Prime Minister of Iceland is Iceland's head of government. The prime minister is appointed formally by the President and exercises executive authority along with the cabinet subject to parliamentary support....

         (1987–1988)
  • Ireland
    Republic of Ireland
    Ireland , described as the Republic of Ireland , is a sovereign state in Europe occupying approximately five-sixths of the island of the same name. Its capital is Dublin. Ireland, which had a population of 4.58 million in 2011, is a constitutional republic governed as a parliamentary democracy,...

    • President - Patrick Hillery
      Patrick Hillery
      Patrick John "Paddy" Hillery was an Irish politician and the sixth President of Ireland from 1976 until 1990. First elected at the 1951 general election as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála for Clare, he remained in Dáil Éireann until 1973...

      , President of Ireland
      President of Ireland
      The President of Ireland is the head of state of Ireland. The President is usually directly elected by the people for seven years, and can be elected for a maximum of two terms. The presidency is largely a ceremonial office, but the President does exercise certain limited powers with absolute...

       (1976–1990)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Garret FitzGerald
        Garret FitzGerald
        Garret FitzGerald was an Irish politician who was twice Taoiseach of Ireland, serving in office from July 1981 to February 1982 and again from December 1982 to March 1987. FitzGerald was elected to Seanad Éireann in 1965 and was subsequently elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fine Gael TD in 1969. He...

        , Taoiseach of Ireland
        Taoiseach
        The Taoiseach is the head of government or prime minister of Ireland. The Taoiseach is appointed by the President upon the nomination of Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Oireachtas , and must, in order to remain in office, retain the support of a majority in the Dáil.The current Taoiseach is...

         (1982–1987)
      2. Charles Haughey
        Charles Haughey
        Charles James "Charlie" Haughey was Taoiseach of Ireland, serving three terms in office . He was also the fourth leader of Fianna Fáil...

        , Taoiseach of Ireland
        Taoiseach
        The Taoiseach is the head of government or prime minister of Ireland. The Taoiseach is appointed by the President upon the nomination of Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Oireachtas , and must, in order to remain in office, retain the support of a majority in the Dáil.The current Taoiseach is...

         (1987–1992)
  • Italy
    Italy
    Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...

    -
    • President - Francesco Cossiga
      Francesco Cossiga
      Francesco Cossiga was an Italian politician, the 43rd Prime Minister and the eighth President of the Italian Republic. He was also a professor of constitutional law at the University of Sassari....

      , President of Italy (1985–1992)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Bettino Craxi
        Bettino Craxi
        Benedetto Craxi was an Italian politician, head of the Italian Socialist Party from 1976 to 1993, the first socialist President of the Council of Ministers of Italy from 1983 to 1987.-Political career:...

        , President of the Council of Ministers of Italy
        Prime minister of Italy
        The Prime Minister of Italy is the head of government of the Italian Republic...

         (1983–1987)
      2. Amintore Fanfani
        Amintore Fanfani
        Amintore Fanfani was an Italian career politician and the 33rd man to serve the office of Prime Minister of the State. He was one of the well-known Italian politicians after the Second World War, and a historical figure of the Christian Democracy .Fanfani and Giovanni Giolitti are still actually...

        , President of the Council of Ministers of Italy
        Prime minister of Italy
        The Prime Minister of Italy is the head of government of the Italian Republic...

         (1987)
      3. Giovanni Goria
        Giovanni Goria
        Giovanni Giuseppe Goria was an Italian politician. He served as the 47th Prime Minister of Italy from 1987 until 1988.-Biography:Goria was born in Asti ....

        , President of the Council of Ministers of Italy
        Prime minister of Italy
        The Prime Minister of Italy is the head of government of the Italian Republic...

         (1987–1988)
  • Liechtenstein
    Liechtenstein
    The Principality of Liechtenstein is a doubly landlocked alpine country in Central Europe, bordered by Switzerland to the west and south and by Austria to the east. Its area is just over , and it has an estimated population of 35,000. Its capital is Vaduz. The biggest town is Schaan...

    -
    • Monarch - Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1938–1989)
    • Regent - Prince Hans-Adam, Regent of Liechtenstein (1984–1989)
    • Prime Minister - Hans Brunhart
      Hans Brunhart
      Hans Brunhart was the Head of Government, foreign minister and finance minister of the principality of Liechtenstein from April 26, 1978 until May 26, 1993. He was a member of the Patriotic Union party , a liberal and social oriented party...

      , Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1978–1993)
  • Luxembourg
    Luxembourg
    Luxembourg , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. It has two principal regions: the Oesling in the North as part of the Ardennes massif, and the Gutland in the south...

    -
    • Monarch - Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
      Grand Duke of Luxembourg
      The Grand Duke of Luxembourg is the sovereign monarch and head of state of Luxembourg. Luxembourg has been a grand duchy since 15 March 1815, when it was elevated from a duchy when placed in personal union with the United Kingdom of the Netherlands...

       (1964–2000)
    • Prime Minister - Jacques Santer, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1984–1995)
  • Malta
    Malta
    Malta , officially known as the Republic of Malta , is a Southern European country consisting of an archipelago situated in the centre of the Mediterranean, south of Sicily, east of Tunisia and north of Libya, with Gibraltar to the west and Alexandria to the east.Malta covers just over in...

    -
    • President -
      1. Agatha Barbara
        Agatha Barbara
        Agatha Barbara was a Maltese politician, having served as a Labour Member of Parliament and Minister, and President of Malta. She was the first and, to date, the only female President of Malta.-Early life:...

        , President of Malta
        President of Malta
        The President of Malta is the constitutional head of state of Malta.The President is appointed by a resolution of the House of Representatives of Malta for a five year term, taking an oath to "preserve, protect and defend" the Constitution....

         (1982–1987)
      2. Paul Xuereb
        Paul Xuereb
        Paul Xuereb , was the Speaker of the House of Representatives of Malta July, 1986 - February, 1987 and Acting President of Malta between February 16, 1987 - April 4, 1989....

        , Acting President of Malta
        President of Malta
        The President of Malta is the constitutional head of state of Malta.The President is appointed by a resolution of the House of Representatives of Malta for a five year term, taking an oath to "preserve, protect and defend" the Constitution....

         (1987–1989)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Karmenu Mifsud Bonnici
        Karmenu Mifsud Bonnici
        Carmelo Bonnici was the Prime Minister of Malta from 1984 to 1987. He is a member of the Labour Party. He studied law at the University of Malta and is known to be an expert in industrial relations law.-Early politics:Mifsud Bonnici was from a family that staunchly supported the Partit...

        , Prime Minister of Malta
        Prime Minister of Malta
        The Prime Minister of Malta is the Head of Government of Malta.-Establishment of the office and developments:The office of "Head of Ministry" was created as soon as Malta was granted autonomous government in 1921. The 1921 constitution was suspended twice before being revoked...

         (1984–1987)
      2. Eddie Fenech Adami
        Eddie Fenech Adami
        Edward “Eddie” Fenech Adami is a Maltese politician who was Prime Minister of Malta from 1987 until 1996 and again from 1998 until 2004...

        , Prime Minister of Malta
        Prime Minister of Malta
        The Prime Minister of Malta is the Head of Government of Malta.-Establishment of the office and developments:The office of "Head of Ministry" was created as soon as Malta was granted autonomous government in 1921. The 1921 constitution was suspended twice before being revoked...

         (1987–1996)
  • Monaco
    Monaco
    Monaco , officially the Principality of Monaco , is a sovereign city state on the French Riviera. It is bordered on three sides by its neighbour, France, and its centre is about from Italy. Its area is with a population of 35,986 as of 2011 and is the most densely populated country in the...

    -
    • Monarch - Rainier III
      Rainier III, Prince of Monaco
      Rainier III, Prince of Monaco , styled His Serene Highness The Sovereign Prince of Monaco, ruled the Principality of Monaco for almost 56 years, making him one of the longest ruling monarchs of the 20th century.Though he was best known outside of Europe for having married American...

      , Prince of Monaco
      Prince of Monaco
      The Reigning Prince or Princess of Monaco is the sovereign monarch and head of state of the Principality of Monaco. All Princes or Princesses thus far have taken the name of the House of Grimaldi, but have belonged to various other houses in male line...

       (1949–2005)
    • Head of Government - Jean Ausseil
      Jean Ausseil
      Jean Ausseil was a Minister of State for Monaco. He served between 1985 and 1991. He was born in 1925 and died in 2001. -References:...

      , Minister of State of Monaco (1985–1991)
  • Kingdom of the Netherlands
    Kingdom of the Netherlands
    The Kingdom of the Netherlands is a sovereign state and constitutional monarchy with territory in Western Europe and in the Caribbean. The four parts of the Kingdom—Aruba, Curaçao, the Netherlands, and Sint Maarten—are referred to as "countries", and participate on a basis of equality...

    • Monarch - Beatrix
      Beatrix of the Netherlands
      Beatrix is the Queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands comprising the Netherlands, Curaçao, Sint Maarten, and Aruba. She is the first daughter of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands and Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld. She studied law at Leiden University...

      , Queen of the Netherlands
      Monarchy of the Netherlands
      The Netherlands has been an independent monarchy since 16 March 1815, and has been governed by members of the House of Orange-Nassau since.-Constitutional role and position of the monarch:...

       (1980–present)
    • Netherlands
      Netherlands
      The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...

       (constituent country)
      • Prime Minister - Ruud Lubbers
        Ruud Lubbers
        Rudolphus Franciscus Marie "Ruud" Lubbers is a retired Dutch politician of the Christian Democratic Appeal . He served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from November 4, 1982 until August 22, 1994....

        , Prime Minister of the Netherlands
        Prime Minister of the Netherlands
        The Prime Minister of the Netherlands is the chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Netherlands. He is the de facto head of government of the Netherlands and coordinates the policy of the government...

         (1982–1994)
    • Netherlands Antilles
      Netherlands Antilles
      The Netherlands Antilles , also referred to informally as the Dutch Antilles, was an autonomous Caribbean country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, consisting of two groups of islands in the Lesser Antilles: Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao , in Leeward Antilles just off the Venezuelan coast; and Sint...

       (constituent country)
      • see under North America
    • Aruba
      Aruba
      Aruba is a 33 km-long island of the Lesser Antilles in the southern Caribbean Sea, located 27 km north of the coast of Venezuela and 130 km east of Guajira Peninsula...

       (constituent country)
      • see under North America
  • Norway
    Norway
    Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...

    -
    • Monarch - Olav V
      Olav V of Norway
      Olav V was the king of Norway from 1957 until his death. A member of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, Olav was born in the United Kingdom as the son of King Haakon VII of Norway and Queen Maud of Norway...

      , King of Norway (1957–1991)
    • Prime Minister - Gro Harlem Brundtland
      Gro Harlem Brundtland
      Gro Harlem Brundtland is a Norwegian Social democratic politician, diplomat, and physician, and an international leader in sustainable development and public health. She served three terms as Prime Minister of Norway , and has served as the Director General of the World Health Organization...

      , Prime Minister of Norway
      Prime Minister of Norway
      The Prime Minister of Norway is the political leader of Norway and the Head of His Majesty's Government. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Sovereign, to Stortinget , to their political party, and ultimately the...

       (1986–1989)
  • Poland
    People's Republic of Poland
    The People's Republic of Poland was the official name of Poland from 1952 to 1990. Although the Soviet Union took control of the country immediately after the liberation from Nazi Germany in 1944, the name of the state was not changed until eight years later...

    • Communist Party Leader - Wojciech Jaruzelski
      Wojciech Jaruzelski
      Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski is a retired Polish military officer and Communist politician. He was the last Communist leader of Poland from 1981 to 1989, Prime Minister from 1981 to 1985 and the country's head of state from 1985 to 1990. He was also the last commander-in-chief of the Polish People's...

      , First Secretary of the Central Committee of Polish United Workers' Party (1981–1989)
    • President - Wojciech Jaruzelski
      Wojciech Jaruzelski
      Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski is a retired Polish military officer and Communist politician. He was the last Communist leader of Poland from 1981 to 1989, Prime Minister from 1981 to 1985 and the country's head of state from 1985 to 1990. He was also the last commander-in-chief of the Polish People's...

      , President of Poland (1985–1990)
    • Premier - Zbigniew Messner
      Zbigniew Messner
      Zbigniew Messner was a Communist economist and politician in Poland. In 1972, he became Professor of Karol Adamiecki University of Economics in Katowice...

      , President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1985–1988)
  • Portugal
    Portugal
    Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...

    -
    • President - Mário Soares
      Mário Soares
      Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares, GColTE, GCC, GColL, KE , Portuguese politician, served as Prime Minister of Portugal from 1976 to 1978 and from 1983 to 1985, and subsequently as the 17th President of Portugal from 1986 to 1996.-Family:...

      , President of Portugal
      President of Portugal
      Portugal has been a republic since 1910, and since that time the head of state has been the president, whose official title is President of the Portuguese Republic ....

       (1986–1996)
    • Prime Minister - Aníbal Cavaco Silva
      Aníbal Cavaco Silva
      Aníbal António Cavaco Silva, GCC , is the President of Portugal. He won the Portuguese presidential election on 22 January 2006 and was re-elected on 23 January 2011, for a second five-year term. Cavaco Silva was sworn in on 9 March 2006....

      , Prime Minister of Portugal
      Prime Minister of Portugal
      Prime Minister is the current title of the chief of the Portuguese Government. As chief executive, the Prime Minister coordinates the action of ministers, representing the Government from the other organs of state, accountable to Parliament and keeps the President informed...

       (1985–1995)
  • Romania
    Communist Romania
    Communist Romania was the period in Romanian history when that country was a Soviet-aligned communist state in the Eastern Bloc, with the dominant role of Romanian Communist Party enshrined in its successive constitutions...

    -
    • Communist Party Leader - Nicolae Ceauşescu
      Nicolae Ceausescu
      Nicolae Ceaușescu was a Romanian Communist politician. He was General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party from 1965 to 1989, and as such was the country's second and last Communist leader...

      , General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party
      Romanian Communist Party
      The Romanian Communist Party was a communist political party in Romania. Successor to the Bolshevik wing of the Socialist Party of Romania, it gave ideological endorsement to communist revolution and the disestablishment of Greater Romania. The PCR was a minor and illegal grouping for much of the...

       (1965–1989)
    • President - Nicolae Ceauşescu
      Nicolae Ceausescu
      Nicolae Ceaușescu was a Romanian Communist politician. He was General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party from 1965 to 1989, and as such was the country's second and last Communist leader...

      , President of Romania (1967–1989)
    • Premier - Constantin Dăscălescu
      Constantin Dascalescu
      Constantin Dăscălescu was a Romanian politician who served as Prime Minister of Romania during the communist rule of Nicolae Ceauşescu until the 1989 Romanian Revolution.In 1991, after the revolution, he was sentenced to life in prison...

      , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Romania
      Prime Minister of Romania
      The Prime Minister of Romania is the head of the Government of Romania. Initially, the office was styled President of the Council of Ministers , when the term "Government" included more than the Cabinet, and the Cabinet was called The Council of Ministers...

       (1982–1989)
  • San Marino
    San Marino
    San Marino, officially the Republic of San Marino , is a state situated on the Italian Peninsula on the eastern side of the Apennine Mountains. It is an enclave surrounded by Italy. Its size is just over with an estimated population of over 30,000. Its capital is the City of San Marino...

    -
    • Captains-Regent -
      1. Giuseppe Arzilli
        Giuseppe Arzilli
        Giuseppe Arzilli was Captain Regent of San Marino.He served the six-month terms from October 1986 to April 1987, from October 1999 to April 2000, and from October 2004 to April 2005. He is a member of the San Marinese Christian Democratic Party.-External links:*...

         and Maurizio Tomassoni, Captains Regent of San Marino (1986–1987)
      2. Renzo Renzi and Carlo Franciosi, Captains Regent of San Marino (1987)
      3. Rossano Zafferani and Gian Franco Terenzi, Captains Regent of San Marino (1987–1988)
  • Soviet Union
    Soviet Union
    The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

    -
    • Communist Party Leader - Mikhail Gorbachev
      Mikhail Gorbachev
      Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev is a former Soviet statesman, having served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991, and as the last head of state of the USSR, having served from 1988 until its dissolution in 1991...

      , General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
      General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
      General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the title given to the leader of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. With some exceptions, the office was synonymous with leader of the Soviet Union...

       (1985–1991)
    • Head of State - Andrei Gromyko
      Andrei Gromyko
      Andrei Andreyevich Gromyko was a Soviet statesman during the Cold War. He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs and as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet . Gromyko was responsible for many top decisions on Soviet foreign policy until he retired in 1987. In the West he was given the...

      , Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1985–1988)
    • Premier - Nikolai Ryzhkov
      Nikolai Ryzhkov
      Nikolai Ivanovich Ryzhkov was a Soviet official who became a Russian politician following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. He served as the last Chairman of the Council of Ministers or Premier of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991...

      , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union
      Premier of the Soviet Union
      The office of Premier of the Soviet Union was synonymous with head of government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics . Twelve individuals have been premier...

       (1985–1991)
  • Spain
    Spain
    Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...

    • Monarch - Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975–present)
    • Prime Minister - Felipe González
      Felipe González
      Felipe González Márquez is a Spanish socialist politician. He was the General Secretary of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party from 1974 to 1997. To date, he remains the longest-serving Prime Minister of Spain, after having served four successive mandates from 1982 to 1996.-Early life:Felipe was...

      , President of the Government of Spain
      Prime Minister of Spain
      The President of the Government of Spain , sometimes known in English as the Prime Minister of Spain, is the head of Government of Spain. The current office is established under the Constitution of 1978...

       (1982–1996)
  • Sweden
    Sweden
    Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....

    -
    • Monarch - Carl XVI Gustaf
      Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden
      Carl XVI Gustaf is the reigning King of Sweden since 15 September 1973, succeeding his grandfather King Gustaf VI Adolf because his father had predeceased him...

      , King of Sweden (1973–present)
    • Prime Minister - Ingvar Carlsson
      Ingvar Carlsson
      Gösta Ingvar Carlsson is a Swedish politician, Prime Minister of Sweden and leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party ....

      , Prime Minister of Sweden
      Prime Minister of Sweden
      The Prime Minister is the head of government in the Kingdom of Sweden. Before the creation of the office of a Prime Minister in 1876, Sweden did not have a head of government separate from its head of state, namely the King, in whom the executive authority was vested...

       (1986–1991)
  • Switzerland
    Switzerland
    Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....

    -
    • Swiss Federal Council
      Swiss Federal Council
      The Federal Council is the seven-member executive council which constitutes the federal government of Switzerland and serves as the Swiss collective head of state....

      :
      Pierre Aubert
      Pierre Aubert
      Pierre Aubert is a Swiss politician, lawyer and former member of the Swiss Federal Council ....

       (1978–1987, President), Leon Schlumpf
      Leon Schlumpf
      Leon Schlumpf is a Swiss politician and a former member of the Swiss Federal Council .Schlumpf was elected to the Federal Council on December 5, 1979 as a member of the Swiss People's Party from the Canton of Graubünden...

       (1979–1987), Otto Stich
      Otto Stich
      Otto Stich is a Swiss politician.He was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 7 December 1983 and handed over office on 31 October 1995. He is affiliated to the Social Democratic Party....

       (1983–1995), Jean-Pascal Delamuraz
      Jean-Pascal Delamuraz
      Jean-Pascal Delamuraz was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council ....

       (1983–1998), Elisabeth Kopp
      Elisabeth Kopp
      Elisabeth Kopp is a Swiss politician and the first woman elected to the Swiss Federal Council .Elisabeth Kopp grew up in Bern. After finishing her law studies in 1960 she married Hans W. Kopp...

       (1984–1989), Arnold Koller
      Arnold Koller
      Arnold Koller is a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council .He was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on December 10, 1986 as a member of the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland from the canton of Appenzell Inner Rhodes...

       (1986–1999), Flavio Cotti
      Flavio Cotti
      Flavio Cotti born in Prato-Sornico on 18 October 1939) is a Swiss politician.He was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 10 December 1986 and handed over office on 30 April 1999...

       (1986–1999)
  • United Kingdom
    United Kingdom
    The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...

    -
    • Monarch - Elizabeth II
      Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
      Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...

      , Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present)
    • Prime Minister - Margaret Thatcher
      Margaret Thatcher
      Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990...

      , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
      Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
      The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the Head of Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Sovereign, to Parliament, to their political party and...

       (1979–1990)
    • Guernsey
      Guernsey
      Guernsey, officially the Bailiwick of Guernsey is a British Crown dependency in the English Channel off the coast of Normandy.The Bailiwick, as a governing entity, embraces not only all 10 parishes on the Island of Guernsey, but also the islands of Herm, Jethou, Burhou, and Lihou and their islet...

       (British Crown dependency
      Crown dependency
      The Crown Dependencies are British possessions of the Crown, as opposed to overseas territories of the United Kingdom. They comprise the Channel Island Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel, and the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea....

      )
      • Lieutenant-Governor - Sir Alexander Boswell
        Alexander Boswell (British Army officer)
        Lieutenant General Sir Alexander Crawford Simpson Boswell KCB CBE DL is a former British Army officer. He joined the Army as junior officer in the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders shortly after the Second World War, and after a series of regimental and staff postings was second-in-command of his...

        , Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (1985–1990)
      • Bailiff - Sir Charles Frossard, Bailiff of Guernsey (1982–1992)
    • Jersey
      Jersey
      Jersey, officially the Bailiwick of Jersey is a British Crown Dependency off the coast of Normandy, France. As well as the island of Jersey itself, the bailiwick includes two groups of small islands that are no longer permanently inhabited, the Minquiers and Écréhous, and the Pierres de Lecq and...

       (British Crown dependency
      Crown dependency
      The Crown Dependencies are British possessions of the Crown, as opposed to overseas territories of the United Kingdom. They comprise the Channel Island Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel, and the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea....

      )
      • Lieutenant-Governor - Sir William Pillar
        William Pillar
        Admiral Sir William Thomas Pillar GBE KCB was Chief of Naval Support and a member of the Admiralty.-Naval career:...

        , Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey (1985–1990)
      • Bailiff - Sir Peter Crill
        Peter Crill
        Sir Peter Leslie Crill KBE was Bailiff of Jersey from 1986 to 1995.- Early years :Crill attended Victoria College, Jersey between 1932 and 1943...

        , Bailiff of Jersey (1986–1995)
    • Isle of Man
      Isle of Man
      The Isle of Man , otherwise known simply as Mann , is a self-governing British Crown Dependency, located in the Irish Sea between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland, within the British Isles. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who holds the title of Lord of Mann. The Lord of Mann is...

       (British Crown dependency
      Crown dependency
      The Crown Dependencies are British possessions of the Crown, as opposed to overseas territories of the United Kingdom. They comprise the Channel Island Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel, and the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea....

      )
      • Lieutenant-Governor - Laurence New
        Laurence New
        Major-General Sir Laurence Anthony Wallis New Kt CB CBE is a former British Army officer who became Assistant Chief of the Defence Staff.-Military career:...

        , Lieutenant-Governor of Man (1985–1990)
      • Chief minister - Miles Walker
        Miles Walker
        Sir Miles Rawstron Walker CBE LLD is a Manx businessman and politician, who was the first ever Chief Minister of the Isle of Man.-Early life and career:...

        , Chief Minister of the Isle of Man
        Chief Minister of the Isle of Man
        The Chief Minister is the executive head of the Isle of Man Government.The office derives from that of Chairman of the Executive Council. Before 1980 the Executive Council was chaired by the Lieutenant Governor, but thereafter the chairman was elected by Tynwald, the parliament of the Isle of Man...

         (1986–1996)
    • Gibraltar
      Gibraltar
      Gibraltar is a British overseas territory located on the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula at the entrance of the Mediterranean. A peninsula with an area of , it has a northern border with Andalusia, Spain. The Rock of Gibraltar is the major landmark of the region...

       (British dependent territory)
      • Governor - Sir Peter Terry
        Peter Terry
        Air Chief Marshal Sir Peter David George Terry GCB is a retired senior Royal Air Force commander.-Royal Air Force career:...

        , Governor of Gibraltar
        Governor of Gibraltar
        The Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Gibraltar is the representative of the British monarch in the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. The Governor is appointed by the British Monarch on the advice of the British Government...

         (1985–1989)
      • Chief Minister -
        1. Sir Joshua Hassan
          Joshua Hassan
          Sir Joshua Abraham Hassan, GBE, KCMG, LVO, QC , nicknamed "Salvador" , was a Gibraltarian politician, and first Mayor and Chief Minister of Gibraltar, serving two terms as Chief Minister for a total of 17 years...

          , Chief Minister of Gibraltar
          Chief Minister of Gibraltar
          The Chief Minister of Gibraltar is the leader of the largest party elected to the Gibraltar Parliament, and is formally appointed by the Governor of Gibraltar, representative of the British Crown.-List of Chief Ministers:...

           (1972–1987)
        2. Adolfo Canepa
          Adolfo Canepa
          Adolfo John Canepa was a Gibraltarian politician. He has dedicated most of his life to politics and the development of Gibraltar, having served both as Leader of the Opposition and as Chief Minister of Gibraltar from 8 December 1987 to 25 March 1988...

          , Chief Minister of Gibraltar
          Chief Minister of Gibraltar
          The Chief Minister of Gibraltar is the leader of the largest party elected to the Gibraltar Parliament, and is formally appointed by the Governor of Gibraltar, representative of the British Crown.-List of Chief Ministers:...

           (1987–1988)
  • Vatican City
    Vatican City
    Vatican City , or Vatican City State, in Italian officially Stato della Città del Vaticano , which translates literally as State of the City of the Vatican, is a landlocked sovereign city-state whose territory consists of a walled enclave within the city of Rome, Italy. It has an area of...

    • Monarch - Pope John Paul II
      Pope John Paul II
      Blessed Pope John Paul II , born Karol Józef Wojtyła , reigned as Pope of the Catholic Church and Sovereign of Vatican City from 16 October 1978 until his death on 2 April 2005, at of age. His was the second-longest documented pontificate, which lasted ; only Pope Pius IX ...

      , Sovereign of the State of the Vatican City (1978–2005)
    • President of the Governorate - Sebastiano Baggio, President of the Governorate of Vatican City State (1984–1990)
    • Holy See
      Holy See
      The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, in which its Bishop is commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent episcopal see of the Catholic Church, forming the central government of the Church. As such, diplomatically, and in other spheres the Holy See acts and...

      • Secretary of State - Agostino Casaroli, Cardinal Secretary of State
        Cardinal Secretary of State
        The Cardinal Secretary of State—officially Secretary of State of His Holiness The Pope—presides over the Holy See, usually known as the "Vatican", Secretariat of State, which is the oldest and most important dicastery of the Roman Curia...

         (1979–1990)
  • Yugoslavia
    Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
    The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was the Yugoslav state that existed from the abolition of the Yugoslav monarchy until it was dissolved in 1992 amid the Yugoslav Wars. It was a socialist state and a federation made up of six socialist republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,...

    -
    • Communist Party Leader -
      1. Milanko Renovica
        Milanko Renovica
        Milanko Renovica was a Yugoslav politician. He was the president of the Yugoslav League of Communists and served as president of Bosnia-Herzegovina. He is an ethnic Serb.-References:...

        , President of the Presidium of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia
        League of Communists of Yugoslavia
        League of Communists of Yugoslavia , before 1952 the Communist Party of Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croatian: Savez komunista Jugoslavije/Савез комуниста Југославије, Slovene: Zveza komunistov Jugoslavije, Macedonian: Сојуз на комунистите на Југославија, Sojuz na...

         (1986–1987)
      2. Boško Krunić, President of the Presidium of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia
        League of Communists of Yugoslavia
        League of Communists of Yugoslavia , before 1952 the Communist Party of Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croatian: Savez komunista Jugoslavije/Савез комуниста Југославије, Slovene: Zveza komunistov Jugoslavije, Macedonian: Сојуз на комунистите на Југославија, Sojuz na...

         (1987–1988)
    • Head of State -
      1. Sinan Hasani
        Sinan Hasani
        Sinan Hasani was a Yugoslav novelist, statesman, diplomat and a former President of Presidency Yugoslavia, a revolving form of executive leadership which rendered him the President of Yugoslavia at the time as well. He was of Albanian descent....

        , Chairman of the Presidency of Yugoslavia (1986–1987)
      2. Lazar Mojsov
        Lazar Mojsov
        Dr. Lazar Mojsov was a Macedonian journalist, politician and diplomat from SFR Yugoslavia.Mojsov received his doctoral degree from the University of Belgrade's Law School. He fought for the anti-fascist partisans in World War II and continued to rise through the ranks of the Communist Party after...

        , Chairman of the Presidency of Yugoslavia (1987–1988)
    • Premier - Branko Mikulić
      Branko Mikulic
      Branko Mikulić was a communist politician and statesman in the Yugoslavia. Mikulić was one of the leading communist politicians in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the communist rule in the former Yugoslavia.-Biography:...

      , Chairman of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia
      Prime Minister of Yugoslavia
      The Prime Minister or the President of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia was the head of government of the Yugoslav state, from the creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1918 until the end of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1992.-Kingdom of...

       (1986–1989)

North America

  • Anguilla
    Anguilla
    Anguilla is a British overseas territory and overseas territory of the European Union in the Caribbean. It is one of the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles, lying east of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands and directly north of Saint Martin...

     (British dependent territory)
    • Governor -
      1. Alastair Turner Baillie, Governor of Anguilla
        Governor of Anguilla
        The Governor of Anguilla is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Anguilla. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...

         (1983–1987)
      2. Geoffrey Owen Whittaker, Governor of Anguilla
        Governor of Anguilla
        The Governor of Anguilla is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Anguilla. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...

         (1987–1989)
    • Chief Minister - Emile Gumbs
      Emile Gumbs
      Sir Emile Gumbs is a politician from Anguilla. He served as the island territory's Chief Minister from 1 February 1977 to May 1980 and again from 12 March 1984 to 16 March 1994. He is the only person from Anguilla to have been knighted.-References:...

      , Chief Minister of Anguilla
      Chief Minister of Anguilla
      -List of Chief Ministers of Anguilla:...

       (1984–1994)
  • Antigua and Barbuda
    Antigua and Barbuda
    Antigua and Barbuda is a twin-island nation lying between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. It consists of two major inhabited islands, Antigua and Barbuda, and a number of smaller islands...

    -
    • Monarch - Elizabeth II
      Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
      Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...

      , Queen of Antigua and Barbuda
      Monarch of Antigua and Barbuda
      Antigua and Barbuda is a constitutional monarchy and a Commonwealth realm, with Queen Elizabeth II as its reigning monarch since November 1, 1981...

       (1981–present)
    • Governor-General - Sir Wilfred Jacobs
      Wilfred Jacobs
      Sir Wilfred Ebenezer Jacobs was the first Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda. He held this position from 1 November 1981 to 10 June 1993. He was replaced by James Carlisle. He was also the governor of Antigua and Barbuda from 1967 until that country gained independence in 1981 and he became...

      , Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (1967–1993)
    • Prime Minister - Vere Bird
      Vere Bird
      Sir Vere Cornwall Bird Sr. was the first Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda. His son, Lester Bryant Bird, succeeded him as Prime Minister. In 1994 he was declared a national hero....

      , Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (1976–1994)
  • Aruba
    Aruba
    Aruba is a 33 km-long island of the Lesser Antilles in the southern Caribbean Sea, located 27 km north of the coast of Venezuela and 130 km east of Guajira Peninsula...

     (constituent country
    Constituent country
    Constituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity. The term constituent country does not have any defined legal meaning, and is used simply to refer to a country which is a part Constituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts...

     of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
    Kingdom of the Netherlands
    The Kingdom of the Netherlands is a sovereign state and constitutional monarchy with territory in Western Europe and in the Caribbean. The four parts of the Kingdom—Aruba, Curaçao, the Netherlands, and Sint Maarten—are referred to as "countries", and participate on a basis of equality...

    )
    • Governor - Felipe Tromp
      Felipe Tromp
      Felipe B. Tromp was the first Governor of Aruba after Aruba received a status aparte within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. He served one term of six years as governor from 1 January 1986 until 12 March 1992. He was succeeded by Olindo Koolman....

      , Governor of Aruba
      Governor of Aruba
      The Governor of Aruba is the representative on Aruba of the Dutch head of state . The governors duties are twofold: he represents and guards the general interests of the Kingdom and is head of the Aruban Government. He is accountable to the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. As the head...

       (1986–1992)
    • Prime Minister - Henny Eman
      Henny Eman
      Jan Hendrik Albert "Henny" Eman was the first Prime Minister of Aruba from 1 January 1986 to 9 February 1989 and again from 29 July 1994 to 30 October 2001.- Introduction :thumb|left| Memorial stone at Leiden cafe "Het Keizertje"...

      , Prime Minister of Aruba
      Prime Minister of Aruba
      The Prime Minister of Aruba is Aruba's head of government. Together with Aruba's Council of Ministers, they form the executive branch of Aruban government.-List of Prime Ministers of Aruba:...

       (1986–1989)
  • The Bahamas
    The Bahamas
    The Bahamas , officially the Commonwealth of the Bahamas, is a nation consisting of 29 islands, 661 cays, and 2,387 islets . It is located in the Atlantic Ocean north of Cuba and Hispaniola , northwest of the Turks and Caicos Islands, and southeast of the United States...

    -
    • Monarch - Elizabeth II
      Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
      Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...

      , Queen of the Bahamas (1973–present)
    • Governor-General - Sir Gerald Cash
      Gerald Cash
      Sir Gerald Christopher Cash GCMG GCVO OBE was the second Governor-General of the Commonwealth of the Bahamas ....

      , Governor-General of the Bahamas (1979–1988)
    • Prime Minister - Sir Lynden Pindling
      Lynden Pindling
      Sir Lynden Oscar Pindling KCMG, OM, JP , is generally regarded as the "Father of the Nation" of the Bahamas, having led it to Majority Rule on 10 January 1967 and then to independence on 10 July 1973. He served as the first black premier of the Colony of the Bahama Islands from 1967 to 1969 and as...

      , Prime Minister of the Bahamas (1967–1992)
  • Barbados
    Barbados
    Barbados is an island country in the Lesser Antilles. It is in length and as much as in width, amounting to . It is situated in the western area of the North Atlantic and 100 kilometres east of the Windward Islands and the Caribbean Sea; therein, it is about east of the islands of Saint...

    -
    • Monarch - Elizabeth II
      Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
      Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...

      , Queen of Barbados (1966–present)
    • Governor-General - Sir Hugh Springer
      Hugh Springer
      Sir Hugh Worrell Springer was the organiser and first General Secretary of the Barbados Workers' Union and Barbados' third native Governor-General. By an act of Parliament in 1998, Springer was named as one of the ten National Heroes of Barbados.-References:...

      , Governor-General of Barbados (1984–1990)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Errol Barrow
        Errol Barrow
        Errol Walton Barrow, PC, QC was a Caribbean statesman and the first Prime Minister of Barbados. Born into a family of political and civic activists in the parish of Saint Lucy and educated at Harrison College, his sister Dame Nita Barrow also became a social activist, humanitarian leader and later...

        , Prime Minister of Barbados (1986–1987)
      2. Lloyd Erskine Sandiford
        Lloyd Erskine Sandiford
        Sir Lloyd Erskine Sandiford, KA is a Barbadian politician. He served as the fourth Prime Minister of Barbados from 1987 to 1994....

        , Prime Minister of Barbados (1987–1994)
  • Belize
    Belize
    Belize is a constitutional monarchy and the northernmost country in Central America. Belize has a diverse society, comprising many cultures and languages. Even though Kriol and Spanish are spoken among the population, Belize is the only country in Central America where English is the official...

    -
    • Monarch - Elizabeth II
      Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
      Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...

      , Queen of Belize (1981–present)
    • Governor-General - Dame Elmira Minita Gordon
      Elmira Minita Gordon
      Dame Elmira Minita Gordon, GCMG, GCVO was Governor-General of Belize from its independence in 1981 to 1993. She was the first woman in a Commonwealth Realm to assume the position of Governor General. As Governor General she also held the title of Patron to the Scout Association of Belize and the...

      , Governor-General of Belize (1981–1993)
    • Prime Minister - Manuel Esquivel
      Manuel Esquivel
      Sir Manuel Esquivel, KCMG, PC is a Belizean politician. As leader of the United Democratic Party, he served as Prime Minister from 1984 to 1989, and then again from 1993 to 1998.-Biography:...

      , Prime Minister of Belize (1984–1989)
  • Bermuda
    Bermuda
    Bermuda is a British overseas territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. Located off the east coast of the United States, its nearest landmass is Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, about to the west-northwest. It is about south of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, and northeast of Miami, Florida...

     (British dependent territory)
    • Governor - John Morrison, Viscount Dunrossil
      John Morrison, 2nd Viscount Dunrossil
      Flight Lieutenant John William Morrison, 2nd Viscount Dunrossil CMG JP was a diplomat and British peer. He was present in the South African courtroom when Nelson Mandela was sentenced to 27 years' imprisonment and obtained study materials for Mandela to achieve a law degree from the University of...

      , Governor of Bermuda
      Governor of Bermuda
      The Governor of Bermuda is the representative of the British monarch in the British overseas territory of Bermuda. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...

       (1983–1988)
    • Premier - John Swan, Premier of Bermuda (1982–1995)
  • British Virgin Islands
    British Virgin Islands
    The Virgin Islands, often called the British Virgin Islands , is a British overseas territory and overseas territory of the European Union, located in the Caribbean to the east of Puerto Rico. The islands make up part of the Virgin Islands archipelago, the remaining islands constituting the U.S...

     (British dependent territory)
    • Governor - J. Mark A. Herdman, Governor of the British Virgin Islands
      Governor of the British Virgin Islands
      The Governor of the British Virgin Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of British Virgin Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...

       (1986–1991)
    • Chief Minister - Lavity Stoutt
      Lavity Stoutt
      Hamilton Lavity Stoutt was the first and longest serving Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands, winning four general elections and serving three non-consecutive terms of office from 1967 to 1971, again from 1981 to 1983 and again from 1986 until his death in 1995.Since Stoutt's death in...

      , Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands (1986–1995)
  • Canada
    Canada
    Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...

    • Monarch - Elizabeth II
      Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
      Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...

      , Queen of Canada (1952–present)
    • Governor General - Jeanne Sauvé
      Jeanne Sauvé
      Jeanne Mathilde Sauvé was a Canadian journalist, politician, and stateswoman who served as Governor General of Canada, the 23rd since Canadian Confederation....

      , Governor General of Canada
      Governor General of Canada
      The Governor General of Canada is the federal viceregal representative of the Canadian monarch, Queen Elizabeth II...

       (1984–1990)
    • Prime Minister - Brian Mulroney
      Brian Mulroney
      Martin Brian Mulroney, was the 18th Prime Minister of Canada from September 17, 1984, to June 25, 1993 and was leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada from 1983 to 1993. His tenure as Prime Minister was marked by the introduction of major economic reforms, such as the Canada-U.S...

      , Prime Minister of Canada
      Prime Minister of Canada
      The Prime Minister of Canada is the primary minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus head of government for Canada, charged with advising the Canadian monarch or viceroy on the exercise of the executive powers vested in them by the constitution...

       (1984–1993)
  • Cayman Islands
    Cayman Islands
    The Cayman Islands is a British Overseas Territory and overseas territory of the European Union located in the western Caribbean Sea. The territory comprises the three islands of Grand Cayman, Cayman Brac, and Little Cayman, located south of Cuba and northwest of Jamaica...

     (British dependent territory)
    • Governor -
      1. George Peter Lloyd, Governor of the Cayman Islands
        Governor of the Cayman Islands
        The Governor of the Cayman Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of the Cayman Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...

         (1982–1987)
      2. Alan James Scott, Governor of the Cayman Islands
        Governor of the Cayman Islands
        The Governor of the Cayman Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of the Cayman Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...

         (1987–1992)
  • Costa Rica
    Costa Rica
    Costa Rica , officially the Republic of Costa Rica is a multilingual, multiethnic and multicultural country in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Caribbean Sea to the east....

    -
    • President - Óscar Arias
      Óscar Arias
      Óscar Arias Sánchez is a Costa Rican politician who was President of Costa Rica from 2006 to 2010. He previously served as President from 1986 to 1990 and received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1987 for his efforts to end civil wars then raging in several other Central American countries.He is also a...

      , President of Costa Rica (1986–1990)
  • Cuba
    Cuba
    The Republic of Cuba is an island nation in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos. Havana is the largest city in Cuba and the country's capital. Santiago de Cuba is the second largest city...

    • Communist Party Leader - Fidel Castro
      Fidel Castro
      Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz is a Cuban revolutionary and politician, having held the position of Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and then President from 1976 to 2008. He also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from the party's foundation in 1961 until 2011...

      , First secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba
      Communist Party of Cuba
      The Communist Party of Cuba is the governing political party in Cuba. It is a communist party of the Marxist-Leninist model. The Cuban constitution ascribes the role of the Party to be the "leading force of society and of the state"...

       (1965–2011)
    • President - Fidel Castro
      Fidel Castro
      Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz is a Cuban revolutionary and politician, having held the position of Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and then President from 1976 to 2008. He also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from the party's foundation in 1961 until 2011...

      , President of the Council of State of Cuba
      President of Cuba
      --209.174.31.28 18:43, 22 November 2011 The President of Cuba is the Head of state of Cuba. According to the Cuban Constitution of 1976, the President is the chief executive of the Council of State of Cuba...

       (1976–2008)
    • Premier - Fidel Castro
      Fidel Castro
      Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz is a Cuban revolutionary and politician, having held the position of Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and then President from 1976 to 2008. He also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from the party's foundation in 1961 until 2011...

      , President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba
      Prime Minister of Cuba
      Prime Minister of Cuba was a position in the government of Cuba. Fidel Castro assumed the position of Prime Minister in 1959 replacing José Miró Cardona....

       (1959–2008)
  • Dominica
    Dominica
    Dominica , officially the Commonwealth of Dominica, is an island nation in the Lesser Antilles region of the Caribbean Sea, south-southeast of Guadeloupe and northwest of Martinique. Its size is and the highest point in the country is Morne Diablotins, which has an elevation of . The Commonwealth...

    -
    • President - Sir Clarence Seignoret, President of Dominica (1983–1993)
    • Prime Minister - Eugenia Charles
      Eugenia Charles
      Dame Mary Eugenia Charles, DBE was Prime Minister of Dominica from 21 July 1980 until 14 June 1995. She was Dominica's first, and to date only, female prime minister, as well as the nation's longest serving prime minister...

      , Prime Minister of Dominica (1980–1995)
  • Dominican Republic
    Dominican Republic
    The Dominican Republic is a nation on the island of La Hispaniola, part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands that are shared by two countries...

    -
    • President - Joaquín Balaguer
      Joaquín Balaguer
      Joaquín Antonio Balaguer Ricardo was the President of the Dominican Republic from 1960 to 1962, from 1966 to 1978, and again from 1986 to 1996.-Early life and introduction to politics:...

      , President of the Dominican Republic (1986–1996)
  • El Salvador
    El Salvador
    El Salvador or simply Salvador is the smallest and the most densely populated country in Central America. The country's capital city and largest city is San Salvador; Santa Ana and San Miguel are also important cultural and commercial centers in the country and in all of Central America...

    -
    • President - José Napoleón Duarte
      José Napoleón Duarte
      José Napoleón Duarte Fuentes was a Salvadoran political figure who, from March 3, 1980, to 1982, led the civil-military Revolutionary Government Junta that took power in a 1979 coup d'état...

      , President of El Salvador
      President of El Salvador
      This page contains a list of Presidents of El Salvador.-Heads of State of El Salvador within the Federal Republic of Central America :*Pedro Barriere : 21 September 1821 - 28 November 1821*José Matías Delgado : 28 Nov 1821 - 9 February 1823...

       (1984–1989)
  • Grenada
    Grenada
    Grenada is an island country and Commonwealth Realm consisting of the island of Grenada and six smaller islands at the southern end of the Grenadines in the southeastern Caribbean Sea...

    • Monarch - Elizabeth II
      Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
      Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...

      , Queen of Grenada
      Monarchy of Grenada
      The monarchy of Grenada is a system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign of the Grenadas. The present monarch of Grenada is Queen Elizabeth II...

       (1974–present)
    • Governor-General - Sir Paul Scoon
      Paul Scoon
      Sir Paul Scoon, GCMG, GCVO, OBE was Governor General of Grenada for 14 years, from 1978 to 1992.-Biography:Sir Paul was born on 4 July 1935 in Gouyave, a town on the west coast of Grenada. He attended St. John's Anglican School and then the Grenada Boys' Secondary School...

      , Governor-General of Grenada (1978–1992)
    • Prime Minister - Herbert Blaize
      Herbert Blaize
      Herbert Augustus Blaize was a Grenadian politician and leader of the Grenada National Party. When Grenada was still a British Crown Colony he served as the first Chief Minister from 1960-61, and again, from 1962-67. He became the first Premier of the autonomous Associated State of Grenada briefly...

      , Prime Minister of Grenada (1984–1989)
  • Guatemala
    Guatemala
    Guatemala is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, Belize to the northeast, the Caribbean to the east, and Honduras and El Salvador to the southeast...

    • President - Vinicio Cerezo
      Vinicio Cerezo
      Marco Vinicio Cerezo Arévalo is a Guatemalan politician. He served as President of Guatemala from 14 January 1986 to 14 January 1991 and currently sits in Congress.-Career:...

      , President of Guatemala
      President of Guatemala
      The title of President of Guatemala has been the usual title of the leader of Guatemala since 1839, when that title was assumed by Mariano Rivera Paz...

       (1986–1991)
  • Haiti
    Haiti
    Haiti , officially the Republic of Haiti , is a Caribbean country. It occupies the western, smaller portion of the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antillean archipelago, which it shares with the Dominican Republic. Ayiti was the indigenous Taíno or Amerindian name for the island...

    -
    • Head of State - Henri Namphy
      Henri Namphy
      Henri Namphy was a Haitian general and political figure. He served as President of Haiti's interim ruling body, the National Council of Government, from 7 February 1986 to 7 February 1988...

      , Chairman of the National Council of Haiti
      President of Haiti
      The President of the Republic of Haiti is the head of state of Haiti. Executive power in Haiti is divided between the president and the government headed by the Prime Minister of Haiti...

       (1986–1988)
  • Honduras
    Honduras
    Honduras is a republic in Central America. It was previously known as Spanish Honduras to differentiate it from British Honduras, which became the modern-day state of Belize...

    • President - José Azcona del Hoyo
      José Azcona del Hoyo
      José Simón Azcona del Hoyo was President of Honduras from 27 January 1986 to 27 January 1990 for the Liberal Party of Honduras . He was born in La Ceiba in Honduras.-Career:...

      , President of Honduras
      President of Honduras
      This page lists the Presidents of Honduras.Colonial Honduras declared its independence from Spain on 15 September 1821. From 5 January 1822 to 1 July 1823, Honduras was part of the First Mexican Empire of Agustín de Iturbide....

       (1986–1990)
  • Jamaica
    Jamaica
    Jamaica is an island nation of the Greater Antilles, in length, up to in width and 10,990 square kilometres in area. It is situated in the Caribbean Sea, about south of Cuba, and west of Hispaniola, the island harbouring the nation-states Haiti and the Dominican Republic...

    • Monarch - Elizabeth II
      Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
      Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...

      , Queen of Jamaica
      Monarchy of Jamaica
      The Monarchy of Jamaica is a constitutional system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign and head of state of Jamaica, forming the core of the country's Westminster-style parliamentary democracy...

       (1962–present)
    • Governor-General - Sir Florizel Glasspole
      Florizel Glasspole
      Sir Florizel Augustus Glasspole, ON, GCMG, GCVO, K.St.J was the third Governor General of Jamaica....

      , Governor-General of Jamaica
      Governor-General of Jamaica
      The Governor-General of Jamaica represents the Jamaican monarch, and head of state, who holds the title of King or Queen of Jamaica ....

       (1973–1991)
    • Prime Minister - Edward Seaga
      Edward Seaga
      Edward Philip George Seaga ON PC was the fifth Prime Minister of Jamaica from 1980 to 1989 and Leader of the Jamaica Labour Party from 1974 to 2005. He served as leader of the opposition from 1974 to 1980 and again from 1989 until January 2005...

      , Prime Minister of Jamaica
      Prime Minister of Jamaica
      The Prime Minister of Jamaica is Jamaica's head of government, currently Andrew Holness. Andrew Holness was elected as the new leader of the governing Jamaica Labour Party and succeeded Bruce Golding to become Jamaica's ninth Prime Minister on 23 October 2011...

       (1980–1989)
  • Mexico
    Mexico
    The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...

    -
    • President - Miguel de la Madrid
      Miguel de la Madrid
      Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado is a Mexican politician affiliated to the Institutional Revolutionary Party who served as President of Mexico from 1982 to 1988.-Biography:...

      , President of Mexico
      President of Mexico
      The President of the United Mexican States is the head of state and government of Mexico. Under the Constitution, the president is also the Supreme Commander of the Mexican armed forces...

       (1982–1988)
  • Montserrat
    Montserrat
    Montserrat is a British overseas territory located in the Leeward Islands, part of the chain of islands called the Lesser Antilles in the West Indies. This island measures approximately long and wide, giving of coastline...

     (British dependent territory)
    • Governor -
      1. Arthur Christopher Watson
        Arthur Christopher Watson
        Arthur Christopher Watson CMG, Watson was born in China, and educated at St Catharine's College, Cambridge. He was a British Civil Servant....

        , Governor of Montserrat
        Governor of Montserrat
        The Governor of Montserrat is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Montserrat. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...

         (1985–1987)
      2. Christopher J. Turner
        Christopher J. Turner
        Christopher John Turner, CBE was Governor of the Turks and Caicos from October 1982 to January 1987. Hesubsequently served as Governor of Montserrat from 1987 to 1990.-References:...

        , Governor of Montserrat
        Governor of Montserrat
        The Governor of Montserrat is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Montserrat. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...

         (1987–1990)
    • Chief Minister - John Osborne
      John Osborne (politician)
      John Alfred Osborne was a chief minister of Montserrat.He first came to that position in November 1978, as a member of the People's Liberation Movement, and continued until losing legislative council elections on October 10, 1991. By 2001 he had switched parties, joining the New People's...

      , Chief Minister of Montserrat
      Chief Minister of Montserrat
      The Chief Minister of Montserrat is the head of government of Montserrat, an island in the Caribbean that is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom, appointed by the Governor of Montserrat on behalf of Queen Elizabeth II, Montserrat's head of state. The current Chief Minister of Montserrat is...

       (1978–1991)
  • Netherlands Antilles
    Netherlands Antilles
    The Netherlands Antilles , also referred to informally as the Dutch Antilles, was an autonomous Caribbean country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, consisting of two groups of islands in the Lesser Antilles: Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao , in Leeward Antilles just off the Venezuelan coast; and Sint...

     (constituent country
    Constituent country
    Constituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity. The term constituent country does not have any defined legal meaning, and is used simply to refer to a country which is a part Constituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts...

     of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
    Kingdom of the Netherlands
    The Kingdom of the Netherlands is a sovereign state and constitutional monarchy with territory in Western Europe and in the Caribbean. The four parts of the Kingdom—Aruba, Curaçao, the Netherlands, and Sint Maarten—are referred to as "countries", and participate on a basis of equality...

    )
    • Governor - René Römer, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles
      Governor of the Netherlands Antilles
      The Governor of the Netherlands Antilles was the representative of the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the Netherlands Antilles and the head of the National Government of the Netherlands Antilles....

       (1983–1990)
    • Prime Minister - Dominico Martina, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (1986–1988)
  • Nicaragua
    Nicaragua
    Nicaragua is the largest country in the Central American American isthmus, bordered by Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. The country is situated between 11 and 14 degrees north of the Equator in the Northern Hemisphere, which places it entirely within the tropics. The Pacific Ocean...

    • President - Daniel Ortega
      Daniel Ortega
      José Daniel Ortega Saavedra is a Nicaraguan politician and revolutionary, currently serving as the 83rd President of Nicaragua, a position that he has held since 2007. He previously served as the 79th President, between 1985 and 1990, and for much of his life, has been a leader in the Sandinista...

      , President of Nicaragua
      President of Nicaragua
      The position of President of Nicaragua was created in the Constitution of 1854. From 1825 until the Constitution of 1838 the title of the position was known as Head of State and from 1838 to 1854 as Supreme Director .-Heads of State of Nicaragua within the Federal Republic of Central America...

       (1985–1990)
  • Panama
    Panama
    Panama , officially the Republic of Panama , is the southernmost country of Central America. Situated on the isthmus connecting North and South America, it is bordered by Costa Rica to the northwest, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south. The...

    • De facto leader - Manuel Noriega
      Manuel Noriega
      Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno is a Panamanian politician and soldier. He was military dictator of Panama from 1983 to 1989.The 1989 invasion of Panama by the United States removed him from power; he was captured, detained as a prisoner of war, and flown to the United States. Noriega was tried on...

      , Commandant of the Panamanian Defense Forces (1983–1989)
    • President - Eric Arturo Delvalle
      Eric Arturo Delvalle
      Eric Arturo Delvalle Cohen-Henríquez is a former Panamanian head of state.Delvalle was born in Panama City. He is a member of the Latino fraternity Phi Iota Alpha. His brother Raúl is a former member of the National Assembly . Both he and his uncle, Max Delvalle, were members of the Kol Shearit...

      , President of Panama (1985–1988)
  • Saint Kitts and Nevis
    Saint Kitts and Nevis
    The Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis , located in the Leeward Islands, is a federal two-island nation in the West Indies. It is the smallest sovereign state in the Americas, in both area and population....

    • Monarch - Elizabeth II
      Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
      Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...

      , Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983–present)
    • Governor-General - Sir Clement Arrindell
      Clement Arrindell
      Sir Clement Athelston Arrindell GCMG GCVO QC was Governor of Saint Kitts and Nevis from 1981-83 and Governor-General upon the island's independence in 1983...

      , Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1981–1995)
    • Prime Minister - Kennedy Simmonds
      Kennedy Simmonds
      Dr. the Right Honourable Sir Kennedy Alphonse Simmonds was a founding member of the People's Action Movement party. He was Premier of Saint Kitts and Nevis from 21 February 1980, until the twin-island state gained independence from the United Kingdom on 19 September 1983. Upon Independence, he...

      , Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1980–1995)
  • Saint Lucia
    Saint Lucia
    Saint Lucia is an island country in the eastern Caribbean Sea on the boundary with the Atlantic Ocean. Part of the Lesser Antilles, it is located north/northeast of the island of Saint Vincent, northwest of Barbados and south of Martinique. It covers a land area of 620 km2 and has an...

    • Monarch - Elizabeth II
      Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
      Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...

      , Queen of Saint Lucia
      Monarchy of Saint Lucia
      The monarchy of Saint Lucia is a system of government in which a hereditary, constitutional monarch is the sovereign of Saint Lucia. The present monarch of Saint Lucia is Queen Elizabeth II. Saint Lucia share the Sovereign with a number of Commonwealth realms...

       (1979–present)
    • Governor-General -
      1. Sir Allen Montgomery Lewis
        Allen Montgomery Lewis
        Sir Allen Montgomery Lewis GCMG, GCVO, K.St.J was a barrister and public servant from Saint Lucia who twice served as the country's Governor-General . He was one of the founders and the first president of the Saint Lucia Labour Party in 1950...

        , Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1982–1987)
      2. Vincent Floissac
        Vincent Floissac
        Sir Vincent Floissac, QC, OBE, CMG, PC was a Saint Lucian jurist and politician. He was styled The Rt. Hon...

        , Acting Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1987–1988)
    • Prime Minister - John Compton
      John Compton
      Sir John George Melvin Compton, KBE, PC was the first, fifth and eighth Prime Minister of Saint Lucia in 1979, from 1982 to 1996, and from 2006 until his death. Compton, who previously led Saint Lucia under British rule from 1964 to 1979, was the country's first leader when it became independent...

      , Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (1982–1996)
  • Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Territorial collectivity of France)
    • Prefect -
      1. Bernard Leurquin, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
        Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
        The prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon is the local representative of the President of France and in effect the Governor or Executive officer of the territory.- Overview :...

         (1985–1987)
      2. Jean-René Garnier, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
        Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
        The prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon is the local representative of the President of France and in effect the Governor or Executive officer of the territory.- Overview :...

         (1987–1988)
    • President of the General Council - Marc Plantegenest, President of the General Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1984–1994)
  • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
    Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
    Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is an island country in the Lesser Antilles chain, namely in the southern portion of the Windward Islands, which lie at the southern end of the eastern border of the Caribbean Sea where the latter meets the Atlantic Ocean....

    • Monarch - Elizabeth II
      Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
      Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...

      , Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
      Monarchy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
      The monarchy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is the constitutional system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign and head of state of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, forming the core of the country's Westminster-style parliamentary democracy. The Crown is thus is the...

       (1979–present)
    • Governor-General - Sir Joseph Lambert Eustace
      Joseph Lambert Eustace
      Joseph Lambert Eustace was born on 28 February 1908, the second son of Reynold Lambert Eustace and Beatrice St. Hilaire Eustace of Mayreau in the St.Vincent Grenadines. Together with his brother John Parmenas Eustace he founded the Intermediate School in November 1926 and taught there until around...

      , Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1985–1988)
    • Prime Minister - James Fitz-Allen Mitchell
      James Fitz-Allen Mitchell
      Sir James Fitz-Allen Mitchell was the second Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and the founder of the New Democratic Party . He also served as Premier of the then colony from 1972 to 1974.-Life and career:...

      , Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1984–2000)
  • Trinidad and Tobago
    Trinidad and Tobago
    Trinidad and Tobago officially the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago is an archipelagic state in the southern Caribbean, lying just off the coast of northeastern Venezuela and south of Grenada in the Lesser Antilles...

    -
    • President -
      1. Ellis Clarke
        Ellis Clarke
        Sir Ellis Emmanuel Innocent Clarke, TC, GCMG was the second and last Governor-General of Trinidad and Tobago and the first President of Trinidad and Tobago. Clarke was one of the main architects of Trinidad and Tobago's 1962 Independence constitution.Clarke attended Saint Mary's College, winning...

        , President of Trinidad and Tobago
        President of Trinidad and Tobago
        The President of Trinidad and Tobago is the head of state of Trinidad and Tobago, and the commander in chief of its armed forces. The office was established when the country became a republic in 1976, before which the head of state was Queen Elizabeth II...

         (1972–1987)
      2. Noor Hassanali
        Noor Hassanali
        Noor Mohamed Hassanali,TC was the second President of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago . A retired High Court judge, President Hassanali was the first Indo-Trinidadian to hold the office of President and was the first Muslim head of state in the Americas...

        , President of Trinidad and Tobago
        President of Trinidad and Tobago
        The President of Trinidad and Tobago is the head of state of Trinidad and Tobago, and the commander in chief of its armed forces. The office was established when the country became a republic in 1976, before which the head of state was Queen Elizabeth II...

         (1987–1997)
    • Prime Minister - A. N. R. Robinson
      A. N. R. Robinson
      Arthur Napoleon Raymond Robinson, OCC, TC was the third President of Trinidad and Tobago, serving from 19 March 1997 to 17 March 2003. He was also Trinidad and Tobago's third Prime Minister, serving in that capacity from 18 December 1986 to 17 December 1991...

      , Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1986–1991)
  • Turks and Caicos Islands
    Turks and Caicos Islands
    The Turks and Caicos Islands are a British Overseas Territory and overseas territory of the European Union consisting of two groups of tropical islands in the Caribbean, the larger Caicos Islands and the smaller Turks Islands, known for tourism and as an offshore financial centre.The Turks and...

     (British dependent territory)
    • Governor -
      1. Christopher J. Turner
        Christopher J. Turner
        Christopher John Turner, CBE was Governor of the Turks and Caicos from October 1982 to January 1987. Hesubsequently served as Governor of Montserrat from 1987 to 1990.-References:...

        , Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands
        Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands
        The Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Turks and Caicos Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...

         (1982–1987)
      2. Michael J. Bradley
        Michael J. Bradley (Governor)
        Michael John Bradley was Governor of the Turks and Caicos from January 1987 to June 1993. Bradley was succeeded by Martin Bourke in June 1993....

        , Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands
        Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands
        The Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Turks and Caicos Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...

         (1987–1993)
    • Chief Minister - Advisory Council, Acting Chief Minister of Turks and Caicos Islands
      Premier of the Turks and Caicos Islands
      This is a list of Chief Ministers and Premiers of the Turks and Caicos Islands.-Chief Ministers of the Turks and Caicos Islands:-Premiers of the Turks and Caicos Islands:...

       (1986–1988)
  • United States of America
    • President - Ronald Reagan
      Ronald Reagan
      Ronald Wilson Reagan was the 40th President of the United States , the 33rd Governor of California and, prior to that, a radio, film and television actor....

      , President of the United States
      President of the United States
      The President of the United States of America is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces....

       (1981–1989)
    • Puerto Rico
      Puerto Rico
      Puerto Rico , officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico , is an unincorporated territory of the United States, located in the northeastern Caribbean, east of the Dominican Republic and west of both the United States Virgin Islands and the British Virgin Islands.Puerto Rico comprises an...

       (Commonwealth
      Commonwealth (United States insular area)
      In the terminology of the United States insular areas, a Commonwealth is a type of organized but unincorporated dependent territory.The definition of "Commonwealth" according to current U.S. State Department policy reads: "The term 'Commonwealth' does not describe or provide for any specific...

       of the United States)
      • Governor - Rafael Hernández Colón
        Rafael Hernández Colón
        Rafael Hernández Colón is a Puerto Rican politician who served as the fourth Governor of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico for three non-consecutive terms, from 1973 to 1977 and from 1985 to 1993. An experienced politician, Hernández holds the record for being the youngest Governor of Puerto Rico,...

        , Governor of Puerto Rico
        Governor of Puerto Rico
        The Governor of Puerto Rico is the Head of Government of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Since 1948, the Governor has been elected by the people of Puerto Rico...

         (1985–1993)
    • United States Virgin Islands
      United States Virgin Islands
      The Virgin Islands of the United States are a group of islands in the Caribbean that are an insular area of the United States. The islands are geographically part of the Virgin Islands archipelago and are located in the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles.The U.S...

       (Insular area
      Insular area
      An insular area is a United States territory, that is neither a part of one of the fifty U.S. states nor the District of Columbia, the federal district of the United States...

       of the United States)
      • Governor -
        1. Juan Francisco Luis
          Juan Francisco Luis
          Juan Francisco Luis was a U.S. Virgin Island politician who served as the third elected Governor of the U.S. Virgin Islands and the territory's 23rd Governor overall. Luis assumed the governorship on January 2, 1978, succeeding Governor Cyril King, who died in office...

          , Governor of US Virgin Islands (1978–1987)
        2. Alexander A. Farrelly
          Alexander A. Farrelly
          Alexander Anthony Farrelly was the governor of the United States Virgin Islands serving from 1987 to 1995.Farrelly graduated from St. John's University, Queens, New York in 1954 with a bachelor's degree in law...

          , Governor of US Virgin Islands (1987–1995)

Oceania

  • American Samoa
    American Samoa
    American Samoa is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of the sovereign state of Samoa...

     (unorganized
    Unorganized territory
    An unorganized territory is a region of land without a "normally" constituted system of government. This does not mean that the territory has no government at all or that it is unclaimed territory...

    , unincorporated territory of the United States)
    • Governor - A. P. Lutali
      A. P. Lutali
      Aifili Paulo Lauvao , was governor of American Samoa . The founder of the U.S. commonwealth's Democratic Party, he had a long career in the legislature and the judiciary in American Samoa. From 1951 to 1954, he served as administrative supervisor for public schools...

      , Governor of American Samoa (1985–1989)
  • Australia
    Australia
    Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...

    • Monarch - Elizabeth II
      Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
      Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...

      , Queen of Australia (1952–present)
    • Governor-General - Sir Ninian Stephen
      Ninian Stephen
      Sir Ninian Martin Stephen, is a retired politician and judge, who served as the 20th Governor-General of Australia and as a Justice in the High Court of Australia.-Early life:...

      , Governor-General of Australia
      Governor-General of Australia
      The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia is the representative in Australia at federal/national level of the Australian monarch . He or she exercises the supreme executive power of the Commonwealth...

       (1982–1989)
    • Prime Minister - Bob Hawke
      Bob Hawke
      Robert James Lee "Bob" Hawke AC GCL was the 23rd Prime Minister of Australia from March 1983 to December 1991 and therefore longest serving Australian Labor Party Prime Minister....

      , Prime Minister of Australia
      Prime Minister of Australia
      The Prime Minister of the Commonwealth of Australia is the highest minister of the Crown, leader of the Cabinet and Head of Her Majesty's Australian Government, holding office on commission from the Governor-General of Australia. The office of Prime Minister is, in practice, the most powerful...

       (1983–1991)
    • Christmas Island
      Christmas Island
      The Territory of Christmas Island is a territory of Australia in the Indian Ocean. It is located northwest of the Western Australian city of Perth, south of the Indonesian capital, Jakarta, and ENE of the Cocos Islands....

       (external territory of Australia)
      • Administrator - A.D. Taylor, Administrator of Christmas Island (1986-1990)
      • Assembly Chairman - Gordon Bennett
        Gordon Bennett
        -People:*Gordon Bennett , Australian artist*Gordon Bennett , US Roman Catholic priest*Gordon Bennett , UK football coach*Gordon Bennett , Australian soldier...

        , Chairman of the Christmas Island Assembly (1985–1988)
    • Cocos (Keeling) Islands
      Cocos (Keeling) Islands
      The Territory of the Cocos Islands, also called Cocos Islands and Keeling Islands, is a territory of Australia, located in the Indian Ocean, southwest of Christmas Island and approximately midway between Australia and Sri Lanka....

       (external territory of Australia)
    • Norfolk Island
      Norfolk Island
      Norfolk Island is a small island in the Pacific Ocean located between Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia. The island is part of the Commonwealth of Australia, but it enjoys a large degree of self-governance...

       (self-governing territory of Australia)
      • Administrator - John Alexander Matthew, Administrator of Norfolk Island (1985–1988)
      • Head of Government - John Terence Brown, President of the Legislative Assembly of Norfolk Island (1986–1989)
  • Fiji
    Fiji
    Fiji , officially the Republic of Fiji , is an island nation in Melanesia in the South Pacific Ocean about northeast of New Zealand's North Island...

    -
    • Dominion of Fiji
      Dominion of Fiji
      The Dominion of Fiji, also known simply as Fiji, was a predecessor to modern-day Fiji and an independent state and that existed between October 1970 and 26 October 1987....

       was superseded by the Republic of Fiji
      Fiji
      Fiji , officially the Republic of Fiji , is an island nation in Melanesia in the South Pacific Ocean about northeast of New Zealand's North Island...

       on 7 October 1987
    • Monarch - Elizabeth II
      Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
      Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...

      , Queen of Fiji (1970–1987)
    • Governor General - Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau
      Penaia Ganilau
      Ratu Sir Penaia Kanatabatu Ganilau, GCMG, KCVO, KBE, DSO was the first President of Fiji, serving from 8 December 1987 until his death in 1993...

      , Governor-General of Fiji (1983–1987)
    • President -
      1. Sitiveni Rabuka
        Sitiveni Rabuka
        Major-General Sitiveni Ligamamada Rabuka, OBE, MSD, OStJ, is best known as the instigator of two military coups that shook Fiji in 1987. He was later democratically elected the third Prime Minister, serving from 1992 to 1999...

        , Head of the Interim Military Government (1987)
      2. Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau
        Penaia Ganilau
        Ratu Sir Penaia Kanatabatu Ganilau, GCMG, KCVO, KBE, DSO was the first President of Fiji, serving from 8 December 1987 until his death in 1993...

        , President of Fiji (1987–1993)
    • Prime Minister
      1. Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara
        Kamisese Mara
        Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, CF, GCMG, KBE is considered the founding father of the modern nation of Fiji. He was Chief Minister from 1967 to 1970, when Fiji gained its independence from the United Kingdom, and, apart from one brief interruption in 1987, the first Prime Minister from 1970 to 1992...

        , Prime Minister of Fiji (1967–1987)
      2. Timoci Bavadra
        Timoci Bavadra
        Timoci Uluivuda Bavadra was a medical doctor who served for one month as the second Prime Minister of Fiji in 1987 and who founded the Fiji Labour Party....

        , Prime Minister of Fiji (1987)
      3. Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara
        Kamisese Mara
        Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, CF, GCMG, KBE is considered the founding father of the modern nation of Fiji. He was Chief Minister from 1967 to 1970, when Fiji gained its independence from the United Kingdom, and, apart from one brief interruption in 1987, the first Prime Minister from 1970 to 1992...

        , Prime Minister of Fiji (1987–1992)
  • French Polynesia
    French Polynesia
    French Polynesia is an overseas country of the French Republic . It is made up of several groups of Polynesian islands, the most famous island being Tahiti in the Society Islands group, which is also the most populous island and the seat of the capital of the territory...

     (French overseas territory)
    • High Commissioner -
      1. Pierre Angeli, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (1986–1987)
      2. Jean Montpezat, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (1987–1992)
    • President of the Government -
      1. Gaston Flosse
        Gaston Flosse
        Gaston Flosse is a French Polynesian politician who has been President of French Polynesia on four separate occasions. He is currently a member of the Senate of France.-Life and career:...

        , President of the Government of French Polynesia
        President of French Polynesia
        This is the list of Presidents of French Polynesia.-See also:*List of monarchs of Tahiti*Colonial and Departmental Heads of French Polynesia-External links:*...

         (1984–1987)
      2. Jacques Teuira
        Jacques Teuira
        Jacques "Jacky" Teuira was the President of French Polynesia from February 12, 1987 to December 9, 1987. Teuira's predecessor, Gaston Flosse, was the first President of French Polynesia, and the head of Teuira's political party, the pro-autonomy Tahoera'a Huiraatira...

        , President of the Government of French Polynesia
        President of French Polynesia
        This is the list of Presidents of French Polynesia.-See also:*List of monarchs of Tahiti*Colonial and Departmental Heads of French Polynesia-External links:*...

         (1987)
      3. Alexandre Léontieff
        Alexandre Léontieff
        Alexandre Léontieff was the President of French Polynesia from 1987 to 1991.-Personal life:Léontieff was born on October 20, 1948, at Teahupo'o, Tahiti, near the world famous surfing location...

        , President of the Government of French Polynesia
        President of French Polynesia
        This is the list of Presidents of French Polynesia.-See also:*List of monarchs of Tahiti*Colonial and Departmental Heads of French Polynesia-External links:*...

         (1987–1991)
  • Guam
    Guam
    Guam is an organized, unincorporated territory of the United States located in the western Pacific Ocean. It is one of five U.S. territories with an established civilian government. Guam is listed as one of 16 Non-Self-Governing Territories by the Special Committee on Decolonization of the United...

     (Insular area
    Insular area
    An insular area is a United States territory, that is neither a part of one of the fifty U.S. states nor the District of Columbia, the federal district of the United States...

     of the United States)
    • Governor -
      1. Ricardo Bordallo
        Ricardo Bordallo
        Ricardo Jerome "Ricky" Bordallo , U.S. Democratic Party politician, He served as Governor of Guam from 1975 to 1979 and from 1983 to 1987.- Early life :...

        , Governor of Guam (1983–1987)
      2. Joseph Franklin Ada
        Joseph Franklin Ada
        Joseph Franklin Ada is a U.S. politician.Born in Guam, Ada attended the College of Guam for two years before entering the University of Portland, where he graduated with a bachelor's degree in corporate finance in 1968. He served as the Republican Governor of Guam from 1987 until 1995. His running...

        , Governor of Guam (1987–1995)
  • Kiribati
    Kiribati
    Kiribati , officially the Republic of Kiribati, is an island nation located in the central tropical Pacific Ocean. The permanent population exceeds just over 100,000 , and is composed of 32 atolls and one raised coral island, dispersed over 3.5 million square kilometres, straddling the...

    -
    • President - Ieremia Tabai
      Ieremia Tabai
      Sir Ieremia Tienang Tabai GCMG AO was the first President of Kiribati. He had been described as being the most able leader of the Pacific island states....

      , President of Kiribati
      President of Kiribati
      The President of Kiribati is the head of state and head of government of Kiribati.Following a general election, by which citizens elect the members of the House of Assembly, members select from their midst "not less than 3 nor more than 4 candidates" for the presidency. No other person may stand...

       (1983–1991)
  • Marshall Islands
    Marshall Islands
    The Republic of the Marshall Islands , , is a Micronesian nation of atolls and islands in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, just west of the International Date Line and just north of the Equator. As of July 2011 the population was 67,182...

    -
    • President - Amata Kabua
      Amata Kabua
      Amata Kabua was the first President of the Marshall Islands from 1979 to 1996 ....

      , President of the Marshall Islands
      President of the Marshall Islands
      -List of Presidents of the Marshall Islands:...

       (1979–1996)
  • Micronesia
    Federated States of Micronesia
    The Federated States of Micronesia or FSM is an independent, sovereign island nation, made up of four states from west to east: Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei and Kosrae. It comprises approximately 607 islands with c...

    -
    • President -
      1. Tosiwo Nakayama
        Tosiwo Nakayama
        Tosiwo Nakayama was the first President of the Federated States of Micronesia. He served two terms from 1979 until 1987....

        , President of the Federated States of Micronesia
        President of the Federated States of Micronesia
        The following is a list of the Presidents of the Federated States of Micronesia:-See also:*High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands...

         (1979–1987)
      2. John Haglelgam
        John Haglelgam
        John Haglelgam was the second President of the Federated States of Micronesia. He served from 1987-1991. He is a native of Eauripik Island, Yap.-External links:*...

        , President of the Federated States of Micronesia
        President of the Federated States of Micronesia
        The following is a list of the Presidents of the Federated States of Micronesia:-See also:*High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands...

         (1987–1991)
  • Nauru
    Nauru
    Nauru , officially the Republic of Nauru and formerly known as Pleasant Island, is an island country in Micronesia in the South Pacific. Its nearest neighbour is Banaba Island in Kiribati, to the east. Nauru is the world's smallest republic, covering just...

    -
    • President - Hammer DeRoburt
      Hammer DeRoburt
      Hammer DeRoburt, KBE was the founding President of the Republic of Nauru, and ruled the country for most of its first twenty years of independence.-Background and early career:...

      , President of Nauru
      President of Nauru
      The President of Nauru is elected by Parliament from amongst its members. He is both the head of state and head of government of Nauru. Nauru's unicameral Parliament has 18 members, with an electoral term of 3 years. Political parties only play a minor role in Nauru politics, and there has often...

       (1986–1989)
  • New Caledonia
    New Caledonia
    New Caledonia is a special collectivity of France located in the southwest Pacific Ocean, east of Australia and about from Metropolitan France. The archipelago, part of the Melanesia subregion, includes the main island of Grande Terre, the Loyalty Islands, the Belep archipelago, the Isle of...

     (French overseas territory)
    • High Commissioner -
      1. Jean Montpezat, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (1986–1987)
      2. Clément Bouhin, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (1987–1988)
    • President of the Government - Dick Ukeiwé
      Dick Ukeiwé
      Dick Ukeiwé is a New Caledonian politician. He represented the island in the Senate of France from 1983 until 1992, and is a member of the Rally for the Republic. His son, Bernard Ukeiwé, also became a politician in New Caledonia.-References:...

      , President of the Executive Council of New Caledonia (1984–1988)
  • New Zealand
    New Zealand
    New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...

    • Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand
      Monarchy in New Zealand
      The monarchy of New Zealand also referred to as The Crown in Right of New Zealand, Her Majesty in Right of New Zealand, or The Queen in Right of New Zealand is the constitutional system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign and head of state of the Realm of New Zealand,...

        (1952–present)
    • Governor-General - Sir Paul Reeves
      Paul Reeves
      Sir Paul Alfred Reeves, ONZ, GCMG, GCVO, CF, QSO was Archbishop and Primate of New Zealand from 1980 to 1985 and the 15th Governor-General of New Zealand from 22 November 1985 to 20 November 1990...

      , Governor-General of New Zealand
      Governor-General of New Zealand
      The Governor-General of New Zealand is the representative of the monarch of New Zealand . The Governor-General acts as the Queen's vice-regal representative in New Zealand and is often viewed as the de facto head of state....

       (1985–1990)
    • Prime Minister - David Lange
      David Lange
      David Russell Lange, ONZ, CH , served as the 32nd Prime Minister of New Zealand from 1984 to 1989. He headed New Zealand's fourth Labour Government, one of the most reforming administrations in his country's history, but one which did not always conform to traditional expectations of a...

      , Prime Minister of New Zealand
      Prime Minister of New Zealand
      The Prime Minister of New Zealand is New Zealand's head of government consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the Parliament of New Zealand...

       (1984–1989)
    • Cook Islands
      Cook Islands
      The Cook Islands is a self-governing parliamentary democracy in the South Pacific Ocean in free association with New Zealand...

       (Associated state
      Associated state
      An associated state is the minor partner in a formal, free relationship between a political territory with a degree of statehood and a nation, for which no other specific term, such as protectorate, is adopted...

       of New Zealand)
      • Queen's Representative - Sir Tangaroa Tangaroa
        Tangaroa Tangaroa
        Sir Tangaroa Tangaroa MBE, , was a Cook Islands politician.He started his professional life as a government radio operator...

        , Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands
        Queen's Representative
        The Queen's Representative is the formal title given to the representative of Queen Elizabeth II, as Queen of New Zealand, in the Cook Islands....

         (1984–1990)
      • Prime Minister -
        1. Tom Davis, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands
          Prime Minister of the Cook Islands
          The Prime Minister of the Cook Islands is the official rsponsible for heading Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II's government in the Cook Islands, a self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand. The office was established in 1965, when self-government was first granted to the islands...

           (1983–1987)
        2. Pupuke Robati
          Pupuke Robati
          Sir Pupuke Robati KBE was a Cook Island politician who was the Prime Minister of the Cook Islands from 29 July 1987 to 1 February 1989....

          , Prime Minister of the Cook Islands
          Prime Minister of the Cook Islands
          The Prime Minister of the Cook Islands is the official rsponsible for heading Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II's government in the Cook Islands, a self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand. The office was established in 1965, when self-government was first granted to the islands...

           (1987–1989)
    • Niue
      Niue
      Niue , is an island country in the South Pacific Ocean. It is commonly known as the "Rock of Polynesia", and inhabitants of the island call it "the Rock" for short. Niue is northeast of New Zealand in a triangle between Tonga to the southwest, the Samoas to the northwest, and the Cook Islands to...

       (associated state
      Associated state
      An associated state is the minor partner in a formal, free relationship between a political territory with a degree of statehood and a nation, for which no other specific term, such as protectorate, is adopted...

       of New Zealand)
      • Premier - Sir Robert Rex
        Robert Rex
        Sir Robert Richmond Rex, KBE, CMG, was Premier of the Pacific island state of Niue from its establishment as a self-governing territory 19 October 1974 until his death in 1992...

        , Premier of Niue
        Premier of Niue
        The Premier of Niue is Niue's head of government. He or she is elected by the Niue Assembly, and forms a Cabinet consisting of him- or herself and three other members of the Assembly....

         (1974–1992)
    • Tokelau
      Tokelau
      Tokelau is a territory of New Zealand in the South Pacific Ocean that consists of three tropical coral atolls with a combined land area of 10 km2 and a population of approximately 1,400...

       (dependent territory
      Dependent territory
      A dependent territory, dependent area or dependency is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a State, and remains politically outside of the controlling state's integral area....

       of New Zealand)
      • Administrator - Harold Huyton Francis, Administrator of Tokelau (1984–1988)
  • Papua New Guinea
    Papua New Guinea
    Papua New Guinea , officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania, occupying the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and numerous offshore islands...

    • Monarch - Elizabeth II
      Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
      Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...

      , Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–present)
    • Governor-General - Sir Kingsford Dibela
      Kingsford Dibela
      Sir Kingsford Dibela, GCMG was the third Governor-General of Papua New Guinea in 1983 to 1989. He was also the second speaker of the PNG National Parliament from 9 August 1977 to 14 March 1980....

      , Governor-General of Papua New Guinea
      Governor-General of Papua New Guinea
      The Governor-General of Papua New Guinea is the viceregal representative of Queen Elizabeth II, known in Tok Pisin as 'Missis Kwin', Papua New Guinea's head of state, performing the duties of the Queen in her absence...

       (1983–1989)
    • Prime Minister - Paias Wingti
      Paias Wingti
      Paias Wingti is a Papua New Guinean political figure. He served as the third Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea between 1985 and 1988, and again from 1992 to 1994.Wingti is a member of the Jika Tribe of the Western Highlands province...

      , Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea
      Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea
      The Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea, is Papua New Guinea's head of government, consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the National Parliament. Since 2 August 2011, the Prime Minister has been Peter O’Neill of the People's National Congress Party.-List...

       (1985–1988)
  • Pitcairn Islands
    Pitcairn Islands
    The Pitcairn Islands , officially named the Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands, form a group of four volcanic islands in the southern Pacific Ocean. The islands are a British Overseas Territory and overseas territory of the European Union in the Pacific...

     (British dependent territory)
    • Governor -
      1. Terence Daniel O'Leary, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands
        Governor of the Pitcairn Islands
        The Governor of the Pitcairn Islands is the representative of the British crown in the Pitcairn Islands, which are the last remaining British territory in the Pacific Ocean...

         (1984–1987)
      2. Robin Byatt, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands
        Governor of the Pitcairn Islands
        The Governor of the Pitcairn Islands is the representative of the British crown in the Pitcairn Islands, which are the last remaining British territory in the Pacific Ocean...

         (1987–1990)
    • Magistrate - Brian Young
      Brian Young (magistrate)
      Brian Michael John Young served as magistrate of the British Overseas Territory of Pitcairn Island from December 1984 until 1 January 1991. In 2007 Young was found guilty of rape and indecent assault and was sentenced to six years and six months in prison.-Ancestry:-References:...

      , Magistrate of the Pitcairn Islands (1984–1991)
  • Solomon Islands
    Solomon Islands
    Solomon Islands is a sovereign state in Oceania, east of Papua New Guinea, consisting of nearly one thousand islands. It covers a land mass of . The capital, Honiara, is located on the island of Guadalcanal...

    -
    • Monarch - Elizabeth II
      Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
      Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...

      , Queen of the Solomon Islands
      Monarch of the Solomon Islands
      The monarchy of the Solomon Islands is a system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign of the Solomon Islands. The present monarch of the Solomon Islands is Queen Elizabeth II. The Solomon Islands share the Sovereign with a number of Commonwealth realms...

       (1978–present)
    • Governor-General - Sir Baddeley Devesi
      Baddeley Devesi
      Sir Baddeley Devesi GCMG, GCVO is a Solomon Islander politician.He was born in Guadalcanal. He served as the first Governor-General of the Solomon Islands from July 7, 1978 to July 7, 1988...

      , Governor-General of the Solomon Islands
      Governor-General of the Solomon Islands
      The Governor-General of Solomon Islands is the representative of the Queen of Solomon Islands, Elizabeth II. The Queen does not reside in the islands, and so the Governor-General serves as the country's de facto head of state in her absence....

       (1978–1988)
    • Prime Minister - Ezekiel Alebua
      Ezekiel Alebua
      Ezekiel Alebua was the third Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands from 1 December 1986 - 28 March 1989. He was the foreign minister of that country from 1981 to 1982. He was the premier of Guadalcanal province from 1998 to 2003, and antagonized some people in that area for not supporting moves to...

      , Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands
      Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands
      The Prime Minister of Solomon Islands is Solomon Islands' head of government, consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the National Parliament. Solomon Islands is a Commonwealth realm. Since August 2010, the Prime Minister has been Danny Philip of the Reform...

       (1986–1989)
  • Tonga
    Tonga
    Tonga, officially the Kingdom of Tonga , is a state and an archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, comprising 176 islands scattered over of ocean in the South Pacific...

    • Monarch - Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965–2006)
    • Prime Minister - Prince Fatafehi Tu'ipelehake
      Tu'i Pelehake (Fatafehi)
      Sione Ngū Manumataongo Tukuʻaho , also known as HRH Prince Fatafehi Tu'ipelehake, was the youngest son of Sālote Tupou III and was educated in Tonga and Australia. Tu'ipelehake is a traditional high ranking Tongan title....

      , Prime Minister of Tonga
      Prime Minister of Tonga
      This is a list of Prime Ministers of Tonga from the establishment of that office in 1876 until the present day.-List of Premiers/Prime Ministers of Tonga :-External links:*...

       (1965–1991)
  • Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
    Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
    The Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands was a United Nations trust territory in Micronesia administered by the United States from 1947 to 1986.-History:...

     (UN Trust Territory
    United Nations Trust Territories
    United Nations trust territories were the successors of the remaining League of Nations mandates and came into being when the League of Nations ceased to exist in 1946. All of the trust territories were administered through the UN Trusteeship Council...

     administered by the United States)
    • trust territory dissolved on 10 July 1987
    • High Commissioner - Janet J. McCoy, High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
      High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
      The following is a list of the High Commissioners of the United Nations Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, administered by the United States.-Military Governors:*John H. Hoover...

       (1981–1987)
    • Northern Mariana Islands
      Northern Mariana Islands
      The Northern Mariana Islands, officially the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands , is a commonwealth in political union with the United States, occupying a strategic region of the western Pacific Ocean. It consists of 15 islands about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to the Philippines...

       (Commonwealth
      Commonwealth (United States insular area)
      In the terminology of the United States insular areas, a Commonwealth is a type of organized but unincorporated dependent territory.The definition of "Commonwealth" according to current U.S. State Department policy reads: "The term 'Commonwealth' does not describe or provide for any specific...

       of the United States)
      • Governor - Pedro Tenorio
        Pedro Tenorio
        Pedro P. Tenorio was the second and fifth elected Governor of the United States Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.Tenorio was born on Saipan. He graduated from George Washington High School in Guam and attended the University of Guam. He has worked as a schoolteacher, a shipping...

        , Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (1982–1990)
    • Palau
      Palau
      Palau , officially the Republic of Palau , is an island nation in the Pacific Ocean, east of the Philippines and south of Tokyo. In 1978, after three decades as being part of the United Nations trusteeship, Palau chose independence instead of becoming part of the Federated States of Micronesia, a...

      • President - Lazarus Salii
        Lazarus Salii
        Lazarus Eitaro Salii was a politician from Palau. He served as the third President of Palau from 25 October 1985 until he committed suicide on 20 August 1988, amid bribery allegations....

        , President of Palau
        President of Palau
        -List of Presidents of Palau:-Latest election:-See also:*Vice-President of Palau*High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands...

         (1985–1988)
  • Tuvalu
    Tuvalu
    Tuvalu , formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia. Its nearest neighbours are Kiribati, Nauru, Samoa and Fiji. It comprises four reef islands and five true atolls...

    • Monarch - Elizabeth II
      Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
      Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...

      , Queen of Tuvalu (1978–present)
    • Governor-General - Sir Tupua Leupena
      Tupua Leupena
      Sir Tupua Leupena, GCMG, MBE was a political figure from the Pacific nation of Tuvalu.-Governor-General of Tuvalu:...

      , Governor-General of Tuvalu
      Governor-General of Tuvalu
      The Governor-General of Tuvalu is the representative of Queen Elizabeth II as Queen of Tuvalu, the nation's Head of State, and performs the duties of the Queen in her absence.-History:...

       (1986–1990)
    • Prime Minister - Tomasi Puapua
      Tomasi Puapua
      Sir Tomasi Puapua, GCMG, KBE, PC is a political figure from the Pacific nation of Tuvalu.-Prime minister:He was the second Prime Minister of Tuvalu from 1981-1989...

      , Prime Minister of Tuvalu
      Prime Minister of Tuvalu
      The Prime Minister of Tuvalu is the head of government of Tuvalu. According to Tuvalu's constitution, the Prime Minister must always be a member of Parliament, and is elected by Parliament in a secret ballot. Because there are no political parties in Tuvalu, any member of Parliament can be...

       (1981–1989)
  • Vanuatu
    Vanuatu
    Vanuatu , officially the Republic of Vanuatu , is an island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago, which is of volcanic origin, is some east of northern Australia, northeast of New Caledonia, west of Fiji, and southeast of the Solomon Islands, near New Guinea.Vanuatu was...

    -
    • President - Ati George Sokomanu
      Ati George Sokomanu
      Ati George Sokomanu, MBE is a Ni-Vanuatu politician who served as the first president of the country. He was elected President by the Parliament when Vanuatu gained independence in 1980, and served until the end of his term in 1984...

      , President of Vanuatu
      President of Vanuatu
      The President of Vanuatu is the head of state of Vanuatu. The President is elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and the presidents of the regional councils.The President's role is mostly ceremonial...

       (1984–1989)
    • Prime Minister - Walter Lini
      Walter Lini
      Father Walter Hadye Lini was an Anglican priest and the founding Prime Minister of Vanuatu. He was born on Pentecost Island. During the era when Vanuatu was a condominium ruled by the United Kingdom and France, Lini formed the Vanua'aku Pati, which was principally backed by English-speakers...

      , Prime Minister of Vanuatu (1979–1991)
  • Wallis and Futuna
    Wallis and Futuna
    Wallis and Futuna, officially the Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands , is a Polynesian French island territory in the South Pacific between Tuvalu to the northwest, Rotuma of Fiji to the west, the main part of Fiji to the southwest, Tonga to the southeast,...

     (French overseas territory)
    • Administrator-Superior -
      1. Jacques Le Hénaff, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna
        Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna
        The Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna is the representative of the President of the French Republic in Wallis and Futuna. The current Administrator is Michel Jeanjean...

         (1986–1987)
      2. Gérard Lambotte, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna
        Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna
        The Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna is the representative of the President of the French Republic in Wallis and Futuna. The current Administrator is Michel Jeanjean...

         (1987–1988)
    • President of the Territorial Assembly -
      1. Petelo Takatai, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna
        Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna
        Wallis and Futuna elects on territorial level a legislature. The Territorial Assembly has 20 members, elected for a five year term by proportional representation in multi-seat constituencies....

         (1986–1987)
      2. Keleto Lakalaka, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna
        Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna
        Wallis and Futuna elects on territorial level a legislature. The Territorial Assembly has 20 members, elected for a five year term by proportional representation in multi-seat constituencies....

         (1987)
      3. Falakiko Gata, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna
        Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna
        Wallis and Futuna elects on territorial level a legislature. The Territorial Assembly has 20 members, elected for a five year term by proportional representation in multi-seat constituencies....

         (1987–1988)
  • Western Samoa
    • Head of State - Malietoa Tanumafili II, O le Ao o le Malo of Western Samoa
      O le Ao o le Malo
      O le Ao o le Malo is the Samoan head of state, which is the title's rough translation....

       (1962–2007)
    • Prime Minister - Va'ai Kolone
      Va'ai Kolone
      Va'ai Kolone was a Prime Minister of Samoa and a founder of the Human Rights Protection Party in Samoa. He served as Prime Minister twice, first between 13 April and 18 September 1982, and then from 30 December 1985 until 8 April 1988...

      , Prime Minister of Western Samoa (1985–1988)

South America

  • Argentina
    Argentina
    Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...

    -
    • President - Raúl Alfonsín
      Raúl Alfonsín
      Raúl Ricardo Alfonsín was an Argentine lawyer, politician and statesman, who served as the President of Argentina from December 10, 1983, to July 8, 1989. Alfonsín was the first democratically-elected president of Argentina following the military government known as the National Reorganization...

      , President of Argentina (1983–1989)
  • Bolivia
    Bolivia
    Bolivia officially known as Plurinational State of Bolivia , is a landlocked country in central South America. It is the poorest country in South America...

    -
    • President - Víctor Paz Estenssoro
      Víctor Paz Estenssoro
      Ángel Víctor Paz Estenssoro was a politician and president of Bolivia. He ran for president 8 times , winning in 1951, 1960, 1964, and 1985....

      , President of Bolivia
      President of Bolivia
      The President of Bolivia is head of state and head of government of Bolivia. According to the current Constitution, the president is elected by popular vote to a five year term, renewable once...

       (1985–1989)
  • Brazil
    Brazil
    Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...

    -
    • President - José Sarney
      José Sarney
      José Sarney de Araújo Costa is a Brazilian lawyer, writer and politician. He served as president of Brazil from 15 March 1985 to 15 March 1990....

      , President of Brazil (1985–1990)
  • Chile
    Chile
    Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...

    -
    • President - Augusto Pinochet
      Augusto Pinochet
      Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte, more commonly known as Augusto Pinochet , was a Chilean army general and dictator who assumed power in a coup d'état on 11 September 1973...

      , President of Chile
      President of Chile
      The President of the Republic of Chile is both the head of state and the head of government of the Republic of Chile. The President is responsible of the government and state administration...

       (1973–1990)
  • Colombia
    Colombia
    Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia , is a unitary constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. The country is located in northwestern South America, bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the...

    -
    • President - Virgilio Barco Vargas
      Virgilio Barco Vargas
      Virgilio Barco Vargas was a politician and diplomat from Colombia. He was a member of the Colombian Liberal Party and served as president of Colombia from August 7, 1986 until August 7, 1990....

      , President of Colombia (1986–1990)
  • Ecuador
    Ecuador
    Ecuador , officially the Republic of Ecuador is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is one of only two countries in South America, along with Chile, that do not have a border...

    -
    • President - León Febres Cordero
      León Febres Cordero
      León Esteban Febres-Cordero Ribadeneyra was President of Ecuador for a four-year term from 10 August 1984 to 10 August 1988...

      , President of Ecuador (1984–1988)
  • Falkland Islands
    Falkland Islands
    The Falkland Islands are an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean, located about from the coast of mainland South America. The archipelago consists of East Falkland, West Falkland and 776 lesser islands. The capital, Stanley, is on East Falkland...

     (British dependent territory)
    • Governor - Gordon Wesley Jewkes, Governor of the Falkland Islands
      Governor of the Falkland Islands
      The Governor of the Falkland Islands is the representative of the British Crown in the Falkland Islands, acting "in Her Majesty's name and on Her Majesty's behalf" as the islands' de facto head of state in the absence of the British monarch...

       (1985–1988)
    • Chief Executive -
      1. David G. P. Taylor
        David G. P. Taylor
        David George Pendleton Taylor CBE was a British businessman and administrator who served as Chief Executive of the Falklands Islands and Governor of Montserrat....

        , Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands
        Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands
        The Chief Executive of the Falklands Islands is the head of government of the Falkland Islands, as well as head of the public service responsible for the efficient and effective management of the Falkland Islands Government...

         (1983–1987)
      2. Brian Cummings, Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands
        Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands
        The Chief Executive of the Falklands Islands is the head of government of the Falkland Islands, as well as head of the public service responsible for the efficient and effective management of the Falkland Islands Government...

         (1987–1988)
  • Guyana
    Guyana
    Guyana , officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, previously the colony of British Guiana, is a sovereign state on the northern coast of South America that is culturally part of the Anglophone Caribbean. Guyana was a former colony of the Dutch and of the British...

    -
    • President - Desmond Hoyte
      Desmond Hoyte
      Hugh Desmond Hoyte was a Guyanese politician. He served as Prime Minister of Guyana from 1984 to 1985 and President of Guyana from 1985 until 1992.He was born in Guyana's capital, Georgetown...

      , President of Guyana (1985–1992)
    • Prime Minister - Hamilton Green
      Hamilton Green
      Hamilton Green was the prime minister of Guyana from 6 August 1985 to 9 October 1992, during the racial and oppressive dictatorship of the People's National Congress...

      , Prime Minister of Guyana (1985–1992)
  • Paraguay
    Paraguay
    Paraguay , officially the Republic of Paraguay , is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. Paraguay lies on both banks of the Paraguay River, which runs through the center of the...

    -
    • President - Alfredo Stroessner
      Alfredo Stroessner
      Alfredo Stroessner Matiauda, whose name is also spelled Strössner or Strößner , was a Paraguayan military officer and dictator from 1954 to 1989...

      , President of Paraguay (1954–1989)
  • Peru
    Peru
    Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....

    -
    1. Luis Alva Castro
      Luis Alva Castro
      Luis Juan Alva Castro is a Peruvian politician. He was born on February 17, 1942, in the city of Trujillo. He served as the 2nd Vicepresident of the Republic, Prime Minister and President of Peruvian Chamber of Deputies during the government of President Alan García.He was elected to the Peruvian...

      , President of the council of ministers of Peru (1985–1987)
    2. Guillermo Larco Cox
      Guillermo Larco Cox
      Guillermo Larco Cox , civil engineer and Peruvian politician. Member of the Peruvian Aprista Party, achieved the position of Senator and Prime Minister.- Biography :...

      , President of the council of ministers of Peru (1987–1988)
  • Suriname
    Suriname
    Suriname , officially the Republic of Suriname , is a country in northern South America. It borders French Guiana to the east, Guyana to the west, Brazil to the south, and on the north by the Atlantic Ocean. Suriname was a former colony of the British and of the Dutch, and was previously known as...

    -
    • De facto leader - Dési Bouterse
      Dési Bouterse
      Desiré Delano "Dési" Bouterse is the 9th and current President of Suriname.As an army officer, he was the de facto leader of Suriname through most of the 1980s, serving as Chairman of the National Military Council...

      , Chairman of the National Military Council (1980–1988)
    • President - Fred Ramdat Misier
      Fred Ramdat Misier
      Lachmipersad Frederik "Fred" Ramdat Misier was the 3rd President of Suriname, serving from 1982 to 1988.-Early life:He was born on 28 October 1926 in Paramaribo, Suriname...

      , Acting President of Suriname
      President of Suriname
      The President of the Republic of Suriname is, in accordance with the Constitution of 1987, the head of state, head of government, and commander-in-chief of Suriname....

       (1982–1988)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Pretaap Radhakishun
        Pretaap Radhakishun
        Pretaapnarian Shawh Radhecheran Radhakishun was a Surinamese politician. He was Prime Minister of Suriname from July 1986 to April 1987....

        , Prime Minister of Suriname (1986–1987)
      2. Jules Wijdenbosch
        Jules Wijdenbosch
        Jules Albert Wijdenbosch is a politician in Suriname. He was a member of the National Democratic Party, which held absolute power in Suriname during the 1980s. He was Prime Minister from April 1987 until January 1988, Vice President from January 1991 until September 1991, and President from...

        , Prime Minister of Suriname (1987–1988)
  • Uruguay
    Uruguay
    Uruguay ,officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay,sometimes the Eastern Republic of Uruguay; ) is a country in the southeastern part of South America. It is home to some 3.5 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the capital Montevideo and its metropolitan area...

    -
  • Venezuela
    Venezuela
    Venezuela , officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It borders Colombia to the west, Guyana to the east, and Brazil to the south...

    -
    • President - Jaime Lusinchi
      Jaime Lusinchi
      Jaime Ramón Lusinchi is a Venezuelan politician who was the President of Venezuela from 1984 to 1989. His term was characterized by an economic crisis, growth of the External debt, populist policies, currency depreciation, inflation and corruption that exacerbated the crisis of the political...

      , President of Venezuela (1984–1989)
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