Africa

• Algeria
  Algeria
  Algeria , officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria , also formally referred to as the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of Northwest Africa with Algiers as its capital.In terms of land area, it is the largest country in Africa and the Arab...
  
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  • Head of State - Ali Kafi
    Ali Kafi
    Ali Hussain Kafi was chairman of the High Council of State of Algeria from July 2, 1992 to January 31, 1994. He was selected as chairman four days after the death of Muhammad Boudiaf....
    
    , Chairman of the High Council of State of Algeria (1992–1994)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Belaid Abdessalam
       Belaid Abdessalam
       Belaid Abdessalam is an Algerian politician. He was a nationalist leader in the FLN during Algeria's struggle for independence from France...
       
       , Prime Minister of Algeria
       Prime Minister of Algeria
       The Prime Minister is the head of government of Algeria.The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Algeria, along with other ministers and members of the government that the new Prime Minister recommends. The People's National Assembly must approve the legislative program of the new...
       
        (1992–1993)
    2. Redha Malek
       Redha Malek
       Redha Malek was Prime Minister of Algeria from August 21, 1993 to April 1994. In his short term of office, which came in the early years of the Algerian Civil War, he pursued a hardline anti-Islamist policy and successfully negotiated debt relief with the International Monetary Fund , following...
       
       , Prime Minister of Algeria
       Prime Minister of Algeria
       The Prime Minister is the head of government of Algeria.The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Algeria, along with other ministers and members of the government that the new Prime Minister recommends. The People's National Assembly must approve the legislative program of the new...
       
        (1993–1994)
• Angola
  Angola
  Angola, officially the Republic of Angola , is a country in south-central Africa bordered by Namibia on the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the north, and Zambia on the east; its west coast is on the Atlantic Ocean with Luanda as its capital city...
  
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  • President - José Eduardo dos Santos
    José Eduardo dos Santos
    José Eduardo dos Santos is an Angolan politician who has been the second and current President of Angola since 1979. As President, José Eduardo dos Santos is also the commander in chief of the Angolan Armed Forces and president of the MPLA , the party that has been ruling Angola since...
    
    , President of Angola
    President of Angola
    The President of the Republic of Angola is both head of state and head of government in Angola. While the President appoints a Prime Minister, executive authority usually belongs to the President....
    
     (1979–present)
  • Prime Minister - Marcolino Moco
    Marcolino Moco
    Marcolino Moco was the Prime Minister of Angola from December 2, 1992 until June 3, 1996. Moco was fired from his role by President José Eduardo dos Santos. Santos removed the entire cabinet alongside the Governor of the central bank in a bid to be seen as decisive...
    
    , Prime Minister of Angola
    Prime Minister of Angola
    The Prime Minister of Angola is a high government official in Angola, but is not the head of government.Along with the rest of the Council of Ministers, the Prime Minister is appointed by the President. The position was originally created when Angola achieved independence from Portugal on 11...
    
     (1992–1996)
• Benin
  Benin
  Benin , officially the Republic of Benin, is a country in West Africa. It borders Togo to the west, Nigeria to the east and Burkina Faso and Niger to the north. Its small southern coastline on the Bight of Benin is where a majority of the population is located...
  
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  • President - Nicéphore Soglo
    Nicéphore Soglo
    Nicéphore Dieudonné Soglo is a Beninois politician who was Prime Minister of Benin from 1990 to 1991 and President from 1991 to 1996. He has been the Mayor of Cotonou since 2003.-Biography:Soglo was born in Togo...
    
    , President of Benin (1991–1996)
• Botswana
  Botswana
  Botswana, officially the Republic of Botswana , is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa. The citizens are referred to as "Batswana" . Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name after becoming independent within the Commonwealth on 30 September 1966...
  
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  • President - Sir Quett Masire
    Quett Masire
    Quett Ketumile Joni Masire, GCMG was the second President of Botswana for the Botswana Democratic Party from 1980 to 1998. He stepped down and was succeeded by the then Vice-President of Botswana, Festus Mogae, who became the third President of Botswana...
    
    , President of Botswana
    Heads of state of Botswana
    -Presidents of Botswana :- Affiliations :- See also :*Heads of government of Botswana*Vice-President of Botswana*Colonial heads of Botswana *Lists of office-holders...
    
     (1980–1998)
• Burkina Faso
  Burkina Faso
  Burkina Faso – also known by its short-form name Burkina – is a landlocked country in west Africa. It is surrounded by six countries: Mali to the north, Niger to the east, Benin to the southeast, Togo and Ghana to the south, and Côte d'Ivoire to the southwest.Its size is with an estimated...
  
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  • President - Blaise Compaoré
    Blaise Compaoré
    Blaise Compaoré has been the President of Burkina Faso since 1987 following a coup d'état that ousted then-President Thomas Sankara. In 2011, a mutiny by soldiers over unpaid housing allowances forced him to flee the capital for his hometown...
    
    , President of Burkina Faso
    Heads of state of Burkina Faso
    -List of heads of state of Burkina Faso:-Affiliations:-Latest election:-See also:*Burkina Faso**Heads of government of Burkina Faso**Colonial heads of Burkina Faso...
    
     (1987–present)
  • Prime Minister - Youssouf Ouédraogo
    Youssouf Ouédraogo
    Youssouf Ouédraogo is a politician in Burkina Faso. In 1992 he became the first Prime Minister of Burkina Faso since 1983, serving from June 16, 1992 to March 22, 1994. From January 1999 to June 2007 he was the Minister of State for Foreign Affairs...
    
    , Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (1992–1994)
• Burundi
  Burundi
  Burundi , officially the Republic of Burundi , is a landlocked country in the Great Lakes region of Eastern Africa bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. Its capital is Bujumbura...
  
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  • President -
    1. Pierre Buyoya
       Pierre Buyoya
       Major Pierre Buyoya is a Burundian politician who has ruled Burundi twice, from 1987 to 1993 and from 1996 to 2003...
       
       , President of Burundi (1987–1993)
    2. Melchior Ndadaye
       Melchior Ndadaye
       Melchior Ndadaye was a Burundian intellectual and politician. He was the first democratically elected and first Hutu president of Burundi after winning the landmark 1993 election...
       
       , President of Burundi (1993)
    3. François Ngeze
       François Ngeze
       François Ngeze was the head of state of Burundi from 21 October 1993 to 27 October 1993. He was chosen by the military Committee of Public Salvation, a group of army officers that overthrew the democratically elected government of president Melchior Ndadaye .Ngeze, one of the few prominent Hutu...
       
       , Chairman of the Committee of Public Salvation of Burundi (1993)
    4. Sylvie Kinigi
       Sylvie Kinigi
       Sylvie Kinigi was Prime Minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, the first and to date only woman to hold the position.-Biography:...
       
       , Acting President of Burundi (1993–1994)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Adrien Sibomana
       Adrien Sibomana
       Adrien Sibomana was the prime minister of Burundi from October 19, 1988 until July 10, 1993. He was a member of UPRONA. He is an ethnic Hutu and was appointed by the Tutsi President Pierre Buyoya in an unsuccessful attempt to appease Hutus by giving a few high government posts to them...
       
       , Prime Minister of Burundi
       Heads of government of Burundi
       -List of Heads of Government of Burundi:-Affiliations:-See also:*Burundi**Kings of Burundi**Presidents of Burundi**Vice-Presidents of Burundi**Provincial governors of Burundi...
       
        (1988–1993)
    2. Sylvie Kinigi
       Sylvie Kinigi
       Sylvie Kinigi was Prime Minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, the first and to date only woman to hold the position.-Biography:...
       
       , Prime Minister of Burundi
       Heads of government of Burundi
       -List of Heads of Government of Burundi:-Affiliations:-See also:*Burundi**Kings of Burundi**Presidents of Burundi**Vice-Presidents of Burundi**Provincial governors of Burundi...
       
        (1993–1994)
• Cameroon
  Cameroon
  Cameroon, officially the Republic of Cameroon , is a country in west Central Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west; Chad to the northeast; the Central African Republic to the east; and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of the Congo to the south. Cameroon's coastline lies on the...
  
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  • President - Paul Biya
    Paul Biya
    Paul Biya is a Cameroonian politician who has been the President of Cameroon since 6 November 1982. A native of Cameroon's south, Biya rose rapidly as a bureaucrat under President Ahmadou Ahidjo in the 1960s, serving as Secretary-General of the Presidency from 1968 to 1975 and then as Prime...
    
    , President of Cameroon
    Heads of state of Cameroon
    -Presidents of Cameroon :-Affiliations:-Latest election:-See also:*Politics of Cameroon*Heads of government of Cameroon*Colonial heads of Cameroon...
    
     (1982–present)
  • Prime Minister - Simon Achidi Achu
    Simon Achidi Achu
    "Pa" Simon Achidi Achu is a Cameroonian politician who served as the Prime Minister of Cameroon from 1992 to 1996. A leading member of the Cameroon People's Democratic Movement , he is currently the Chairman of the National Investment Corporation.-Biography:Achidi Achu was born in Bamenda and grew...
    
    , Prime Minister of Cameroon
    Prime Minister of Cameroon
    Under the current constitution of Cameroon, the Prime Minister of Cameroon is a relatively powerless executive. While the Prime Minister is officially appointed to be the head of government, the President retains most of the executive power and can fire the Prime Minister at will.-History:The...
    
     (1992–1996)
• Cape Verde
  Cape Verde
  The Republic of Cape Verde is an island country, spanning an archipelago of 10 islands located in the central Atlantic Ocean, 570 kilometres off the coast of Western Africa...
  
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  • President - António Mascarenhas Monteiro
    António Mascarenhas Monteiro
    António Manuel Mascarenhas Gomes Monteiro was the President of Cape Verde from March 22, 1991 to March 22, 2001.-Education:Monteiro went to university in Belgium and graduated with his law degree from the Catholic University of Leuven...
    
    , President of Cape Verde
    Heads of state of Cape Verde
    -Presidents of Cape Verde :-Affiliations:-Latest election:- See also :*Cape Verde**Heads of government of Cape Verde**Colonial heads of Cape Verde...
    
     (1991–2001)
  • Prime Minister - Carlos Veiga
    Carlos Veiga
    Carlos Alberto Wahnon de Carvalho Veiga is a Cape Verdean politician. He was Prime Minister of Cape Verde from April 4, 1991 to July 29, 2000, and he unsuccessfully ran for President as the candidate of the Movement for Democracy in 2001 and 2006....
    
    , Prime Minister of Cape Verde
    Heads of government of Cape Verde
    -Prime Ministers of Cape Verde :-Affiliations:-See also:*Cape Verde**Heads of state of Cape Verde**Colonial heads of Cape Verde**List of political parties in Cape Verde...
    
     (1991–2000)
• Central African Republic
  Central African Republic
  The Central African Republic , is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It borders Chad in the north, Sudan in the north east, South Sudan in the east, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo in the south, and Cameroon in the west. The CAR covers a land area of about ,...
  
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  • President -
    1. André Kolingba
       André Kolingba
       André-Dieudonné Kolingba was the fourth president of the Central African Republic , from 1 September 1981 until 1 October 1993. He took power from President David Dacko in a bloodless coup d'état in 1981 and lost power to Ange-Félix Patassé in a democratic election held in 1993...
       
       , President of the Central African Republic (1981–1993)
    2. Ange-Félix Patassé
       Ange-Félix Patassé
       Ange-Félix Patassé was a Central African politician who was President of the Central African Republic from 1993 until 2003, when he was deposed by the rebel leader François Bozizé...
       
       , President of the Central African Republic (1993–2003)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Timothée Malendoma
       Timothée Malendoma
       Timothée Malendoma was a Central African politician who served as the Prime Minister of the Central African Republic from 4 December 1992 to 26 February 1993...
       
       , Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (1992–1993)
    2. Enoch Derant Lakoué
       Enoch Derant Lakoué
       Enoch Derant Lakoué was Prime Minister of the Central African Republic from 26 February 1993 to 25 October 1993. He was the candidate of the Social Democratic Party in the August 1993 presidential election, receiving 2.39% of the vote, and again in the September 1999 presidential election,...
       
       , Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (1993)
    3. Jean-Luc Mandaba
       Jean-Luc Mandaba
       Jean-Luc Mandaba was Prime Minister of the Central African Republic from 25 October 1993 to 12 April 1995 under president Ange-Félix Patassé....
       
       , Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (1993–1995)
• Chad
  Chad
  Chad , officially known as the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west...
  
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  • President - Idriss Déby
    Idriss Déby
    General Idriss Déby Itno is the President of Chad and the head of the Patriotic Salvation Movement. Déby is of the Bidyat clan of the Zaghawa ethnic group. He added "Itno" to his surname in January 2006.-Rise to power:...
    
    , President of Chad
    Heads of state of Chad
    -List of Heads of State of Chad:-Affiliations:-External links:**...
    
     (1990–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Joseph Yodoyman
       Joseph Yodoyman
       Joseph Yodoyman was a Chadian politician and civil servant, who held the post of Prime Minister under President Idriss Déby from 1992 to 1993....
       
       , Prime Minister of Chad (1992–1993)
    2. Fidèle Moungar
       Fidèle Moungar
       Fidèle Abdelkérim Moungar is a Chadian doctor and a veteran politician who served as Prime Minister of Chad in 1993. He is currently Secretary-General of Chadian Action for Unity and Socialism , a left-wing opposition party....
       
       , Prime Minister of Chad (1993)
    3. Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye
       Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye
       Nouradine Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye is a Chadian politician and the head of the National Rally for Development and Progress political party. After serving as a minister in the government during the 1980s and early 1990s; he was Prime Minister of Chad from November 6, 1993 to April 8, 1995 and again...
       
       , Prime Minister of Chad (1993–1995)
• Comoros
  Comoros
  The Comoros , officially the Union of the Comoros is an archipelago island nation in the Indian Ocean, located off the eastern coast of Africa, on the northern end of the Mozambique Channel, between northeastern Mozambique and northwestern Madagascar...
  
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  • President - Said Mohamed Djohar
    Said Mohamed Djohar
    Said Mohammed Djohar was a Comorian politician who served as President of the Comoros during the 1990s.-Climb to power:...
    
    , President of Comoros
    Heads of state of Comoros
    -List of Heads of State of the Comoros:- Affiliations :-See also:*Comoros**Heads of government of the Comoros**Colonial heads of the Comoros*Lists of office-holders...
    
     (1989–1995)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Ibrahim Halidi
       Ibrahim Halidi
       Ibrahim Halidi is a long-time politician in Comoros. Halidi was the Prime Minister of Comoros from January to May 1993. Halidi also ran for president in May 2006 with the backing of the outgoing president, Azali Assoumani. In the first round of the election, Halidi finished in third place with...
       
       , Prime Minister of Comoros
       Heads of government of the Comoros
       -List of Heads of Government of the Comoros:-Affiliations:-See also:*Comoros**Heads of state of the Comoros**Colonial heads of the Comoros*Lists of office-holders...
       
        (1993)
    2. Said Ali Mohamed, Prime Minister of Comoros
       Heads of government of the Comoros
       -List of Heads of Government of the Comoros:-Affiliations:-See also:*Comoros**Heads of state of the Comoros**Colonial heads of the Comoros*Lists of office-holders...
       
        (1993)
    3. Ahmed Ben Cheikh Attoumane
       Ahmed Ben Cheikh Attoumane
       Ahmed Ben Cheikh Attoumane is a former politician in the Comoros. A former presidential adviser, he served as Prime Minister of Comoros from 20 June 1993 until 2 January 1994, leaving his post amid a domestic crisis that saw public unrest. He replaced Saïd Ali Mohamed as Prime Minister.-References:...
       
       , Prime Minister of Comoros
       Heads of government of the Comoros
       -List of Heads of Government of the Comoros:-Affiliations:-See also:*Comoros**Heads of state of the Comoros**Colonial heads of the Comoros*Lists of office-holders...
       
        (1993–1994)
• Congo
  Republic of the Congo
  The Republic of the Congo , sometimes known locally as Congo-Brazzaville, is a state in Central Africa. It is bordered by Gabon, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo , the Angolan exclave province of Cabinda, and the Gulf of Guinea.The region was dominated by...
  
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  • President - Pascal Lissouba
    Pascal Lissouba
    Pascal Lissouba was the first democratically elected President of the Republic of the Congo from August 31, 1992 to October 15, 1997. He was overthrown by the current President Denis Sassou Nguesso in the 1997 civil war....
    
    , President of Congo
    Heads of state of the Republic of the Congo
    -List of Heads of State of the Republic of the Congo :-Affiliations:-See also:*Congo*Republic of the Congo**List of heads of government of the Republic of the Congo...
    
     (1992–1997)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Claude Antoine Dacosta, Prime Minister of Congo (1992–1993)
    2. Joachim Yhombi-Opango
       Joachim Yhombi-Opango
       Jacques Joachim Yhombi Opango is a Congolese politician. He was an army officer who became Congo-Brazzaville's first general and served as Head of State of Congo-Brazzaville from 1977 to 1979. He is currently the President of the Rally for Democracy and Development , a political party, and served...
       
       , Prime Minister of Congo (1993–1996)
• Côte d'Ivoire
  Côte d'Ivoire
  The Republic of Côte d'Ivoire or Ivory Coast is a country in West Africa. It has an area of , and borders the countries Liberia, Guinea, Mali, Burkina Faso and Ghana; its southern boundary is along the Gulf of Guinea. The country's population was 15,366,672 in 1998 and was estimated to be...
  
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  • President -
    1. Félix Houphouët-Boigny
       Félix Houphouët-Boigny
       Félix Houphouët-Boigny , affectionately called Papa Houphouët or Le Vieux, was the first President of Côte d'Ivoire. Originally a village chief, he worked as a doctor, an administrator of a plantation, and a union leader, before being elected to the French Parliament and serving in a number of...
       
       , President of Côte d'Ivoire
       Heads of state of Côte d'Ivoire
       -Presidents of Côte d'Ivoire :-Affiliations:-See also:*Côte d'Ivoire**Heads of government of Côte d'Ivoire**Colonial heads of the Côte d'Ivoire...
       
        (1960–1993)
    2. Henri Konan Bédié
       Henri Konan Bédié
       Aimé Henri Konan Bédié is an Ivorian politician. He was President of Côte d'Ivoire from 1993 to 1999, and he is currently the President of the Democratic Party of Côte d'Ivoire - African Democratic Rally .-Biography:...
       
       , President of Côte d'Ivoire
       Heads of state of Côte d'Ivoire
       -Presidents of Côte d'Ivoire :-Affiliations:-See also:*Côte d'Ivoire**Heads of government of Côte d'Ivoire**Colonial heads of the Côte d'Ivoire...
       
        (1993–1999)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Alassane Ouattara
       Alassane Ouattara
       Alassane Dramane Ouattara is an Ivorian politician who has been President of Côte d'Ivoire since 2011. An economist by profession, Ouattara worked for the International Monetary Fund and the Central Bank of West African States , and he was the Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire from November 1990 to...
       
       , Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire
       Heads of government of Côte d'Ivoire
       -Prime Ministers of Côte d'Ivoire :-Affiliations:-Sources:*http://www.rulers.org* Guinness Book of Kings Rulers & Statesmen, Clive Carpenter, Guinness Superlatives Ltd...
       
        (1990–1993)
    2. Daniel Kablan Duncan
       Daniel Kablan Duncan
       Daniel Kablan Duncan is a Ivorian politician who was Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire from 11 December 1993 to 24 December 1999. Since June 2011, he has served in the government as Minister of Foreign Affairs....
       
       , Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire
       Heads of government of Côte d'Ivoire
       -Prime Ministers of Côte d'Ivoire :-Affiliations:-Sources:*http://www.rulers.org* Guinness Book of Kings Rulers & Statesmen, Clive Carpenter, Guinness Superlatives Ltd...
       
        (1993–1999)
• Djibouti
  Djibouti
  Djibouti , officially the Republic of Djibouti , is a country in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Eritrea in the north, Ethiopia in the west and south, and Somalia in the southeast. The remainder of the border is formed by the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden at the east...
  
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  • President - Hassan Gouled Aptidon
    Hassan Gouled Aptidon
    Hassan Gouled Aptidon was the first President of Djibouti from 1977 to 1999.-Biography:...
    
    , President of Djibouti
    Heads of state of Djibouti
    -Presidents of Djibouti :-Affiliations:-See also:*Djibouti**Heads of government of Djibouti*French Territory of the Afars and the Issas *French Somaliland...
    
     (1977–1999)
  • Prime Minister - Barkat Gourad Hamadou
    Barkat Gourad Hamadou
    Barkat Gourad Hamadou was the Prime Minister of Djibouti from 2 October 1978 until 7 March 2001.-Political career:Hamadou is a member of the Afar ethnic group and was born in Dikhil Region, in the southwest of Djibouti...
    
    , Prime Minister of Djibouti
    Heads of government of Djibouti
    -Prime Ministers of Djibouti :-Affiliations:-See also:*Djibouti**Heads of state of Djibouti*French Territory of the Afars and the Issas *French Somaliland...
    
     (1978–2001)
• Egypt
  Egypt
  Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...
  
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  • President - Hosni Mubarak
    Hosni Mubarak
    Muhammad Hosni Sayyid Mubarak is a former Egyptian politician and military commander. He served as the fourth President of Egypt from 1981 to 2011....
    
    , President of Egypt
    President of Egypt
    The President of the Arab Republic of Egypt is the head of state of Egypt.Under the Constitution of Egypt, the president is also the supreme commander of the armed forces and head of the executive branch of the Egyptian government....
    
     (1981–2011)
  • Prime Minister - Atef Sedki
    Atef Sedki
    Atef Muhammad Naguib Sedki was the Prime Minister of Egypt from 1986 until 1996. He replaced Ali Mahmoud Lutfi on November 10, 1986.-Biography:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Egypt (1986–1996)
• Equatorial Guinea
  Equatorial Guinea
  Equatorial Guinea, officially the Republic of Equatorial Guinea where the capital Malabo is situated.Annobón is the southernmost island of Equatorial Guinea and is situated just south of the equator. Bioko island is the northernmost point of Equatorial Guinea. Between the two islands and to the...
  
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  • President - Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
    Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
    Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo is an Equatoguinean politician who has been President of Equatorial Guinea since 1979. He ousted his uncle, Francisco Macías Nguema, in an August 1979 military coup and has overseen Equatorial Guinea's emergence as an important oil producer, beginning in the 1990s...
    
    , President of Equatorial Guinea
    Heads of state of Equatorial Guinea
    -Presidents of Equatorial Guinea :-Affiliations:-See also:*Equatorial Guinea**Heads of government of Equatorial Guinea...
    
     (1979–present)
  • Prime Minister - Silvestre Siale Bileka
    Silvestre Siale Bileka
    Silvestre Siale Bileka is an Equato-Guinean politician. Bileka served as Prime Minister from 4 March 1992 to 1 April 1996. He is a member of the Partido Democrático de Guinea Ecuatorial . Bileka also served as President of the Supreme Court, tendering his resignation to President Teodoro Obiang...
    
    , Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea
    Heads of government of Equatorial Guinea
    -Prime Ministers of Equatorial Guinea :-Affiliations:-See also:*Equatorial Guinea**Heads of state of Equatorial Guinea...
    
     (1992–1996)
• Eritrea
  Eritrea
  Eritrea , officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa. Eritrea derives it's name from the Greek word Erethria, meaning 'red land'. The capital is Asmara. It is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast...
  
  
  • gained independence on 24 May 1993
  • President - Isaias Afewerki
    Isaias Afewerki
    Isaias Afewerki is the first and current President of Eritrea, attaining that status when he led the Eritrean People's Liberation Front to victory in May 1991, thus ending the 30-year old armed liberation struggle that the Eritrean people refer to as "Gedli".-Early life and rise to power:Afewerki...
    
    , President of Eritrea
    Heads of state of Eritrea
    This page contains a list of the heads of state of Eritrea.-Presidents of Eritrea :-Affiliations:-External links:*...
    
     (1991–present)
• Ethiopia
  Ethiopia
  Ethiopia , officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is the second-most populous nation in Africa, with over 82 million inhabitants, and the tenth-largest by area, occupying 1,100,000 km2...
  
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  • President - Meles Zenawi
    Meles Zenawi
    Meles Zenawi Asres is the Prime Minister of Ethiopia. Since 1985, he has been chairman of the Tigrayan Peoples' Liberation Front , and is currently head of the ruling Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front .Meles was born in Adwa, Tigray in Northern Ethiopia, to an Ethiopian father from...
    
    , Interim President of Ethiopia (1991–1995)
  • Prime Minister - Tamirat Layne
    Tamirat Layne
    Tamirat Layne is an Ethiopian politician. During the 1980s, he was a leader of the Ethiopian People's Democratic Movement , one of the groups who fought against Ethiopian dictator Mengistu Haile Mariam in the Ethiopian Civil War.When Mengistu was overthrown in 1991, Layne became one of the...
    
    , Acting Prime Minister of Ethiopia
    Heads of government of Ethiopia
    This page contains a list of the Prime Ministers of Ethiopia.-Heads of Government of Ethiopia :-Affiliations:-See also:*List of Emperors of Ethiopia...
    
     (1991–1995)
• Gabon
  Gabon
  Gabon , officially the Gabonese Republic is a state in west central Africa sharing borders with Equatorial Guinea to the northwest, Cameroon to the north, and with the Republic of the Congo curving around the east and south. The Gulf of Guinea, an arm of the Atlantic Ocean is to the west...
  
   -
  • President - Omar Bongo
    Omar Bongo
    El Hadj Omar Bongo Ondimba , born as Albert-Bernard Bongo, was a Gabonese politician who was President of Gabon for 42 years from 1967 until his death in office in 2009....
    
    , President of Gabon
    Heads of state of Gabon
    -Presidents of Gabon :-Affiliations:-Sources:* http://www.rulers.org/rulg1.html#gabon...
    
     (1967–2009)
  • Prime Minister - Casimir Oyé-Mba
    Casimir Oyé-Mba
    Casimir Marie Ange Oyé-Mba is a Gabonese politician. After serving as Governor of the Bank of Central African States from 1978 to 1990, Oyé-Mba was Prime Minister of Gabon from 3 May 1990 to 2 November 1994...
    
    , Prime Minister of Gabon
    Heads of government of Gabon
    -Prime Ministers of Gabon :-Affiliations:- Sources :* http://www.rulers.org/rulg1.html#gabon...
    
     (1990–1994)
• The Gambia
  The Gambia
  The Republic of The Gambia, commonly referred to as The Gambia, or Gambia , is a country in West Africa. Gambia is the smallest country on mainland Africa, surrounded by Senegal except for a short coastline on the Atlantic Ocean in the west....
  
   -
  • President - Sir Dawda Jawara
    Dawda Jawara
    Sir Dawda Kairaba Jawara, GCMG was the first leader of The Gambia, serving first as Prime Minister from 1962 to 1970 and then as President from 1970 to 1994....
    
    , President of The Gambia
    Heads of state of the Gambia
    -Heads of State of The Gambia :-Affiliations:*PPP - People's Progressive Party*APRC - Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction*Mil - Military of the Gambia...
    
     (1970–1994)
• Ghana
  Ghana
  Ghana , officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country located in West Africa. It is bordered by Côte d'Ivoire to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, Togo to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea to the south...
  
  
  • President - Jerry Rawlings
    Jerry Rawlings
    Jerry John Rawlings is a former leader of the Republic of Ghana and now the African Union envoy to Somalia. Rawlings ruled Ghana as a military dictator in 1979 and from 1981 to 1992 and then as the first elected president of the Fourth Republic from 1993 to 2001...
    
    , President of Ghana
    Heads of state of Ghana
    Prior to independence in 1957, Ghana was known as the British colony of Gold Coast. Before then it had been divided among a number of states, by far the largest of which was the Ashanti Empire, whose rulers were known as the Asantehene....
    
     (1981–2001)
• Guinea
  Guinea
  Guinea , officially the Republic of Guinea , is a country in West Africa. Formerly known as French Guinea , it is today sometimes called Guinea-Conakry to distinguish it from its neighbour Guinea-Bissau. Guinea is divided into eight administrative regions and subdivided into thirty-three prefectures...
  
   -
  • President - Lansana Conté
    Lansana Conté
    Lansana Conté was the second President of Guinea from 3 April 1984 until his death. He was a Muslim and a member of the Susu ethnic group.-Early life:...
    
    , President of Guinea
    Heads of state of Guinea
    -List of Heads of State of Guinea:For Colonial Heads prior to independence, see: Colonial Heads of Guinea-Affiliations:-Latest election:-See also:*Guinea**Colonial Heads of Guinea...
    
     (1984–2008)
• Guinea-Bissau
  Guinea-Bissau
  The Republic of Guinea-Bissau is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Senegal to the north, and Guinea to the south and east, with the Atlantic Ocean to its west....
  
   -
  • Head of State - João Bernardo Vieira
    João Bernardo Vieira
    João Bernardo "Nino" Vieira was the President of Guinea-Bissau from 1980 to 1999 and again from 2005 to 2009. After seizing power in 1980, Vieira ruled for 19 years, and he won a multiparty presidential election in 1994. He was ousted at the end of the 1998–1999 civil war and went into exile...
    
    , Chairman of the Council of State of Guinea-Bissau
    Heads of state of Guinea-Bissau
    -Presidents of Guinea-Bissau :-Affiliations:-Latest election:-See also:*Guinea-Bissau**List of heads of government of Guinea-Bissau...
    
     (1984–1999)
  • Prime Minister - Carlos Correia
    Carlos Correia
    Carlos Correia is a Guinea-Bissau politician. He was Prime Minister from 27 December 1991 to 26 October 1994, from 6 June 1997 to 3 December 1998, and from 5 August 2008 to 25 December 2008....
    
    , Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau
    Heads of government of Guinea-Bissau
    -Prime Ministers of Guinea-Bissau :-Affiliations:-See also:*Guinea-Bissau**List of heads of state of Guinea-Bissau**List of colonial heads of Portuguese Guinea...
    
     (1991–1994)
• Kenya
  Kenya
  Kenya , officially known as the Republic of Kenya, is a country in East Africa that lies on the equator, with the Indian Ocean to its south-east...
  
   -
  • President - Daniel arap Moi
    Daniel arap Moi
    Daniel Toroitich arap Moi was the President of Kenya from 1978 until 2002.Daniel arap Moi is popularly known to Kenyans as 'Nyayo', a Swahili word for 'footsteps'...
    
    , President of Kenya
    Heads of state of Kenya
    -Heads of State of Kenya :-Affiliations:*KANU - Kenya African National Union*PNU - Party of National Unity-Latest election:-See also:*List of colonial heads of Kenya*Kenya**Heads of Government of Kenya**Vice-Presidents of Kenya...
    
     (1978–2002)
• Lesotho
  Lesotho
  Lesotho , officially the Kingdom of Lesotho, is a landlocked country and enclave, surrounded by the Republic of South Africa. It is just over in size with a population of approximately 2,067,000. Its capital and largest city is Maseru. Lesotho is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. The name...
  
   -
  • Monarch - Letsie III
    Letsie III of Lesotho
    Letsie III is the reigning king of Lesotho. He succeeded his father, Moshoeshoe II, when the latter was forced into exile in 1990. His father was briefly restored in 1995 but soon died in a car crash in early 1996, and Letsie became king again...
    
    , King of Lesotho (1990–1995)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Elias Phisoana Ramaema
       Elias Phisoana Ramaema
       Major-General Elias Phisoana Ramaema was Chairman of the Military Council and Council of Ministers of Lesotho from 2 May 1991 to 2 April 1993.-References:...
       
       , Chairman of the Military Council (1991–1993)
    2. Ntsu Mokhehle
       Ntsu Mokhehle
       Ntsu Mokhehle was a Lesotho politician. He served as Prime Minister of the country from 2 April 1993 to 17 August 1994 and from 14 September 1994 to 29 May 1998.Mokhehle was born in Teyateyaneng...
       
       , Prime Minister of Lesotho (1993–1994)
• Liberia
  Liberia
  Liberia , officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Sierra Leone on the west, Guinea on the north and Côte d'Ivoire on the east. Liberia's coastline is composed of mostly mangrove forests while the more sparsely populated inland consists of forests that open...
  
   -
  • Head of State - Amos Sawyer
    Amos Sawyer
    Dr. Amos Claudius Sawyer was the President of the Interim Government of National Unity in Liberia . Sawyer was born to Abel Sawyer and Sarah Sawyer in 1945, of Sarpo ethnicity; his siblings include Joe Sawyer; the Sawyers were a prominent family in Sinoe County...
    
    , President of the Interim Government of National Unity of Liberia (1990–1994)
• Libya
  • De facto Head of State - Muammar Gaddafi
    Muammar Gaddafi
    Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar Gaddafi or "September 1942" 20 October 2011), commonly known as Muammar Gaddafi or Colonel Gaddafi, was the official ruler of the Libyan Arab Republic from 1969 to 1977 and then the "Brother Leader" of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011.He seized power in a...
    
    , Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1969–2011)
  • Nominal Head of State - Muhammad az-Zanati, General Secretary of the General People's Congress of Libya (1992–2008)
  • Head of Government - Abuzed Omar Dorda
    Abuzed Omar Dorda
    Abuzed Omar Dorda was General Secretary of the People's Committee of Libya from 7 October 1990 to 29 January 1994, and as Libya's Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 1997 to 2003....
    
    , General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (1990–1994)
• Madagascar
  Madagascar
  The Republic of Madagascar is an island country located in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa...
  
   -
  • President -
    1. Didier Ratsiraka
       Didier Ratsiraka
       Vice Admiral Didier Ratsiraka is a Malagasy politician who was President of Madagascar from 1975 to 1993 and from 1997 to 2002.-Second Republic:...
       
       , President of Madagascar (1975–1993)
    2. Albert Zafy
       Albert Zafy
       Albert Zafy is a Malagasy politician. He was the President of Madagascar from 27 March 1993 to 5 September 1996.-Early life and career:...
       
       , President of Madagascar (1993–1996)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Guy Razanamasy
       Guy Razanamasy
       Guy Willy Razanamasy was a former Malagasy politician.Born in Antananarivo, Razanamasy worked as a pharmacist and drug manufacturer before becoming the director of pharmacological society of " cofarma " and entering politics...
       
       , Prime Minister of Madagascar (1991–1993)
    2. Francisque Ravony
       Francisque Ravony
       Francisque Ravony was a Malagasy lawyer and politician. He was a key political figure in Madagascar during the late 1980s and 1990s...
       
       , Prime Minister of Madagascar (1993–1995)
• Malawi
  Malawi
  The Republic of Malawi is a landlocked country in southeast Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland. It is bordered by Zambia to the northwest, Tanzania to the northeast, and Mozambique on the east, south and west. The country is separated from Tanzania and Mozambique by Lake Malawi. Its size...
  
   -
  • President - Hastings Banda
    Hastings Banda
    Hastings Kamuzu Banda was the leader of Malawi and its predecessor state, Nyasaland, from 1961 to 1994. After receiving much of his education overseas, Banda returned to his home country to speak against colonialism and advocate for independence...
    
    , President for Life of Malawi
    Heads of state of Malawi
    -Heads of State of Malawi :-Affiliations:*MCP - Malawi Congress Party*UDF - United Democratic Front*DPP - Democratic Progressive Party-See also:...
    
     (1966–1994)
• Mali
  Mali
  Mali , officially the Republic of Mali , is a landlocked country in Western Africa. Mali borders Algeria on the north, Niger on the east, Burkina Faso and the Côte d'Ivoire on the south, Guinea on the south-west, and Senegal and Mauritania on the west. Its size is just over 1,240,000 km² with...
  
   -
  • President - Alpha Oumar Konaré
    Alpha Oumar Konaré
    Alpha Oumar Konaré was the President of Mali for two five-year terms , and was Chairperson of the African Union Commission from 2003 to 2008.-Scholarly career:...
    
    , President of Mali
    Heads of state of Mali
    -List of Heads of State of Mali:-Affiliations:-See also:*Heads of Government of Mali*Colonial Heads of Mali*Lists of incumbents*Elections in Mali ...
    
     (1992–2002)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Younoussi Touré
       Younoussi Touré
       Younoussi Touré is a Malian politician. He was Prime Minister of Mali from 9 June 1992 to 12 April 1993 and was the first Prime Minister appointed under President Alpha Oumar Konaré...
       
       , Prime Minister of Mali
       Heads of government of Mali
       -List of Heads of Government of Mali:-Affiliations:-External links:*...
       
        (1992–1993)
    2. Abdoulaye Sékou Sow
       Abdoulaye Sékou Sow
       Abdoulaye Sékou Sow is a former Malian politician. Sow served as Prime Minister from 12 April 1993 to 4 February 1994 under President Alpha Oumar Konaré.- Career :Sow was director of the École Nationale d'Administration...
       
       , Prime Minister of Mali
       Heads of government of Mali
       -List of Heads of Government of Mali:-Affiliations:-External links:*...
       
        (1993–1994)
• Mauritania
  Mauritania
  Mauritania is a country in the Maghreb and West Africa. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean in the west, by Western Sahara in the north, by Algeria in the northeast, by Mali in the east and southeast, and by Senegal in the southwest...
  
   -
  • President - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
    Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
    Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya , was Prime Minister of Mauritania from 1981 to 1984 and president from 1984 to 2005. He guided Mauritania from military rule to democracy, and took a pro-Western stance in foreign affairs...
    
    , President of Mauritania
    Heads of state of Mauritania
    -List of Heads of State of Mauritania:-Affiliations:-See also:*Mauritania**Heads of government of Mauritania**Colonial heads of Mauritania*Lists of office-holders-External links:*...
    
     (1984–2005)
  • Prime Minister - Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar
    Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar
    Having served twice as Prime Minister, from April 1992 to January 1996, and from August 2005 to March 2007, Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar is a leading player in the political and economic changes which have taken place in Mauritania over the last twenty years...
    
    , Prime Minister of Mauritania
    Heads of government of Mauritania
    -List of Heads of Government of Mauritania:-Affiliations:-See also:*Mauritania**Heads of State of Mauritania**Colonial Heads of Mauritania*Lists of office-holders-External links:*...
    
     (1992–1996)
• Mauritius
  Mauritius
  Mauritius , officially the Republic of Mauritius is an island nation off the southeast coast of the African continent in the southwest Indian Ocean, about east of Madagascar...
  
   -
  • President - Cassam Uteem
    Cassam Uteem
    Cassam Uteem is a Mauritian political figure who served as President of Mauritius from 30 June 1992 to 15 February 2002 and is the longest serving President of Mauritius, having served for nine years....
    
    , President of Mauritius (1992–2002)
  • Prime Minister - Sir Anerood Jugnauth
    Anerood Jugnauth
    Sir Anerood Jugnauth , KCMG, QC, GCSK, PC, LLB, GOLH, GOP, ORS is the President of Mauritius and all its dependencies...
    
    , Prime Minister of Mauritius (1982–1995)
• Mayotte
  Mayotte
  Mayotte is an overseas department and region of France consisting of a main island, Grande-Terre , a smaller island, Petite-Terre , and several islets around these two. The archipelago is located in the northern Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean, namely between northwestern Madagascar and...
  
   (Territorial collectivity of France)
  • Prefect -
    1. Jean-Paul Coste, Prefect of Mayotte (1990–1993)
    2. Jean-Jacques Debacq, Prefect of Mayotte (1993–1994)
  • President of the General Council - Younoussa Bamana
    Younoussa Bamana
    Younoussa Bamana was a politician from Mayotte who served in the French National Assembly from 1978-1981 .- references :*...
    
    , President of the General Council of Mayotte
    General Council of Mayotte
    Mayotte elects on territorial level a legislature. The General Council has 19 members, elected for a three year term in single seat constituencies.- Presidents of the General Council:* Younoussa Bamana : 6 July 1977 – March 1991...
    
     (1991–2004)
• Morocco
  Morocco
  Morocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country located in North Africa. It has a population of more than 32 million and an area of 710,850 km², and also primarily administers the disputed region of the Western Sahara...
  
   -
  • Monarch - Hassan II
    Hassan II of Morocco
    King Hassan II l-ḥasan aṯ-ṯānī, dial. el-ḥasan ettâni); July 9, 1929 – July 23, 1999) was King of Morocco from 1961 until his death in 1999...
    
    , King of Morocco (1961–1999)
  • Prime Minister - Mohammed Karim Lamrani
    Mohammed Karim Lamrani
    Mohammed Karim Lamrani was the Prime Minister of Morocco three times; between August 6, 1971 and November 2, 1972, then between November 30, 1983 and September 30, 1986 and later on between August 11, 1992 and May 25, 1994. He was born in Fes....
    
    , Prime Minister of Morocco (1992–1994)
  • Western Sahara
    Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
    The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is a partially recognised state that claims sovereignty over the entire territory of Western Sahara, a former Spanish colony. SADR was proclaimed by the Polisario Front on February 27, 1976, in Bir Lehlu, Western Sahara. The SADR government controls about...
    
     (self-declared, partially recognized state)
    • President - Mohamed Abdelaziz
      Mohamed Abdelaziz
      Mohamed Abdelaziz is the 3rd and current Secretary General of the Polisario Front and President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic since 1976...
      
      , President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
      President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
      The President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is the head of state of the self-proclaimed Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic , an exile government based in the refugee camps of Tindouf, Algeria. From the declaration of independence on February 27, 1976 to October 16, 1982 SADR's Head of State...
      
       (1976–present)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Mahfoud Ali Beiba
         Mahfoud Ali Beiba
         Mahfoud Laroussi Ali Beiba was a Sahrawi nationalist politician and co-founder of the Polisario Front, an organisation that seeks independence for Western Sahara...
         
         , Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
         Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
         The Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is the head of government of the SADR, while the President is the head of state. The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic was proclaimed in the territory that made up the Spanish colony of Spanish Sahara on February 27, 1976...
         
          (1988–1993)
      2. Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun
         Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun
         Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun is the Polisario Front representative for Spain, with a base in Madrid. He had been Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic twice. He studied Economics at the University of Havana, Cuba...
         
         , Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
         Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
         The Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is the head of government of the SADR, while the President is the head of state. The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic was proclaimed in the territory that made up the Spanish colony of Spanish Sahara on February 27, 1976...
         
          (1993–1995)
• Mozambique
  Mozambique
  Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique , is a country in southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest...
  
   -
  • President - Joaquim Chissano
    Joaquim Chissano
    Joaquim Alberto Chissano served as the second President of Mozambique for nineteen years from 6 November 1986 until 2 February 2005. Since stepping down as president, Chissano has become an elder statesman and is called upon by international bodies, such as the United Nations, to be an envoy or...
    
    , President of Mozambique
    Heads of state of Mozambique
    -Presidents of Mozambique :-Affiliations:FRELIMO = Frente de Libertação de Moçambique...
    
     (1986–2005)
  • Prime Minister - Mário da Graça Machungo
    Mário da Graça Machungo
    Mário Fernandes da Graça Machungo is a Mozambican politician. He was Planning Minister from at least 1984 to 1986, when he became Prime Minister of the country from 17 July 1986 to 16 December 1994.-References:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Mozambique
    Heads of government of Mozambique
    -Prime Ministers of Mozambique :-Affiliations:FRELIMO = Frente da Libertação de Moçambique RENAMO = Resistencia Nacional Moçambicana -See also:*Colonial Heads of Mozambique*Heads...
    
     (1986–1994)
• Namibia
  Namibia
  Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia , is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Angola and Zambia to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east. It gained independence from South Africa on 21 March...
  
   -
  • President - Sam Nujoma
    Sam Nujoma
    Samuel Daniel Shafiishuna Nujoma is a Namibian politician who was the first President of Namibia from 1990 to 2005. He led the South-West Africa People's Organisation in its long struggle against South African rule and took office as President when Namibia obtained independence on 21 March 1990...
    
    , President of Namibia (1990–2005)
  • Prime Minister - Hage Geingob
    Hage Geingob
    Hage Geingob is a Namibian politician who was the first Prime Minister of Namibia following its independence, serving from 1990 to 2002...
    
    , Prime Minister of Namibia
    Prime Minister of Namibia
    -Prime Ministers of Namibia :-See also:*Namibia**Politics of Namibia**List of colonial heads of Namibia **List of Presidents of Namibia...
    
     (1990–2002)
• Niger
  Niger
  Niger , officially named the Republic of Niger, is a landlocked country in Western Africa, named after the Niger River. It borders Nigeria and Benin to the south, Burkina Faso and Mali to the west, Algeria and Libya to the north and Chad to the east...
  
   -
  • President -
    1. Ali Saïbou
       Ali Saibou
       Ali Saibou was the third President of Niger from 1987 to 1993 succeeding the deceased Seyni Kountché.A member of the Djerma people, he was born in Dingajibanda, a village in the Ouallam arrondissement. Although from Kountché's home village, Saibou is not a cousin...
       
       , President of Niger
       Heads of state of Niger
       -List of Heads of State of Niger:-Affiliations:-See also:*Niger*List of colonial heads of Niger*Heads of Government of Niger*Lists of Incumbents-References:*...
       
        (1987–1993)
    2. Mahamane Ousmane
       Mahamane Ousmane
       Mahamane Ousmane is a Nigerien politician. He was the first democratically elected and fourth President of Niger, serving from 16 April 1993 until his ouster in a military coup d'état on 27 January 1996. He has continued to run for President in each election since his ouster, and he was President...
       
       , President of Niger
       Heads of state of Niger
       -List of Heads of State of Niger:-Affiliations:-See also:*Niger*List of colonial heads of Niger*Heads of Government of Niger*Lists of Incumbents-References:*...
       
        (1993–1996)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Amadou Cheiffou
       Amadou Cheiffou
       Amadou Cheiffou is a Nigerien politician. He was the transitional Prime Minister of Niger from 26 October 1991 to 17 April 1993...
       
       , Prime Minister of Niger
       Heads of government of Niger
       -List of Heads of Government of Niger:-Affiliations:-See also:*Niger*List of colonial heads of Niger*Heads of State of Niger*Lists of Incumbents-References:*...
       
        (1991–1993)
    2. Mahamadou Issoufou
       Mahamadou Issoufou
       Mahamadou Issoufou is a Nigerien politician who has been President of Niger since 7 April 2011. Previously he was Prime Minister of Niger from 1993 to 1994 and President of the National Assembly from 1995 to 1996, and he has stood as a candidate in each presidential election since 1993.Issoufou...
       
       , Prime Minister of Niger
       Heads of government of Niger
       -List of Heads of Government of Niger:-Affiliations:-See also:*Niger*List of colonial heads of Niger*Heads of State of Niger*Lists of Incumbents-References:*...
       
        (1993–1994)
• Nigeria
  Nigeria
  Nigeria , officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal constitutional republic comprising 36 states and its Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The country is located in West Africa and shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in...
  
   -
  • Head of State -
    1. Ibrahim Babangida
       Ibrahim Babangida
       General Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida CFR DSS mni , popularly known as IBB, was a Nigerian Army officer and military ruler of Nigeria...
       
       , President of the Armed Forces Ruling Council of Nigeria
       President of Nigeria
       The President of Nigeria is the Head of State and head of the national executive. Officially styled President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and Commander-in-Chief of the Nigerian Armed Forces. The current President of Nigeria is Goodluck Jonathan.-History:On October 1, 1960, Nigeria gained...
       
        (1985–1993)
    2. Ernest Shonekan
       Ernest Shonekan
       Ernest Adegunle Oladeinde Shonekan is a British trained Nigerian lawyer, industrialist, politician and traditional chieftain. He was appointed as interim president of Nigeria by General Ibrahim Babangida on 26 August 1993. Babangida resigned under pressure to cede control to a democratic government...
       
       , Interim President of Nigeria
       President of Nigeria
       The President of Nigeria is the Head of State and head of the national executive. Officially styled President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and Commander-in-Chief of the Nigerian Armed Forces. The current President of Nigeria is Goodluck Jonathan.-History:On October 1, 1960, Nigeria gained...
       
        (1993)
    3. Sani Abacha
       Sani Abacha
       General Sani Abacha was a Nigerian military leader and politician. A Kanuri from Borno by tribe, he was born and brought up in Kano, Nigeria. He was the de facto President of Nigeria from 1993 to 1998....
       
       , Chairman of the Provisional Ruling Council of Nigeria
       President of Nigeria
       The President of Nigeria is the Head of State and head of the national executive. Officially styled President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and Commander-in-Chief of the Nigerian Armed Forces. The current President of Nigeria is Goodluck Jonathan.-History:On October 1, 1960, Nigeria gained...
       
        (1993–1998)
• Rwanda
  Rwanda
  Rwanda or , officially the Republic of Rwanda , is a country in central and eastern Africa with a population of approximately 11.4 million . Rwanda is located a few degrees south of the Equator, and is bordered by Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo...
  
   -
  • President - Juvénal Habyarimana
    Juvénal Habyarimana
    Juvénal Habyarimana was the third President of the Republic of Rwanda, the post he held longer than any other president to date, from 1973 until 1994. During his 20-year rule he favored his own ethnic group, the Hutus, and supported the Hutu majority in neighboring Burundi against the Tutsi...
    
    , President of Rwanda (1973–1994)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Dismas Nsengiyaremye
       Dismas Nsengiyaremye
       Dismas Nsengiyaremye served as Prime Minister of Rwanda from 2 April 1992 to 18 July 1993.He was a member of the Democratic Republican Movement. During his term, he appointed Agathe Uwilingiyimana to the Ministry of Education, though she later succeeded him as PM.-References:...
       
       , Prime Minister of Rwanda
       Prime Minister of Rwanda
       -List of Prime Ministers of Rwanda:-Affiliations:*Parmehutu - Party of the Hutu Emancipation Movement*MRND - National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development...
       
        (1992–1993)
    2. Agathe Uwilingiyimana
       Agathe Uwilingiyimana
       Agathe Uwilingiyimana was a Rwandan political figure. She served as Prime Minister of Rwanda from 18 July 1993 until her death on 7 April 1994. Her term was ended when she was assassinated during the opening stages of the Rwandan Genocide...
       
       , Prime Minister of Rwanda
       Prime Minister of Rwanda
       -List of Prime Ministers of Rwanda:-Affiliations:*Parmehutu - Party of the Hutu Emancipation Movement*MRND - National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development...
       
        (1993–1994)
• Saint Helena and Dependencies
  Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
  Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha is a British overseas territory and overseas territory of the European Union consisting of the islands of Saint Helena, Ascension Island and the Tristan da Cunha group...
  
   (British overseas territory)
  • Governor - Alan Hoole, Governor of Saint Helena
    Governor of Saint Helena
    The Governor of Saint Helena is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha...
    
     (1991–1995)
• São Tomé and Príncipe
  São Tomé and Príncipe
  São Tomé and Príncipe, officially the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, is a Portuguese-speaking island nation in the Gulf of Guinea, off the western equatorial coast of Central Africa. It consists of two islands: São Tomé and Príncipe, located about apart and about , respectively, off...
  
   -
  • President - Miguel Trovoada
    Miguel Trovoada
    Miguel dos Anjos da Cunha Lisboa Trovoada was Prime Minister and President of São Tomé and Príncipe. Currently he is the Executive Secretary of the Gulf of Guinea Commission.-Background:...
    
    , President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1991–1995)
  • Prime Minister - Norberto Costa Alegre, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe
    Heads of government of São Tomé and Príncipe
    -Prime Ministers of São Tomé and Príncipe :-Affiliations:-See also:*São Tomé and Príncipe**Heads of State of São Tomé and Príncipe...
    
     (1992–1994)
• Senegal
  Senegal
  Senegal , officially the Republic of Senegal , is a country in western Africa. It owes its name to the Sénégal River that borders it to the east and north...
  
   -
  • President - Abdou Diouf
    Abdou Diouf
    Abdou Diouf was the second President of Senegal, serving from 1981 to 2000. Diouf is notable both for coming to power by peaceful succession, and leaving willingly after losing the 2000 presidential election to Abdoulaye Wade...
    
    , President of Senegal (1981–2000)
  • Prime Minister - Habib Thiam
    Habib Thiam
    Habib Thiam is a Senegalese politician. He served as Prime Minister of the country on two occasions, from 1 January 1981 to 3 April 1983, and again from 8 April 1991 until 3 July 1998....
    
    , Prime Minister of Senegal
    Prime Minister of Senegal
    The Prime Minister of Senegal is the head of government of Senegal. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Senegal, who is directly elected for a five year term. The Prime Minister, in turn, appoints the Senegalese cabinet, after consultation with the President.This is a list of the...
    
     (1991–1998)
• Seychelles
  Seychelles
  Seychelles , officially the Republic of Seychelles , is an island country spanning an archipelago of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean, some east of mainland Africa, northeast of the island of Madagascar....
  
   -
  • President - France-Albert René
    France-Albert René
    France-Albert René was the long-time socialist President of Seychelles from 1977 to 2004. He is known by government officials and party members as "the Boss". His name is often given as simply Albert René or F.A...
    
    , President of Seychelles (1977–2004)
• Sierra Leone
  Sierra Leone
  Sierra Leone , officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Guinea to the north and east, Liberia to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west and southwest. Sierra Leone covers a total area of and has an estimated population between 5.4 and 6.4...
  
   -
  • Head of State - Valentine Strasser
    Valentine Strasser
    Valentine Esegragbo Melvine Strasser served as head of state of Sierra Leone from 1992 to 1996. He had been a junior military officer but in 1992, he became the world's youngest Head of State when he seized power three days after his 25th birthday...
    
    , Chairman of the Supreme Council of State of Sierra Leone
    Heads of government of Sierra Leone
    The following is a list of heads of government of Sierra Leone from 1954 until 1978, when a single party constitution was adopted, and President of Sierra Leone became head of government as well.-Heads of Government of Sierra Leone:-See also:...
    
     (1992–1996)
• Somalia
  Somalia
  Somalia , officially the Somali Republic and formerly known as the Somali Democratic Republic under Socialist rule, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. Since the outbreak of the Somali Civil War in 1991 there has been no central government control over most of the country's territory...
  
   -
  • President - vacant (1991–1995)
  • Prime Minister - Umar Arteh Ghalib
    Umar Arteh Ghalib
    Umar Arteh Ghalib or Omer Carte Qalib is a prominent Somali politician and a former Prime Minister of Somalia from January 24, 1991 to May 1993.-Biography:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Somalia
    Prime Minister of Somalia
    This page contains a list of the Prime Ministers of Somalia.-Prime Ministers of Somalia :-Affiliations:*SYL - Somali Youth League*SNL - Somali National League...
    
     (1991–1997)
  • Somaliland
    Somaliland
    Somaliland is an unrecognised self-declared sovereign state that is internationally recognised as an autonomous region of Somalia. The government of Somaliland regards itself as the successor state to the British Somaliland protectorate, which was independent for a few days in 1960 as the State of...
    
     (unrecognized secessionist state)
    • President -
      1. Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur
         Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur
         For the Somali politician executed for apostasy in 2009, see Abdirahman AhmedAbdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur was a Somali politician...
         
         , President of Somaliland (1991–1993)
      2. Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, President of Somaliland (1993–2002)
• South Africa
  South Africa
  The Republic of South Africa is a country in southern Africa. Located at the southern tip of Africa, it is divided into nine provinces, with of coastline on the Atlantic and Indian oceans...
  
   -
  • President - F. W. de Klerk, State President of South Africa
    State President of South Africa
    State President, or Staatspresident in Afrikaans, was the title of South Africa's head of state from 1961 to 1994. The office was established when the country became a republic in 1961, and Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be head of state...
    
     (1989–1994)
• Sudan
  Sudan
  Sudan , officially the Republic of the Sudan , is a country in North Africa, sometimes considered part of the Middle East politically. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the...
  
   -
  • Head of State - Omar al-Bashir
    Omar al-Bashir
    Lieutenant General Omar Hassan Ahmad Al-Bashir is the current President of Sudan and the head of the National Congress Party. He came to power in 1989 when he, as a brigadier in the Sudanese army, led a group of officers in a bloodless military coup that ousted the government of Prime Minister...
    
    , Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation of Sudan (1989–present)
• Swaziland
  Swaziland
  Swaziland, officially the Kingdom of Swaziland , and sometimes called Ngwane or Swatini, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa, bordered to the north, south and west by South Africa, and to the east by Mozambique...
  
   -
  • Monarch - Mswati III
    Mswati III of Swaziland
    Mswati III is the King of Swaziland and head of the Swazi Royal Family. In 1986, he succeeded his father Sobhuza II as ruler of the southern African kingdom...
    
    , King of Swaziland (1986–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Obed Dlamini
       Obed Dlamini
       Obed Mfanyana Dlamini was Prime Minister of Swaziland from 12 July 1989 to 25 October 1993. He is currently a member of Liqoqo , and is one of the two members in the council to have an affiliation to a political party. He is a member of the Ngwane National Liberatory Congress...
       
       , Prime Minister of Swaziland
       Heads of government of Swaziland
       -Heads of Government:-See also:*List of kings of Swaziland*lists of incumbents...
       
        (1989–1993)
    2. Andreas Fakudze
       Andreas Fakudze
       Andreas Fakudze served as acting Prime Minister of Swaziland from 25 October 1993 to 4 November 1993.-References:...
       
       , Acting Prime Minister of Swaziland
       Heads of government of Swaziland
       -Heads of Government:-See also:*List of kings of Swaziland*lists of incumbents...
       
        (1993)
    3. Prince Jameson Mbilini Dlamini
       Jameson Mbilini Dlamini
       Prince Jameson Mbilini Dlamini was Prime Minister of Swaziland from 4 November 1993 to 8 May 1996.- References :...
       
       , Prime Minister of Swaziland
       Heads of government of Swaziland
       -Heads of Government:-See also:*List of kings of Swaziland*lists of incumbents...
       
        (1993–1996)
• Tanzania
  Tanzania
  The United Republic of Tanzania is a country in East Africa bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north, Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west, and Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique to the south. The country's eastern borders lie on the Indian Ocean.Tanzania is a state...
  
   -
  • President - Ali Hassan Mwinyi
    Ali Hassan Mwinyi
    Ali Hassan Mwinyi is a Tanzanian politician. He was the second President of the United Republic of Tanzania from 1985 to 1995. Previous posts include Interior Minister and Vice President...
    
    , President of Tanzania (1985–1995)
  • Prime Minister - John Malecela
    John Malecela
    John Samuel Malecela in Bugiri Dodoma, was Prime Minister of Tanzania from 1990-11-09–1994-12-07. He served as the vice-chairman of the CCM from 1995 to 2007, and a member of the CCM Central Committee to date....
    
    , Prime Minister of Tanzania (1990–1994)
• Togo
  Togo
  Togo, officially the Togolese Republic , is a country in West Africa bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. It extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, on which the capital Lomé is located. Togo covers an area of approximately with a population of approximately...
  
   -
  • President - Gnassingbé Eyadéma
    Gnassingbé Eyadéma
    General Gnassingbé Eyadéma , was the President of Togo from 1967 until his death in 2005. He participated in two successful military coups, in January 1963 and January 1967, and became President on April 14, 1967...
    
    , President of Togo (1967–2005)
  • Prime Minister - Joseph Kokou Koffigoh
    Joseph Kokou Koffigoh
    Joseph Kokou Koffigoh is a Togolese politician who served as Prime Minister of Togo from 27 August 1991 to 25 April 1994. Elected as Prime Minister by the opposition-dominated National Conference in 1991, Koffigoh was given full executive powers and tasked with overseeing a transition to...
    
    , Prime Minister of Togo
    Heads of government of Togo
    -Prime Ministers of Togo :-Affiliations:*CAR *CFN *CPP...
    
     (1991–1994)
• Tunisia
  Tunisia
  Tunisia , officially the Tunisian RepublicThe long name of Tunisia in other languages used in the country is: , is the northernmost country in Africa. It is a Maghreb country and is bordered by Algeria to the west, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Its area...
  
   -
  • President - Zine El Abidine Ben Ali
    Zine El Abidine Ben Ali
    Zine El Abidine Ben Ali is a Tunisian political figure who was the second President of Tunisia from 1987 to 2011. Ben Ali was appointed Prime Minister in October 1987, and he assumed the Presidency on 7 November 1987 in a bloodless coup d'état that ousted President Habib Bourguiba, who was...
    
    , President of Tunisia (1987–2011)
  • Prime Minister - Hamed Karoui
    Hamed Karoui
    Hamed Karoui was Prime Minister of Tunisia from 27 September 1989 to 17 November 1999. From 1986 to 1987 he was Minister of Youth and Sports and from 1988 to 1989 he was Minister of Justice. He was a member of the Constitutional Democratic Rally party.-References:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Tunisia
    Prime Minister of Tunisia
    The Prime Minister of the Tunisian Republic is the head of government of Tunisia. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Tunisia...
    
     (1989–1999)
• Uganda
  Uganda
  Uganda , officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country in East Africa. Uganda is also known as the "Pearl of Africa". It is bordered on the east by Kenya, on the north by South Sudan, on the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, on the southwest by Rwanda, and on the south by...
  
   -
  • President - Yoweri Museveni
    Yoweri Museveni
    Yoweri Kaguta Museveni is a Ugandan politician and statesman. He has been President of Uganda since 26 January 1986.Museveni was involved in the war that deposed Idi Amin Dada, ending his rule in 1979, and in the rebellion that subsequently led to the demise of the Milton Obote regime in 1985...
    
    , President of Uganda
    President of Uganda
    -List of Presidents of Uganda:-Affiliations:-See also:*Uganda*Vice President of Uganda*Prime Minister of Uganda*Politics of Uganda*History of Uganda*Political parties of Uganda...
    
     (1986–present)
  • Prime Minister - George Cosmas Adyebo
    George Cosmas Adyebo
    George Cosmas Adyebo was a Ugandan politician and economist. He became prime minister of Uganda on January 22, 1991 when prime minister Samson Kisekka became vice-president. Adyebo served as prime minister for nearly 4 years, until November 18, 1994. Six years later he died at the International...
    
    , Prime Minister of Uganda
    Prime Minister of Uganda
    -List of Prime Ministers of Uganda:-Affiliations:-See also:*Uganda*President of Uganda*Vice President of Uganda*Politics of Uganda*History of Uganda*Political parties of Uganda...
    
     (1991–1994)
• Zaire
  Zaire
  The Republic of Zaire was the name of the present Democratic Republic of the Congo between 27 October 1971 and 17 May 1997. The name of Zaire derives from the , itself an adaptation of the Kongo word nzere or nzadi, or "the river that swallows all rivers".-Self-proclaimed Father of the Nation:In...
  
   -
  • President - Mobutu Sese Seko
    Mobutu Sese Seko
    Mobutu Sese Seko Nkuku Ngbendu wa Za Banga , commonly known as Mobutu or Mobutu Sese Seko , born Joseph-Désiré Mobutu, was the President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 1965 to 1997...
    
    , President of Zaire
    Heads of state of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
    This is the list of the Heads of State of the Democratic Republic of the Congo since independence in 1960. The current head of state is President Joseph Kabila, since 26 January 2001.-Heads of State:-Affiliations:...
    
     (1965–1997)
  • Head of Government -
    1. Étienne Tshisekedi
       Étienne Tshisekedi
       Étienne Tshisekedi wa Mulumba is a lawyer, politician, and leader of the Union for Democracy and Social Progress which is a political party in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. He was Prime Minister of the country on three brief occasions: in 1991, 1992–1993, and 1997...
       
       , First State Commissioner of Zaire (1992–1993)
    2. Faustin Birindwa, First State Commissioner of Zaire (1993–1994)
• Zambia
  Zambia
  Zambia , officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. The neighbouring countries are the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Tanzania to the north-east, Malawi to the east, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana and Namibia to the south, and Angola to the west....
  
   -
  • President - Frederick Chiluba
    Frederick Chiluba
    Frederick Jacob Titus Chiluba was a Zambian politician who was the second President of Zambia from 1991 to 2002. Chiluba, a trade union leader, won the country's multi-party presidential election in 1991 as the candidate of the Movement for Multiparty Democracy , defeating long-time President...
    
    , President of Zambia (1991–2002)
• Zimbabwe
  Zimbabwe
  Zimbabwe is a landlocked country located in the southern part of the African continent, between the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers. It is bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the southwest, Zambia and a tip of Namibia to the northwest and Mozambique to the east. Zimbabwe has three...
  
   -
  • President - Robert Mugabe
    Robert Mugabe
    Robert Gabriel Mugabe is the President of Zimbabwe. As one of the leaders of the liberation movement against white-minority rule, he was elected into power in 1980...
    
    , President of Zimbabwe (1987–present)

Asia

• Afghanistan
  Islamic State of Afghanistan
  The Islamic State of Afghanistan was the name of the state of Afghanistan after the collapse of the communist regime, the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, in 1992. In 1996, the country was renamed the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan by the Taliban, after seizing control of the majority of the...
  
   -
  • President - Burhanuddin Rabbani
    Burhanuddin Rabbani
    Professor Burhanuddin Rabbani was President of the Islamic State of Afghanistan from 1992 to 1996. After the Taliban government was toppled during Operation Enduring Freedom, Rabbani returned to Kabul and served as a temporary President from November to December 20, 2001, when Hamid Karzai was...
    
    , President of Afghanistan
    President of Afghanistan
    Afghanistan has only been a republic between 1973 and 1992 and from 2001 onwards. Before 1973, it was a monarchy that was governed by a variety of kings, emirs or shahs...
    
     (1992–2001)
  • Prime Minister - Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
    Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
    Gulbuddin Hekmatyar is an Afghan Mujahideen leader who is the founder and leader of the Hezb-e Islami political party and paramilitary group. Hekmatyar was a rebel military commander during the 1980s Soviet war in Afghanistan and was one of the key figures in the civil war that followed the...
    
    , Prime Minister of Afghanistan
    Prime Minister of Afghanistan
    The Prime Minister of Afghanistan is a currently defunct post in the Afghan Government.The position was created in 1927, and was appointed by the king, mostly as an advisor, until the end of the monarchy in 1973...
    
     (1993–1994)
• Bahrain
  Bahrain
  ' , officially the Kingdom of Bahrain , is a small island state near the western shores of the Persian Gulf. It is ruled by the Al Khalifa royal family. The population in 2010 stood at 1,214,705, including 235,108 non-nationals. Formerly an emirate, Bahrain was declared a kingdom in 2002.Bahrain is...
  
   -
  • Monarch - Sheikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Emir of Bahrain
    King of Bahrain
    The King of Bahrain ‎ is the monarch and head of state of Bahrain. Between 1783 and 1971, the Bahraini monarch held the title of Hakim, and, from 1971 until 2002, the title of Emir...
    
     (1961–1999)
  • Prime Minister - Sheikh Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa, Prime Minister of Bahrain
    Prime Minister of Bahrain
    In Bahrain, the Prime Minister is the head of government of the country. According to the Constitution of Bahrain, the Prime Minister is appointed directly by the King, and needs not be an elected member of the Council of Representatives....
    
     (1970–present)
• Bangladesh
  Bangladesh
  Bangladesh , officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh is a sovereign state located in South Asia. It is bordered by India on all sides except for a small border with Burma to the far southeast and by the Bay of Bengal to the south...
  
   -
  • President - Abdur Rahman Biswas
    Abdur Rahman Biswas
    Abdur Rahman Biswas was the President of Bangladesh between 1991 and 1996.-Early life:...
    
    , President of Bangladesh (1991–1996)
  • Prime Minister - Khaleda Zia
    Khaleda Zia
    Begum Khaleda Zia is the former First Lady of Bangladesh , and then Prime Minister of Bangladesh, having served from 1991 to 1996, becoming the first woman in the country's history and second in the Muslim world to head a democratic government as prime minister. She served again from 2001 until...
    
    , Prime Minister of Bangladesh
    Prime Minister of Bangladesh
    The Prime Minister of the People's Republic of Bangladesh is the Head of the Government of Bangladesh. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Jatiya Sangsad Parliament, to their political party and ultimately to the electorate...
    
     (1991–1996)
• Bhutan
  Bhutan
  Bhutan , officially the Kingdom of Bhutan, is a landlocked state in South Asia, located at the eastern end of the Himalayas and bordered to the south, east and west by the Republic of India and to the north by the People's Republic of China...
  
   -
  • Monarch - Jigme Singye Wangchuck
    Jigme Singye Wangchuck
    Jigme Singye Wangchuck is the former King of Bhutan. He was the fourth Dragon King of Bhutan from 1972 until his abdication in favour of his eldest son, Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, in 2006...
    
    , King of Bhutan (1972–2006)
• Brunei
  Brunei
  Brunei , officially the State of Brunei Darussalam or the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace , is a sovereign state located on the north coast of the island of Borneo, in Southeast Asia...
  
  
  • Monarch - Hassanal Bolkiah
    Hassanal Bolkiah
    General Haji Sir Hassan al-Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah GCB GCMG is the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam, the 29th Sultan of Brunei and the first Prime Minister of Brunei Darussalam...
    
    , Sultan of Brunei (1967–present)
  • Prime Minister - Hassanal Bolkiah
    Hassanal Bolkiah
    General Haji Sir Hassan al-Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah GCB GCMG is the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam, the 29th Sultan of Brunei and the first Prime Minister of Brunei Darussalam...
    
    , Prime Minister of Brunei
    Prime Minister of Brunei
    The Prime Minister of Brunei is a title held by the Sultan of Brunei. As the prime minister, the Sultan presides over the cabinet.As of 2011, the post is held by Hassanal Bolkiah....
    
     (1984–present)
• Cambodia
  Cambodia
  Cambodia , officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia...
  
   -
  • State of Cambodia changed into the Kingdom of Cambodia
    Cambodia
    Cambodia , officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia...
    
     on 24 September 1993
  • Chairman of the Council of State - Chea Sim
    Chea Sim
    Chea Sim is a Chinese Cambodian politician. He was the President of the National Assembly from 1981–98 and is currently the President of the Senate .-Biography:...
    
    , Chairman of the Council of State of Cambodia (1992–1993)
  • Chairman of the Supreme National Council - Norodom Sihanouk
    Norodom Sihanouk
    Norodom Sihanouk regular script was the King of Cambodia from 1941 to 1955 and again from 1993 until his semi-retirement and voluntary abdication on 7 October 2004 in favor of his son, the current King Norodom Sihamoni...
    
    , Chairman of the Supreme National Council of Cambodia (1991–1993)
  • King - Norodom Sihanouk
    Norodom Sihanouk
    Norodom Sihanouk regular script was the King of Cambodia from 1941 to 1955 and again from 1993 until his semi-retirement and voluntary abdication on 7 October 2004 in favor of his son, the current King Norodom Sihamoni...
    
    , King of Cambodia
    King of Cambodia
    The King of Cambodia is the head of state of the Kingdom of Cambodia. The King's power is limited to that of a symbolic figurehead to whom people are to give love and respect...
    
     (1993–2004)
  • Prime Ministers -
    • Prince Norodom Ranariddh
      Norodom Ranariddh
      Prince Norodom Ranariddh is the second son of former king Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia and a half brother of the current king, Norodom Sihamoni.-Biography:...
      
      , First Prime Minister of Cambodia
      Prime Minister of Cambodia
      The Prime Minister of Cambodia , is the head of government of the Kingdom of Cambodia. Prime Minister is appointed by the King under Article 119 of the Constitution and is responsible for leading the government of the Kingdom.-Constitutional powers:The powers of the Prime Minister are established...
      
       (1993–1997)
    • Hun Sen
      Hun Sen
      Hun Sen is the current Prime Minister of Cambodia.He has been the sole leader of the Cambodian People's Party , which has governed Cambodia since the Vietnamese-backed overthrow of the Khmer Rouge in 1979...
      
      , Second Prime Minister of Cambodia
      Prime Minister of Cambodia
      The Prime Minister of Cambodia , is the head of government of the Kingdom of Cambodia. Prime Minister is appointed by the King under Article 119 of the Constitution and is responsible for leading the government of the Kingdom.-Constitutional powers:The powers of the Prime Minister are established...
      
       (1985–present)
• China (People's Republic of China)
  People's Republic of China
  China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
  
   -
  • Communist Party Leader- Jiang Zemin
    Jiang Zemin
    Jiang Zemin is a former Chinese politician, who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of China from 1989 to 2002, as President of the People's Republic of China from 1993 to 2003, and as Chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2005...
    
    , General Secretary of the Communist Party of China
    General Secretary of the Communist Party of China
    The General Secretary of the Communist Party of China , officially General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, is the highest ranking official within the Communist Party of China, a standing member of the Politburo and head of the Secretariat...
    
     (1989–2002)
  • President -
    1. Yang Shangkun
       Yang Shangkun
       Yang Shangkun was President of the People's Republic of China from 1988 to 1993, and was permanent Vice-chair of the Central Military Commission...
       
       , President of the People's Republic of China
       President of the People's Republic of China
       The President of the People's Republic of China is a ceremonial office and a part of State organs under the National People's Congress and it is the head of state of the People's Republic of China . The office was created by the 1982 Constitution...
       
        (1988–1993)
    2. Jiang Zemin
       Jiang Zemin
       Jiang Zemin is a former Chinese politician, who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of China from 1989 to 2002, as President of the People's Republic of China from 1993 to 2003, and as Chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2005...
       
       , President of the People's Republic of China
       President of the People's Republic of China
       The President of the People's Republic of China is a ceremonial office and a part of State organs under the National People's Congress and it is the head of state of the People's Republic of China . The office was created by the 1982 Constitution...
       
        (1993–2003)
  • Premier - Li Peng
    Li Peng
    Li Peng served as the fourth Premier of the People's Republic of China, between 1987 and 1998, and the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, China's top legislative body, from 1998 to 2003. For much of the 1990s Li was ranked second in the Communist Party of China ...
    
    , Premier of the People's Republic of China
    Premier of the People's Republic of China
    The Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China , sometimes also referred to as the "Prime Minister" informally, is the Leader of the State Council of the People's Republic of China , who is the head of government and holds the highest-ranking of the Civil service of the...
    
     (1987–1998)
• Hong Kong
  Hong Kong
  Hong Kong is one of two Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China , the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour...
  
   (British dependent territory)
  • Governor - Chris Patten
    Chris Patten
    Christopher Francis Patten, Baron Patten of Barnes, CH, PC , is the last Governor of British Hong Kong, a former British Conservative politician, and the current chairman of the BBC Trust....
    
    , Governor of Hong Kong
    Governor of Hong Kong
    The Governor of Hong Kong was the head of the government of Hong Kong during British rule from 1843 to 1997. The governor's roles were defined in the Hong Kong Letters Patent and Royal Instructions...
    
     (1992–1997)
• India
  India
  India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
  
   -
  • President - Shankar Dayal Sharma
    Shankar Dayal Sharma
    Shankar Dayal Sharma was the ninth President of India serving from 1992 to 1997. Prior to his presidency, Dr Sharma had been the eighth Vice President of India, serving under President Ramaswamy Venkataraman...
    
    , President of India
    President of India
    The President of India is the head of state and first citizen of India, as well as the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces. President of India is also the formal head of all the three branches of Indian Democracy - Legislature, Executive and Judiciary...
    
     (1992–1997)
  • Prime Minister - P. V. Narasimha Rao
    P. V. Narasimha Rao
    Pamulaparti Venkata "Narasimha Rao" was the ninth Prime Minister of India . He led an important administration, overseeing a major economic transformation and several home incidents affecting national security of India. Rao accelerated the dismantling of the Licence Raj. He is often referred to as...
    
    , Prime Minister of India
    Prime Minister of India
    The Prime Minister of India , as addressed to in the Constitution of India — Prime Minister for the Union, is the chief of government, head of the Council of Ministers and the leader of the majority party in parliament...
    
     (1991–1996)
• Indonesia
  Indonesia
  Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
  
   -
  • President - Suharto, President of Indonesia (1967–1998)
• Iran
  Iran
  Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
  
   -
  • Supreme Leader - Ali Khamenei
    Ali Khamenei
    Ayatollah Seyed Ali Hoseyni Khāmene’i is the Supreme Leader of Iran and the figurative head of the Muslim conservative establishment in Iran and Twelver Shi'a marja...
    
    , Supreme Leader of Iran
    Supreme Leader of Iran
    The Supreme Leader of Iran is the highest ranking political and religious authority in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The post was established by the constitution in accordance with the concept of Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists...
    
     (1989–present)
  • President - Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
    Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
    Ayatollah Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani is an influential Iranian politician and writer, who was the fourth President of Iran. He was a member of the Assembly of Experts until his resignation in 2011...
    
    , President of Iran
    President of Iran
    The President of Iran is the highest popularly elected official in, and the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Iran; although subordinate to the Supreme Leader of Iran, who functions as the country's head of state...
    
     (1989–1997)
• Iraq
  Ba'athist Iraq
  The History of Iraq , referred to as Ba'athist Iraq, covers the period of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party's rule over Iraq. Ba'athist rule in Iraq first occurred briefly in 1963 under Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr until overthrown that same year. Ba'athism was restored to power five years later after...
  
   -
  • President - Saddam Hussein
    Saddam Hussein
    Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti was the fifth President of Iraq, serving in this capacity from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003...
    
    , President of Iraq
    President of Iraq
    The President of Iraq is the head of state of Iraq and "safeguards the commitment to the Constitution and the preservation of Iraq's independence, sovereignty, unity, the security of its territories in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution." The President is elected by the Council of...
    
     (1979–2003)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Mohammed Amza Zubeidi
       Mohammed Amza Zubeidi
       Mohammed Amza az-Zubeidi was the Prime Minister of Iraq from 1991 to 1993. He is on the "Saddam's Dirty Dozen" list of people responsible for torture and murder in Iraq, playing a key role in Iraq's brutal suppression of the Shiite Muslim uprising of 1991...
       
       , Prime Minister of Iraq
       Prime Minister of Iraq
       The Prime Minister of Iraq is Iraq's head of government. Prime Minister was originally an appointed office, subsidiary to the head of state, and the nominal leader of the Iraqi parliament. Under the newly adopted constitution the Prime Minister is to be the country's active executive authority...
       
        (1991–1993)
    2. Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai
       Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai
       Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai was Prime Minister of Iraq from 1993 to 1994, during the rule of President Saddam Hussein.-References:...
       
       , Prime Minister of Iraq
       Prime Minister of Iraq
       The Prime Minister of Iraq is Iraq's head of government. Prime Minister was originally an appointed office, subsidiary to the head of state, and the nominal leader of the Iraqi parliament. Under the newly adopted constitution the Prime Minister is to be the country's active executive authority...
       
        (1993–1994)
• Israel
  Israel
  The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...
  
   -
  • President -
    1. Chaim Herzog
       Chaim Herzog
       Chaim Herzog served as the sixth President of Israel , following a distinguished career in both the British Army and the Israel Defense Forces .-Early life:...
       
       , President of Israel
       President of Israel
       The President of the State of Israel is the head of state of Israel. The position is largely an apolitical ceremonial figurehead role, with the real executive power lying in the hands of the Prime Minister. The current president is Shimon Peres who took office on 15 July 2007...
       
        (1983–1993)
    2. Ezer Weizman
       Ezer Weizman
       ' was the seventh President of Israel, first elected in 1993 and re-elected in 1998. Before the presidency, Weizman was commander of the Israeli Air Force and Minister of Defense.-Biography:...
       
       , President of Israel
       President of Israel
       The President of the State of Israel is the head of state of Israel. The position is largely an apolitical ceremonial figurehead role, with the real executive power lying in the hands of the Prime Minister. The current president is Shimon Peres who took office on 15 July 2007...
       
        (1993–2000)
  • Prime Minister - Yitzhak Rabin
    Yitzhak Rabin
    ' was an Israeli politician, statesman and general. He was the fifth Prime Minister of Israel, serving two terms in office, 1974–77 and 1992 until his assassination in 1995....
    
    , Prime Minister of Israel
    Prime Minister of Israel
    The Prime Minister of Israel is the head of the Israeli government and the most powerful political figure in Israel . The prime minister is the country's chief executive. The official residence of the prime minister, Beit Rosh Hamemshala is in Jerusalem...
    
     (1992–1995)
• Japan
  Japan
  Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
  
   -
  • Monarch - Akihito
    Akihito
    is the current , the 125th emperor of his line according to Japan's traditional order of succession. He acceded to the throne in 1989.-Name:In Japan, the emperor is never referred to by his given name, but rather is referred to as "His Imperial Majesty the Emperor" which may be shortened to . In...
    
    , Emperor of Japan (1989–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Kiichi Miyazawa
       Kiichi Miyazawa
       was a Japanese politician and the 78th Prime Minister from November 5, 1991 to August 9, 1993.-Early life and career:Miyazawa was born in Fukuyama, Hiroshima Prefecture, and graduated from Tokyo Imperial University with a degree in law. In 1942 he joined the Ministry of Finance...
       
       , Prime Minister of Japan (1991–1993)
    2. Morihiro Hosokawa
       Morihiro Hosokawa
       is a Japanese politician who was the 79th Prime Minister of Japan from August 9, 1993 to April 28, 1994. His coalition was the first non-Liberal Democratic Party government since 1955.- Early life :...
       
       , Prime Minister of Japan (1993–1994)
• Jordan
  Jordan
  Jordan , officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan , Al-Mamlaka al-Urduniyya al-Hashemiyya) is a kingdom on the East Bank of the River Jordan. The country borders Saudi Arabia to the east and south-east, Iraq to the north-east, Syria to the north and the West Bank and Israel to the west, sharing...
  
   -
  • Monarch - Hussein
    Hussein of Jordan
    Hussein bin Talal was the third King of Jordan from the abdication of his father, King Talal, in 1952, until his death. Hussein's rule extended through the Cold War and four decades of Arab-Israeli conflict...
    
    , King of Jordan (1952–1999)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Zaid ibn Shaker
       Zaid ibn Shaker
       Field Marshal Prince Zeid Ibn Shaker, GBE, CVO served as commander in chief of the Jordanian Military for more than twelve years and Prime Minister of Jordan three times....
       
       , Prime Minister of Jordan (1991–1993)
    2. Abdelsalam al-Majali
       Abdelsalam al-Majali
       Abdelsalam al-Majali was twice the Prime Minister of Jordan Abd al-Salam received his medical degree from the Syrian University in 1949. He was director of medical services for the Jordanian armed forces, president of Jordan University , and minister of health...
       
       , Prime Minister of Jordan (1993–1995)
• Kampuchea
  People's Republic of Kampuchea
  The People's Republic of Kampuchea , , was founded in Cambodia by the Salvation Front, a group of Cambodian leftists dissatisfied with the Khmer Rouge, after the overthrow of Democratic Kampuchea, Pol Pot's government...
  
   -
  • see under Cambodia
• Kazakhstan
  Kazakhstan
  Kazakhstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of is greater than Western Europe...
  
   -
  • President - Nursultan Nazarbayev
    Nursultan Nazarbayev
    Nursultan Abishuly Nazarbayev has served as the President of Kazakhstan since the nation received its independence in 1991, after the fall of the Soviet Union...
    
    , President of Kazakhstan (1990–present)
  • Prime Minister - Sergey Tereshchenko, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan
    Prime Minister of Kazakhstan
    -Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars:*Viktor Radus-Zenkovich *Mukhamedkhafiy Murzagaliyev *Saken Seyfullin *Nygmet Nurmakov...
    
     (1991–1994)
• North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)
  North Korea
  The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea , , is a country in East Asia, occupying the northern half of the Korean Peninsula. Its capital and largest city is Pyongyang. The Korean Demilitarized Zone serves as the buffer zone between North Korea and South Korea...
  
   -
  • Communist Party Leader - Kim Il-sung
    Kim Il-sung
    Kim Il-sung was a Korean communist politician who led the Democratic People's Republic of Korea from its founding in 1948 until his death in 1994. He held the posts of Prime Minister from 1948 to 1972 and President from 1972 to his death...
    
    , General Secretary of the Korean Workers' Party
    Workers' Party of Korea
    The Workers' Party of Korea is the ruling Communist party of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea , commonly known as North Korea. It is also called the Korean Workers' Party...
    
     (1948–1994)
  • President - Kim Il-sung
    Kim Il-sung
    Kim Il-sung was a Korean communist politician who led the Democratic People's Republic of Korea from its founding in 1948 until his death in 1994. He held the posts of Prime Minister from 1948 to 1972 and President from 1972 to his death...
    
    , President of North Korea (1972–1994)
  • Chairman of the National Defense Commission - Kim Jong-il
    Kim Jong-il
    Kim Jong-il, also written as Kim Jong Il, birth name Yuri Irsenovich Kim born 16 February 1941 or 16 February 1942 , is the Supreme Leader of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea...
    
    , Chairman of the National Defence Commission of North Korea
    Chairman of the National Defence Commission of North Korea
    The Chairman of the National Defense Commission of North Korea is the supreme commander of the armed forces of North Korea and the most powerful person in the government...
    
     (1993–present)
  • Premier - Kang Song-san
    Kang Song-san
    Kang Song-san was the Premier of North Korea from 1984 to 1986 and again from 1992 to 1997. He succeeded Li Jong-ok in his first term and Yon Hyong-muk in his second term. He was born in North Hamgyong.-References:...
    
    , Premier of North Korea (1992–1997)
• South Korea (Republic of Korea)
  South Korea
  The Republic of Korea , , is a sovereign state in East Asia, located on the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula. It is neighbored by the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east, North Korea to the north, and the East China Sea and Republic of China to the south...
  
   -
  • President -
    1. Roh Tae-woo
       Roh Tae-woo
       Roh Tae-woo , is a former ROK Army general and politician. He was the 13th president of South Korea .Roh befriended Chun Doo-hwan while in high school in Daegu. In his younger life, Roh was a keen rugby union player....
       
       , President of South Korea
       President of South Korea
       The President of the Republic of Korea is, according to the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, chief executive of the government, commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and the head of state of the Republic of Korea...
       
        (1988–1993)
    2. Kim Young-sam
       Kim Young-sam
       Kim Young-sam was a South Korean politician and democratic activist. From 1961, he spent 30 years as South Korea's leader of the opposition, and one of Park Chung-hee's most powerful rivals....
       
       , President of South Korea
       President of South Korea
       The President of the Republic of Korea is, according to the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, chief executive of the government, commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and the head of state of the Republic of Korea...
       
        (1993–1998)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Hyun Soong Jong, Prime Minister of South Korea
       Prime Minister of South Korea
       The Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea is appointed by the President with the National Assembly's approval. Unlike prime ministers in the parliamentary system, the Prime Minister of South Korea is not required to be a member of parliament....
       
        (1992–1993)
    2. Hwang In Sung, Prime Minister of South Korea
       Prime Minister of South Korea
       The Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea is appointed by the President with the National Assembly's approval. Unlike prime ministers in the parliamentary system, the Prime Minister of South Korea is not required to be a member of parliament....
       
        (1993)
    3. Lee Hoi-chang
       Lee Hoi-chang
       Lee Hoi-chang is a South Korean politician. A Catholic, he was born to an elite family in Seoheung, Hwanghae , but grew up in the south after his father, a public prosecutor, was appointed to a new post....
       
       , Prime Minister of South Korea
       Prime Minister of South Korea
       The Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea is appointed by the President with the National Assembly's approval. Unlike prime ministers in the parliamentary system, the Prime Minister of South Korea is not required to be a member of parliament....
       
        (1993–1994)
• Kuwait
  Kuwait
  The State of Kuwait is a sovereign Arab state situated in the north-east of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south at Khafji, and Iraq to the north at Basra. It lies on the north-western shore of the Persian Gulf. The name Kuwait is derived from the...
  
   -
  • Monarch - Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
    Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
    Jaber III al-Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah, GCB , GCMG of the al-Sabah dynasty, was the Emir and thirteenth Sheikh of Kuwait, serving from December 31, 1977 until his death on January 15, 2006...
    
    , Emir of Kuwait (1977–2006)
  • Prime Minister - Sheikh Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah
    Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah
    Sheikh Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah, KCMG was the Emir of Kuwait during a short reign of nine days , succeeding the late Sheikh Jaber....
    
    , Prime Minister of Kuwait (1978–2003)
• Kyrgyzstan
  Kyrgyzstan
  Kyrgyzstan , officially the Kyrgyz Republic is one of the world's six independent Turkic states . Located in Central Asia, landlocked and mountainous, Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the southwest and China to the east...
  
   -
  • President - Askar Akayev
    Askar Akayev
    Askar Akayevich Akayev served as the President of Kyrgyzstan from 1990 until his overthrow in the March 2005 Tulip Revolution....
    
    , President of Kyrgyzstan
    President of Kyrgyzstan
    The President of Kyrgyzstan is the head of state and the highest official of Kyrgyzstan. The President, according to the constitution, "is the symbol of the unity of people and state power, and is the guarantor of the Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic, and of an individual and citizen." The...
    
     (1990–2005)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Tursunbek Chyngyshev
       Tursunbek Chyngyshev
       Tursunbek Chyngyshev served as the Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan from 10 February 1992 to 13 December 1993. He left office due to a motion of no confidence in the Kyrgyzstan parliament caused by the Seabeco gold scandal.-References:...
       
       , Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan
       Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan
       The Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan is the head of government of Kyrgyzstan. Generally, the President is in a stronger position than the Prime Minister in Kyrgyzstan. The president is allowed to appoint the Prime Minister temporarily, and his appointment is known as the acting Prime Minister...
       
        (1992–1993)
    2. Almanbet Matubraimov
       Almanbet Matubraimov
       Almanbet Matubraimov served as a Speaker of the Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan and briefly the acting Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan. He took over from Tursunbek Chyngyshev on 13 December 1993. On January 3, 2006 Matubraimov was appointed to the role of representing Kyrgyzstan in the Eurasian...
       
       , Acting Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan
       Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan
       The Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan is the head of government of Kyrgyzstan. Generally, the President is in a stronger position than the Prime Minister in Kyrgyzstan. The president is allowed to appoint the Prime Minister temporarily, and his appointment is known as the acting Prime Minister...
       
        (1993)
    3. Apas Jumagulov
       Apas Jumagulov
       Apas Jumagulov served as the Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan from 14 December 1993 to 24 March 1998....
       
       , Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan
       Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan
       The Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan is the head of government of Kyrgyzstan. Generally, the President is in a stronger position than the Prime Minister in Kyrgyzstan. The president is allowed to appoint the Prime Minister temporarily, and his appointment is known as the acting Prime Minister...
       
        (1993–1998)
• Laos
  Laos
  Laos Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south and Thailand to the west...
  
   -
  • Communist Party Leader - Khamtai Siphandon
    Khamtai Siphandon
    General Khamtai Siphandon is a Laotian politician who was President of Laos from February 24, 1998, until June 8, 2006, when he was officially replaced by Choummaly Sayasone....
    
    , General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party
    Lao People's Revolutionary Party
    The Lao People's Revolutionary Party is a communist political party that has governed Laos since 1975. The policy-making organs are the politburo and the central committee. A party congress, which elects members to the politburo and central committee, is held every five years...
    
     (1992–2006)
  • President - Nouhak Phoumsavanh
    Nouhak Phoumsavanh
    Nouhak Phoumsavanh or Phoumsavan was a longtime Pathet Lao revolutionary and communist party official who was President of Laos from 1992 to 1998....
    
    , President of Laos
    President of Laos
    The President of Laos is the head of state of the People's Democratic Republic of Laos.The office of the President was created in 1975, after the takeover of the country by the Pathet Lao, which abolished the monarchy. A member of the deposed royal family, Prince Souphanouvong, was the first...
    
     (1992–1998)
  • Premier - Khamtai Siphandon
    Khamtai Siphandon
    General Khamtai Siphandon is a Laotian politician who was President of Laos from February 24, 1998, until June 8, 2006, when he was officially replaced by Choummaly Sayasone....
    
    , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos
    Prime Minister of Laos
    The Prime Minister of Laos is the head of government of the People's Democratic Republic of Laos.-Prime Ministers:-Trivia:Between December 1959 to December 1960, Laos had 6 different Prime Ministers, after being ousted by 6 different political coups....
    
     (1991–1998)
• Lebanon
  Lebanon
  Lebanon , officially the Republic of LebanonRepublic of Lebanon is the most common term used by Lebanese government agencies. The term Lebanese Republic, a literal translation of the official Arabic and French names that is not used in today's world. Arabic is the most common language spoken among...
  
   -
  • President - Elias Hrawi
    Elias Hrawi
    Elias Hrawi was a President of Lebanon, whose term of office ran from 1989 to 1998.He was a native of the Beqaa valley. He was elected on 24 November 1989, two days after the assassination of René Moawad, who had held office for just seventeen days...
    
    , President of Lebanon (1989–1998)
  • Prime Minister - Rafic Hariri, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1992–1998)
• Macau
  Macau
  Macau , also spelled Macao , is, along with Hong Kong, one of the two special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China...
  
   (overseas province of Portugal)
  • Governor - Vasco Joaquim Rocha Vieira
    Vasco Joaquim Rocha Vieira
    Vasco Joaquim Rocha Vieira was the last Governor of Macau.-Background:He is the son of João da Silva Vieira Vasco Joaquim Rocha Vieira (b. Lagoa, 16 August 1939) was the last Governor of Macau.-Background:He is the son of João da Silva Vieira Vasco Joaquim Rocha Vieira (b. Lagoa, 16 August 1939)...
    
    , Governor of Macau
    Governor of Macau
    The Governor of Macau was a Portuguese colonial official who headed the colony of Macau, before 1623 called Captain-major . The post was replaced on December 20, 1999 upon the transfer of administration to the People's Republic of China by the office of the Chief Executive of the Macau Special...
    
     (1991–1999)
• Malaysia -
  • Monarch - Sultan Azlan Shah, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia
    Yang di-Pertuan Agong
    The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is the head of state of Malaysia. The office was established in 1957 when the Federation of Malaya gained independence....
    
     (1989–1994)
  • Prime Minister - Mahathir Mohamad, Prime Minister of Malaysia
    Prime Minister of Malaysia
    The Prime Minister of Malaysia is the indirectly elected head of government of Malaysia. He is officially appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the head of state, who in HM's judgment is likely to command the confidence of the majority of the members of that House of Representatives , the...
    
     (1981–2003)
• Maldives
  Maldives
  The Maldives , , officially Republic of Maldives , also referred to as the Maldive Islands, is an island nation in the Indian Ocean formed by a double chain of twenty-six atolls oriented north-south off India's Lakshadweep islands, between Minicoy Island and...
  
   -
  • President - Maumoon Abdul Gayoom
    Maumoon Abdul Gayoom
    Maumoon Abdul Gayoom was President of the Maldives from 1978 to 2008. After serving as Minister of Transport, he was nominated as President by the Majlis of the Maldives and succeeded Ibrahim Nasir on November 11, 1978. He eventually became the longest-ruling head of government in Asia...
    
    , President of the Maldives
    President of the Maldives
    The President of the Maldives is the Head of State and Head of Government and first citizen of the Republic of Maldives and the Supreme Commander of the Maldivian armed forces.The current President of the Republic of Maldives is Mohamed Nasheed....
    
     (1978–2008)
• Mongolia
  Mongolia
  Mongolia is a landlocked country in East and Central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south, east and west. Although Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, its western-most point is only from Kazakhstan's eastern tip. Ulan Bator, the capital and largest...
  
   -
  • President - Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat, President of Mongolia
    President of Mongolia
    The President of Mongolia is the head of state of Mongolia. The Constitution of Mongolia implements a parliamentary system, so while much of the President's role is ceremonial, he or she does wield significant political power.-Election:...
    
     (1990–1997)
  • Prime Minister - Puntsagiin Jasrai
    Puntsagiin Jasrai
    Puntsagiin Jasrai was a Mongolian politician. He was the Prime Minister of Mongolia from 21 July 1992 until 19 July 1996.-Education and early career:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Mongolia
    Prime Minister of Mongolia
    The Prime Minister of Mongolia is the highest member of the Mongolian government's executive arm, and heads the Mongolian cabinet. The Prime Minister is appointed by Parliament, and can be removed by a vote of no confidence.-Powers:...
    
     (1992–1996)
• Myanmar
  Myanmar
  Burma , officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar , is a country in Southeast Asia. Burma is bordered by China on the northeast, Laos on the east, Thailand on the southeast, Bangladesh on the west, India on the northwest, the Bay of Bengal to the southwest, and the Andaman Sea on the south....
  
   -
  • Head of State - Than Shwe
    Than Shwe
    Senior General Than Shwe is a Burmese military leader and politician who was chairman of the State Peace and Development Council from 1992 to 2011. During the period, he held key positions of power including commander-in-chief of the Myanmar Armed Forces and head of Union Solidarity and...
    
    , Chairman of the State Law and Order Restoration Council of Myanmar
    President of Burma
    The President of Burma is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, and leads the executive branch of the Burmese government, and heads the Cabinet of Burma. The president is elected by members of parliament, not by the general population. The Presidential...
    
     (1992–2011)
  • Prime Minister - Than Shwe
    Than Shwe
    Senior General Than Shwe is a Burmese military leader and politician who was chairman of the State Peace and Development Council from 1992 to 2011. During the period, he held key positions of power including commander-in-chief of the Myanmar Armed Forces and head of Union Solidarity and...
    
    , Prime Minister of Myanmar
    Prime Minister of Myanmar
    The Prime Minister of Burma was the head of government of Burma, also called Myanmar, from 1948 to 2011.-History of the office:The position of Prime Minister was created in 1948, when Burma gained independence from the United Kingdom. Since then, eleven people have held the office...
    
     (1992–2003)
• Nepal -
  • Monarch - Birendra
    Birendra of Nepal
    Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev was a King of Nepal. The son of King Mahendra, whom he succeeded in 1972, he reigned until his death in the 2001 Nepalese royal massacre...
    
    , King of Nepal
    Nepalese monarchy
    The Kingdom of Nepal , also referred to as the Gorkha Kingdom, was formed in 1768 by the unification of Nepal. Founded by Prithvi Narayan Shah The Kingdom of Nepal , also referred to as the Gorkha Kingdom, was formed in 1768 by the unification of Nepal. Founded by Prithvi Narayan Shah The Kingdom...
    
     (1972–2001)
  • Prime Minister - Girija Prasad Koirala
    Girija Prasad Koirala
    Girija Prasad Koirala was a Nepalese politician and the President of the Nepali Congress, a major political party. He was Prime Minister of Nepal for four times, serving from 1991 to 1994, 1998 to 1999, 2000 to 2001, and from 2006 to 2008; he was also Acting Head of State from January 2007 to July...
    
    , Prime Minister of Nepal (1991–1994)
• Oman
  Oman
  Oman , officially called the Sultanate of Oman , is an Arab state in southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by the United Arab Emirates to the northwest, Saudi Arabia to the west, and Yemen to the southwest. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the...
  
   -
  • Monarch - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Sultan of Oman (1970–present)
  • Prime Minister - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Prime Minister of Oman (1972–present)
• Pakistan
  Pakistan
  Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
  
   -
  • President -
    1. Ghulam Ishaq Khan
       Ghulam Ishaq Khan
       Ghulam Ishaq Khan , abbreviated as GIK, was the seventh President of Pakistan from August 17, 1988 until July 18, 1993 and a career statesman from the start to the end of cold war...
       
       , President of Pakistan
       President of Pakistan
       The President of Pakistan is the head of state, as well as figurehead, of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Recently passed an XVIII Amendment , Pakistan has a parliamentary democratic system of government. According to the Constitution, the President is chosen by the Electoral College to serve a...
       
        (1988–1993)
    2. Wasim Sajjad
       Wasim Sajjad
       Wasim Sajjad was interim President of Pakistan on two occasions, serving as interim President prior to elections. Currently, being a member of PML-Q, he is the Leader of the Opposition in Senate of Pakistan.- Early life :...
       
       , Acting President of Pakistan
       President of Pakistan
       The President of Pakistan is the head of state, as well as figurehead, of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Recently passed an XVIII Amendment , Pakistan has a parliamentary democratic system of government. According to the Constitution, the President is chosen by the Electoral College to serve a...
       
        (1993)
    3. Farooq Leghari
       Farooq Leghari
       Sardar Farooq Ahmad Khan Leghari was the eighth President of Pakistan from November 14, 1993 until December 2, 1997...
       
       , President of Pakistan
       President of Pakistan
       The President of Pakistan is the head of state, as well as figurehead, of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Recently passed an XVIII Amendment , Pakistan has a parliamentary democratic system of government. According to the Constitution, the President is chosen by the Electoral College to serve a...
       
        (1993–1997)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Nawaz Sharif
       Nawaz Sharif
       Mian Mohammad Nawaz Sharif is a Pakistani conservative politician and steel magnate who served as 12th Prime Minister of Pakistan in two non-consecutive terms from November 1990 to July 1993, and from February 1997 to October 12, 1999...
       
       , Prime Minister of Pakistan
       Prime Minister of Pakistan
       The Prime Minister of Pakistan , is the Head of Government of Pakistan who is designated to exercise as the country's Chief Executive. By the Constitution of Pakistan, Pakistan has the parliamentary democratic system of government...
       
        (1990–1993)
    2. Balakh Sher Mazari
       Balakh Sher Mazari
       Sardar Mir Balakh Sher Mazari is the Chieftain and the Paramount Sardar of the Mazari tribe, which is situated on the tri-border area of Balochistan, Sindh and Punjab provinces of Pakistan. As the Chief of Mazaris he holds the title of Mir and also goes by the styles of Tumandar and Sardar. Mir...
       
       , Prime Minister of Pakistan
       Prime Minister of Pakistan
       The Prime Minister of Pakistan , is the Head of Government of Pakistan who is designated to exercise as the country's Chief Executive. By the Constitution of Pakistan, Pakistan has the parliamentary democratic system of government...
       
        (1993)
    3. Nawaz Sharif
       Nawaz Sharif
       Mian Mohammad Nawaz Sharif is a Pakistani conservative politician and steel magnate who served as 12th Prime Minister of Pakistan in two non-consecutive terms from November 1990 to July 1993, and from February 1997 to October 12, 1999...
       
       , Prime Minister of Pakistan
       Prime Minister of Pakistan
       The Prime Minister of Pakistan , is the Head of Government of Pakistan who is designated to exercise as the country's Chief Executive. By the Constitution of Pakistan, Pakistan has the parliamentary democratic system of government...
       
        (1993)
    4. Moeenuddin Ahmad Qureshi
       Moeenuddin Ahmad Qureshi
       Moeenuddin Ahmad Qureshi, usually referred to as Moeen Qureshi, is a Pakistani economist and political figure. A former Vice President of the World Bank, he was the Interim Prime Minister of Pakistan from July 18, 1993 until 19 October, 1993....
       
       , Prime Minister of Pakistan
       Prime Minister of Pakistan
       The Prime Minister of Pakistan , is the Head of Government of Pakistan who is designated to exercise as the country's Chief Executive. By the Constitution of Pakistan, Pakistan has the parliamentary democratic system of government...
       
        (1993)
    5. Benazir Bhutto
       Benazir Bhutto
       Benazir Bhutto was a democratic socialist who served as the 11th Prime Minister of Pakistan in two non-consecutive terms from 1988 until 1990 and 1993 until 1996....
       
       , Prime Minister of Pakistan
       Prime Minister of Pakistan
       The Prime Minister of Pakistan , is the Head of Government of Pakistan who is designated to exercise as the country's Chief Executive. By the Constitution of Pakistan, Pakistan has the parliamentary democratic system of government...
       
        (1993–1996)
• Philippines
  Philippines
  The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...
  
   -
  • President - Fidel V. Ramos
    Fidel V. Ramos
    Fidel "Eddie" Valdez Ramos , popularly known as FVR, was the 12th President of the Philippines from 1992 to 1998. During his six years in office, Ramos was widely credited and admired by many for revitalizing and renewing international confidence in the Philippine economy.Prior to his election as...
    
    , President of the Philippines (1992–1998)
• Qatar
  Qatar
  Qatar , also known as the State of Qatar or locally Dawlat Qaṭar, is a sovereign Arab state, located in the Middle East, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeasterly coast of the much larger Arabian Peninsula. Its sole land border is with Saudi Arabia to the south, with the rest of its...
  
   -
  • Monarch - Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani
    Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani
    Emir Shaikh Khalifa bin Hamad bin Abdullah bin Jassim bin Muhammed Al Thani GCB GCMG was the Emir of Qatar from 1972 until he was deposed by his son Hamad bin Khalifa in 1995....
    
    , Emir of Qatar (1972–1995)
  • Prime Minister - Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani
    Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani
    Emir Shaikh Khalifa bin Hamad bin Abdullah bin Jassim bin Muhammed Al Thani GCB GCMG was the Emir of Qatar from 1972 until he was deposed by his son Hamad bin Khalifa in 1995....
    
    , Prime Minister of Qatar (1970–1995)
• Saudi Arabia
  Saudi Arabia
  The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , commonly known in British English as Saudi Arabia and in Arabic as as-Sa‘ūdiyyah , is the largest state in Western Asia by land area, constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and the second-largest in the Arab World...
  
  
  • Monarch - Fahd
    Fahd of Saudi Arabia
    Fahd bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud, Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, was King of Saudi Arabia from 1982 to 2005...
    
    , King of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005)
  • Prime Minister - Fahd
    Fahd of Saudi Arabia
    Fahd bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud, Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, was King of Saudi Arabia from 1982 to 2005...
    
    , Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia
    Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia
    The Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia is formally the Head of government under the Malik , the rather absolute Head of State of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.-History:...
    
     (1982–2005)
• Singapore
  Singapore
  Singapore , officially the Republic of Singapore, is a Southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, north of the equator. An island country made up of 63 islands, it is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the...
  
   -
  • President -
    1. Wee Kim Wee
       Wee Kim Wee
       Wee Kim Wee GCB was the fourth President of Singapore from 2 September 1985 to 1 September 1993.-Early life:Born into a humble family, Wee Kim Wee was the son of a clerk, Wee Choong Lay and his wife Chua Lay Hua. His father died when he was eight...
       
       , President of Singapore
       President of Singapore
       The President of the Republic of Singapore is Singapore's head of state. In a Westminster parliamentary system, as which Singapore governs itself, the prime minister is the head of the government while the position of president is largely ceremonial. Before 1993, the President of Singapore was...
       
        (1985–1993)
    2. Ong Teng Cheong
       Ong Teng Cheong
       Ong Teng Cheong was the first directly elected President of the Republic of Singapore. He was the nation's fifth President, and served a six-year term from 1 September 1993 to 31 August 1999.-Early life:...
       
       , President of Singapore
       President of Singapore
       The President of the Republic of Singapore is Singapore's head of state. In a Westminster parliamentary system, as which Singapore governs itself, the prime minister is the head of the government while the position of president is largely ceremonial. Before 1993, the President of Singapore was...
       
        (1993–1999)
  • Prime Minister - Goh Chok Tong
    Goh Chok Tong
    Goh Chok Tong is the Senior Minister of Singapore and the chairman of the central bank of Singapore, the Monetary Authority of Singapore. He also served as the second Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore from 28 November 1990 to 12 August 2004, succeeding Lee Kuan Yew, the former Prime...
    
    , Prime Minister of Singapore
    Prime Minister of Singapore
    The Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore is the head of the government of the Republic of Singapore. The President of Singapore appoints as Prime Minister a Member of Parliament who, in his opinion, is most likely to command the confidence of a majority of MPs.The office of Prime Minister...
    
     (1990–2004)
• Sri Lanka
  Sri Lanka
  Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is a country off the southern coast of the Indian subcontinent. Known until 1972 as Ceylon , Sri Lanka is an island surrounded by the Indian Ocean, the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait, and lies in the vicinity of India and the...
  
   -
  • President -
    1. Ranasinghe Premadasa
       Ranasinghe Premadasa
       Ranasinghe Premadasa was the 3rd President of Sri Lanka from January 2, 1989 to May 1, 1993. Before that, he served as the Prime Minister in the government headed by J. R. Jayewardene from February 6, 1978 to January 1, 1989...
       
       , President of Sri Lanka
       President of Sri Lanka
       The President of Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is the elected head of state and the head of government. The President is a dominant political figure in Sri Lanka. The office was created in 1978 but has grown so powerful there have been calls to restrict or even eliminate its power...
       
        (1989–1993)
    2. Dingiri Banda Wijetunga
       Dingiri Banda Wijetunga
       Dingiri Banda Wijetunga was the President of Sri Lanka from May 1, 1993 to November 12, 1994, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka from March 3, 1989 to May 7, 1993 and the Governor of North Western province, Sri Lanka from 1988 to 1989.-Early life:...
       
       , President of Sri Lanka
       President of Sri Lanka
       The President of Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is the elected head of state and the head of government. The President is a dominant political figure in Sri Lanka. The office was created in 1978 but has grown so powerful there have been calls to restrict or even eliminate its power...
       
        (1993–1994)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Dingiri Banda Wijetunga
       Dingiri Banda Wijetunga
       Dingiri Banda Wijetunga was the President of Sri Lanka from May 1, 1993 to November 12, 1994, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka from March 3, 1989 to May 7, 1993 and the Governor of North Western province, Sri Lanka from 1988 to 1989.-Early life:...
       
       , Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (1989–1993)
    2. Ranil Wickremasinghe
       Ranil Wickremasinghe
       Ranil Shriyan Wickremesinghe , MP, is a Sri Lankan politician and current Leader of the Opposition in the Sri Lankan parliament. He was Prime Minister of Sri Lanka twice, from May 7, 1993 to August 19, 1994 and from December 9, 2001 to April 6, 2004...
       
       , Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (1993–1994)
• Syria
  Syria
  Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest....
  
   -
  • President - Hafez al-Assad
    Hafez al-Assad
    Hafez ibn 'Ali ibn Sulayman al-Assad or more commonly Hafez al-Assad was the President of Syria for three decades. Assad's rule consolidated the power of the central government after decades of coups and counter-coups, such as Operation Wappen in 1957 conducted by the Eisenhower administration and...
    
    , President of Syria (1971–2000)
  • Prime Minister - Mahmoud Zuabi
    Mahmoud Zuabi
    Mahmoud Zuabi was Syria's Prime Minister from November 1, 1987 until March 7, 2000.- Early life :...
    
    , Prime Minister of Syria (1987–2000)
• Taiwan (Republic of China)
  Republic of China
  The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan , which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor...
  
   -
  • President - Lee Teng-hui
    Lee Teng-hui
    Lee Teng-hui is a politician of the Republic of China . He was the 7th, 8th, and 9th-term President of the Republic of China and Chairman of the Kuomintang from 1988 to 2000. He presided over major advancements in democratic reforms including his own re-election which marked the first direct...
    
    , President of the Republic of China
    President of the Republic of China
    The President of the Republic of China is the head of state and commander-in-chief of the Republic of China . The Republic of China was founded on January 1, 1912, to govern all of China...
    
     (1988–2000)
  • Premier -
    1. Hau Pei-tsun
       Hau Pei-tsun
       Hau Pei-tsun was Premier of the Republic of China from May 30, 1990 to February 10, 1993 and a 4-star general in the ROC Army.-Biography:Born to a well-to-do family in Yancheng, Jiangsu, Hau received a military education from the Chinese Military Academy, Chinese Army University, U.S. Army Command...
       
       , President of the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China
       Premier of the Republic of China
       The President of the Executive Yuan , commonly known as the Premier of the Republic of China , is the head of the Executive Yuan, the executive branch of the Republic of China , which currently administers Taiwan, Matsu, and Kinmen. The premier is appointed by the President of the Republic of China...
       
        (1990–1993)
    2. Lien Chan
       Lien Chan
       Lien Chan is a politician in Taiwan. He was Premier of the Republic of China from 1993 to 1997, Vice President of the Republic of China from 1996 to 2000, and was the Chairman of the Kuomintang from 2000 to 2005...
       
       , President of the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China
       Premier of the Republic of China
       The President of the Executive Yuan , commonly known as the Premier of the Republic of China , is the head of the Executive Yuan, the executive branch of the Republic of China , which currently administers Taiwan, Matsu, and Kinmen. The premier is appointed by the President of the Republic of China...
       
        (1993–1997)
• Tajikistan
  Tajikistan
  Tajikistan , officially the Republic of Tajikistan , is a mountainous landlocked country in Central Asia. Afghanistan borders it to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east....
  
   -
  • President - Emomali Rahmonov
    Emomali Rahmonov
    Emomalii Rahmon has served as the head of state of the Republic of Tajikistan since 1992, under the position of President since 1994.-Biography:...
    
    , President of Tajikistan (1992–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Abdumalik Abdullajanov
       Abdumalik Abdullajanov
       Abdumalik Abdullayevich Abdullajanov is a Tajikistani politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Tajikistan from September 21, 1992 to December 18, 1993. He resigned as Prime Minister to become Tajikistan's first ambassador to Russia....
       
       , Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1992–1993)
    2. Abdujalil Samadov
       Abdujalil Samadov
       Abdujalil Akhadovich Samadov was prime minister of Tajikistan between December 18, 1993 and December 2, 1994.-References:...
       
       , Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1993–1994)
• Thailand
  Thailand
  Thailand , officially the Kingdom of Thailand , formerly known as Siam , is a country located at the centre of the Indochina peninsula and Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the...
  
   -
  • Monarch - Bhumibol Adulyadej
    Bhumibol Adulyadej
    Bhumibol Adulyadej is the current King of Thailand. He is known as Rama IX...
    
    , King of Thailand (1946–present)
  • Prime Minister - Chuan Leekpai
    Chuan Leekpai
    Chuan Leekpai was the Prime Minister of Thailand from September 20, 1992 to May 19, 1995 and again from November 9, 1997 to February 9, 2001. A third-generation Thai Chinese, Chuan was born in Trang province in a grass-roofed house. The walls of his family's house were woven from strips of...
    
    , Prime Minister of Thailand (1992–1995)
• Turkey
  Turkey
  Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
  
   -
  • President -
    1. Turgut Özal
       Turgut Özal
       Halil Turgut Özal was Prime Minister of Turkey and President of Turkey . As Prime Minister, he transformed the economy of Turkey by paving the way for the privatization of many state enterprises.-Early life and career:...
       
       , President of Turkey (1989–1993)
    2. Hüsamettin Cindoruk
       Hüsamettin Cindoruk
       Hüsamettin Cindoruk is a Turkish politician and the 17th Speaker of the Parliament of Turkey between 1991-1995. He has also been the leader of two political parties, notably of the True Path Party.-Biography:...
       
       , Acting President of Turkey (1993)
    3. Süleyman Demirel
       Süleyman Demirel
       Sami Süleyman Gündoğdu Demirel, better known as Süleyman Demirel , is a Turkish politician who served as Prime Minister seven times and was the ninth President of Turkey.-Life:Demirel was born in İslamköy, a town in Isparta Province...
       
       , President of Turkey (1993–2000)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Süleyman Demirel
       Süleyman Demirel
       Sami Süleyman Gündoğdu Demirel, better known as Süleyman Demirel , is a Turkish politician who served as Prime Minister seven times and was the ninth President of Turkey.-Life:Demirel was born in İslamköy, a town in Isparta Province...
       
       , Prime Minister of Turkey (1991–1993)
    2. Erdal İnönü
       Erdal Inönü
       Erdal İnönü was a Turkish physicist and politician. He was the son of Turkey's second president İsmet İnönü...
       
       , Acting Prime Minister of Turkey (1993)
    3. Tansu Çiller
       Tansu Çiller
       Tansu Penbe Çiller is a Turkish economist and politician. She was Turkey's first and only female Prime Minister.- Early career :She is the daughter of a Turkish governor of Bilecik province during the 1950s. She graduated from the School of Economics at Robert College after finishing the American...
       
       , Prime Minister of Turkey (1993–1996)
• Turkmenistan
  Turkmenistan
  Turkmenistan , formerly also known as Turkmenia is one of the Turkic states in Central Asia. Until 1991, it was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic . Turkmenistan is one of the six independent Turkic states...
  
   -
  • President - Saparmurat Niyazov
    Saparmurat Niyazov
    Saparmurat Atayevich Niyazov; , was a Turkmen politician who served as President of Turkmenistan from 2 November 1990 until his death in 2006...
    
    , President of Turkmenistan
    President of Turkmenistan
    -First Secretaries of the Turkmen Communist Party:*Ivan Mezhlauk *Shaymardan Ibragimov *Nikolay Paskutsky *Grigory Aronshtam...
    
     (1990–2006)
• United Arab Emirates
  United Arab Emirates
  The United Arab Emirates, abbreviated as the UAE, or shortened to "the Emirates", is a state situated in the southeast of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman, and Saudi Arabia, and sharing sea borders with Iraq, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, and Iran.The UAE is a...
  
   -
  • President - Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates
    President of the United Arab Emirates
    The President is the Head of State of the United Arab Emirates. Because the current ruler of Abu Dhabi customarily also holds the presidency of the UAE, the office is de facto hereditary. The President is also Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces and Chairman of the Supreme Council and...
    
     (1971–2004)
  • Prime Minister - Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum
    Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum
    Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum , also referred to as Sheikh Maktoum was the Vice President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates and the emir of Dubai.-Biography:...
    
    , Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1990–2006)
• Uzbekistan
  Uzbekistan
  Uzbekistan , officially the Republic of Uzbekistan is a doubly landlocked country in Central Asia and one of the six independent Turkic states. It shares borders with Kazakhstan to the west and to the north, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to the east, and Afghanistan and Turkmenistan to the south....
  
   -
  • President - Islam Karimov, President of Uzbekistan
    President of Uzbekistan
    President of the Republic of Uzbekistan is the Head of State and executive authority in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The office of President was established in 1991 replacing the position of First secretary of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan that has existed since 1925 while the country was known...
    
     (1990–present)
  • Prime Minister - Abdulhashim Mutalov, Prime Minister of Uzbekistan
    Prime Minister of Uzbekistan
    According to the Constitution of Uzbekistan, the Prime Minister of Uzbekistan and the deputy ministers are appointed by the President.-Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars:*Fayzulla Khodzhayev...
    
     (1992–1995)
• Vietnam
  Vietnam
  Vietnam – sometimes spelled Viet Nam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam – is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea –...
  
   -
  • Communist Party Leader - Đỗ Mười, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam
    General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam
    The General Secretary is the leader of the Communist Party of Vietnam. The activities of Politburo and Secretariat are directed by the General Secretary. The post holder also maintains the top position in the Party's Central Military Commission, which is considered the supreme military...
    
     (1991–1997)
  • President - Lê Đức Anh, President of Vietnam
    President of Vietnam
    The President of Vietnam is the head of state of Vietnam, although the functions of the President are often ceremonial...
    
     (1992–1997)
  • Prime Minister - Võ Văn Kiệt
    Vo Van Kiet
    Võ Văn Kiệt was a Vietnamese politician and statesman. He was a veteran fighter in the long war against French and then American military forces in South Vietnam, and lost his first wife and two children to US bombing...
    
    , Prime Minister of Vietnam
    Prime Minister of Vietnam
    -Office:The Prime Minister of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is the head of the executive branch of the Vietnamese government. The Prime Minister presides over the Vietnamese cabinet, and is responsible for appointing and supervising ministers...
    
     (1991–1997)
• Yemen
  Yemen
  The Republic of Yemen , commonly known as Yemen , is a country located in the Middle East, occupying the southwestern to southern end of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Red Sea to the west, and Oman to the east....
  
   -
  • President - Ali Abdullah Saleh
    Ali Abdullah Saleh
    Field Marshal Ali Abdullah Saleh is the first President of the Republic of Yemen. Saleh previously served as President of the Yemen Arab Republic from 1978 until 1990, at which time he assumed the office of chairman of the Presidential Council of a post-unification Yemen. He is the...
    
    , President of Yemen
    President of Yemen
    The President of the Republic of Yemen is the head of state of Yemen.Under the Constitution of Yemen, the president is also the supreme commander of the armed forces and head of the executive branch of the Yemeni government....
    
     (1978–present)
  • Prime Minister - Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas
    Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas
    Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas was appointed Prime Minister of Yemen by President Ali Abdullah Saleh when the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen and Yemen Arab Republic united in 1990 to form present-day Yemen. Al-Attas served until 1994...
    
    , Prime Minister of Yemen
    Prime Minister of Yemen
    The Prime Minister of the Republic of Yemen is the head of government in that country. The current Prime Minister, Ali Muhammad Mujawar, has held the position since 7 April 2007. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President...
    
     (1990–1994)

Europe

• Albania
  Albania
  Albania , officially known as the Republic of Albania , is a country in Southeastern Europe, in the Balkans region. It is bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, the Republic of Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south and southeast. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea...
  
   -
  • President - Sali Berisha
    Sali Berisha
    Sali Ram Berisha is an Albanian politician and cardiologist, currently the Prime Minister of Albania and the leader of Democratic Party of Albania ....
    
    , President of Albania (1992–1997)
  • Prime Minister - Aleksander Meksi
    Aleksander Meksi
    Aleksandër Gabriel Meksi was the Prime Minister of Albania from April 13, 1992 to March 11, 1997. A former archaeologist he was the first person to be prime minister of Albania after the end of communist rule....
    
    , Prime Minister of Albania (1992–1997)
• Andorra
  Andorra
  Andorra , officially the Principality of Andorra , also called the Principality of the Valleys of Andorra, , is a small landlocked country in southwestern Europe, located in the eastern Pyrenees mountains and bordered by Spain and France. It is the sixth smallest nation in Europe having an area of...
  
   -
  • Monarchs -
    • French Co-Prince - François Mitterrand
      François Mitterrand
      François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand was the 21st President of the French Republic and ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra, serving from 1981 until 1995. He is the longest-serving President of France and, as leader of the Socialist Party, the only figure from the left so far elected President...
      
      , French Co-Prince of Andorra (1981–1995)
    • Episcopal Co-Prince - Joan Martí i Alanis, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1971–2003)
  • Prime Minister - Òscar Ribas Reig
    Òscar Ribas Reig
    Oscar Ribas Reig was the first prime minister of Andorra in 1982. He twice served as head of government, firstly from 8 January 1982 to 21 May 1984 with National Liberal party and then from 12 January 1990 to 7 December 1994 with the National Democratic Agreement party...
    
    , Head of Government of Andorra
    Head of Government of Andorra
    The Head of Government is the chief executive of the government of the Principality of Andorra.The current Cap de Govern is Antoni Martí.-Heads of Government:-See also:*List of Co-Princes of Andorra...
    
     (1990–1994)
• Armenia
  Armenia
  Armenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia...
  
   -
  • President - Levon Ter-Petrossian
    Levon Ter-Petrossian
    Levon Ter-Petrossian , sometimes transliterated Levon Ter-Petrosyan or Ter-Petrosian , was the first President of Armenia from 1991 to 1998...
    
    , President of Armenia
    President of Armenia
    President of Armenia is the title of the head of state of Armenia since its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.-Democratic Republic of Armenia :*Avetis Aharonyan *Avetik Sahakyan *Avetis Aharonyan -Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and Armenian...
    
     (1990–1998)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Khosrov Harutyunyan
       Khosrov Harutyunyan
       Khosrov Harutyunyan served as the Prime Minister of Armenia from 30 July 1992 until 2 February 1993.-References:...
       
       , Prime Minister of Armenia
       Prime Minister of Armenia
       The Prime Minister of Armenia is the most senior minister within the Armenian government, and is required by the constitution to "oversee the Government's regular activities and coordinate the work of the Ministers." The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Armenia, but can be removed by...
       
        (1992–1993)
    2. Hrant Bagratyan
       Hrant Bagratyan
       Hrant Bagratyan was born on October 18, 1958, in Yerevan, Armenia. He was the Prime Minister of Armenia from February 2, 1993 until November 4, 1996. He was a member of the Pan-Armenian National Movement party. He has PhD in Economics, author of more than 52 scientific articles and 7 books...
       
       , Prime Minister of Armenia
       Prime Minister of Armenia
       The Prime Minister of Armenia is the most senior minister within the Armenian government, and is required by the constitution to "oversee the Government's regular activities and coordinate the work of the Ministers." The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Armenia, but can be removed by...
       
        (1993–1996)
• Austria
  Austria
  Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
  
   -
  • President - Thomas Klestil
    Thomas Klestil
    Thomas Klestil was an Austrian diplomat and politician. He was elected the tenth President of Austria in 1992 and was re-elected to the position in 1998...
    
    , Federal President of Austria
    President of Austria
    The President of Austria is the federal head of state of Austria. Though theoretically entrusted with great power by the constitution, in practice the President acts, for the most part, merely as a ceremonial figurehead...
    
     (1992–2004)
  • Chancellor - Franz Vranitzky
    Franz Vranitzky
    Franz Vranitzky is an Austrian politician. A member of the Social Democratic Party of Austria , he was Chancellor of Austria from 1986 to 1997.-Early life and career:...
    
    , Federal Chancellor of Austria
    Chancellor of Austria
    The Federal Chancellor is the head of government in Austria. Its deputy is the Vice-Chancellor. Before 1918, the equivalent office was the Minister-President of Austria. The Federal Chancellor is considered to be the most powerful political position in Austrian politics.-Appointment:The...
    
     (1986–1997)
• Azerbaijan
  Azerbaijan
  Azerbaijan , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan is the largest country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to...
  
   -
  • President -
    1. Abulfaz Elchibey, President of Azerbaijan
       President of Azerbaijan
       The country of Azerbaijan is a presidential republic, with the President of Azerbaijan as the head of state, and the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan as head of government...
       
        (1992–1993)
    2. Heydar Aliyev
       Heydar Aliyev
       Heydar Alirza oglu Aliyev , also spelled as Heidar Aliev, Geidar Aliev, Haydar Aliyev, Geydar Aliyev was the third President of Azerbaijan for the New Azerbaijan Party from June 1993 to October 2003, when his son Ilham Aliyev succeeded him.From 1969 till 1982, Aliyev was also the leader of Soviet...
       
       , President of Azerbaijan
       President of Azerbaijan
       The country of Azerbaijan is a presidential republic, with the President of Azerbaijan as the head of state, and the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan as head of government...
       
        (1993–2003)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Rahim Huseynov
       Rahim Huseynov
       Rahim Huseynov Alihuseyn oglu , , was the 3rd Prime Minister of Azerbaijan.-Early life:Huseynov was born on April 5, 1936 in Baku, Azerbaijan. He graduating from school, Huseynov studied at Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys from 1953 through 1959 obtaining a degree in Metallurgy Engineering...
       
       , Prime Minister of Azerbaijan
       Prime Minister of Azerbaijan
       The Prime Minister of Azerbaijan is the head of government of Azerbaijan. The current prime minister is Artur Rasizade.-Prime Ministers:* Fath Ali Khan Khoyski * Nasib Yusifbeyli...
       
        (1992–1993)
    2. Ali Masimov
       Ali Masimov
       Ali Masimov Ahmad oglu , , also known as Ali Masimli, served as Deputy Prime Minister of Azerbaijan on Economic Policies and acted as Prime Minister of Azerbaijan for a brief period of time.-Early life:...
       
       , Prime Minister of Azerbaijan
       Prime Minister of Azerbaijan
       The Prime Minister of Azerbaijan is the head of government of Azerbaijan. The current prime minister is Artur Rasizade.-Prime Ministers:* Fath Ali Khan Khoyski * Nasib Yusifbeyli...
       
        (1993)
    3. Panakh Huseynov, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan
       Prime Minister of Azerbaijan
       The Prime Minister of Azerbaijan is the head of government of Azerbaijan. The current prime minister is Artur Rasizade.-Prime Ministers:* Fath Ali Khan Khoyski * Nasib Yusifbeyli...
       
        (1993)
    4. Suret Huseynov, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan
       Prime Minister of Azerbaijan
       The Prime Minister of Azerbaijan is the head of government of Azerbaijan. The current prime minister is Artur Rasizade.-Prime Ministers:* Fath Ali Khan Khoyski * Nasib Yusifbeyli...
       
        (1993–1994)
  • Nagorno-Karabakh
    Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
    The Nagorno-Karabakh Republic , or Artsakh Republic is a de facto independent republic located in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia...
    
     (unrecognized, secessionist state)
    • Head of State -
      1. Georgy Petrosyan, Acting Chairman of the Parliament of Nagorno-Karabakh
         President of Nagorno-Karabakh
         -Chairmen of Parliament :-Presidents :-Latest election:-See also:*Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic...
         
          (1992–1993)
      2. Garen Baburyan, Acting Chairman of the Parliament of Nagorno-Karabakh
         President of Nagorno-Karabakh
         -Chairmen of Parliament :-Presidents :-Latest election:-See also:*Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic...
         
          (1993–1994)
    • Prime Minister - Robert Kocharyan, Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh
      Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh
      -List of Prime Ministers of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic :-See also:*President of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic...
      
       (1992–1994)
• Belarus
  Belarus
  Belarus , officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered clockwise by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno , Gomel ,...
  
   -
  • Head of State - Stanislau Shushkevich, Chairman of Supreme Soviet of Republic of Belarus (1991–1994)
  • Premier - Vyachaslau Kebich
    Vyachaslau Kebich
    Vyachaslau Frantsavich Kebich is a political figure from Belarus. He was the first Prime Minister of the Republic of Belarus, serving from 1991 until 1994, having held the equivalent office of the Byelorussian SSR since 1990. Kebich was also one of two candidates in the final running for President...
    
    , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Belarus (1990–1994)
• Belgium
  Belgium
  Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...
  
   -
  • Monarch -
    1. Baudouin I, King of the Belgians
       Monarchy of Belgium
       Monarchy in Belgium is constitutional and popular in nature. The hereditary monarch, at present Albert II, is the head of state and is officially called King of the Belgians .-Origins:...
       
        (1951–1993)
    2. Dehaene government
       Jean-Luc Dehaene
       -Early life and political career:He was born in Montpellier, France, when his parents were fleeing German troops. He got into politics through the Algemeen Christelijk Werknemersverbond , a trade union which was closely linked to the Christelijke Volkspartij .In 1981, he became Minister of Social...
       
       , Acting Head of State of Belgium (1993)
    3. Albert II
       Albert II of Belgium
       Albert II is the current reigning King of the Belgians, a constitutional monarch. He is a member of the royal house "of Belgium"; formerly this house was named Saxe-Coburg-Gotha...
       
       , King of the Belgians
       Monarchy of Belgium
       Monarchy in Belgium is constitutional and popular in nature. The hereditary monarch, at present Albert II, is the head of state and is officially called King of the Belgians .-Origins:...
       
        (1993–present)
  • Prime Minister - Jean-Luc Dehaene
    Jean-Luc Dehaene
    -Early life and political career:He was born in Montpellier, France, when his parents were fleeing German troops. He got into politics through the Algemeen Christelijk Werknemersverbond , a trade union which was closely linked to the Christelijke Volkspartij .In 1981, he became Minister of Social...
    
    , Prime Minister of Belgium (1992–1999)
• Bosnia and Herzegovina
  Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was the direct main predecessor to the modern-day state of Bosnia and Herzegovina...
  
   -
  • President - Alija Izetbegović
    Alija Izetbegovic
    Alija Izetbegović was a Bosniak activist, lawyer, author, philosopher and politician, who, in 1990, became the first president of Bosnia and Herzegovina. He served in this role until 1996, when he became a member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, serving until 2000...
    
    , President of Bosnia and Herzegovina
    Chairmen of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
    The following is a list of Chairmen of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina:-See also:...
    
     (1990–1996)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Mile Akmadžić, Prime Minister of Bosnia and Hercegovina
       Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina
       The following is a list of Chairmen of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina:...
       
        (1992–1993)
    2. Haris Silajdžić
       Haris Silajdžic
       Haris Silajdžić is a Bosnian politician and academic. In the 2006 elections, Silajdžić was elected as the Bosniak member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina for four years in the rotating presidency.He was born in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Yugoslavia.- Political career:From 1990...
       
       , Prime Minister of Bosnia and Hercegovina
       Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina
       The following is a list of Chairmen of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina:...
       
        (1993–1996)
• Bulgaria
  Bulgaria
  Bulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east...
  
   -
  • President - Zhelyu Zhelev
    Zhelyu Zhelev
    Zhelyu Mitev Zhelev is a Bulgarian politician and former dissident who was the first democratically elected President of Bulgaria, he is elected for his first mandate by the Parliament for the period 1990 to 1992, in January 1992 general elections are held when he is reelected for his second...
    
    , President of Bulgaria (1990–1997)
  • Prime Minister - Lyuben Berov
    Lyuben Berov
    Lyuben Berov was a Bulgarian economist. He served as prime minister of Bulgaria from 1992 to 1994....
    
    , Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1992–1994)
• Croatia
  Croatia
  Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
  
   -
  • President - Franjo Tuđman, President of Croatia
    President of Croatia
    The President of Croatia , officially styled the President of the Republic represents the Republic of Croatia in the country and abroad as the head of state, maintains the regular and coordinated operation and stability of the national government system, and safeguards the independence and...
    
     (1990–1999)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Hrvoje Šarinić
       Hrvoje Šarinic
       Hrvoje Šarinić is a Croatian politician.Šarinić was born in Sušak, Rijeka and graduated from the University of Zagreb then-Faculty of Architecture, Construction and Geodesy....
       
       , President of the Government of Croatia (1992–1993)
    2. Nikica Valentić
       Nikica Valentic
       Nikica Valentić is a Croatian politician.Native of Gospić, Valentić graduated from the University of Zagreb Faculty of Law.Before being involved in politics, Valentić was a high-ranking official of INA, the Croatian oil company....
       
       , President of the Government of Croatia (1993–1995)
  • Republic of Serbian Krajina
    Republic of Serbian Krajina
    The Republic of Serbian Krajina was a self-proclaimed Serb entity within Croatia. Established in 1991, it was not recognized internationally. It formally existed from 1991 to 1995, having been initiated a year earlier via smaller separatist regions. The name Krajina means "frontier"...
    
     (unrecognized secessionist state)
    • President - Goran Hadžić
      Goran Hadžic
      Goran Hadžić is a former president of the Republic of Serbian Krajina who was in office during the Croatian War of Independence. He is accused of crimes against humanity and of violation of the laws and customs of war by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia.The court...
      
      , President of Serbian Krajina (1992–1994)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Zdravko Zecevic, Prime Minister of Serbian Krajina (1992–1993)
      2. Djordje Bjegovic, Prime Minister of Serbian Krajina (1993–1994)
• Cyprus
  Cyprus
  Cyprus , officially the Republic of Cyprus , is a Eurasian island country, member of the European Union, in the Eastern Mediterranean, east of Greece, south of Turkey, west of Syria and north of Egypt. It is the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.The earliest known human activity on the...
  
   -
  • President -
    1. George Vasiliou
       George Vasiliou
       Georgios Vasos Vassiliou was the third President of the Republic of Cyprus from 1988 to 1993. He was also the founder and leader of the Cypriot United Democrats party and a highly successful businessman....
       
       , President of Cyprus (1988–1993)
    2. Glafcos Clerides, President of Cyprus (1993–2003)
  • Northern Cyprus (unrecognized, secessionist state)
    • President - Rauf Denktaş
      Rauf Denktas
      Rauf Raif Denktaş is the founder and the first president of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus , a de facto state which is only recognized by Turkey...
      
      , President of Northern Cyprus
      President of Northern Cyprus
      The President of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is the head of state of the TRNC. Rauf Denktaş was the first and founder president of TRNC, and retired in 2005. His position was taken over by Mehmet Ali Talat, followed by the current president, Derviş Eroğlu.In the Turkish Republic of...
      
       (1975–2005)
    • Prime Minister - Derviş Eroğlu
      Dervis Eroglu
      Dr. Derviş Eroğlu is the President of the unrecognized Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. He was Prime Minister of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus from 1985 to 1994 and from 1996 to 2004, and leader of the National Unity Party. His party won the general elections in 2009 and Eroğlu...
      
      , Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus
      Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus
      The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President is head of state and the Prime Minister head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative...
      
       (1985–1994)
• Czech Republic
  Czech Republic
  The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
  
   -
  • the Czech Socialist Republic
    Czech Socialist Republic
    From 1969 to 1990, the Czech Socialist Republic was the official name of that part of Czechoslovakia that is the Czech Republic today. The name was used from 1 January 1969 to March 1990....
    
     gained independence on 1 January 1993 with the dissolution of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic
    Czech and Slovak Federal Republic
    Czech and Slovak Federal Republic was the official name of Czechoslovakia from April 1990 until 31 December 1992, when the country was dissolved into the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic.- Adoption of the name :Since 1960, Czechoslovakia's official name had been Czechoslovak Socialist Republic...
    
    
  • President - Václav Havel
    Václav Havel
    Václav Havel is a Czech playwright, essayist, poet, dissident and politician. He was the tenth and last President of Czechoslovakia and the first President of the Czech Republic . He has written over twenty plays and numerous non-fiction works, translated internationally...
    
    , President of the Czech Republic (1993–2003)
  • Prime Minister - Václav Klaus
    Václav Klaus
    Václav Klaus is the second President of the Czech Republic and a former Prime Minister .An economist, he is co-founder of the Civic Democratic Party, the Czech Republic's largest center-right political party. Klaus is a eurosceptic, but he reluctantly endorsed the Lisbon treaty as president of...
    
    , Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (1992–1997)
• Denmark
  Kingdom of Denmark
  The Kingdom of Denmark or the Danish Realm , is a constitutional monarchy and sovereign state consisting of Denmark proper in northern Europe and two autonomous constituent countries, the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic and Greenland in North America. Denmark is the hegemonial part, where the...
  
  
  • Monarch - Margrethe II
    Margrethe II of Denmark
    Margrethe II is the Queen regnant of the Kingdom of Denmark. In 1972 she became the first female monarch of Denmark since Margaret I, ruler of the Scandinavian countries in 1375-1412 during the Kalmar Union.-Early life:...
    
    , Queen of Denmark (1972–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Poul Schlüter
       Poul Schlüter
       Poul Holmskov Schlüter is a Danish politician, who served as Prime Minister of Denmark from 1982 to 1993.Born in Tønder, south Jutland, he graduated from the University of Copenhagen in 1957 with a degree in law, and joined the bar in 1960. Schlüter was a member of the Danish Parliament for the...
       
       , Prime Minister of Denmark (1982–1993)
    2. Poul Nyrup Rasmussen
       Poul Nyrup Rasmussen
       Poul Nyrup Rasmussen , informally Poul Nyrup, born 15 June 1943), was Prime Minister of Denmark from 25 January 1993 to 27 November 2001 and is currently President of the Party of European Socialists . He was the leader of the governing Social Democrats from 1992 to 2002...
       
       , Prime Minister of Denmark (1993–2001)
• Estonia
  Estonia
  Estonia , officially the Republic of Estonia , is a state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia , and to the east by Lake Peipsi and the Russian Federation . Across the Baltic Sea lies...
  
   -
  • President - Lennart Meri
    Lennart Meri
    Lennart Georg Meri was a writer, film director and statesman who served as the second President of Estonia from 1992 to 2001. Meri was a leader of the Estonian independence movement.-Early life:...
    
    , President of Estonia
    President of Estonia
    The President of the Republic is the head of state of the Republic of Estonia.Estonia is a parliamentary republic, therefore President is mainly a symbolic figure and holds no executive power. The President has to suspend his membership in any political party for his term in office...
    
     (1992–2001)
  • Prime Minister - Mart Laar
    Mart Laar
    Mart Laar is an Estonian statesman, historian and a founding member of the Foundation for the Investigation of Communist Crimes. He was the Prime Minister of Estonia from 1992 to 1994 and from 1999 to 2002, and is the leader of the conservative party Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica...
    
    , Prime Minister of Estonia
    Prime Minister of Estonia
    The Prime Minister of Estonia is the head of government of the Republic of Estonia. The prime minister is nominated by the President after appropriate consultations with the parliamentary factions and confirmed by the Parliament. In case of disagreement, the Parliament can reject the President's...
    
     (1992–1994)
• Finland
  Finland
  Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.Around 5.4 million people reside...
  
   -
  • President - Mauno Koivisto
    Mauno Koivisto
    Mauno Henrik Koivisto is a Finnish politician who served as the ninth President of Finland from 1982 to 1994. He also served as Prime Minister 1968–1970 and 1979–1982...
    
    , President of Finland
    President of Finland
    The President of the Republic of Finland is the nation's head of state. Under the Finnish constitution, executive power is vested in the President and the government, with the President possessing extensive powers. The President is elected directly by the people of Finland for a term of six years....
    
    , (1982–1994)
  • Prime Minister - Esko Aho
    Esko Aho
    Esko Tapani Aho is a statesman and former Prime Minister of Finland.-Early life and career:Aho was born in Veteli, Finland. Prior to attending university, he began a career in politics. From 1974 to 1979, he was Chairman of the Finnish Centre Youth, which had before him grown many of his...
    
    , Prime Minister of Finland
    Prime Minister of Finland
    The Prime Minister is the Head of Government of Finland. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President, who is the Head of State. The current Prime Minister is Jyrki Katainen of the National Coalition Party.-Overview:...
    
    , (1991–1995)
• France
  France
  The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
  
   -
  • President - François Mitterrand
    François Mitterrand
    François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand was the 21st President of the French Republic and ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra, serving from 1981 until 1995. He is the longest-serving President of France and, as leader of the Socialist Party, the only figure from the left so far elected President...
    
    , President of France
    President of the French Republic
    The President of the French Republic colloquially referred to in English as the President of France, is France's elected Head of State....
    
     (1981–1995)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Pierre Bérégovoy
       Pierre Bérégovoy
       Pierre Eugène Bérégovoy was a French Socialist politician. He served as Prime Minister under François Mitterrand from 1992 to 1993.-Early career:...
       
       , Prime Minister of France (1992–1993)
    2. Édouard Balladur
       Édouard Balladur
       Édouard Balladur is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 29 March 1993 to 10 May 1995.-Biography:Balladur was born in İzmir, Turkey, to an Armenian Catholic family with five children and long-standing ties to France...
       
       , Prime Minister of France (1993–1995)
• Georgia
  Georgia (country)
  Georgia is a sovereign state in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the southwest by Turkey, to the south by Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. The capital of...
  
   -
  • Head of State - Eduard Shevardnadze
    Eduard Shevardnadze
    Eduard Shevardnadze is a former Soviet, and later, Georgian statesman from the height to the end of the Cold War. He served as President of Georgia from 1995 to 2003, and as First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party , from 1972 to 1985. Shevardnadze was responsible for many top decisions on...
    
    , Chairman of the Parliament of Georgia
    President of Georgia
    The President of Georgia is the head of state, supreme commander-in-chief and holder of the highest office within the Government of Georgia. Executive power is split between the President and the Prime Minister, who is the head of government...
    
     (1992–2003)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Tengiz Sigua
       Tengiz Sigua
       Tengiz Sigua is a Georgian politician and former Prime Minister of the country.Sigua was an engineer by profession and entered politics on the eve of the Soviet Union’s collapse. In 1990, he headed the Rustaveli Society of All Georgia and led an expert group of the bloc “Round Table-Free Georgia”...
       
       , Prime Minister of Georgia
       Prime Minister of Georgia
       The Prime Minister of Georgia is the most senior minister within the Cabinet of Georgia, appointed by the President of Georgia. The official title of the Head of the Government of Georgia has varied throughout history, however, the duties and functions of the leader have changed only marginally....
       
        (1992–1993)
    2. Eduard Shevardnadze
       Eduard Shevardnadze
       Eduard Shevardnadze is a former Soviet, and later, Georgian statesman from the height to the end of the Cold War. He served as President of Georgia from 1995 to 2003, and as First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party , from 1972 to 1985. Shevardnadze was responsible for many top decisions on...
       
       , Acting Prime Minister of Georgia
       Prime Minister of Georgia
       The Prime Minister of Georgia is the most senior minister within the Cabinet of Georgia, appointed by the President of Georgia. The official title of the Head of the Government of Georgia has varied throughout history, however, the duties and functions of the leader have changed only marginally....
       
        (1993)
    3. Otar Patsatsia
       Otar Patsatsia
       Otar Patsatsia is a Georgian politician who served as the country's Prime Minister from August 20, 1993 to October 5, 1995....
       
       , Prime Minister of Georgia
       Prime Minister of Georgia
       The Prime Minister of Georgia is the most senior minister within the Cabinet of Georgia, appointed by the President of Georgia. The official title of the Head of the Government of Georgia has varied throughout history, however, the duties and functions of the leader have changed only marginally....
       
        (1993–1995)
  • Abkhazia
    Abkhazia
    Abkhazia is a disputed political entity on the eastern coast of the Black Sea and the south-western flank of the Caucasus.Abkhazia considers itself an independent state, called the Republic of Abkhazia or Apsny...
    
     (unrecognized secessionist state)
    • Head of State - Vladislav Ardzinba
      Vladislav Ardzinba
      Vladislav Grigori-ipa Ardzinba was the first President of Abkhazia. A historian by education, Ardzinba led Abkhazia to de facto independence in the 1992-1993 War with Georgia, but its de jure independence from Georgia remained internationally unrecognised during Ardzinba's two terms as President...
      
      , Chairman of the parliament of Abkhazia (1990–2005)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Vazha Zarandia
         Vazha Zarandia
         Vazha Zarandia was the first Prime Minister of the internationally unrecognised Republic of Abkhazia from 1992 to 1993.-References:...
         
         , Prime Minister of Abkhazia (1992–1993)
      2. Sokrat Jinjolia, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (1993–1994)
  • South Ossetia
    South Ossetia
    South Ossetia or Tskhinvali Region is a disputed region and partly recognized state in the South Caucasus, located in the territory of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast within the former Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic....
    
     (unrecognized secessionist state)
    • Head of State -
      1. Torez Kulumbegov
         Torez Kulumbegov
         Torez Georgievich Kulumbegov , was a political leader of South Ossetia, a former Soviet Autonomous Oblast which unilaterally elevated its status to Republic in 1990 and declared its independence from Georgia in 1991. Kulumbegov ruled as chairman of the Presidium of the South Ossetian Supreme...
         
         , Chairman of the Supreme Council of South Ossetia
         President of South Ossetia
         The President of the Republic of South Ossetia is the de facto head of state of the partially recognized Republic of South Ossetia that is de jure part of Georgia...
         
          (1991–1993)
      2. Lyudvig Chibirov, Chairman of the Supreme Council of South Ossetia
         President of South Ossetia
         The President of the Republic of South Ossetia is the de facto head of state of the partially recognized Republic of South Ossetia that is de jure part of Georgia...
         
          (1993–2001)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Oleg Tziyev, Prime Minister of South Ossetia
         Prime Minister of South Ossetia
         The Prime Minister of South Ossetia is the head of government of the Republic of South Ossetia.-List of Prime Ministers of the Republic of South Ossetia :-Sources: * Osinform:...
         
          (1991–1993)
      2. Gerasim Khugavey, Prime Minister of South Ossetia
         Prime Minister of South Ossetia
         The Prime Minister of South Ossetia is the head of government of the Republic of South Ossetia.-List of Prime Ministers of the Republic of South Ossetia :-Sources: * Osinform:...
         
          (1993–1994)
• Germany
  Germany
  Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
  
   -
  • President - Richard von Weizsäcker
    Richard von Weizsäcker
    Richard Karl Freiherr von Weizsäcker , known as Richard von Weizsäcker, is a German politician . He served as Governing Mayor of West Berlin from 1981 to 1984, and as President of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1984 to 1994...
    
    , Federal President of Germany
    President of Germany
    The President of the Federal Republic of Germany is the country's head of state. His official title in German is Bundespräsident . Germany has a parliamentary system of government and so the position of President is largely ceremonial...
    
     (1984–1994)
  • Chancellor - Helmut Kohl
    Helmut Kohl
    Helmut Josef Michael Kohl is a German conservative politician and statesman. He was Chancellor of Germany from 1982 to 1998 and the chairman of the Christian Democratic Union from 1973 to 1998...
    
    , Federal Chancellor of Germany (1982–1998)
• Greece
  Greece
  Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe....
  
   -
  • President - Konstantinos Karamanlis, President of Greece (1990–1995)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Konstantinos Mitsotakis, Prime Minister of Greece (1990–1993)
    2. Andreas Papandreou
       Andreas Papandreou
       Andreas G. Papandreou ; 5 February 1919 – 23 June 1996) was a Greek economist, a socialist politician and a dominant figure in Greek politics. The son of Georgios Papandreou, Andreas was a Harvard-trained academic...
       
       , Prime Minister of Greece (1993–1996)
• Hungary
  Hungary
  Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
  
   -
  • President - Árpád Göncz
    Árpád Göncz
    Árpád Göncz is a Hungarian liberal politician and former President of Hungary . Göncz played a role in the Hungarian Revolution of 1956...
    
    , President of Hungary
    Heads of state of Hungary
    -Hungarian Revolution of 1848:Parties-Hungarian Democratic Republic :Parties-Hungarian Soviet Republic :Parties-Romanian Occupation :Parties-Kingdom of Hungary :...
    
     (1990–2000)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. József Antall
       József Antall
       József Antall was the first democratically-elected Prime Minister of Hungary after the fall of Communism , teacher, librarian, historian and political figure...
       
       , Prime Minister of Hungary (1990–1993)
    2. Péter Boross
       Péter Boross
       Péter Boross was the second Prime Minister of Hungary from December 1993 to July 1994. He came to power with the death of the previous PM, József Antall, and held office until his coalition was defeated in elections and he made way for his successor, Gyula Horn of the socialist party...
       
       , Prime Minister of Hungary (1993–1994)
• Iceland
  Iceland
  Iceland , described as the Republic of Iceland, is a Nordic and European island country in the North Atlantic Ocean, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Iceland also refers to the main island of the country, which contains almost all the population and almost all the land area. The country has a population...
  
   -
  • President - Vigdís Finnbogadóttir
    Vigdís Finnbogadóttir
    Vigdís Finnbogadóttir is an Icelandic politician who served as the fourth President of Iceland from 1980 to 1996. In addition to being both Iceland's and Europe's first female president, she was the world's first democratically elected female head of state...
    
    , President of Iceland
    President of Iceland
    The President of Iceland is Iceland's elected head of state. The president is elected to a four-year term by universal adult suffrage and has limited powers. The president is not the head of government; the Prime Minister of Iceland is the head of government. There have been five presidents since...
    
     (1980–1996)
  • Prime Minister - Davíð Oddsson
    Davíð Oddsson
    Davíð Oddsson is an Icelandic politician and the longest-serving Prime Minister of Iceland, holding office from 1991 to 2004. He also served as Foreign Minister from 2004 to 2005. Previously, he was Mayor of Reykjavík from 1982 to 1991, and he chaired the board of governors of the Central Bank of...
    
    , Prime Minister of Iceland
    Prime Minister of Iceland
    The Prime Minister of Iceland is Iceland's head of government. The prime minister is appointed formally by the President and exercises executive authority along with the cabinet subject to parliamentary support....
    
     (1991–2004)
• Ireland
  Republic of Ireland
  Ireland , described as the Republic of Ireland , is a sovereign state in Europe occupying approximately five-sixths of the island of the same name. Its capital is Dublin. Ireland, which had a population of 4.58 million in 2011, is a constitutional republic governed as a parliamentary democracy,...
  
   -
  • President - Mary Robinson
    Mary Robinson
    Mary Therese Winifred Robinson served as the seventh, and first female, President of Ireland from 1990 to 1997, and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, from 1997 to 2002. She first rose to prominence as an academic, barrister, campaigner and member of the Irish Senate...
    
    , President of Ireland
    President of Ireland
    The President of Ireland is the head of state of Ireland. The President is usually directly elected by the people for seven years, and can be elected for a maximum of two terms. The presidency is largely a ceremonial office, but the President does exercise certain limited powers with absolute...
    
     (1990–1997)
  • Prime Minister - Albert Reynolds
    Albert Reynolds
    Albert Reynolds , served as Taoiseach of Ireland, serving one term in office from 1992 until 1994. He has been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize...
    
    , Taoiseach of Ireland
    Taoiseach
    The Taoiseach is the head of government or prime minister of Ireland. The Taoiseach is appointed by the President upon the nomination of Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Oireachtas , and must, in order to remain in office, retain the support of a majority in the Dáil.The current Taoiseach is...
    
     (1992–1994)
• Italy
  Italy
  Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
  
   -
  • President - Oscar Luigi Scalfaro
    Oscar Luigi Scalfaro
    Oscar Luigi Scalfaro , Italian politician and magistrate, was the ninth President of the Italian Republic from 1992 to 1999, and is currently a senator for life...
    
    , President of Italy (1992–1999)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Giuliano Amato
       Giuliano Amato
       Giuliano Amato is an Italian politician. He was Prime Minister of Italy twice, first from 1992 to 1993 and then from 2000 to 2001. He was more recently Vice President of the Convention on the Future of Europe that drafted the new European Constitution and headed the Amato Group. He is commonly...
       
       , President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1992–1993)
    2. Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
       Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
       dr. Carlo Azeglio Ciampi is an Italian politician and banker. He was the 73rd Prime Minister of Italy from 1993 to 1994 and was the tenth President of the Italian Republic from 1999 to 2006...
       
       , President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1993–1994)
• Latvia
  Latvia
  Latvia , officially the Republic of Latvia , is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Estonia , to the south by Lithuania , to the east by the Russian Federation , to the southeast by Belarus and shares maritime borders to the west with Sweden...
  
   -
  • President -
    1. Anatolijs Gorbunovs
       Anatolijs Gorbunovs
       Anatolijs Gorbunovs also formerly known as Anatoly Valeryanovich Gorbunov is a Latvian politician who served as the parliamentary speaker during the last years of Soviet regime in Latvia and during the first years after the country regained its independence...
       
       , President of Latvia (1988–1993)
    2. Guntis Ulmanis
       Guntis Ulmanis
       Guntis Ulmanis is a Latvian politician and was the fifth President of Latvia from 1993 to 1999.-Early life:Guntis Ulmanis was born in Riga on September 13, 1939. His grandfather was the brother of then-President and Prime Minister Kārlis Ulmanis. In 1941 Guntis Ulmanis and his family were exiled...
       
       , President of Latvia (1993–1999)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Ivars Godmanis
       Ivars Godmanis
       Ivars Godmanis is a Latvian politician and currently 1 of the 8 Latvian MEPs in the European parliament. He was the first Prime Minister of Latvia after the country became independent from the Soviet Union, and he became a Prime Minister for the second time in December 2007.Godmanis served as...
       
       , Prime Minister of Latvia
       Prime Minister of Latvia
       The Prime Minister of Latvia is the most powerful member of the Government of the Republic of Latvia, and presides over the Latvian Cabinet of Ministers...
       
        (1990–1993)
    2. Valdis Birkavs
       Valdis Birkavs
       Valdis Birkavs is a Latvian politician. He was born in Riga. He was first elected to the Latvian parliament in 1990 and helped to found the Latvian Way party. After Latvian Way won the 1993 parliamentary elections, Birkavs became the prime minister, leading a coalition government of Latvian Way...
       
       , Prime Minister of Latvia
       Prime Minister of Latvia
       The Prime Minister of Latvia is the most powerful member of the Government of the Republic of Latvia, and presides over the Latvian Cabinet of Ministers...
       
        (1993–1994)
• Liechtenstein
  Liechtenstein
  The Principality of Liechtenstein is a doubly landlocked alpine country in Central Europe, bordered by Switzerland to the west and south and by Austria to the east. Its area is just over , and it has an estimated population of 35,000. Its capital is Vaduz. The biggest town is Schaan...
  
   -
  • Monarch - Hans-Adam II
    Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein
    Hans-Adam II , is the reigning Prince of Liechtenstein. He is the son of Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein and his wife Countess Georgina von Wilczek . He also bears the titles Duke of Troppau and Jägerndorf, Count of Rietberg...
    
    , Prince of Liechtenstein (1989–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Hans Brunhart
       Hans Brunhart
       Hans Brunhart was the Head of Government, foreign minister and finance minister of the principality of Liechtenstein from April 26, 1978 until May 26, 1993. He was a member of the Patriotic Union party , a liberal and social oriented party...
       
       , Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1978–1993)
    2. Markus Büchel
       Markus Büchel
       Markus Büchel is a former head of government of Liechtenstein.He was in office from May to December 1993. He has won the elections in 1993 as a candidate for the conservative FBP ....
       
       , Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1993)
    3. Mario Frick, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1993–2001)
• Lithuania
  Lithuania
  Lithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the biggest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark...
  
   -
  • President - Algirdas Brazauskas
    Algirdas Brazauskas
    Algirdas Mykolas Brazauskas was the first President of a newly independent post-Soviet Union Lithuania from 1993 to 1998 and Prime Minister from 2001 to 2006....
    
    , President of Lithuania (1992–1998)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Bronislovas Lubys
       Bronislovas Lubys
       Bronislovas Lubys was a Lithuanian entrepreneur, former Prime Minister of Lithuania, signatory of the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania, and businessman....
       
       , Prime Minister of Lithuania
       Prime Minister of Lithuania
       The Prime Minister of Lithuania is the head of the executive arm of Lithuania's government, and is chosen by the Lithuanian parliament, the Seimas. The modern office of Prime Minister was established in 1990, although the official title was "Chairperson of the Council of Ministers" until 25...
       
        (1992–1993)
    2. Adolfas Šleževičius
       Adolfas Šleževicius
       Adolfas Šleževičius is a former Prime Minister of Lithuania.Previously a manager in a state dairy company, Šleževičius was appointed Prime Minister following the election of Algirdas Brazauskas as President in February 1993...
       
       , Prime Minister of Lithuania
       Prime Minister of Lithuania
       The Prime Minister of Lithuania is the head of the executive arm of Lithuania's government, and is chosen by the Lithuanian parliament, the Seimas. The modern office of Prime Minister was established in 1990, although the official title was "Chairperson of the Council of Ministers" until 25...
       
        (1993–1996)
• Luxembourg
  Luxembourg
  Luxembourg , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. It has two principal regions: the Oesling in the North as part of the Ardennes massif, and the Gutland in the south...
  
   -
  • Monarch - Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
    Grand Duke of Luxembourg
    The Grand Duke of Luxembourg is the sovereign monarch and head of state of Luxembourg. Luxembourg has been a grand duchy since 15 March 1815, when it was elevated from a duchy when placed in personal union with the United Kingdom of the Netherlands...
    
     (1964–2000)
  • Prime Minister - Jacques Santer, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1984–1995)
• Macedonia
  Republic of Macedonia
  Macedonia , officially the Republic of Macedonia , is a country located in the central Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. It is one of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, from which it declared independence in 1991...
  
   -
  • President - Kiro Gligorov
    Kiro Gligorov
    Kiro Gligorov , born May 3, 1917) was the first democratically elected President of the Republic of Macedonia. His son Vladimir Gligorov is the refounder of the Serbian Democratic Party.- Biography :...
    
    , President of Macedonia
    President of the Republic of Macedonia
    The President of the Republic of Macedonia is the head of state of the Republic of Macedonia. The institution of the Presidency of the modern Republic of Macedonia began after the Macedonian declaration of independence on 8 September 1991. Its first president was Kiro Gligorov, the oldest president...
    
     (1991–1999)
  • Prime Minister - Branko Crvenkovski
    Branko Crvenkovski
    Branko Crvenkovski leads the Republic of Macedonia's largest opposition party, the Social Democratic Union of Macedonia. He was Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia from 1992 to 1998 and again from 2002 to 2004, then President of the Republic of Macedonia from 2004 to 2009.Crvenkovski was...
    
    , Prime Minister of Macedonia
    Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia
    The Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia is the head of government of the Republic of Macedonia. He or she is the leader of a political coalition in the Macedonian parliament and the leader of the cabinet...
    
     (1992–1998)
• Malta
  Malta
  Malta , officially known as the Republic of Malta , is a Southern European country consisting of an archipelago situated in the centre of the Mediterranean, south of Sicily, east of Tunisia and north of Libya, with Gibraltar to the west and Alexandria to the east.Malta covers just over in...
  
   -
  • President - Ċensu Tabone
    Censu Tabone
    Vincent "Ċensu" Tabone was the fourth President of Malta and a former Minister and Nationalist MP.-Early years:Ċensu "Il-King" Tabone is the son of Niccolò and Elisa Tabone, the youngest of ten children. His paternal grandmother, Giuseppina De Gaetani, had settled in Valletta in the mid-19th...
    
    , President of Malta
    President of Malta
    The President of Malta is the constitutional head of state of Malta.The President is appointed by a resolution of the House of Representatives of Malta for a five year term, taking an oath to "preserve, protect and defend" the Constitution....
    
     (1989–1994)
  • Prime Minister - Eddie Fenech Adami
    Eddie Fenech Adami
    Edward “Eddie” Fenech Adami is a Maltese politician who was Prime Minister of Malta from 1987 until 1996 and again from 1998 until 2004...
    
    , Prime Minister of Malta
    Prime Minister of Malta
    The Prime Minister of Malta is the Head of Government of Malta.-Establishment of the office and developments:The office of "Head of Ministry" was created as soon as Malta was granted autonomous government in 1921. The 1921 constitution was suspended twice before being revoked...
    
     (1987–1996)
• Moldova
  Moldova
  Moldova , officially the Republic of Moldova is a landlocked state in Eastern Europe, located between Romania to the West and Ukraine to the North, East and South. It declared itself an independent state with the same boundaries as the preceding Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1991, as part...
  
   -
  • President - Mircea Snegur
    Mircea Snegur
    Mircea Ion Snegur was the first President of Moldova 1990-1996. Before that he was Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet 1989-1990 and Chairman of the Supreme Soviet from 27 April to 3 September 1990...
    
    , President of Moldova
    President of Moldova
    The President of the Republic of Moldova is the head of state of Moldova.-Description of the post:According to the Article 77 of the Constitution of Moldova , the President of Moldova is the head of the State and represents the State and is the guarantor of national sovereignty, independence, of...
    
     (1989–1997)
  • Prime Minister - Andrei Sangheli
    Andrei Sangheli
    Andrei Sangheli is a Moldovan politician.-References:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Moldova (1992–1997)
  • Gagauzia
    Gagauzia
    Gagauzia , formally known as the Autonomous Territorial Unit of Găgăuzia , is an autonomous region of...
    
     (unrecognized secessionist state)
    • President - Stepan Topal
      Stepan Topal
      Stepan Mikhailovich Topal is a Gagauz politician from Moldova. From 1990 to 1995 he served as Governor of Gagauzia.-Leader of Gagauzia's separatist movement:By training, Topal is a road engineer...
      
      , President of Gagauzia (1990–1995)
  • Transnistria
    Transnistria
    Transnistria is a breakaway territory located mostly on a strip of land between the Dniester River and the eastern Moldovan border to Ukraine...
    
     (unrecognized secessionist state)
    • President - Igor Smirnov
      Igor Smirnov
      Igor Nikolaevich Smirnov , is the President of the internationally unrecognized Pridnestrovian Moldovan Republic, also known as Transnistria. He has held this post since 1990.- Childhood :...
      
      , President of Transnistria
      President of Transnistria
      The President of Transnistria is the highest elected official of Transnistria, a small unrecognized country which declared independence from Moldova in 1990. The president of the republic is the country's head of state and is commander in chief...
      
       (1990–present)
• Monaco
  Monaco
  Monaco , officially the Principality of Monaco , is a sovereign city state on the French Riviera. It is bordered on three sides by its neighbour, France, and its centre is about from Italy. Its area is with a population of 35,986 as of 2011 and is the most densely populated country in the...
  
   -
  • Monarch - Rainier III
    Rainier III, Prince of Monaco
    Rainier III, Prince of Monaco , styled His Serene Highness The Sovereign Prince of Monaco, ruled the Principality of Monaco for almost 56 years, making him one of the longest ruling monarchs of the 20th century.Though he was best known outside of Europe for having married American...
    
    , Prince of Monaco
    Prince of Monaco
    The Reigning Prince or Princess of Monaco is the sovereign monarch and head of state of the Principality of Monaco. All Princes or Princesses thus far have taken the name of the House of Grimaldi, but have belonged to various other houses in male line...
    
     (1949–2005)
  • Head of Government - Jaques Dupont
    Jaques Dupont
    - Jaques Dupont :Jaques Dupont was an ex-minister of state for Monaco. He served between 1991 and 1994. He was born in 1929 and died in 2002.-References:...
    
    , Minister of State of Monaco
    Minister of State (Monaco)
    The Minister of State is the head of the government of Monaco, though he is appointed by and subordinate to the Prince or Princess of Monaco. During his term, he is responsible for leading the government's action and is in charge of foreign relations...
    
     (1991–1994)
• Kingdom of the Netherlands
  Kingdom of the Netherlands
  The Kingdom of the Netherlands is a sovereign state and constitutional monarchy with territory in Western Europe and in the Caribbean. The four parts of the Kingdom—Aruba, Curaçao, the Netherlands, and Sint Maarten—are referred to as "countries", and participate on a basis of equality...
  
  
  • Monarch - Beatrix
    Beatrix of the Netherlands
    Beatrix is the Queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands comprising the Netherlands, Curaçao, Sint Maarten, and Aruba. She is the first daughter of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands and Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld. She studied law at Leiden University...
    
    , Queen of the Netherlands (1980–present)
  • Netherlands
    Netherlands
    The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
    
     (constituent country)
    • Prime Minister - Ruud Lubbers
      Ruud Lubbers
      Rudolphus Franciscus Marie "Ruud" Lubbers is a retired Dutch politician of the Christian Democratic Appeal . He served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from November 4, 1982 until August 22, 1994....
      
      , Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1982–1994)
  • Netherlands Antilles
    Netherlands Antilles
    The Netherlands Antilles , also referred to informally as the Dutch Antilles, was an autonomous Caribbean country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, consisting of two groups of islands in the Lesser Antilles: Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao , in Leeward Antilles just off the Venezuelan coast; and Sint...
    
     (constituent country)
    • see under North America
  • Aruba
    Aruba
    Aruba is a 33 km-long island of the Lesser Antilles in the southern Caribbean Sea, located 27 km north of the coast of Venezuela and 130 km east of Guajira Peninsula...
    
     (constituent country)
    • see under North America
• Norway
  Norway
  Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...
  
   -
  • Monarch - Harald V
    Harald V of Norway
    Harald V is the king of Norway. He succeeded to the throne of Norway upon the death of his father Olav V on 17 January 1991...
    
    , King of Norway (1991–present)
  • Prime Minister - Gro Harlem Brundtland
    Gro Harlem Brundtland
    Gro Harlem Brundtland is a Norwegian Social democratic politician, diplomat, and physician, and an international leader in sustainable development and public health. She served three terms as Prime Minister of Norway , and has served as the Director General of the World Health Organization...
    
    , Prime Minister of Norway
    Heads of government of Norway
    This is a list of heads of government of Norway, who held, inter alia, offices and titles such as steward , viceroy , first minister and prime minister ....
    
     (1990–1996)
• Poland
  Poland
  Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
  
   -
  • President - Lech Wałęsa
    Lech Wałęsa
    Lech Wałęsa is a Polish politician, trade-union organizer, and human-rights activist. A charismatic leader, he co-founded Solidarity , the Soviet bloc's first independent trade union, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983, and served as President of Poland between 1990 and 95.Wałęsa was an electrician...
    
    , President of Poland (1990–1995)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Hanna Suchocka
       Hanna Suchocka
       Hanna Suchocka is a Polish political figure. She served as the prime minister of Poland between 11 July 1992 and 26 October 1993 under the presidency of Lech Wałęsa. She is the first woman to hold this post in Poland and 19th in the world.Suchocka is a specialist in Constitutional Law...
       
       , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland
       Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland
       The Prime Minister of Poland heads the Polish Council of Ministers and directs their work, supervises territorial self-government within the guidelines and in ways described in the Constitution and other legislation, and acts as the superior for all government administration workers...
       
        (1992–1993)
    2. Waldemar Pawlak
       Waldemar Pawlak
       Waldemar Pawlak is a Polish politician. He twice served as Prime Minister of Poland, briefly in 1992 and again from 1993 to 1995. Since November 2007, he has been Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Economy. Pawlak is the only person who held the office of Prime Minister twice during the...
       
       , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland
       Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland
       The Prime Minister of Poland heads the Polish Council of Ministers and directs their work, supervises territorial self-government within the guidelines and in ways described in the Constitution and other legislation, and acts as the superior for all government administration workers...
       
        (1993–1995)
• Portugal
  Portugal
  Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
  
   -
  • President - Mário Soares
    Mário Soares
    Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares, GColTE, GCC, GColL, KE , Portuguese politician, served as Prime Minister of Portugal from 1976 to 1978 and from 1983 to 1985, and subsequently as the 17th President of Portugal from 1986 to 1996.-Family:...
    
    , President of Portugal (1986–1996)
  • Prime Minister - Aníbal Cavaco Silva
    Aníbal Cavaco Silva
    Aníbal António Cavaco Silva, GCC , is the President of Portugal. He won the Portuguese presidential election on 22 January 2006 and was re-elected on 23 January 2011, for a second five-year term. Cavaco Silva was sworn in on 9 March 2006....
    
    , Prime Minister of Portugal (1985–1995)
• Romania
  Romania
  Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
  
   -
  • President - Ion Iliescu
    Ion Iliescu
    Ion Iliescu served as President of Romania from 1990 until 1996, and from 2000 until 2004. From 1996 to 2000 and from 2004 until his retirement in 2008, Iliescu was a Senator for the Social Democratic Party , whose honorary president he remains....
    
    , President of Romania (1989–1996)
  • Prime Minister - Nicolae Văcăroiu
    Nicolae Vacaroiu
    Nicolae Văcăroiu is a Romanian politician, member of the Social Democratic Party, who served as Prime Minister between 1992 and 1996. Before the 1989 Revolution he worked at the Committee for State Planning, together with Theodor Stolojan....
    
    , Prime Minister of Romania (1992–1996)
• Russia
  Russia
  Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
  
   -
  • President - Boris Yeltsin
    Boris Yeltsin
    Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin was the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999.Originally a supporter of Mikhail Gorbachev, Yeltsin emerged under the perestroika reforms as one of Gorbachev's most powerful political opponents. On 29 May 1990 he was elected the chairman of...
    
    , President of Russia (1990–1999)
  • Prime Minister - Viktor Chernomyrdin
    Viktor Chernomyrdin
    Viktor Stepanovich Chernomyrdin was the founder and the first chairman of the Gazprom energy company, the longest serving Prime Minister of Russia and Acting President of Russia for a day in 1996. He was a key figure in Russian politics in the 1990s, and a great contributor to the Russian...
    
    , Chairman of the Government of Russia
    Prime Minister of Russia
    The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation The use of the term "Prime Minister" is strictly informal and is not allowed for by the Russian Constitution and other laws....
    
     (1992–1998)
  • Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
    Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
    The Chechen Republic of Ichkeria is the unrecognized secessionist government of Chechnya. The republic was proclaimed in late 1991 by Dzokhar Dudayev, and fought two devastating wars between separatists and the Russian Federation which denounced secession...
    
     (unrecognized secessionist state)
    • President - Dzhokhar Dudayev, President of Ichkeria
      President of Ichkeria
      This is a list of Presidents of the unrecognised Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, a pro-independence movement that controlled most of Chechnya from 1991 to 1999...
      
       (1991–1996)
• San Marino
  San Marino
  San Marino, officially the Republic of San Marino , is a state situated on the Italian Peninsula on the eastern side of the Apennine Mountains. It is an enclave surrounded by Italy. Its size is just over with an estimated population of over 30,000. Its capital is the City of San Marino...
  
   -
  • Captains Regent -
    1. Romeo Morri and Marino Zanotti, Captains Regent of San Marino (1992–1993)
    2. Patrizia Busignani
       Patrizia Busignani
       Patrizia Busignani was Captain Regent of San Marino from 1 April 1993 to 1 October 1993. Her co-Regent was Salvatore Tonelli.Busignani was President of Partito Socialista Unitario from 1983 to 1990...
       
        and Salvatore Tonelli, Captains Regent of San Marino (1993)
    3. Gian Luigi Berti and Paride Andreoli, Captains Regent of San Marino (1993–1994)
• Slovakia
  Slovakia
  The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...
  
   -
  • the Slovak Socialist Republic
    Slovak Socialist Republic
    From 1969 to 1990, the Slovak Socialist Republic was the official name of that part of Czechoslovakia that is Slovakia today. The name was used from 1 January 1969 until March 1990....
    
     gained independence on 1 January 1993 with the dissolution of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic
    Czech and Slovak Federal Republic
    Czech and Slovak Federal Republic was the official name of Czechoslovakia from April 1990 until 31 December 1992, when the country was dissolved into the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic.- Adoption of the name :Since 1960, Czechoslovakia's official name had been Czechoslovak Socialist Republic...
    
    
  • President -
    1. Vladimír Mečiar
       Vladimír Meciar
       Vladimír Mečiar is a Slovak politician who was Prime Minister of Slovakia from 1990 to 1991, from 1992 to 1994, and from 1994 to 1998. He is the leader of the People's Party - Movement for a Democratic Slovakia...
       
       , Acting President of Slovakia (1993)
    2. Michal Kováč
       Michal Kovác
       Michal Kováč was a Slovak politician in the early 1990s and the first President of Slovakia after the creation of that state from 1993 to 1998....
       
       , President of Slovakia (1993–1998)
  • Prime Minister - Vladimír Mečiar
    Vladimír Meciar
    Vladimír Mečiar is a Slovak politician who was Prime Minister of Slovakia from 1990 to 1991, from 1992 to 1994, and from 1994 to 1998. He is the leader of the People's Party - Movement for a Democratic Slovakia...
    
    , Prime Minister of Slovakia (1992–1994)
• Slovenia
  Slovenia
  Slovenia , officially the Republic of Slovenia , is a country in Central and Southeastern Europe touching the Alps and bordering the Mediterranean. Slovenia borders Italy to the west, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north, and also has a small portion of...
  
   -
  • President - Milan Kučan
    Milan Kucan
    Milan Kučan is a Slovenian politician and statesman. He was the first President of Slovenia.-Early life and political beginnings:...
    
    , President of Slovenia
    President of Slovenia
    The function of President of the Republic of Slovenia was established on 23 December 1991, when the National Assembly of Slovenia passed a new constitution as a result of independence from Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia....
    
     (1990–2002)
  • Prime Minister - Janez Drnovšek
    Janez Drnovšek
    Janez Drnovšek was a Slovenian liberal politician, President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia , Prime Minister of Slovenia and President of Slovenia . He was born in Celje, Slovenia, then the Socialist Republic of Slovenia...
    
    , Prime Minister of Slovenia
    Prime Minister of Slovenia
    There have been six Prime Ministers of Slovenia since that country gained its independence in the breakup of Yugoslavia. Unlike the President of Slovenia, who is directly elected, the Prime Minister is appointed by the National Assembly, and must control a majority there in order to...
    
     (1992–2000)
• Spain
  Spain
  Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
  
   -
  • Monarch - Juan Carlos I
    Juan Carlos I of Spain
    Juan Carlos I |Italy]]) is the reigning King of Spain.On 22 November 1975, two days after the death of General Francisco Franco, Juan Carlos was designated king according to the law of succession promulgated by Franco. Spain had no monarch for 38 years in 1969 when Franco named Juan Carlos as the...
    
    , King of Spain (1975–present)
  • Prime Minister - Felipe González
    Felipe González
    Felipe González Márquez is a Spanish socialist politician. He was the General Secretary of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party from 1974 to 1997. To date, he remains the longest-serving Prime Minister of Spain, after having served four successive mandates from 1982 to 1996.-Early life:Felipe was...
    
    , President of the Government of Spain
    Prime Minister of Spain
    The President of the Government of Spain , sometimes known in English as the Prime Minister of Spain, is the head of Government of Spain. The current office is established under the Constitution of 1978...
    
     (1982–1996)
• Sweden
  Sweden
  Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
  
   -
  • Monarch - Carl XVI Gustaf
    Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden
    Carl XVI Gustaf is the reigning King of Sweden since 15 September 1973, succeeding his grandfather King Gustaf VI Adolf because his father had predeceased him...
    
    , King of Sweden (1973–present)
  • Prime Minister - Carl Bildt
    Carl Bildt
    , Honorary KCMG is a Swedish politician, diplomat and nobleman. Formerly Prime Minister of Sweden from 1991 to 1994 and leader of the liberal conservative Moderate Party from 1986 to 1999, Bildt has served as Swedish Minister for Foreign Affairs since 6 October 2006...
    
    , Prime Minister of Sweden
    Prime Minister of Sweden
    The Prime Minister is the head of government in the Kingdom of Sweden. Before the creation of the office of a Prime Minister in 1876, Sweden did not have a head of government separate from its head of state, namely the King, in whom the executive authority was vested...
    
     (1991–1994)
• Switzerland
  Switzerland
  Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
  
   -
  • Swiss Federal Council
    Swiss Federal Council
    The Federal Council is the seven-member executive council which constitutes the federal government of Switzerland and serves as the Swiss collective head of state....
    
    :

    René Felber

    René Felber

    René Felber is a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council .Born 1933 in Bienne, Felber was a teacher in Boudevilliers and Le Locle . He was mayor of Le Locle from 1964 to 1980 , member of the Cantonal Parliament of Neuchâtel...

    
     (1987–1993), Otto Stich

    Otto Stich

    Otto Stich is a Swiss politician.He was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 7 December 1983 and handed over office on 31 October 1995. He is affiliated to the Social Democratic Party....

    
     (1983–1995), Jean-Pascal Delamuraz

    Jean-Pascal Delamuraz

    Jean-Pascal Delamuraz was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council ....

    
     (1983–1998), Arnold Koller

    Arnold Koller

    Arnold Koller is a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council .He was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on December 10, 1986 as a member of the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland from the canton of Appenzell Inner Rhodes...

    
     (1986–1999), Flavio Cotti

    Flavio Cotti

    Flavio Cotti born in Prato-Sornico on 18 October 1939) is a Swiss politician.He was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 10 December 1986 and handed over office on 30 April 1999...

    
     (1986–1999), Adolf Ogi

    Adolf Ogi

    Adolf Ogi is a Swiss politician from the village of Kandersteg in the Swiss Alps.He was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 9 December 1987, as member of the Swiss People's Party from the Canton of Berne...

    
     (1987–2000, President), Kaspar Villiger

    Kaspar Villiger

    Kaspar Villiger is a Swiss businessman, politician and former member of the Swiss Federal Council . He currently heads Swiss bank UBS.-Political career:On February 1, 1989, he was elected to the Swiss Federal Council...

    
     (1989–2003)

• Ukraine
  Ukraine
  Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
  
   -
  • President - Leonid Kravchuk
    Leonid Kravchuk
    Leonid Makarovych Kravchuk is a Ukrainian politician, the first President of Ukraine serving from December 5, 1991 until his resignation on July 19, 1994, a former Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada and People's Deputy of Ukraine serving in the Social Democratic Party of Ukraine faction.After a...
    
    , President of Ukraine
    President of Ukraine
    Prior to the formation of the modern Ukrainian presidency, the previous Ukrainian head of state office was officially established in exile by Andriy Livytskyi. At first the de facto leader of nation was the president of the Central Rada at early years of the Ukrainian People's Republic, while the...
    
     (1990–1994)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Leonid Kuchma
       Leonid Kuchma
       Leonid Danylovych Kuchma was the second President of independent Ukraine from 19 July 1994, to 23 January 2005. Kuchma took office after winning the 1994 presidential election against his rival, incumbent Leonid Kravchuk...
       
       , Prime Minister of Ukraine
       Prime Minister of Ukraine
       The Prime Minister of Ukraine is Ukraine's head of government presiding over the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, which is the highest body of the executive branch of the Ukrainian government....
       
        (1992–1993)
    2. Yukhym Zvyahilsky
       Yukhym Zvyahilsky
       Yukhym Leonidovych Zvyahilsky is a Ukrainian politician. He was appointed acting Prime Minister on September 22, 1993...
       
       , Acting Prime Minister of Ukraine
       Prime Minister of Ukraine
       The Prime Minister of Ukraine is Ukraine's head of government presiding over the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, which is the highest body of the executive branch of the Ukrainian government....
       
        (1993–1994)
• United Kingdom
  United Kingdom
  The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
  
   -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of the United Kingdom
    British monarchy
    The monarchy of the United Kingdom is the constitutional monarchy of the United Kingdom and its overseas territories. The present monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, has reigned since 6 February 1952. She and her immediate family undertake various official, ceremonial and representational duties...
    
     (1952–present)
  • Prime Minister - John Major
    John Major
    Sir John Major, is a British Conservative politician, who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1990–1997...
    
    , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1990–1997)
  • Guernsey
    Guernsey
    Guernsey, officially the Bailiwick of Guernsey is a British Crown dependency in the English Channel off the coast of Normandy.The Bailiwick, as a governing entity, embraces not only all 10 parishes on the Island of Guernsey, but also the islands of Herm, Jethou, Burhou, and Lihou and their islet...
    
     (British Crown dependency
    Crown dependency
    The Crown Dependencies are British possessions of the Crown, as opposed to overseas territories of the United Kingdom. They comprise the Channel Island Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel, and the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea....
    
    )
    • Lieutenant-Governor - Sir Michael Wilkins
      Michael Wilkins
      Lieutenant General Sir Michael Compton Lockwood Wilkins KCB OBE was a senior Royal Marines officer who became Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey.-Military career:Wilkins joined the Royal Marines in 1951...
      
      , Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (1990–1994)
    • Bailiff - Sir Graham Dorey
      Sir Graham Dorey
      Sir Graham Martyn Dorey, born in Guernsey 15 Dec 1932, was the Bailiff of Guernsey from February 1992 to March 1999. The second son of a local grower, Martyn Dorey, he was evacuated to Scotland during world war II...
      
      , Bailiff of Guernsey (1992–1999)
  • Jersey
    Jersey
    Jersey, officially the Bailiwick of Jersey is a British Crown Dependency off the coast of Normandy, France. As well as the island of Jersey itself, the bailiwick includes two groups of small islands that are no longer permanently inhabited, the Minquiers and Écréhous, and the Pierres de Lecq and...
    
     (British Crown dependency
    Crown dependency
    The Crown Dependencies are British possessions of the Crown, as opposed to overseas territories of the United Kingdom. They comprise the Channel Island Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel, and the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea....
    
    )
    • Lieutenant-Governor - Sir John Sutton
      John Sutton (RAF officer)
      Air Marshal Sir John Matthias Dobson Sutton KCB is a former Royal Air Force officer who became Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief at RAF Support Command.-RAF career:...
      
      , Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey (1990–1995)
    • Bailiff - Sir Peter Crill
      Peter Crill
      Sir Peter Leslie Crill KBE was Bailiff of Jersey from 1986 to 1995.- Early years :Crill attended Victoria College, Jersey between 1932 and 1943...
      
      , Bailiff of Jersey (1986–1995)
  • Isle of Man
    Isle of Man
    The Isle of Man , otherwise known simply as Mann , is a self-governing British Crown Dependency, located in the Irish Sea between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland, within the British Isles. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who holds the title of Lord of Mann. The Lord of Mann is...
    
     (British Crown dependency
    Crown dependency
    The Crown Dependencies are British possessions of the Crown, as opposed to overseas territories of the United Kingdom. They comprise the Channel Island Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel, and the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea....
    
    )
    • Lieutenant-Governor - Sir Laurence Jones
      Laurence Jones
      Air Marshal Sir Laurence Alfred Jones KCB AFC RAF was a senior Royal Air Force commander.-RAF career:Educated at Trinity School, Jones joined the Royal Air Force in 1951. He was made Officer Commanding No. 8 Squadron in 1961 and Officer Commanding No. 92 Squadron in 1967...
      
      , Lieutenant-Governor of Man (1990–1995)
    • Chief minister - Miles Walker
      Miles Walker
      Sir Miles Rawstron Walker CBE LLD is a Manx businessman and politician, who was the first ever Chief Minister of the Isle of Man.-Early life and career:...
      
      , Chief Minister of the Isle of Man
      Chief Minister of the Isle of Man
      The Chief Minister is the executive head of the Isle of Man Government.The office derives from that of Chairman of the Executive Council. Before 1980 the Executive Council was chaired by the Lieutenant Governor, but thereafter the chairman was elected by Tynwald, the parliament of the Isle of Man...
      
       (1986–1996)
  • Gibraltar
    Gibraltar
    Gibraltar is a British overseas territory located on the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula at the entrance of the Mediterranean. A peninsula with an area of , it has a northern border with Andalusia, Spain. The Rock of Gibraltar is the major landmark of the region...
    
     (British dependent territory)
    • Governor -
      1. Sir Derek Reffell
         Derek Reffell
         Admiral Sir Derek Roy Reffell KCB is a former Governor of Gibraltar.-Naval career:Educated at Culford School, Reffell entered the Royal Navy, qualified as a Navigating Officer in 1954 and progressed through the ranks: he commanded the frigate, HMS Sirius, from her launch in 1966, and served as...
         
         , Governor of Gibraltar
         Governor of Gibraltar
         The Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Gibraltar is the representative of the British monarch in the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. The Governor is appointed by the British Monarch on the advice of the British Government...
         
          (1989–1993)
      2. Sir John Chapple
         John Chapple
         Field Marshal Sir John Lyon Chapple, GCB, CBE was a career British Army officer in the second half of the 20th century. He served as Chief of the General Staff, the professional head of the British Army, from 1989 to 1992.-Army career:...
         
         , Governor of Gibraltar
         Governor of Gibraltar
         The Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Gibraltar is the representative of the British monarch in the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. The Governor is appointed by the British Monarch on the advice of the British Government...
         
          (1993–1995)
    • Chief Minister - Joe Bossano
      Joe Bossano
      Joseph "Joe" John Bossano is a Gibraltarian politician, and the former leader of the Gibraltar Socialist Labour Party. He was Chief Minister of Gibraltar from 25 March 1988 to 17 May 1996. He served as the Leader of the Opposition in the Gibraltar Parliament from its founding in 1978 until April...
      
      , Chief Minister of Gibraltar
      Chief Minister of Gibraltar
      The Chief Minister of Gibraltar is the leader of the largest party elected to the Gibraltar Parliament, and is formally appointed by the Governor of Gibraltar, representative of the British Crown.-List of Chief Ministers:...
      
       (1988–1996)
• Vatican City
  Vatican City
  Vatican City , or Vatican City State, in Italian officially Stato della Città del Vaticano , which translates literally as State of the City of the Vatican, is a landlocked sovereign city-state whose territory consists of a walled enclave within the city of Rome, Italy. It has an area of...
  
  
  • Monarch - Pope John Paul II
    Pope John Paul II
    Blessed Pope John Paul II , born Karol Józef Wojtyła , reigned as Pope of the Catholic Church and Sovereign of Vatican City from 16 October 1978 until his death on 2 April 2005, at of age. His was the second-longest documented pontificate, which lasted ; only Pope Pius IX ...
    
    , Sovereign of the State of the Vatican City (1978–2005)
  • President of the Governorate - Rosalio Lara, President of the Governorate of Vatican City State (1990–1997)
  • Holy See
    Holy See
    The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, in which its Bishop is commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent episcopal see of the Catholic Church, forming the central government of the Church. As such, diplomatically, and in other spheres the Holy See acts and...
    
    
    • Secretary of State - Angelo Sodano
      Angelo Sodano
      Angelo Sodano is an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He is the current Dean of the College of Cardinals and former Vatican Secretary of State, having held that post from 1990 to 2006, under both popes John Paul II and Benedict XVI...
      
      , Cardinal Secretary of State
      Cardinal Secretary of State
      The Cardinal Secretary of State—officially Secretary of State of His Holiness The Pope—presides over the Holy See, usually known as the "Vatican", Secretariat of State, which is the oldest and most important dicastery of the Roman Curia...
      
       (1990–2006)
• Yugoslavia -
  • President -
    1. Dobrica Ćosić
       Dobrica Cosic
       Dobrica Ćosić is a Serbian writer, as well as a political and Serb nationalist theorist. He was the first president of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1992 to 1993...
       
       , President of Yugoslavia
       President of Serbia and Montenegro
       The President of Serbia and Montenegro was the head of state of Serbia and Montenegro. From its establishment in 1992 until 2003, when the country was reconstituted as a conferederacy via constitutional reform, the head of state was known as the President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia...
       
        (1992–1993)
    2. Miloš Radulović, Acting President of Yugoslavia
       President of Serbia and Montenegro
       The President of Serbia and Montenegro was the head of state of Serbia and Montenegro. From its establishment in 1992 until 2003, when the country was reconstituted as a conferederacy via constitutional reform, the head of state was known as the President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia...
       
        (1993)
    3. Zoran Lilić
       Zoran Lilic
       Zoran Lilić is a Serbian. He served as President of the National Assembly of Serbia in 1993 and as President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1993 to 1997....
       
       , President of Yugoslavia
       President of Serbia and Montenegro
       The President of Serbia and Montenegro was the head of state of Serbia and Montenegro. From its establishment in 1992 until 2003, when the country was reconstituted as a conferederacy via constitutional reform, the head of state was known as the President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia...
       
        (1993–1997)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Milan Panić
       Milan Panic
       Milan Panić or Milan Panic is a Serbian American multimillionaire, a Newport Beach and Pasadena, California-based business tycoon. He served as Prime Minister of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1992-1993...
       
       , Prime Minister of Yugoslavia
       Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro
       The Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro was the head of government of Serbia and Montenegro from its establishment in 1992 up until the state's dissolution in 2006...
       
        (1992–1993)
    2. Radoje Kontić
       Radoje Kontic
       Radoje Kontić is a retired Montenegrin politician and technologist. He was the last Chairman of the Socialist Republic of Montenegro's Executive Council from 1989 to 1991 - a post which he obtained by riding the wave of the anti-bureaucratic putsch in Montenegro during January 1989...
       
       , Prime Minister of Yugoslavia
       Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro
       The Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro was the head of government of Serbia and Montenegro from its establishment in 1992 up until the state's dissolution in 2006...
       
        (1993–1998)
  • Republic of Kosova
    Republic of Kosova
    The Republic of Kosova was an secessionist state proclaimed in 1991 by a parallel parliament representing the Albanian population of Kosovo, recognized only by the Republic of Albania...
    
     (unrecognized secessionist state)
    • President - Ibrahim Rugova
      Ibrahim Rugova
      Ibrahim Rugova was an Albanian politician who was the first President of Kosovo and of its leading political party, the Democratic League of Kosovo ....
      
      , President of the Republic of Kosova (1992–2000)
    • Prime Minister - Bujar Bukoshi
      Bujar Bukoshi
      Bujar Bukoshi was the Minister of Healthcare in Kosovo in the first government of Hashim Thaci. Previously, he served as Prime Minister of Kosovo within the self-proclaimed Republic of Kosova from 1991 to 2000. He graduated from the University of Belgrade's Medical School.-Notes:...
      
      , Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosova (1991–2000)

North America

• Anguilla
  Anguilla
  Anguilla is a British overseas territory and overseas territory of the European Union in the Caribbean. It is one of the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles, lying east of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands and directly north of Saint Martin...
  
   (British dependent territory)
  • Governor - Alan Shave, Governor of Anguilla
    Governor of Anguilla
    The Governor of Anguilla is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Anguilla. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
    
     (1992–1995)
  • Chief Minister - Emile Gumbs
    Emile Gumbs
    Sir Emile Gumbs is a politician from Anguilla. He served as the island territory's Chief Minister from 1 February 1977 to May 1980 and again from 12 March 1984 to 16 March 1994. He is the only person from Anguilla to have been knighted.-References:...
    
    , Chief Minister of Anguilla
    Chief Minister of Anguilla
    -List of Chief Ministers of Anguilla:...
    
     (1984–1994)
• Antigua and Barbuda
  Antigua and Barbuda
  Antigua and Barbuda is a twin-island nation lying between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. It consists of two major inhabited islands, Antigua and Barbuda, and a number of smaller islands...
  
   -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Antigua and Barbuda
    Monarch of Antigua and Barbuda
    Antigua and Barbuda is a constitutional monarchy and a Commonwealth realm, with Queen Elizabeth II as its reigning monarch since November 1, 1981...
    
     (1981–present)
  • Governor-General -
    1. Sir Wilfred Jacobs
       Wilfred Jacobs
       Sir Wilfred Ebenezer Jacobs was the first Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda. He held this position from 1 November 1981 to 10 June 1993. He was replaced by James Carlisle. He was also the governor of Antigua and Barbuda from 1967 until that country gained independence in 1981 and he became...
       
       , Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (1967–1993)
    2. Sir James Carlisle
       James Carlisle
       Sir James Beethoven Carlisle, GCMG is the former Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda. Selected by Prime Minister, Vere Cornwall Bird on June 10, 1993 and appointed by the Queen of Antigua his term was terminated on June 30, 2007 - a period of 14 years...
       
       , Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (1993–2007)
  • Prime Minister - Vere Bird
    Vere Bird
    Sir Vere Cornwall Bird Sr. was the first Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda. His son, Lester Bryant Bird, succeeded him as Prime Minister. In 1994 he was declared a national hero....
    
    , Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (1976–1994)
• Aruba
  Aruba
  Aruba is a 33 km-long island of the Lesser Antilles in the southern Caribbean Sea, located 27 km north of the coast of Venezuela and 130 km east of Guajira Peninsula...
  
   (constituent country
  Constituent country
  Constituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity. The term constituent country does not have any defined legal meaning, and is used simply to refer to a country which is a part Constituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts...
  
   of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
  Kingdom of the Netherlands
  The Kingdom of the Netherlands is a sovereign state and constitutional monarchy with territory in Western Europe and in the Caribbean. The four parts of the Kingdom—Aruba, Curaçao, the Netherlands, and Sint Maarten—are referred to as "countries", and participate on a basis of equality...
  
  )
  • Governor - Olindo Koolman
    Olindo Koolman
    Olindo Koolman was the second Governor of Aruba and served two terms of six years as governor from 12 March 1992 until 11 May 2004.-References:...
    
    , Governor of Aruba
    Governor of Aruba
    The Governor of Aruba is the representative on Aruba of the Dutch head of state . The governors duties are twofold: he represents and guards the general interests of the Kingdom and is head of the Aruban Government. He is accountable to the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. As the head...
    
     (1992–2004)
  • Prime Minister - Nelson Oduber, Prime Minister of Aruba
    Prime Minister of Aruba
    The Prime Minister of Aruba is Aruba's head of government. Together with Aruba's Council of Ministers, they form the executive branch of Aruban government.-List of Prime Ministers of Aruba:...
    
     (1989–1994)
• The Bahamas
  The Bahamas
  The Bahamas , officially the Commonwealth of the Bahamas, is a nation consisting of 29 islands, 661 cays, and 2,387 islets . It is located in the Atlantic Ocean north of Cuba and Hispaniola , northwest of the Turks and Caicos Islands, and southeast of the United States...
  
   -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of the Bahamas (1973–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Clifford Darling
    Clifford Darling
    Sir Clifford Darling GCVO was the fourth Governor-General of the Bahamas from 1992 until his retirement on January 2, 1995. Prior to this, he was a Senator from 1964–67, Deputy Speaker of the House of Assembly from 1967-69, Minister of: State in 1969, Labour and Welfare in 1971 and Labour and...
    
    , Governor-General of the Bahamas (1992–1995)
  • Prime Minister - Hubert Ingraham
    Hubert Ingraham
    Hubert Alexander Ingraham is the Prime Minister of the Bahamas. He first served as Prime Minister from August 1992 until May 2002 and became Prime Minister again in 2007. He is a member of the Free National Movement Party . The Rt. Hon. Hubert A...
    
    , Prime Minister of the Bahamas (1992–2002)
• Barbados
  Barbados
  Barbados is an island country in the Lesser Antilles. It is in length and as much as in width, amounting to . It is situated in the western area of the North Atlantic and 100 kilometres east of the Windward Islands and the Caribbean Sea; therein, it is about east of the islands of Saint...
  
   -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Barbados (1966–present)
  • Governor-General - Dame Nita Barrow, Governor-General of Barbados (1990–1995)
  • Prime Minister - Lloyd Erskine Sandiford
    Lloyd Erskine Sandiford
    Sir Lloyd Erskine Sandiford, KA is a Barbadian politician. He served as the fourth Prime Minister of Barbados from 1987 to 1994....
    
    , Prime Minister of Barbados (1987–1994)
• Belize
  Belize
  Belize is a constitutional monarchy and the northernmost country in Central America. Belize has a diverse society, comprising many cultures and languages. Even though Kriol and Spanish are spoken among the population, Belize is the only country in Central America where English is the official...
  
   -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Belize (1981–present)
  • Governor-General -
    1. Dame Elmira Minita Gordon
       Elmira Minita Gordon
       Dame Elmira Minita Gordon, GCMG, GCVO was Governor-General of Belize from its independence in 1981 to 1993. She was the first woman in a Commonwealth Realm to assume the position of Governor General. As Governor General she also held the title of Patron to the Scout Association of Belize and the...
       
       , Governor-General of Belize (1981–1993)
    2. Colville Young
       Colville Young
       Sir Colville Norbert Young, GCMG, MBE is the Governor General of Belize, and also patron of the Scout Association of Belize. He was appointed Governor-General in 1993, taking office on 17 November of that year, and was knighted in 1994....
       
       , Governor-General of Belize (1993–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. George Cadle Price
       George Cadle Price
       George Cadle Price PC was the first Prime Minister of Belize and is considered to have been one of the principal architects of the country's independence, and is today referred to by many as "the Father of the Nation"....
       
       , Prime Minister of Belize (1989–1993)
    2. Manuel Esquivel
       Manuel Esquivel
       Sir Manuel Esquivel, KCMG, PC is a Belizean politician. As leader of the United Democratic Party, he served as Prime Minister from 1984 to 1989, and then again from 1993 to 1998.-Biography:...
       
       , Prime Minister of Belize (1993–1998)
• Bermuda
  Bermuda
  Bermuda is a British overseas territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. Located off the east coast of the United States, its nearest landmass is Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, about to the west-northwest. It is about south of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, and northeast of Miami, Florida...
  
   (British dependent territory)
  • Governor - David Waddington, Baron Waddington
    David Waddington, Baron Waddington
    David Charles Waddington, Baron Waddington, GCVO, DL, QC, PC , is a British politician. A member of the Conservative Party, he served as a Member of Parliament in the House of Commons from 1968 to 1990, and was then made a life peer...
    
    , Governor of Bermuda
    Governor of Bermuda
    The Governor of Bermuda is the representative of the British monarch in the British overseas territory of Bermuda. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
    
     (1992–1997)
  • Premier - Sir John Swan, Premier of Bermuda (1982–1995)
• British Virgin Islands
  British Virgin Islands
  The Virgin Islands, often called the British Virgin Islands , is a British overseas territory and overseas territory of the European Union, located in the Caribbean to the east of Puerto Rico. The islands make up part of the Virgin Islands archipelago, the remaining islands constituting the U.S...
  
   (British dependent territory)
  • Governor - Peter Alfred Penfold, Governor of the British Virgin Islands
    Governor of the British Virgin Islands
    The Governor of the British Virgin Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of British Virgin Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
    
     (1991–1995)
  • Chief Minister - Lavity Stoutt
    Lavity Stoutt
    Hamilton Lavity Stoutt was the first and longest serving Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands, winning four general elections and serving three non-consecutive terms of office from 1967 to 1971, again from 1981 to 1983 and again from 1986 until his death in 1995.Since Stoutt's death in...
    
    , Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands (1986–1995)
• Canada
  Canada
  Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
  
   -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Canada
    Style of the Canadian sovereign
    The title and style of the Canadian sovereign is the formal mode of address of the monarch of Canada. The form is based on those that were inherited from the United Kingdom and France, used in the colonies to refer to the reigning monarch in Europe...
    
     (1952–present)
  • Governor General - Ray Hnatyshyn
    Ray Hnatyshyn
    Ramon John Hnatyshyn , commonly known as Ray Hnatyshyn, was a Canadian politician and statesman who served as Governor General of Canada, the 24th since Canadian Confederation....
    
    , Governor General of Canada (1989–1995)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Brian Mulroney
       Brian Mulroney
       Martin Brian Mulroney, was the 18th Prime Minister of Canada from September 17, 1984, to June 25, 1993 and was leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada from 1983 to 1993. His tenure as Prime Minister was marked by the introduction of major economic reforms, such as the Canada-U.S...
       
       , Prime Minister of Canada (1984–1993)
    2. Kim Campbell
       Kim Campbell
       Avril Phædra Douglas "Kim" Campbell, is a Canadian politician, lawyer, university professor, diplomat, and writer. She served as the 19th Prime Minister of Canada, serving from June 25, 1993, to November 4, 1993...
       
       , Prime Minister of Canada (1993)
    3. Jean Chrétien
       Jean Chrétien
       Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien , known commonly as Jean Chrétien is a former Canadian politician who was the 20th Prime Minister of Canada. He served in the position for over ten years, from November 4, 1993 to December 12, 2003....
       
       , Prime Minister of Canada (1993–2003)
• Cayman Islands
  Cayman Islands
  The Cayman Islands is a British Overseas Territory and overseas territory of the European Union located in the western Caribbean Sea. The territory comprises the three islands of Grand Cayman, Cayman Brac, and Little Cayman, located south of Cuba and northwest of Jamaica...
  
   (British dependent territory)
  • Governor - Michael Edward John Gore, Governor of the Cayman Islands
    Governor of the Cayman Islands
    The Governor of the Cayman Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of the Cayman Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
    
     (1992–1995)
  • Head of Government - Thomas Jefferson
    Thomas Jefferson (Caymanian politician)
    Thomas C. Jefferson, OBE was a Caymanian politician. He served as Leader of Government Business from 1992 to 1994.Mr...
    
    , Leader of Government Business of the Cayman Islands
    Leader of Government Business
    The Premier of the Cayman Islands is the political leader and head of government. The post of Premier in the Cayman Islands is the equivalent to Chief Minister or Prime Minister in other British Overseas Territories. It is the highest political level that can be attained within the British colonial...
    
     (1992–1994)
• Costa Rica
  Costa Rica
  Costa Rica , officially the Republic of Costa Rica is a multilingual, multiethnic and multicultural country in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Caribbean Sea to the east....
  
   -
  • President - Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier
    Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier
    Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier served as President of Costa Rica from 1990 to 1994. He was the presidential candidate of the Social Christian Unity Party for the national elections held in February 2010, but resigned his candidacy on 5 October 2009, when he was sentenced to five years in prison...
    
    , President of Costa Rica (1990–1994)
• Cuba
  Cuba
  The Republic of Cuba is an island nation in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos. Havana is the largest city in Cuba and the country's capital. Santiago de Cuba is the second largest city...
  
  
  • Communist Party Leader - Fidel Castro
    Fidel Castro
    Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz is a Cuban revolutionary and politician, having held the position of Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and then President from 1976 to 2008. He also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from the party's foundation in 1961 until 2011...
    
    , First secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba
    Communist Party of Cuba
    The Communist Party of Cuba is the governing political party in Cuba. It is a communist party of the Marxist-Leninist model. The Cuban constitution ascribes the role of the Party to be the "leading force of society and of the state"...
    
     (1965–2011)
  • President - Fidel Castro
    Fidel Castro
    Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz is a Cuban revolutionary and politician, having held the position of Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and then President from 1976 to 2008. He also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from the party's foundation in 1961 until 2011...
    
    , President of the Council of State of Cuba
    President of Cuba
    --209.174.31.28 18:43, 22 November 2011 The President of Cuba is the Head of state of Cuba. According to the Cuban Constitution of 1976, the President is the chief executive of the Council of State of Cuba...
    
     (1976–2008)
  • Premier - Fidel Castro
    Fidel Castro
    Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz is a Cuban revolutionary and politician, having held the position of Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and then President from 1976 to 2008. He also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from the party's foundation in 1961 until 2011...
    
    , President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba
    Prime Minister of Cuba
    Prime Minister of Cuba was a position in the government of Cuba. Fidel Castro assumed the position of Prime Minister in 1959 replacing José Miró Cardona....
    
     (1959–2008)
• Dominica
  Dominica
  Dominica , officially the Commonwealth of Dominica, is an island nation in the Lesser Antilles region of the Caribbean Sea, south-southeast of Guadeloupe and northwest of Martinique. Its size is and the highest point in the country is Morne Diablotins, which has an elevation of . The Commonwealth...
  
   -
  • President -
    1. Sir Clarence Seignoret, President of Dominica (1983–1993)
    2. Crispin Sorhaindo
       Crispin Sorhaindo
       Crispin Anselm Sorhaindo OBE was the fourth President of Dominica. He served from October 25, 1993 until October 5, 1998....
       
       , President of Dominica (1993–1998)
  • Prime Minister - Dame Eugenia Charles
    Eugenia Charles
    Dame Mary Eugenia Charles, DBE was Prime Minister of Dominica from 21 July 1980 until 14 June 1995. She was Dominica's first, and to date only, female prime minister, as well as the nation's longest serving prime minister...
    
    , Prime Minister of Dominica (1980–1995)
• Dominican Republic
  Dominican Republic
  The Dominican Republic is a nation on the island of La Hispaniola, part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands that are shared by two countries...
  
   -
  • President - Joaquín Balaguer
    Joaquín Balaguer
    Joaquín Antonio Balaguer Ricardo was the President of the Dominican Republic from 1960 to 1962, from 1966 to 1978, and again from 1986 to 1996.-Early life and introduction to politics:...
    
    , President of the Dominican Republic (1986–1996)
• El Salvador
  El Salvador
  El Salvador or simply Salvador is the smallest and the most densely populated country in Central America. The country's capital city and largest city is San Salvador; Santa Ana and San Miguel are also important cultural and commercial centers in the country and in all of Central America...
  
   -
  • President - Alfredo Cristiani
    Alfredo Cristiani
    Alfredo Félix Cristiani Burkard, popularly known as Alfredo Cristiani was President of El Salvador from 1989 to 1994....
    
    , President of El Salvador
    President of El Salvador
    This page contains a list of Presidents of El Salvador.-Heads of State of El Salvador within the Federal Republic of Central America :*Pedro Barriere : 21 September 1821 - 28 November 1821*José Matías Delgado : 28 Nov 1821 - 9 February 1823...
    
     (1989–1994)
• Grenada
  Grenada
  Grenada is an island country and Commonwealth Realm consisting of the island of Grenada and six smaller islands at the southern end of the Grenadines in the southeastern Caribbean Sea...
  
   -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Grenada (1974–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Reginald Palmer
    Reginald Palmer
    Sir Reginald Oswald Palmer, GCMG was the governor-general of Grenada from 6th August 1992 to 8th August 1996.Beginning his career in education, first as a pupil teacher he went on to become the head teacher of St. George's Roman Catholic School in 1956...
    
    , Governor-General of Grenada (1992–1996)
  • Prime Minister - Nicholas Brathwaite
    Nicholas Brathwaite
    Sir Nicholas Alexander Brathwaite was the prime minister of Grenada from 1983 to 1984 and from 1990 to 1995.Brathwaite was born in Carriacou, Grenada. Following the 1983 invasion of Grenada, Brathwaite, a member of the National Democratic Congress, was appointed by Governor-General Sir Paul Scoon...
    
    , Prime Minister of Grenada (1990–1995)
• Guatemala
  Guatemala
  Guatemala is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, Belize to the northeast, the Caribbean to the east, and Honduras and El Salvador to the southeast...
  
   -
  • President -
    1. Jorge Serrano Elías
       Jorge Serrano Elías
       Jorge Antonio Serrano Elías was President of Guatemala from January 14, 1991 to May 31, 1993.-Career:Serrano was born April 26, 1945 in Guatemala City as the son of Jorge Adán Serrano and Rosa Elías...
       
       , President of Guatemala
       President of Guatemala
       The title of President of Guatemala has been the usual title of the leader of Guatemala since 1839, when that title was assumed by Mariano Rivera Paz...
       
        (1991–1993)
    2. Gustavo Adolfo Espina Salguero
       Gustavo Adolfo Espina Salguero
       Gustavo Adolfo Espina Salguero became vice-president of Guatemala as the running mate of President Jorge Serrano on January 14, 1991.Serrano attempted a self-coup on May 25, 1993, but was forced to flee into exile on June 1...
       
       , President of Guatemala
       President of Guatemala
       The title of President of Guatemala has been the usual title of the leader of Guatemala since 1839, when that title was assumed by Mariano Rivera Paz...
       
        (1993)
    3. Ramiro de León Carpio
       Ramiro de León Carpio
       Ramiro de León Carpio was the President of Guatemala from 6 June 1993 until 14 January 1996.-Career:He studied law at the University of San Carlos and then at the Rafael Landívar University, where he ran the Sol Bolivariano newspaper...
       
       , President of Guatemala
       President of Guatemala
       The title of President of Guatemala has been the usual title of the leader of Guatemala since 1839, when that title was assumed by Mariano Rivera Paz...
       
        (1993–1996)
• Haiti
  Haiti
  Haiti , officially the Republic of Haiti , is a Caribbean country. It occupies the western, smaller portion of the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antillean archipelago, which it shares with the Dominican Republic. Ayiti was the indigenous Taíno or Amerindian name for the island...
  
   -
  • President -
    1. Marc Bazin
       Marc Bazin
       Marc Louis Bazin was a World Bank official, former United Nations functionary and Haïtian Minister of Finance and Economy under the dictatorship of Jean-Claude Duvalier...
       
       , Acting President of Haiti (1992–1993)
    2. Jean-Bertrand Aristide
       Jean-Bertrand Aristide
       Jean-Bertrand Aristide is a Haitian former Catholic priest and politician who served as Haiti's first democratically elected president. A proponent of liberation theology, Aristide was appointed to a parish in Port-au-Prince in 1982 after completing his studies...
       
       , President of Haiti (1993–1994)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Marc Bazin
       Marc Bazin
       Marc Louis Bazin was a World Bank official, former United Nations functionary and Haïtian Minister of Finance and Economy under the dictatorship of Jean-Claude Duvalier...
       
       , Prime Minister of Haiti (1992–1993)
    2. Robert Malval
       Robert Malval
       Robert Malval was the prime minister of Haïti from August 30 1993 to November 8 1994.An industrialist and business leader, Malval was appointed on August 16 1993 by the President-in-exile, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, who gave Malval the task of reconciling the feuding parties. He defied the...
       
       , Prime Minister of Haiti (1993–1994)
• Honduras
  Honduras
  Honduras is a republic in Central America. It was previously known as Spanish Honduras to differentiate it from British Honduras, which became the modern-day state of Belize...
  
   -
  • President - Rafael Leonardo Callejas Romero
    Rafael Leonardo Callejas Romero
    Rafael Leonardo Callejas Romero was born on 14 November 1943 in Tegucigalpa in Honduras, and was the President of Honduras from 27 January 1990 to 27 January 1994, representing the National Party of Honduras .-Career:...
    
    , President of Honduras
    President of Honduras
    This page lists the Presidents of Honduras.Colonial Honduras declared its independence from Spain on 15 September 1821. From 5 January 1822 to 1 July 1823, Honduras was part of the First Mexican Empire of Agustín de Iturbide....
    
     (1990–1994)
• Jamaica
  Jamaica
  Jamaica is an island nation of the Greater Antilles, in length, up to in width and 10,990 square kilometres in area. It is situated in the Caribbean Sea, about south of Cuba, and west of Hispaniola, the island harbouring the nation-states Haiti and the Dominican Republic...
  
   -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Jamaica (1962–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Howard Cooke
    Howard Cooke
    Sir Howard Felix Hanlan Cooke, ON, GCMG, GCVO, CD, K.St.J was the Governor-General of Jamaica from August 1, 1991 until February 15, 2006 when he became the first governor-general to invest his own successor, Professor Kenneth Octavius Hall...
    
    , Governor-General of Jamaica
    Governor-General of Jamaica
    The Governor-General of Jamaica represents the Jamaican monarch, and head of state, who holds the title of King or Queen of Jamaica ....
    
     (1991–2006)
  • Prime Minister - P. J. Patterson
    P. J. Patterson
    Percival Noel James Patterson, ON, QC, PC, O.E., was the sixth Prime Minister of Jamaica from 1992 to 2006. Until February 2006 he was the leader of the Jamaican People's National Party . The new PNP leader, Portia Simpson-Miller, took over as Prime Minister on 30 March 2006...
    
    , Prime Minister of Jamaica
    Prime Minister of Jamaica
    The Prime Minister of Jamaica is Jamaica's head of government, currently Andrew Holness. Andrew Holness was elected as the new leader of the governing Jamaica Labour Party and succeeded Bruce Golding to become Jamaica's ninth Prime Minister on 23 October 2011...
    
     (1992–2006)
• Mexico
  Mexico
  The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
  
   -
  • President - Carlos Salinas de Gortari, President of Mexico (1988–1994)
• Montserrat
  Montserrat
  Montserrat is a British overseas territory located in the Leeward Islands, part of the chain of islands called the Lesser Antilles in the West Indies. This island measures approximately long and wide, giving of coastline...
  
   (British dependent territory)
  • Governor -
    1. David G. P. Taylor
       David G. P. Taylor
       David George Pendleton Taylor CBE was a British businessman and administrator who served as Chief Executive of the Falklands Islands and Governor of Montserrat....
       
       , Governor of Montserrat
       Governor of Montserrat
       The Governor of Montserrat is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Montserrat. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
       
        (1990–1993)
    2. Frank Savage, Governor of Montserrat
       Governor of Montserrat
       The Governor of Montserrat is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Montserrat. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
       
        (1993–1997)
  • Chief Minister - Reuben Meade
    Reuben Meade
    Reuben Theodor Meade is a politician from Montserrat, a veteran lawmaker and the current Premier since 27 September 2011. He served previously as the territory's chief minister from 10 October 1991 to 13 November 1996. His party is called Movement for Change and Prosperity . He previously led the...
    
    , Chief Minister of Montserrat
    Chief Minister of Montserrat
    The Chief Minister of Montserrat is the head of government of Montserrat, an island in the Caribbean that is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom, appointed by the Governor of Montserrat on behalf of Queen Elizabeth II, Montserrat's head of state. The current Chief Minister of Montserrat is...
    
     (1991–1996)
• Netherlands Antilles
  Netherlands Antilles
  The Netherlands Antilles , also referred to informally as the Dutch Antilles, was an autonomous Caribbean country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, consisting of two groups of islands in the Lesser Antilles: Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao , in Leeward Antilles just off the Venezuelan coast; and Sint...
  
   (constituent country
  Constituent country
  Constituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity. The term constituent country does not have any defined legal meaning, and is used simply to refer to a country which is a part Constituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts...
  
   of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
  Kingdom of the Netherlands
  The Kingdom of the Netherlands is a sovereign state and constitutional monarchy with territory in Western Europe and in the Caribbean. The four parts of the Kingdom—Aruba, Curaçao, the Netherlands, and Sint Maarten—are referred to as "countries", and participate on a basis of equality...
  
  )
  • Governor - Jaime Saleh, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles
    Governor of the Netherlands Antilles
    The Governor of the Netherlands Antilles was the representative of the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the Netherlands Antilles and the head of the National Government of the Netherlands Antilles....
    
     (1990–2002)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Maria Liberia Peters
       Maria Liberia Peters
       Maria Liberia Peters was the Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles from 1984 to 1986 and from 1988 to 1994.Born Maria Peters in Willemstad, Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles, she attended school and earned a teaching degree in the Netherlands. She later married Niels Liberia, a civil servant...
       
       , Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (1988–1993)
    2. Susanne Camelia-Römer, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (1993)
    3. Alejandro Felippe Paula, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (1993–1994)
• Nicaragua
  Nicaragua
  Nicaragua is the largest country in the Central American American isthmus, bordered by Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. The country is situated between 11 and 14 degrees north of the Equator in the Northern Hemisphere, which places it entirely within the tropics. The Pacific Ocean...
  
   -
  • President - Violeta Chamorro
    Violeta Chamorro
    Violeta Barrios Torres de Chamorro is a Nicaraguan political leader, former president and publisher. She became president of Nicaragua on April 25, 1990, when she unseated Daniel Ortega...
    
    , President of Nicaragua
    President of Nicaragua
    The position of President of Nicaragua was created in the Constitution of 1854. From 1825 until the Constitution of 1838 the title of the position was known as Head of State and from 1838 to 1854 as Supreme Director .-Heads of State of Nicaragua within the Federal Republic of Central America...
    
     (1990–1997)
• Panama
  Panama
  Panama , officially the Republic of Panama , is the southernmost country of Central America. Situated on the isthmus connecting North and South America, it is bordered by Costa Rica to the northwest, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south. The...
  
   -
  • President - Guillermo Endara
    Guillermo Endara
    Guillermo David Endara Galimany was the President of Panama from 1989 to 1994. He ran for office in 2004 and 2009 but lost to the former President Martin Torrijos and to the incumbent President Ricardo Martinelli....
    
    , President of Panama (1989–1994)
• Saint Kitts and Nevis
  Saint Kitts and Nevis
  The Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis , located in the Leeward Islands, is a federal two-island nation in the West Indies. It is the smallest sovereign state in the Americas, in both area and population....
  
   -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Clement Arrindell
    Clement Arrindell
    Sir Clement Athelston Arrindell GCMG GCVO QC was Governor of Saint Kitts and Nevis from 1981-83 and Governor-General upon the island's independence in 1983...
    
    , Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1981–1995)
  • Prime Minister - Kennedy Simmonds
    Kennedy Simmonds
    Dr. the Right Honourable Sir Kennedy Alphonse Simmonds was a founding member of the People's Action Movement party. He was Premier of Saint Kitts and Nevis from 21 February 1980, until the twin-island state gained independence from the United Kingdom on 19 September 1983. Upon Independence, he...
    
    , Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1980–1995)
• Saint Lucia
  Saint Lucia
  Saint Lucia is an island country in the eastern Caribbean Sea on the boundary with the Atlantic Ocean. Part of the Lesser Antilles, it is located north/northeast of the island of Saint Vincent, northwest of Barbados and south of Martinique. It covers a land area of 620 km2 and has an...
  
   -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Saint Lucia (1979–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Stanislaus A. James, Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1988–1996)
  • Prime Minister - John Compton
    John Compton
    Sir John George Melvin Compton, KBE, PC was the first, fifth and eighth Prime Minister of Saint Lucia in 1979, from 1982 to 1996, and from 2006 until his death. Compton, who previously led Saint Lucia under British rule from 1964 to 1979, was the country's first leader when it became independent...
    
    , Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (1982–1996)
• Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Territorial collectivity of France)
  • Prefect - Yves Henry, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
    Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
    The prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon is the local representative of the President of France and in effect the Governor or Executive officer of the territory.- Overview :...
    
     (1992–1994)
  • President of the General Council - Marc Plantegenest, President of the General Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1984–1994)
• Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is an island country in the Lesser Antilles chain, namely in the southern portion of the Windward Islands, which lie at the southern end of the eastern border of the Caribbean Sea where the latter meets the Atlantic Ocean....
  
   -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir David Emmanuel Jack
    David Emmanuel Jack
    Sir David Emmanuel Jack, GCMG, MBE was Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines from 1989 to 1996. He was born in Victoria Village, St. Vincent and the Grenadines. He also served as Health Minister from 1986 to 1989....
    
    , Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1989–1996)
  • Prime Minister - James Fitz-Allen Mitchell
    James Fitz-Allen Mitchell
    Sir James Fitz-Allen Mitchell was the second Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and the founder of the New Democratic Party . He also served as Premier of the then colony from 1972 to 1974.-Life and career:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1984–2000)
• Trinidad and Tobago
  Trinidad and Tobago
  Trinidad and Tobago officially the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago is an archipelagic state in the southern Caribbean, lying just off the coast of northeastern Venezuela and south of Grenada in the Lesser Antilles...
  
   -
  • President - Noor Hassanali
    Noor Hassanali
    Noor Mohamed Hassanali,TC was the second President of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago . A retired High Court judge, President Hassanali was the first Indo-Trinidadian to hold the office of President and was the first Muslim head of state in the Americas...
    
    , President of Trinidad and Tobago (1987–1997)
  • Prime Minister - Patrick Manning
    Patrick Manning
    Patrick Augustus Mervyn Manning was the fourth and sixth Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago, as well as the former Political Leader of the People's National Movement . He served as Prime Minister from 17 December 1991 to 9 November 1995 and held that office again from 24 December 2001 until 26...
    
    , Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1991–1995)
• Turks and Caicos Islands
  Turks and Caicos Islands
  The Turks and Caicos Islands are a British Overseas Territory and overseas territory of the European Union consisting of two groups of tropical islands in the Caribbean, the larger Caicos Islands and the smaller Turks Islands, known for tourism and as an offshore financial centre.The Turks and...
  
   (British dependent territory)
  • Governor -
    1. Michael J. Bradley
       Michael J. Bradley (Governor)
       Michael John Bradley was Governor of the Turks and Caicos from January 1987 to June 1993. Bradley was succeeded by Martin Bourke in June 1993....
       
       , Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands
       Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands
       The Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Turks and Caicos Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
       
        (1987–1993)
    2. Martin Bourke
       Martin Bourke
       Martin Bourke is a former British diplomat who was Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands from June 1993 to September 1996. Bourke was succeeded by John Kelly in October 1996....
       
       , Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands
       Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands
       The Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Turks and Caicos Islands. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government...
       
        (1993–1996)
  • Chief Minister - Washington Misick
    Washington Misick
    Washington Misick is a politician from the Turks and Caicos Islands. He served as the island territory's Chief Minister from April 1991 to 31 January 1995.-References:...
    
    , Chief Minister of Turks and Caicos Islands
    Premier of the Turks and Caicos Islands
    This is a list of Chief Ministers and Premiers of the Turks and Caicos Islands.-Chief Ministers of the Turks and Caicos Islands:-Premiers of the Turks and Caicos Islands:...
    
     (1991–1995)
• United States of America
  United States
  The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
  
  
  • President -
    1. George H. W. Bush
       George H. W. Bush
       George Herbert Walker Bush is an American politician who served as the 41st President of the United States . He had previously served as the 43rd Vice President of the United States , a congressman, an ambassador, and Director of Central Intelligence.Bush was born in Milton, Massachusetts, to...
       
       , President of the United States (1989–1993)
    2. Bill Clinton
       Bill Clinton
       William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Inaugurated at age 46, he was the third-youngest president. He took office at the end of the Cold War, and was the first president of the baby boomer generation...
       
       , President of the United States (1993–2001)
  • Puerto Rico
    Puerto Rico
    Puerto Rico , officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico , is an unincorporated territory of the United States, located in the northeastern Caribbean, east of the Dominican Republic and west of both the United States Virgin Islands and the British Virgin Islands.Puerto Rico comprises an...
    
     (Commonwealth
    Commonwealth (United States insular area)
    In the terminology of the United States insular areas, a Commonwealth is a type of organized but unincorporated dependent territory.The definition of "Commonwealth" according to current U.S. State Department policy reads: "The term 'Commonwealth' does not describe or provide for any specific...
    
     of the United States)
    • Governor -
      1. Rafael Hernández Colón
         Rafael Hernández Colón
         Rafael Hernández Colón is a Puerto Rican politician who served as the fourth Governor of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico for three non-consecutive terms, from 1973 to 1977 and from 1985 to 1993. An experienced politician, Hernández holds the record for being the youngest Governor of Puerto Rico,...
         
         , Governor of Puerto Rico
         Governor of Puerto Rico
         The Governor of Puerto Rico is the Head of Government of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Since 1948, the Governor has been elected by the people of Puerto Rico...
         
          (1985–1993)
      2. Pedro Rosselló
         Pedro Rosselló
         Pedro Juan Rosselló González, M.D., , is a Puerto Rican physician and politician who served as the sixth Governor of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico from 1993 to 2001...
         
         , Governor of Puerto Rico
         Governor of Puerto Rico
         The Governor of Puerto Rico is the Head of Government of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Since 1948, the Governor has been elected by the people of Puerto Rico...
         
          (1993–2001)
  • United States Virgin Islands
    United States Virgin Islands
    The Virgin Islands of the United States are a group of islands in the Caribbean that are an insular area of the United States. The islands are geographically part of the Virgin Islands archipelago and are located in the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles.The U.S...
    
     (Insular area
    Insular area
    An insular area is a United States territory, that is neither a part of one of the fifty U.S. states nor the District of Columbia, the federal district of the United States...
    
     of the United States)
    • Governor - Alexander A. Farrelly
      Alexander A. Farrelly
      Alexander Anthony Farrelly was the governor of the United States Virgin Islands serving from 1987 to 1995.Farrelly graduated from St. John's University, Queens, New York in 1954 with a bachelor's degree in law...
      
      , Governor of US Virgin Islands (1987–1995)

Oceania

• American Samoa
  American Samoa
  American Samoa is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of the sovereign state of Samoa...
  
   (unorganized
  Unorganized territory
  An unorganized territory is a region of land without a "normally" constituted system of government. This does not mean that the territory has no government at all or that it is unclaimed territory...
  
  , unincorporated territory of the United States)
  • Governor -
    1. Peter Tali Coleman
       Peter Tali Coleman
       Peter Tali Coleman was the first person of Samoan descent to be appointed governor of American Samoa and later became the territory's first popularly elected governor. A member of the Republican Party, he is the only U.S...
       
       , Governor of American Samoa (1989–1993)
    2. A. P. Lutali
       A. P. Lutali
       Aifili Paulo Lauvao , was governor of American Samoa . The founder of the U.S. commonwealth's Democratic Party, he had a long career in the legislature and the judiciary in American Samoa. From 1951 to 1954, he served as administrative supervisor for public schools...
       
       , Governor of American Samoa (1993–1997)
• Australia
  Australia
  Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
  
   -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Australia
    Monarchy in Australia
    The Monarchy of Australia is a form of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign of Australia. The monarchy is a constitutional one modelled on the Westminster style of parliamentary government, incorporating features unique to the Constitution of Australia.The present monarch is...
    
     (1952–present)
  • Governor-General - Bill Hayden
    Bill Hayden
    William George "Bill" Hayden AC was the 21st Governor-General of Australia. Prior to this, he represented the Australian Labor Party in parliament; he was a minister in the government of Gough Whitlam, and later became Leader of the Opposition, narrowly losing the 1980 federal election to the...
    
    , Governor-General of Australia
    Governor-General of Australia
    The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia is the representative in Australia at federal/national level of the Australian monarch . He or she exercises the supreme executive power of the Commonwealth...
    
     (1989–1996)
  • Prime Minister - Paul Keating
    Paul Keating
    Paul John Keating was the 24th Prime Minister of Australia, serving from 1991 to 1996. Keating was elected as the federal Labor member for Blaxland in 1969 and came to prominence as the reformist treasurer of the Hawke Labor government, which came to power at the 1983 election...
    
    , Prime Minister of Australia
    Prime Minister of Australia
    The Prime Minister of the Commonwealth of Australia is the highest minister of the Crown, leader of the Cabinet and Head of Her Majesty's Australian Government, holding office on commission from the Governor-General of Australia. The office of Prime Minister is, in practice, the most powerful...
    
     (1991–1996)
  • Christmas Island
    Christmas Island
    The Territory of Christmas Island is a territory of Australia in the Indian Ocean. It is located northwest of the Western Australian city of Perth, south of the Indonesian capital, Jakarta, and ENE of the Cocos Islands....
    
     (external territory of Australia)
    • Administrator - Michael John Grimes, Administrator of Christmas Island (1992-1994)
    • Shire President - Lillian Oh, Shire president of Christmas Island (1992–1995)
  • Cocos (Keeling) Islands
    Cocos (Keeling) Islands
    The Territory of the Cocos Islands, also called Cocos Islands and Keeling Islands, is a territory of Australia, located in the Indian Ocean, southwest of Christmas Island and approximately midway between Australia and Sri Lanka....
    
     (external territory of Australia)
    • Administrator - John Bell Read, Administrator of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1992-1994)
    • Shire President -
      1. Parson bin Yapat, Chairman of the Cocos Islands Council (1983-1993)
      2. Ronald Grant, Shire president of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1993-1995)
  • Norfolk Island
    Norfolk Island
    Norfolk Island is a small island in the Pacific Ocean located between Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia. The island is part of the Commonwealth of Australia, but it enjoys a large degree of self-governance...
    
     (self-governing territory of Australia)
    • Administrator - Alan Gardner Kerr, Administrator of Norfolk Island (1992–1997)
    • Head of Government - John Terence Brown, Head of Government of Norfolk Island (1992–1994)
• Fiji
  Fiji
  Fiji , officially the Republic of Fiji , is an island nation in Melanesia in the South Pacific Ocean about northeast of New Zealand's North Island...
  
   -
  • President -
    1. Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau
       Penaia Ganilau
       Ratu Sir Penaia Kanatabatu Ganilau, GCMG, KCVO, KBE, DSO was the first President of Fiji, serving from 8 December 1987 until his death in 1993...
       
       , President of Fiji
       President of Fiji
       The President of the Republic of Fiji is the head of state of Fiji. The President was appointed by the Great Council of Chiefs for a five-year term under the terms of the now-suspended 1997 constitution. The Great Council of Chiefs is constitutionally required to consult the Prime Minister, but...
       
        (1987–1993)
    2. Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara
       Kamisese Mara
       Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, CF, GCMG, KBE is considered the founding father of the modern nation of Fiji. He was Chief Minister from 1967 to 1970, when Fiji gained its independence from the United Kingdom, and, apart from one brief interruption in 1987, the first Prime Minister from 1970 to 1992...
       
       , President of Fiji
       President of Fiji
       The President of the Republic of Fiji is the head of state of Fiji. The President was appointed by the Great Council of Chiefs for a five-year term under the terms of the now-suspended 1997 constitution. The Great Council of Chiefs is constitutionally required to consult the Prime Minister, but...
       
        (1993–2000)
  • Prime Minister - Sitiveni Rabuka
    Sitiveni Rabuka
    Major-General Sitiveni Ligamamada Rabuka, OBE, MSD, OStJ, is best known as the instigator of two military coups that shook Fiji in 1987. He was later democratically elected the third Prime Minister, serving from 1992 to 1999...
    
    , Prime Minister of Fiji
    Prime Minister of Fiji
    The Prime Minister of the Republic of Fiji is the head of government of Fiji. The Prime Minister was appointed by the President under the terms of the now-suspended 1997 constitution....
    
     (1992–1999)
• French Polynesia
  French Polynesia
  French Polynesia is an overseas country of the French Republic . It is made up of several groups of Polynesian islands, the most famous island being Tahiti in the Society Islands group, which is also the most populous island and the seat of the capital of the territory...
  
   (French overseas territory)
  • High Commissioner - Michel Jau, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (1992–1994)
  • President of the Government - Gaston Flosse
    Gaston Flosse
    Gaston Flosse is a French Polynesian politician who has been President of French Polynesia on four separate occasions. He is currently a member of the Senate of France.-Life and career:...
    
    , President of the Government of French Polynesia
    President of French Polynesia
    This is the list of Presidents of French Polynesia.-See also:*List of monarchs of Tahiti*Colonial and Departmental Heads of French Polynesia-External links:*...
    
     (1991–2004)
• Guam
  Guam
  Guam is an organized, unincorporated territory of the United States located in the western Pacific Ocean. It is one of five U.S. territories with an established civilian government. Guam is listed as one of 16 Non-Self-Governing Territories by the Special Committee on Decolonization of the United...
  
   (Insular area
  Insular area
  An insular area is a United States territory, that is neither a part of one of the fifty U.S. states nor the District of Columbia, the federal district of the United States...
  
   of the United States)
  • Governor - Joseph Franklin Ada
    Joseph Franklin Ada
    Joseph Franklin Ada is a U.S. politician.Born in Guam, Ada attended the College of Guam for two years before entering the University of Portland, where he graduated with a bachelor's degree in corporate finance in 1968. He served as the Republican Governor of Guam from 1987 until 1995. His running...
    
    , Governor of Guam (1987–1995)
• Kiribati
  Kiribati
  Kiribati , officially the Republic of Kiribati, is an island nation located in the central tropical Pacific Ocean. The permanent population exceeds just over 100,000 , and is composed of 32 atolls and one raised coral island, dispersed over 3.5 million square kilometres, straddling the...
  
   -
  • President - Teatao Teannaki
    Teatao Teannaki
    Teatao Teannaki is an I-Kiribati political figure.He was first elected to represent Abiang in the House of Assembly of Kiribati. Later, beginning in 1979, he served as Vice president of Kiribati under Ieremia Tabai...
    
    , President of Kiribati
    President of Kiribati
    The President of Kiribati is the head of state and head of government of Kiribati.Following a general election, by which citizens elect the members of the House of Assembly, members select from their midst "not less than 3 nor more than 4 candidates" for the presidency. No other person may stand...
    
     (1991–1994)
• Marshall Islands
  Marshall Islands
  The Republic of the Marshall Islands , , is a Micronesian nation of atolls and islands in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, just west of the International Date Line and just north of the Equator. As of July 2011 the population was 67,182...
  
   -
  • President - Amata Kabua
    Amata Kabua
    Amata Kabua was the first President of the Marshall Islands from 1979 to 1996 ....
    
    , President of the Marshall Islands
    President of the Marshall Islands
    -List of Presidents of the Marshall Islands:...
    
     (1979–1996)
• Micronesia
  Federated States of Micronesia
  The Federated States of Micronesia or FSM is an independent, sovereign island nation, made up of four states from west to east: Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei and Kosrae. It comprises approximately 607 islands with c...
  
   -
  • President - Bailey Olter
    Bailey Olter
    Bailey Olter was a Micronesian political figure. He served as Vice President of the Federated States of Micronesia from 1983 to 1987 and as the third president of the Federated States of Micronesia from 1991 to 1996...
    
    , President of the Federated States of Micronesia
    President of the Federated States of Micronesia
    The following is a list of the Presidents of the Federated States of Micronesia:-See also:*High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands...
    
     (1991–1997)
• Nauru
  Nauru
  Nauru , officially the Republic of Nauru and formerly known as Pleasant Island, is an island country in Micronesia in the South Pacific. Its nearest neighbour is Banaba Island in Kiribati, to the east. Nauru is the world's smallest republic, covering just...
  
   -
  • President - Bernard Dowiyogo
    Bernard Dowiyogo
    HE Bernard Annen Auwen Dowiyogo was President of the Republic of Nauru.-Background and early career:He first became an elected member of Nauru's 18-seat parliament in 1973...
    
    , President of Nauru
    President of Nauru
    The President of Nauru is elected by Parliament from amongst its members. He is both the head of state and head of government of Nauru. Nauru's unicameral Parliament has 18 members, with an electoral term of 3 years. Political parties only play a minor role in Nauru politics, and there has often...
    
     (1989–1995)
• New Caledonia
  New Caledonia
  New Caledonia is a special collectivity of France located in the southwest Pacific Ocean, east of Australia and about from Metropolitan France. The archipelago, part of the Melanesia subregion, includes the main island of Grande Terre, the Loyalty Islands, the Belep archipelago, the Isle of...
  
   (French overseas territory)
  • High Commissioner - Alain Christnacht, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (1991–1994)
• New Zealand
  New Zealand
  New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...
  
   -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand
    Monarchy in New Zealand
    The monarchy of New Zealand also referred to as The Crown in Right of New Zealand, Her Majesty in Right of New Zealand, or The Queen in Right of New Zealand is the constitutional system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign and head of state of the Realm of New Zealand,...
    
     (1952–present)
  • Governor-General - Dame Catherine Tizard
    Catherine Tizard
    Dame Catherine Anne Tizard, was Mayor of Auckland City and the 16th Governor-General of New Zealand, the first woman to hold either office.-Early life:...
    
    , Governor-General of New Zealand (1990–1996)
  • Prime Minister - Jim Bolger
    Jim Bolger
    James Brendan "Jim" Bolger, ONZ was the 35th Prime Minister of New Zealand from 1990 to 1997. Bolger was elected on the promise of delivering a "Decent Society" following the previous Labour government's economic reforms, known as Rogernomics...
    
    , Prime Minister of New Zealand
    Prime Minister of New Zealand
    The Prime Minister of New Zealand is New Zealand's head of government consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the Parliament of New Zealand...
    
    , (1990–1997)
  • Cook Islands
    Cook Islands
    The Cook Islands is a self-governing parliamentary democracy in the South Pacific Ocean in free association with New Zealand...
    
     (Associated state
    Associated state
    An associated state is the minor partner in a formal, free relationship between a political territory with a degree of statehood and a nation, for which no other specific term, such as protectorate, is adopted...
    
     of New Zealand)
    • Queen's Representative - Apenera Short
      Apenera Short
      Sir Apenera Pera Short KBE was a Cook Islands politician and from 1990 to 2000 was the Queen's Representative in the Cook Islands....
      
      , Queen's Representative
      Queen's Representative
      The Queen's Representative is the formal title given to the representative of Queen Elizabeth II, as Queen of New Zealand, in the Cook Islands....
      
       (1990–2000)
    • Prime Minister - Geoffrey Henry
      Geoffrey Henry
      Sir Geoffrey Arama Henry KBE is a Cook Island politician who was twice the Prime Minister of the Cook Islands. He was leader of the Cook Islands Party from 1979 to 2006.-Early life:...
      
      , Prime Minister of the Cook Islands
      Prime Minister of the Cook Islands
      The Prime Minister of the Cook Islands is the official rsponsible for heading Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II's government in the Cook Islands, a self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand. The office was established in 1965, when self-government was first granted to the islands...
      
       (1989–1999)
  • Niue
    Niue
    Niue , is an island country in the South Pacific Ocean. It is commonly known as the "Rock of Polynesia", and inhabitants of the island call it "the Rock" for short. Niue is northeast of New Zealand in a triangle between Tonga to the southwest, the Samoas to the northwest, and the Cook Islands to...
    
     (associated state
    Associated state
    An associated state is the minor partner in a formal, free relationship between a political territory with a degree of statehood and a nation, for which no other specific term, such as protectorate, is adopted...
    
     of New Zealand)
    • Premier -
      1. Young Vivian
         Young Vivian
         Mititaiagimene Young Vivian is a Niuean politician who has twice been the premier of his country. Representing the Niue People's Action Party, he defeated sitting premier Sani Lakatani in May 2002 elections. Vivian had previously served as premier for a brief period from 12 December 1992 to 9...
         
         , Premier of Niue
         Premier of Niue
         The Premier of Niue is Niue's head of government. He or she is elected by the Niue Assembly, and forms a Cabinet consisting of him- or herself and three other members of the Assembly....
         
          (1992–1993)
      2. Frank Lui
         Frank Lui
         Frank Fakaotimanava Lui, CNZM is a former Premier of the Pacific Island state of Niue. Frank Lui was elected into office in the General Elections of early 1993, taking over from the interim premiership of Young Vivian, which was put in place following the passing of long-serving Premier Sir Robert...
         
         , Premier of Niue
         Premier of Niue
         The Premier of Niue is Niue's head of government. He or she is elected by the Niue Assembly, and forms a Cabinet consisting of him- or herself and three other members of the Assembly....
         
          (1993–1999)
  • Tokelau
    Tokelau
    Tokelau is a territory of New Zealand in the South Pacific Ocean that consists of three tropical coral atolls with a combined land area of 10 km2 and a population of approximately 1,400...
    
     (dependent territory
    Dependent territory
    A dependent territory, dependent area or dependency is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a State, and remains politically outside of the controlling state's integral area....
    
     of New Zealand)
    • Administrator -
      1. Brian Absolum, Administrator of Tokelau (1992–1993)
      2. Lindsay Watt, Administrator of Tokelau (1993–2003)
    • Head of Government -
      1. Kuresa Nasau
         Kuresa Nasau
         Kuresa Nasau is a Tokelauan politician who currently serves as head of government . He has previously held the position five times. He is also faipule of Atafu...
         
         , Head of Government of Tokelau (1992–1993)
      2. Salesio Lui
         Salesio Lui
         Salesio Lui is a Tokelauan politician. He was the head of government of Tokelau from February 1993 to February 1994.-References:...
         
         , Head of Government of Tokelau (1993–1994)
• Northern Mariana Islands
  Northern Mariana Islands
  The Northern Mariana Islands, officially the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands , is a commonwealth in political union with the United States, occupying a strategic region of the western Pacific Ocean. It consists of 15 islands about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to the Philippines...
  
   (Commonwealth
  Commonwealth (United States insular area)
  In the terminology of the United States insular areas, a Commonwealth is a type of organized but unincorporated dependent territory.The definition of "Commonwealth" according to current U.S. State Department policy reads: "The term 'Commonwealth' does not describe or provide for any specific...
  
   of the United States)
  • Governor - Lorenzo I. De Leon Guerrero
    Lorenzo I. De Leon Guerrero
    Lorenzo I. De Leon Guerrero was the third elected Governor of the United States Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.-Biography:...
    
    , Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (1990–1994)
• Palau
  Palau
  Palau , officially the Republic of Palau , is an island nation in the Pacific Ocean, east of the Philippines and south of Tokyo. In 1978, after three decades as being part of the United Nations trusteeship, Palau chose independence instead of becoming part of the Federated States of Micronesia, a...
  
   (United Nations Trust Territory
  United Nations Trust Territories
  United Nations trust territories were the successors of the remaining League of Nations mandates and came into being when the League of Nations ceased to exist in 1946. All of the trust territories were administered through the UN Trusteeship Council...
  
   administered by the USA
  United Nations Trust Territories
  United Nations trust territories were the successors of the remaining League of Nations mandates and came into being when the League of Nations ceased to exist in 1946. All of the trust territories were administered through the UN Trusteeship Council...
  
  )
  • President -
    1. Ngiratkel Etpison
       Ngiratkel Etpison
       Ngiratkel Etpison was a politician from Palau. He was elected the country's president in the 1988 elections, the final elections conducted under a plurality voting system, in which he received just 26% of the votes cast, defeating opponent Roman Tmetuchl by a margin of 31 votes...
       
       , President of Palau
       President of Palau
       -List of Presidents of Palau:-Latest election:-See also:*Vice-President of Palau*High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands...
       
        (1989–1993)
    2. Kuniwo Nakamura
       Kuniwo Nakamura
       Kuniwo Nakamura was the President and foreign minister of Palau from 1993 until 2001.-Background and early life:Nakamura is the son of a Japanese immigrant from Matsusaka, Ise Province and a Palauan chieftain's daughter. He was studying in his second year of primary school when the surrender of...
       
       , President of Palau
       President of Palau
       -List of Presidents of Palau:-Latest election:-See also:*Vice-President of Palau*High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands...
       
        (1993–2001)
• Papua New Guinea
  Papua New Guinea
  Papua New Guinea , officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania, occupying the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and numerous offshore islands...
  
  
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Wiwa Korowi
    Wiwa Korowi
    Sir Wiwa Korowi, GCMG was the sixth Governor-General of Papua New Guinea.Sir Wiwa is from the Southern Highlands. He was a member of the Nationalist Party and was voted by the Parliament to the position of Governor-General on November 18, 1991, to fill the position which Serei Eri had vacated...
    
    , Governor-General of Papua New Guinea
    Governor-General of Papua New Guinea
    The Governor-General of Papua New Guinea is the viceregal representative of Queen Elizabeth II, known in Tok Pisin as 'Missis Kwin', Papua New Guinea's head of state, performing the duties of the Queen in her absence...
    
     (1991–1997)
  • Prime Minister - Paias Wingti
    Paias Wingti
    Paias Wingti is a Papua New Guinean political figure. He served as the third Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea between 1985 and 1988, and again from 1992 to 1994.Wingti is a member of the Jika Tribe of the Western Highlands province...
    
    , Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea
    Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea
    The Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea, is Papua New Guinea's head of government, consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the National Parliament. Since 2 August 2011, the Prime Minister has been Peter O’Neill of the People's National Congress Party.-List...
    
     (1992–1994)
• Pitcairn Islands
  Pitcairn Islands
  The Pitcairn Islands , officially named the Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands, form a group of four volcanic islands in the southern Pacific Ocean. The islands are a British Overseas Territory and overseas territory of the European Union in the Pacific...
  
   (British dependent territory)
  • Governor - David Moss
    David Moss
    David Moss is an American professional ice hockey right winger for the Calgary Flames.-Playing career:Moss was selected 220th overall in the seventh round of the 2001 NHL Entry Draft and played for the Flames' AHL affiliate, the Omaha Ak-Sar-Ben Knights from the 2005–06 season. While with the...
    
    , Governor of the Pitcairn Islands
    Governor of the Pitcairn Islands
    The Governor of the Pitcairn Islands is the representative of the British crown in the Pitcairn Islands, which are the last remaining British territory in the Pacific Ocean...
    
     (1990–1994)
  • Mayor - Jay Warren
    Jay Warren
    Jay Calvin Warren is a political figure from the Pacific territory of the Pitcairn Islands.-Political roles:Jay Warren was elected Mayor of the last remaining British dependency in Oceania in the general election held on 15 December 2004, defeating Brenda Christian, who had held the Mayoralty in...
    
    , Magistrate of the Pitcairn Islands (1991–1999)
• Solomon Islands
  Solomon Islands
  Solomon Islands is a sovereign state in Oceania, east of Papua New Guinea, consisting of nearly one thousand islands. It covers a land mass of . The capital, Honiara, is located on the island of Guadalcanal...
  
   -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of the Solomon Islands
    Monarch of the Solomon Islands
    The monarchy of the Solomon Islands is a system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign of the Solomon Islands. The present monarch of the Solomon Islands is Queen Elizabeth II. The Solomon Islands share the Sovereign with a number of Commonwealth realms...
    
     (1978–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir George Lepping, Governor-General of the Solomon Islands
    Governor-General of the Solomon Islands
    The Governor-General of Solomon Islands is the representative of the Queen of Solomon Islands, Elizabeth II. The Queen does not reside in the islands, and so the Governor-General serves as the country's de facto head of state in her absence....
    
     (1988–1994)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Solomon Mamaloni
       Solomon Mamaloni
       Solomon Mamaloni was the second Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands three times:* August 31, 1981 - November 19, 1984* March 28, 1989 - June 18, 1993* November 7, 1994 - August 27, 1997...
       
       , Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands
       Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands
       The Prime Minister of Solomon Islands is Solomon Islands' head of government, consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the National Parliament. Solomon Islands is a Commonwealth realm. Since August 2010, the Prime Minister has been Danny Philip of the Reform...
       
        (1989–1993)
    2. Francis Billy Hilly
       Francis Billy Hilly
       Francis Billy Hilly CMG is a Solomon Islands politician who was the fourth Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands from 18 June 1993 to 7 November 1994. He represented the Ranogga/Simbo Constituency in the National Parliament from 1976 to 1984, and has represented the constituency again since 1993...
       
       , Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands
       Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands
       The Prime Minister of Solomon Islands is Solomon Islands' head of government, consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the National Parliament. Solomon Islands is a Commonwealth realm. Since August 2010, the Prime Minister has been Danny Philip of the Reform...
       
        (1993–1994)
• Tonga
  Tonga
  Tonga, officially the Kingdom of Tonga , is a state and an archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, comprising 176 islands scattered over of ocean in the South Pacific...
  
   -
  • Monarch - Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965–2006)
  • Prime Minister - Baron Vaea, Prime Minister of Tonga
    Prime Minister of Tonga
    This is a list of Prime Ministers of Tonga from the establishment of that office in 1876 until the present day.-List of Premiers/Prime Ministers of Tonga :-External links:*...
    
     (1991–2000)
• Tuvalu
  Tuvalu
  Tuvalu , formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia. Its nearest neighbours are Kiribati, Nauru, Samoa and Fiji. It comprises four reef islands and five true atolls...
  
   -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
    
    , Queen of Tuvalu (1978–present)
  • Governor-General -
    1. Sir Toaripi Lauti
       Toaripi Lauti
       Sir Toaripi Lauti, GCMG, PC was born Toalipi Lauti on November 28, 1928.-Pre-Independence career:He was the chief minister of Tuvalu, the former Ellice Islands, from October 2, 1975 to October 1, 1978. The Tuvalu archipelago, located about halfway between Australia and Hawaii, consists of six...
       
       , Governor-General of Tuvalu
       Governor-General of Tuvalu
       The Governor-General of Tuvalu is the representative of Queen Elizabeth II as Queen of Tuvalu, the nation's Head of State, and performs the duties of the Queen in her absence.-History:...
       
        (1990–1993)
    2. Tomu Sione
       Tomu Sione
       Sir Tomu Malaefone Sione, GCMG, OBE, is a political figure from the Pacific nation of Tuvalu.-Governor-General:Sione served as Governor-General of Tuvalu from 1993–1994, as the representative of HM Queen Elizabeth II, who is Tuvalu's head of state....
       
       , Governor-General of Tuvalu
       Governor-General of Tuvalu
       The Governor-General of Tuvalu is the representative of Queen Elizabeth II as Queen of Tuvalu, the nation's Head of State, and performs the duties of the Queen in her absence.-History:...
       
        (1993–1994)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Bikenibeu Paeniu
       Bikenibeu Paeniu
       The Rt Hon Bikenibeu Paeniu is a politician from Tuvalu. He has served twice as the third Prime Minister of Tuvalu.-Political career:...
       
       , Prime Minister of Tuvalu
       Prime Minister of Tuvalu
       The Prime Minister of Tuvalu is the head of government of Tuvalu. According to Tuvalu's constitution, the Prime Minister must always be a member of Parliament, and is elected by Parliament in a secret ballot. Because there are no political parties in Tuvalu, any member of Parliament can be...
       
        (1989–1993)
    2. Kamuta Latasi
       Kamuta Latasi
       Rt Hon Sir Kamuta Latasi KCMG, OBE, MP, PC is a political figure from the Pacific nation of Tuvalu. Latasi served as the 4th Prime Minister of Tuvalu from 1993 until 1996. He has served as the Speaker of the Parliament of Tuvalu from 2006 to 2010....
       
       , Prime Minister of Tuvalu
       Prime Minister of Tuvalu
       The Prime Minister of Tuvalu is the head of government of Tuvalu. According to Tuvalu's constitution, the Prime Minister must always be a member of Parliament, and is elected by Parliament in a secret ballot. Because there are no political parties in Tuvalu, any member of Parliament can be...
       
        (1993–1996)
• Vanuatu
  Vanuatu
  Vanuatu , officially the Republic of Vanuatu , is an island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago, which is of volcanic origin, is some east of northern Australia, northeast of New Caledonia, west of Fiji, and southeast of the Solomon Islands, near New Guinea.Vanuatu was...
  
   -
  • President - Frederick Karlomuana Timakata
    Frederick Karlomuana Timakata
    Rev. Frederick "Fred" Karlomuana Timakata served as acting President of the island country of Vanuatu briefly in 1984, and subsequently as President from January 30, 1989 to January 30, 1994....
    
    , President of Vanuatu
    President of Vanuatu
    The President of Vanuatu is the head of state of Vanuatu. The President is elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and the presidents of the regional councils.The President's role is mostly ceremonial...
    
     (1989–1994)
  • Prime Minister - Maxime Carlot Korman
    Maxime Carlot Korman
    Maxime Carlot Korman is a ni-Vanuatu politician, formerly serving as Speaker of the Parliament and formerly as acting President. He served as Prime minister of Vanuatu for nearly five years, first from 16 December 1991 to 21 December 1995 and again from 23 February 1996 to 30 September 1996...
    
    , Prime Minister of Vanuatu (1991–1995)
• Wallis and Futuna
  Wallis and Futuna
  Wallis and Futuna, officially the Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands , is a Polynesian French island territory in the South Pacific between Tuvalu to the northwest, Rotuma of Fiji to the west, the main part of Fiji to the southwest, Tonga to the southeast,...
  
   (French overseas territory)
  • Administrator-Superior -
    1. Robert Pommies, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna
       Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna
       The Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna is the representative of the President of the French Republic in Wallis and Futuna. The current Administrator is Michel Jeanjean...
       
        (1990–1993)
    2. Philippe Legrix, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna
       Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna
       The Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna is the representative of the President of the French Republic in Wallis and Futuna. The current Administrator is Michel Jeanjean...
       
        (1993–1994)
  • President of the Territorial Assembly - Soane Mani Uhila, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna
    Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna
    Wallis and Futuna elects on territorial level a legislature. The Territorial Assembly has 20 members, elected for a five year term by proportional representation in multi-seat constituencies....
    
     (1992–1994)
• Western Samoa
  • Head of State - Malietoa Tanumafili II, O le Ao o le Malo of Western Samoa
    O le Ao o le Malo
    O le Ao o le Malo is the Samoan head of state, which is the title's rough translation....
    
     (1962–2007)
  • Prime Minister - Tofilau Eti Alesana
    Tofilau Eti Alesana
    Tofilau Eti Alesana, AC, born Aualamalefalelima Alesana, was a Samoan politician. He was born in Vaitogi, Tutuila, American Samoa to a Samoan upper-class parents, Reverend James Alesana Fai'ivae and Vaoita Iosefa Mala'itai...
    
    , Prime Minister of Western Samoa (1988–1998)

South America

• Argentina
  Argentina
  Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
  
   -
  • President - Carlos Menem
    Carlos Menem
    Carlos Saúl Menem is an Argentine politician who was President of Argentina from 1989 to 1999. He is currently an Argentine National Senator for La Rioja Province.-Early life:...
    
    , President of Argentina (1989–1999)
• Bolivia
  Bolivia
  Bolivia officially known as Plurinational State of Bolivia , is a landlocked country in central South America. It is the poorest country in South America...
  
   -
  • President -
    1. Jaime Paz Zamora
       Jaime Paz Zamora
       Jaime Paz Zamora was President of Bolivia from August 6, 1989 to August 6, 1993. He also served as Vice-President between 1982 and 1984.-Foundation of the MIR and alliance with Siles Zuazo:...
       
       , President of Bolivia
       President of Bolivia
       The President of Bolivia is head of state and head of government of Bolivia. According to the current Constitution, the president is elected by popular vote to a five year term, renewable once...
       
        (1989–1993)
    2. Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada
       Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada
       Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada y Sánchez de Bustamante , familiarly known as "Goni", is a Bolivian politician, businessman, and former President of Bolivia. A lifelong member of the Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario , he is credited for using "shock therapy", the economic theory championed by then...
       
       , President of Bolivia
       President of Bolivia
       The President of Bolivia is head of state and head of government of Bolivia. According to the current Constitution, the president is elected by popular vote to a five year term, renewable once...
       
        (1993–1997)
• Brazil
  Brazil
  Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
  
   -
  • President - Itamar Franco
    Itamar Franco
    Itamar Augusto Cautiero Franco was a Brazilian politician and the President of Brazil from December 29, 1992, to January 1, 1995. During his long political career, Franco was also a Senator, Mayor, Ambassador, Governor and Vice President...
    
    , President of Brazil (1992–1995)
• Chile
  Chile
  Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...
  
   -
  • President - Patricio Aylwin
    Patricio Aylwin
    Patricio Aylwin Azócar was the first president of Chile after its return to democratic rule in 1990, following the military dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet.- Early life :...
    
    , President of Chile
    President of Chile
    The President of the Republic of Chile is both the head of state and the head of government of the Republic of Chile. The President is responsible of the government and state administration...
    
     (1990–1994)
• Colombia
  Colombia
  Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia , is a unitary constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. The country is located in northwestern South America, bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the...
  
   -
  • President - César Gaviria
    César Gaviria
    César Gaviria Trujillo is a Colombian politician and a Latin American statesman. He served as President of Colombia from 1990 to 1994, and Secretary General of the Organization of American States from 1994 until 2004.-Early life:...
    
    , President of Colombia (1990–1994)
• Ecuador
  Ecuador
  Ecuador , officially the Republic of Ecuador is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is one of only two countries in South America, along with Chile, that do not have a border...
  
   -
  • President - Sixto Durán Ballén
    Sixto Durán Ballén
    Sixto Alfonso Durán-Ballén Cordovez is an U.S.-born Ecuadorian political figure and architect. He served as Mayor of Quito between 1970 and 1978, and as president of Ecuador between 1992 and 1996...
    
    , President of Ecuador (1992–1996)
• Falkland Islands
  Falkland Islands
  The Falkland Islands are an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean, located about from the coast of mainland South America. The archipelago consists of East Falkland, West Falkland and 776 lesser islands. The capital, Stanley, is on East Falkland...
  
   (British dependent territory)
  • Governor - David Tatham, Governor of the Falkland Islands
    Governor of the Falkland Islands
    The Governor of the Falkland Islands is the representative of the British Crown in the Falkland Islands, acting "in Her Majesty's name and on Her Majesty's behalf" as the islands' de facto head of state in the absence of the British monarch...
    
     (1992–1996)
  • Chief Executive - Ronald Sampson
    Ronald Sampson
    Ronald Sampson, CBE, is a British administrator who served as Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands from April 1989 until September 1994.During his time as Chief Executive, Sampson worked to improve up the infrastructure of the Falkland Islands in the wake of the 1982 war...
    
    , Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands
    Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands
    The Chief Executive of the Falklands Islands is the head of government of the Falkland Islands, as well as head of the public service responsible for the efficient and effective management of the Falkland Islands Government...
    
     (1989–1994)
• Guyana
  Guyana
  Guyana , officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, previously the colony of British Guiana, is a sovereign state on the northern coast of South America that is culturally part of the Anglophone Caribbean. Guyana was a former colony of the Dutch and of the British...
  
   -
  • President - Cheddi Jagan
    Cheddi Jagan
    Cheddi Berret Jagan was a Guyanese politician who was first elected Chief Minister in 1953 and later Premier of British Guiana from 1961 to 1964, prior to independence. He later served as President of Guyana from 1992 to 1997.- Biography :The son of ethnic Indian sugar plantation workers, Jagan...
    
    , President of Guyana (1992–1997)
  • Prime Minister - Sam Hinds
    Sam Hinds
    Samuel Archibald Anthony Hinds is a Guyanese politician who has been Prime Minister of Guyana almost continuously since 1992...
    
    , Prime Minister of Guyana (1992–1997)
• Paraguay
  Paraguay
  Paraguay , officially the Republic of Paraguay , is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. Paraguay lies on both banks of the Paraguay River, which runs through the center of the...
  
   -
  • President -
    1. Andrés Rodríguez, President of Paraguay (1989–1993)
    2. Juan Carlos Wasmosy
       Juan Carlos Wasmosy
       Juan Carlos Wasmosy Monti was the President of Paraguay from 1993 until 1998. He was a member of the Colorado Party, and the country's first civilian president in 39 years....
       
       , President of Paraguay (1993–1998)
• Peru
  Peru
  Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
  
   -
  • President - Alberto Fujimori
    Alberto Fujimori
    Alberto Fujimori Fujimori served as President of Peru from 28 July 1990 to 17 November 2000. A controversial figure, Fujimori has been credited with the creation of Fujimorism, uprooting terrorism in Peru and restoring its macroeconomic stability, though his methods have drawn charges of...
    
    , President of Peru (1990–2000)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Oscar De La Puente, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (1992–1993)
    2. Alfonso Bustamante
       Alfonso Bustamante
       Alfonso Bustamante is a Peruvian businessman and politician. He served as Prime Minister of Peru from 1993 to 1994.- Education :He has a bachelors degree in agricultural engineering from a university in Lima and did graduate studies at the University of Michigan.-Sources:*...
       
       , President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (1993–1994)
• Suriname
  Suriname
  Suriname , officially the Republic of Suriname , is a country in northern South America. It borders French Guiana to the east, Guyana to the west, Brazil to the south, and on the north by the Atlantic Ocean. Suriname was a former colony of the British and of the Dutch, and was previously known as...
  
   -
  • President - Ronald Venetiaan
    Ronald Venetiaan
    Ronald Runaldo Venetiaan served as the 6th and 8th President of Suriname. His first term as president ran from 1991 to 1996 after which he lost in the elections to Jules Wijdenbosch...
    
    , President of Suriname
    President of Suriname
    The President of the Republic of Suriname is, in accordance with the Constitution of 1987, the head of state, head of government, and commander-in-chief of Suriname....
    
     (1991–1996)
• Uruguay
  Uruguay
  Uruguay ,officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay,sometimes the Eastern Republic of Uruguay; ) is a country in the southeastern part of South America. It is home to some 3.5 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the capital Montevideo and its metropolitan area...
  
   -
  • President - Luis Alberto Lacalle
    Luis Alberto Lacalle
    Luis Alberto Lacalle de Herrera is a Uruguayan lawyer and politician who served as President of Uruguay from 1990 to 1995.-Background:His mother, María Hortensia de Herrera de Lacalle, was the daughter of the Blanco political leader Luis Alberto de Herrera, after whom Lacalle was named. Luis...
    
    , President of Uruguay (1990–1995)
• Venezuela
  Venezuela
  Venezuela , officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It borders Colombia to the west, Guyana to the east, and Brazil to the south...
  
   -
  • President -
    1. Carlos Andrés Pérez
       Carlos Andrés Pérez
       Carlos Andrés Pérez Rodríguez , also known as CAP and often referred to as El Gocho , was a Venezuelan politician, President of Venezuela from 1974 to 1979 and again from 1989 to 1993. His first presidency was known as the Saudi Venezuela due to its economic and social prosperity thanks to...
       
       , President of Venezuela (1989–1993)
    2. Octavio Lepage
       Octavio Lepage
       Octavio Lepage Barreto, was Acting President of Venezuela from 21 May 1993 to 5 June 1993....
       
       , Interim President of Venezuela (1993)
    3. Ramón José Velásquez
       Ramón José Velásquez
       Ramón José Velásquez Mujica is a Venezuelan political figure. He served as Acting president of Venezuela between 1993 and 1994. He is known as a historian, journalist, lawyer, politician and entertainer of companies for his knowledge of the "national life".Velásquez was born in Táchira,Venezuela...
       
       , Interim President of Venezuela (1993–1994)