Africa

• Algeria
  Algeria
  Algeria , officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria , also formally referred to as the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of Northwest Africa with Algiers as its capital.In terms of land area, it is the largest country in Africa and the Arab...
  
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  • President – Liamine Zéroual
    Liamine Zéroual
    Liamine Zéroual was the ninth President of Algeria from 31 January 1994 to 27 April 1999.He was born in Batna and joined the National Liberation Army in 1957, at the age of 16, to fight French rule of Algeria. After independence, he received training in Cairo, Moscow, and Paris...
    
    , President of Algeria (1994–1999)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Ahmed Ouyahia
       Ahmed Ouyahia
       Ahmed Ouyahia is an Algerian politician who has been Prime Minister of Algeria since June 2008. He was previously Prime Minister from 1995 to 1998 and from 2003 to 2006. A career diplomat, he also served as Minister of Justice, and was one of the founders and a president of the RND party...
       
       , Prime Minister of Algeria
       Prime Minister of Algeria
       The Prime Minister is the head of government of Algeria.The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Algeria, along with other ministers and members of the government that the new Prime Minister recommends. The People's National Assembly must approve the legislative program of the new...
       
        (1995–1998)
    2. Smail Hamdani
       Smail Hamdani
       Smail Hamdani is an Algerian politician. He was Prime Minister from 15 December 1998 to 23 December 1999. , AFP News Agency, Retrieved October 29, 2010-References:...
       
       , Prime Minister of Algeria
       Prime Minister of Algeria
       The Prime Minister is the head of government of Algeria.The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Algeria, along with other ministers and members of the government that the new Prime Minister recommends. The People's National Assembly must approve the legislative program of the new...
       
        (1998–1999)
• Angola
  Angola
  Angola, officially the Republic of Angola , is a country in south-central Africa bordered by Namibia on the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the north, and Zambia on the east; its west coast is on the Atlantic Ocean with Luanda as its capital city...
  
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  • President – José Eduardo dos Santos
    José Eduardo dos Santos
    José Eduardo dos Santos is an Angolan politician who has been the second and current President of Angola since 1979. As President, José Eduardo dos Santos is also the commander in chief of the Angolan Armed Forces and president of the MPLA , the party that has been ruling Angola since...
    
    , President of Angola
    President of Angola
    The President of the Republic of Angola is both head of state and head of government in Angola. While the President appoints a Prime Minister, executive authority usually belongs to the President....
    
     (1979–present)
  • Prime Minister – Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem
    Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem
    Dr. Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem is an Angolan political figure who was the First Vice-President of the African Union's Pan-African Parliament...
    
    , Prime Minister of Angola
    Prime Minister of Angola
    The Prime Minister of Angola is a high government official in Angola, but is not the head of government.Along with the rest of the Council of Ministers, the Prime Minister is appointed by the President. The position was originally created when Angola achieved independence from Portugal on 11...
    
     (1996–1999)
• Benin
  Benin
  Benin , officially the Republic of Benin, is a country in West Africa. It borders Togo to the west, Nigeria to the east and Burkina Faso and Niger to the north. Its small southern coastline on the Bight of Benin is where a majority of the population is located...
  
  
  • President – Mathieu Kérékou
    Mathieu Kérékou
    Mathieu Kérékou, was President of Benin from 1972 to 1991 and again from 1996 to 2006. After seizing power in a military coup, he ruled the country for 17 years, for most of that time under an officially Marxist-Leninist ideology, before he was stripped of his powers by the National Conference of...
    
    , President of Benin (1996–2006)
  • Prime Minister – Adrien Houngbédji
    Adrien Houngbédji
    Adrien Houngbédji is a Beninese politician and the leader of the Democratic Renewal Party , one of Benin's main political parties. He was President of the National Assembly of Benin from 1991 to 1995, Prime Minister of Benin from 1996 to 1998, and President of the National Assembly for a second...
    
    , Prime Minister of Benin (1996–1998)
• Botswana
  Botswana
  Botswana, officially the Republic of Botswana , is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa. The citizens are referred to as "Batswana" . Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name after becoming independent within the Commonwealth on 30 September 1966...
  
  
  • President –
    1. Sir Quett Masire
       Quett Masire
       Quett Ketumile Joni Masire, GCMG was the second President of Botswana for the Botswana Democratic Party from 1980 to 1998. He stepped down and was succeeded by the then Vice-President of Botswana, Festus Mogae, who became the third President of Botswana...
       
       , President of Botswana
       Heads of state of Botswana
       -Presidents of Botswana :- Affiliations :- See also :*Heads of government of Botswana*Vice-President of Botswana*Colonial heads of Botswana *Lists of office-holders...
       
        (1980–1998)
    2. Festus Mogae
       Festus Mogae
       Festus Gontebanye Mogae is a Botswana politician who was President of Botswana from 1998 to 2008. He succeeded Quett Masire as President in 1998 and was reelected in October 2004; after ten years in office, he stepped down in 2008 and was succeeded by Lieutenant General Ian Khama...
       
       , President of Botswana
       Heads of state of Botswana
       -Presidents of Botswana :- Affiliations :- See also :*Heads of government of Botswana*Vice-President of Botswana*Colonial heads of Botswana *Lists of office-holders...
       
        (1998–2008)
• Burkina Faso
  Burkina Faso
  Burkina Faso – also known by its short-form name Burkina – is a landlocked country in west Africa. It is surrounded by six countries: Mali to the north, Niger to the east, Benin to the southeast, Togo and Ghana to the south, and Côte d'Ivoire to the southwest.Its size is with an estimated...
  
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  • President – Blaise Compaoré
    Blaise Compaoré
    Blaise Compaoré has been the President of Burkina Faso since 1987 following a coup d'état that ousted then-President Thomas Sankara. In 2011, a mutiny by soldiers over unpaid housing allowances forced him to flee the capital for his hometown...
    
    , President of Burkina Faso
    Heads of state of Burkina Faso
    -List of heads of state of Burkina Faso:-Affiliations:-Latest election:-See also:*Burkina Faso**Heads of government of Burkina Faso**Colonial heads of Burkina Faso...
    
     (1987–present)
  • Prime Minister – Kadré Désiré Ouedraogo
    Kadré Désiré Ouedraogo
    Kadré Désiré Ouedraogo served as Prime Minister of Burkina Faso from 6 February 1996 to 7 November 2000. Since 2001, Ouedraogo has been ambassador to the United Kingdom....
    
    , Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (1996–2000)
• Burundi
  Burundi
  Burundi , officially the Republic of Burundi , is a landlocked country in the Great Lakes region of Eastern Africa bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. Its capital is Bujumbura...
  
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  • President – Pierre Buyoya
    Pierre Buyoya
    Major Pierre Buyoya is a Burundian politician who has ruled Burundi twice, from 1987 to 1993 and from 1996 to 2003...
    
    , President of Burundi (1996–2003)
  • Prime Minister – Pascal-Firmin Ndimira
    Pascal-Firmin Ndimira
    Pascal-Firmin Ndimira was Prime Minister of Burundi from 13 June 1994 until 12 July 1998, when the post was abolished.Ndimira, an ethnic Hutu from Ngozi province, is a member of the Union for National Progress party.-References:...
    
    . Prime Minister of Burundi
    Heads of government of Burundi
    -List of Heads of Government of Burundi:-Affiliations:-See also:*Burundi**Kings of Burundi**Presidents of Burundi**Vice-Presidents of Burundi**Provincial governors of Burundi...
    
     (1996–1998)
• Cameroon
  Cameroon
  Cameroon, officially the Republic of Cameroon , is a country in west Central Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west; Chad to the northeast; the Central African Republic to the east; and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of the Congo to the south. Cameroon's coastline lies on the...
  
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  • President – Paul Biya
    Paul Biya
    Paul Biya is a Cameroonian politician who has been the President of Cameroon since 6 November 1982. A native of Cameroon's south, Biya rose rapidly as a bureaucrat under President Ahmadou Ahidjo in the 1960s, serving as Secretary-General of the Presidency from 1968 to 1975 and then as Prime...
    
    , President of Cameroon
    Heads of state of Cameroon
    -Presidents of Cameroon :-Affiliations:-Latest election:-See also:*Politics of Cameroon*Heads of government of Cameroon*Colonial heads of Cameroon...
    
     (1982–present)
  • Prime Minister – Peter Mafany Musonge
    Peter Mafany Musonge
    Peter Mafany Musonge was the Prime Minister of Cameroon from September 1996 until December 8, 2004.-Biography:Musonge was born at Muea in the Fako Department of Cameroon's South-West Province...
    
    , Prime Minister of Cameroon
    Prime Minister of Cameroon
    Under the current constitution of Cameroon, the Prime Minister of Cameroon is a relatively powerless executive. While the Prime Minister is officially appointed to be the head of government, the President retains most of the executive power and can fire the Prime Minister at will.-History:The...
    
     (1996–2004)
• Cape Verde
  Cape Verde
  The Republic of Cape Verde is an island country, spanning an archipelago of 10 islands located in the central Atlantic Ocean, 570 kilometres off the coast of Western Africa...
  
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  • President – António Mascarenhas Monteiro
    António Mascarenhas Monteiro
    António Manuel Mascarenhas Gomes Monteiro was the President of Cape Verde from March 22, 1991 to March 22, 2001.-Education:Monteiro went to university in Belgium and graduated with his law degree from the Catholic University of Leuven...
    
    , President of Cape Verde
    Heads of state of Cape Verde
    -Presidents of Cape Verde :-Affiliations:-Latest election:- See also :*Cape Verde**Heads of government of Cape Verde**Colonial heads of Cape Verde...
    
     (1991–2001)
  • Prime Minister – Carlos Veiga
    Carlos Veiga
    Carlos Alberto Wahnon de Carvalho Veiga is a Cape Verdean politician. He was Prime Minister of Cape Verde from April 4, 1991 to July 29, 2000, and he unsuccessfully ran for President as the candidate of the Movement for Democracy in 2001 and 2006....
    
    , Prime Minister of Cape Verde
    Heads of government of Cape Verde
    -Prime Ministers of Cape Verde :-Affiliations:-See also:*Cape Verde**Heads of state of Cape Verde**Colonial heads of Cape Verde**List of political parties in Cape Verde...
    
     (1991–2000)
• Central African Republic
  Central African Republic
  The Central African Republic , is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It borders Chad in the north, Sudan in the north east, South Sudan in the east, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo in the south, and Cameroon in the west. The CAR covers a land area of about ,...
  
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  • President – Ange-Félix Patassé
    Ange-Félix Patassé
    Ange-Félix Patassé was a Central African politician who was President of the Central African Republic from 1993 until 2003, when he was deposed by the rebel leader François Bozizé...
    
    , President of the Central African Republic (1993–2003)
  • Prime Minister – Michel Gbezera-Bria
    Michel Gbezera-Bria
    Michel Gbezera-Bria is a Central African politician who was Prime Minister of the Central African Republic from 1997 to 1999.-Biography:...
    
    , Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (1997–1999)
• Chad
  Chad
  Chad , officially known as the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west...
  
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  • President – Idriss Déby
    Idriss Déby
    General Idriss Déby Itno is the President of Chad and the head of the Patriotic Salvation Movement. Déby is of the Bidyat clan of the Zaghawa ethnic group. He added "Itno" to his surname in January 2006.-Rise to power:...
    
    , President of Chad
    Heads of state of Chad
    -List of Heads of State of Chad:-Affiliations:-External links:**...
    
     (1990–present)
  • Prime Minister – Nassour Guelendouksia Ouaido
    Nassour Guelendouksia Ouaido
    Nassour Guelendouksia Ouaido is a Chadian politician. He was Prime Minister of Chad from 1997 to 1999 and was President of the National Assembly of Chad from 2002 to 2011.A southerner, he was born in 1947 at Gounou Gaya....
    
    , Prime Minister of Chad (1997–1999)
• Comoros
  Comoros
  The Comoros , officially the Union of the Comoros is an archipelago island nation in the Indian Ocean, located off the eastern coast of Africa, on the northern end of the Mozambique Channel, between northeastern Mozambique and northwestern Madagascar...
  
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  • President –
    1. Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim
       Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim
       Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim was President of the Comoros from 25 March 1996 until his death on 6 November 1998.-His Life:...
       
       , President of Comoros
       Heads of state of Comoros
       -List of Heads of State of the Comoros:- Affiliations :-See also:*Comoros**Heads of government of the Comoros**Colonial heads of the Comoros*Lists of office-holders...
       
        (1996–1998)
    2. Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde
       Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde
       Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde was a Comorian politician.Massounde served as Prime Minister from 27 March 1996 to 27 December 1996. After the death of President Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim on 6 November 1998, he became interim President. His government was overthrown in a 30 April 1999 military coup...
       
       , Interim President of Comoros
       Heads of state of Comoros
       -List of Heads of State of the Comoros:- Affiliations :-See also:*Comoros**Heads of government of the Comoros**Colonial heads of the Comoros*Lists of office-holders...
       
        (1998–1999)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Nourdine Bourhane
       Nourdine Bourhane
       Nourdine Bourhane is a politician from the Comoros and one of the Vice Presidents of the Comoros since May 2011. Previously, Bourhane served as prime minister of Comoros from December 1997 to May 1998....
       
       , Prime Minister of Comoros
       Heads of government of the Comoros
       -List of Heads of Government of the Comoros:-Affiliations:-See also:*Comoros**Heads of state of the Comoros**Colonial heads of the Comoros*Lists of office-holders...
       
        (1997–1998)
    2. Abbas Djoussouf
       Abbas Djoussouf
       Abbas Djoussouf was a politician in The Comoros. He was Prime Minister from 22 November 1998 until 30 April 1999. He was the main opposition leader when named Prime Minister by Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde in a move to help soothe secessionist movements across The Comoros...
       
       , Prime Minister of Comoros
       Heads of government of the Comoros
       -List of Heads of Government of the Comoros:-Affiliations:-See also:*Comoros**Heads of state of the Comoros**Colonial heads of the Comoros*Lists of office-holders...
       
        (1998–1999)
  • Anjouan
    Anjouan
    Anjouan is an autonomous island, part of the Union of Comoros. The island is located in the Indian Ocean. Its capital is Mutsamudu and its population as of 2006 is about 277,500. The total area of the island is 424 sq. kilometers Anjouan (also known as Ndzuwani or Nzwani) is an autonomous island,...
    
     (unrecognized secessionist state)
    • President – Foundi Abdallah Ibrahim, President of Anjouan
      President of Anjouan
      The President of Anjouan is the head of Anjouan, one of the three islands of the Union of Comoros. The position was firstly established in 1997 after the Declaration of independence of Anjouan...
      
       (1997–1999)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Chamasse Said Omar, Prime Minister of Anjouan (1998)
      2. Abdou Mohamed Mhindi, Prime Minister of Anjouan (1998)
  • Mohéli
    Mohéli
    Mohéli, also known as Mwali, is one of the three islands which make up the nation of Comoros. Mohéli is located in the Indian Ocean off the coast of Africa. It is by far the smallest of the Comoros islands. Its population, as of 2006, is about 38,000. Its capital city is Fomboni...
    
     (unrecognized secessionist state)
    • President – Said Mohamed Soefu, President of Mohéli
      President of Mohéli
      The President of Mohéli is the head of the autonomous government of Mohéli, the smallest island of the Comoros. The position was established in 2002 following the adoption of the Comorian Constitution of 2001....
      
       (1997–1998)
    • Prime Minister – Soidri Ahmed, Prime Minister of Mohéli (1997–1998)
• Congo–Brazzaville (Republic of the Congo)
  Republic of the Congo
  The Republic of the Congo , sometimes known locally as Congo-Brazzaville, is a state in Central Africa. It is bordered by Gabon, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo , the Angolan exclave province of Cabinda, and the Gulf of Guinea.The region was dominated by...
  
  
  • President – Denis Sassou Nguesso
    Denis Sassou Nguesso
    Denis Sassou Nguesso is a Congolese politician who has been the President of Congo-Brazzaville since 1997; he was previously President from 1979 to 1992. During his first period as President, he headed the single-party regime of the Congolese Labour Party for 12 years...
    
    , President of the Republic of the Congo
    Heads of state of the Republic of the Congo
    -List of Heads of State of the Republic of the Congo :-Affiliations:-See also:*Congo*Republic of the Congo**List of heads of government of the Republic of the Congo...
    
     (1997–present)
• Congo–Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
  Democratic Republic of the Congo
  The Democratic Republic of the Congo is a state located in Central Africa. It is the second largest country in Africa by area and the eleventh largest in the world...
  
  
  • President – Laurent-Désiré Kabila
    Laurent-Désiré Kabila
    Laurent-Désiré Kabila was President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from May 17, 1997, when he overthrew Mobutu Sese Seko, until his assassination by his bodyguards on January 18, 2001...
    
    , President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
    Heads of state of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
    This is the list of the Heads of State of the Democratic Republic of the Congo since independence in 1960. The current head of state is President Joseph Kabila, since 26 January 2001.-Heads of State:-Affiliations:...
    
     (1997–2001)
• Côte d'Ivoire
  Côte d'Ivoire
  The Republic of Côte d'Ivoire or Ivory Coast is a country in West Africa. It has an area of , and borders the countries Liberia, Guinea, Mali, Burkina Faso and Ghana; its southern boundary is along the Gulf of Guinea. The country's population was 15,366,672 in 1998 and was estimated to be...
  
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  • President – Henri Konan Bédié
    Henri Konan Bédié
    Aimé Henri Konan Bédié is an Ivorian politician. He was President of Côte d'Ivoire from 1993 to 1999, and he is currently the President of the Democratic Party of Côte d'Ivoire - African Democratic Rally .-Biography:...
    
    , President of Côte d'Ivoire
    Heads of state of Côte d'Ivoire
    -Presidents of Côte d'Ivoire :-Affiliations:-See also:*Côte d'Ivoire**Heads of government of Côte d'Ivoire**Colonial heads of the Côte d'Ivoire...
    
     (1993–1999)
  • Prime Minister – Daniel Kablan Duncan
    Daniel Kablan Duncan
    Daniel Kablan Duncan is a Ivorian politician who was Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire from 11 December 1993 to 24 December 1999. Since June 2011, he has served in the government as Minister of Foreign Affairs....
    
    , Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire
    Heads of government of Côte d'Ivoire
    -Prime Ministers of Côte d'Ivoire :-Affiliations:-Sources:*http://www.rulers.org* Guinness Book of Kings Rulers & Statesmen, Clive Carpenter, Guinness Superlatives Ltd...
    
     (1993–1999)
• Djibouti
  Djibouti
  Djibouti , officially the Republic of Djibouti , is a country in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Eritrea in the north, Ethiopia in the west and south, and Somalia in the southeast. The remainder of the border is formed by the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden at the east...
  
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  • President – Hassan Gouled Aptidon
    Hassan Gouled Aptidon
    Hassan Gouled Aptidon was the first President of Djibouti from 1977 to 1999.-Biography:...
    
    , President of Djibouti
    Heads of state of Djibouti
    -Presidents of Djibouti :-Affiliations:-See also:*Djibouti**Heads of government of Djibouti*French Territory of the Afars and the Issas *French Somaliland...
    
     (1977–1999)
  • Prime Minister – Barkat Gourad Hamadou
    Barkat Gourad Hamadou
    Barkat Gourad Hamadou was the Prime Minister of Djibouti from 2 October 1978 until 7 March 2001.-Political career:Hamadou is a member of the Afar ethnic group and was born in Dikhil Region, in the southwest of Djibouti...
    
    , Prime Minister of Djibouti
    Heads of government of Djibouti
    -Prime Ministers of Djibouti :-Affiliations:-See also:*Djibouti**Heads of state of Djibouti*French Territory of the Afars and the Issas *French Somaliland...
    
     (1978–2001)
• Egypt
  Egypt
  Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...
  
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  • President – Hosni Mubarak
    Hosni Mubarak
    Muhammad Hosni Sayyid Mubarak is a former Egyptian politician and military commander. He served as the fourth President of Egypt from 1981 to 2011....
    
    , President of Egypt
    President of Egypt
    The President of the Arab Republic of Egypt is the head of state of Egypt.Under the Constitution of Egypt, the president is also the supreme commander of the armed forces and head of the executive branch of the Egyptian government....
    
     (1981–2011)
  • Prime Minister – Kamal Ganzouri
    Kamal Ganzouri
    Kamal Ganzouri is an Egyptian economist who became Prime Minister-Designate of Egypt in November 2011. He served as Prime Minister from 1996 to 1999. He came to power in 1996 succeeding Atef Sedki, and was in turn succeeded by Atef Ebeid in 1999...
    
    , Prime Minister of Egypt (1996–1999)
• Equatorial Guinea
  Equatorial Guinea
  Equatorial Guinea, officially the Republic of Equatorial Guinea where the capital Malabo is situated.Annobón is the southernmost island of Equatorial Guinea and is situated just south of the equator. Bioko island is the northernmost point of Equatorial Guinea. Between the two islands and to the...
  
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  • President – Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
    Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
    Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo is an Equatoguinean politician who has been President of Equatorial Guinea since 1979. He ousted his uncle, Francisco Macías Nguema, in an August 1979 military coup and has overseen Equatorial Guinea's emergence as an important oil producer, beginning in the 1990s...
    
    , President of Equatorial Guinea
    Heads of state of Equatorial Guinea
    -Presidents of Equatorial Guinea :-Affiliations:-See also:*Equatorial Guinea**Heads of government of Equatorial Guinea...
    
     (1979–present)
  • Prime Minister – Ángel Serafín Seriche Dougan
    Ángel Serafín Seriche Dougan
    Ángel Serafín Seriche Dougan was Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea from April 1, 1996 to March 4, 2001.Beginning in 2000, Dougan's government was subjected to serious criticism from the parliamentary majority with regard to allegations of corruption. This led to what was described as an...
    
    , Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea
    Heads of government of Equatorial Guinea
    -Prime Ministers of Equatorial Guinea :-Affiliations:-See also:*Equatorial Guinea**Heads of state of Equatorial Guinea...
    
     (1996–2001)
• Eritrea
  Eritrea
  Eritrea , officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa. Eritrea derives it's name from the Greek word Erethria, meaning 'red land'. The capital is Asmara. It is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast...
  
  
  • President – Isaias Afewerki
    Isaias Afewerki
    Isaias Afewerki is the first and current President of Eritrea, attaining that status when he led the Eritrean People's Liberation Front to victory in May 1991, thus ending the 30-year old armed liberation struggle that the Eritrean people refer to as "Gedli".-Early life and rise to power:Afewerki...
    
    , President of Eritrea
    Heads of state of Eritrea
    This page contains a list of the heads of state of Eritrea.-Presidents of Eritrea :-Affiliations:-External links:*...
    
     (1991–present)
• Ethiopia
  Ethiopia
  Ethiopia , officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is the second-most populous nation in Africa, with over 82 million inhabitants, and the tenth-largest by area, occupying 1,100,000 km2...
  
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  • President – Negasso Gidada
    Negasso Gidada
    Dr. Negasso Gidada Solon was the President of Ethiopia from 1995 until 2001. He is the son of Gidada Solon, one of the first local ministers of the Protestant church in the Dembidolo area in western Ethiopia.Dr...
    
    , President of Ethiopia (1995–2001)
  • Prime Minister – Meles Zenawi
    Meles Zenawi
    Meles Zenawi Asres is the Prime Minister of Ethiopia. Since 1985, he has been chairman of the Tigrayan Peoples' Liberation Front , and is currently head of the ruling Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front .Meles was born in Adwa, Tigray in Northern Ethiopia, to an Ethiopian father from...
    
    , Prime Minister of Ethiopia
    Heads of government of Ethiopia
    This page contains a list of the Prime Ministers of Ethiopia.-Heads of Government of Ethiopia :-Affiliations:-See also:*List of Emperors of Ethiopia...
    
     (1995–present)
• Gabon
  Gabon
  Gabon , officially the Gabonese Republic is a state in west central Africa sharing borders with Equatorial Guinea to the northwest, Cameroon to the north, and with the Republic of the Congo curving around the east and south. The Gulf of Guinea, an arm of the Atlantic Ocean is to the west...
  
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  • President – Omar Bongo
    Omar Bongo
    El Hadj Omar Bongo Ondimba , born as Albert-Bernard Bongo, was a Gabonese politician who was President of Gabon for 42 years from 1967 until his death in office in 2009....
    
    , President of Gabon
    Heads of state of Gabon
    -Presidents of Gabon :-Affiliations:-Sources:* http://www.rulers.org/rulg1.html#gabon...
    
     (1967–2009)
  • Prime Minister – Paulin Obame-Nguema
    Paulin Obame-Nguema
    Dr. Paulin Obame-Nguema is a Gabonese politician who was the Prime Minister of Gabon from 2 November 1994 to 23 January 1999. He is currently a Deputy in the National Assembly of Gabon.-Prime Minister :...
    
    , Prime Minister of Gabon
    Heads of government of Gabon
    -Prime Ministers of Gabon :-Affiliations:- Sources :* http://www.rulers.org/rulg1.html#gabon...
    
     (1994–1999)
• The Gambia
  The Gambia
  The Republic of The Gambia, commonly referred to as The Gambia, or Gambia , is a country in West Africa. Gambia is the smallest country on mainland Africa, surrounded by Senegal except for a short coastline on the Atlantic Ocean in the west....
  
  
  • President – Yahya Jammeh
    Yahya Jammeh
    Alhaji Dr. Yahya Abdul-Aziz Jemus Junkung Jammeh is the President of The Gambia...
    
    , President of The Gambia
    Heads of state of the Gambia
    -Heads of State of The Gambia :-Affiliations:*PPP - People's Progressive Party*APRC - Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction*Mil - Military of the Gambia...
    
     (1994–present)
• Ghana
  Ghana
  Ghana , officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country located in West Africa. It is bordered by Côte d'Ivoire to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, Togo to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea to the south...
  
  
  • President – Jerry Rawlings
    Jerry Rawlings
    Jerry John Rawlings is a former leader of the Republic of Ghana and now the African Union envoy to Somalia. Rawlings ruled Ghana as a military dictator in 1979 and from 1981 to 1992 and then as the first elected president of the Fourth Republic from 1993 to 2001...
    
    , President of Ghana
    Heads of state of Ghana
    Prior to independence in 1957, Ghana was known as the British colony of Gold Coast. Before then it had been divided among a number of states, by far the largest of which was the Ashanti Empire, whose rulers were known as the Asantehene....
    
     (1981–2001)
• Guinea
  Guinea
  Guinea , officially the Republic of Guinea , is a country in West Africa. Formerly known as French Guinea , it is today sometimes called Guinea-Conakry to distinguish it from its neighbour Guinea-Bissau. Guinea is divided into eight administrative regions and subdivided into thirty-three prefectures...
  
   –
  • President – Lansana Conté
    Lansana Conté
    Lansana Conté was the second President of Guinea from 3 April 1984 until his death. He was a Muslim and a member of the Susu ethnic group.-Early life:...
    
    , President of Guinea
    Heads of state of Guinea
    -List of Heads of State of Guinea:For Colonial Heads prior to independence, see: Colonial Heads of Guinea-Affiliations:-Latest election:-See also:*Guinea**Colonial Heads of Guinea...
    
     (1984–2008)
  • Prime Minister – Sidya Touré
    Sidya Touré
    Sidya Touré is a Guinean politician. He was Prime Minister of Guinea from 1996 to 1999 and is currently the President of the Union of Republican Forces , an opposition party.-Prime minister:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Guinea
    Heads of government of Guinea
    -List of Heads of Government of Guinea:-Affiliations:-See also:*Guinea**Heads of State of Guinea**Colonial Heads of Guinea*Lists of incumbents-External links:Government *...
    
     (1996–1999)
• Guinea-Bissau
  Guinea-Bissau
  The Republic of Guinea-Bissau is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Senegal to the north, and Guinea to the south and east, with the Atlantic Ocean to its west....
  
   –
  • President – João Bernardo Vieira
    João Bernardo Vieira
    João Bernardo "Nino" Vieira was the President of Guinea-Bissau from 1980 to 1999 and again from 2005 to 2009. After seizing power in 1980, Vieira ruled for 19 years, and he won a multiparty presidential election in 1994. He was ousted at the end of the 1998–1999 civil war and went into exile...
    
    , President of Guinea-Bissau
    Heads of state of Guinea-Bissau
    -Presidents of Guinea-Bissau :-Affiliations:-Latest election:-See also:*Guinea-Bissau**List of heads of government of Guinea-Bissau...
    
     (1984–1999)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Carlos Correia
       Carlos Correia
       Carlos Correia is a Guinea-Bissau politician. He was Prime Minister from 27 December 1991 to 26 October 1994, from 6 June 1997 to 3 December 1998, and from 5 August 2008 to 25 December 2008....
       
       , Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau
       Heads of government of Guinea-Bissau
       -Prime Ministers of Guinea-Bissau :-Affiliations:-See also:*Guinea-Bissau**List of heads of state of Guinea-Bissau**List of colonial heads of Portuguese Guinea...
       
        (1997–1998)
    2. Francisco Fadul
       Francisco Fadul
       Francisco José Fadul is a Guinea-Bissau politician who was Prime Minister from 3 December 1998 to 19 February 2000. He led the United Social Democratic Party , one of the country's main political parties, from 2002 to 2006....
       
       , Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau
       Heads of government of Guinea-Bissau
       -Prime Ministers of Guinea-Bissau :-Affiliations:-See also:*Guinea-Bissau**List of heads of state of Guinea-Bissau**List of colonial heads of Portuguese Guinea...
       
        (1998–2000)
• Kenya
  Kenya
  Kenya , officially known as the Republic of Kenya, is a country in East Africa that lies on the equator, with the Indian Ocean to its south-east...
  
  
  • President – Daniel arap Moi
    Daniel arap Moi
    Daniel Toroitich arap Moi was the President of Kenya from 1978 until 2002.Daniel arap Moi is popularly known to Kenyans as 'Nyayo', a Swahili word for 'footsteps'...
    
    , President of Kenya
    Heads of state of Kenya
    -Heads of State of Kenya :-Affiliations:*KANU - Kenya African National Union*PNU - Party of National Unity-Latest election:-See also:*List of colonial heads of Kenya*Kenya**Heads of Government of Kenya**Vice-Presidents of Kenya...
    
     (1978–2002)
• Lesotho
  Lesotho
  Lesotho , officially the Kingdom of Lesotho, is a landlocked country and enclave, surrounded by the Republic of South Africa. It is just over in size with a population of approximately 2,067,000. Its capital and largest city is Maseru. Lesotho is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. The name...
  
   –
  • Monarch – Letsie III
    Letsie III of Lesotho
    Letsie III is the reigning king of Lesotho. He succeeded his father, Moshoeshoe II, when the latter was forced into exile in 1990. His father was briefly restored in 1995 but soon died in a car crash in early 1996, and Letsie became king again...
    
    , King of Lesotho (1996–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Ntsu Mokhehle
       Ntsu Mokhehle
       Ntsu Mokhehle was a Lesotho politician. He served as Prime Minister of the country from 2 April 1993 to 17 August 1994 and from 14 September 1994 to 29 May 1998.Mokhehle was born in Teyateyaneng...
       
       , Prime Minister of Lesotho (1994–1998)
    2. Pakalitha Mosisili
       Pakalitha Mosisili
       Bethuel Pakalitha Mosisili has been the Prime Minister of Lesotho since May 29, 1998. He led his party, the Lesotho Congress for Democracy , to a near-total victory in the 1998 election, and under his leadership the party also won majorities in the 2002 and 2007 elections...
       
       , Prime Minister of Lesotho (1998–present)
• Liberia
  Liberia
  Liberia , officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Sierra Leone on the west, Guinea on the north and Côte d'Ivoire on the east. Liberia's coastline is composed of mostly mangrove forests while the more sparsely populated inland consists of forests that open...
  
  
  • President – Charles Taylor, President of Liberia (1997–2003)
• Libya
  • De facto Head of State – Muammar Gaddafi
    Muammar Gaddafi
    Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar Gaddafi or "September 1942" 20 October 2011), commonly known as Muammar Gaddafi or Colonel Gaddafi, was the official ruler of the Libyan Arab Republic from 1969 to 1977 and then the "Brother Leader" of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011.He seized power in a...
    
    , Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1969–2011)
  • Nominal Head of State – Muhammad az-Zanati, General Secretary of the General People's Congress of Libya (1992–2008)
  • Head of Government – Muhammad Ahmad al-Mangoush
    Muhammad Ahmad al-Mangoush
    Muhammad Ahmad al-Mangoush was General Secretary of the People's Committee in Libya from 29 December 1997 to 1 March 2000.-References:*...
    
    , General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (1997–2000)
• Madagascar
  Madagascar
  The Republic of Madagascar is an island country located in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa...
  
   –
  • President – Didier Ratsiraka
    Didier Ratsiraka
    Vice Admiral Didier Ratsiraka is a Malagasy politician who was President of Madagascar from 1975 to 1993 and from 1997 to 2002.-Second Republic:...
    
    , President of Madagascar (1997–2002)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Pascal Rakotomavo
       Pascal Rakotomavo
       Pascal Joseph Rakotomavo was a Malagasy politician. He was the Prime Minister of Madagascar from 21 February 1997 to 23 July 1998....
       
       , Prime Minister of Madagascar (1997–1998)
    2. Tantely Andrianarivo
       Tantely Andrianarivo
       René Tantely Gabrio Andrianarivo was a politician in Madagascar. He was the Prime Minister of Madagascar from 23 July 1998 until 31 May 2002, under President Didier Ratsiraka....
       
       , Prime Minister of Madagascar (1998–2002)
• Malawi
  Malawi
  The Republic of Malawi is a landlocked country in southeast Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland. It is bordered by Zambia to the northwest, Tanzania to the northeast, and Mozambique on the east, south and west. The country is separated from Tanzania and Mozambique by Lake Malawi. Its size...
  
  
  • President – Bakili Muluzi
    Bakili Muluzi
    Elson Bakili Muluzi is a Malawian politician. He was the President of Malawi from 1994 to 2004 and was Chairman of the United Democratic Front until 2009.-Presidency:...
    
    , President of Malawi
    Heads of state of Malawi
    -Heads of State of Malawi :-Affiliations:*MCP - Malawi Congress Party*UDF - United Democratic Front*DPP - Democratic Progressive Party-See also:...
    
     (1994–2004)
• Mali
  Mali
  Mali , officially the Republic of Mali , is a landlocked country in Western Africa. Mali borders Algeria on the north, Niger on the east, Burkina Faso and the Côte d'Ivoire on the south, Guinea on the south-west, and Senegal and Mauritania on the west. Its size is just over 1,240,000 km² with...
  
   –
  • President – Alpha Oumar Konaré
    Alpha Oumar Konaré
    Alpha Oumar Konaré was the President of Mali for two five-year terms , and was Chairperson of the African Union Commission from 2003 to 2008.-Scholarly career:...
    
    , President of Mali
    Heads of state of Mali
    -List of Heads of State of Mali:-Affiliations:-See also:*Heads of Government of Mali*Colonial Heads of Mali*Lists of incumbents*Elections in Mali ...
    
     (1992–2002)
  • Prime Minister – Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta
    Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta
    Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta is a Malian politician. He was Prime Minister of Mali from 1994 to 2000 and President of the National Assembly of Mali from 2002 to 2007. He is currently the President of the Rally for Mali political party....
    
    , Prime Minister of Mali
    Heads of government of Mali
    -List of Heads of Government of Mali:-Affiliations:-External links:*...
    
     (1994–2000)
• Mauritania
  Mauritania
  Mauritania is a country in the Maghreb and West Africa. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean in the west, by Western Sahara in the north, by Algeria in the northeast, by Mali in the east and southeast, and by Senegal in the southwest...
  
   –
  • President – Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
    Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
    Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya , was Prime Minister of Mauritania from 1981 to 1984 and president from 1984 to 2005. He guided Mauritania from military rule to democracy, and took a pro-Western stance in foreign affairs...
    
    , President of Mauritania
    Heads of state of Mauritania
    -List of Heads of State of Mauritania:-Affiliations:-See also:*Mauritania**Heads of government of Mauritania**Colonial heads of Mauritania*Lists of office-holders-External links:*...
    
     (1984–2005)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Mohamed Lemine Ould Guig
       Mohamed Lemine Ould Guig
       Mohamed Lemine Ould Guig was Prime Minister of Mauritania from 1997 to 1998. A member of the Republican Party for Democracy and Renewal, Guig was the Prime Minister between stints by Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna. At the time of his appointment, Guig was a 39 year old political...
       
       , Prime Minister of Mauritania
       Heads of government of Mauritania
       -List of Heads of Government of Mauritania:-Affiliations:-See also:*Mauritania**Heads of State of Mauritania**Colonial Heads of Mauritania*Lists of office-holders-External links:*...
       
        (1997–1998)
    2. Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna
       Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna
       Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna is a Mauritanian political figure. He was Prime Minister of Mauritania from 2 January 1996 to 18 December 1997, Minister of Foreign Affairs from 12 July 1998 to 16 November 1998, and Prime Minister again from 16 November 1998 to 6 July 2003 under President...
       
       , Prime Minister of Mauritania
       Heads of government of Mauritania
       -List of Heads of Government of Mauritania:-Affiliations:-See also:*Mauritania**Heads of State of Mauritania**Colonial Heads of Mauritania*Lists of office-holders-External links:*...
       
        (1998–2003)
• Mauritius
  Mauritius
  Mauritius , officially the Republic of Mauritius is an island nation off the southeast coast of the African continent in the southwest Indian Ocean, about east of Madagascar...
  
   –
  • President – Cassam Uteem
    Cassam Uteem
    Cassam Uteem is a Mauritian political figure who served as President of Mauritius from 30 June 1992 to 15 February 2002 and is the longest serving President of Mauritius, having served for nine years....
    
    , President of Mauritius (1992–2002)
  • Prime Minister – Navin Ramgoolam
    Navin Ramgoolam
    Navinchandra Ramgoolam, GCSK, FRCP, MP is the Prime Minister of Mauritius, Minister of Defence, Home Affairs & External Communications, as well as Leader of the National Assembly. Being the leader of the Mauritian Labour Party, he serves as Member of parliament for constituency No...
    
    , Prime Minister of Mauritius (1995–2000)
• Mayotte
  Mayotte
  Mayotte is an overseas department and region of France consisting of a main island, Grande-Terre , a smaller island, Petite-Terre , and several islets around these two. The archipelago is located in the northern Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean, namely between northwestern Madagascar and...
  
   (Territorial collectivity of France)
  • Prefect –
    1. Philippe Boisadam, Prefect of Mayotte (1996–1998)
    2. Pierre Bayle, Prefect of Mayotte (1998–2001)
  • President of the General Council – Younoussa Bamana
    Younoussa Bamana
    Younoussa Bamana was a politician from Mayotte who served in the French National Assembly from 1978-1981 .- references :*...
    
    , President of the General Council of Mayotte
    General Council of Mayotte
    Mayotte elects on territorial level a legislature. The General Council has 19 members, elected for a three year term in single seat constituencies.- Presidents of the General Council:* Younoussa Bamana : 6 July 1977 – March 1991...
    
     (1991–2004)
• Morocco
  Morocco
  Morocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country located in North Africa. It has a population of more than 32 million and an area of 710,850 km², and also primarily administers the disputed region of the Western Sahara...
  
   –
  • Monarch – Hassan II
    Hassan II of Morocco
    King Hassan II l-ḥasan aṯ-ṯānī, dial. el-ḥasan ettâni); July 9, 1929 – July 23, 1999) was King of Morocco from 1961 until his death in 1999...
    
    , King of Morocco (1961–1999)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Abdellatif Filali
       Abdellatif Filali
       Dr. Abdellatif Filali was a Moroccan politician and diplomat under King Hassan II.Filali was born in Beni Mellal, Morocco. He served as Prime Minister of Morocco from 25 May 1994 to 4 February 1998...
       
       , Prime Minister of Morocco (1994–1998)
    2. Abderrahmane Youssoufi
       Abderrahmane Youssoufi
       Abderrahmane Youssoufi is a Moroccan politician who served as the Prime Minister of Morocco from 1998 to 2002.-Early life:...
       
       , Prime Minister of Morocco (1998–2002)
  • Western Sahara
    Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
    The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is a partially recognised state that claims sovereignty over the entire territory of Western Sahara, a former Spanish colony. SADR was proclaimed by the Polisario Front on February 27, 1976, in Bir Lehlu, Western Sahara. The SADR government controls about...
    
     (self-declared, partially recognized state)
    • President – Mohamed Abdelaziz
      Mohamed Abdelaziz
      Mohamed Abdelaziz is the 3rd and current Secretary General of the Polisario Front and President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic since 1976...
      
      , President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
      President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
      The President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is the head of state of the self-proclaimed Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic , an exile government based in the refugee camps of Tindouf, Algeria. From the declaration of independence on February 27, 1976 to October 16, 1982 SADR's Head of State...
      
       (1976–present)
    • Prime Minister – Mahfoud Ali Beiba
      Mahfoud Ali Beiba
      Mahfoud Laroussi Ali Beiba was a Sahrawi nationalist politician and co-founder of the Polisario Front, an organisation that seeks independence for Western Sahara...
      
      , Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
      Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
      The Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is the head of government of the SADR, while the President is the head of state. The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic was proclaimed in the territory that made up the Spanish colony of Spanish Sahara on February 27, 1976...
      
       (1995–1999)
• Mozambique
  Mozambique
  Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique , is a country in southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest...
  
   –
  • President – Joaquim Chissano
    Joaquim Chissano
    Joaquim Alberto Chissano served as the second President of Mozambique for nineteen years from 6 November 1986 until 2 February 2005. Since stepping down as president, Chissano has become an elder statesman and is called upon by international bodies, such as the United Nations, to be an envoy or...
    
    , President of Mozambique
    Heads of state of Mozambique
    -Presidents of Mozambique :-Affiliations:FRELIMO = Frente de Libertação de Moçambique...
    
     (1986–2005)
  • Prime Minister – Pascoal Mocumbi
    Pascoal Mocumbi
    Pascoal Manuel Mocumbi was the Prime Minister of Mozambique from 1994 until 2004. His traditional name was Mahykete. He is the son of Manuel Mocumbi Malume, deceased, and Leta Alson Cuhle.-Education:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Mozambique
    Heads of government of Mozambique
    -Prime Ministers of Mozambique :-Affiliations:FRELIMO = Frente da Libertação de Moçambique RENAMO = Resistencia Nacional Moçambicana -See also:*Colonial Heads of Mozambique*Heads...
    
     (1994–2004)
• Namibia
  Namibia
  Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia , is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Angola and Zambia to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east. It gained independence from South Africa on 21 March...
  
   –
  • President – Sam Nujoma
    Sam Nujoma
    Samuel Daniel Shafiishuna Nujoma is a Namibian politician who was the first President of Namibia from 1990 to 2005. He led the South-West Africa People's Organisation in its long struggle against South African rule and took office as President when Namibia obtained independence on 21 March 1990...
    
    , President of Namibia (1990–2005)
  • Prime Minister – Hage Geingob
    Hage Geingob
    Hage Geingob is a Namibian politician who was the first Prime Minister of Namibia following its independence, serving from 1990 to 2002...
    
    , Prime Minister of Namibia
    Prime Minister of Namibia
    -Prime Ministers of Namibia :-See also:*Namibia**Politics of Namibia**List of colonial heads of Namibia **List of Presidents of Namibia...
    
     (1990–2002)
• Niger
  Niger
  Niger , officially named the Republic of Niger, is a landlocked country in Western Africa, named after the Niger River. It borders Nigeria and Benin to the south, Burkina Faso and Mali to the west, Algeria and Libya to the north and Chad to the east...
  
   –
  • President – Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara
    Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara
    Colonel Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara was a military officer in the West African country of Niger who seized power in a January 1996 coup d'état and ruled the country until his assassination during the military coup of April 1999....
    
    , President of Niger
    Heads of state of Niger
    -List of Heads of State of Niger:-Affiliations:-See also:*Niger*List of colonial heads of Niger*Heads of Government of Niger*Lists of Incumbents-References:*...
    
     (1996–1999)
  • Prime Minister – Ibrahim Hassane Mayaki
    Ibrahim Hassane Mayaki
    Ibrahim Hassane Mayaki was Prime Minister of Niger from November 27, 1997, to January 3, 2000.-Fourth Republic:Under President Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara, who seized power in a January 1996 coup, Mayaki was named Deputy Minister for Cooperation, under the Minister of Foreign Affairs, André Salifou,...
    
    , Prime Minister of Niger
    Heads of government of Niger
    -List of Heads of Government of Niger:-Affiliations:-See also:*Niger*List of colonial heads of Niger*Heads of State of Niger*Lists of Incumbents-References:*...
    
     (1997–2000)
• Nigeria
  Nigeria
  Nigeria , officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal constitutional republic comprising 36 states and its Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The country is located in West Africa and shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in...
  
   –
  • Head of State –
    1. Sani Abacha
       Sani Abacha
       General Sani Abacha was a Nigerian military leader and politician. A Kanuri from Borno by tribe, he was born and brought up in Kano, Nigeria. He was the de facto President of Nigeria from 1993 to 1998....
       
       , Chairman of the Provisional Ruling Council of Nigeria
       President of Nigeria
       The President of Nigeria is the Head of State and head of the national executive. Officially styled President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and Commander-in-Chief of the Nigerian Armed Forces. The current President of Nigeria is Goodluck Jonathan.-History:On October 1, 1960, Nigeria gained...
       
        (1993–1998)
    2. Abdulsalami Abubakar
       Abdulsalami Abubakar
       General Abdulsalami Alhaji Abubakar is a Nigerian general who was President of Nigeria from June 9, 1998 until May 29, 1999. He succeeded Sani Abacha upon Abacha's death. It was during Abubakar's leadership that Nigeria adopted its new constitution on May 5, 1999, which provided for multiparty...
       
       , Chairman of the Provisional Ruling Council of Nigeria
       President of Nigeria
       The President of Nigeria is the Head of State and head of the national executive. Officially styled President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and Commander-in-Chief of the Nigerian Armed Forces. The current President of Nigeria is Goodluck Jonathan.-History:On October 1, 1960, Nigeria gained...
       
        (1998–1999)
• Rwanda
  Rwanda
  Rwanda or , officially the Republic of Rwanda , is a country in central and eastern Africa with a population of approximately 11.4 million . Rwanda is located a few degrees south of the Equator, and is bordered by Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo...
  
   –
  • President – Pasteur Bizimungu
    Pasteur Bizimungu
    Pasteur Bizimungu was the fifth President of Rwanda from 19 July 1994 until 23 March 2000. He is considered belonging to the Hutu caste/ethnic group and was born in the Gisenyi prefecture of Rwanda. Bizimungu worked within the Hutu MRND regime which ruled Rwanda , including as director general of...
    
    , President of Rwanda (1994–2000)
  • Prime Minister – Pierre-Célestin Rwigema
    Pierre-Célestin Rwigema
    Pierre-Célestin Rwigema is a Rwandan politician. He was Prime Minister of Rwanda from 1995–2000 and Education Minister from 1994-1995. When he was sworn in as Prime Minister he pledged to reunite his then ethnically torn country. In 2001, he was accused of alleged involvement in the Rwandan...
    
    , Prime Minister of Rwanda
    Prime Minister of Rwanda
    -List of Prime Ministers of Rwanda:-Affiliations:*Parmehutu - Party of the Hutu Emancipation Movement*MRND - National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development...
    
     (1995–2000)
• Saint Helena and Dependencies
  Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
  Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha is a British overseas territory and overseas territory of the European Union consisting of the islands of Saint Helena, Ascension Island and the Tristan da Cunha group...
  
   (British dependent territory)
  • Governor – David Smallman, Governor of Saint Helena
    Governor of Saint Helena
    The Governor of Saint Helena is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha...
    
     (1995–1999)
• São Tomé and Príncipe
  São Tomé and Príncipe
  São Tomé and Príncipe, officially the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, is a Portuguese-speaking island nation in the Gulf of Guinea, off the western equatorial coast of Central Africa. It consists of two islands: São Tomé and Príncipe, located about apart and about , respectively, off...
  
   –
  • President – Miguel Trovoada
    Miguel Trovoada
    Miguel dos Anjos da Cunha Lisboa Trovoada was Prime Minister and President of São Tomé and Príncipe. Currently he is the Executive Secretary of the Gulf of Guinea Commission.-Background:...
    
    , President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1995–2001)
  • Prime Minister – Raul Bragança Neto
    Raul Bragança Neto
    Raul Bragança Neto is a former prime minister of São Tomé and Príncipe. He held the post from 19 November 1996 to 5 January 1999. He is a member of the Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe-Social Democratic Party and served as a Major in the Sao Tome Army.-References:...
    
    , Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe
    Heads of government of São Tomé and Príncipe
    -Prime Ministers of São Tomé and Príncipe :-Affiliations:-See also:*São Tomé and Príncipe**Heads of State of São Tomé and Príncipe...
    
     (1996–1999)
• Senegal
  Senegal
  Senegal , officially the Republic of Senegal , is a country in western Africa. It owes its name to the Sénégal River that borders it to the east and north...
  
   –
  • President – Abdou Diouf
    Abdou Diouf
    Abdou Diouf was the second President of Senegal, serving from 1981 to 2000. Diouf is notable both for coming to power by peaceful succession, and leaving willingly after losing the 2000 presidential election to Abdoulaye Wade...
    
    , President of Senegal (1981–2000)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Habib Thiam
       Habib Thiam
       Habib Thiam is a Senegalese politician. He served as Prime Minister of the country on two occasions, from 1 January 1981 to 3 April 1983, and again from 8 April 1991 until 3 July 1998....
       
       , Prime Minister of Senegal
       Prime Minister of Senegal
       The Prime Minister of Senegal is the head of government of Senegal. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Senegal, who is directly elected for a five year term. The Prime Minister, in turn, appoints the Senegalese cabinet, after consultation with the President.This is a list of the...
       
        (1991–1998)
    2. Mamadou Lamine Loum
       Mamadou Lamine Loum
       Mamadou Lamine Loum is a Senegalese political figure. Considered a technocrat, he served as Prime Minister of Senegal from 3 July 1998 to 5 April 2000....
       
       , Prime Minister of Senegal
       Prime Minister of Senegal
       The Prime Minister of Senegal is the head of government of Senegal. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Senegal, who is directly elected for a five year term. The Prime Minister, in turn, appoints the Senegalese cabinet, after consultation with the President.This is a list of the...
       
        (1998–2000)
• Seychelles
  Seychelles
  Seychelles , officially the Republic of Seychelles , is an island country spanning an archipelago of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean, some east of mainland Africa, northeast of the island of Madagascar....
  
  
  • President – France-Albert René
    France-Albert René
    France-Albert René was the long-time socialist President of Seychelles from 1977 to 2004. He is known by government officials and party members as "the Boss". His name is often given as simply Albert René or F.A...
    
    , President of Seychelles (1977–2004)
• Sierra Leone
  Sierra Leone
  Sierra Leone , officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Guinea to the north and east, Liberia to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west and southwest. Sierra Leone covers a total area of and has an estimated population between 5.4 and 6.4...
  
  
  • Head of State –
    1. Johnny Paul Koroma
       Johnny Paul Koroma
       Johnny Paul Koroma was the Head of State of Sierra Leone from May 1997 to February 1998.-Youth and Education :Koroma grew up in Freetown, the capital of Sierra Leone. However, he was born in Tombodu, Kono District, in eastern Sierra Leone to Limba parents. He is from the same ethnic group as...
       
       , Chairman of the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council of Sierra Leone
       Heads of government of Sierra Leone
       The following is a list of heads of government of Sierra Leone from 1954 until 1978, when a single party constitution was adopted, and President of Sierra Leone became head of government as well.-Heads of Government of Sierra Leone:-See also:...
       
        (1997–1998)
    2. Ahmad Tejan Kabbah
       Ahmad Tejan Kabbah
       Alhaji Ahmad Tejan Kabbah served as President of Sierra Leone from 1996 to 1997 and again from 1998 to 2007.He worked for the United Nations Development Programme and returned to Sierra Leone in 1992...
       
       , President of Sierra Leone
       Heads of government of Sierra Leone
       The following is a list of heads of government of Sierra Leone from 1954 until 1978, when a single party constitution was adopted, and President of Sierra Leone became head of government as well.-Heads of Government of Sierra Leone:-See also:...
       
        (1998–2007)
• Somalia
  Somalia
  Somalia , officially the Somali Republic and formerly known as the Somali Democratic Republic under Socialist rule, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. Since the outbreak of the Somali Civil War in 1991 there has been no central government control over most of the country's territory...
  
   –
  • no functioning central government
  • Somaliland
    Somaliland
    Somaliland is an unrecognised self-declared sovereign state that is internationally recognised as an autonomous region of Somalia. The government of Somaliland regards itself as the successor state to the British Somaliland protectorate, which was independent for a few days in 1960 as the State of...
    
     (unrecognized secessionist state)
    • President – Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, President of Somaliland (1993–2002)
  • Puntland
    Puntland
    Puntland , officially the Puntland State of Somalia , is a region in northeastern Somalia, centered on Garowe in the Nugaal province. Its leaders declared the territory an autonomous state in 1998....
    
     (self-declared autonomous state, de facto independent)
    • autonomy declared on 23 July 1998
    • President – Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed
      Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed
      Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed is a veteran Somali politician. He is one of the founders of the Somali Salvation Democratic Front, as well as the Puntland State of Somalia, where he served as the autonomous region's first President...
      
      , President of Puntland (1998–2002)
  • Jubaland
    Jubaland
    Jubaland , also known as Azania or the Juba Valley and formerly as Trans-Juba , is an autonomous region in southern Somalia. Its eastern border lies 40–60 km east of the Jubba River, stretching from Gedo to the Indian Ocean, while its western side flanks the North Eastern Province in...
    
     (unrecognized secessionist state)
    • independence declared on 3 September 1998
    • President – Mohammed Said Hersi Morgan
      Mohammed Said Hersi Morgan
      Mohammed Said Hersi Morgan was the son-in-law of Siad Barre and minister of defense of Somalia. Said Hersi Morgan is thought to be responsible for many atrocities committed against the Somali population during the Barre government and during the civil war of the 1990s in the region of Kismayu...
      
      , President of Jubaland (1998–1999)
• South Africa
  South Africa
  The Republic of South Africa is a country in southern Africa. Located at the southern tip of Africa, it is divided into nine provinces, with of coastline on the Atlantic and Indian oceans...
  
  
  • President – Nelson Mandela
    Nelson Mandela
    Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999, and was the first South African president to be elected in a fully representative democratic election. Before his presidency, Mandela was an anti-apartheid activist, and the leader of Umkhonto we Sizwe, the armed wing...
    
    , President of South Africa
    President of South Africa
    The President of the Republic of South Africa is the head of state and head of government under South Africa's Constitution. From 1961 to 1994, the head of state was called the State President....
    
     (1994–1999)
• Sudan
  Sudan
  Sudan , officially the Republic of the Sudan , is a country in North Africa, sometimes considered part of the Middle East politically. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the...
  
  
  • President – Omar al-Bashir
    Omar al-Bashir
    Lieutenant General Omar Hassan Ahmad Al-Bashir is the current President of Sudan and the head of the National Congress Party. He came to power in 1989 when he, as a brigadier in the Sudanese army, led a group of officers in a bloodless military coup that ousted the government of Prime Minister...
    
    , President of Sudan (1989–present)
• Swaziland
  Swaziland
  Swaziland, officially the Kingdom of Swaziland , and sometimes called Ngwane or Swatini, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa, bordered to the north, south and west by South Africa, and to the east by Mozambique...
  
   –
  • Monarch – Mswati III
    Mswati III of Swaziland
    Mswati III is the King of Swaziland and head of the Swazi Royal Family. In 1986, he succeeded his father Sobhuza II as ruler of the southern African kingdom...
    
    , King of Swaziland (1986–present)
  • Prime Minister – Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini
    Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini
    Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini is Prime Minister of Swaziland. He was Prime Minister from 1996 to 2003 and has held the position again since October 2008....
    
    , Prime Minister of Swaziland
    Heads of government of Swaziland
    -Heads of Government:-See also:*List of kings of Swaziland*lists of incumbents...
    
     (1996–2003)
• Tanzania
  Tanzania
  The United Republic of Tanzania is a country in East Africa bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north, Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west, and Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique to the south. The country's eastern borders lie on the Indian Ocean.Tanzania is a state...
  
   –
  • President – Benjamin Mkapa
    Benjamin Mkapa
    Benjamin William Mkapa was the third President of the United Republic of Tanzania and former Chairman for the Revolutionary State Party .-Biography:...
    
    , President of Tanzania (1995–2005)
  • Prime Minister – Frederick Sumaye
    Frederick Sumaye
    Frederick Tluway Sumaye is the former Prime Minister of Tanzania. He was Prime Minister since the first multi-party elections on 28 November 1995 until 30 December 2005. After leaving office, in 2006 he enrolled for a year as a mid-career student in the Edward S. Mason Program at the John F...
    
    , Prime Minister of Tanzania (1995–2005)
• Togo
  Togo
  Togo, officially the Togolese Republic , is a country in West Africa bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. It extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, on which the capital Lomé is located. Togo covers an area of approximately with a population of approximately...
  
   –
  • President – Gnassingbé Eyadéma
    Gnassingbé Eyadéma
    General Gnassingbé Eyadéma , was the President of Togo from 1967 until his death in 2005. He participated in two successful military coups, in January 1963 and January 1967, and became President on April 14, 1967...
    
    , President of Togo (1967–2005)
  • Prime Minister – Kwassi Klutse
    Kwassi Klutse
    Kwassi Klutse is a Togolese politician who was the Prime Minister of Togo from August 20, 1996 to May 21, 1999.Klutse was born in Agbélouvé, Zio Prefecture...
    
    , Prime Minister of Togo
    Heads of government of Togo
    -Prime Ministers of Togo :-Affiliations:*CAR *CFN *CPP...
    
     (1996–1999)
• Tunisia
  Tunisia
  Tunisia , officially the Tunisian RepublicThe long name of Tunisia in other languages used in the country is: , is the northernmost country in Africa. It is a Maghreb country and is bordered by Algeria to the west, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Its area...
  
   –
  • President – Zine El Abidine Ben Ali
    Zine El Abidine Ben Ali
    Zine El Abidine Ben Ali is a Tunisian political figure who was the second President of Tunisia from 1987 to 2011. Ben Ali was appointed Prime Minister in October 1987, and he assumed the Presidency on 7 November 1987 in a bloodless coup d'état that ousted President Habib Bourguiba, who was...
    
    , President of Tunisia (1987–2011)
  • Prime Minister – Hamed Karoui
    Hamed Karoui
    Hamed Karoui was Prime Minister of Tunisia from 27 September 1989 to 17 November 1999. From 1986 to 1987 he was Minister of Youth and Sports and from 1988 to 1989 he was Minister of Justice. He was a member of the Constitutional Democratic Rally party.-References:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Tunisia
    Prime Minister of Tunisia
    The Prime Minister of the Tunisian Republic is the head of government of Tunisia. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Tunisia...
    
     (1989–1999)
• Uganda
  Uganda
  Uganda , officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country in East Africa. Uganda is also known as the "Pearl of Africa". It is bordered on the east by Kenya, on the north by South Sudan, on the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, on the southwest by Rwanda, and on the south by...
  
   –
  • President – Yoweri Museveni
    Yoweri Museveni
    Yoweri Kaguta Museveni is a Ugandan politician and statesman. He has been President of Uganda since 26 January 1986.Museveni was involved in the war that deposed Idi Amin Dada, ending his rule in 1979, and in the rebellion that subsequently led to the demise of the Milton Obote regime in 1985...
    
    , President of Uganda
    President of Uganda
    -List of Presidents of Uganda:-Affiliations:-See also:*Uganda*Vice President of Uganda*Prime Minister of Uganda*Politics of Uganda*History of Uganda*Political parties of Uganda...
    
     (1986–present)
  • Prime Minister – Kintu Musoke
    Kintu Musoke
    Kintu Musoke, also known as Kinto Musoke is a Ugandan politician, closely associated with President Yoweri Museveni. He served as Prime Minister of Uganda from November 18, 1994 to April 5, 1999. He was later appointed to head a task force on fighting AIDS in Uganda.-References:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Uganda
    Prime Minister of Uganda
    -List of Prime Ministers of Uganda:-Affiliations:-See also:*Uganda*President of Uganda*Vice President of Uganda*Politics of Uganda*History of Uganda*Political parties of Uganda...
    
     (1994–1999)
• Zambia
  Zambia
  Zambia , officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. The neighbouring countries are the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Tanzania to the north-east, Malawi to the east, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana and Namibia to the south, and Angola to the west....
  
  
  • President – Frederick Chiluba
    Frederick Chiluba
    Frederick Jacob Titus Chiluba was a Zambian politician who was the second President of Zambia from 1991 to 2002. Chiluba, a trade union leader, won the country's multi-party presidential election in 1991 as the candidate of the Movement for Multiparty Democracy , defeating long-time President...
    
    , President of Zambia (1991–2002)
• Zimbabwe
  Zimbabwe
  Zimbabwe is a landlocked country located in the southern part of the African continent, between the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers. It is bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the southwest, Zambia and a tip of Namibia to the northwest and Mozambique to the east. Zimbabwe has three...
  
  
  • President – Robert Mugabe
    Robert Mugabe
    Robert Gabriel Mugabe is the President of Zimbabwe. As one of the leaders of the liberation movement against white-minority rule, he was elected into power in 1980...
    
    , President of Zimbabwe (1987–present)

Asia

• Afghanistan
  Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
  The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan was founded in 1996 when the Taliban began their rule of Afghanistan and ended with their fall from power in 2001...
  
   –
  • (Taliban) –
    • De Facto Head of State – Mohammed Omar
      Mohammed Omar
      Mullah Mohammed Omar , often simply called Mullah Omar, is the leader of the Taliban movement that operates in Afghanistan. He was Afghanistan's de facto head of state from 1996 to late 2001, under the official title "Head of the Supreme Council"...
      
      , Chairman of the Supreme Council of Afghanistan (1996–2001)
    • De Facto Prime Minister – Mohammad Rabbani
      Mohammad Rabbani
      Mullah Mohammad Rabbani Akhund was one of the main founders of the Taliban movement. He was second in power only to the supreme leader, Mullah Mohammed Omar, in the Taliban hierarchy....
      
      , Head of the Supreme Council
      Prime Minister of Afghanistan
      The Prime Minister of Afghanistan is a currently defunct post in the Afghan Government.The position was created in 1927, and was appointed by the king, mostly as an advisor, until the end of the monarchy in 1973...
      
       (1996–2001)
  • (United Islamic Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan
    United Islamic Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan
    The United Islamic Front , known in the West and Pakistan as the Northern Alliance, was a military-political umbrella organization created by the Islamic State of Afghanistan in 1996 under the leadership of Defense Minister Ahmad Shah Massoud...
    
    ) – Burhanuddin Rabbani
    Burhanuddin Rabbani
    Professor Burhanuddin Rabbani was President of the Islamic State of Afghanistan from 1992 to 1996. After the Taliban government was toppled during Operation Enduring Freedom, Rabbani returned to Kabul and served as a temporary President from November to December 20, 2001, when Hamid Karzai was...
    
    , President of Afghanistan
    President of Afghanistan
    Afghanistan has only been a republic between 1973 and 1992 and from 2001 onwards. Before 1973, it was a monarchy that was governed by a variety of kings, emirs or shahs...
    
     (1992–2001)
• Bahrain
  Bahrain
  ' , officially the Kingdom of Bahrain , is a small island state near the western shores of the Persian Gulf. It is ruled by the Al Khalifa royal family. The population in 2010 stood at 1,214,705, including 235,108 non-nationals. Formerly an emirate, Bahrain was declared a kingdom in 2002.Bahrain is...
  
   –
  • Monarch – Sheikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Emir of Bahrain
    King of Bahrain
    The King of Bahrain ‎ is the monarch and head of state of Bahrain. Between 1783 and 1971, the Bahraini monarch held the title of Hakim, and, from 1971 until 2002, the title of Emir...
    
     (1961–1999)
  • Prime Minister – Sheikh Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa, Prime Minister of Bahrain
    Prime Minister of Bahrain
    In Bahrain, the Prime Minister is the head of government of the country. According to the Constitution of Bahrain, the Prime Minister is appointed directly by the King, and needs not be an elected member of the Council of Representatives....
    
     (1970–present)
• Bangladesh
  Bangladesh
  Bangladesh , officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh is a sovereign state located in South Asia. It is bordered by India on all sides except for a small border with Burma to the far southeast and by the Bay of Bengal to the south...
  
   –
  • President – Shahabuddin Ahmed
    Shahabuddin Ahmed
    Shahabuddin Ahmed is a former president and Chief Justice of Bangladesh. Justice Shahabuddin Ahmed took over the office of President after a popular uprising against President Hossain Mohammad Ershad in 1991. After the resumption of democracy, he returned to his duties as the Chief Justice...
    
    , President of Bangladesh (1996–2001)
  • Prime Minister – Sheikh Hasina
    Sheikh Hasina
    Sheikh Hasina is a Bangladeshi politician and current Prime Minister of Bangladesh. She has been the President of the Awami League, a major political party, since 1981. She is the eldest of five children of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the founding father of Bangladesh and widow of a reputed nuclear...
    
    , Prime Minister of Bangladesh
    Prime Minister of Bangladesh
    The Prime Minister of the People's Republic of Bangladesh is the Head of the Government of Bangladesh. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Jatiya Sangsad Parliament, to their political party and ultimately to the electorate...
    
     (1996–2001)
• Bhutan
  Bhutan
  Bhutan , officially the Kingdom of Bhutan, is a landlocked state in South Asia, located at the eastern end of the Himalayas and bordered to the south, east and west by the Republic of India and to the north by the People's Republic of China...
  
   –
  • Monarch – Jigme Singye Wangchuck
    Jigme Singye Wangchuck
    Jigme Singye Wangchuck is the former King of Bhutan. He was the fourth Dragon King of Bhutan from 1972 until his abdication in favour of his eldest son, Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, in 2006...
    
    , King of Bhutan (1972–2006)
  • Prime Minister – Jigme Thinley, Prime Minister of Bhutan (1998–1999)
• Brunei
  Brunei
  Brunei , officially the State of Brunei Darussalam or the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace , is a sovereign state located on the north coast of the island of Borneo, in Southeast Asia...
  
  
  • Monarch – Hassanal Bolkiah
    Hassanal Bolkiah
    General Haji Sir Hassan al-Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah GCB GCMG is the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam, the 29th Sultan of Brunei and the first Prime Minister of Brunei Darussalam...
    
    , Sultan of Brunei (1967–present)
  • Prime Minister – Hassanal Bolkiah
    Hassanal Bolkiah
    General Haji Sir Hassan al-Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah GCB GCMG is the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam, the 29th Sultan of Brunei and the first Prime Minister of Brunei Darussalam...
    
    , Prime Minister of Brunei
    Prime Minister of Brunei
    The Prime Minister of Brunei is a title held by the Sultan of Brunei. As the prime minister, the Sultan presides over the cabinet.As of 2011, the post is held by Hassanal Bolkiah....
    
     (1984–present)
• Cambodia
  Cambodia
  Cambodia , officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia...
  
   –
  • Monarch – Norodom Sihanouk
    Norodom Sihanouk
    Norodom Sihanouk regular script was the King of Cambodia from 1941 to 1955 and again from 1993 until his semi-retirement and voluntary abdication on 7 October 2004 in favor of his son, the current King Norodom Sihamoni...
    
    , King of Cambodia
    King of Cambodia
    The King of Cambodia is the head of state of the Kingdom of Cambodia. The King's power is limited to that of a symbolic figurehead to whom people are to give love and respect...
    
     (1993–2004)
  • Prime Ministers –
    • Ung Huot
      Ung Huot
      Ung Huot is a Cambodian political figure.Ung moved to Australia in the early 1970s, as Cambodia's civil war was beginning. He settled in Melbourne and proclaimed himself a leader of the Cambodian expatriate committee in that city. He moved back to Cambodia in the early 1990s as the communist...
      
      , First Prime Minister of Cambodia
      Prime Minister of Cambodia
      The Prime Minister of Cambodia , is the head of government of the Kingdom of Cambodia. Prime Minister is appointed by the King under Article 119 of the Constitution and is responsible for leading the government of the Kingdom.-Constitutional powers:The powers of the Prime Minister are established...
      
       (1997–1998)
    • Hun Sen
      Hun Sen
      Hun Sen is the current Prime Minister of Cambodia.He has been the sole leader of the Cambodian People's Party , which has governed Cambodia since the Vietnamese-backed overthrow of the Khmer Rouge in 1979...
      
      , Second Prime Minister of Cambodia
      Prime Minister of Cambodia
      The Prime Minister of Cambodia , is the head of government of the Kingdom of Cambodia. Prime Minister is appointed by the King under Article 119 of the Constitution and is responsible for leading the government of the Kingdom.-Constitutional powers:The powers of the Prime Minister are established...
      
       (1985–present)
• China (People's Republic of China)
  People's Republic of China
  China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
  
   –
  • Communist Party Leader- Jiang Zemin
    Jiang Zemin
    Jiang Zemin is a former Chinese politician, who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of China from 1989 to 2002, as President of the People's Republic of China from 1993 to 2003, and as Chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2005...
    
    , General Secretary of the Communist Party of China
    General Secretary of the Communist Party of China
    The General Secretary of the Communist Party of China , officially General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, is the highest ranking official within the Communist Party of China, a standing member of the Politburo and head of the Secretariat...
    
     (1989–2002)
  • President – Jiang Zemin
    Jiang Zemin
    Jiang Zemin is a former Chinese politician, who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of China from 1989 to 2002, as President of the People's Republic of China from 1993 to 2003, and as Chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2005...
    
    , President of the People's Republic of China
    President of the People's Republic of China
    The President of the People's Republic of China is a ceremonial office and a part of State organs under the National People's Congress and it is the head of state of the People's Republic of China . The office was created by the 1982 Constitution...
    
     (1993–2003)
  • Premier –
    1. Li Peng
       Li Peng
       Li Peng served as the fourth Premier of the People's Republic of China, between 1987 and 1998, and the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, China's top legislative body, from 1998 to 2003. For much of the 1990s Li was ranked second in the Communist Party of China ...
       
       , Premier of the People's Republic of China
       Premier of the People's Republic of China
       The Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China , sometimes also referred to as the "Prime Minister" informally, is the Leader of the State Council of the People's Republic of China , who is the head of government and holds the highest-ranking of the Civil service of the...
       
        (1987–1998)
    2. Zhu Rongji
       Zhu Rongji
       Zhū Róngjī is a prominent Chinese politician who served as the Mayor and Party chief in Shanghai between 1987 and 1991, before serving as Vice-Premier and then the fifth Premier of the People's Republic of China from March 1998 to March 2003.A tough administrator, his time in office saw the...
       
       , Premier of the People's Republic of China
       Premier of the People's Republic of China
       The Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China , sometimes also referred to as the "Prime Minister" informally, is the Leader of the State Council of the People's Republic of China , who is the head of government and holds the highest-ranking of the Civil service of the...
       
        (1998–2003)
• India
  India
  India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
  
   –
  • President – K. R. Narayanan
    K. R. Narayanan
    Kocheril Raman Narayanan , also known as K. R. Narayanan, was the tenth President of India. He was the first Dalit, and the first Malayali, to have been President....
    
    , President of India
    President of India
    The President of India is the head of state and first citizen of India, as well as the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces. President of India is also the formal head of all the three branches of Indian Democracy - Legislature, Executive and Judiciary...
    
     (1997–2002)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Inder Kumar Gujral
       Inder Kumar Gujral
       Inder Kumar Gujral served as the 12th Prime Minister of India. Gujral was the first PM to govern exclusively from the Rajya Sabha; , only he and Manmohan Singh have done so.-Early life:...
       
       , Prime Minister of India
       Prime Minister of India
       The Prime Minister of India , as addressed to in the Constitution of India — Prime Minister for the Union, is the chief of government, head of the Council of Ministers and the leader of the majority party in parliament...
       
        (1997–1998)
    2. Atal Bihari Vajpayee
       Atal Bihari Vajpayee
       Atal Bihari Vajpayee is an Indian statesman who served as the tenth Prime Minister of India three times – first for a brief term of 13 days in 1996, and then for two terms from 1998 to 2004. After his first brief period as Prime Minister in 1996, Vajpayee headed a coalition government from...
       
       , Prime Minister of India
       Prime Minister of India
       The Prime Minister of India , as addressed to in the Constitution of India — Prime Minister for the Union, is the chief of government, head of the Council of Ministers and the leader of the majority party in parliament...
       
        (1998–2004)
• Indonesia
  Indonesia
  Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
  
  
  • President –
    1. Suharto, President of Indonesia (1967–1998)
    2. Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie, President of Indonesia (1998–1999)
• Iran
  Iran
  Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
  
   –
  • Supreme Leader – Ali Khamenei
    Ali Khamenei
    Ayatollah Seyed Ali Hoseyni Khāmene’i is the Supreme Leader of Iran and the figurative head of the Muslim conservative establishment in Iran and Twelver Shi'a marja...
    
    , Supreme Leader of Iran
    Supreme Leader of Iran
    The Supreme Leader of Iran is the highest ranking political and religious authority in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The post was established by the constitution in accordance with the concept of Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists...
    
     (1989–present)
  • President – Mohammad Khatami
    Mohammad Khatami
    Sayyid Mohammad Khātamī is an Iranian scholar, philosopher, Shiite theologian and Reformist politician. He served as the fifth President of Iran from August 2, 1997 to August 3, 2005. He also served as Iran's Minister of Culture in both the 1980s and 1990s...
    
    , President of Iran
    President of Iran
    The President of Iran is the highest popularly elected official in, and the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Iran; although subordinate to the Supreme Leader of Iran, who functions as the country's head of state...
    
     (1997–2005)
• Iraq
  Ba'athist Iraq
  The History of Iraq , referred to as Ba'athist Iraq, covers the period of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party's rule over Iraq. Ba'athist rule in Iraq first occurred briefly in 1963 under Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr until overthrown that same year. Ba'athism was restored to power five years later after...
  
   –
  • President – Saddam Hussein
    Saddam Hussein
    Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti was the fifth President of Iraq, serving in this capacity from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003...
    
    , President of Iraq
    President of Iraq
    The President of Iraq is the head of state of Iraq and "safeguards the commitment to the Constitution and the preservation of Iraq's independence, sovereignty, unity, the security of its territories in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution." The President is elected by the Council of...
    
     (1979–2003)
  • Prime Minister – Saddam Hussein
    Saddam Hussein
    Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti was the fifth President of Iraq, serving in this capacity from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003...
    
    , Prime Minister of Iraq
    Prime Minister of Iraq
    The Prime Minister of Iraq is Iraq's head of government. Prime Minister was originally an appointed office, subsidiary to the head of state, and the nominal leader of the Iraqi parliament. Under the newly adopted constitution the Prime Minister is to be the country's active executive authority...
    
     (1994–2003)
• Israel
  Israel
  The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...
  
   –
  • President – Ezer Weizman
    Ezer Weizman
    ' was the seventh President of Israel, first elected in 1993 and re-elected in 1998. Before the presidency, Weizman was commander of the Israeli Air Force and Minister of Defense.-Biography:...
    
    , President of Israel
    President of Israel
    The President of the State of Israel is the head of state of Israel. The position is largely an apolitical ceremonial figurehead role, with the real executive power lying in the hands of the Prime Minister. The current president is Shimon Peres who took office on 15 July 2007...
    
     (1993–2000)
  • Prime Minister – Benjamin Netanyahu
    Benjamin Netanyahu
    Benjamin "Bibi" Netanyahu is the current Prime Minister of Israel. He serves also as the Chairman of the Likud Party, as a Knesset member, as the Health Minister of Israel, as the Pensioner Affairs Minister of Israel and as the Economic Strategy Minister of Israel.Netanyahu is the first and, to...
    
    , Prime Minister of Israel
    Prime Minister of Israel
    The Prime Minister of Israel is the head of the Israeli government and the most powerful political figure in Israel . The prime minister is the country's chief executive. The official residence of the prime minister, Beit Rosh Hamemshala is in Jerusalem...
    
     (1996–1999)
  • Palestinian Authority (non-state administrative authority)
    • President – Yasser Arafat
      Yasser Arafat
      Mohammed Yasser Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini , popularly known as Yasser Arafat or by his kunya Abu Ammar , was a Palestinian leader and a Laureate of the Nobel Prize. He was Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization , President of the Palestinian National Authority...
      
      , President of the Palestinian Authority (1994–2004)
• Japan
  Japan
  Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
  
   –
  • Monarch – Akihito
    Akihito
    is the current , the 125th emperor of his line according to Japan's traditional order of succession. He acceded to the throne in 1989.-Name:In Japan, the emperor is never referred to by his given name, but rather is referred to as "His Imperial Majesty the Emperor" which may be shortened to . In...
    
    , Emperor of Japan (1989–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Ryutaro Hashimoto
       Ryutaro Hashimoto
       was a Japanese politician who served as the 82nd and 83rd Prime Minister of Japan from January 11, 1996 to July 30, 1998. He was the leader of one of the largest factions within the ruling LDP through most of the 1990s and remained a powerful back-room player in Japanese politics until scandal...
       
       , Prime Minister of Japan (1996–1998)
    2. Keizō Obuchi
       Keizo Obuchi
       was a Japanese politician who served in the House of Representatives for twelve terms, and ultimately as the 84th Prime Minister of Japan from July 30, 1998 to April 5, 2000. His political career ended when he suffered a serious and ultimately fatal stroke....
       
       , Prime Minister of Japan (1998–2000)
• Jordan
  Jordan
  Jordan , officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan , Al-Mamlaka al-Urduniyya al-Hashemiyya) is a kingdom on the East Bank of the River Jordan. The country borders Saudi Arabia to the east and south-east, Iraq to the north-east, Syria to the north and the West Bank and Israel to the west, sharing...
  
   –
  • Monarch – Hussein
    Hussein of Jordan
    Hussein bin Talal was the third King of Jordan from the abdication of his father, King Talal, in 1952, until his death. Hussein's rule extended through the Cold War and four decades of Arab-Israeli conflict...
    
    , King of Jordan (1952–1999)
  • Regent – Prince Hassan, Regent of Jordan (1998–1999)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Abdelsalam al-Majali
       Abdelsalam al-Majali
       Abdelsalam al-Majali was twice the Prime Minister of Jordan Abd al-Salam received his medical degree from the Syrian University in 1949. He was director of medical services for the Jordanian armed forces, president of Jordan University , and minister of health...
       
       , Prime Minister of Jordan (1997–1998)
    2. Fayez al-Tarawneh
       Fayez al-Tarawneh
       Fayez al-Tarawneh is a former Prime Minister of Jordan and later chief of the royal court.-References:...
       
       , Prime Minister of Jordan (1998–1999)
• Kazakhstan
  Kazakhstan
  Kazakhstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of is greater than Western Europe...
  
   –
  • President – Nursultan Nazarbayev
    Nursultan Nazarbayev
    Nursultan Abishuly Nazarbayev has served as the President of Kazakhstan since the nation received its independence in 1991, after the fall of the Soviet Union...
    
    , President of Kazakhstan (1990–present)
  • Prime Minister – Nurlan Balgimbayev
    Nurlan Balgimbayev
    Nurlan Utebovich Balgimbayev served as the Prime Minister of Kazakhstan from 10 October 1997 to 1 October 1999...
    
    , Prime Minister of Kazakhstan
    Prime Minister of Kazakhstan
    -Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars:*Viktor Radus-Zenkovich *Mukhamedkhafiy Murzagaliyev *Saken Seyfullin *Nygmet Nurmakov...
    
     (1997–1999)
• North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)
  North Korea
  The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea , , is a country in East Asia, occupying the northern half of the Korean Peninsula. Its capital and largest city is Pyongyang. The Korean Demilitarized Zone serves as the buffer zone between North Korea and South Korea...
  
  
  • Communist Party Leader – Kim Jong-il
    Kim Jong-il
    Kim Jong-il, also written as Kim Jong Il, birth name Yuri Irsenovich Kim born 16 February 1941 or 16 February 1942 , is the Supreme Leader of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea...
    
    , General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea
    Workers' Party of Korea
    The Workers' Party of Korea is the ruling Communist party of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea , commonly known as North Korea. It is also called the Korean Workers' Party...
    
     (1997–present)
  • De facto Head of State – Kim Jong-il
    Kim Jong-il
    Kim Jong-il, also written as Kim Jong Il, birth name Yuri Irsenovich Kim born 16 February 1941 or 16 February 1942 , is the Supreme Leader of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea...
    
    , Chairman of the National Defence Commission of North Korea
    Chairman of the National Defence Commission of North Korea
    The Chairman of the National Defense Commission of North Korea is the supreme commander of the armed forces of North Korea and the most powerful person in the government...
    
     (1993–present)
  • Nominal Head of State – Kim Yong-nam
    Kim Yong-nam
    Kim Yong-nam is the current North Korean Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly, a position held since 1998. He was elected a member of the presidium of the politburo of the central committee of the Workers' Party of Korea in 2010.He was born in the Central District, Heijo ,...
    
    , Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea (1998–present)
  • Premier – Hong Song-nam
    Hong Song-nam
    Hong Song-nam was the Premier of North Korea from 1997 to 2003. He succeeded Kang Song-san.- References :* http://www.881903.com/Page/ZH-TW/newsdetail.aspx?ItemId=109054 **...
    
    , Premier of North Korea (1997–2003)
• South Korea (Republic of Korea)
  South Korea
  The Republic of Korea , , is a sovereign state in East Asia, located on the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula. It is neighbored by the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east, North Korea to the north, and the East China Sea and Republic of China to the south...
  
   –
  • President –
    1. Kim Young-sam
       Kim Young-sam
       Kim Young-sam was a South Korean politician and democratic activist. From 1961, he spent 30 years as South Korea's leader of the opposition, and one of Park Chung-hee's most powerful rivals....
       
       , President of South Korea
       President of South Korea
       The President of the Republic of Korea is, according to the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, chief executive of the government, commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and the head of state of the Republic of Korea...
       
        (1993–1998)
    2. Kim Dae-jung, President of South Korea
       President of South Korea
       The President of the Republic of Korea is, according to the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, chief executive of the government, commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and the head of state of the Republic of Korea...
       
        (1998–2003)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Goh Kun
       Goh Kun
       Goh Kun is a South Korean politician. He served as Prime Minister of South Korea from 1997 to 1998 and from 2003 to 2004...
       
       , Prime Minister of South Korea
       Prime Minister of South Korea
       The Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea is appointed by the President with the National Assembly's approval. Unlike prime ministers in the parliamentary system, the Prime Minister of South Korea is not required to be a member of parliament....
       
        (1997–1998)
    2. Kim Jong-pil
       Kim Jong-pil
       Kim Jong-pil is a South Korean politician and founder of the Korean Central Intelligence Agency , who served as Prime Minister twice, from 1971–1975 and from 1998–2000.-Early life:‎...
       
       , Prime Minister of South Korea
       Prime Minister of South Korea
       The Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea is appointed by the President with the National Assembly's approval. Unlike prime ministers in the parliamentary system, the Prime Minister of South Korea is not required to be a member of parliament....
       
        (1998–2000)
• Kuwait
  Kuwait
  The State of Kuwait is a sovereign Arab state situated in the north-east of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south at Khafji, and Iraq to the north at Basra. It lies on the north-western shore of the Persian Gulf. The name Kuwait is derived from the...
  
   –
  • Monarch – Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
    Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
    Jaber III al-Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah, GCB , GCMG of the al-Sabah dynasty, was the Emir and thirteenth Sheikh of Kuwait, serving from December 31, 1977 until his death on January 15, 2006...
    
    , Emir of Kuwait (1977–2006)
  • Prime Minister – Sheikh Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah
    Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah
    Sheikh Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah, KCMG was the Emir of Kuwait during a short reign of nine days , succeeding the late Sheikh Jaber....
    
    , Prime Minister of Kuwait (1978–2003)
• Kyrgyzstan
  Kyrgyzstan
  Kyrgyzstan , officially the Kyrgyz Republic is one of the world's six independent Turkic states . Located in Central Asia, landlocked and mountainous, Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the southwest and China to the east...
  
   –
  • President – Askar Akayev
    Askar Akayev
    Askar Akayevich Akayev served as the President of Kyrgyzstan from 1990 until his overthrow in the March 2005 Tulip Revolution....
    
    , President of Kyrgyzstan
    President of Kyrgyzstan
    The President of Kyrgyzstan is the head of state and the highest official of Kyrgyzstan. The President, according to the constitution, "is the symbol of the unity of people and state power, and is the guarantor of the Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic, and of an individual and citizen." The...
    
     (1990–2005)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Apas Jumagulov
       Apas Jumagulov
       Apas Jumagulov served as the Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan from 14 December 1993 to 24 March 1998....
       
       , Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan
       Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan
       The Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan is the head of government of Kyrgyzstan. Generally, the President is in a stronger position than the Prime Minister in Kyrgyzstan. The president is allowed to appoint the Prime Minister temporarily, and his appointment is known as the acting Prime Minister...
       
        (1993–1998)
    2. Kubanychbek Jumaliyev, Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan
       Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan
       The Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan is the head of government of Kyrgyzstan. Generally, the President is in a stronger position than the Prime Minister in Kyrgyzstan. The president is allowed to appoint the Prime Minister temporarily, and his appointment is known as the acting Prime Minister...
       
        (1998)
    3. Boris Silayev, Acting Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan
       Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan
       The Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan is the head of government of Kyrgyzstan. Generally, the President is in a stronger position than the Prime Minister in Kyrgyzstan. The president is allowed to appoint the Prime Minister temporarily, and his appointment is known as the acting Prime Minister...
       
        (1998)
    4. Jumabek Ibraimov
       Jumabek Ibraimov
       Jumabek Ibraimov was a Kyrgyz politician. Born in Dzhany-Alysh of Kemin District he graduated from Frunze Polytechnic Institute in 1971. He was a post-graduate student and worked as a teacher until mid-70s...
       
       , Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan
       Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan
       The Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan is the head of government of Kyrgyzstan. Generally, the President is in a stronger position than the Prime Minister in Kyrgyzstan. The president is allowed to appoint the Prime Minister temporarily, and his appointment is known as the acting Prime Minister...
       
        (1998–1999)
• Laos
  Laos
  Laos Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south and Thailand to the west...
  
   –
  • Communist Party Leader – Khamtai Siphandon
    Khamtai Siphandon
    General Khamtai Siphandon is a Laotian politician who was President of Laos from February 24, 1998, until June 8, 2006, when he was officially replaced by Choummaly Sayasone....
    
    , General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party
    Lao People's Revolutionary Party
    The Lao People's Revolutionary Party is a communist political party that has governed Laos since 1975. The policy-making organs are the politburo and the central committee. A party congress, which elects members to the politburo and central committee, is held every five years...
    
     (1992–2006)
  • President –
    1. Nouhak Phoumsavanh
       Nouhak Phoumsavanh
       Nouhak Phoumsavanh or Phoumsavan was a longtime Pathet Lao revolutionary and communist party official who was President of Laos from 1992 to 1998....
       
       , President of Laos
       President of Laos
       The President of Laos is the head of state of the People's Democratic Republic of Laos.The office of the President was created in 1975, after the takeover of the country by the Pathet Lao, which abolished the monarchy. A member of the deposed royal family, Prince Souphanouvong, was the first...
       
        (1992–1998)
    2. Khamtai Siphandon
       Khamtai Siphandon
       General Khamtai Siphandon is a Laotian politician who was President of Laos from February 24, 1998, until June 8, 2006, when he was officially replaced by Choummaly Sayasone....
       
       , President of Laos
       President of Laos
       The President of Laos is the head of state of the People's Democratic Republic of Laos.The office of the President was created in 1975, after the takeover of the country by the Pathet Lao, which abolished the monarchy. A member of the deposed royal family, Prince Souphanouvong, was the first...
       
        (1998–2006)
  • Premier –
    1. Khamtai Siphandon
       Khamtai Siphandon
       General Khamtai Siphandon is a Laotian politician who was President of Laos from February 24, 1998, until June 8, 2006, when he was officially replaced by Choummaly Sayasone....
       
       , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos
       Prime Minister of Laos
       The Prime Minister of Laos is the head of government of the People's Democratic Republic of Laos.-Prime Ministers:-Trivia:Between December 1959 to December 1960, Laos had 6 different Prime Ministers, after being ousted by 6 different political coups....
       
        (1991–1998)
    2. Sisavath Keobounphanh
       Sisavath Keobounphanh
       Sisavath Keobounphanh was Vice President of Laos from 1996 to 1998 and third Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos from 1998 to 2001...
       
       , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos
       Prime Minister of Laos
       The Prime Minister of Laos is the head of government of the People's Democratic Republic of Laos.-Prime Ministers:-Trivia:Between December 1959 to December 1960, Laos had 6 different Prime Ministers, after being ousted by 6 different political coups....
       
        (1998–2001)
• Lebanon
  Lebanon
  Lebanon , officially the Republic of LebanonRepublic of Lebanon is the most common term used by Lebanese government agencies. The term Lebanese Republic, a literal translation of the official Arabic and French names that is not used in today's world. Arabic is the most common language spoken among...
  
   –
  • President –
    1. Elias Hrawi
       Elias Hrawi
       Elias Hrawi was a President of Lebanon, whose term of office ran from 1989 to 1998.He was a native of the Beqaa valley. He was elected on 24 November 1989, two days after the assassination of René Moawad, who had held office for just seventeen days...
       
       , President of Lebanon (1989–1998)
    2. Émile Lahoud
       Émile Lahoud
       General Émile Jamil Lahoud is a former President of Lebanon. Lahoud is a Maronite-Catholic, as is required for the Lebanese presidency. Under Lebanon's unwritten constitutional agreement, the National Pact, the presidency is earmarked for Maronite_Catholic, the parliament speaker's post for a Shia...
       
       , President of Lebanon (1998–2007)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Rafic Hariri, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1992–1998)
    2. Selim al-Hoss
       Selim al-Hoss
       Selim Ahmed El-Hoss is a veteran Lebanese politician. He was a Prime Minister of Lebanon and a longtime Member of Parliament representing his hometown, Beirut.-Education:...
       
       , Prime Minister of Lebanon (1998–2000)
• Macau
  Macau
  Macau , also spelled Macao , is, along with Hong Kong, one of the two special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China...
  
   (overseas province of Portugal)
  • Governor – Vasco Joaquim Rocha Vieira
    Vasco Joaquim Rocha Vieira
    Vasco Joaquim Rocha Vieira was the last Governor of Macau.-Background:He is the son of João da Silva Vieira Vasco Joaquim Rocha Vieira (b. Lagoa, 16 August 1939) was the last Governor of Macau.-Background:He is the son of João da Silva Vieira Vasco Joaquim Rocha Vieira (b. Lagoa, 16 August 1939)...
    
    , Governor of Macau
    Governor of Macau
    The Governor of Macau was a Portuguese colonial official who headed the colony of Macau, before 1623 called Captain-major . The post was replaced on December 20, 1999 upon the transfer of administration to the People's Republic of China by the office of the Chief Executive of the Macau Special...
    
     (1991–1999)
• Malaysia –
  • Monarch – Tuanku Jaafar
    Tuanku Jaafar
    Duli Yang Maha Mulia Almarhum Tuanku Ja'afar ibni Almarhum Tuanku Abdul Rahman, GCB was the tenth Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia from 26 April 1994 until 25 April 1999 and the fourth Yang di-Pertuan Besar of modern Negeri Sembilan.-Early life and education:The second son of Tuanku Abdul Rahman...
    
    , Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia
    Yang di-Pertuan Agong
    The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is the head of state of Malaysia. The office was established in 1957 when the Federation of Malaya gained independence....
    
     (1994–1999)
  • Prime Minister – Mahathir Mohamad, Prime Minister of Malaysia
    Prime Minister of Malaysia
    The Prime Minister of Malaysia is the indirectly elected head of government of Malaysia. He is officially appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the head of state, who in HM's judgment is likely to command the confidence of the majority of the members of that House of Representatives , the...
    
     (1981–2003)
• Maldives
  Maldives
  The Maldives , , officially Republic of Maldives , also referred to as the Maldive Islands, is an island nation in the Indian Ocean formed by a double chain of twenty-six atolls oriented north-south off India's Lakshadweep islands, between Minicoy Island and...
  
  
  • President – Maumoon Abdul Gayoom
    Maumoon Abdul Gayoom
    Maumoon Abdul Gayoom was President of the Maldives from 1978 to 2008. After serving as Minister of Transport, he was nominated as President by the Majlis of the Maldives and succeeded Ibrahim Nasir on November 11, 1978. He eventually became the longest-ruling head of government in Asia...
    
    , President of the Maldives
    President of the Maldives
    The President of the Maldives is the Head of State and Head of Government and first citizen of the Republic of Maldives and the Supreme Commander of the Maldivian armed forces.The current President of the Republic of Maldives is Mohamed Nasheed....
    
     (1978–2008)
• Mongolia
  Mongolia
  Mongolia is a landlocked country in East and Central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south, east and west. Although Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, its western-most point is only from Kazakhstan's eastern tip. Ulan Bator, the capital and largest...
  
   –
  • President – Natsagiin Bagabandi, President of Mongolia
    President of Mongolia
    The President of Mongolia is the head of state of Mongolia. The Constitution of Mongolia implements a parliamentary system, so while much of the President's role is ceremonial, he or she does wield significant political power.-Election:...
    
     (1997–2005)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Mendsaikhany Enkhsaikhan, Prime Minister of Mongolia
       Prime Minister of Mongolia
       The Prime Minister of Mongolia is the highest member of the Mongolian government's executive arm, and heads the Mongolian cabinet. The Prime Minister is appointed by Parliament, and can be removed by a vote of no confidence.-Powers:...
       
        (1996–1998)
    2. Janlavyn Narantsatsralt
       Janlavyn Narantsatsralt
       Janlavyn Narantsatsralt was a Mongol politician. He served as Prime Minister of Mongolia from 1998-12-09 until 1999-07-22.- Life :...
       
       , Prime Minister of Mongolia
       Prime Minister of Mongolia
       The Prime Minister of Mongolia is the highest member of the Mongolian government's executive arm, and heads the Mongolian cabinet. The Prime Minister is appointed by Parliament, and can be removed by a vote of no confidence.-Powers:...
       
        (1998–1999)
• Myanmar
  Myanmar
  Burma , officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar , is a country in Southeast Asia. Burma is bordered by China on the northeast, Laos on the east, Thailand on the southeast, Bangladesh on the west, India on the northwest, the Bay of Bengal to the southwest, and the Andaman Sea on the south....
  
   –
  • Head of State – Than Shwe
    Than Shwe
    Senior General Than Shwe is a Burmese military leader and politician who was chairman of the State Peace and Development Council from 1992 to 2011. During the period, he held key positions of power including commander-in-chief of the Myanmar Armed Forces and head of Union Solidarity and...
    
    , Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council of Myanmar
    President of Burma
    The President of Burma is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, and leads the executive branch of the Burmese government, and heads the Cabinet of Burma. The president is elected by members of parliament, not by the general population. The Presidential...
    
     (1992–2011)
  • Prime Minister – Than Shwe
    Than Shwe
    Senior General Than Shwe is a Burmese military leader and politician who was chairman of the State Peace and Development Council from 1992 to 2011. During the period, he held key positions of power including commander-in-chief of the Myanmar Armed Forces and head of Union Solidarity and...
    
    , Prime Minister of Myanmar
    Prime Minister of Myanmar
    The Prime Minister of Burma was the head of government of Burma, also called Myanmar, from 1948 to 2011.-History of the office:The position of Prime Minister was created in 1948, when Burma gained independence from the United Kingdom. Since then, eleven people have held the office...
    
     (1992–2003)
• Nepal –
  • Monarch – Birendra
    Birendra of Nepal
    Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev was a King of Nepal. The son of King Mahendra, whom he succeeded in 1972, he reigned until his death in the 2001 Nepalese royal massacre...
    
    , King of Nepal
    Nepalese monarchy
    The Kingdom of Nepal , also referred to as the Gorkha Kingdom, was formed in 1768 by the unification of Nepal. Founded by Prithvi Narayan Shah The Kingdom of Nepal , also referred to as the Gorkha Kingdom, was formed in 1768 by the unification of Nepal. Founded by Prithvi Narayan Shah The Kingdom...
    
     (1972–2001)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Surya Bahadur Thapa
       Surya Bahadur Thapa
       Surya Bahadur Thapa has been Prime Minister of Nepal five times, under three different kings, in a political career lasting nearly 50 years. His terms were 1963-64, 1965–69, 1979–83, 1997–98 and 2003-04....
       
       , Prime Minister of Nepal (1997–1998)
    2. Girija Prasad Koirala
       Girija Prasad Koirala
       Girija Prasad Koirala was a Nepalese politician and the President of the Nepali Congress, a major political party. He was Prime Minister of Nepal for four times, serving from 1991 to 1994, 1998 to 1999, 2000 to 2001, and from 2006 to 2008; he was also Acting Head of State from January 2007 to July...
       
       , Prime Minister of Nepal (1998–1999)
• Oman
  Oman
  Oman , officially called the Sultanate of Oman , is an Arab state in southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by the United Arab Emirates to the northwest, Saudi Arabia to the west, and Yemen to the southwest. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the...
  
   –
  • Monarch – Qaboos bin Said al Said, Sultan of Oman (1970–present)
  • Prime Minister – Qaboos bin Said al Said, Prime Minister of Oman (1972–present)
• Pakistan
  Pakistan
  Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
  
   –
  • President –
    1. Wasim Sajjad
       Wasim Sajjad
       Wasim Sajjad was interim President of Pakistan on two occasions, serving as interim President prior to elections. Currently, being a member of PML-Q, he is the Leader of the Opposition in Senate of Pakistan.- Early life :...
       
       , Acting President of Pakistan
       President of Pakistan
       The President of Pakistan is the head of state, as well as figurehead, of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Recently passed an XVIII Amendment , Pakistan has a parliamentary democratic system of government. According to the Constitution, the President is chosen by the Electoral College to serve a...
       
        (1997–1998)
    2. Muhammad Rafiq Tarar
       Muhammad Rafiq Tarar
       Judge Muhammad Rafiq Tarar was the ninth President of Pakistan from January 1, 1998 until June 20, 2001 and before that Supreme Court of Pakistan judge and Chief Justice of Lahore High Court....
       
       , President of Pakistan
       President of Pakistan
       The President of Pakistan is the head of state, as well as figurehead, of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Recently passed an XVIII Amendment , Pakistan has a parliamentary democratic system of government. According to the Constitution, the President is chosen by the Electoral College to serve a...
       
        (1998–2001)
  • Prime Minister – Nawaz Sharif
    Nawaz Sharif
    Mian Mohammad Nawaz Sharif is a Pakistani conservative politician and steel magnate who served as 12th Prime Minister of Pakistan in two non-consecutive terms from November 1990 to July 1993, and from February 1997 to October 12, 1999...
    
    , Prime Minister of Pakistan
    Prime Minister of Pakistan
    The Prime Minister of Pakistan , is the Head of Government of Pakistan who is designated to exercise as the country's Chief Executive. By the Constitution of Pakistan, Pakistan has the parliamentary democratic system of government...
    
     (1997–1999)
• Philippines
  Philippines
  The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...
  
  
  • President –
    1. Fidel V. Ramos
       Fidel V. Ramos
       Fidel "Eddie" Valdez Ramos , popularly known as FVR, was the 12th President of the Philippines from 1992 to 1998. During his six years in office, Ramos was widely credited and admired by many for revitalizing and renewing international confidence in the Philippine economy.Prior to his election as...
       
       , President of the Philippines (1992–1998)
    2. Joseph Estrada
       Joseph Estrada
       Joseph "Erap" Ejercito Estrada was the 13th President of the Philippines, serving from 1998 until 2001. Estrada was the first person in the Post-EDSA era to be elected both to the presidency and vice-presidency.Estrada gained popularity as a film actor, playing the lead role in over 100 films in...
       
       , President of the Philippines (1998–2001)
• Qatar
  Qatar
  Qatar , also known as the State of Qatar or locally Dawlat Qaṭar, is a sovereign Arab state, located in the Middle East, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeasterly coast of the much larger Arabian Peninsula. Its sole land border is with Saudi Arabia to the south, with the rest of its...
  
   –
  • Monarch – Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1995–present)
  • Prime Minister – Sheikh Abdullah bin Khalifa Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (1996–2007)
• Saudi Arabia
  Saudi Arabia
  The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , commonly known in British English as Saudi Arabia and in Arabic as as-Sa‘ūdiyyah , is the largest state in Western Asia by land area, constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and the second-largest in the Arab World...
  
  
  • Monarch – Fahd
    Fahd of Saudi Arabia
    Fahd bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud, Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, was King of Saudi Arabia from 1982 to 2005...
    
    , King of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005)
  • Prime Minister – Fahd
    Fahd of Saudi Arabia
    Fahd bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud, Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, was King of Saudi Arabia from 1982 to 2005...
    
    , Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia
    Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia
    The Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia is formally the Head of government under the Malik , the rather absolute Head of State of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.-History:...
    
     (1982–2005)
• Singapore
  Singapore
  Singapore , officially the Republic of Singapore, is a Southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, north of the equator. An island country made up of 63 islands, it is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the...
  
   –
  • President – Ong Teng Cheong
    Ong Teng Cheong
    Ong Teng Cheong was the first directly elected President of the Republic of Singapore. He was the nation's fifth President, and served a six-year term from 1 September 1993 to 31 August 1999.-Early life:...
    
    , President of Singapore
    President of Singapore
    The President of the Republic of Singapore is Singapore's head of state. In a Westminster parliamentary system, as which Singapore governs itself, the prime minister is the head of the government while the position of president is largely ceremonial. Before 1993, the President of Singapore was...
    
     (1993–1999)
  • Prime Minister – Goh Chok Tong
    Goh Chok Tong
    Goh Chok Tong is the Senior Minister of Singapore and the chairman of the central bank of Singapore, the Monetary Authority of Singapore. He also served as the second Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore from 28 November 1990 to 12 August 2004, succeeding Lee Kuan Yew, the former Prime...
    
    , Prime Minister of Singapore
    Prime Minister of Singapore
    The Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore is the head of the government of the Republic of Singapore. The President of Singapore appoints as Prime Minister a Member of Parliament who, in his opinion, is most likely to command the confidence of a majority of MPs.The office of Prime Minister...
    
     (1990–2004)
• Sri Lanka
  Sri Lanka
  Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is a country off the southern coast of the Indian subcontinent. Known until 1972 as Ceylon , Sri Lanka is an island surrounded by the Indian Ocean, the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait, and lies in the vicinity of India and the...
  
   –
  • President – Chandrika Kumaratunga
    Chandrika Kumaratunga
    Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga born June 29, 1945) was the 4th Executive president of Sri Lanka, serving from November 12, 1994 to November 19, 2005. The daughter of two former Prime Ministers, she was also the leader of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party until end of 2005...
    
    , President of Sri Lanka
    President of Sri Lanka
    The President of Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is the elected head of state and the head of government. The President is a dominant political figure in Sri Lanka. The office was created in 1978 but has grown so powerful there have been calls to restrict or even eliminate its power...
    
     (1994–2005)
  • Prime Minister – Sirimavo Bandaranaike
    Sirimavo Bandaranaike
    Sirimavo Ratwatte Dias Bandaranaike was a Sri Lankan politician and the world's first female head of government...
    
    , Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (1994–2000)
• Syria
  Syria
  Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest....
  
   –
  • President – Hafez al-Assad
    Hafez al-Assad
    Hafez ibn 'Ali ibn Sulayman al-Assad or more commonly Hafez al-Assad was the President of Syria for three decades. Assad's rule consolidated the power of the central government after decades of coups and counter-coups, such as Operation Wappen in 1957 conducted by the Eisenhower administration and...
    
    , President of Syria (1971–2000)
  • Prime Minister – Mahmoud Zuabi
    Mahmoud Zuabi
    Mahmoud Zuabi was Syria's Prime Minister from November 1, 1987 until March 7, 2000.- Early life :...
    
    , Prime Minister of Syria (1987–2000)
• Taiwan (Republic of China)
  Republic of China
  The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan , which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor...
  
   –
  • President – Lee Teng-hui
    Lee Teng-hui
    Lee Teng-hui is a politician of the Republic of China . He was the 7th, 8th, and 9th-term President of the Republic of China and Chairman of the Kuomintang from 1988 to 2000. He presided over major advancements in democratic reforms including his own re-election which marked the first direct...
    
    , President of the Republic of China
    President of the Republic of China
    The President of the Republic of China is the head of state and commander-in-chief of the Republic of China . The Republic of China was founded on January 1, 1912, to govern all of China...
    
     (1988–2000)
  • Premier – Vincent Siew
    Vincent Siew
    Vincent C. Siew Wan-chang is the incumbent Vice President of the Republic of China. He was the first Taiwanese-born Premier of the Republic of China and former vice-chairman of the Kuomintang .-Biography:...
    
    , President of the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China
    Premier of the Republic of China
    The President of the Executive Yuan , commonly known as the Premier of the Republic of China , is the head of the Executive Yuan, the executive branch of the Republic of China , which currently administers Taiwan, Matsu, and Kinmen. The premier is appointed by the President of the Republic of China...
    
     (1997–2000)
• Tajikistan
  Tajikistan
  Tajikistan , officially the Republic of Tajikistan , is a mountainous landlocked country in Central Asia. Afghanistan borders it to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east....
  
   –
  • President – Emomali Rahmonov
    Emomali Rahmonov
    Emomalii Rahmon has served as the head of state of the Republic of Tajikistan since 1992, under the position of President since 1994.-Biography:...
    
    , President of Tajikistan (1992–present)
  • Prime Minister – Yahyo Azimov
    Yahyo Azimov
    Yahyo Nuriddinovich Azimov was Prime Minister of Tajikistan between February 8, 1996 and December 20, 1999. Before this, he was a factory manager in Khujand.-References:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1996–1999)
• Thailand
  Thailand
  Thailand , officially the Kingdom of Thailand , formerly known as Siam , is a country located at the centre of the Indochina peninsula and Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the...
  
   –
  • Monarch – Bhumibol Adulyadej
    Bhumibol Adulyadej
    Bhumibol Adulyadej is the current King of Thailand. He is known as Rama IX...
    
    , King of Thailand (1946–present)
  • Prime Minister – Chuan Leekpai
    Chuan Leekpai
    Chuan Leekpai was the Prime Minister of Thailand from September 20, 1992 to May 19, 1995 and again from November 9, 1997 to February 9, 2001. A third-generation Thai Chinese, Chuan was born in Trang province in a grass-roofed house. The walls of his family's house were woven from strips of...
    
    , Prime Minister of Thailand (1997–2001)
• Turkey
  Turkey
  Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
  
   –
  • President – Süleyman Demirel
    Süleyman Demirel
    Sami Süleyman Gündoğdu Demirel, better known as Süleyman Demirel , is a Turkish politician who served as Prime Minister seven times and was the ninth President of Turkey.-Life:Demirel was born in İslamköy, a town in Isparta Province...
    
    , President of Turkey (1993–2000)
  • Prime Minister – Mesut Yılmaz
    Mesut Yilmaz
    Ahmet Mesut Yılmaz is the former leader of the Motherland Party and was the Turkish prime minister in the 1990s.Mesut Yılmaz was a rising star in the Motherland Party of Turgut Özal, representing the Black Sea province of Rize in the parliament and serving as tourism minister in Ozal's cabinet...
    
    , Prime Minister of Turkey (1997–1999)
• Turkmenistan
  Turkmenistan
  Turkmenistan , formerly also known as Turkmenia is one of the Turkic states in Central Asia. Until 1991, it was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic . Turkmenistan is one of the six independent Turkic states...
  
  
  • President – Saparmurat Niyazov
    Saparmurat Niyazov
    Saparmurat Atayevich Niyazov; , was a Turkmen politician who served as President of Turkmenistan from 2 November 1990 until his death in 2006...
    
    , President of Turkmenistan
    President of Turkmenistan
    -First Secretaries of the Turkmen Communist Party:*Ivan Mezhlauk *Shaymardan Ibragimov *Nikolay Paskutsky *Grigory Aronshtam...
    
     (1990–2006)
• United Arab Emirates
  United Arab Emirates
  The United Arab Emirates, abbreviated as the UAE, or shortened to "the Emirates", is a state situated in the southeast of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman, and Saudi Arabia, and sharing sea borders with Iraq, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, and Iran.The UAE is a...
  
   –
  • President – Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates
    President of the United Arab Emirates
    The President is the Head of State of the United Arab Emirates. Because the current ruler of Abu Dhabi customarily also holds the presidency of the UAE, the office is de facto hereditary. The President is also Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces and Chairman of the Supreme Council and...
    
     (1971–2004)
  • Prime Minister – Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum
    Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum
    Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum , also referred to as Sheikh Maktoum was the Vice President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates and the emir of Dubai.-Biography:...
    
    , Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1990–2006)
• Uzbekistan
  Uzbekistan
  Uzbekistan , officially the Republic of Uzbekistan is a doubly landlocked country in Central Asia and one of the six independent Turkic states. It shares borders with Kazakhstan to the west and to the north, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to the east, and Afghanistan and Turkmenistan to the south....
  
   –
  • President – Islam Karimov, President of Uzbekistan
    President of Uzbekistan
    President of the Republic of Uzbekistan is the Head of State and executive authority in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The office of President was established in 1991 replacing the position of First secretary of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan that has existed since 1925 while the country was known...
    
     (1990–present)
  • Prime Minister – O‘tkir Sultonov, Prime Minister of Uzbekistan
    Prime Minister of Uzbekistan
    According to the Constitution of Uzbekistan, the Prime Minister of Uzbekistan and the deputy ministers are appointed by the President.-Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars:*Fayzulla Khodzhayev...
    
     (1995–2003)
• Vietnam
  Vietnam
  Vietnam – sometimes spelled Viet Nam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam – is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea –...
  
   –
  • Communist Party Leader – Lê Khả Phiêu, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam
    General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam
    The General Secretary is the leader of the Communist Party of Vietnam. The activities of Politburo and Secretariat are directed by the General Secretary. The post holder also maintains the top position in the Party's Central Military Commission, which is considered the supreme military...
    
     (1997–2001)
  • President – Trần Đức Lương, President of Vietnam
    President of Vietnam
    The President of Vietnam is the head of state of Vietnam, although the functions of the President are often ceremonial...
    
     (1997–2006)
  • Prime Minister – Phan Văn Khải, Prime Minister of Vietnam
    Prime Minister of Vietnam
    -Office:The Prime Minister of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is the head of the executive branch of the Vietnamese government. The Prime Minister presides over the Vietnamese cabinet, and is responsible for appointing and supervising ministers...
    
     (1997–2006)
• Yemen
  Yemen
  The Republic of Yemen , commonly known as Yemen , is a country located in the Middle East, occupying the southwestern to southern end of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Red Sea to the west, and Oman to the east....
  
   –
  • President – Ali Abdullah Saleh
    Ali Abdullah Saleh
    Field Marshal Ali Abdullah Saleh is the first President of the Republic of Yemen. Saleh previously served as President of the Yemen Arab Republic from 1978 until 1990, at which time he assumed the office of chairman of the Presidential Council of a post-unification Yemen. He is the...
    
    , President of Yemen
    President of Yemen
    The President of the Republic of Yemen is the head of state of Yemen.Under the Constitution of Yemen, the president is also the supreme commander of the armed forces and head of the executive branch of the Yemeni government....
    
     (1978–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Faraj Said Bin Ghanem
       Faraj Said Bin Ghanem
       Faraj Said Bin Ghanem was the Prime Minister of Yemen from 17 May 1997 to 29 April 1998.-References:...
       
       , Prime Minister of Yemen
       Prime Minister of Yemen
       The Prime Minister of the Republic of Yemen is the head of government in that country. The current Prime Minister, Ali Muhammad Mujawar, has held the position since 7 April 2007. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President...
       
        (1997–1998)
    2. Abd al-Karim al-Iryani, Prime Minister of Yemen
       Prime Minister of Yemen
       The Prime Minister of the Republic of Yemen is the head of government in that country. The current Prime Minister, Ali Muhammad Mujawar, has held the position since 7 April 2007. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President...
       
        (1998–2001)

Europe

• Albania
  Albania
  Albania , officially known as the Republic of Albania , is a country in Southeastern Europe, in the Balkans region. It is bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, the Republic of Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south and southeast. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea...
  
   –
  • President – Rexhep Meidani
    Rexhep Meidani
    is an Albanian politician. He graduated from the University of Tirana , Faculty of Natural Sciences, Branch Physics, as well as successfully accomplished the postgraduate studies in the University of Caen...
    
    , President of Albania (1997–2002)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Fatos Nano
       Fatos Nano
       Fatos Thanas Nano is an Albanian economist who was Prime Minister of Albania during several periods, the first leader of the Socialist Party of Albania, and member of the Albanian Parliament from 1991 to 1996 and 1997 to 2009...
       
       , Prime Minister of Albania (1997–1998)
    2. Pandeli Majko
       Pandeli Majko
       Pandeli Majko was Prime Minister of Albania from 1998 to 1999 and for a short time in 2002.He graduated at the University of Tirana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, and later in Law.- MP of the Socialist Party :...
       
       , Prime Minister of Albania (1998–1999)
• Andorra
  Andorra
  Andorra , officially the Principality of Andorra , also called the Principality of the Valleys of Andorra, , is a small landlocked country in southwestern Europe, located in the eastern Pyrenees mountains and bordered by Spain and France. It is the sixth smallest nation in Europe having an area of...
  
   –
  • Monarchs
    • French Co-Prince – Jacques Chirac
      Jacques Chirac
      Jacques René Chirac is a French politician who served as President of France from 1995 to 2007. He previously served as Prime Minister of France from 1974 to 1976 and from 1986 to 1988 , and as Mayor of Paris from 1977 to 1995.After completing his studies of the DEA's degree at the...
      
      , French Co-Prince of Andorra (1995–2007)
    • Episcopal Co-Prince – Joan Martí i Alanis, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1971–2003)
  • Prime Minister – Marc Forné Molné
    Marc Forné Molné
    Marc Forné i Molné was the Head of Government of Andorra from 7 December 1994 to 27 May 2005. After 2 full terms, he was succeeded by Albert Pintat after he won the April 2005 election...
    
    , Head of Government of Andorra
    Head of Government of Andorra
    The Head of Government is the chief executive of the government of the Principality of Andorra.The current Cap de Govern is Antoni Martí.-Heads of Government:-See also:*List of Co-Princes of Andorra...
    
     (1994–2005)
• Armenia
  Armenia
  Armenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia...
  
   –
  • President –
    1. Levon Ter-Petrossian
       Levon Ter-Petrossian
       Levon Ter-Petrossian , sometimes transliterated Levon Ter-Petrosyan or Ter-Petrosian , was the first President of Armenia from 1991 to 1998...
       
       , President of Armenia
       President of Armenia
       President of Armenia is the title of the head of state of Armenia since its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.-Democratic Republic of Armenia :*Avetis Aharonyan *Avetik Sahakyan *Avetis Aharonyan -Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and Armenian...
       
        (1990–1998)
    2. Robert Kocharyan, President of Armenia
       President of Armenia
       President of Armenia is the title of the head of state of Armenia since its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.-Democratic Republic of Armenia :*Avetis Aharonyan *Avetik Sahakyan *Avetis Aharonyan -Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and Armenian...
       
        (1998–2008)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Robert Kocharyan, Prime Minister of Armenia
       Prime Minister of Armenia
       The Prime Minister of Armenia is the most senior minister within the Armenian government, and is required by the constitution to "oversee the Government's regular activities and coordinate the work of the Ministers." The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Armenia, but can be removed by...
       
        (1997–1998)
    2. Armen Darbinyan
       Armen Darbinyan
       Armen Darbinyan was born in Gyumri, Armenia on January 23, 1965. In 1986, he received an honors degree at the Department of Economy, Moscow State University. In 1989, Darbinyan completed a post-graduate course at Moscow State University. In 1994, he was appointed First Vice-Chairman of the Central...
       
       , Prime Minister of Armenia
       Prime Minister of Armenia
       The Prime Minister of Armenia is the most senior minister within the Armenian government, and is required by the constitution to "oversee the Government's regular activities and coordinate the work of the Ministers." The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Armenia, but can be removed by...
       
        (1998–1999)
• Austria
  Austria
  Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
  
   –
  • President – Thomas Klestil
    Thomas Klestil
    Thomas Klestil was an Austrian diplomat and politician. He was elected the tenth President of Austria in 1992 and was re-elected to the position in 1998...
    
    , Federal President of Austria
    President of Austria
    The President of Austria is the federal head of state of Austria. Though theoretically entrusted with great power by the constitution, in practice the President acts, for the most part, merely as a ceremonial figurehead...
    
     (1992–2004)
  • Chancellor – Viktor Klima
    Viktor Klima
    Viktor Klima is an Austrian Social Democrat politician and businessman. He was chancellor of Austria from 1997 to 2000.-Early career:...
    
    , Federal Chancellor of Austria
    Chancellor of Austria
    The Federal Chancellor is the head of government in Austria. Its deputy is the Vice-Chancellor. Before 1918, the equivalent office was the Minister-President of Austria. The Federal Chancellor is considered to be the most powerful political position in Austrian politics.-Appointment:The...
    
     (1997–2000)
• Azerbaijan
  Azerbaijan
  Azerbaijan , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan is the largest country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to...
  
   –
  • President – Heydar Aliyev
    Heydar Aliyev
    Heydar Alirza oglu Aliyev , also spelled as Heidar Aliev, Geidar Aliev, Haydar Aliyev, Geydar Aliyev was the third President of Azerbaijan for the New Azerbaijan Party from June 1993 to October 2003, when his son Ilham Aliyev succeeded him.From 1969 till 1982, Aliyev was also the leader of Soviet...
    
    , President of Azerbaijan
    President of Azerbaijan
    The country of Azerbaijan is a presidential republic, with the President of Azerbaijan as the head of state, and the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan as head of government...
    
     (1993–2003)
  • Prime Minister – Artur Rasizade
    Artur Rasizade
    Artur Tahir oğlu Rasizada , often spelled as Artur Rasizade , is the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan. Rasizada was a long-time Communist Party member during the Azerbaijan SSR period...
    
    , Prime Minister of Azerbaijan
    Prime Minister of Azerbaijan
    The Prime Minister of Azerbaijan is the head of government of Azerbaijan. The current prime minister is Artur Rasizade.-Prime Ministers:* Fath Ali Khan Khoyski * Nasib Yusifbeyli...
    
     (1996–2003)
  • Nagorno-Karabakh
    Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
    The Nagorno-Karabakh Republic , or Artsakh Republic is a de facto independent republic located in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia...
    
     (unrecognized, secessionist state)
    • President – Arkadi Ghukasyan, President of Nagorno-Karabakh
      President of Nagorno-Karabakh
      -Chairmen of Parliament :-Presidents :-Latest election:-See also:*Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic...
      
       (1997–2007)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Leonard Petrosyan
         Leonard Petrosyan
         Leonard Petrosyan Լեոնարդ Պետրոսյան was the second president of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic for almost 6 months . He also served as Prime Minister of the Republic 1994-1997. He was killed in the 1999 Armenian parliament shooting...
         
         , Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh
         Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh
         -List of Prime Ministers of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic :-See also:*President of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic...
         
          (1994–1998)
      2. Zhirayr Poghosyan, Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh
         Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh
         -List of Prime Ministers of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic :-See also:*President of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic...
         
          (1998–1999)
• Belarus
  Belarus
  Belarus , officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered clockwise by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno , Gomel ,...
  
   –
  • President – Alexander Lukashenko
    Alexander Lukashenko
    Alexander Grigoryevich Lukashenko has been serving as the President of Belarus since 20 July 1994. Before his career as a politician, Lukashenko worked as director of a state-owned agricultural farm. Under Lukashenko's rule, Belarus has come to be viewed as a state whose conduct is out of line...
    
    , President of Belarus (1994–present)
  • Prime Minister – Syargey Ling, Prime Minister of Belarus (1997–2000)
• Belgium
  Belgium
  Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...
  
   –
  • Monarch – Albert II
    Albert II of Belgium
    Albert II is the current reigning King of the Belgians, a constitutional monarch. He is a member of the royal house "of Belgium"; formerly this house was named Saxe-Coburg-Gotha...
    
    , King of the Belgians
    Monarchy of Belgium
    Monarchy in Belgium is constitutional and popular in nature. The hereditary monarch, at present Albert II, is the head of state and is officially called King of the Belgians .-Origins:...
    
     (1993–present)
  • Prime Minister – Jean-Luc Dehaene
    Jean-Luc Dehaene
    -Early life and political career:He was born in Montpellier, France, when his parents were fleeing German troops. He got into politics through the Algemeen Christelijk Werknemersverbond , a trade union which was closely linked to the Christelijke Volkspartij .In 1981, he became Minister of Social...
    
    , Prime Minister of Belgium (1992–1999)
• Bosnia and Herzegovina
  Bosnia and Herzegovina
  Bosnia and Herzegovina , sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina or simply Bosnia, is a country in Southern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. Bordered by Croatia to the north, west and south, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina is almost landlocked, except for the...
  
   –
  • Head of State – Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
    Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
    The Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the head of state of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-Overview:...
    
    
    • Bosniak member – Alija Izetbegović
      Alija Izetbegovic
      Alija Izetbegović was a Bosniak activist, lawyer, author, philosopher and politician, who, in 1990, became the first president of Bosnia and Herzegovina. He served in this role until 1996, when he became a member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, serving until 2000...
      
       (1996–2000), Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
      Chairmen of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
      The following is a list of Chairmen of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina:-See also:...
      
       (1996–1998)
    • Serb member –
      1. Momčilo Krajišnik
         Momcilo Krajišnik
         Momčilo Krajišnik is a Bosnian Serb former politician convicted of murder and other crimes against humanity during the Bosnian war .He co-founded the Bosnian Serb nationalist Serbian Democratic Party with Radovan...
         
          (1996–1998)
      2. Živko Radišić
         Živko Radišic
         Živko Radišić is a Bosnian Serb politician and former Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina....
         
          (1998–2002), Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
         Chairmen of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
         The following is a list of Chairmen of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina:-See also:...
         
          (1998–1999)
    • Croat member –
      1. Krešimir Zubak
         Krešimir Zubak
         Krešimir Zubak is a Bosnian Croat politician.At the beginning of the Bosnian War in 1992, he joined the Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina. After Mate Boban left the position of president of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia, Zubak succeeded him...
         
          (1996–1998)
      2. Ante Jelavić
         Ante Jelavic
         Ante Jelavić is a Croat politician and former Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina.Jelavić was born in 1963 in Podprolog, Vrgorac, Croatia, then Yugoslavia, and was elected to the post as a candidate of the Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina.Ante Jelavić served as...
         
          (1998–2001)
  • Co-prime Ministers – Haris Silajdžić
    Haris Silajdžic
    Haris Silajdžić is a Bosnian politician and academic. In the 2006 elections, Silajdžić was elected as the Bosniak member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina for four years in the rotating presidency.He was born in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Yugoslavia.- Political career:From 1990...
    
     and Boro Bosić, Co-Prime Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1997–1999)
  • High Representative – Carlos Westendorp
    Carlos Westendorp
    Carlos Westendorp y Cabeza is a Spanish diplomat.He joined the Spanish Diplomatic Service in 1966.Following several assignments abroad and in Spain Carlos Westendorp y Cabeza (born 7 January 1937 in Madrid) is a Spanish diplomat.He joined the Spanish Diplomatic Service in 1966.Following several...
    
    , High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina
    High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina
    The High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina, with the Office of the High Representative in Bosnia and Herzegovina, was created in 1995 immediately after the Dayton Peace Agreement to oversee the civilian implementation of this agreement. The High Representative and the OHR represent the...
    
     (1997–1999)
• Bulgaria
  Bulgaria
  Bulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east...
  
   –
  • President – Petar Stoyanov
    Petar Stoyanov
    Petar Stefanov Stoyanov is a former President of Bulgaria from 1997 until 2002. He was elected as a candidate of the Union of Democratic Forces...
    
    , President of Bulgaria (1997–2002)
  • Prime Minister – Ivan Kostov
    Ivan Kostov
    Ivan Yordanov Kostov was Prime Minister of Bulgaria from May 1997 to July 2001 and leader of the Union of Democratic Forces between December 1994 and July 2001....
    
    , Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1997–2001)
• Croatia
  Croatia
  Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
  
   –
  • President – Franjo Tuđman, President of Croatia
    President of Croatia
    The President of Croatia , officially styled the President of the Republic represents the Republic of Croatia in the country and abroad as the head of state, maintains the regular and coordinated operation and stability of the national government system, and safeguards the independence and...
    
     (1990–1999)
  • Prime Minister – Zlatko Mateša
    Zlatko Mateša
    Zlatko Mateša was the Prime Minister of Croatia from late 1995 until 31 January 2000. He is a member of the Croatian Democratic Union....
    
    , President of the Government of Croatia (1995–2000)
• Cyprus
  Cyprus
  Cyprus , officially the Republic of Cyprus , is a Eurasian island country, member of the European Union, in the Eastern Mediterranean, east of Greece, south of Turkey, west of Syria and north of Egypt. It is the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.The earliest known human activity on the...
  
   –
  • President – Glafcos Clerides, President of Cyprus (1993–2003)
  • Northern Cyprus (unrecognized, secessionist state)
    • President – Rauf Denktaş
      Rauf Denktas
      Rauf Raif Denktaş is the founder and the first president of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus , a de facto state which is only recognized by Turkey...
      
      , President of Northern Cyprus
      President of Northern Cyprus
      The President of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is the head of state of the TRNC. Rauf Denktaş was the first and founder president of TRNC, and retired in 2005. His position was taken over by Mehmet Ali Talat, followed by the current president, Derviş Eroğlu.In the Turkish Republic of...
      
       (1975–2005)
    • Prime Minister – Derviş Eroğlu
      Dervis Eroglu
      Dr. Derviş Eroğlu is the President of the unrecognized Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. He was Prime Minister of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus from 1985 to 1994 and from 1996 to 2004, and leader of the National Unity Party. His party won the general elections in 2009 and Eroğlu...
      
      , Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus
      Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus
      The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President is head of state and the Prime Minister head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative...
      
       (1996–2004)
• Czech Republic
  Czech Republic
  The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
  
   –
  • President – Václav Havel
    Václav Havel
    Václav Havel is a Czech playwright, essayist, poet, dissident and politician. He was the tenth and last President of Czechoslovakia and the first President of the Czech Republic . He has written over twenty plays and numerous non-fiction works, translated internationally...
    
    , President of the Czech Republic (1993–2003)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Josef Tošovský
       Josef Tošovský
       Josef Tošovský is a Czech economist and was governor of Czech National Bank from 1993 to 2000. From 16 December 1997 to 17 July 1998 he was the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic in a caretaker government.Tošovský graduated from the University of Economics, Prague...
       
       , Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (1997–1998)
    2. Miloš Zeman
       Miloš Zeman
       Miloš Zeman is a well-known Czech politician. He was a member and leader of the Czech Social Democratic Party, former speaker of the chamber of deputies from 1996 until 1998, and the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic from 1998 until 2002. He was a frequent rival of Václav Klaus...
       
       , Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (1998–2002)
• Denmark
  Kingdom of Denmark
  The Kingdom of Denmark or the Danish Realm , is a constitutional monarchy and sovereign state consisting of Denmark proper in northern Europe and two autonomous constituent countries, the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic and Greenland in North America. Denmark is the hegemonial part, where the...
  
  
  • Monarch – Margrethe II
    Margrethe II of Denmark
    Margrethe II is the Queen regnant of the Kingdom of Denmark. In 1972 she became the first female monarch of Denmark since Margaret I, ruler of the Scandinavian countries in 1375-1412 during the Kalmar Union.-Early life:...
    
    , Queen of Denmark (1972–present)
  • Prime Minister – Poul Nyrup Rasmussen
    Poul Nyrup Rasmussen
    Poul Nyrup Rasmussen , informally Poul Nyrup, born 15 June 1943), was Prime Minister of Denmark from 25 January 1993 to 27 November 2001 and is currently President of the Party of European Socialists . He was the leader of the governing Social Democrats from 1992 to 2002...
    
    , Prime Minister of Denmark (1993–2001)
• Estonia
  Estonia
  Estonia , officially the Republic of Estonia , is a state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia , and to the east by Lake Peipsi and the Russian Federation . Across the Baltic Sea lies...
  
   –
  • President – Lennart Meri
    Lennart Meri
    Lennart Georg Meri was a writer, film director and statesman who served as the second President of Estonia from 1992 to 2001. Meri was a leader of the Estonian independence movement.-Early life:...
    
    , President of Estonia
    President of Estonia
    The President of the Republic is the head of state of the Republic of Estonia.Estonia is a parliamentary republic, therefore President is mainly a symbolic figure and holds no executive power. The President has to suspend his membership in any political party for his term in office...
    
     (1992–2001)
  • Prime Minister – Mart Siimann
    Mart Siimann
    Mart Siimann was the Prime Minister of Estonia from 1997 to 1999. Since 2001, he has been the president of the Estonian Olympic Committee....
    
    , Prime Minister of Estonia
    Prime Minister of Estonia
    The Prime Minister of Estonia is the head of government of the Republic of Estonia. The prime minister is nominated by the President after appropriate consultations with the parliamentary factions and confirmed by the Parliament. In case of disagreement, the Parliament can reject the President's...
    
     (1997–1999)
• Finland
  Finland
  Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.Around 5.4 million people reside...
  
   –
  • President – Martti Ahtisaari
    Martti Ahtisaari
    Martti Oiva Kalevi Ahtisaari is a Finnish politician, the tenth President of Finland , Nobel Peace Prize laureate and United Nations diplomat and mediator, noted for his international peace work....
    
    , President of Finland
    President of Finland
    The President of the Republic of Finland is the nation's head of state. Under the Finnish constitution, executive power is vested in the President and the government, with the President possessing extensive powers. The President is elected directly by the people of Finland for a term of six years....
    
    , (1994–2000)
  • Prime Minister – Paavo Lipponen
    Paavo Lipponen
    Paavo Tapio Lipponen is a Finnish politician and former reporter. He was Prime Minister of Finland from 1995 to 2003, and Chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Finland from 1993 to 2005...
    
    , Prime Minister of Finland
    Prime Minister of Finland
    The Prime Minister is the Head of Government of Finland. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President, who is the Head of State. The current Prime Minister is Jyrki Katainen of the National Coalition Party.-Overview:...
    
    , (1995–2003)
• France
  France
  The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
  
   –
  • President – Jacques Chirac
    Jacques Chirac
    Jacques René Chirac is a French politician who served as President of France from 1995 to 2007. He previously served as Prime Minister of France from 1974 to 1976 and from 1986 to 1988 , and as Mayor of Paris from 1977 to 1995.After completing his studies of the DEA's degree at the...
    
    , President of France
    President of the French Republic
    The President of the French Republic colloquially referred to in English as the President of France, is France's elected Head of State....
    
     (1995–2007)
  • Prime Minister – Lionel Jospin
    Lionel Jospin
    Lionel Jospin is a French politician, who served as Prime Minister of France from 1997 to 2002.Jospin was the Socialist Party candidate for President of France in the elections of 1995 and 2002. He was narrowly defeated in the final runoff election by Jacques Chirac in 1995...
    
    , Prime Minister of France (1997–2002)
• Georgia
  Georgia (country)
  Georgia is a sovereign state in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the southwest by Turkey, to the south by Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. The capital of...
  
   –
  • President – Eduard Shevardnadze
    Eduard Shevardnadze
    Eduard Shevardnadze is a former Soviet, and later, Georgian statesman from the height to the end of the Cold War. He served as President of Georgia from 1995 to 2003, and as First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party , from 1972 to 1985. Shevardnadze was responsible for many top decisions on...
    
    , President of Georgia
    President of Georgia
    The President of Georgia is the head of state, supreme commander-in-chief and holder of the highest office within the Government of Georgia. Executive power is split between the President and the Prime Minister, who is the head of government...
    
     (1992–2003)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Niko Lekishvili, Minister of State of Georgia
       Prime Minister of Georgia
       The Prime Minister of Georgia is the most senior minister within the Cabinet of Georgia, appointed by the President of Georgia. The official title of the Head of the Government of Georgia has varied throughout history, however, the duties and functions of the leader have changed only marginally....
       
        (1995–1998)
    2. Vazha Lortkipanidze
       Vazha Lortkipanidze
       Vazha Lortkipanidze is a Georgian politician and statesman, former Prime Minister of Georgia and Ambassador of Georgia to Russia, member of the Parliament of Georgia.-Early years:Lortkipanidze was born on November 29, 1949 in Tbilisi, Georgia...
       
       , Minister of State of Georgia
       Prime Minister of Georgia
       The Prime Minister of Georgia is the most senior minister within the Cabinet of Georgia, appointed by the President of Georgia. The official title of the Head of the Government of Georgia has varied throughout history, however, the duties and functions of the leader have changed only marginally....
       
        (1998–2000)
  • Abkhazia
    Abkhazia
    Abkhazia is a disputed political entity on the eastern coast of the Black Sea and the south-western flank of the Caucasus.Abkhazia considers itself an independent state, called the Republic of Abkhazia or Apsny...
    
     (unrecognized secessionist state)
    • President – Vladislav Ardzinba
      Vladislav Ardzinba
      Vladislav Grigori-ipa Ardzinba was the first President of Abkhazia. A historian by education, Ardzinba led Abkhazia to de facto independence in the 1992-1993 War with Georgia, but its de jure independence from Georgia remained internationally unrecognised during Ardzinba's two terms as President...
      
      , President of Abkhazia (1990–2005)
    • Prime Minister – Sergei Bagapsh
      Sergei Bagapsh
      Sergei Uasyl-ipa Bagapsh was the second President of the Republic of Abkhazia. He was Prime Minister from 1997 to 1999 and was later elected as President in 2005. He was re-elected in the 2009 presidential election...
      
      , Prime Minister of Abkhazia (1997–1999)
  • South Ossetia
    South Ossetia
    South Ossetia or Tskhinvali Region is a disputed region and partly recognized state in the South Caucasus, located in the territory of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast within the former Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic....
    
     (unrecognized secessionist state)
    • President – Lyudvig Chibirov, President of South Ossetia
      President of South Ossetia
      The President of the Republic of South Ossetia is the de facto head of state of the partially recognized Republic of South Ossetia that is de jure part of Georgia...
      
       (1993–2001)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Aleksandr Shavlokhov
         Aleksandr Shavlokhov
         Aleksandr Apollonovich Shavlokhov is a South Ossetian politician and former Prime Minister, from 1996 until August 1998.Shavlokhov was educated as a mechanical engineer in Moscow. From 1965 until 1974, he worked at the "Elektrovibromashina" factory in Tskhinvali, where he was appointed director in...
         
         , Prime Minister of South Ossetia
         Prime Minister of South Ossetia
         The Prime Minister of South Ossetia is the head of government of the Republic of South Ossetia.-List of Prime Ministers of the Republic of South Ossetia :-Sources: * Osinform:...
         
          (1996–1998)
      2. Merab Chigoev
         Merab Chigoev
         Merab Ilyich Chigoev is a South Ossetian politician and former Prime Minister, from August 1998 until June 2001. He was also Minister of Justice in Yury Morozov's cabinet.Chigoev graduated from the Lomonosov Moscow State University in 1973....
         
         , Prime Minister of South Ossetia
         Prime Minister of South Ossetia
         The Prime Minister of South Ossetia is the head of government of the Republic of South Ossetia.-List of Prime Ministers of the Republic of South Ossetia :-Sources: * Osinform:...
         
          (1998–2001)
• Germany
  Germany
  Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
  
   –
  • President – Roman Herzog
    Roman Herzog
    Roman Herzog is a German politician as a member of the Christian Democratic Union, and served as President of Germany from 1994 to 1999...
    
    , Federal President of Germany
    President of Germany
    The President of the Federal Republic of Germany is the country's head of state. His official title in German is Bundespräsident . Germany has a parliamentary system of government and so the position of President is largely ceremonial...
    
     (1994–1999)
  • Chancellor –
    1. Helmut Kohl
       Helmut Kohl
       Helmut Josef Michael Kohl is a German conservative politician and statesman. He was Chancellor of Germany from 1982 to 1998 and the chairman of the Christian Democratic Union from 1973 to 1998...
       
       , Federal Chancellor of Germany (1982–1998)
    2. Gerhard Schröder
       Gerhard Schröder
       Gerhard Fritz Kurt Schröder is a German politician, and was Chancellor of Germany from 1998 to 2005. A member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany , he led a coalition government of the SPD and the Greens. Before becoming a full-time politician, he was a lawyer, and before becoming Chancellor...
       
       , Federal Chancellor of Germany (1998–2005)
• Greece
  Greece
  Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe....
  
   –
  • President- Konstantinos Stephanopoulos, President of Greece (1995–2005)
  • Prime Minister – Costas Simitis
    Costas Simitis
    Konstantinos Simitis , usually referred to as Costas Simitis or Kostas Simitis, was Prime Minister of Greece and leader of the Panhellenic Socialist Movement from 1996 to 2004.- Biography :...
    
    , Prime Minister of Greece (1996–2004)
• Hungary
  Hungary
  Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
  
   –
  • President – Árpád Göncz
    Árpád Göncz
    Árpád Göncz is a Hungarian liberal politician and former President of Hungary . Göncz played a role in the Hungarian Revolution of 1956...
    
    , President of Hungary
    Heads of state of Hungary
    -Hungarian Revolution of 1848:Parties-Hungarian Democratic Republic :Parties-Hungarian Soviet Republic :Parties-Romanian Occupation :Parties-Kingdom of Hungary :...
    
     (1990–2000)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Gyula Horn
       Gyula Horn
       Gyula Horn is a Hungarian politician and the third Prime Minister of the Republic of Hungary, from 1994–1998....
       
       , Prime Minister of Hungary (1994–1998)
    2. Viktor Orbán
       Viktor Orbán
       Viktor Orbán is a Hungarian populist and conservative politician and current Prime Minister of Hungary...
       
       , Prime Minister of Hungary (1998–2002)
• Iceland
  Iceland
  Iceland , described as the Republic of Iceland, is a Nordic and European island country in the North Atlantic Ocean, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Iceland also refers to the main island of the country, which contains almost all the population and almost all the land area. The country has a population...
  
   –
  • President – Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson
    Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson
    Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson is the fifth and current President of Iceland. He has served as President since 1996; he was unopposed in 2000, re-elected for a third term in 2004, and re-elected unopposed for a fourth term in 2008. He is the longest-serving left-wing president in the history of...
    
    , President of Iceland
    President of Iceland
    The President of Iceland is Iceland's elected head of state. The president is elected to a four-year term by universal adult suffrage and has limited powers. The president is not the head of government; the Prime Minister of Iceland is the head of government. There have been five presidents since...
    
     (1996–present)
  • Prime Minister – Davíð Oddsson
    Davíð Oddsson
    Davíð Oddsson is an Icelandic politician and the longest-serving Prime Minister of Iceland, holding office from 1991 to 2004. He also served as Foreign Minister from 2004 to 2005. Previously, he was Mayor of Reykjavík from 1982 to 1991, and he chaired the board of governors of the Central Bank of...
    
    , Prime Minister of Iceland
    Prime Minister of Iceland
    The Prime Minister of Iceland is Iceland's head of government. The prime minister is appointed formally by the President and exercises executive authority along with the cabinet subject to parliamentary support....
    
     (1991–2004)
• Ireland
  Republic of Ireland
  Ireland , described as the Republic of Ireland , is a sovereign state in Europe occupying approximately five-sixths of the island of the same name. Its capital is Dublin. Ireland, which had a population of 4.58 million in 2011, is a constitutional republic governed as a parliamentary democracy,...
  
   –
  • President – Mary McAleese
    Mary McAleese
    Mary Patricia McAleese served as the eighth President of Ireland from 1997 to 2011. She was the second female president and was first elected in 1997 succeeding Mary Robinson, making McAleese the world's first woman to succeed another as president. She was re-elected unopposed for a second term in...
    
    , President of Ireland
    President of Ireland
    The President of Ireland is the head of state of Ireland. The President is usually directly elected by the people for seven years, and can be elected for a maximum of two terms. The presidency is largely a ceremonial office, but the President does exercise certain limited powers with absolute...
    
     (1997–2011)
  • Prime Minister – Bertie Ahern
    Bertie Ahern
    Patrick Bartholomew "Bertie" Ahern is a former Irish politician who served as Taoiseach of Ireland from 26 June 1997 to 7 May 2008....
    
    , Taoiseach of Ireland
    Taoiseach
    The Taoiseach is the head of government or prime minister of Ireland. The Taoiseach is appointed by the President upon the nomination of Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Oireachtas , and must, in order to remain in office, retain the support of a majority in the Dáil.The current Taoiseach is...
    
     (1997–2008)
• Italy
  Italy
  Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
  
   –
  • President – Oscar Luigi Scalfaro
    Oscar Luigi Scalfaro
    Oscar Luigi Scalfaro , Italian politician and magistrate, was the ninth President of the Italian Republic from 1992 to 1999, and is currently a senator for life...
    
    , President of Italy (1992–1999)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Romano Prodi
       Romano Prodi
       Romano Prodi is an Italian politician and statesman. He served as the Prime Minister of Italy, from 17 May 1996 to 21 October 1998 and from 17 May 2006 to 8 May 2008...
       
       , President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1996–1998)
    2. Massimo D'Alema
       Massimo D'Alema
       Massimo D'Alema is an Italian politician. He is also a journalist and a former national secretary of the Democratic Party of the Left...
       
       , President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1998–2000)
• Latvia
  Latvia
  Latvia , officially the Republic of Latvia , is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Estonia , to the south by Lithuania , to the east by the Russian Federation , to the southeast by Belarus and shares maritime borders to the west with Sweden...
  
   –
  • President – Guntis Ulmanis
    Guntis Ulmanis
    Guntis Ulmanis is a Latvian politician and was the fifth President of Latvia from 1993 to 1999.-Early life:Guntis Ulmanis was born in Riga on September 13, 1939. His grandfather was the brother of then-President and Prime Minister Kārlis Ulmanis. In 1941 Guntis Ulmanis and his family were exiled...
    
    , President of Latvia (1993–1999)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Guntars Krasts
       Guntars Krasts
       Guntars Krasts is a Latvian politician, former Prime Minister, and former Member of the European Parliament for the single Latvia constituency. Born in Riga, he was the Minister of Economy of Latvia from December 1995 to August 1997, Prime Minister of Latvia from August 1997 to November 1998, and...
       
       , Prime Minister of Latvia
       Prime Minister of Latvia
       The Prime Minister of Latvia is the most powerful member of the Government of the Republic of Latvia, and presides over the Latvian Cabinet of Ministers...
       
        (1997–1998)
    2. Vilis Krištopans
       Vilis Krištopans
       Vilis Krištopans is a Latvian politician. He served as Prime Minister of Latvia from November 26, 1998 to July 15, 1999.As a prime minister he was a member of the Latvian Way political party...
       
       , Prime Minister of Latvia
       Prime Minister of Latvia
       The Prime Minister of Latvia is the most powerful member of the Government of the Republic of Latvia, and presides over the Latvian Cabinet of Ministers...
       
        (1998–1999)
• Liechtenstein
  Liechtenstein
  The Principality of Liechtenstein is a doubly landlocked alpine country in Central Europe, bordered by Switzerland to the west and south and by Austria to the east. Its area is just over , and it has an estimated population of 35,000. Its capital is Vaduz. The biggest town is Schaan...
  
   –
  • Monarch – Hans-Adam II
    Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein
    Hans-Adam II , is the reigning Prince of Liechtenstein. He is the son of Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein and his wife Countess Georgina von Wilczek . He also bears the titles Duke of Troppau and Jägerndorf, Count of Rietberg...
    
    , Prince of Liechtenstein (1989–present)
  • Prime Minister – Mario Frick, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1993–2001)
• Lithuania
  Lithuania
  Lithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the biggest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark...
  
   –
  • President –
    1. Algirdas Brazauskas
       Algirdas Brazauskas
       Algirdas Mykolas Brazauskas was the first President of a newly independent post-Soviet Union Lithuania from 1993 to 1998 and Prime Minister from 2001 to 2006....
       
       , President of Lithuania (1992–1998)
    2. Valdas Adamkus
       Valdas Adamkus
       Valdas Adamkus was President of Lithuania from 1998 to 2003 and again from 2004 to 2009.In Lithuania, the President's tenure lasts for five years; Adamkus' first term in office began on February 26, 1998 and ended on February 28, 2003, following his defeat by Rolandas Paksas in the next...
       
       , President of Lithuania (1998–2003)
  • Prime Minister – Gediminas Vagnorius
    Gediminas Vagnorius
    Gediminas Vagnorius is a Lithuanian politician and signatory of the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania. He served as the Prime Minister of Lithuania between 1991 and 1992, and again from 1996 until 1999....
    
    , Prime Minister of Lithuania
    Prime Minister of Lithuania
    The Prime Minister of Lithuania is the head of the executive arm of Lithuania's government, and is chosen by the Lithuanian parliament, the Seimas. The modern office of Prime Minister was established in 1990, although the official title was "Chairperson of the Council of Ministers" until 25...
    
     (1996–1999)
• Luxembourg
  Luxembourg
  Luxembourg , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. It has two principal regions: the Oesling in the North as part of the Ardennes massif, and the Gutland in the south...
  
   –
  • Monarch – Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
    Grand Duke of Luxembourg
    The Grand Duke of Luxembourg is the sovereign monarch and head of state of Luxembourg. Luxembourg has been a grand duchy since 15 March 1815, when it was elevated from a duchy when placed in personal union with the United Kingdom of the Netherlands...
    
     (1964–2000)
  • Regent – Henri
    Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
    Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg OIH is the head of state of Luxembourg. He is the eldest son of Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg and Princess Joséphine-Charlotte of Belgium. His maternal grandparents were King Leopold III of Belgium and Astrid of Sweden...
    
    , Lieutenant Representative of Luxembourg (1998–2000)
  • Prime Minister – Jean-Claude Juncker
    Jean-Claude Juncker
    Jean-Claude Juncker is a Luxembourg politician, 23rd and current Prime Minister of Luxembourg, since 20 January 1995. He is the longest standing head of government of any European Union state...
    
    , Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1995–present)
• Macedonia
  Republic of Macedonia
  Macedonia , officially the Republic of Macedonia , is a country located in the central Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. It is one of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, from which it declared independence in 1991...
  
   –
  • President – Kiro Gligorov
    Kiro Gligorov
    Kiro Gligorov , born May 3, 1917) was the first democratically elected President of the Republic of Macedonia. His son Vladimir Gligorov is the refounder of the Serbian Democratic Party.- Biography :...
    
    , President of Macedonia
    President of the Republic of Macedonia
    The President of the Republic of Macedonia is the head of state of the Republic of Macedonia. The institution of the Presidency of the modern Republic of Macedonia began after the Macedonian declaration of independence on 8 September 1991. Its first president was Kiro Gligorov, the oldest president...
    
     (1995–1999)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Branko Crvenkovski
       Branko Crvenkovski
       Branko Crvenkovski leads the Republic of Macedonia's largest opposition party, the Social Democratic Union of Macedonia. He was Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia from 1992 to 1998 and again from 2002 to 2004, then President of the Republic of Macedonia from 2004 to 2009.Crvenkovski was...
       
       , Prime Minister of Macedonia
       Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia
       The Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia is the head of government of the Republic of Macedonia. He or she is the leader of a political coalition in the Macedonian parliament and the leader of the cabinet...
       
        (1992–1998)
    2. Ljubčo Georgievski, Prime Minister of Macedonia
       Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia
       The Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia is the head of government of the Republic of Macedonia. He or she is the leader of a political coalition in the Macedonian parliament and the leader of the cabinet...
       
        (1998–2002)
• Malta
  Malta
  Malta , officially known as the Republic of Malta , is a Southern European country consisting of an archipelago situated in the centre of the Mediterranean, south of Sicily, east of Tunisia and north of Libya, with Gibraltar to the west and Alexandria to the east.Malta covers just over in...
  
   –
  • President – Ugo Mifsud Bonnici
    Ugo Mifsud Bonnici
    Dr Ugo Mifsud Bonnici was the fifth President of Malta from 1994 to 1999.-Early life, education, and family:He was born in Cospicua as the son of Professor Carmelo Mifsud Bonnici LL.D and Maria Ross. He was educated at the Lyceum and the Royal University of Malta. He graduated as a Bachelor of...
    
    , President of Malta
    President of Malta
    The President of Malta is the constitutional head of state of Malta.The President is appointed by a resolution of the House of Representatives of Malta for a five year term, taking an oath to "preserve, protect and defend" the Constitution....
    
     (1994–1999)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Alfred Sant
       Alfred Sant
       Alfred Sant is a Maltese politician. He led the Labour Party from 1992 to 2008 and served as Prime Minister of Malta between 1996 and 1998 and as Leader of the Opposition from 1992 to 1996 and from 1998 to 2008....
       
       , Prime Minister of Malta
       Prime Minister of Malta
       The Prime Minister of Malta is the Head of Government of Malta.-Establishment of the office and developments:The office of "Head of Ministry" was created as soon as Malta was granted autonomous government in 1921. The 1921 constitution was suspended twice before being revoked...
       
        (1996–1998)
    2. Eddie Fenech Adami
       Eddie Fenech Adami
       Edward “Eddie” Fenech Adami is a Maltese politician who was Prime Minister of Malta from 1987 until 1996 and again from 1998 until 2004...
       
       , Prime Minister of Malta
       Prime Minister of Malta
       The Prime Minister of Malta is the Head of Government of Malta.-Establishment of the office and developments:The office of "Head of Ministry" was created as soon as Malta was granted autonomous government in 1921. The 1921 constitution was suspended twice before being revoked...
       
        (1998–2004)
• Moldova
  Moldova
  Moldova , officially the Republic of Moldova is a landlocked state in Eastern Europe, located between Romania to the West and Ukraine to the North, East and South. It declared itself an independent state with the same boundaries as the preceding Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1991, as part...
  
   –
  • President – Petru Lucinschi
    Petru Lucinschi
    Petru Chiril Lucinschi was Moldova's second President .- Biography :Petru Chiril Lucinschi was born on January 27, 1940 in Rădulenii Vechi village, Soroca County, Romania...
    
    , President of Moldova
    President of Moldova
    The President of the Republic of Moldova is the head of state of Moldova.-Description of the post:According to the Article 77 of the Constitution of Moldova , the President of Moldova is the head of the State and represents the State and is the guarantor of national sovereignty, independence, of...
    
     (1996–2001)
  • Prime Minister – Ion Ciubuc
    Ion Ciubuc
    Ion Ciubuc is a Moldovan politician who was Prime Minister of Moldova from January 1997 to February 1999.-References:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Moldova (1997–1999)
  • Transnistria
    Transnistria
    Transnistria is a breakaway territory located mostly on a strip of land between the Dniester River and the eastern Moldovan border to Ukraine...
    
     (unrecognized secessionist state)
    • President – Igor Smirnov
      Igor Smirnov
      Igor Nikolaevich Smirnov , is the President of the internationally unrecognized Pridnestrovian Moldovan Republic, also known as Transnistria. He has held this post since 1990.- Childhood :...
      
      , President of Transnistria
      President of Transnistria
      The President of Transnistria is the highest elected official of Transnistria, a small unrecognized country which declared independence from Moldova in 1990. The president of the republic is the country's head of state and is commander in chief...
      
       (1991–present)
• Monaco
  Monaco
  Monaco , officially the Principality of Monaco , is a sovereign city state on the French Riviera. It is bordered on three sides by its neighbour, France, and its centre is about from Italy. Its area is with a population of 35,986 as of 2011 and is the most densely populated country in the...
  
   –
  • Monarch – Rainier III
    Rainier III, Prince of Monaco
    Rainier III, Prince of Monaco , styled His Serene Highness The Sovereign Prince of Monaco, ruled the Principality of Monaco for almost 56 years, making him one of the longest ruling monarchs of the 20th century.Though he was best known outside of Europe for having married American...
    
    , Prince of Monaco
    Prince of Monaco
    The Reigning Prince or Princess of Monaco is the sovereign monarch and head of state of the Principality of Monaco. All Princes or Princesses thus far have taken the name of the House of Grimaldi, but have belonged to various other houses in male line...
    
     (1949–2005)
  • Head of Government – Michel Lévêque
    Michel Lévêque
    Michel Lévêque is a former minister of state for Monaco. He was in office from 1997 until 2000. He was born in 1933.-References:...
    
    , Minister of State of Monaco
    Minister of State (Monaco)
    The Minister of State is the head of the government of Monaco, though he is appointed by and subordinate to the Prince or Princess of Monaco. During his term, he is responsible for leading the government's action and is in charge of foreign relations...
    
     (1997–2000)
• Kingdom of the Netherlands
  Kingdom of the Netherlands
  The Kingdom of the Netherlands is a sovereign state and constitutional monarchy with territory in Western Europe and in the Caribbean. The four parts of the Kingdom—Aruba, Curaçao, the Netherlands, and Sint Maarten—are referred to as "countries", and participate on a basis of equality...
  
  
  • Monarch – Beatrix
    Beatrix of the Netherlands
    Beatrix is the Queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands comprising the Netherlands, Curaçao, Sint Maarten, and Aruba. She is the first daughter of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands and Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld. She studied law at Leiden University...
    
    , Queen of the Netherlands (1980–present)
  • Netherlands
    Netherlands
    The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
    
     (constituent country)
    • Prime Minister – Wim Kok
      Wim Kok
      Willem "Wim" Kok ; born September 29, 1938) is a retired Dutch politician of the Labour Party . He served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from August 22, 1994 until July 22, 2002....
      
      , Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1994–2002)
  • Netherlands Antilles
    Netherlands Antilles
    The Netherlands Antilles , also referred to informally as the Dutch Antilles, was an autonomous Caribbean country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, consisting of two groups of islands in the Lesser Antilles: Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao , in Leeward Antilles just off the Venezuelan coast; and Sint...
    
     (constituent country)
    • see under North America
  • Aruba
    Aruba
    Aruba is a 33 km-long island of the Lesser Antilles in the southern Caribbean Sea, located 27 km north of the coast of Venezuela and 130 km east of Guajira Peninsula...
    
     (constituent country)
    • see under North America
• Norway
  Norway
  Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...
  
   –
  • Monarch – Harald V
    Harald V of Norway
    Harald V is the king of Norway. He succeeded to the throne of Norway upon the death of his father Olav V on 17 January 1991...
    
    , King of Norway (1991–present)
  • Prime Minister – Kjell Magne Bondevik
    Kjell Magne Bondevik
    Kjell Magne Bondevik is a Norwegian Lutheran minister and politician . He served as Prime Minister of Norway from 1997 to 2000, and from 2001 to 2005, making him Norway's longest serving non-Labour Party Prime Minister since World War II...
    
    , Prime Minister of Norway
    Heads of government of Norway
    This is a list of heads of government of Norway, who held, inter alia, offices and titles such as steward , viceroy , first minister and prime minister ....
    
     (1997–2000)
• Poland
  Poland
  Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
  
   –
  • President – Aleksander Kwaśniewski
    Aleksander Kwasniewski
    Aleksander Kwaśniewski is a Polish politician who served as the President of Poland from 1995 to 2005. He was born in Białogard, and during communist rule he was active in the Socialist Union of Polish Students and was the Minister for Sport in the communist government in the 1980s...
    
    , President of Poland (1995–2005)
  • Prime Minister – Jerzy Buzek
    Jerzy Buzek
    Jerzy Karol Buzek is a Polish engineer, academic lecturer and politician who was the ninth post-Cold War Prime Minister of Poland from 1997 to 2001...
    
    , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland
    Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland
    The Prime Minister of Poland heads the Polish Council of Ministers and directs their work, supervises territorial self-government within the guidelines and in ways described in the Constitution and other legislation, and acts as the superior for all government administration workers...
    
     (1997–2001)
• Portugal
  Portugal
  Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
  
   –
  • President – Jorge Sampaio, President of Portugal (1996–2006)
  • Prime Minister – António Guterres
    António Guterres
    António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres, GCC is a Portuguese politician, a former prime minister and President of the Socialist International. Currently he is the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.-Early life:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Portugal (1995–2002)
• Romania
  Romania
  Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
  
   –
  • President – Emil Constantinescu
    Emil Constantinescu
    Emil Constantinescu was President of Romania from 1996 to 2000.He graduated from the law school of the University of Bucharest, and subsequently started a career as a geologist...
    
    , President of Romania (1996–2000)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Victor Ciorbea
       Victor Ciorbea
       Victor Ciorbea is a Romanian politician. He was the Mayor of Bucharest in 1996-1997 and, after his resignation from office, Prime Minister of Romania from 12 December 1996 to 30 March 1998.-Biography:...
       
       , Prime Minister of Romania (1996–1998)
    2. Gavril Dejeu
       Gavril Dejeu
       Gavril Dejeu is a Romanian politician who served as Minister of Interior in Victor Ciorbea's cabinet. He was also ad interim Prime Minister of Romania from 30 March to 17 April 1998....
       
       , Interim Prime Minister of Romania (1998)
    3. Radu Vasile
       Radu Vasile
       Radu Vasile is a Romanian politician, historian and poet.-Education and Professional Activity:*1967 - Graduate, with exceptional results, of the Faculty of History - University of Bucharest...
       
       , Prime Minister of Romania (1998–1999)
• Russia
  Russia
  Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
  
   –
  • President – Boris Yeltsin
    Boris Yeltsin
    Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin was the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999.Originally a supporter of Mikhail Gorbachev, Yeltsin emerged under the perestroika reforms as one of Gorbachev's most powerful political opponents. On 29 May 1990 he was elected the chairman of...
    
    , President of Russia (1990–1999)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Viktor Chernomyrdin
       Viktor Chernomyrdin
       Viktor Stepanovich Chernomyrdin was the founder and the first chairman of the Gazprom energy company, the longest serving Prime Minister of Russia and Acting President of Russia for a day in 1996. He was a key figure in Russian politics in the 1990s, and a great contributor to the Russian...
       
       , Chairman of the Government of Russia
       Prime Minister of Russia
       The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation The use of the term "Prime Minister" is strictly informal and is not allowed for by the Russian Constitution and other laws....
       
        (1992–1998)
    2. Sergei Kiriyenko
       Sergei Kiriyenko
       Sergey Vladilenovich Kiriyenko is a Russian politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Russia from 23 March to 23 August 1998 under President Boris Yeltsin...
       
       , Chairman of the Government of Russia
       Prime Minister of Russia
       The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation The use of the term "Prime Minister" is strictly informal and is not allowed for by the Russian Constitution and other laws....
       
        (1998)
    3. Viktor Chernomyrdin
       Viktor Chernomyrdin
       Viktor Stepanovich Chernomyrdin was the founder and the first chairman of the Gazprom energy company, the longest serving Prime Minister of Russia and Acting President of Russia for a day in 1996. He was a key figure in Russian politics in the 1990s, and a great contributor to the Russian...
       
       , Acting Chairman of the Government of Russia
       Prime Minister of Russia
       The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation The use of the term "Prime Minister" is strictly informal and is not allowed for by the Russian Constitution and other laws....
       
        (1998)
    4. Yevgeny Primakov
       Yevgeny Primakov
       Yevgeny Maksimovich Primakov is a Russian politician and diplomat. During his long career, he served as the Russian Foreign Minister, Prime Minister of Russia, Speaker of the Soviet of the Union of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, and chief of intelligence service...
       
       , Chairman of the Government of Russia
       Prime Minister of Russia
       The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation The use of the term "Prime Minister" is strictly informal and is not allowed for by the Russian Constitution and other laws....
       
        (1998–1999)
  • Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
    Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
    The Chechen Republic of Ichkeria is the unrecognized secessionist government of Chechnya. The republic was proclaimed in late 1991 by Dzokhar Dudayev, and fought two devastating wars between separatists and the Russian Federation which denounced secession...
    
     (unrecognized secessionist state)
    • President – Aslan Maskhadov
      Aslan Maskhadov
      Aslan Aliyevich Maskhadov was a leader of the Chechen separatist movement and the third President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.He was credited by many with the Chechen victory in the First Chechen War, which allowed for the...
      
      , President of Ichkeria
      President of Ichkeria
      This is a list of Presidents of the unrecognised Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, a pro-independence movement that controlled most of Chechnya from 1991 to 1999...
      
       (1997–2005)
    • Prime Minister – Shamil Basayev
      Shamil Basayev
      Shamil Salmanovich Basayev was a Chechen militant Islamist and a leader of the Chechen rebel movement.Starting as a field commander in the Transcaucasus, Basayev led guerrilla campaigns against the Russian troops for years, as well as launching mass-hostage takings of civilians, with his goal...
      
      , Prime Minister of Ichkeria (1998)
• San Marino
  San Marino
  San Marino, officially the Republic of San Marino , is a state situated on the Italian Peninsula on the eastern side of the Apennine Mountains. It is an enclave surrounded by Italy. Its size is just over with an estimated population of over 30,000. Its capital is the City of San Marino...
  
  
  • Captains-Regent –
    1. Luigi Mazza and Marino Zanotti, Captains Regent of San Marino (October 1997 – April 1998)
    2. Alberto Cecchetti and Loris Francini
       Loris Francini
       Loris Francini is a San Marinese politician.Francini was Captain Regent with Alberto Cecchetti from April 1998 to October 1998. He served as captain-regent for a second term with Gianfranco Terenzi from April 1, 2006 to October 1, 2006. He is a member of the San Marinese Christian Democratic...
       
       , Captains Regent of San Marino (April – October 1998)
    3. Pietro Berti and Paolo Bollini
       Paolo Bollini
       Paolo Bollini is a politician in San Marino. He is a member of the San Marinese Socialist Party.He has been a captain-regent twice, from October 1998 until April 1999 and from April 2004 until October 2004.-References:...
       
       , Captains Regent of San Marino (October 1998 – April 1999)
• Slovakia
  Slovakia
  The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...
  
   –
  • President –
    1. Michal Kováč
       Michal Kovác
       Michal Kováč was a Slovak politician in the early 1990s and the first President of Slovakia after the creation of that state from 1993 to 1998....
       
       , President of Slovakia (1993–1998)
    2. Vladimír Mečiar
       Vladimír Meciar
       Vladimír Mečiar is a Slovak politician who was Prime Minister of Slovakia from 1990 to 1991, from 1992 to 1994, and from 1994 to 1998. He is the leader of the People's Party - Movement for a Democratic Slovakia...
       
        and Ivan Gašparovič
       Ivan Gašparovic
       Ivan Gašparovič is a Slovak politician and law professor who has been the President of Slovakia since 15 June 2004. He is also the first Slovak president to be re-elected.-Biography:...
       
       , Acting Presidents of Slovakia (1998)
    3. Mikuláš Dzurinda
       Mikuláš Dzurinda
       Mikuláš Dzurinda is a Slovak politician who was Prime Minister of Slovakia from 30 October 1998 to 4 July 2006. He was a founder and leader of the Slovak Democratic Coalition and the Slovak Democratic and Christian Union...
       
        and Jozef Migaš
       Jozef Migaš
       Jozef Migaš is a Slovak politician who was Speaker of National Council of the Slovak Republic from 1998 to 2002, during the government of Mikuláš Dzurinda. He is now in political retirement.-References:...
       
       , Acting Presidents of Slovakia (1998–1999)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Vladimír Mečiar
       Vladimír Meciar
       Vladimír Mečiar is a Slovak politician who was Prime Minister of Slovakia from 1990 to 1991, from 1992 to 1994, and from 1994 to 1998. He is the leader of the People's Party - Movement for a Democratic Slovakia...
       
       , Prime Minister of Slovakia (1994–1998)
    2. Mikuláš Dzurinda
       Mikuláš Dzurinda
       Mikuláš Dzurinda is a Slovak politician who was Prime Minister of Slovakia from 30 October 1998 to 4 July 2006. He was a founder and leader of the Slovak Democratic Coalition and the Slovak Democratic and Christian Union...
       
       , Prime Minister of Slovakia (1998–2006)
• Slovenia
  Slovenia
  Slovenia , officially the Republic of Slovenia , is a country in Central and Southeastern Europe touching the Alps and bordering the Mediterranean. Slovenia borders Italy to the west, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north, and also has a small portion of...
  
   –
  • President – Milan Kučan
    Milan Kucan
    Milan Kučan is a Slovenian politician and statesman. He was the first President of Slovenia.-Early life and political beginnings:...
    
    , President of Slovenia
    President of Slovenia
    The function of President of the Republic of Slovenia was established on 23 December 1991, when the National Assembly of Slovenia passed a new constitution as a result of independence from Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia....
    
     (1990–2002)
  • Prime Minister – Janez Drnovšek
    Janez Drnovšek
    Janez Drnovšek was a Slovenian liberal politician, President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia , Prime Minister of Slovenia and President of Slovenia . He was born in Celje, Slovenia, then the Socialist Republic of Slovenia...
    
    , Prime Minister of Slovenia
    Prime Minister of Slovenia
    There have been six Prime Ministers of Slovenia since that country gained its independence in the breakup of Yugoslavia. Unlike the President of Slovenia, who is directly elected, the Prime Minister is appointed by the National Assembly, and must control a majority there in order to...
    
     (1992–2000)
• Spain
  Spain
  Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
  
   –
  • Monarch – Juan Carlos I
    Juan Carlos I of Spain
    Juan Carlos I |Italy]]) is the reigning King of Spain.On 22 November 1975, two days after the death of General Francisco Franco, Juan Carlos was designated king according to the law of succession promulgated by Franco. Spain had no monarch for 38 years in 1969 when Franco named Juan Carlos as the...
    
    , King of Spain (1975–present)
  • Prime Minister – José María Aznar
    José María Aznar
    José María Alfredo Aznar López served as the Prime Minister of Spain from 1996 to 2004. He is on the board of directors of News Corporation.-Early life:...
    
    , President of the Government of Spain
    Prime Minister of Spain
    The President of the Government of Spain , sometimes known in English as the Prime Minister of Spain, is the head of Government of Spain. The current office is established under the Constitution of 1978...
    
     (1996–2004)
• Sweden
  Sweden
  Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
  
   –
  • Monarch – Carl XVI Gustaf
    Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden
    Carl XVI Gustaf is the reigning King of Sweden since 15 September 1973, succeeding his grandfather King Gustaf VI Adolf because his father had predeceased him...
    
    , King of Sweden (1973–present)
  • Prime Minister – Göran Persson
    Göran Persson
    Hans Göran Persson was the Prime Minister of Sweden from 1996 to 2006 and the leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party from 1996 to 2007. Conceding defeat in the September 2006 general election, he announced that he would resign as party leader, and Mona Sahlin was elected to succeed him as...
    
    , Prime Minister of Sweden
    Prime Minister of Sweden
    The Prime Minister is the head of government in the Kingdom of Sweden. Before the creation of the office of a Prime Minister in 1876, Sweden did not have a head of government separate from its head of state, namely the King, in whom the executive authority was vested...
    
     (1996–2006)
• Switzerland
  Switzerland
  Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
  
   –
  • Swiss Federal Council
    Swiss Federal Council
    The Federal Council is the seven-member executive council which constitutes the federal government of Switzerland and serves as the Swiss collective head of state....
    
    :

    Jean-Pascal Delamuraz

    Jean-Pascal Delamuraz

    Jean-Pascal Delamuraz was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council ....

    
     (1983–1998), Arnold Koller

    Arnold Koller

    Arnold Koller is a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council .He was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on December 10, 1986 as a member of the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland from the canton of Appenzell Inner Rhodes...

    
     (1986–1999), Flavio Cotti

    Flavio Cotti

    Flavio Cotti born in Prato-Sornico on 18 October 1939) is a Swiss politician.He was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 10 December 1986 and handed over office on 30 April 1999...

    
     (1986–1999, President), Adolf Ogi

    Adolf Ogi

    Adolf Ogi is a Swiss politician from the village of Kandersteg in the Swiss Alps.He was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 9 December 1987, as member of the Swiss People's Party from the Canton of Berne...

    
     (1987–2000), Kaspar Villiger

    Kaspar Villiger

    Kaspar Villiger is a Swiss businessman, politician and former member of the Swiss Federal Council . He currently heads Swiss bank UBS.-Political career:On February 1, 1989, he was elected to the Swiss Federal Council...

    
     (1989–2003), Ruth Dreifuss

    Ruth Dreifuss

    Ruth Dreifuss is a Swiss politician affiliated with the Social Democratic Party. She was a member of the Swiss Federal Council from 1993 to 2002, representing the Canton of Geneva)....

    
     (1993–2002), Moritz Leuenberger

    Moritz Leuenberger

    Moritz Leuenberger is a Swiss politician, lawyer, was a member of the Swiss Federal Council from 1995 to 2010 and President of the Confederation in 2001 and in 2006....

    
     (1995–2010), Pascal Couchepin

    Pascal Couchepin

    Pascal Couchepin is a Swiss politician, former member of the Swiss Federal Council and President of the Confederation in 2003 and 2008...

    
     (1998–2009)

• Ukraine
  Ukraine
  Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
  
   –
  • President – Leonid Kuchma
    Leonid Kuchma
    Leonid Danylovych Kuchma was the second President of independent Ukraine from 19 July 1994, to 23 January 2005. Kuchma took office after winning the 1994 presidential election against his rival, incumbent Leonid Kravchuk...
    
    , President of Ukraine
    President of Ukraine
    Prior to the formation of the modern Ukrainian presidency, the previous Ukrainian head of state office was officially established in exile by Andriy Livytskyi. At first the de facto leader of nation was the president of the Central Rada at early years of the Ukrainian People's Republic, while the...
    
     (1994–2005)
  • Prime Minister – Valeriy Pustovoitenko
    Valeriy Pustovoitenko
    Valery Pustovoitenko was confirmed as prime minister of Ukraine on 16 July 1997. Pustovoitenko was Ukraine's eighth prime minister. He resigned in connection with Leonid Kuchma's re-election for a new term. He is a former leader of the People's Democratic Party of Ukraine.-References:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Ukraine
    Prime Minister of Ukraine
    The Prime Minister of Ukraine is Ukraine's head of government presiding over the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, which is the highest body of the executive branch of the Ukrainian government....
    
     (1997–1999)
• United Kingdom
  United Kingdom
  The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
  
   –
  • Monarch – Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of the United Kingdom
    British monarchy
    The monarchy of the United Kingdom is the constitutional monarchy of the United Kingdom and its overseas territories. The present monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, has reigned since 6 February 1952. She and her immediate family undertake various official, ceremonial and representational duties...
    
     (1952–present)
  • Prime Minister – Tony Blair
    Tony Blair
    Anthony Charles Lynton Blair is a former British Labour Party politician who served as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2 May 1997 to 27 June 2007. He was the Member of Parliament for Sedgefield from 1983 to 2007 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1994 to 2007...
    
    , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1997–2007)
  • Guernsey
    Guernsey
    Guernsey, officially the Bailiwick of Guernsey is a British Crown dependency in the English Channel off the coast of Normandy.The Bailiwick, as a governing entity, embraces not only all 10 parishes on the Island of Guernsey, but also the islands of Herm, Jethou, Burhou, and Lihou and their islet...
    
     (British Crown dependency
    Crown dependency
    The Crown Dependencies are British possessions of the Crown, as opposed to overseas territories of the United Kingdom. They comprise the Channel Island Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel, and the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea....
    
    )
    • Lieutenant-Governor – Sir John Coward
      John Coward (Royal Navy officer)
      Vice Admiral Sir John Francis Coward KCB DSO is a former Royal Navy officer who became Commandant of the Royal College of Defence Studies.-Naval career:...
      
      , Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (1994–2000)
    • Bailiff – Sir Graham Dorey
      Sir Graham Dorey
      Sir Graham Martyn Dorey, born in Guernsey 15 Dec 1932, was the Bailiff of Guernsey from February 1992 to March 1999. The second son of a local grower, Martyn Dorey, he was evacuated to Scotland during world war II...
      
      , Bailiff of Guernsey (1992–1999)
  • Jersey
    Jersey
    Jersey, officially the Bailiwick of Jersey is a British Crown Dependency off the coast of Normandy, France. As well as the island of Jersey itself, the bailiwick includes two groups of small islands that are no longer permanently inhabited, the Minquiers and Écréhous, and the Pierres de Lecq and...
    
     (British Crown dependency
    Crown dependency
    The Crown Dependencies are British possessions of the Crown, as opposed to overseas territories of the United Kingdom. They comprise the Channel Island Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel, and the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea....
    
    )
    • Lieutenant-Governor – Sir Michael Wilkes
      Michael Wilkes
      General Sir Michael John Wilkes KCB CBE KStJ is a former Adjutant-General to the Forces in the United Kingdom.-Military career:Educated at the King's School, Rochester, Michael Wilkes was commissioned in to the Royal Artillery in 1961. He served as Commanding Officer of 22 SAS and was appointed...
      
      , Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey (1995–2001)
    • Bailiff – Sir Philip Bailhache
      Philip Bailhache
      Sir Philip Martin Bailhache KBE is a Jersey politician and lawyer. He was elected as a Senator in the States of Jersey in October 2011. He previously held elected office as Deputy of Grouville 1972-1975...
      
      , Bailiff of Jersey (1995–2009)
  • Isle of Man
    Isle of Man
    The Isle of Man , otherwise known simply as Mann , is a self-governing British Crown Dependency, located in the Irish Sea between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland, within the British Isles. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who holds the title of Lord of Mann. The Lord of Mann is...
    
     (British Crown dependency
    Crown dependency
    The Crown Dependencies are British possessions of the Crown, as opposed to overseas territories of the United Kingdom. They comprise the Channel Island Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel, and the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea....
    
    )
    • Lieutenant-Governor – Sir Timothy Daunt
      Timothy Daunt
      Sir Timothy Lewis Achilles Daunt KCMG is a retired diplomat and former Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man.-Career:...
      
      , Lieutenant-Governor of Man (1995–2000)
    • Chief minister – Donald Gelling
      Donald Gelling
      Donald James Gelling CBE CP, CInstSMM is a Manx former politician, who is a former Chief Minister of the Isle of Man who served two terms as Head of the Government.-Early life and career:...
      
      , Chief Minister of the Isle of Man
      Chief Minister of the Isle of Man
      The Chief Minister is the executive head of the Isle of Man Government.The office derives from that of Chairman of the Executive Council. Before 1980 the Executive Council was chaired by the Lieutenant Governor, but thereafter the chairman was elected by Tynwald, the parliament of the Isle of Man...
      
       (1996–2001)
  • Gibraltar
    Gibraltar
    Gibraltar is a British overseas territory located on the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula at the entrance of the Mediterranean. A peninsula with an area of , it has a northern border with Andalusia, Spain. The Rock of Gibraltar is the major landmark of the region...
    
     (British dependent territory)
    • Governor – Sir Richard Luce
      Richard Luce, Baron Luce
      Richard Napier Luce, Baron Luce, was Lord Chamberlain to HM The Queen from 2000 to 2006, and was previously Governor of Gibraltar and a Conservative Member of Parliament and Government Minister.-Early career:...
      
      , Governor of Gibraltar
      Governor of Gibraltar
      The Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Gibraltar is the representative of the British monarch in the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. The Governor is appointed by the British Monarch on the advice of the British Government...
      
       (1997–2000)
    • Chief Minister – Peter Caruana
      Peter Caruana
      Peter Richard Caruana, QC is a Gibraltarian politician, and has been Chief Minister of Gibraltar since 1996, when his party, the Gibraltar Social Democrats , first came to power. His party was re-elected to office in 2000, 2003 and 2007...
      
      , Chief Minister of Gibraltar
      Chief Minister of Gibraltar
      The Chief Minister of Gibraltar is the leader of the largest party elected to the Gibraltar Parliament, and is formally appointed by the Governor of Gibraltar, representative of the British Crown.-List of Chief Ministers:...
      
       (1996–present)
• Vatican City
  Vatican City
  Vatican City , or Vatican City State, in Italian officially Stato della Città del Vaticano , which translates literally as State of the City of the Vatican, is a landlocked sovereign city-state whose territory consists of a walled enclave within the city of Rome, Italy. It has an area of...
  
   –
  • Monarch – Pope John Paul II
    Pope John Paul II
    Blessed Pope John Paul II , born Karol Józef Wojtyła , reigned as Pope of the Catholic Church and Sovereign of Vatican City from 16 October 1978 until his death on 2 April 2005, at of age. His was the second-longest documented pontificate, which lasted ; only Pope Pius IX ...
    
    , Sovereign of Vatican City (1978–2005)
  • President of the Governorate – Edmund Szoka, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1997–2006)
  • Holy See
    Holy See
    The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, in which its Bishop is commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent episcopal see of the Catholic Church, forming the central government of the Church. As such, diplomatically, and in other spheres the Holy See acts and...
    
    
    • Secretary of State – Angelo Sodano
      Angelo Sodano
      Angelo Sodano is an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He is the current Dean of the College of Cardinals and former Vatican Secretary of State, having held that post from 1990 to 2006, under both popes John Paul II and Benedict XVI...
      
      , Cardinal Secretary of State of the Holy See
      Cardinal Secretary of State
      The Cardinal Secretary of State—officially Secretary of State of His Holiness The Pope—presides over the Holy See, usually known as the "Vatican", Secretariat of State, which is the oldest and most important dicastery of the Roman Curia...
      
       (1990–2006)
• Yugoslavia –
  • President – Slobodan Milošević
    Slobodan Milošević
    Slobodan Milošević was President of Serbia and Yugoslavia. He served as the President of Socialist Republic of Serbia and Republic of Serbia from 1989 until 1997 in three terms and as President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1997 to 2000...
    
    , President of Yugoslavia
    President of Serbia and Montenegro
    The President of Serbia and Montenegro was the head of state of Serbia and Montenegro. From its establishment in 1992 until 2003, when the country was reconstituted as a conferederacy via constitutional reform, the head of state was known as the President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia...
    
     (1997–2000)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Radoje Kontić
       Radoje Kontic
       Radoje Kontić is a retired Montenegrin politician and technologist. He was the last Chairman of the Socialist Republic of Montenegro's Executive Council from 1989 to 1991 - a post which he obtained by riding the wave of the anti-bureaucratic putsch in Montenegro during January 1989...
       
       , Prime Minister of Yugoslavia
       Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro
       The Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro was the head of government of Serbia and Montenegro from its establishment in 1992 up until the state's dissolution in 2006...
       
        (1993–1998)
    2. Momir Bulatović
       Momir Bulatovic
       Momir Bulatović , formerly served as a Yugoslavian and Montenegrin politician. Bulatović became federal President of Montenegro while Montenegro was part of a Yugoslav federation, and also Prime Minister of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia...
       
       , Prime Minister of Yugoslavia
       Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro
       The Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro was the head of government of Serbia and Montenegro from its establishment in 1992 up until the state's dissolution in 2006...
       
        (1998–2000)
  • Republic of Kosova
    Republic of Kosova
    The Republic of Kosova was an secessionist state proclaimed in 1991 by a parallel parliament representing the Albanian population of Kosovo, recognized only by the Republic of Albania...
    
     (unrecognized secessionist state)
    • President – Ibrahim Rugova
      Ibrahim Rugova
      Ibrahim Rugova was an Albanian politician who was the first President of Kosovo and of its leading political party, the Democratic League of Kosovo ....
      
      , President of the Republic of Kosova (1992–2000)
    • Prime Minister – Bujar Bukoshi
      Bujar Bukoshi
      Bujar Bukoshi was the Minister of Healthcare in Kosovo in the first government of Hashim Thaci. Previously, he served as Prime Minister of Kosovo within the self-proclaimed Republic of Kosova from 1991 to 2000. He graduated from the University of Belgrade's Medical School.-Notes:...
      
      , Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosova (1991–2000)

North America

• Anguilla
  Anguilla
  Anguilla is a British overseas territory and overseas territory of the European Union in the Caribbean. It is one of the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles, lying east of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands and directly north of Saint Martin...
  
   (British dependent territory)
  • Governor – Robert Harris
    Robert Harris (Anguilla)
    Robert Harris was the Governor of Anguilla for the period December 1996 – 27 January 2000.- References :...
    
    , Governor of Anguilla
    Governor of Anguilla
    The Governor of Anguilla is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Anguilla. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
    
     (1996–2000)
  • Chief Minister – Hubert Hughes, Chief Minister of Anguilla
    Chief Minister of Anguilla
    -List of Chief Ministers of Anguilla:...
    
     (1994–2000)
• Antigua and Barbuda
  Antigua and Barbuda
  Antigua and Barbuda is a twin-island nation lying between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. It consists of two major inhabited islands, Antigua and Barbuda, and a number of smaller islands...
  
   –
  • Monarch – Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Antigua and Barbuda
    Monarch of Antigua and Barbuda
    Antigua and Barbuda is a constitutional monarchy and a Commonwealth realm, with Queen Elizabeth II as its reigning monarch since November 1, 1981...
    
     (1981–present)
  • Governor-General – Sir James Carlisle
    James Carlisle
    Sir James Beethoven Carlisle, GCMG is the former Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda. Selected by Prime Minister, Vere Cornwall Bird on June 10, 1993 and appointed by the Queen of Antigua his term was terminated on June 30, 2007 - a period of 14 years...
    
    , Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (1993–2007)
  • Prime Minister – Lester Bird
    Lester Bird
    Lester Bryant Bird was the second Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda from 1994 to 2004 and a well-known athlete. He was chairman of the Antigua Labour Party from 1971 to 1993, then became Prime Minister when his father, Vere Bird, the previous Prime Minister, resigned.Bird was born on February...
    
    , Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (1994–2004)
• Aruba
  Aruba
  Aruba is a 33 km-long island of the Lesser Antilles in the southern Caribbean Sea, located 27 km north of the coast of Venezuela and 130 km east of Guajira Peninsula...
  
   (constituent country
  Constituent country
  Constituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity. The term constituent country does not have any defined legal meaning, and is used simply to refer to a country which is a part Constituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts...
  
   of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
  Kingdom of the Netherlands
  The Kingdom of the Netherlands is a sovereign state and constitutional monarchy with territory in Western Europe and in the Caribbean. The four parts of the Kingdom—Aruba, Curaçao, the Netherlands, and Sint Maarten—are referred to as "countries", and participate on a basis of equality...
  
  )
  • Governor – Olindo Koolman
    Olindo Koolman
    Olindo Koolman was the second Governor of Aruba and served two terms of six years as governor from 12 March 1992 until 11 May 2004.-References:...
    
    , Governor of Aruba
    Governor of Aruba
    The Governor of Aruba is the representative on Aruba of the Dutch head of state . The governors duties are twofold: he represents and guards the general interests of the Kingdom and is head of the Aruban Government. He is accountable to the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. As the head...
    
     (1992–2004)
  • Prime Minister – Henny Eman
    Henny Eman
    Jan Hendrik Albert "Henny" Eman was the first Prime Minister of Aruba from 1 January 1986 to 9 February 1989 and again from 29 July 1994 to 30 October 2001.- Introduction :thumb|left| Memorial stone at Leiden cafe "Het Keizertje"...
    
    , Prime Minister of Aruba
    Prime Minister of Aruba
    The Prime Minister of Aruba is Aruba's head of government. Together with Aruba's Council of Ministers, they form the executive branch of Aruban government.-List of Prime Ministers of Aruba:...
    
     (1994–2001)
• The Bahamas
  The Bahamas
  The Bahamas , officially the Commonwealth of the Bahamas, is a nation consisting of 29 islands, 661 cays, and 2,387 islets . It is located in the Atlantic Ocean north of Cuba and Hispaniola , northwest of the Turks and Caicos Islands, and southeast of the United States...
  
   –
  • Monarch – Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of the Bahamas (1973–present)
  • Governor-General – Sir Orville Turnquest, Governor-General of the Bahamas (1995–2001)
  • Prime Minister – Hubert Ingraham
    Hubert Ingraham
    Hubert Alexander Ingraham is the Prime Minister of the Bahamas. He first served as Prime Minister from August 1992 until May 2002 and became Prime Minister again in 2007. He is a member of the Free National Movement Party . The Rt. Hon. Hubert A...
    
    , Prime Minister of the Bahamas (1992–2002)
• Barbados
  Barbados
  Barbados is an island country in the Lesser Antilles. It is in length and as much as in width, amounting to . It is situated in the western area of the North Atlantic and 100 kilometres east of the Windward Islands and the Caribbean Sea; therein, it is about east of the islands of Saint...
  
   –
  • Monarch – Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Barbados (1966–present)
  • Governor-General – Sir Clifford Husbands
    Clifford Husbands
    Sir Clifford Straughn Husbands, GCMG, KA, QC was the Governor-General of Barbados. He held this office from 1996, when he was appointed after the death of Dame Nita Barrow, until he retired on 31 October 2011.-External links:*...
    
    , Governor-General of Barbados (1996–2011)
  • Prime Minister – Owen Arthur
    Owen Arthur
    Owen Seymour Arthur, MP was the fifth Prime Minister of Barbados who was in office from 1994 to 2008 and is the current Leader of Opposition in Barbados. To date, he is the longest serving Barbadian Prime Minister....
    
    , Prime Minister of Barbados (1994–2008)
• Belize
  Belize
  Belize is a constitutional monarchy and the northernmost country in Central America. Belize has a diverse society, comprising many cultures and languages. Even though Kriol and Spanish are spoken among the population, Belize is the only country in Central America where English is the official...
  
   –
  • Monarch – Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Belize (1981–present)
  • Governor-General – Sir Colville Young
    Colville Young
    Sir Colville Norbert Young, GCMG, MBE is the Governor General of Belize, and also patron of the Scout Association of Belize. He was appointed Governor-General in 1993, taking office on 17 November of that year, and was knighted in 1994....
    
    , Governor-General of Belize (1993–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Manuel Esquivel
       Manuel Esquivel
       Sir Manuel Esquivel, KCMG, PC is a Belizean politician. As leader of the United Democratic Party, he served as Prime Minister from 1984 to 1989, and then again from 1993 to 1998.-Biography:...
       
       , Prime Minister of Belize (1993–1998)
    2. Said Musa
       Said Musa
       Said Wilbert Musa is a Belizean lawyer and politician. He was the Prime Minister of Belize from August 28, 1998 to February 8, 2008.-Early life and education:Said Musa was born in San Ignacio, Cayo District, Belize...
       
       , Prime Minister of Belize (1998–2008)
• Bermuda
  Bermuda
  Bermuda is a British overseas territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. Located off the east coast of the United States, its nearest landmass is Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, about to the west-northwest. It is about south of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, and northeast of Miami, Florida...
  
   (British dependent territory)
  • Governor – Thorold Masefield, Governor of Bermuda
    Governor of Bermuda
    The Governor of Bermuda is the representative of the British monarch in the British overseas territory of Bermuda. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
    
     (1997–2002)
  • Premier –
    1. Pamela Gordon, Premier of Bermuda (1997–1998)
    2. Jennifer M. Smith
       Jennifer M. Smith
       Dame Jennifer Meredith Smith, DBE, JP, DHumL, MP was the premier of Bermuda from 1998 until 2003, the first premier who was not a member of the United Bermuda Party...
       
       , Premier of Bermuda (1998–2003)
• British Virgin Islands
  British Virgin Islands
  The Virgin Islands, often called the British Virgin Islands , is a British overseas territory and overseas territory of the European Union, located in the Caribbean to the east of Puerto Rico. The islands make up part of the Virgin Islands archipelago, the remaining islands constituting the U.S...
  
   (British dependent territory)
  • Governor –
    1. David Mackilligin, Governor of the British Virgin Islands
       Governor of the British Virgin Islands
       The Governor of the British Virgin Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of British Virgin Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
       
        (1995–1998)
    2. Frank Savage, Governor of the British Virgin Islands
       Governor of the British Virgin Islands
       The Governor of the British Virgin Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of British Virgin Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
       
        (1998–2002)
  • Chief Minister – Ralph T. O'Neal
    Ralph T. O'Neal
    Ralph Telford O'Neal, OBE is the former Premier of the British Virgin Islands, and is expected to be appointed as the leader of the opposition...
    
    , Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands (1995–2003)
• Canada
  Canada
  Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
  
   –
  • Monarch – Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Canada
    Monarchy in Canada
    The monarchy of Canada is the core of both Canada's federalism and its Westminster-style parliamentary democracy, being the foundation of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the Canadian government and each provincial government...
    
     (1952–present)
  • Governor-General – Roméo LeBlanc
    Roméo LeBlanc
    Roméo-Adrien LeBlanc was a Canadian journalist, politician, and statesman who served as Governor General of Canada, the 25th since Canadian Confederation....
    
    , Governor General of Canada (1995–1999)
  • Prime Minister – Jean Chrétien
    Jean Chrétien
    Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien , known commonly as Jean Chrétien is a former Canadian politician who was the 20th Prime Minister of Canada. He served in the position for over ten years, from November 4, 1993 to December 12, 2003....
    
    , Prime Minister of Canada (1993–2003)
• Cayman Islands
  Cayman Islands
  The Cayman Islands is a British Overseas Territory and overseas territory of the European Union located in the western Caribbean Sea. The territory comprises the three islands of Grand Cayman, Cayman Brac, and Little Cayman, located south of Cuba and northwest of Jamaica...
  
   (British dependent territory)
  • Governor – John Wynne Owen, Governor of the Cayman Islands
    Governor of the Cayman Islands
    The Governor of the Cayman Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of the Cayman Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
    
     (1995–1999)
  • Head of Government – Truman Bodden
    Truman Bodden
    Truman Murray Bodden, OBE is a past Caymanian politician. An attorney at law by profession, he served as Leader of Government Business from 1994 to November 2000. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly for George Town...
    
    , Leader of Government Business of the Cayman Islands
    Leader of Government Business
    The Premier of the Cayman Islands is the political leader and head of government. The post of Premier in the Cayman Islands is the equivalent to Chief Minister or Prime Minister in other British Overseas Territories. It is the highest political level that can be attained within the British colonial...
    
     (1994–2000)
• Costa Rica
  Costa Rica
  Costa Rica , officially the Republic of Costa Rica is a multilingual, multiethnic and multicultural country in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Caribbean Sea to the east....
  
  
  • President –
    1. José María Figueres
       José María Figueres
       José María Figueres Olsen , is a Costa Rican politician, businessman and international expert on Sustainable Development and Technology...
       
       , President of Costa Rica (1994–1998)
    2. Miguel Ángel Rodríguez
       Miguel Ángel Rodríguez
       Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Echeverría is a Costa Rican economist, lawyer, businessman, and politician. He served as President of Costa Rica from 1998 to 2002 and was briefly Secretary General of the Organization of American States in 2004, before stepping down and returning to his country to face...
       
       , President of Costa Rica (1998–2002)
• Cuba
  Cuba
  The Republic of Cuba is an island nation in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos. Havana is the largest city in Cuba and the country's capital. Santiago de Cuba is the second largest city...
  
  
  • Communist Party Leader – Fidel Castro
    Fidel Castro
    Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz is a Cuban revolutionary and politician, having held the position of Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and then President from 1976 to 2008. He also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from the party's foundation in 1961 until 2011...
    
    , First secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba
    Communist Party of Cuba
    The Communist Party of Cuba is the governing political party in Cuba. It is a communist party of the Marxist-Leninist model. The Cuban constitution ascribes the role of the Party to be the "leading force of society and of the state"...
    
     (1965–2011)
  • President – Fidel Castro
    Fidel Castro
    Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz is a Cuban revolutionary and politician, having held the position of Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and then President from 1976 to 2008. He also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from the party's foundation in 1961 until 2011...
    
    , President of the Council of State of Cuba
    President of Cuba
    --209.174.31.28 18:43, 22 November 2011 The President of Cuba is the Head of state of Cuba. According to the Cuban Constitution of 1976, the President is the chief executive of the Council of State of Cuba...
    
     (1976–2008)
  • Premier – Fidel Castro
    Fidel Castro
    Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz is a Cuban revolutionary and politician, having held the position of Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and then President from 1976 to 2008. He also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from the party's foundation in 1961 until 2011...
    
    , President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba
    Prime Minister of Cuba
    Prime Minister of Cuba was a position in the government of Cuba. Fidel Castro assumed the position of Prime Minister in 1959 replacing José Miró Cardona....
    
     (1959–2008)
• Dominica
  Dominica
  Dominica , officially the Commonwealth of Dominica, is an island nation in the Lesser Antilles region of the Caribbean Sea, south-southeast of Guadeloupe and northwest of Martinique. Its size is and the highest point in the country is Morne Diablotins, which has an elevation of . The Commonwealth...
  
   –
  • President –
    1. Crispin Sorhaindo
       Crispin Sorhaindo
       Crispin Anselm Sorhaindo OBE was the fourth President of Dominica. He served from October 25, 1993 until October 5, 1998....
       
       , President of Dominica (1993–1998)
    2. Vernon Shaw
       Vernon Shaw
       Vernon Lorden Shaw was the fifth President of Dominica. He is an alumnus of the Dominica Grammar School and Trinity College, Oxford. He was a career civil servant, rising to the post of Cabinet Secretary in 1977, and retiring in 1990. He was elected to a five-year term by the House of Assembly on...
       
       , President of Dominica (1998–2003)
  • Prime Minister – Edison James
    Edison James
    Edison Chenfil James was the prime minister of Dominica from June 14, 1995 to February 3, 2000 as well as the Member of Parliament for the Marigot constituency from 1990. He graduated from the Dominica Grammar School...
    
    , Prime Minister of Dominica (1995–2000)
• Dominican Republic
  Dominican Republic
  The Dominican Republic is a nation on the island of La Hispaniola, part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands that are shared by two countries...
  
  
  • President – Leonel Fernández
    Leonel Fernández
    Leonel Antonio Fernández Reyna is a Dominican lawyer, academic, and the current President of the Dominican Republic since 2004. He held the same office from 1996 to 2000...
    
    , President of the Dominican Republic (1996–2000)
• El Salvador
  El Salvador
  El Salvador or simply Salvador is the smallest and the most densely populated country in Central America. The country's capital city and largest city is San Salvador; Santa Ana and San Miguel are also important cultural and commercial centers in the country and in all of Central America...
  
  
  • President – Armando Calderón Sol
    Armando Calderón Sol
    Armando Calderón Sol was President of El Salvador from June 1, 1994 to June 1, 1999, representing the Nationalist Republican Alliance .-Biography:Armando Calderón Sol was born in San Salvador, on June 24, 1948....
    
    , President of El Salvador
    President of El Salvador
    This page contains a list of Presidents of El Salvador.-Heads of State of El Salvador within the Federal Republic of Central America :*Pedro Barriere : 21 September 1821 - 28 November 1821*José Matías Delgado : 28 Nov 1821 - 9 February 1823...
    
     (1994–1999)
• Grenada
  Grenada
  Grenada is an island country and Commonwealth Realm consisting of the island of Grenada and six smaller islands at the southern end of the Grenadines in the southeastern Caribbean Sea...
  
   –
  • Monarch – Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Grenada (1974–present)
  • Governor-General – Sir Daniel Williams, Governor-General of Grenada (1996–2008)
  • Prime Minister – Keith Mitchell
    Keith Mitchell
    Keith Claudius Mitchell is a Grenadian politician who served as Prime Minister of Grenada from 1995 to 2008. He was the longest serving Prime Minister Grenada has ever had, serving just over 13 years as Prime Minister...
    
    , Prime Minister of Grenada (1995–2008)
• Guatemala
  Guatemala
  Guatemala is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, Belize to the northeast, the Caribbean to the east, and Honduras and El Salvador to the southeast...
  
  
  • President – Álvaro Arzú
    Álvaro Arzú
    Álvaro Enrique Arzú Yrigoyen was the 32nd President of Guatemala from January 14, 1996 until January 14, 2000...
    
    , President of Guatemala
    President of Guatemala
    The title of President of Guatemala has been the usual title of the leader of Guatemala since 1839, when that title was assumed by Mariano Rivera Paz...
    
     (1996–2000)
• Haiti
  Haiti
  Haiti , officially the Republic of Haiti , is a Caribbean country. It occupies the western, smaller portion of the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antillean archipelago, which it shares with the Dominican Republic. Ayiti was the indigenous Taíno or Amerindian name for the island...
  
  
  • President – René Préval
    René Préval
    René Garcia Préval is a Haitian politician and agronomist who was the President of the Republic of Haiti from 14 May 2006 to 14 May 2011. He previously served as President from February 7, 1996, to February 7, 2001, and as Prime Minister from February 1991 to October 11, 1991.-Early life and...
    
    , President of Haiti (1996–2001)
• Honduras
  Honduras
  Honduras is a republic in Central America. It was previously known as Spanish Honduras to differentiate it from British Honduras, which became the modern-day state of Belize...
  
  
  • President –
    1. Carlos Roberto Reina
       Carlos Roberto Reina
       Carlos Roberto Reina Idiáquez was a politician of the Liberal Party of Honduras, and President of Honduras from January 27, 1994 to January 27, 1998....
       
       , President of Honduras
       President of Honduras
       This page lists the Presidents of Honduras.Colonial Honduras declared its independence from Spain on 15 September 1821. From 5 January 1822 to 1 July 1823, Honduras was part of the First Mexican Empire of Agustín de Iturbide....
       
        (1994–1998)
    2. Carlos Roberto Flores
       Carlos Roberto Flores
       Carlos Roberto Flores Facussé was President of Honduras from 27 January 1998 to 27 January 2002 and President of the National Congress from 25 January 1994 to 25 January 1998.- Biography :...
       
       , President of Honduras
       President of Honduras
       This page lists the Presidents of Honduras.Colonial Honduras declared its independence from Spain on 15 September 1821. From 5 January 1822 to 1 July 1823, Honduras was part of the First Mexican Empire of Agustín de Iturbide....
       
        (1998–2002)
• Jamaica
  Jamaica
  Jamaica is an island nation of the Greater Antilles, in length, up to in width and 10,990 square kilometres in area. It is situated in the Caribbean Sea, about south of Cuba, and west of Hispaniola, the island harbouring the nation-states Haiti and the Dominican Republic...
  
   –
  • Monarch – Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Jamaica (1962–present)
  • Governor-General – Sir Howard Cooke
    Howard Cooke
    Sir Howard Felix Hanlan Cooke, ON, GCMG, GCVO, CD, K.St.J was the Governor-General of Jamaica from August 1, 1991 until February 15, 2006 when he became the first governor-general to invest his own successor, Professor Kenneth Octavius Hall...
    
    , Governor-General of Jamaica
    Governor-General of Jamaica
    The Governor-General of Jamaica represents the Jamaican monarch, and head of state, who holds the title of King or Queen of Jamaica ....
    
     (1991–2006)
  • Prime Minister – P. J. Patterson
    P. J. Patterson
    Percival Noel James Patterson, ON, QC, PC, O.E., was the sixth Prime Minister of Jamaica from 1992 to 2006. Until February 2006 he was the leader of the Jamaican People's National Party . The new PNP leader, Portia Simpson-Miller, took over as Prime Minister on 30 March 2006...
    
    , Prime Minister of Jamaica
    Prime Minister of Jamaica
    The Prime Minister of Jamaica is Jamaica's head of government, currently Andrew Holness. Andrew Holness was elected as the new leader of the governing Jamaica Labour Party and succeeded Bruce Golding to become Jamaica's ninth Prime Minister on 23 October 2011...
    
     (1992–2006)
• Mexico
  Mexico
  The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
  
  
  • President – Ernesto Zedillo
    Ernesto Zedillo
    Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León is a Mexican economist and politician. He served as President of Mexico from December 1, 1994 to November 30, 2000, as the last of the uninterrupted seventy year line of Mexican presidents from the Institutional Revolutionary Party...
    
    , President of Mexico (1994–2000)
• Montserrat
  Montserrat
  Montserrat is a British overseas territory located in the Leeward Islands, part of the chain of islands called the Lesser Antilles in the West Indies. This island measures approximately long and wide, giving of coastline...
  
   (British dependent territory)
  • Governor – Anthony John Abbott
    Anthony John Abbott (governor)
    Anthony John "Tony" Abbott, CMG, OBE is a British diplomat, who served as Governor of Montserrat from 1997 to 2001.Abbott was born in Ashton-under-Lyne, Greater Manchester in 1941, and joined the British diplomatic service in 1959...
    
    , Governor of Montserrat
    Governor of Montserrat
    The Governor of Montserrat is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Montserrat. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
    
     (1997–2001)
  • Chief Minister – David Brandt
    David Brandt (politician)
    David Brandt is a politician from Montserrat. He served as the territory's Chief Minister from 22 August 1997 to 5 April 2001.- References :* , 19 August 2009, CSME Network News. Retrieved Jan 5, 2011....
    
    , Chief Minister of Montserrat
    Chief Minister of Montserrat
    The Chief Minister of Montserrat is the head of government of Montserrat, an island in the Caribbean that is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom, appointed by the Governor of Montserrat on behalf of Queen Elizabeth II, Montserrat's head of state. The current Chief Minister of Montserrat is...
    
     (1997–2001)
• Netherlands Antilles
  Netherlands Antilles
  The Netherlands Antilles , also referred to informally as the Dutch Antilles, was an autonomous Caribbean country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, consisting of two groups of islands in the Lesser Antilles: Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao , in Leeward Antilles just off the Venezuelan coast; and Sint...
  
   (constituent country
  Constituent country
  Constituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity. The term constituent country does not have any defined legal meaning, and is used simply to refer to a country which is a part Constituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts...
  
   of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
  Kingdom of the Netherlands
  The Kingdom of the Netherlands is a sovereign state and constitutional monarchy with territory in Western Europe and in the Caribbean. The four parts of the Kingdom—Aruba, Curaçao, the Netherlands, and Sint Maarten—are referred to as "countries", and participate on a basis of equality...
  
  )
  • Governor – Jaime Saleh, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles
    Governor of the Netherlands Antilles
    The Governor of the Netherlands Antilles was the representative of the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the Netherlands Antilles and the head of the National Government of the Netherlands Antilles....
    
     (1990–2002)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Miguel Arcangel Pourier, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (1994–1998)
    2. Susanne Camelia-Römer, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (1998–1999)
• Nicaragua
  Nicaragua
  Nicaragua is the largest country in the Central American American isthmus, bordered by Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. The country is situated between 11 and 14 degrees north of the Equator in the Northern Hemisphere, which places it entirely within the tropics. The Pacific Ocean...
  
  
  • President – Arnoldo Alemán
    Arnoldo Alemán
    José Arnoldo Alemán Lacayo was the 81st President of Nicaragua from 10 January 1997 to 10 January 2002.-Biography:Alemán was born in Managua and received his early education at the La Salle institute in Managua...
    
    , President of Nicaragua
    President of Nicaragua
    The position of President of Nicaragua was created in the Constitution of 1854. From 1825 until the Constitution of 1838 the title of the position was known as Head of State and from 1838 to 1854 as Supreme Director .-Heads of State of Nicaragua within the Federal Republic of Central America...
    
     (1997–2002)
• Panama
  Panama
  Panama , officially the Republic of Panama , is the southernmost country of Central America. Situated on the isthmus connecting North and South America, it is bordered by Costa Rica to the northwest, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south. The...
  
  
  • President – Ernesto Pérez Balladares
    Ernesto Pérez Balladares
    Ernesto Pérez Balladares González-Revilla was the President of Panama between 1994 and 1999. Nicknamed "El Toro" , Ernesto Pérez Balladares is married to Dora Boyd Preciado, with 3 daughters.-Studies :...
    
    , President of Panama (1994–1999)
• Saint Kitts and Nevis
  Saint Kitts and Nevis
  The Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis , located in the Leeward Islands, is a federal two-island nation in the West Indies. It is the smallest sovereign state in the Americas, in both area and population....
  
   –
  • Monarch – Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983–present)
  • Governor-General – Sir Cuthbert Sebastian
    Cuthbert Sebastian
    Sir Cuthbert Montraville Sebastian, GCMG, OBE , is the Governor-General of St. Kitts and Nevis. He was appointed Governor-General in 1995 and was sworn in on 1 January 1996....
    
    , Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1996–present)
  • Prime Minister – Denzil Douglas
    Denzil Douglas
    Denzil Llewellyn Douglas has been Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis since July 1995. He leads the Saint Kitts and Nevis Labour Party. He is the longest serving Prime Minister Saint Kitts and Nevis has ever had....
    
    , Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1995–present)
• Saint Lucia
  Saint Lucia
  Saint Lucia is an island country in the eastern Caribbean Sea on the boundary with the Atlantic Ocean. Part of the Lesser Antilles, it is located north/northeast of the island of Saint Vincent, northwest of Barbados and south of Martinique. It covers a land area of 620 km2 and has an...
  
   –
  • Monarch – Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Saint Lucia (1979–present)
  • Governor-General – Pearlette Louisy
    Pearlette Louisy
    Dame Pearlette Louisy, GCMG is the Governor-General of Saint Lucia. She is the first woman to hold this office, which she was sworn into on 19 September 1997....
    
    , Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1997–present)
  • Prime Minister – Kenny Anthony
    Kenny Anthony
    Kenny Davis Anthony is a Saint Lucian politician who was the fifth Prime Minister of Saint Lucia from 1997 to 2006. As leader of the Saint Lucia Labour Party, he was Leader of the Opposition from 2006 to 2011 and returned to office as Prime Minister on 30 November 2011 following the 2011...
    
    , Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (1997–2006)
• Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Territorial collectivity of France)
  • Prefect – Rémi Thuau, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
    Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
    The prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon is the local representative of the President of France and in effect the Governor or Executive officer of the territory.- Overview :...
    
     (1997–1999)
  • President of the General Council – Bernard Le Soavec, President of the General Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1996–2000)
• Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is an island country in the Lesser Antilles chain, namely in the southern portion of the Windward Islands, which lie at the southern end of the eastern border of the Caribbean Sea where the latter meets the Atlantic Ocean....
  
   –
  • Monarch – Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979–present)
  • Governor-General – Sir Charles Antrobus
    Charles Antrobus
    Sir Charles James Antrobus, GCMG, OBE was the Governor-General of St. Vincent and the Grenadines from June 1, 1996, until his death. He died in Toronto and was temporarily replaced by Monica Dacon....
    
    , Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1996–2002)
  • Prime Minister – Sir James Fitz-Allen Mitchell
    James Fitz-Allen Mitchell
    Sir James Fitz-Allen Mitchell was the second Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and the founder of the New Democratic Party . He also served as Premier of the then colony from 1972 to 1974.-Life and career:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1984–2000)
• Trinidad and Tobago
  Trinidad and Tobago
  Trinidad and Tobago officially the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago is an archipelagic state in the southern Caribbean, lying just off the coast of northeastern Venezuela and south of Grenada in the Lesser Antilles...
  
   –
  • President – A. N. R. Robinson
    A. N. R. Robinson
    Arthur Napoleon Raymond Robinson, OCC, TC was the third President of Trinidad and Tobago, serving from 19 March 1997 to 17 March 2003. He was also Trinidad and Tobago's third Prime Minister, serving in that capacity from 18 December 1986 to 17 December 1991...
    
    , President of Trinidad and Tobago (1997–2003)
  • Prime Minister – Basdeo Panday
    Basdeo Panday
    Basdeo Panday was the 5th Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago from 1995 to 2001 and has served as Leader of the Opposition from 1976–1977, 1978–1986, 1989–1995 and 2001–2010. He was first elected to Parliament in 1976 as the Member for Couva North. He is the former...
    
    , Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1995–2001)
• Turks and Caicos Islands
  Turks and Caicos Islands
  The Turks and Caicos Islands are a British Overseas Territory and overseas territory of the European Union consisting of two groups of tropical islands in the Caribbean, the larger Caicos Islands and the smaller Turks Islands, known for tourism and as an offshore financial centre.The Turks and...
  
   (British dependent territory)
  • Governor – John Kelly
    John Kelly (Governor)
    John Philip Kelly, CMG, LVO, MBE is an Irish-born British diplomat who was Governor of the British overseas territory of the Turks and Caicos Islands from October 1996 to January 2000....
    
    , Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands
    Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands
    The Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Turks and Caicos Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
    
     (1996–2000)
  • Chief Minister – Derek Hugh Taylor
    Derek Hugh Taylor
    Derek Hugh Taylor was Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 31 January 1995 to 15 August 2003. He is the former leader of the People's Democratic Movement party and is now retired.-External links:*...
    
    , Chief Minister of Turks and Caicos Islands
    Premier of the Turks and Caicos Islands
    This is a list of Chief Ministers and Premiers of the Turks and Caicos Islands.-Chief Ministers of the Turks and Caicos Islands:-Premiers of the Turks and Caicos Islands:...
    
     (1995–2003)
• United States of America
  • President – Bill Clinton
    Bill Clinton
    William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Inaugurated at age 46, he was the third-youngest president. He took office at the end of the Cold War, and was the first president of the baby boomer generation...
    
    , President of the United States (1993–2001)
  • Puerto Rico
    Puerto Rico
    Puerto Rico , officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico , is an unincorporated territory of the United States, located in the northeastern Caribbean, east of the Dominican Republic and west of both the United States Virgin Islands and the British Virgin Islands.Puerto Rico comprises an...
    
     (Commonwealth
    Commonwealth (United States insular area)
    In the terminology of the United States insular areas, a Commonwealth is a type of organized but unincorporated dependent territory.The definition of "Commonwealth" according to current U.S. State Department policy reads: "The term 'Commonwealth' does not describe or provide for any specific...
    
     of the United States)
    • Governor – Pedro Rosselló
      Pedro Rosselló
      Pedro Juan Rosselló González, M.D., , is a Puerto Rican physician and politician who served as the sixth Governor of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico from 1993 to 2001...
      
      , Governor of Puerto Rico
      Governor of Puerto Rico
      The Governor of Puerto Rico is the Head of Government of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Since 1948, the Governor has been elected by the people of Puerto Rico...
      
       (1993–2001)
  • United States Virgin Islands
    United States Virgin Islands
    The Virgin Islands of the United States are a group of islands in the Caribbean that are an insular area of the United States. The islands are geographically part of the Virgin Islands archipelago and are located in the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles.The U.S...
    
     (Insular area
    Insular area
    An insular area is a United States territory, that is neither a part of one of the fifty U.S. states nor the District of Columbia, the federal district of the United States...
    
     of the United States)
    • Governor – Roy L. Schneider
      Roy L. Schneider
      Roy Lester Schneider is a physician in the United States Virgin Islands who served as governor of that territory from January 5, 1995 to January 4, 1999. He was the fifth elected governor of that territory and the 25th overall.-Biography:...
      
      , Governor of US Virgin Islands (1995–1999)

Oceania

• American Samoa
  American Samoa
  American Samoa is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of the sovereign state of Samoa...
  
   (unorganized
  Unorganized territory
  An unorganized territory is a region of land without a "normally" constituted system of government. This does not mean that the territory has no government at all or that it is unclaimed territory...
  
  , unincorporated territory of the United States)

• • Governor – Tauese Sunia
    Tauese Sunia
    Tauese Tuailemafua Pita Fiti Sunia was the governor of American Samoa from 1997 until his death. He died during his second term, on March 26, 2003, while on a flight to Hawaii for medical treatment....
    
    , Governor of American Samoa (1997–2003)
• Australia
  Australia
  Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
  
   –
  • Monarch – Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Australia
    Monarchy in Australia
    The Monarchy of Australia is a form of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign of Australia. The monarchy is a constitutional one modelled on the Westminster style of parliamentary government, incorporating features unique to the Constitution of Australia.The present monarch is...
    
     (1952–present)
  • Governor-General – Sir William Deane
    William Deane
    Sir William Patrick Deane, AC, KBE, QC , Australian judge and the 22nd Governor-General of Australia.-Early life:William Deane was born in Melbourne, Victoria. He was educated at Catholic schools including St. Joseph's College, Hunters Hill and at the University of Sydney, where he graduated in...
    
    , Governor-General of Australia
    Governor-General of Australia
    The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia is the representative in Australia at federal/national level of the Australian monarch . He or she exercises the supreme executive power of the Commonwealth...
    
     (1996–2001)
  • Prime Minister – John Howard
    John Howard
    John Winston Howard AC, SSI, was the 25th Prime Minister of Australia, from 11 March 1996 to 3 December 2007. He was the second-longest serving Australian Prime Minister after Sir Robert Menzies....
    
    , Prime Minister of Australia
    Prime Minister of Australia
    The Prime Minister of the Commonwealth of Australia is the highest minister of the Crown, leader of the Cabinet and Head of Her Majesty's Australian Government, holding office on commission from the Governor-General of Australia. The office of Prime Minister is, in practice, the most powerful...
    
     (1996–2007)
  • Christmas Island
    Christmas Island
    The Territory of Christmas Island is a territory of Australia in the Indian Ocean. It is located northwest of the Western Australian city of Perth, south of the Indonesian capital, Jakarta, and ENE of the Cocos Islands....
    
     (external territory of Australia)
    • Administrator –
      1. Ron Harvey, Administrator of Christmas Island (1997–1998)
      2. Graham Nicholls, Acting Administrator of Christmas Island (1998–1999)
    • Shire President – Dave McLane, Shire president of Christmas Island (1998–2001)
  • Cocos (Keeling) Islands
    Cocos (Keeling) Islands
    The Territory of the Cocos Islands, also called Cocos Islands and Keeling Islands, is a territory of Australia, located in the Indian Ocean, southwest of Christmas Island and approximately midway between Australia and Sri Lanka....
    
     (external territory of Australia)
    • Administrator –
      1. Ron Harvey, Administrator of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1997–1998)
      2. Graham Nicholls, Acting Administrator of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1998–1999)
    • Shire President – Radal bin Feyrel, Shire president of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1995–1999)
  • Norfolk Island
    Norfolk Island
    Norfolk Island is a small island in the Pacific Ocean located between Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia. The island is part of the Commonwealth of Australia, but it enjoys a large degree of self-governance...
    
     (self-governing territory of Australia)
    • Administrator – Tony Messner
      Tony Messner
      Anthony John Messner AO is a former Australian politician and minister.Messner was born in Melbourne and educated at a state primary school in Queensland, Pulteney Grammar School, Adelaide and the South Australian Institute of Technology.Messner was elected as a Senator for South Australia at the...
      
      , Administrator of Norfolk Island (1997–2003)
    • Chief Minister – George Charles Smith, Chief Minister of Norfolk Island (1997–2000)
• Fiji
  Fiji
  Fiji , officially the Republic of Fiji , is an island nation in Melanesia in the South Pacific Ocean about northeast of New Zealand's North Island...
  
   –
  • President – Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara
    Kamisese Mara
    Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, CF, GCMG, KBE is considered the founding father of the modern nation of Fiji. He was Chief Minister from 1967 to 1970, when Fiji gained its independence from the United Kingdom, and, apart from one brief interruption in 1987, the first Prime Minister from 1970 to 1992...
    
    , President of Fiji
    President of Fiji
    The President of the Republic of Fiji is the head of state of Fiji. The President was appointed by the Great Council of Chiefs for a five-year term under the terms of the now-suspended 1997 constitution. The Great Council of Chiefs is constitutionally required to consult the Prime Minister, but...
    
     (1993–2000)
  • Prime Minister – Sitiveni Rabuka
    Sitiveni Rabuka
    Major-General Sitiveni Ligamamada Rabuka, OBE, MSD, OStJ, is best known as the instigator of two military coups that shook Fiji in 1987. He was later democratically elected the third Prime Minister, serving from 1992 to 1999...
    
    , Prime Minister of Fiji
    Prime Minister of Fiji
    The Prime Minister of the Republic of Fiji is the head of government of Fiji. The Prime Minister was appointed by the President under the terms of the now-suspended 1997 constitution....
    
     (1992–1999)
• French Polynesia
  French Polynesia
  French Polynesia is an overseas country of the French Republic . It is made up of several groups of Polynesian islands, the most famous island being Tahiti in the Society Islands group, which is also the most populous island and the seat of the capital of the territory...
  
   (French overseas territory)
  • High Commissioner – Jean Aribaud, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (1997–2001)
  • President of the Government – Gaston Flosse
    Gaston Flosse
    Gaston Flosse is a French Polynesian politician who has been President of French Polynesia on four separate occasions. He is currently a member of the Senate of France.-Life and career:...
    
    , President of the Government of French Polynesia
    President of French Polynesia
    This is the list of Presidents of French Polynesia.-See also:*List of monarchs of Tahiti*Colonial and Departmental Heads of French Polynesia-External links:*...
    
     (1991–2004)
• Guam
  Guam
  Guam is an organized, unincorporated territory of the United States located in the western Pacific Ocean. It is one of five U.S. territories with an established civilian government. Guam is listed as one of 16 Non-Self-Governing Territories by the Special Committee on Decolonization of the United...
  
   (Insular area
  Insular area
  An insular area is a United States territory, that is neither a part of one of the fifty U.S. states nor the District of Columbia, the federal district of the United States...
  
   of the United States)
  • Governor – Carl T.C. Gutierrez
    Carl T.C. Gutierrez
    Carl Tommy Cruz Gutierrez is a Guamanian politician.He has served at total of 10 terms in the Guam Legislature and ran unsuccessfully for Governor in 1978 , and again in 1986. Gutierrez was defeated by Governor Ricardo J. Bordallo and Lieutenant Governor Edward D. Reyes in 1986...
    
    , Governor of Guam (1995–2003)
• Kiribati
  Kiribati
  Kiribati , officially the Republic of Kiribati, is an island nation located in the central tropical Pacific Ocean. The permanent population exceeds just over 100,000 , and is composed of 32 atolls and one raised coral island, dispersed over 3.5 million square kilometres, straddling the...
  
  
  • President – Teburoro Tito
    Teburoro Tito
    Teburoro Tito was the President and foreign minister of Kiribati from October 1, 1994 to March 28, 2003. He was elected for the first time in 1994. He was reelected in 1998 with 52% of the vote. His main opponent was Harry Tong, who later ran against his brother, current President Anote Tong...
    
    , President of Kiribati
    President of Kiribati
    The President of Kiribati is the head of state and head of government of Kiribati.Following a general election, by which citizens elect the members of the House of Assembly, members select from their midst "not less than 3 nor more than 4 candidates" for the presidency. No other person may stand...
    
     (1994–2003)
• Marshall Islands
  Marshall Islands
  The Republic of the Marshall Islands , , is a Micronesian nation of atolls and islands in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, just west of the International Date Line and just north of the Equator. As of July 2011 the population was 67,182...
  
  
  • President – Imata Kabua
    Imata Kabua
    Imata Kabua was President of the Marshall Islands from 14 January 1997 to 10 January 2000. He became the Iroijlaplap of Kwajalein after the death of Amata Kabua.-References:* . Rulers.org. Accessed 2011-02-01....
    
    , President of the Marshall Islands
    President of the Marshall Islands
    -List of Presidents of the Marshall Islands:...
    
     (1997–2000)
• Micronesia
  Federated States of Micronesia
  The Federated States of Micronesia or FSM is an independent, sovereign island nation, made up of four states from west to east: Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei and Kosrae. It comprises approximately 607 islands with c...
  
  
  • President – Jacob Nena
    Jacob Nena
    Jacob Nena is a Micronesian political figure who served as the fourth President of the Federated States of Micronesia from 1996 to 1999...
    
    , President of the Federated States of Micronesia
    President of the Federated States of Micronesia
    The following is a list of the Presidents of the Federated States of Micronesia:-See also:*High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands...
    
     (1997–1999)
• Nauru
  Nauru
  Nauru , officially the Republic of Nauru and formerly known as Pleasant Island, is an island country in Micronesia in the South Pacific. Its nearest neighbour is Banaba Island in Kiribati, to the east. Nauru is the world's smallest republic, covering just...
  
  
  • President –
    1. Kinza Clodumar
       Kinza Clodumar
       HE Kinza Godfrey Clodumar is a political figure from Nauru who was President of Nauru from 1997 to 1998.-Background:...
       
       , President of Nauru
       President of Nauru
       The President of Nauru is elected by Parliament from amongst its members. He is both the head of state and head of government of Nauru. Nauru's unicameral Parliament has 18 members, with an electoral term of 3 years. Political parties only play a minor role in Nauru politics, and there has often...
       
        (1997–1998)
    2. Bernard Dowiyogo
       Bernard Dowiyogo
       HE Bernard Annen Auwen Dowiyogo was President of the Republic of Nauru.-Background and early career:He first became an elected member of Nauru's 18-seat parliament in 1973...
       
       , President of Nauru
       President of Nauru
       The President of Nauru is elected by Parliament from amongst its members. He is both the head of state and head of government of Nauru. Nauru's unicameral Parliament has 18 members, with an electoral term of 3 years. Political parties only play a minor role in Nauru politics, and there has often...
       
        (1998–1999)
• New Caledonia
  New Caledonia
  New Caledonia is a special collectivity of France located in the southwest Pacific Ocean, east of Australia and about from Metropolitan France. The archipelago, part of the Melanesia subregion, includes the main island of Grande Terre, the Loyalty Islands, the Belep archipelago, the Isle of...
  
   (French overseas territory)
  • High Commissioner – Dominique Bur, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (1995–1999)
• New Zealand
  New Zealand
  New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...
  
   –
  • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand
    Monarchy in New Zealand
    The monarchy of New Zealand also referred to as The Crown in Right of New Zealand, Her Majesty in Right of New Zealand, or The Queen in Right of New Zealand is the constitutional system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign and head of state of the Realm of New Zealand,...
    
     (1952–present)
  • Governor-General – Sir Michael Hardie Boys
    Michael Hardie Boys
    -External links:*-References:...
    
    , Governor-General of New Zealand (1996–2001)
  • Prime Minister – Jenny Shipley
    Jenny Shipley
    Dame Jenny Shipley, DNZM , served as the 36th Prime Minister of New Zealand from December 1997 to December 1999, the first woman to hold this office and the first, and to date only, woman to serve as parliamentary leader of the National Party of New Zealand.-Early life:Shipley was born as Jennifer...
    
    , Prime Minister of New Zealand
    Prime Minister of New Zealand
    The Prime Minister of New Zealand is New Zealand's head of government consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the Parliament of New Zealand...
    
     (1997–1999)
  • Cook Islands
    Cook Islands
    The Cook Islands is a self-governing parliamentary democracy in the South Pacific Ocean in free association with New Zealand...
    
     (Associated state
    Associated state
    An associated state is the minor partner in a formal, free relationship between a political territory with a degree of statehood and a nation, for which no other specific term, such as protectorate, is adopted...
    
     of New Zealand)
    • Queen's Representative – Sir Apenera Short
      Apenera Short
      Sir Apenera Pera Short KBE was a Cook Islands politician and from 1990 to 2000 was the Queen's Representative in the Cook Islands....
      
      , Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands
      Queen's Representative
      The Queen's Representative is the formal title given to the representative of Queen Elizabeth II, as Queen of New Zealand, in the Cook Islands....
      
       (1990–2000)
    • Prime Minister – Geoffrey Henry
      Geoffrey Henry
      Sir Geoffrey Arama Henry KBE is a Cook Island politician who was twice the Prime Minister of the Cook Islands. He was leader of the Cook Islands Party from 1979 to 2006.-Early life:...
      
      , Prime Minister of the Cook Islands
      Prime Minister of the Cook Islands
      The Prime Minister of the Cook Islands is the official rsponsible for heading Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II's government in the Cook Islands, a self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand. The office was established in 1965, when self-government was first granted to the islands...
      
       (1989–1999)
  • Niue
    Niue
    Niue , is an island country in the South Pacific Ocean. It is commonly known as the "Rock of Polynesia", and inhabitants of the island call it "the Rock" for short. Niue is northeast of New Zealand in a triangle between Tonga to the southwest, the Samoas to the northwest, and the Cook Islands to...
    
     (associated state
    Associated state
    An associated state is the minor partner in a formal, free relationship between a political territory with a degree of statehood and a nation, for which no other specific term, such as protectorate, is adopted...
    
     of New Zealand)
    • Premier – Frank Lui
      Frank Lui
      Frank Fakaotimanava Lui, CNZM is a former Premier of the Pacific Island state of Niue. Frank Lui was elected into office in the General Elections of early 1993, taking over from the interim premiership of Young Vivian, which was put in place following the passing of long-serving Premier Sir Robert...
      
      , Premier of Niue
      Premier of Niue
      The Premier of Niue is Niue's head of government. He or she is elected by the Niue Assembly, and forms a Cabinet consisting of him- or herself and three other members of the Assembly....
      
       (1993–1999)
  • Tokelau
    Tokelau
    Tokelau is a territory of New Zealand in the South Pacific Ocean that consists of three tropical coral atolls with a combined land area of 10 km2 and a population of approximately 1,400...
    
     (dependent territory
    Dependent territory
    A dependent territory, dependent area or dependency is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a State, and remains politically outside of the controlling state's integral area....
    
     of New Zealand)
    • Administrator – Lindsay Watt, Administrator of Tokelau (1993–2003)
    • Head of Government –
      1. Falima Teao
         Falima Teao
         Falima Teao was the ulu, or head of government, of Tokelau from February 1997 to February 1998. He was also the faipule, or chief head of council, of the atoll of Fakaofo from January 1996 to January 1999...
         
         , Head of Government of Tokelau (1997–1998)
      2. Kuresa Nasau
         Kuresa Nasau
         Kuresa Nasau is a Tokelauan politician who currently serves as head of government . He has previously held the position five times. He is also faipule of Atafu...
         
         , Head of Government of Tokelau (1998–1999)
• Northern Mariana Islands
  Northern Mariana Islands
  The Northern Mariana Islands, officially the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands , is a commonwealth in political union with the United States, occupying a strategic region of the western Pacific Ocean. It consists of 15 islands about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to the Philippines...
  
   (Commonwealth
  Commonwealth (United States insular area)
  In the terminology of the United States insular areas, a Commonwealth is a type of organized but unincorporated dependent territory.The definition of "Commonwealth" according to current U.S. State Department policy reads: "The term 'Commonwealth' does not describe or provide for any specific...
  
   of the United States)
  • Governor –
    1. Froilan Tenorio
       Froilan Tenorio
       Froilan Cruz Tenorio was the fourth elected Governor of the United States Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Elected in 1993, he served one term, leaving office in 1998...
       
       , Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (1994–1998)
    2. Pedro Tenorio
       Pedro Tenorio
       Pedro P. Tenorio was the second and fifth elected Governor of the United States Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.Tenorio was born on Saipan. He graduated from George Washington High School in Guam and attended the University of Guam. He has worked as a schoolteacher, a shipping...
       
       , Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (1998–2002)
• Palau
  Palau
  Palau , officially the Republic of Palau , is an island nation in the Pacific Ocean, east of the Philippines and south of Tokyo. In 1978, after three decades as being part of the United Nations trusteeship, Palau chose independence instead of becoming part of the Federated States of Micronesia, a...
  
  
  • President – Kuniwo Nakamura
    Kuniwo Nakamura
    Kuniwo Nakamura was the President and foreign minister of Palau from 1993 until 2001.-Background and early life:Nakamura is the son of a Japanese immigrant from Matsusaka, Ise Province and a Palauan chieftain's daughter. He was studying in his second year of primary school when the surrender of...
    
    , President of Palau
    President of Palau
    -List of Presidents of Palau:-Latest election:-See also:*Vice-President of Palau*High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands...
    
     (1993–2001)
• Papua New Guinea
  Papua New Guinea
  Papua New Guinea , officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania, occupying the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and numerous offshore islands...
  
  
  • Monarch – Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–present)
  • Governor-General – Sir Silas Atopare
    Silas Atopare
    Sir Silas Atopare, GCL, GCMG was the seventh Governor-General of Papua New Guinea from November 1997 until November 2003.Atopare is a member Seventh-day Adventist Church. In 1998, he was knighted in the Order of St Michael and St George. In 2008 Sir Silas was appointed a Grand Chief in the Order...
    
    , Governor-General of Papua New Guinea
    Governor-General of Papua New Guinea
    The Governor-General of Papua New Guinea is the viceregal representative of Queen Elizabeth II, known in Tok Pisin as 'Missis Kwin', Papua New Guinea's head of state, performing the duties of the Queen in her absence...
    
     (1997–2003)
  • Prime Minister – Bill Skate
    Bill Skate
    Sir William Jack Skate KCMG was a Papua New Guinea politician and statesman. He was the son of an Australian father and a native PNG mother...
    
    , Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea
    Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea
    The Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea, is Papua New Guinea's head of government, consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the National Parliament. Since 2 August 2011, the Prime Minister has been Peter O’Neill of the People's National Congress Party.-List...
    
     (1997–1999)
• Pitcairn Islands
  Pitcairn Islands
  The Pitcairn Islands , officially named the Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands, form a group of four volcanic islands in the southern Pacific Ocean. The islands are a British Overseas Territory and overseas territory of the European Union in the Pacific...
  
   (British dependent territory)
  • Governor –
    1. Robert Alston
       Robert Alston
       Robert John Alston, CMG, QSO, DL is a retired British diplomat.Alston was educated at Ardingly College and New College, Oxford. He is presently Chairman of Governors at Ardingly College...
       
       , Governor of the Pitcairn Islands
       Governor of the Pitcairn Islands
       The Governor of the Pitcairn Islands is the representative of the British crown in the Pitcairn Islands, which are the last remaining British territory in the Pacific Ocean...
       
        (1994–1998)
    2. Martin Williams, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands
       Governor of the Pitcairn Islands
       The Governor of the Pitcairn Islands is the representative of the British crown in the Pitcairn Islands, which are the last remaining British territory in the Pacific Ocean...
       
        (1998–2001)
  • Mayor – Jay Warren
    Jay Warren
    Jay Calvin Warren is a political figure from the Pacific territory of the Pitcairn Islands.-Political roles:Jay Warren was elected Mayor of the last remaining British dependency in Oceania in the general election held on 15 December 2004, defeating Brenda Christian, who had held the Mayoralty in...
    
    , Magistrate of the Pitcairn Islands (1991–1999)
• Samoa
  Samoa
  Samoa , officially the Independent State of Samoa, formerly known as Western Samoa is a country encompassing the western part of the Samoan Islands in the South Pacific Ocean. It became independent from New Zealand in 1962. The two main islands of Samoa are Upolu and one of the biggest islands in...
  
  
  • Head of State – Malietoa Tanumafili II, O le Ao o le Malo of Samoa
    O le Ao o le Malo
    O le Ao o le Malo is the Samoan head of state, which is the title's rough translation....
    
     (1962–2007)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Tofilau Eti Alesana
       Tofilau Eti Alesana
       Tofilau Eti Alesana, AC, born Aualamalefalelima Alesana, was a Samoan politician. He was born in Vaitogi, Tutuila, American Samoa to a Samoan upper-class parents, Reverend James Alesana Fai'ivae and Vaoita Iosefa Mala'itai...
       
       , Prime Minister of Samoa
       Prime Minister of Samoa
       This is a list of Prime Ministers of Samoa from the establishment of that office in 1875 until the present day.-List of Prime Ministers of Samoa :-See also:*Samoa**Politics of Samoa...
       
        (1988–1998)
    2. Tuilaepa Sailele Malielegaoi, Prime Minister of Samoa
       Prime Minister of Samoa
       This is a list of Prime Ministers of Samoa from the establishment of that office in 1875 until the present day.-List of Prime Ministers of Samoa :-See also:*Samoa**Politics of Samoa...
       
        (1998–present)
• Solomon Islands
  Solomon Islands
  Solomon Islands is a sovereign state in Oceania, east of Papua New Guinea, consisting of nearly one thousand islands. It covers a land mass of . The capital, Honiara, is located on the island of Guadalcanal...
  
   –
  • Monarch – Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of the Solomon Islands
    Monarch of the Solomon Islands
    The monarchy of the Solomon Islands is a system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign of the Solomon Islands. The present monarch of the Solomon Islands is Queen Elizabeth II. The Solomon Islands share the Sovereign with a number of Commonwealth realms...
    
     (1978–present)
  • Governor-General – Sir Moses Pitakaka, Governor-General of the Solomon Islands
    Governor-General of the Solomon Islands
    The Governor-General of Solomon Islands is the representative of the Queen of Solomon Islands, Elizabeth II. The Queen does not reside in the islands, and so the Governor-General serves as the country's de facto head of state in her absence....
    
     (1994–1999)
  • Prime Minister – Bartholomew Ulufa'alu
    Bartholomew Ulufa'alu
    Bartholomew Ulufa'alu was the fifth Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands from 27 August 1997 to 30 June 2000....
    
    , Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands
    Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands
    The Prime Minister of Solomon Islands is Solomon Islands' head of government, consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the National Parliament. Solomon Islands is a Commonwealth realm. Since August 2010, the Prime Minister has been Danny Philip of the Reform...
    
     (1997–2000)
• Tonga
  Tonga
  Tonga, officially the Kingdom of Tonga , is a state and an archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, comprising 176 islands scattered over of ocean in the South Pacific...
  
   –
  • Monarch – Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965–2006)
  • Prime Minister – Baron Vaea, Prime Minister of Tonga
    Prime Minister of Tonga
    This is a list of Prime Ministers of Tonga from the establishment of that office in 1876 until the present day.-List of Premiers/Prime Ministers of Tonga :-External links:*...
    
     (1991–2000)
• Tuvalu
  Tuvalu
  Tuvalu , formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia. Its nearest neighbours are Kiribati, Nauru, Samoa and Fiji. It comprises four reef islands and five true atolls...
  
   –
  • Monarch – Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Tuvalu (1978–present)
  • Governor-General –
    1. Sir Tulaga Manuella
       Tulaga Manuella
       Sir Tulaga Manuella, GCMG, is a political figure from the Pacific nation of Tuvalu.-Background:Prior to embarking on a political role, Manuella was previously a civil service accountant and secretary of the Church of Tuvalu....
       
       , Governor-General of Tuvalu
       Governor-General of Tuvalu
       The Governor-General of Tuvalu is the representative of Queen Elizabeth II as Queen of Tuvalu, the nation's Head of State, and performs the duties of the Queen in her absence.-History:...
       
        (1994–1998)
    2. Sir Tomasi Puapua
       Tomasi Puapua
       Sir Tomasi Puapua, GCMG, KBE, PC is a political figure from the Pacific nation of Tuvalu.-Prime minister:He was the second Prime Minister of Tuvalu from 1981-1989...
       
       , Governor-General of Tuvalu
       Governor-General of Tuvalu
       The Governor-General of Tuvalu is the representative of Queen Elizabeth II as Queen of Tuvalu, the nation's Head of State, and performs the duties of the Queen in her absence.-History:...
       
        (1998–2003)
  • Prime Minister – Bikenibeu Paeniu
    Bikenibeu Paeniu
    The Rt Hon Bikenibeu Paeniu is a politician from Tuvalu. He has served twice as the third Prime Minister of Tuvalu.-Political career:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Tuvalu
    Prime Minister of Tuvalu
    The Prime Minister of Tuvalu is the head of government of Tuvalu. According to Tuvalu's constitution, the Prime Minister must always be a member of Parliament, and is elected by Parliament in a secret ballot. Because there are no political parties in Tuvalu, any member of Parliament can be...
    
     (1996–1999)
• Vanuatu
  Vanuatu
  Vanuatu , officially the Republic of Vanuatu , is an island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago, which is of volcanic origin, is some east of northern Australia, northeast of New Caledonia, west of Fiji, and southeast of the Solomon Islands, near New Guinea.Vanuatu was...
  
   –
  • President – Jean Marie Leye Lenelgau
    Jean Marie Leye Lenelgau
    Jean-Marie Léyé Lenelgau was President of Vanuatu from March 2, 1994 to March 2, 1999. In 1996 he was abducted by the Vanuatu Mobile Force over a pay dispute.-References:...
    
    , President of Vanuatu
    President of Vanuatu
    The President of Vanuatu is the head of state of Vanuatu. The President is elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and the presidents of the regional councils.The President's role is mostly ceremonial...
    
     (1994–1999)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Serge Vohor
       Serge Vohor
       Rialuth Serge Vohor is a politician from Vanuatu. He hails from the largest island of Vanuatu, Espiritu Santo, from Port Olry.He is a member of the Union of Moderate Parties, a conservative, Francophone political party. When his party came to power in 1991, Vohor became foreign minister of Vanuatu...
       
       , Prime Minister of Vanuatu (1996–1998)
    2. Donald Kalpokas
       Donald Kalpokas
       Donald Masike'Vanua Kalpokas is a ni-Vanuatu politician and diplomat who served as prime minister of Vanuatu twice.Kalpokas was born on Efate island. Along with Walter Lini he founded the Vanua'aku Pati a political party which supported political independence for Vanuatu, socialist policies, and...
       
       , Prime Minister of Vanuatu (1998–1999)
• Wallis and Futuna
  Wallis and Futuna
  Wallis and Futuna, officially the Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands , is a Polynesian French island territory in the South Pacific between Tuvalu to the northwest, Rotuma of Fiji to the west, the main part of Fiji to the southwest, Tonga to the southeast,...
  
   (French overseas territory)
  • Administrator-Superior –
    1. Claude Pierret, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna
       Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna
       The Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna is the representative of the President of the French Republic in Wallis and Futuna. The current Administrator is Michel Jeanjean...
       
        (1996–1998)
    2. Christian Dors, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna
       Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna
       The Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna is the representative of the President of the French Republic in Wallis and Futuna. The current Administrator is Michel Jeanjean...
       
        (1998–2000)
  • President of the Territorial Assembly – Victor Brial, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna
    Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna
    Wallis and Futuna elects on territorial level a legislature. The Territorial Assembly has 20 members, elected for a five year term by proportional representation in multi-seat constituencies....
    
     (1997–1999)

South America

• Argentina
  Argentina
  Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
  
  
  • President – Carlos Menem
    Carlos Menem
    Carlos Saúl Menem is an Argentine politician who was President of Argentina from 1989 to 1999. He is currently an Argentine National Senator for La Rioja Province.-Early life:...
    
    , President of Argentina (1989–1999)
• Bolivia
  Bolivia
  Bolivia officially known as Plurinational State of Bolivia , is a landlocked country in central South America. It is the poorest country in South America...
  
  
  • President – Hugo Banzer
    Hugo Banzer
    Hugo Banzer Suárez was a politician, military general, dictator and President of Bolivia. He held the Bolivian presidency twice: from August 22, 1971 to July 21, 1978, as a dictator; and then again from August 6, 1997 to August 7, 2001, as constitutional President.-Military and ideological...
    
    , President of Bolivia
    President of Bolivia
    The President of Bolivia is head of state and head of government of Bolivia. According to the current Constitution, the president is elected by popular vote to a five year term, renewable once...
    
     (1997–2001)
• Brazil
  Brazil
  Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
  
  
  • President – Fernando Henrique Cardoso
    Fernando Henrique Cardoso
    Fernando Henrique Cardoso – also known by his initials FHC – was the 34th President of the Federative Republic of Brazil for two terms from January 1, 1995 to December 31, 2002. He is an accomplished sociologist, professor and politician...
    
    , President of Brazil (1995–2003)
• Chile
  Chile
  Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...
  
  
  • President – Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle
    Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle
    Eduardo Alfredo Juan Bernardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle is a Chilean politician and civil engineer who was President of Chile from 1994 to 2000. He is currently Senator for Los Ríos and was President of the Senate from 2006 to 2008. He attempted a comeback as the candidate of the ruling Concertación...
    
    , President of Chile
    President of Chile
    The President of the Republic of Chile is both the head of state and the head of government of the Republic of Chile. The President is responsible of the government and state administration...
    
     (1994–2000)
• Colombia
  Colombia
  Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia , is a unitary constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. The country is located in northwestern South America, bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the...
  
  
  • President –
    1. Ernesto Samper
       Ernesto Samper
       Ernesto Samper Pizano is a Colombian politician. He served as the President of Colombia from August 7, 1994 to August 7, 1998, representing the Liberal Party. He was involved in the 8000 process scandal, which takes its name from the folio number assigned to it by the chief prosecutor's office...
       
       , President of Colombia (1994–1998)
    2. Andrés Pastrana Arango
       Andrés Pastrana Arango
       Andrés Pastrana Arango was the President of Colombia from 1998 to 2002, following in the footsteps of his father, Misael Pastrana, who was president from 1970 to 1974.-Early years:...
       
       , President of Colombia (1998–2002)
• Ecuador
  Ecuador
  Ecuador , officially the Republic of Ecuador is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is one of only two countries in South America, along with Chile, that do not have a border...
  
  
  • President –
    1. Fabián Alarcón
       Fabián Alarcón
       Fabián Ernesto Alarcón Rivera was President of Ecuador from 6 February 1997 to 9 February 1997 and from February 11, 1997 to August 10, 1998....
       
       , President of Ecuador (1997–1998)
    2. Jamil Mahuad
       Jamil Mahuad
       Jorge Jamil Mahuad Witt is an Ecuadorian lawyer and politician and the 51st President of Ecuador from August 10, 1998 to January 21, 2000. There was a severe economic crisis in Ecuador , which had led to a 60% cut in the armed forces budget...
       
       , President of Ecuador (1998–2000)
• Falkland Islands
  Falkland Islands
  The Falkland Islands are an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean, located about from the coast of mainland South America. The archipelago consists of East Falkland, West Falkland and 776 lesser islands. The capital, Stanley, is on East Falkland...
  
   (British dependent territory)
  • Governor – Richard Ralph
    Richard Ralph
    Richard Peter Ralph, CMG, CVO, was a former British Diplomat and Ambassador to Peru. From 1999 until 2002 Raplh served as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Romania and Moldova...
    
    , Governor of the Falkland Islands
    Governor of the Falkland Islands
    The Governor of the Falkland Islands is the representative of the British Crown in the Falkland Islands, acting "in Her Majesty's name and on Her Majesty's behalf" as the islands' de facto head of state in the absence of the British monarch...
    
     (1996–1999)
  • Chief Executive – Andrew Gurr
    Andrew Gurr (governor)
    Andrew Murray Gurr is the current Governor of Saint Helena. He took up office on 11 November 2007 in a ceremony in Jamestown at which he declared his commitment to Saint Helena and dependencies in his inaugural speech...
    
    , Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands
    Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands
    The Chief Executive of the Falklands Islands is the head of government of the Falkland Islands, as well as head of the public service responsible for the efficient and effective management of the Falkland Islands Government...
    
     (1994–1999)
• Guyana
  Guyana
  Guyana , officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, previously the colony of British Guiana, is a sovereign state on the northern coast of South America that is culturally part of the Anglophone Caribbean. Guyana was a former colony of the Dutch and of the British...
  
   –
  • President – Janet Jagan
    Janet Jagan
    Janet Jagan was an American-born socialist politician who was President of Guyana from December 19, 1997, to August 11, 1999. She previously served as Prime Minister of Guyana from March 17, 1997, to December 19, 1997....
    
    , President of Guyana (1997–1999)
  • Prime Minister – Sam Hinds
    Sam Hinds
    Samuel Archibald Anthony Hinds is a Guyanese politician who has been Prime Minister of Guyana almost continuously since 1992...
    
    , Prime Minister of Guyana (1997–1999)
• Paraguay
  Paraguay
  Paraguay , officially the Republic of Paraguay , is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. Paraguay lies on both banks of the Paraguay River, which runs through the center of the...
  
  
  • President –
  1. Juan Carlos Wasmosy
     Juan Carlos Wasmosy
     Juan Carlos Wasmosy Monti was the President of Paraguay from 1993 until 1998. He was a member of the Colorado Party, and the country's first civilian president in 39 years....
     
     , President of Paraguay (1993–1998)
  2. Raúl Cubas Grau
     Raúl Cubas Grau
     Raúl Alberto Cubas Grau is a Paraguayan politician. He served as the President of Paraguay from 1998 until 1999. He was a member of the Colorado Party...
     
     , President of Paraguay (1998–1999)
• Peru
  Peru
  Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
  
   –
  • President – Alberto Fujimori
    Alberto Fujimori
    Alberto Fujimori Fujimori served as President of Peru from 28 July 1990 to 17 November 2000. A controversial figure, Fujimori has been credited with the creation of Fujimorism, uprooting terrorism in Peru and restoring its macroeconomic stability, though his methods have drawn charges of...
    
    , President of Peru (1990–2000)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Alberto Pandolfi, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (1996–1998)
    2. Javier Valle Riestra
       Javier Valle Riestra
       Javier Maximiliano Alfredo Hipólito Valle Riestra González Olaechea, , is a Peruvian politician and a Congressman representing Lima for the 2006-2011 term. Valle Riestra belongs to the Peruvian Aprista Party. He was Prime Minister of Peru in 1998 during Alberto Fujimori's administration.-External...
       
       , President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (1998)
    3. Alberto Pandolfi, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (1998–1999)
• Suriname
  Suriname
  Suriname , officially the Republic of Suriname , is a country in northern South America. It borders French Guiana to the east, Guyana to the west, Brazil to the south, and on the north by the Atlantic Ocean. Suriname was a former colony of the British and of the Dutch, and was previously known as...
  
  
  • President – Jules Wijdenbosch
    Jules Wijdenbosch
    Jules Albert Wijdenbosch is a politician in Suriname. He was a member of the National Democratic Party, which held absolute power in Suriname during the 1980s. He was Prime Minister from April 1987 until January 1988, Vice President from January 1991 until September 1991, and President from...
    
    , President of Suriname
    President of Suriname
    The President of the Republic of Suriname is, in accordance with the Constitution of 1987, the head of state, head of government, and commander-in-chief of Suriname....
    
     (1996–2000)
• Uruguay
  Uruguay
  Uruguay ,officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay,sometimes the Eastern Republic of Uruguay; ) is a country in the southeastern part of South America. It is home to some 3.5 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the capital Montevideo and its metropolitan area...
  
  
  • President – Julio María Sanguinetti, President of Uruguay (1995–2000)
• Venezuela
  Venezuela
  Venezuela , officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It borders Colombia to the west, Guyana to the east, and Brazil to the south...
  
  
  • President – Rafael Caldera
    Rafael Caldera
    Rafael Antonio Caldera Rodríguez was president of Venezuela from 1969 to 1974 and again from 1994 to 1999.Caldera taught sociology and law at various universities before entering politics. He was a founding member of COPEI, Venezuela's Christian Democratic party...
    
    , President of Venezuela (1994–1999)