A

• Abramovitch-Shapiro tryptamine synthesis
• Acetalisation
  Acetalisation
  Acetalisation is an organic reaction that involves the formation of an acetal or ketal. One way of acetal formation is the nucleophilic addition of an alcohol to a ketone or an aldehyde...
  
  
• Acetoacetic ester condensation
• Achmatowicz reaction
  Achmatowicz reaction
  The Achmatowicz Reaction is an organic synthesis in which a furan is converted to a dihydropyran. In the original publication by Osman Achmatowicz Jr. in 1971 furfuryl alcohol is reacted with bromine in methanol to 2,5-dimethoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran which rearranges to the dihydropyran with dilute...
  
  
• Acylation
  Acylation
  In chemistry, acylation is the process of adding an acyl group to a compound. The compound providing the acyl group is called the acylating agent....
  
  
• Acyloin condensation
  Acyloin condensation
  Acyloin condensation is a reductive coupling of two carboxylic esters using metallic sodium to yield an α-hydroxyketone, also known as an acyloin....
  
  
• Adams catalyst
• Adkins catalyst
  Adkins catalyst
  Copper chromite is a complex inorganic composition Cu2Cr2O5, but often containing barium oxide that is used to catalyse certain reactions in organic synthesis. It was first described in 1908. A variety of composition are recognized including Cr2CuO4·CuO·BaCrO4 and Cr2Cu2O5...
  
  
• Adkins-Peterson reaction
  Adkins-Peterson reaction
  The Adkins-Peterson reaction is the air oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde with metal oxide catalysts such as iron oxide, molybdenum trioxide or combinations thereof.It was developed by Homer Burton Adkins and Wesley R. Peterson.- References :#...
  
  
• Akabori amino acid reaction
  Akabori amino acid reaction
  There are several Akabori Amino Acid Reactions1.1. In the first an α-amino acid is oxidised by heating it with an oxidizing sugar.2. In the second an α-amino acids and esters are reduced by sodium amalgam and ethanolic HCl to give α-amino aldehydes....
  
  
• Alcohol oxidation
  Alcohol oxidation
  Alcohol oxidation is an important organic reaction. Primary alcohols can be oxidized either to aldehydes or to carboxylic acids , while the oxidation of secondary alcohols normally terminates at the ketone stage...
  
  
• Alder ene reaction
• Alder-Stein rules
• Aldol addition
• Aldol condensation
  Aldol condensation
  An aldol condensation is an organic reaction in which an enol or an enolate ion reacts with a carbonyl compound to form a β-hydroxyaldehyde or β-hydroxyketone, followed by a dehydration to give a conjugated enone....
  
  
• Algar-Flynn-Oyamada reaction
  Algar-Flynn-Oyamada reaction
  The Algar–Flynn–Oyamada reaction is a chemical reaction whereby a chalcone undergoes an oxidative cyclization to form a flavonol.-Reaction mechanism:...
  
  
• Alkylimino-de-oxo-bisubstitution
  Alkylimino-de-oxo-bisubstitution
  Alkylimino-de-oxo-bisubstitution in organic chemistry is the organic reaction of carbonyl compounds with amines to imines . The reaction name is based on the IUPAC Nomenclature for Transformations...
  
  
• Alkyne trimerisation
  Alkyne trimerisation
  An alkyne trimerisation reaction is a 2+2+2 cyclization reaction in which three alkyne molecules react to form an aromatic compound. The reaction is 'pseudo' pericyclic since it has not been observed to occur without the assistance of metal catalysis; and the metal catalyst assembles the ring...
  
  
• Alkyne zipper reaction
  Alkyne zipper reaction
  The alkyne zipper reaction is an organic reaction which isomerizes an organic compound containing an internal alkyne into a terminal alkyne. This was first reported by Charles Allen Brown and Ayako Yamashita in 1975...
  
  
• Allan-Robinson reaction
  Allan-Robinson reaction
  The Allan-Robinson reaction is the chemical reaction of o-hydroxyaryl ketones with aromatic anhydrides to form flavones .Note that if aliphatic anhydrides are used, coumarins can also be formed. -Mechanism:...
  
  
• Allylic rearrangement
  Allylic rearrangement
  An allylic rearrangement or allylic shift is an organic reaction in which the double bond in an allyl chemical compound shifts to the next carbon atom. It is encountered in nucleophilic substitution....
  
  
• Amadori rearrangement
  Amadori rearrangement
  The amadori rearrangement is an organic reaction describing the acid or base catalyzed isomerization or rearrangement reaction of the N-glycoside of an aldose or the glycosylamine to the corresponding 1-amino-1-deoxy-ketose...
  
  
• Amine alkylation
  Amine alkylation
  Amine alkylation is a type of organic reaction between an alkyl halide and ammonia or an amine. The reaction is called nucleophilic aliphatic substitution , and the reaction product is a higher substituted amine...
  
  
• Angeli-Rimini reaction
  Angeli-Rimini reaction
  The Angeli-Rimini reaction is an organic reaction between an aldehyde and the sulfonamide N-hydroxybenzenesulfonamide in presence of base forming an hydroxamic acid....
  
  
• Andrussov oxidation
• Appel reaction
  Appel reaction
  The Appel reaction is an organic reaction that converts an alcohol into an alkyl chloride using triphenylphosphine and carbon tetrachloride. The use of carbon tetrabromide or bromine as a halide source will yield alkyl bromides, whereas using methyl iodide or iodine gives alkyl iodides...
  
  
• Arbuzov reaction, Arbusow reaction
• Arens-van Dorp synthesis, Isler modification
• Aromatic nitration
  Nitration
  Nitration is a general chemical process for the introduction of a nitro group into a chemical compound. The dominant application of nitration is for the production of nitrobenzene, the precursor to methylene diphenyl diisocyanate...
  
  
• Arndt-Eistert synthesis
  Arndt-Eistert synthesis
  The Arndt-Eistert synthesis is a series of chemical reactions designed to convert a carboxylic acid to a higher carboxylic acid homologue and is considered a homologation process...
  
  
• Auwers synthesis
  Auwers synthesis
  The Auwers synthesis is a series of organic reactions forming a flavonol from a coumarone. This reaction was first reported by Karl von Auwers in 1908....
  
  
• Azo coupling
  Azo coupling
  An azo coupling is an organic reaction between a diazonium compound and a dialkylaniline , phenol or other aromatic compound which produces an azo compound. In this reaction the diazonium salt is an electrophile and the activated arene is a nucleophile in an electrophilic aromatic substitution...
  
  

B

• Baeyer-Drewson indigo synthesis
  Baeyer-Drewson indigo synthesis
  The Baeyer–Drewson indigo synthesis is an organic reaction in which indigo is prepared from 2-nitrobenzaldehyde and acetone The reaction is classified as a Aldol condensation...
  
  
• Baeyer-Villiger oxidation
  Baeyer-Villiger oxidation
  The Baeyer–Villiger oxidation is an organic reaction in which a ketone is oxidized to an ester by treatment with peroxy acids or hydrogen peroxide. Key features of the Baeyer–Villiger oxidation are its stereospecificity and predictable regiochemistry...
  
  
• Baeyer-Villiger rearrangement
• Bakeland process (Bakelite)
• Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement
  Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement
  The Baker–Venkataraman rearrangement is the chemical reaction of 2-acetoxyacetophenones with base to form 1,3-diketones.This rearrangement reaction proceeds via enolate formation followed by acyl transfer...
  
  , Baker-Venkataraman transformation
• Bally-Scholl synthesis
• Balz-Schiemann reaction
• Bamberger rearrangement
  Bamberger rearrangement
  The Bamberger rearrangement is the chemical reaction of N-phenylhydroxylamines with strong aqueous acid, which will rearrange to give 4-aminophenols...
  
  
• Bamberger triazine synthesis
  Bamberger triazine synthesis
  The Bamberger triazine synthesis in organic chemistry is a classic organic synthesis of a triazine first reported by Eugen Bamberger in 1892 ....
  
  
• Bamford-Stevens reaction
  Bamford-Stevens reaction
  The Bamford–Stevens reaction is a chemical reaction whereby treatment of tosylhydrazones with strong base gives alkenes. It is named for the British chemist William Randall Bamford and the Scottish chemist Thomas Stevens Stevens...
  
  
• Barbier-Wieland degradation
• Bardhan-Senguph phenanthrene synthesis
• Barfoed's test
  Barfoed's test
  Barfoed's Test is a chemical test used for detecting the presence of monosaccharides. It is based on the reduction of copper acetate to copper oxide , which forms a brick-red precipitate....
  
  
• Bartoli indole synthesis
  Bartoli indole synthesis
  The Bartoli indole synthesis is the chemical reaction of ortho-substituted nitroarenes with vinyl grignard reagents to form substituted indoles....
  
  , Bartoli reaction
• Barton reaction
  Barton reaction
  The Barton Reaction involves the photolysis of a nitrite to form a δ-nitroso alcohol. It is named for the British chemist Sir Derek Harold Richard Barton...
  
  
• Barton-Kellogg reaction
  Barton-Kellogg reaction
  The Barton-Kellogg reaction is a coupling reaction between a ketone and a thioketone through a diazo intermediate forming an alkene.This reaction has been pioneered by Hermann Staudinger and therefore the reaction also goes by the name Staudinger type diazo-thioketone coupling.- Reaction mechanism...
  
  
• Barton-McCombie reaction, Barton deoxygenation
• Barton Zard Synthesis
  Barton Zard Synthesis
  The Barton-Zard Synthesis method of pyrrole synthesis is a cyclisation reaction between a nitroalkene and α-isocyanoacetate under base conditions.-Mechanism:It consists in three main steps:...
  
  
• Barton vinyl iodine procedure
  Hydrazone iodination
  Hydrazone iodination is an organic reaction in which a hydrazone is converted into a vinyl iodide by reaction of iodine and a non-nucleophilic base such as DBU. First published by D. H. R...
  
  
• Baudisch reaction
  Baudisch reaction
  The Baudisch Reaction was discovered by Oskar Baudisch in 1939 and further developed by his colleague Cronheim. In the reaction a solution containing aqueous hydroxylamine hydrochloride and hydrogen peroxide reacts with benzene or phenol, with the assistance of copper to give o-nitrosophenols...
  
  
• Bayer test
• Baylis-Hillman reaction
• Bechamp reaction
  Bechamp reaction
  In organic synthesis, the Bechamp reaction is used for producing arsonic acids from activated aromatic rings such as aniline. It was first described by A. J. Bechamp in 1863. The reaction is an electrophilic aromatic substitution, using arsenic acid as a reactant.One example of an important arsonic...
  
  
• Bechamp reduction
  Bechamp Reduction
  The Bechamp reduction is used to reduce aromatic nitro compounds to their corresponding anilines, using iron and hydrochloric acid.This reaction was originally used to produce large amounts of aniline for industry, but catalytic hydrogenation is the preferred method...
  
  
• Beckmann fragmentation
• Beckmann rearrangement
  Beckmann rearrangement
  The Beckmann rearrangement, named after the German chemist Ernst Otto Beckmann , is an acid-catalyzed rearrangement of an oxime to an amide...
  
  
• Bellus-Claisen rearrangement
• Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction
  Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction
  A Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction, or BZ reaction, is one of a class of reactions that serve as a classical example of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, resulting in the establishment of a nonlinear chemical oscillator. The only common element in these oscillating systems is the inclusion of bromine...
  
  
• Benary reaction
  Benary reaction
  The Benary reaction is an organic reaction. In 1931 Erich Bénary discovered that β--vinyl ketones reacted with Grignard reagents in a 1,4-addition to give α,β-unsaturated ketones, α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and α,β-unsaturated esters as well as poly-unsaturated ketones and aldehydes after hydrolysis...
  
  
• Benedict's reagent
  Benedict's reagent
  Benedict's reagent is a chemical reagent named after an American chemist, Stanley Rossiter Benedict....
  
  
• Benkeser reaction
  Benkeser Reaction
  The Benkeser reduction reaction is the catalytic hydrogenation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, especially naphthalene using lithium or calcium metal and any of the following primary amines or low molecular weight alkyl groups as reductants: -CH3, -CH2CH3, -CH2CH2CH3, -CH2CH2NH2.This reaction...
  
  
• Benzidine rearrangement
• Benzilic acid rearrangement
  Benzilic acid rearrangement
  The benzilic acid rearrangement is the rearrangement reaction of benzil with potassium hydroxide to benzilic acid. First performed by Justus Liebig in 1838 this reaction type is displayed by 1,2-diketones in general...
  
  
• Benzoin condensation
  Benzoin condensation
  The benzoin condensation is a reaction between two aromatic aldehydes, particularly benzaldehyde. The reaction is catalyzed by a nucleophile such as the cyanide anion or an N-heterocyclic carbene. The reaction product is an aromatic acyloin with benzoin as the parent compound...
  
  
• Bergman cyclization
  Bergman cyclization
  The Bergman cyclization or Bergman reaction or Bergman cycloaromatization is an organic reaction and more specifically a rearrangement reaction taking place when an enediyne is heated in presence of a suitable hydrogen donor . It is named for the American chemist Robert George Bergman...
  
  
• Bergmann azlactone peptide synthesis
• Bergmann degradation
  Bergmann degradation
  The Bergmann degradation is a series of chemical reactions designed to remove a single amino acid from the carboxylic acid end of a peptide.The acyl azide of a peptide undergoes a Curtius rearrangement in the presence of benzyl alcohol to give a benzyl carbamate...
  
  
• Bergmann-Zervas carbobenzoxy method
• Bernthsen acridine synthesis
  Bernthsen acridine synthesis
  The Bernthsen acridine synthesis is the chemical reaction of a diarylamine heated with a carboxylic acid and zinc chloride to form a 9-substituted acridine....
  
  
• Bestmann's reagent
• Betti reaction
  Betti reaction
  The Betti reaction is a chemical reaction of aldehydes, primary aromatic amines and phenols producing α-aminobenzylphenols. The Betti reaction is a special case of the Mannich reaction.-References:...
  
  
• Biginelli pyrimidine synthesis
• Biginelli reaction
  Biginelli reaction
  The Biginelli reaction is a multiple-component chemical reaction that creates 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-ones 4 from ethyl acetoacetate 1, an aryl aldehyde , and urea 3. It is named for the Italian chemist Pietro Biginelli.This reaction was developed by Pietro Biginelli in 1891...
  
  
• Birch reduction
  Birch reduction
  The Birch Reduction is an organic reaction which is particularly useful in synthetic organic chemistry. The reaction was reported in 1944 by the Australian chemist Arthur Birch working in the Dyson Perrins Laboratory in the University of Oxford, building on earlier work by Wooster and Godfrey in...
  
  
• Bischler-Möhlau indole synthesis
  Bischler-Möhlau indole synthesis
  The Bischler-Möhlau indole synthesis is a chemical reaction that forms a 2-aryl-indole from an α-bromo-acetophenone and excess aniline.In spite of its long history, this classical reaction has received relatively little attention in comparison with other methods for indole synthesis, perhaps owing...
  
  
• Bischler-Napieralski reaction
  Bischler-Napieralski reaction
  The Bischler–Napieralski reaction is an intramolecular electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction that allows for the cyclization of β-arylethylamides or β-arylethylcarbamates. It was first discovered in 1893 by August Bischler and Bernard Napieralski, in affiliation with Basle Chemical Works and...
  
  
• Biuret test
  Biuret test
  The biuret test is a chemical test used for detecting the presence of peptide bonds. In the presence of peptides, a copper ion forms a violet-colored complex in an alkaline solution...
  
  
• Blaise ketone synthesis
  Blaise ketone synthesis
  The Blaise ketone synthesis is the chemical reaction of acid chlorides with organozinc compounds to give ketones. The reaction also works with organocuprates.Reviews have been written...
  
  
• Blaise reaction
  Blaise reaction
  The Blaise reaction is an organic reaction that forms a β-ketoester from the reaction of zinc metal with a α-bromoester and a nitrile. The final intermediate is a metaloimine, which is hydrolyzed to give the desired β-ketoester....
  
  
• Blanc reaction
• Blanc chloromethylation
  Blanc chloromethylation
  The Blanc chloromethylation is the chemical reaction of aromatic rings with formaldehyde and hydrogen chloride catalyzed by zinc chloride to form chloromethyl arenes.-References:# Gustave Louis Blanc Bull. Soc. Chim. France 1923, 33, 313....
  
  
• Bodroux reaction
• Bodroux-Chichibabin aldehyde synthesis
  Bodroux-Chichibabin aldehyde synthesis
  The Bodroux-Chichibabin aldehyde synthesis is a chemical reaction whereby a Grignard reagent is converted to an aldehyde one carbon longer.Reaction of a Grignard reagent with triethyl orthoformate gives an acetal, which can be hydrolyzed to an aldehyde. For example, the synthesis of n-hexanal:...
  
  
• Bogert-Cook synthesis
• Bohn-Schmidt reaction
• Boord olefin synthesis
  Boord olefin synthesis
  The Boord olefin synthesis is an organic reaction forming alkenes from ethers carrying a halogen atom 2 carbons removed from the oxygen atom catalyzed by a metal such as magnesium or zinc. The reaction, discovered by Cecil E...
  
  
• Borodin reaction
• Borsche-Drechsel cyclization
• Bosch-Meiser urea process
• Bouveault aldehyde synthesis
  Bouveault aldehyde synthesis
  The Bouveault aldehyde synthesis is a one-pot chemical reaction that converts a primary alkyl halide to an aldehyde one carbon longer.-Reaction mechanism:The first step of the Bouveault aldehyde synthesis is the formation of the Grignard reagent...
  
  
• Bouveault-Blanc reduction
  Bouveault-Blanc reduction
  The Bouveault-Blanc reduction is a chemical reaction in which an ester is reduced to primary alcohols using absolute ethanol and sodium metal.This reaction is an inexpensive and large-scale alternative to lithium aluminium hydride reduction of esters....
  
  
• Boyland-Sims oxidation
  Boyland-Sims oxidation
  The Boyland-Sims oxidation is the chemical reaction of anilines with alkaline potassium persulfate, which after hydrolysis forms ortho-hydroxyl anilines.The ortho-isomer is formed predominantly...
  
  
• Boyer Reaction
• Bredt's rule
  Bredt's Rule
  Bredt's rule is an empirical observation in organic chemistry that states that a double bond cannot be placed at the bridgehead of a bridged ring system, unless the rings are large enough...
  
  
• Brown hydroboration
• Bucherer carbazole synthesis
  Bucherer carbazole synthesis
  The Bucherer carbazole synthesis is a chemical reaction used to synthesize carbazoles from naphthols and aryl hydrazines using sodium bisulfite. The reaction is named after Hans Theodor Bucherer.-References:...
  
  
• Bucherer reaction
  Bucherer reaction
  The Bucherer reaction in organic chemistry is the reversible conversion of naphthol to naphthylamine in presence of ammonia and sodium bisulfite ....
  
  
• Bucherer–Bergs reaction
• Buchner ring enlargement
• Buchner-Curtius-Schlotterbeck reaction
• Buchwald-Hartwig amination
• Bunnett reaction

C

• Cadiot-Chodkiewicz coupling
  Cadiot-Chodkiewicz coupling
  The Cadiot-Chodkiewicz coupling in organic chemistry is a coupling reaction between a terminal alkyne and a haloalkyne catalyzed by a copper salt such as copper bromide and an amine base. The reaction product is a di-acetylene or di-alkyne....
  
  
• Camps quinoline synthesis
  Camps quinoline synthesis
  The Camps quinoline synthesis is a chemical reaction whereby an o-acylaminoacetophenone is transformed into two different hydroxyquinolines using hydroxide ion....
  
  
• Cannizzaro reaction
  Cannizzaro reaction
  The Cannizzaro reaction, named after its discoverer Stanislao Cannizzaro, is a chemical reaction that involves the base-induced disproportionation of an aldehyde lacking a hydrogen atom in the alpha position...
  
  
• Carbohydrate acetalisation
  Carbohydrate acetalisation
  In carbohydrate chemistry carbohydrate acetalisation is an organic reaction and a very effective means of providing a protecting group. The example below depicts the acetalisation reaction of D-ribose 1. With acetone or 2,2-dimethoxypropane as the acetalisation reagent the reaction is under...
  
  
• Carbonyl reduction
  Carbonyl reduction
  Carbonyl reduction in organic chemistry is the organic reduction of any carbonyl group containing compound by a reducing agent. Typical carbonyl compounds are ketones , aldehydes, carboxylic acids and esters. A carbonyl group can be reduced to the alcohol or the oxygen atom can be removed...
  
  
• Carbonylation
  Carbonylation
  Carbonylation refers to reactions that introduce carbon monoxide into organic and inorganic substrates. Carbon monoxide is abundantly available and conveniently reactive, so it is widely used as a reactant in industrial chemistry.-Organic chemistry:...
  
  
• Carbylamine reaction
  Carbylamine reaction
  The Carbylamine reaction is a chemical test for detection of primary amines. In this reaction, the analyte is heated with alcoholic potassium hydroxide and chloroform...
  
  
• Carroll reaction
• Castro-Stephens coupling
  Castro-Stephens coupling
  The Castro-Stephens Coupling is a cross coupling reaction between a copper acetylide and an aryl halide forming a disubstituted alkyne and a copper halide....
  
  
• Catalytic reforming
  Catalytic reforming
  Catalytic reforming is a chemical process used to convert petroleum refinery naphthas, typically having low octane ratings, into high-octane liquid products called reformates which are components of high-octane gasoline...
  
  
• CBS reduction
  CBS reduction
  The Corey-Itsuno Reduction, also known as the Corey-Bakshi-Shibata reduction, is a chemical reaction in which an achiral ketone is enantioselectively reduced to produce the corresponding chiral, non-racemic alcohol...
  
  
• Chan-Lam coupling
• Chapman rearrangement
• Cheletropic reaction
  Cheletropic reaction
  thumb|300px|right|Pericyclic ReactionsCheletropic reactions are a type of pericyclic reaction. A pericyclic reaction is one that involves a transition state with a cyclic array of atoms and an associated cyclic array of interacting orbitals. A reorganization of σ and π bonds occurs in this cyclic...
  
  
• Chichibabin pyridine synthesis
  Chichibabin pyridine synthesis
  The Chichibabin pyridine synthesis -chē-bā-bēn) is a method for synthesizing pyridine rings. In its general form, the reaction can can be described as a condensation reaction of aldehydes, ketones, α,β-Unsaturated carbonyl compounds, or any combination of the above, in ammonia or ammonia...
  
  
• Chichibabin reaction
  Chichibabin reaction
  The Chichibabin reaction -chē-bā-bēn) is a method for producing 2-aminopyridine derivatives by the reaction of pyridine with sodium amide. It was reported by Aleksei Chichibabin in 1914. The following is the overall form of the general reaction:...
  
  
• Chiral pool synthesis
  Chiral pool synthesis
  Chiral pool synthesis is a strategy that aims to improve the efficiency of chiral synthesis. It starts the organic synthesis of a complex enantiopure chemical compound from a stock of readily available enantiopure substances. Common chiral starting materials include monosaccharides and amino acids...
  
  
• Chugaev elimination
  Chugaev elimination
  The Chugaev elimination is a chemical reaction that involves the elimination of water from alcohols to produce alkenes. The intermediate is a xanthate. It is named for its discoverer, the Russian chemist Lev Aleksandrovich Chugaev....
  
  
• Ciamician-Dennstedt rearrangement
• Claisen condensation
  Claisen condensation
  The Claisen condensation is a carbon–carbon bond forming reaction that occurs between two esters or one ester and another carbonyl compound in the presence of a strong base, resulting in a β-keto ester or a β-diketone...
  
  
• Claisen rearrangement
  Claisen rearrangement
  The Claisen rearrangement is a powerful carbon-carbon bond-forming chemical reaction discovered by Rainer Ludwig Claisen...
  
  
• Claisen-Schmidt condensation
• Clemmensen reduction
  Clemmensen reduction
  Clemmensen reduction is a chemical reaction described as a reduction of ketones to alkanes using zinc amalgam and hydrochloric acid. This reaction is named after Erik Christian Clemmensen, a Danish chemist....
  
  
• Collins-Reagent
• Combes quinoline synthesis
  Combes quinoline synthesis
  The Combes quinoline synthesis is a chemical reaction involving the condensation of unsubstituted anilines with β-diketones to form substituted quinolines after an acid-catalyzed ring closure of an intermediate Schiff base .-See also:*Conrad-Limpach reaction*Doebner reaction*Doebner-Miller...
  
  
• Conia reaction
• Conrad-Limpach synthesis
  Conrad-Limpach synthesis
  The Conrad-Limpach synthesis is the chemical reaction of anilines with β-ketoesters to form 4-hydroxyquinolines via a Schiff base .Several reviews have been published.-References:...
  
  
• Corey-Gilman-Ganem oxidation
• Cook-Heilbron thiazole synthesis
  Cook-Heilbron thiazole synthesis
  The Cook-Heilbron thiazole synthesis is the chemical reaction of α-aminonitriles with carbon disulfide to form 5-amino-2-mercapto-thiazoles....
  
  
• Cope elimination
• Cope rearrangement
  Cope rearrangement
  The Cope rearrangement is an extensively studied organic reaction involving the [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of 1,5-dienes. It was developed by Arthur C. Cope...
  
  
• Corey reagent
• Corey-Bakshi-Shibata reduction
• Corey-Fuchs reaction
  Corey-Fuchs reaction
  The Corey–Fuchs reaction, also known as the Ramirez–Corey–Fuchs reaction, is a series of chemical reactions designed to transform an aldehyde into an alkyne. The formation of the 1,1-dibromoolefins via phosphine-dibromomethylenes was originally discovered by Desai, McKelvie and Ramirez...
  
  
• Corey-Kim oxidation
  Corey-Kim oxidation
  The Corey–Kim oxidation is an oxidation reaction used to synthesise aldehydes and ketones from primary and secondary alcohols. It is named for American chemist and Nobelist Elias James Corey and Korean-American chemist Choung Un Kim....
  
  
• Corey-Posner, Whitesides-House reaction
• Corey-Winter olefin synthesis
  Corey-Winter olefin synthesis
  The Corey-Winter olefin synthesis is a series of chemical reactions for converting 1,2-diols into olefins. It is named for the American chemist and Nobelist Elias James Corey and the American-Estonian chemist Roland Arthur Edwin Winter....
  
  
• Corey-Winter reaction
• Coupling reaction
  Coupling reaction
  A coupling reaction in organic chemistry is a catch-all term for a variety of reactions where two hydrocarbon fragments are coupled with the aid of a metal catalyst...
  
  
• Craig method
• Cram's rule of asymmetric induction
• Creighton process
  Creighton process
  The Creighton process involves the hydrogenation of a 6 carbon chain alcohol. The reactant is 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal The Creighton process involves the hydrogenation of a 6 carbon chain alcohol. The reactant is 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal The Creighton process involves the hydrogenation...
  
  
• Criegee reaction
• Criegee rearrangement
  Criegee rearrangement
  The Criegee rearrangement is a rearrangement reaction named after Rudolf Criegee. In this organic reaction a tertiary alcohol is cleaved in an organic oxidation by a peroxyacid to a ketone...
  
  
• Cross metathesis
• Crum Brown-Gibson rule
• Curtius degradation
• Curtius rearrangement
  Curtius rearrangement
  The Curtius rearrangement , as first defined by Theodor Curtius, is a chemical reaction that involves the rearrangement of an acyl azide to an isocyanate. Several reviews have been published....
  
  , Curtius reaction
• Cyanohydrin reaction
  Cyanohydrin reaction
  A Cyanohydrin reaction is an organic chemical reaction by an aldehyde or ketone with a cyanide anion or a nitrile to form a cyanohydrin. This nucleophilic addition is a reversible reaction but with aliphatic carbonyl compounds equilibrium is in favor of the reaction products. The cyanide source...
  
  

D

• Dakin reaction
  Dakin reaction
  The Dakin oxidation is an organic redox reaction in which an ortho- or para-hydroxylated phenyl aldehyde or ketone reacts with hydrogen peroxide in base to form a benzenediol and a carboxylate[3]...
  
  
• Dakin-West reaction
  Dakin-West reaction
  The Dakin–West reaction is a chemical reaction that transforms an amino-acid into a keto-amide using an acid anhydride and a base, typically pyridine. It is named for Henry Drysdale Dakin and Randolph West . Of special note, the keto-amide product is always racemic.With pyridine as a base and...
  
  
• Danheiser Annulation
  Danheiser Annulation
  The Danheiser annulation or Danheiser TMS-cyclopentene annulation is an organic reaction of an α,β-unsaturated ketone and a trialkylsilylallene in the presence of a Lewis Acid to give a trialkylsilylcyclopentene in a regiocontrolled annulation....
  
  
• Darapsky degradation
• Darzens condensation, Darzens-Claisen reaction, Glycidic ester condensation
• Darzens synthesis of unsaturated ketones
• Darzens tetralin synthesis
• Dehydration reaction
  Dehydration reaction
  In chemistry and the biological sciences, a dehydration reaction is usually defined as a chemical reaction that involves the loss of water from the reacting molecule. Dehydration reactions are a subset of elimination reactions...
  
  
• Dehydrogenation
  Dehydrogenation
  Dehydrogenation is a chemical reaction that involves the elimination of hydrogen . It is the reverse process of hydrogenation. Dehydrogenation reactions may be either large scale industrial processes or smaller scale laboratory procedures....
  
  
• Delepine reaction
  Delepine reaction
  The Delépine reaction is the organic synthesis of primary amines by reaction of a benzyl or alkyl halides with hexamethylenetetramine followed by acid hydrolysis of the quaternary ammonium salt...
  
  
• Demjanov rearrangement
  Demjanov rearrangement
  The Demjanov rearrangement is the chemical reaction of primary amines with nitrous acid to give rearranged alcohols. It involves substitution by a hydroxyl group with a possible ring expansion. It is named after the Russian chemist Nikolai Jakovlevich Demjanov...
  
  
• Demjanow desamination
• Dess-Martin oxidation
• Diazoalkane 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition
  Diazoalkane 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition
  The Diazoalkane 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between a 1,3-dipole diazo compound and a dipolarophile. When the dipolarphile is an alkene, the reaction product is a pyrazoline....
  
  
• Diazotisation
• DIBAL-H selective reduction
• Dieckmann condensation
  Dieckmann condensation
  The Dieckmann condensation is the intramolecular chemical reaction of diesters with base to give β-ketoesters. It is named after the German chemist Walter Dieckmann . The equivalent intermolecular reaction is the Claisen condensation....
  
  
• Dieckmann reaction
• Diels-Alder reaction
  Diels-Alder reaction
  The Diels–Alder reaction is an organic chemical reaction between a conjugated diene and a substituted alkene, commonly termed the dienophile, to form a substituted cyclohexene system. The reaction can proceed even if some of the atoms in the newly formed ring are not carbon...
  
  
• Diels Reese reaction
  Diels Reese reaction
  The Diels Reese Reaction was first reported in 1934 by O. Diels and J. Reese. An extension to the reaction was made by William Hearon. The reaction is believe to proceed through an unknown intermediate or adduct as proposed by Hearon. By changing the solvent the resulting product will change. ...
  
  
• Dienol benzene rearrangement
• Dienone phenol rearrangement
• Dimroth rearrangement
  Dimroth rearrangement
  The Dimroth rearrangement is a rearrangement reaction taking place with certain 1,2,3-triazoles where endocyclic and exocyclic nitrogen atoms switch place . This organic reaction was discovered in 1909 by Otto Dimroth ....
  
  
• Di-pi-methane rearrangement
  Di-pi-methane rearrangement
  The di-pi-methane rearrangement is a photochemical reaction of a molecular entity comprising two π-systems, separated by a saturated carbon atom , to form an ene- substituted cyclopropane...
  
  
• Directed ortho metalation
  Directed ortho metalation
  Directed ortho metalation is an adaptation of electrophilic aromatic substitution in which electrophiles attach themselves exclusively to the ortho- position of a direct metalation group or DMG through the intermediary of an aryllithium compound . The DMG interacts with lithium through a hetero atom...
  
  
• Doebner modification
• Doebner reaction
  Doebner reaction
  The Doebner reaction is the chemical reaction of an aniline with an aldehyde and pyruvic acid to form quinoline-4-carboxylic acids....
  
  
• Doebner-Miller reaction
  Doebner-Miller reaction
  The Doebner-Miller reaction is the organic reaction of an aniline with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds to form quinolines.This reaction is also known as the Skraup-Doebner-Von Miller quinoline synthesis, and is named after the Czech chemist Zdenko Hans Skraup , and the Germans Oscar Döbner and...
  
  , Beyer method for quinolines
• Doering-LaFlamme carbon chain extension
• Dötz reaction
  Dötz reaction
  The Wulff-Dötz reaction is the chemical reaction of an aromatic or vinylic alkoxy pentacarbonyl chromium carbene complex with an alkyne and carbon monoxide to give a Cr3-coordinated substituted phenol. Several reviews have been published...
  
  
• Dowd-Beckwith ring expansion reaction
  Dowd-Beckwith ring expansion reaction
  The Dowd–Beckwith ring expansion reaction is an organic reaction in which a cyclic β-keto ester is expanded by up to 4 carbons in a free radical ring expansion reaction through an α-alkylhalo substituent . The radical initiator system is based on AIBN and tributyltin hydride. The cyclic β-keto...
  
  
• Duff reaction
  Duff reaction
  The Duff reaction or hexamine aromatic formylation is a formylation reaction used in organic chemistry for the synthesis of benzaldehydes with hexamine as the formyl carbon source...
  
  
• Dutt-Wormall reaction
• Dyotropic reaction
  Dyotropic reaction
  A dyotropic Reaction in organic chemistry is a type of organic reaction and more specifically a pericyclic valence isomerization in which two sigma bonds simultaneously migrate intramolecularly...
  
  

E

• E1cB elimination reaction
  E1cB elimination reaction
  The E1cB elimination reaction is a special type of elimination reaction in organic chemistry. This reaction mechanism explains the formation of alkenes from alkyl halides through a carbanion intermediate given specified reaction conditions and specified substrates. The abbreviation stands for ...
  
  
• Eder reaction
• Edman degradation
  Edman degradation
  Edman degradation, developed by Pehr Edman, is a method of sequencing amino acids in a peptide. In this method, the amino-terminal residue is labeled and cleaved from the peptide without disrupting the peptide bonds between other amino acid residues....
  
  
• Eglinton reaction
• Ehrlich-Sachs reaction
• Einhorn variant
• Einhorn-Brunner reaction
  Einhorn-Brunner reaction
  The Einhorn-Brunner reaction is the chemical reaction of imides with alkyl hydrazines to form a mixture of isomeric 1,2,4-triazoles.-References:...
  
  
• Elbs persulfate oxidation
  Elbs persulfate oxidation
  The Elbs persulfate oxidation is the organic reaction of phenols with alkaline potassium persulfate to form para-diphenols.Several reviews have been published.-Reaction mechanism:...
  
  
• Elbs reaction
  Elbs reaction
  The Elbs reaction is an organic reaction describing the pyrolysis of an ortho methyl substituted benzophenone to condensed polyaromatic. The reaction is named after its inventor, the German chemist Karl Elbs also responsible for the Elbs oxidation...
  
  
• Electrochemical fluorination
  Electrochemical fluorination
  Electrochemical fluorination , or electrofluorination, is a foundational organofluorine chemistry method for the preparation of fluorocarbon-based organofluorine compounds. The general approach represents an application of electrosynthesis...
  
  
• Electrocyclic reaction
  Electrocyclic reaction
  In organic chemistry, an electrocyclic reaction is a type of pericyclic rearrangement reaction where the net result is one pi bond being converted into one sigma bond or vice-versa...
  
  
• Electrophilic halogenation
  Electrophilic halogenation
  In organic chemistry, an electrophilic aromatic halogenation is a type of electrophilic aromatic substitution. This organic reaction is typical of aromatic compounds and a very useful method for adding substituents to an aromatic system....
  
  
• Electrophilic amination
  Electrophilic amination
  Electrophilic amination is a chemical process involving the formation of a carbon–nitrogen bond through the reaction of a nucleophilic carbanion with an electrophilic source of nitrogen.-Introduction:...
  
  
• Elimination reaction
  Elimination reaction
  An elimination reaction is a type of organic reaction in which two substituents are removed from a molecule in either a one or two-step mechanism...
  
  
• Emde degradation
  Emde degradation
  The Emde degradation is a method for the reduction of a quaternary ammonium cation to a tertiary amine with sodium amalgam...
  
  
• Emmert reaction
• Ene reaction
  Ene reaction
  The Ene reaction is a chemical reaction between an alkene with an allylic hydrogen and a compound containing a multiple bond , in order to form a new σ-bond with migration of the ene double bond and 1,5 hydrogen shift. The product is a substituted alkene with the double bond shifted to the...
  
  
• Enyne metathesis
  Enyne metathesis
  An Enyne metathesis is an organic reaction taking place between an alkyne and an alkene with a metal carbene catalyst forming a butadiene. This reaction is a variation of olefin metathesis.The general scheme is given by scheme 1:...
  
  
• Epoxidation
• Erlenmeyer synthesis, Azlactone synthesis
• Erlenmeyer-Plöchl azlactone and amino acid synthesis
  Erlenmeyer-Plöchl azlactone and amino acid synthesis
  The Erlenmeyer-Plochl azlactone and amino acid synthesis, named after Friedrich Gustav Carl Emil Erlenmeyer who partly discovered the reaction, is a series of chemical reactions which transform glycine to various other amino acids via an oxazolone and an azlactone.Hippuric acid self-condenses in...
  
  
• Eschenmoser fragmentation
  Eschenmoser fragmentation
  The Eschenmoser fragmentation, first published in 1967, is the chemical reaction of α,β-epoxyketones with aryl sulfonylhydrazines to give alkynes and carbonyl compounds...
  
  
• Eschweiler-Clarke reaction
  Eschweiler-Clarke reaction
  The Eschweiler–Clarke reaction is a chemical reaction whereby a primary amine is methylated using excess formic acid and formaldehyde. Reductive amination reactions such as this one will not produce quaternary ammonium salts, but instead will stop at the tertiary amine stage...
  
  
• Ester pyrolysis
  Ester pyrolysis
  Ester pyrolysis in organic chemistry is a vacuum pyrolysis reaction converting esters containing a β-hydrogen atom into the corresponding carboxylic acid and the alkene...
  
  
• Ether cleavage
  Ether
  Ethers are a class of organic compounds that contain an ether group — an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl or aryl groups — of general formula R–O–R'. A typical example is the solvent and anesthetic diethyl ether, commonly referred to simply as "ether"...
  
  
• Étard reaction
  Etard Reaction
  The Étard reaction is a chemical reaction that involves the direct oxidation of an aromatic or heterocyclic bound methyl group to an aldehyde using chromyl chloride. It is named for the French chemist Alexandre Léon Étard...
  
  
• Evans aldol

F

• Favorskii reaction
  Favorskii reaction
  The Favorskii reaction , named for the Russian chemist Alexei Yevgrafovich Favorskii, is a special case of nucleophilic attack on a carbonyl group involving a terminal alkyne with acidic protons....
  
  
• Favorskii rearrangement
  Favorskii rearrangement
  The Favorskii rearrangement , named for the Russian chemist Alexei Yevgrafovich Favorskii, is most principally a rearrangement of cyclopropanones and α-halo ketones which leads to carboxylic acid derivatives. In the case of cyclic α-halo ketones, the Favorski rearrangement constitutes a ring...
  
  
• Favorskii-Babayan synthesis
• Fehling test
  Fehling's solution
  Fehling's solution is a chemical test used to differentiate between water-soluble aldehyde and ketone functional groups, and as a test for monosaccharides. The test was developed by German chemist Hermann von Fehling in 1849.-Laboratory preparation:...
  
  
• Feist-Benary synthesis
  Feist-Benary synthesis
  The Feist-Benary synthesis is an organic reaction between α-halogen ketones and β-dicarbonyl compounds to substituted furan compounds. This condensation reaction is catalyzed by amines such as ammonia and pyridine. The first step in the ring synthesis is related to the Knoevenagel condensation...
  
  
• Fenton reaction
• Ferrario reaction
• Ferrier carbocyclization
  Ferrier carbocyclization
  The Ferrier carbocyclization is an organic reaction that was first reported by the carbohydrate chemist Robert J. Ferrier in 1979. It is a metal-mediated rearrangement of enol ether pyrans to cyclohexanones...
  
  
• Ferrier rearrangement
  Ferrier rearrangement
  The Ferrier rearrangement is an organic reaction that involves a nucleophilic substitution reaction combined with an allylic shift in a glycal . It was discovered by the carbohydrate chemist Robert J...
  
  
• Finkelstein reaction
  Finkelstein reaction
  The Finkelstein reaction, named for the German chemist Hans Finkelstein , is an SN2 reaction that involves the exchange of one halogen atom for another...
  
  
• Fischer indole synthesis
  Fischer indole synthesis
  The Fischer indole synthesis isa chemical reaction that produces the aromatic heterocycle indole from a phenylhydrazine and an aldehyde or ketone under acidic conditions. The reaction was discovered in 1883 by Hermann Emil Fischer. Today antimigraine drugs of the triptan class are often...
  
  
• Fischer oxazole synthesis
  Fischer oxazole synthesis
  The Fischer oxazole synthesis is a chemical synthesis of the aromatic heterocycle oxazole from cyanohydrins and aldehydes in the presence of anhydrous hydrochloric acid. This method was discovered by Hermann Emil Fischer in 1896.-References:...
  
  
• Fischer peptide synthesis
• Fischer phenylhydrazine and oxazone reaction
• Fischer glycosidation
  Fischer glycosidation
  Fischer glycosidation refers to the formation of a glycoside by the reaction of an aldose or ketose with an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst...
  
  
• Fischer-Hepp rearrangement
  Fischer-Hepp rearrangement
  The Fischer-Hepp rearrangement is a rearrangement reaction in which an aromatic N-nitroso or nitrosamine converts to a carbon nitroso compound:This organic reaction was first described by the German chemist Otto Philipp Fischer and...
  
  
• Fischer-Speier esterification
• Fischer Tropsch synthesis
• Fleming-Tamao oxidation
  Fleming-Tamao oxidation
  The Fleming–Tamao oxidation is the organic oxidation of alkyl silanes into alcohols with peroxides. The research groups of Fleming and Tamao developed procedures for this reaction in parallel to one another. It is especially useful since it allows alcohols to be masked as much more resilient...
  
  
• Flood reaction
• Folin-Ciocalteu reagent
  Folin-Ciocalteu reagent
  The Folin–Ciocalteu reagent or Folin's phenol reagent or Folin–Denis reagent, also called the Gallic Acid Equivalence method , is a mixture of phosphomolybdate and phosphotungstate used for the colorimetric assay of phenolic and polyphenolic antioxidants...
  
  
• Formox process
  Formox process
  The Formox process produces formaldehyde. Formox is a worldwide registered trademark owned by Perstorp Specialty Chemicals AB, Sweden.Industrially, formaldehyde is produced by catalytic oxidation of methanol. The most commonly used catalysts are silver metal or a mixture of an iron oxide with...
  
  
• Forster reaction
• Forster-Decker method
  Forster-Decker method
  The Forster-Decker method is a series of chemical reactions that transform a primary amine ultimately to a secondary amine . The first step is the formation of a Schiff base , followed by alkylation, and hydrolysis.-References:...
  
  
• Fowler Process
• Franchimont reaction
• Frankland synthesis
• Frankland-Duppa reaction
• Free radical halogenation
  Free radical halogenation
  In organic chemistry, free-radical halogenation is a type of halogenation. This chemical reaction is typical of alkanes and alkyl-substituted aromatics under application of heat or UV light. The reaction is used for the industrial synthesis of chloroform , dichloromethane , and hexachlorobutadiene...
  
  
• Freund reaction
• Friedel-Crafts Acylation
  Friedel-Crafts reaction
  The Friedel–Crafts reactions are a set of reactions developed by Charles Friedel and James Crafts in 1877. There are two main types of Friedel–Crafts reactions: alkylation reactions and acylation reactions. This reaction type is a form of electrophilic aromatic substitution...
  
  
• Friedel-Crafts Alkylation
  Friedel-Crafts reaction
  The Friedel–Crafts reactions are a set of reactions developed by Charles Friedel and James Crafts in 1877. There are two main types of Friedel–Crafts reactions: alkylation reactions and acylation reactions. This reaction type is a form of electrophilic aromatic substitution...
  
  
• Friedländer synthesis
  Friedländer synthesis
  The Friedländer synthesis is the chemical reaction of 2-aminobenzaldehydes with ketones to form quinoline derivatives. It is named after German chemist Paul Friedländer ....
  
  
• Fries rearrangement
  Fries rearrangement
  The Fries rearrangement, named for the German chemist Karl Theophil Fries, is a rearrangement reaction of a phenyl ester to a hydroxy aryl ketone by catalysis of Lewis acids.It involves migration of an acyl group of phenyl ester to benzene ring.- Mechanism:...
  
  
• Fritsch-Buttenberg-Wiechell rearrangement
  Fritsch-Buttenberg-Wiechell rearrangement
  The Fritsch–Buttenberg–Wiechell rearrangement, named for Paul Ernst Moritz Fritsch, Wilhelm Paul Buttenberg, and Heinrich G. Wiechell, is a chemical reaction whereby a 1,1-diaryl-2-bromo-alkene rearranges to a 1,2-diaryl-alkyne by reaction with a strong base such as an alkoxide.This rearrangement...
  
  
• Fujimoto-Belleau reaction
  Fujimoto-Belleau reaction
  The Fujimoto-Belleau reaction is a chemical reaction that forms cyclic α-substituted α,β-unsaturated ketones from enol lactones. The reaction is named after the two chemists George I. Fujimoto and Bernard Belleau....
  
  
• Fukuyama coupling
  Fukuyama coupling
  The Fukuyama coupling is a coupling reaction taking place between a thioester and an organozinc halide in the presence of a palladium catalyst. The reaction product is a ketone. This reaction was discovered by Tohru Fukuyama et al. in 1998...
  
  
• Fukuyama indole synthesis
  Fukuyama indole synthesis
  The Fukuyama indole synthesis is the chemical reaction of alkenylthioanilides to give 2,3-disubstituted indoles. Most commonly tributyltin hydride is utilized as the reducing agent, with azobisisobutyronitrile as a radical initiator....
  
  
• Fukuyama reduction
  Fukuyama reduction
  The Fukuyama reduction is an organic reaction and an organic reduction in which a thioester is reduced to an aldehyde by a silyl hydride in presence of a catalytic amount of palladium. This reaction was invented in 1990 by Tohru Fukuyama...
  
  

G

• Gabriel ethylenimine method
• Gabriel synthesis
  Gabriel synthesis
  The Gabriel synthesis is named for the German chemist Siegmund Gabriel. Traditionally, it is a chemical reaction that transforms primary alkyl halides into primary amines using potassium phthalimide....
  
  
• Gabriel-Colman rearrangement
  Gabriel-Colman rearrangement
  The Gabriel-Colman rearrangement is the chemical reaction of phthalimidoacetic esters with strong base to form substituted isoquinolines ....
  
  , Gabriel isoquinoline synthesis
• Gallagher-Hollander degradation
  Gallagher-Hollander degradation
  In the Gallagher-Hollander Degradation pyruvic acid is removed from a linear aliphatic carboxylic acid yielding a new acid with 2 carbon atoms less...
  
  
• Gassman indole synthesis
  Gassman indole synthesis
  The Gassman indole synthesis is a series of chemical reactions used to synthesize substituted indoles from aniline.This is a one-pot chemical reaction, and none of the intermediates are isolated. R1 can be hydrogen or alkyl, while R2 works best with aryl, but can also be alkyl...
  
  
• Gastaldi synthesis
• Gattermann aldehyde synthesis
• Gattermann Koch reaction
• Gattermann reaction
  Gattermann reaction
  The Gattermann rection, named for the German chemist Ludwig Gattermann, in organic chemistry refers to a reaction of hydrocyanic acid with an aromatic compound, in this case benzene, under catalysis with Friedel-Crafts catalyst .Catalyst used is Copper Powder in HX in the case of reaction of...
  
  
• Geminal halide hydrolysis
  Geminal halide hydrolysis
  Geminal halide hydrolysis is an organic reaction. The reactants are a geminal dihalide and water or a hydroxide. The reaction product is a ketone or an aldehyde. The first part of the reaction mechanism consists of an ordinary nucleophilic aliphatic substitution to produce a gem-halohydrin...
  
  
• Gewald reaction
  Gewald reaction
  The Gewald reaction is an organic reaction involving the condensation of a ketone with a α-cyanoester in the presence of elemental sulfur and base to give a poly-substituted 2-amino-thiophene. -Reaction mechanism:...
  
  
• Gibbs phthalic anhydride process
• Gilman reagent
  Gilman reagent
  A Gilman reagent is a lithium and copper reagent compound, R2CuLi, where R is an organic radical. These are useful because they react with organic chlorides, bromides, and iodides to replace the halide group with an R group. This is extremely useful in creating larger molecules from smaller...
  
  
• Glaser coupling
• Glycol cleavage
  Glycol cleavage
  Glycol cleavage is a specific type of organic chemistry oxidation. The carbon–carbon bond in a Glycol cleavage is a specific type of organic chemistry oxidation. The carbon–carbon bond in a Glycol cleavage is a specific type of organic chemistry oxidation. The carbon–carbon bond in a (vicinal diol...
  
  
• Gomberg-Bachmann reaction
  Gomberg-Bachmann reaction
  The Gomberg–Bachmann reaction, named for the Ukrainian-American chemist Moses Gomberg and the American chemist Werner Emmanuel Bachmann, is an aryl-aryl coupling reaction via a diazonium salt....
  
  
• Gomberg-Bachmann-Hey reaction
• Gomberg-Free radical reaction
• Gould-Jacobs reaction
  Gould-Jacobs reaction
  The Gould-Jacobs reaction is an organic synthesis for the preparation of quinolines. In this reaction aniline or an aniline derivative first reacts with malonic acid derivative ethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate with substitution of the ethoxy group by nitrogen. A benzannulation takes place by...
  
  
• Graebe-Ullmann synthesis
• Grignard degradation
• Grignard reaction
  Grignard reaction
  The Grignard reaction is an organometallic chemical reaction in which alkyl- or aryl-magnesium halides add to a carbonyl group in an aldehyde or ketone. This reaction is an important tool for the formation of carbon–carbon bonds...
  
  
• Grob fragmentation
  Grob fragmentation
  A Grob fragmentation, named for the British chemist Cyril A. Grob, is an elimination reaction taking place when an electrofuge and nucleofuge are situated in positions 1 and 3 on an aliphatic chain...
  
  
• Groove synthesis
• Grubbs' catalyst
  Grubbs' catalyst
  Grubbs' Catalyst is a transition metal carbene complex named after Robert H. Grubbs, the chemist who first synthesized it. There are two generations of the catalyst, as shown on the right. In contrast to other olefin metathesis catalysts, Grubbs' Catalysts tolerate other functional groups in the...
  
   in Olefin metathesis
  Olefin metathesis
  Olefin metathesis or transalkylidenation is an organic reaction that entails redistribution of alkylene fragments by the scission of carbon - carbon double bonds in olefins . Its advantages include the creation of fewer sideproducts and hazardous wastes. Yves Chauvin, Robert H. Grubbs, and Richard R...
  
  
• Grundmann aldehyde synthesis
  Grundmann aldehyde synthesis
  The Grundmann aldehyde synthesis is a chemical reaction that produces an aldehyde from an acyl halide.Because of the Rosenmund reduction and DIBAL-H accomplish similar transformations, this reaction sequence is not practiced much currently....
  
  
• Gryszkiewicz-Trochimowski and McCombie method
• Guareschi-Thorpe condensation
• Guerbet reaction
  Guerbet reaction
  The Guerbet reaction, named after Marcel Guerbet , is an organic reaction converting a primary aliphatic alcohol into its β-alkylated dimer alcohol with loss of one equivalent of water. This reaction requires a catalyst and elevated temperatures....
  
  
• Gutknecht pyrazine synthesis

H

• Haller-Bauer reaction
• Haloform reaction
  Haloform reaction
  The haloform reaction is a chemical reaction where a haloform is produced by the exhaustive halogenation of a methyl ketone in the presence of a base. R may be , alkyl or aryl...
  
  
• Halogen addition reaction
  Halogen addition reaction
  A halogen addition reaction is a simple organic reaction where a halogen molecule is added to the carbon–carbon double bond of an alkene functional group.The general chemical formula of the halogen addition reaction is:...
  
  
• Halohydrin formation reaction
  Halohydrin formation reaction
  The halohydrin formation reaction is a chemical reaction in which a halogen is added to an alkene in aqueous solution to form a halohydrin. The reaction is a form of electrophilic addition; it is similar to the halogen addition reaction....
  
  
• Hammett equation
  Hammett equation
  The Hammett equation in organic chemistry describes a linear free-energy relationship relating reaction rates and equilibrium constants for many reactions involving benzoic acid derivatives with meta- and para-substituents to each other with just two parameters: a substituent constant and a...
  
  
• Hammick reaction
  Hammick reaction
  The Hammick reaction, named after Dalziel Hammick, is a chemical reaction described as a thermal decarboxylation of α-picolinic acids in the presence of carbonyl compounds to form 2-pyridyl-carbinols....
  
  
• Hammond-Principle or Hammond postulate
• Hantzsch pyrrole synthesis
  Hantzsch pyrrole synthesis
  The Hantzsch pyrrole synthesis, named for Arthur Rudolf Hantzsch, is the chemical reaction of β-ketoesters with ammonia and α-haloketones to give substituted pyrroles ....
  
  
• Hantzsch dihydropyridine synthesis, Hantzsch pyridine synthesis
  Hantzsch pyridine synthesis
  The Hantzsch pyridine synthesis or Hantzsch dihydropyridine synthesis is a multi-component organic reaction between an aldehyde such as formaldehyde, 2 equivalents of a β-keto ester such as ethyl acetoacetate and a nitrogen donor such as ammonium acetate or ammonia. The initial reaction product is...
  
  
• Hantzsch Pyridine synthesis
  Hantzsch pyridine synthesis
  The Hantzsch pyridine synthesis or Hantzsch dihydropyridine synthesis is a multi-component organic reaction between an aldehyde such as formaldehyde, 2 equivalents of a β-keto ester such as ethyl acetoacetate and a nitrogen donor such as ammonium acetate or ammonia. The initial reaction product is...
  
  , Gattermann-Skita synthesis, Guareschi-Thorpe condensation, Knoevenagel-Fries modification
• Hantzsch-Collidin-synthesis
• Harber-Weiss reaction
  Harber-Weiss reaction
  The Haber-Weiss reaction generates •OH from H2O2 and superoxide . This reaction can occur in cells and is therefore a possible source for oxidative stress. The reaction is very slow, but is catalyzed by iron...
  
  
• Harries ozonide reaction
• Haworth methylation
• Haworth Phenanthrene synthesis
• Haworth-reaction
• Hay coupling
• Hayashi rearrangement
  Hayashi rearrangement
  The Hayashi rearrangement is the chemical reaction of ortho-benzoylbenzoic acids catalyzed by sulfuric acid or phosphorus pentoxide.This reaction proceeds through electrophilic acylium ion attack with a spiro intermediate....
  
  
• Heck reaction
  Heck reaction
  The Heck reaction is the chemical reaction of an unsaturated halide with an alkene and a base and palladium catalyst to form a substituted alkene. Together with the other palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, this reaction is of great importance, as it allows one to do substitution...
  
  
• Helferich method
• Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky halogenation
  Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky halogenation
  The Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky halogenation reaction halogenates carboxylic acids at the α carbon. The reaction is named after three chemists, the German chemists Carl Magnus von Hell and Jacob Volhard and the Russian chemist Nikolay Zelinsky .- Scheme :Unlike other halogenation reactions, this...
  
  
• Hemetsberger indole synthesis
  Hemetsberger indole synthesis
  The Hemetsberger indole synthesis is a chemical reaction that thermally decomposes a 3-aryl-2-azido-propenoic ester into an indole-2-carboxylic ester.Yields are typically above 70%...
  
  
• Hemetsberger-Knittel synthesis
• Henkel reaction, Raecke process, Henkel process
• Henry reaction, Kamlet reaction
• Herz reaction
  Herz reaction
  The Herz-reaction, named after the chemist Richard Herz, is the chemical conversion of an aniline-derivative to a so-called Herz-salt with disulfur dichloride, followed by hydrolysis of this Herz-salt to the corresponding sodium thiolate :-Benzothiazoles:The sodium thiolate 3 can be converted to...
  
  , Herz compounds
• Herzig-Meyer alkimide group determination
• Heumann indigo synthesis
• Hydration reaction
  Hydration reaction
  In organic chemistry, a hydration reaction is a chemical reaction in which a hydroxyl group and a hydrogen cation are added to the two carbon atoms bonded together in the carbon-carbon double bond which makes up an alkene functional group. The reaction usually runs in a strong acidic, aqueous...
  
  
• Hydroamination
  Hydroamination
  The hydroamination reaction is the addition of an N-H bond across the C=C or C≡C bonds of an alkene or alkyne. This is a highly atom economical method of preparing substituted amines that are attractive targets for organic synthesis and the pharmaceutical industry.The hydroamination reaction is...
  
  
• Hydrodesulfurization
  Hydrodesulfurization
  Hydrodesulfurization is a catalytic chemical process widely used to remove sulfur from natural gas and from refined petroleum products such as gasoline or petrol, jet fuel, kerosene, diesel fuel, and fuel oils...
  
  
• Hydrogenolysis
  Hydrogenolysis
  Hydrogenolysis is a chemical reaction whereby a carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom single bond is cleaved or undergoes "lysis" by hydrogen. The heteroatom may vary, but it usually is oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur. A related reaction is hydrogenation, where hydrogen is added to the molecule, without...
  
  
• Hydrosilylation
  Hydrosilylation
  Hydrosilylation, also called catalytic hydrosilation, describes the addition of Si-H bonds across unsaturated bonds. Ordinarily the reaction is conducted catalytically and usually the substrates are unsaturated organic compounds. Alkenes and alkynes give alkyl and vinyl silanes; aldehydes and...
  
  
• Hinsberg indole synthesis
• Hinsberg oxindole synthesis
  Hinsberg oxindole synthesis
  The Hinsberg oxindole synthesis is a method of preparing oxindoles from the bisulfite adducts of glyoxal....
  
  
• Hinsberg reaction
  Hinsberg reaction
  The Hinsberg reaction is a chemical test for the detection of amines.It is an excellent test for distinguishing primary,secondary and tertiary amines.In this test, the amine is shaken well with Hinsberg reagent in the presence of aqueous alkali . A reagent containing an aqueous sodium hydroxide...
  
  
• Hinsberg separation
• Hinsberg sulfone synthesis
• Hoch-Campbell ethylenimine synthesis
• Hock rearrangement
• Hofmann degradation, Exhaustive methylation
• Hofmann elimination
  Hofmann elimination
  Hofmann elimination is a process where an amine is reacted to create a tertiary amine and an alkene by treatment with excess methyl iodide followed by treatment with silver oxide, water, and heat.After the first step, a quaternary ammonium iodide salt is created...
  
  
• Hofmann Isonitrile synthesis, Carbylamine reaction
  Carbylamine reaction
  The Carbylamine reaction is a chemical test for detection of primary amines. In this reaction, the analyte is heated with alcoholic potassium hydroxide and chloroform...
  
  
• Hofmann produkt
• Hofmann rearrangement
  Hofmann rearrangement
  The Hofmann rearrangement is the organic reaction of a primary amide to a primary amine with one fewer carbon atom.The reaction is named after its discoverer: August Wilhelm von Hofmann...
  
  
• Hofmann-Löffler reaction
  Hofmann-Löffler reaction
  The Hofmann-Löffler reaction is an organic reaction in which a cyclic amine 2 is generated by thermal or photochemical decomposition of N-halogenated amine 1 in the presence of a strong acid...
  
  , Löffler-Freytag reaction, Hofmann-Löffler-Freytag reaction
• Hofmann-Martius rearrangement
  Hofmann-Martius rearrangement
  The Hofmann–Martius rearrangement in organic chemistry is a rearrangement reaction converting an N-alkylated aniline to the corresponding ortho and / or para aryl-alkylated aniline...
  
  
• Hofmann's Rule
• Hofmann-Sand reaction
• Homo rearrangement of steroids
• Hooker reaction
  Hooker reaction
  In the Hooker reaction an alkyl chain in a certain naphthoquinone is reduced by one methylene unit as carbon dioxide in each potassium permanganate oxidation....
  
  
• Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction
  Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction
  The Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction is the chemical reaction of stabilized phosphonate carbanions with aldehydes to produce predominantly E-alkenes....
  
  
• Hoesch reaction
• Hosomi-Sakurai reaction
• Houben-Fischer synthesis
• Hudlicky fluorination
  Fluorination with aminosulfuranes
  Fluorination with aminosulfuranes is a chemical reaction that transforms oxidized organic compounds into organofluorine compounds. Aminosulfuranes selectively exchange hydroxyl groups for fluorine, but are also capable of converting carbonyl groups, halides, silyl ethers, and other functionality...
  
  
• Hunsdiecker reaction
  Hunsdiecker reaction
  The Hunsdiecker reaction is the organic reaction of silver salts of carboxylic acids with halogens to give organic halides. It is an example of a halogenation reaction...
  
  
• Hydroboration
• Hydrocarbon cracking
  Cracking (chemistry)
  In petroleum geology and chemistry, cracking is the process whereby complex organic molecules such as kerogens or heavy hydrocarbons are broken down into simpler molecules such as light hydrocarbons, by the breaking of carbon-carbon bonds in the precursors. The rate of cracking and the end products...
  
  
• Hydrohalogenation
  Hydrohalogenation
  A hydrohalogenation reaction is the electrophilic addition of hydrohalic acids like hydrogen chloride or hydrogen bromide to alkenes to yield the corresponding haloalkanes....
  
  

I

• Ing-Manske procedure
• Ipso substitution
• Ishikawa reagent
  Ishikawa reagent
  Ishikawa's reagent is a fluorinating reagent used in organic chemistry. It is used to convert alcohols into alkyl fluorides and carboxylic acids into acyl fluorides. Aldehydes and ketones do not react with it. The reagent consists of a mixture of N,N-diethyl-amine and...
  
  
• trans-cis isomerism
  Isomer
  In chemistry, isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas. Isomers do not necessarily share similar properties, unless they also have the same functional groups. There are many different classes of isomers, like stereoisomers, enantiomers, geometrical...
  
  
• Ivanov reagent, Ivanov reaction
  Ivanov reaction
  The Ivanov reaction is the chemical reaction of the dianions of aryl acetic acids with electrophiles, primarily carbonyl compounds or isocyanates...
  
  

J

• Jacobsen epoxidation
  Jacobsen epoxidation
  The Jacobsen Epoxidation, sometimes also referred to as Jacobsen-Katsuki Epoxidation is a chemical reaction which allows enantioselective epoxidation of unfunctionalized alkyl- and aryl- substituted olefins. It is complementary to the Sharpless epoxidation...
  
  
• Jacobsen rearrangement
  Jacobsen rearrangement
  The Jacobsen rearrangement is a chemical reaction, commonly described as the migration of an alkyl group in a sulfonic acid derived from a polyalkyl- or polyhalobenzene:...
  
  
• Janovsky reaction
• Japp-Klingemann reaction
  Japp-Klingemann reaction
  The Japp-Klingemann reaction is a chemical reaction used to synthesize hydrazones from β-keto-acids and aryl diazonium salts. The Reaction is named after the chemists Francis Robert Japp and Felix Klingemann....
  
  
• Japp-Maitland condensation
  Japp-Maitland condensation
  The Japp-Maitland condensation is an organic reaction and a type of Aldol reaction and a tandem reaction. In a reaction between the ketone 2-pentanone and the aldehyde benzaldehyde catalyzed by base the bis Aldol adduct is formed first...
  
  
• Johnson-Claisen rearrangement
• Jones oxidation
  Jones oxidation
  The Jones oxidation, is an organic reaction for the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to carboxylic acids and ketones, respectively. It is named after its discoverer, Sir Ewart Jones....
  
  
• Jordan-Ullmann-Goldberg synthesis
• Julia olefination
  Julia olefination
  The Julia olefination is the chemical reaction of phenyl sulfones with aldehydes to give alkenes after alcohol functionalization and reductive elimination using sodium amalgam or SmI2...
  
  
• Julia–Lythgoe olefination

K

• Kabachnik–Fields reaction
• Kharasch–Sosnovsky reaction
• Ketone halogenation
  Ketone halogenation
  In organic chemistry ketone halogenation is a special type of halogenation.The position alpha to the carbonyl group in a ketone is easily halogenated, due to the ability to form an enolate in basic solution, or an enol in acidic solution...
  
  
• Kiliani–Fischer synthesis
• Kindler reaction
• Kishner cyclopropane synthesis
• Knoevenagel condensation
  Knoevenagel condensation
  The Knoevenagel condensation reaction is an organic reaction named after Emil Knoevenagel. It is a modification of the Aldol condensation.A Knoevenagel condensation is a nucleophilic addition of an active hydrogen compound to a carbonyl group followed by a dehydration reaction in which a molecule...
  
  
• Knorr pyrazole synthesis
• Knorr pyrrole synthesis
  Knorr pyrrole synthesis
  The Knorr pyrrole synthesis is a widely used chemical reaction that synthesizes substituted pyrroles '. The method involves the reaction of an α-amino-ketone ' and a compound containing a methylene group α- to a carbonyl group '.-Method:The mechanism requires zinc and acetic acid as catalysts...
  
  
• Knorr quinoline synthesis
  Knorr quinoline synthesis
  The Knorr quinoline synthesis is an intramolecular organic reaction converting a β-ketoanilide to a 2-hydroxyquinoline using sulfuric acid. This reaction was first described by Ludwig Knorr in 1886...
  
  
• Koch–Haaf reaction
• Kochi reaction
  Kochi reaction
  The Kochi reaction is an organic reaction for the decarboxylation of carboxylic acids to alkyl halides with lead tetraacetate and a lithium chloride or other lithium salts .The reaction is a variation of the Hunsdiecker reaction....
  
  
• Koenigs–Knorr reaction
• Kolbe electrolysis
  Kolbe electrolysis
  Kolbe electrolysis or Kolbe reaction is an organic reaction named after Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe. The Kolbe reaction is formally a decarboxylative dimerisation and proceeds by a radical reaction mechanism...
  
  
• Kolbe–Schmitt reaction
• König method
• Kornblum oxidation
  Kornblum oxidation
  The Kornblum oxidation is a chemical reaction of a primary halide with dimethyl sulfoxide to form an aldehyde.Like all DMSO-based oxidations, the Kornblum oxidation creates an alkoxysulphonium ion, which, in the presence of a base, such as triethylamine , will eliminate to form the desired aldehyde....
  
  
• Kornblum–DeLaMare rearrangement
  Kornblum–DeLaMare rearrangement
  The Kornblum–DeLaMare rearrangement is a rearrangement reaction in organic chemistry in which a primary or secondary organic peroxide is converted to the corresponding ketone and alcohol under base catalysis...
  
  
• Kostanecki acylation
  Kostanecki acylation
  The Kostanecki acylation is a method used in organic synthesis to form chromones or coumarins by acylation of o-hydroxyaryl ketones with aliphatic acid anhydrides, followed by cyclization:-Mechanism:...
  
  
• Kowalski ester homologation
  Kowalski ester homologation
  The Kowalski ester homologation is a chemical reaction for the homologation of esters.This reaction was designed as a safer alternative to the Arndt-Eistert synthesis. The Kowalski reaction is named after its inventor, Conrad J. Kowalski....
  
  
• Krapcho decarboxylation
  Krapcho decarboxylation
  The Krapcho decarboxylation is the chemical reaction of esters with halide anions. The ester must contain an electron-withdrawing group in the beta position, such as β-ketoesters, malonic esters, α-cyanoesters, or α-sulfonylesters. It works best with methyl esters, since it is basically a...
  
  
• Kröhnke aldehyde synthesis
• Kröhnke oxidation
• Kröhnke pyridine synthesis
• Kucherov reaction
• Kuhn–Winterstein reaction
• Kulinkovich reaction
  Kulinkovich reaction
  The Kulinkovich reaction describes the organic synthesis of cyclopropanols via reaction of esters with dialkyldialkoxytitanium reagents, generated in situ from Grignard reagents bearing hydrogen in beta-position and titanium alkoxides such as titanium isopropoxide. This reaction was discovered by...
  
  
• Kumada coupling
  Kumada coupling
  A Kumada coupling or Kumada-Corriu coupling is a cross coupling reaction in organic chemistry between an alkyl or aryl Grignard reagent and an aryl or vinyl halocarbon catalysed by nickel or palladium. This reaction is relevant to organic synthesis because it gives access to styrene derivatives...
  
  

L

• Larock indole synthesis
  Larock indole synthesis
  The Larock indole synthesis is a chemical reaction used to synthesize indoles from ortho-iodoanilines and a disubstituted alkyne.An excess of alkyne, using palladium carbonate or palladium acetate and a base, and adding one equivalent of lithium chloride tend to give the best yields...
  
  
• Lebedev process
• Lehmstedt-Tanasescu reaction
  Lehmstedt-Tanasescu reaction
  The Lehmstedt-Tanasescu reaction is a method in organic chemistry for the organic synthesis of acridone derivatives from a 2-nitrobenzaldehyde and an arene compound :...
  
  
• Leimgruber-Batcho indole synthesis
  Leimgruber-Batcho indole synthesis
  The Leimgruber–Batcho indole synthesis is a series of organic reactions that produce indoles from o-nitrotoluenes 1. The first step is the formation of an enamine 2 using N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal and pyrrolidine...
  
  
• Letts nitrile synthesis
  Letts nitrile synthesis
  The Letts nitrile synthesis is the chemical reaction of aromatic carboxylic acids with metal thiocyanates to form nitriles.-References:# Letts, E. A. Ber. 1872, 5, 669.# Mowry, D. T. Chem. Rev. 1948, 42, 264....
  
  
• Leuckart reaction
  Leuckart reaction
  The Leuckart reaction is the chemical reaction of ammonium salts of formic acid with aldehydes to form amines by reductive amination. The reaction is named after Rudolf Leuckart....
  
  
• Leuckart thiophenol reaction
• Leuckart-Wallach reaction
• Leuckart amide synthesis
  Amide
  In chemistry, an amide is an organic compound that contains the functional group consisting of a carbonyl group linked to a nitrogen atom . The term refers both to a class of compounds and a functional group within those compounds. The term amide also refers to deprotonated form of ammonia or an...
  
  
• Levinstein process
• Ley oxidation
• Lieben iodoform reaction, Haloform reaction
  Haloform reaction
  The haloform reaction is a chemical reaction where a haloform is produced by the exhaustive halogenation of a methyl ketone in the presence of a base. R may be , alkyl or aryl...
  
  
• Liebeskind–Srogl coupling
• Liebig melamine synthesis
  Melamine
  Melamine is an organic base and a trimer of cyanamide, with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton. Like cyanamide, it contains 66% nitrogen by mass and, if mixed with resins, has fire retardant properties due to its release of nitrogen gas when burned or charred, and has several other industrial uses....
  
  
• Lindlar catalyst
  Lindlar catalyst
  A Lindlar catalyst is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate and treated with various forms of lead. The lead additive serves to deactivate the palladium sites. A variety of "catalyst poisons" have been used including lead acetate and lead oxide. The...
  
  
• Lobry–de Bruyn–van Ekenstein transformation
• Lossen rearrangement
  Lossen rearrangement
  The Lossen rearrangement is the conversion of a hydroxamic acid to an isocyanate via the formation of an O-acyl, sulfonyl, or phosphoryl intermediate hydroxamic acid O-derivative and then conversion to its conjugate base. Here, 4-Toluenesulfonyl chloride is used to form a sulfonyl O-derivative...
  
  
• Lucas' reagent
  Lucas' reagent
  Lucas' reagent is a solution of zinc chloride in concentrated hydrochloric acid. This solution is used to classify alcohols of low molecular weight. The reaction is a substitution in which the chloride replaces a hydroxyl group. A positive test is indicated by a change from colourless to turbid,...
  
  
• Luche reduction
  Luche reduction
  Luche reduction is the selective organic reduction of ketones to alcohols with lanthanoid chlorides such as cerium chloride and sodium borohydride. The Luche reduction can be conducted chemoselectively toward ketone in the presence of aldehyde or toward α,β-unsaturated ketone in the presence of...
  
  

M

• Maillard reaction
  Maillard reaction
  The Maillard reaction is a form of nonenzymatic browning similar to caramelization. It results from a chemical reaction between an amino acid and a reducing sugar, usually requiring heat....
  
  
• Madelung synthesis
  Madelung synthesis
  The Madelung synthesis is a chemical reaction that produces indoles by the intramolecular cyclization of N-phenylamides using strong base at high temperature....
  
  
• Malaprade reaction, Periodic acid oxidation
• Malonic ester synthesis
  Malonic ester synthesis
  The malonic ester synthesis is a chemical reaction where diethyl malonate or another ester of malonic acid is alkylated at the carbon alpha to both carbonyl groups, and then converted to a substituted acetic acid. The major drawback of malonic ester synthesis is that the alkylation stage can also...
  
  
• Mannich reaction
  Mannich reaction
  The Mannich reaction is an organic reaction which consists of an amino alkylation of an acidic proton placed next to a carbonyl functional group with formaldehyde and ammonia or any primary or secondary amine. The final product is a β-amino-carbonyl compound also known as a Mannich base...
  
  
• Markó–Lam deoxygenation
• Markovnikov's rule
  Markovnikov's rule
  In organic chemistry, Markovnikov's rule or Markownikoff's rule is an observation based on Zaitsev's rule. It was formulated by the Russian chemist Vladimir Vasilevich Markovnikov in 1870....
  
  , Markownikoff rule, Markownikow rule
• Martinet dioxindole synthesis
  Martinet dioxindole synthesis
  The Martinet dioxindole synthesis is a chemical reaction used to synthesize dioxindoles 3 from anilines and esters of mesoxalic acid 1.-Reaction mechanism:...
  
  
• McDougall monoprotection
• McFadyen–Stevens reaction
• McMurry reaction
  McMurry reaction
  The McMurry reaction is an organic reaction in which two ketone or aldehyde groups are coupled to an alkene using titanium chloride compound such as titanium chloride and a reducing agent. The reaction is named after its co-discoverer, John E. McMurry. The McMurry reaction originally involved the...
  
  
• Meerwein arylation
  Meerwein arylation
  The Meerwein arylation is an organic reaction involving the addition of an aryl diazonium salt to an electron-poor alkene usually supported by a metal salt. The reaction product is an alkylated arene compound...
  
  
• Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley reduction
• Meisenheimer rearrangement
• Meissenheimer complex
• Menshutkin reaction
  Menshutkin reaction
  The Menshutkin reaction in organic chemistry converts a tertiary amine to a quaternary ammonium salt by reaction with an alkyl halide:The reaction has been named after its discoverer, the Russian chemist Nikolai Menshutkin, who described the procedure in 1890...
  
  
• Metal-ion-catalyzed σ-bond rearrangement
• Mesylation
• Merckwald asymmetric synthesis
• Methylation
  Methylation
  In the chemical sciences, methylation denotes the addition of a methyl group to a substrate or the substitution of an atom or group by a methyl group. Methylation is a form of alkylation with, to be specific, a methyl group, rather than a larger carbon chain, replacing a hydrogen atom...
  
  
• Meyer and Hartmann reaction
• Meyer reaction
• Meyer synthesis
• Meyer–Schuster rearrangement
• Michael addition
• Michael addition, Michael system
• Michael condensation
• Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction
• Mignonac reaction
• Milas hydroxylation
  Milas hydroxylation
  The Milas hydroxylation is an organic reaction converting an alkene to a vicinal diol, and was developed by N. A. Milas in the 1930s. The cis-diol is formed by reaction of alkenes with hydrogen peroxide and either ultraviolet light or a catalytic osmium, vanadium, or chromium oxide.The reaction...
  
   of olefins
• Mitsunobu reaction
  Mitsunobu reaction
  The Mitsunobu reaction is an organic reaction that converts an alcohol into a variety of functional groups, such as an ester, using triphenylphosphine and an azodicarboxylate such as diethyl azodicarboxylate or diisopropyl azodicarboxylate . The alcohol undergoes an inversion of stereochemistry...
  
  
• Molisch's test
  Molisch's test
  Molisch's Test is a sensitive chemical test for the presence of carbohydrates, based on the dehydration of the carbohydrate by sulfuric acid to produce an aldehyde, which condenses with two molecules of phenol Molisch's Test (named after Austrian botanist Hans Molisch) is a sensitive chemical test...
  
  
• Mukaiyama aldol addition
  Mukaiyama aldol addition
  The Mukaiyama aldol addition is an organic reaction and a type of aldol reaction between a silyl enol ether and an aldehyde catalyzed by a Lewis acid. This choice of reactants allows for a crossed aldol reaction between an aldehyde and a ketone or a different aldehyde without self-condensation of...
  
  
• Mukaiyama reaction
• Myers' asymmetric alkylation

N

• Nametkin rearrangement
• Nazarov cyclization reaction
  Nazarov cyclization reaction
  The Nazarov cyclization reaction is a chemical reaction used in organic chemistry for the synthesis of cyclopentenones. The reaction is typically divided into classical and modern variants, depending on the reagents and substrates employed...
  
  
• Neber rearrangement
  Neber rearrangement
  The Neber rearrangement is an organic reaction in which an oxime is converted into an alpha-aminoketone in a rearrangement reaction.The oxime is first converted to a ketoxime tosylate by reaction with tosyl chloride...
  
  
• Nef reaction
  Nef reaction
  The Nef reaction is an organic reaction describing the acid hydrolysis of a salt of a primary or secondary nitroalkane to an aldehyde or a ketone and nitrous oxide ....
  
  
• Negishi coupling
  Negishi coupling
  The Negishi coupling is a cross coupling reaction in organic chemistry involving an organozinc compound, an organic halide and a nickel or palladium catalyst creating a new carbon-carbon covalent bond:* The halide X can be chloride, bromine or iodine but also a triflate or acetyloxy group with as...
  
  
• Negishi-Zipper reaction
• Nenitzescu indole synthesis
  Nenitzescu indole synthesis
  The Nenitzescu indole synthesis is a chemical reaction that forms 5-hydroxyindole derivatives from benzoquinone and β-aminocrotonic esters.-References:*Nenitzescu, C. D. Bull. Soc. Chim. Romania 1929, 11, 37....
  
  
• Nenitzescu reductive acylation
• Nicholas reaction
  Nicholas reaction
  The Nicholas reaction is an organic reaction where a dicobalt octacarbonyl-stabilized propargylic cation is reacted with a nucleophile. Oxidative demetallation gives the desired alkylated alkyne.Several reviews have been published.-Reaction mechanism:...
  
  
• Niementowski quinazoline synthesis
  Niementowski quinazoline synthesis
  The Niementowski quinazoline synthesis is the chemical reaction of anthranilic acids with amides to form 4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolines.-References:# Stefan Niementowski, v. J. Prakt. Chem. 1895, 51, 564....
  
  
• Niementowski quinoline synthesis
  Niementowski quinoline synthesis
  The Niementowski quinoline synthesis is the chemical reaction of anthranilic acids and ketones to form γ-hydroxyquinoline derivatives.Several reviews have been published.-See also:* Camps quinoline synthesis* Friedländer synthesis...
  
  
• Nierenstein reaction
  Nierenstein reaction
  The Nierenstein reaction is an organic reaction describing the conversion of an acid chloride into an haloketone with diazomethane. It is an insertion reaction in that the methylene from the diazomethane is inserted into the carbon-chlorine bond of the acid chloride.-Reaction mechanism:Like the...
  
  
• NIH shift
  NIH shift
  An NIH shift is a chemical rearrangement where a hydrogen atom on an aromatic ring undergoes an intramolecular migration primarily during a hydroxylation reaction. This process is also known as a 1,2-hydride shift. These shifts are often studied and observed by isotopic labeling...
  
  
• Ninhydrin test
  Ninhydrin
  Ninhydrin is a chemical used to detect ammonia or primary and secondary amines. When reacting with these free amines, a deep blue or purple color known as Ruhemann's purple is produced...
  
  
• Nitroaldol reaction
  Nitroaldol reaction
  The Henry Reaction is a classic carbon–carbon bond formation reaction in organic chemistry. Discovered in 1895 by L. Henry, it is the combination of a nitroalkane and an aldehyde or ketone in the presence of a base to form β-Nitro alcohols...
  
  
• Nitrone-olefin 3+2 cycloaddition
  Nitrone-olefin 3+2 cycloaddition
  The nitrone-olefin [3+2] cycloaddition reaction is the combination of a nitrone with an alkene or alkyne to generate an isoxazoline or isoxazolidine via a [3+2] cycloaddition process.-Introduction:...
  
  
• Normant reagents
• Noyori asymmetric hydrogenation
  Noyori asymmetric hydrogenation
  The Noyori asymmetric hydrogenation is a chemical reaction described as an asymmetric reduction of β-keto-esters.Both enantiomers of BINAP are commercially available and widely used...
  
  
• Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi nickel/chromium coupling reaction
• Nucleophilic acyl substitution
  Nucleophilic acyl substitution
  Nucleophilic acyl substitution describes the substitution reaction involving nucleophiles and acyl compounds. Acyl compounds are carboxylic acid derivatives including esters, amides and acid halides...
  
  

O

• Ohira–Bestmann reaction
• Olah reagent
  Olah reagent
  The Olah reagent is a nucleophilic fluorinating agent. It consists of a mixture of 70% hydrogen fluoride and 30% pyridine; alcohols react with this reagent to give alkyl fluorides:...
  
  
• Olefin metathesis
  Olefin metathesis
  Olefin metathesis or transalkylidenation is an organic reaction that entails redistribution of alkylene fragments by the scission of carbon - carbon double bonds in olefins . Its advantages include the creation of fewer sideproducts and hazardous wastes. Yves Chauvin, Robert H. Grubbs, and Richard R...
  
  
• Oppenauer oxidation
  Oppenauer oxidation
  Oppenauer oxidation, named after Rupert Viktor Oppenauer, is a gentle method for selectively oxidizing secondary alcohols to ketones.The reaction is the opposite of Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reduction. The alcohol is oxidized with aluminium isopropoxide in excess acetone...
  
  
• Ostromyslenskii reaction, Ostromisslenskii reaction
• Oxidative decarboxylation
• Oxo synthesis
• Oxy-Cope rearrangement
• Oxymercuration
• Oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones
  Oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones
  The oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones is an important oxidation reaction in organic chemistry.When a secondary alcohol is oxidised, it is converted to a ketone. The hydrogen from the hydroxyl group is lost along with the hydrogen bonded to the second carbon. The remaining oxygen then...
  
  
• Ozonolysis
  Ozonolysis
  Ozonolysis is the cleavage of an alkene or alkyne with ozone to form organic compounds in which the multiple carbon–carbon bond has been replaced by a double bond to oxygen...
  
  

P

• Paal-Knorr pyrrole synthesis
• Paal-Knorr synthesis
  Paal-Knorr synthesis
  The Paal–Knorr Synthesis in organic chemistry is a reaction that generates either furans, pyrroles, or thiophenes from 1,4-diketones. It is a synthetically valuable method for obtaining substituted furans and pyrroles, common structural components of many natural products...
  
  
• Paneth technique
• Passerini reaction
  Passerini reaction
  The Passerini reaction is a chemical reaction involving an isocyanide, an aldehyde , and a carboxylic acid to form a α-acyloxy amide. This organic reaction was discovered by Mario Passerini in 1921 in Florence, Italy...
  
  
• Paternò–Büchi reaction
• Pauson-Khand reaction
• Payne rearrangement
  Payne rearrangement
  The Payne rearrangement is the isomerization, under basic conditions, of 2,3-epoxy alcohols to isomeric 2,3-epoxy alcohols with inversion of configuration...
  
  
• Pechmann condensation
  Pechmann condensation
  The Pechmann condensation is a synthesis of coumarins, starting from a phenol and a carboxylic acid or ester containing a β-carbonyl group . The condensation is performed under acidic conditions. The mechanism involves an esterification/transesterification followed by attack of the activated...
  
  
• Pechmann pyrazole synthesis
• Pellizzari reaction
  Pellizzari reaction
  The Pellizzari reaction is the chemical reaction of an amide and a hydrazide to form a 1,2,4-triazole....
  
  
• Pelouze synthesis
• Peptide synthesis
  Peptide synthesis
  In organic chemistry, peptide synthesis is the production of peptides, which are organic compounds in which multiple amino acids are linked via amide bonds which are also known as peptide bonds...
  
  
• Perkin alicyclic synthesis
• Perkin reaction
  Perkin reaction
  The Perkin reaction is an organic reaction developed by William Henry Perkin that can be used to make cinnamic acids i.e. α-β-unsaturated aromatic acid by the aldol condensation of aromatic aldehydes and acid anhydrides in the presence of an alkali salt of the acid.Several reviews have been written....
  
  
• Perkin rearrangement
• Perkow reaction
  Perkow reaction
  The Perkow reaction is an organic reaction in which a trialkyl phosphite ester reacts with a haloketone to form a dialkyl vinyl phosphate and an alkyl halide....
  
  
• Petasis reaction
  Petasis reaction
  The Petasis reaction is the chemical reaction of an amine, aldehyde, and vinyl- or aryl-boronic acid to form substituted amines.Reported in 1993 by N.A. Petasis as a practical method towards the synthesis of a geometrically pure antifungal agent, naftifine, the Petasis reaction can be described as...
  
  
• Petasis reagent
  Petasis reagent
  The Petasis reagent is dimethyl titanocene, Cp2TiMe2, readily prepared by the reaction of methylmagnesium chloride or methyllithium with titanocene dichloride:...
  
  
• Peterson olefination
  Peterson olefination
  The Peterson olefination is the chemical reaction of α-silyl carbanions 1 with ketones to form a β-hydroxysilane 2 which eliminates to form alkenes 3.Several reviews have been published....
  
  
• Peterson reaction
• Petrenko-Kritschenko piperidone synthesis
  Petrenko-Kritschenko piperidone synthesis
  The Petrenko-Kritschenko reaction is a classic multicomponent name reaction that is closely related to the Robinson-Schöpf tropinone synthesis, but was published 12 years earlier.-Classic reaction:...
  
  
• Pfau-Plattner azulene synthesis
• Pfitzinger reaction
  Pfitzinger reaction
  The Pfitzinger reaction is the chemical reaction of isatin with base and a carbonyl compound to yield substituted quinoline-4-carboxylic acids.Several reviews have been published.-Reaction mechanism:...
  
  
• Pfitzner-Moffatt oxidation
  Pfitzner-Moffatt oxidation
  The Pfitzner–Moffatt oxidation, sometimes referred to as simply the Moffatt oxidation, is a chemical reaction which describes the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols by dimethyl sulfoxide activated with a carbodiimide, such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide...
  
  
• Piancatelli rearrangement
  Piancatelli rearrangement
  In 1976, The Italian chemist G. Piancatelli and co-workers develop a new method to synthesize the 4-hydroxycyclopentenone derivatives from suitable 2-furylcarbinols through an acid-catalyzed rearrangement ....
  
  
• Pictet-Gams isoquinoline synthesis
• Pictet-Hubert reaction
• Pictet-Spengler tetrahydroisoquinoline synthesis
• Pictet-Spengler reaction
  Pictet-Spengler reaction
  The Pictet–Spengler reaction is a chemical reaction in which a β-arylethylamine such as tryptamine undergoes ringclosure after condensation with an aldehyde or ketone. Usually an acidic catalyst is employed and the reaction mixture heated, but some reactive compounds give good yields even at...
  
  
• Piloty-Robinson pyrrole synthesis
• Pinacol coupling reaction
  Pinacol coupling reaction
  A pinacol coupling reaction is an organic reaction in which a carbon–carbon covalent bond is formed between the carbonyl groups of an aldehyde or a ketone in presence of an electron donor in a free radical process . The reaction product is a vicinal diol...
  
  
• Pinacol rearrangement
  Pinacol rearrangement
  The pinacol rearrangement or pinacol-pinacolone rearrangement is a method for converting a 1,2-diol to a carbonyl compound in organic chemistry. This 1,2-rearrangement takes place under acidic conditions...
  
  
• Pinner amidine synthesis
• Pinner method for ortho esters
• Pinner reaction
  Pinner reaction
  The Pinner reaction is an organic reaction of a nitrile with an alcohol under acid catalysis for instance hydrochloric acid. The product formed is the hydrochloric acid salt of an imino ester or an alkyl imidate, which sometimes is called a Pinner salt...
  
  
• Pinner triazine synthesis
• Piria reaction
• Pitzer strain
• Polonovski reaction
• Pomeranz-Fritsch reaction
• Ponzio reaction
• Prelog strain
  Prelog strain
  thumb|right|Cyclodecane in its lowest energy conformation. The red triangle indicates three hydrogens responsible for transannular strain. There is an identical interaction on the back of the molecule, as well. In organic chemistry, transannular strain is the unfavorable interactions of ring...
  
  
• Prevost reaction
  Prévost reaction
  The Prévost reaction is chemical reaction in which an alkene is converted by iodine and the silver salt of benzoic acid to a vicinal diol with anti stereochemistry...
  
  
• Prileschajew reaction
• Prilezhaev reaction
• Prins reaction
  Prins reaction
  The Prins reaction is an organic reaction consisting of an electrophilic addition of an aldehyde or ketone to an alkene or alkyne followed by capture of a nucleophile. The outcome of the reaction depends on reaction conditions . With water and a protic acid such as sulfuric acid as the reaction...
  
  
• Prinzbach synthesis
• Protecting group
  Protecting group
  A protecting group or protective group is introduced into a molecule by chemical modification of a functional group in order to obtain chemoselectivity in a subsequent chemical reaction...
  
  
• Pschorr reaction
• Pummerer rearrangement
  Pummerer rearrangement
  The Pummerer rearrangement is an organic reaction whereby an alkyl sulfoxide rearranges to an α-acyloxy–thioether in the presence of acetic anhydride. In this reaction, sulfur is reduced while adjacent carbon is oxidized....
  
  
• Purdie methylation, Irvine-Purdie methylation

R

• Ramberg-Backlund reaction
  Ramberg-Bäcklund reaction
  The Ramberg-Bäcklund Reaction is an organic reaction converting an α-halo sulfone into an alkene in presence of a base with extrusion of sulfur dioxide. The reaction is named after the two Swedish chemists Ludwig Ramberg and Birger Bäcklund. The carbanion formed by deprotonation gives an unstable...
  
  
• Raney-Nickel
• Rap-Stoermer condensation
• Raschig phenol process
• Rauhut–Currier reaction
• Racemization
  Racemization
  In chemistry, racemization refers to the converting of an enantiomerically pure mixture into a mixture where more than one of the enantiomers are present...
  
  
• Reductive amination
  Reductive amination
  Reductive amination is a form of amination that involves the conversion of a carbonyl group to an amine via an intermediate imine...
  
  
• Reductive dehalogenation of halo ketones
  Reductive dehalogenation of halo ketones
  Reductive dehalogenations of halo ketones are organic reactions that result in the formation of ketones and functionalized derivatives of ketones from α-halo ketones in the presence of metallic reducing agents.-Introduction:...
  
  
• Reed reaction
  Reed reaction
  The Reed reaction is a chemical reaction that utilizes light to oxidize hydrocarbons to sulfonyl chlorides. The reaction performs via the free radicals. First, the light makes a molecule of chlorine dissociate homolytically, then an chlorine atom produced attacks the hydrocarbon chain to form...
  
  
• Reformatskii reaction
  Reformatskii reaction
  The Reformatsky reaction is an organic reaction which condenses aldehydes , 1, with α-halo esters, 2, using a metallic zinc to form β-hydroxy-esters, 3...
  
  
• Reilly-Hickinbottom rearrangement
• Reimer-Tiemann reaction
  Reimer-Tiemann reaction
  The Reimer-Tiemann reaction is a chemical reaction used for the ortho-formylation of phenols. The reaction was discovered by Karl Ludwig Reimer and Ferdinand Tiemann...
  
  
• Reissert indole synthesis
  Reissert indole synthesis
  The Reissert indole synthesis is a series of chemical reactions designed to synthesize indole or substituted-indoles from ortho-nitrotoluene 1 and diethyl oxalate 2....
  
  
• Reissert reaction
  Reissert reaction
  The Reissert reaction is a series of chemical reactions that transforms quinoline to quinaldic acid. Quinolines will react with acid chlorides and potassium cyanide to give 1-acyl-2-cyano-1,2-dihydroquinolines, also known as Reissert compounds...
  
  , Reissert compound
• Reppe synthesis
• Retropinacol rearrangement
• Rieche formylation
  Rieche formylation
  Rieche formylation is a type of formylation reaction . The substrates are sterically hindered aromatic compounds - for example mesitylene - and the formylation reagent dichloromethyl methyl ether. The catalyst is titanium tetrachloride, the workup is acidic. The reaction is named after Alfred...
  
  
• Riemschneider thiocarbamate synthesis
  Riemschneider thiocarbamate synthesis
  The Riemschneider thiocarbamate synthesis produces aromatic thiocarbamates starting with the corresponding aromatic thiocyanate.500px|centerThe thiocyanate is treated with sulfuric acid and then hydrolyzed with ice water....
  
  
• Riley oxidations
• Rothemund synthesis
  Porphyrin
  Porphyrins are a group of organic compounds, many naturally occurring. One of the best-known porphyrins is heme, the pigment in red blood cells; heme is a cofactor of the protein hemoglobin. Porphyrins are heterocyclic macrocycles composed of four modified pyrrole subunits interconnected at...
  
  
• Ring closing metathesis
  Olefin metathesis
  Olefin metathesis or transalkylidenation is an organic reaction that entails redistribution of alkylene fragments by the scission of carbon - carbon double bonds in olefins . Its advantages include the creation of fewer sideproducts and hazardous wastes. Yves Chauvin, Robert H. Grubbs, and Richard R...
  
  
• Ring opening metathesis
  Olefin metathesis
  Olefin metathesis or transalkylidenation is an organic reaction that entails redistribution of alkylene fragments by the scission of carbon - carbon double bonds in olefins . Its advantages include the creation of fewer sideproducts and hazardous wastes. Yves Chauvin, Robert H. Grubbs, and Richard R...
  
  
• Ritter reaction
  Ritter reaction
  The Ritter reaction is a chemical reaction that transforms a nitrile into a N-alkyl amide using various alkylating reagents, for example, strong acid and isobutylene....
  
  
• Robinson annulation
  Robinson annulation
  The Robinson annulation is an organic reaction used to create a six-member ring α,β-unsaturated cyclic ketone, using a ketone and methyl vinyl ketone...
  
  
• Robinson-Gabriel synthesis
  Robinson-Gabriel synthesis
  The Robinson-Gabriel synthesis is a chemical reaction that forms oxazoles by dehydration of 2-acylamino-ketones.Historically, the dehydration agent is concentrated sulfuric acid. Recently, phosphorus oxychloride is successful with this reaction also....
  
  
• Robinson Schopf reaction
• Rosenmund reaction
• Rosenmund reduction
  Rosenmund reduction
  The Rosenmund reduction is a chemical reaction that reduces an acid halide to an aldehyde using hydrogen gas over palladium-on-carbon poisoned with barium sulfate...
  
  
• Rosenmund-von Braun synthesis
  Rosenmund-von Braun synthesis
  The Rosenmund-von Braun synthesis is an organic reaction in which an aryl halide reacts with cuprous cyanide to an aryl nitrile..The reaction was named after Karl Wilhelm Rosenmund who together with his Ph.D. student Erich Struck discovered in 1914 that aryl halide reacts with alcohol water...
  
  
• Rothemund reaction
• Rupe rearrangement
• Rubottom oxidation
  Rubottom oxidation
  The Rubottom oxidation is the chemical reaction of enolsilanes with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid to give silyl-protected α-hydroxy ketones.-Reaction mechanism:...
  
  
• Ruff-Fenton degradation
• Ruzicka large ring synthesis
  Ruzicka large ring synthesis
  The Ruzicka large ring synthesis or Ruzicka reaction or Ruzicka cyclization is an organic reaction in which a dicarboxylic acid is converted to a cyclic ketone at high temperature and a suitable catalyst such as thorium oxide...
  
  

S

• Sakurai reaction
  Sakurai reaction
  The Sakurai reaction is the chemical reaction of carbon electrophiles with allylic silanes catalyzed by strong Lewis acids. It is named after the chemists Akira Hosomi and Hideki Sakurai.Lewis acid activation is essential for complete reaction...
  
  
• Salol reaction
• Sandheimer
• Sandmeyer diphenylurea isatin synthesis
• Sandmeyer isonitrosoacetanilide isatin synthesis
• Sandmeyer reaction
  Sandmeyer reaction
  The Sandmeyer reaction is a chemical reaction used to synthesize aryl halides from aryl diazonium salts. It is named after the Swiss chemist Traugott Sandmeyer....
  
  
• Sanger reagent
• Saponification
  Saponification
  Saponification is a process that produces soap, usually from fats and lye. In technical terms, saponification involves base hydrolysis of triglycerides, which are esters of fatty acids, to form the sodium salt of a carboxylate. In addition to soap, such traditional saponification processes...
  
  
• Sarett oxidation
  Sarett oxidation
  The Sarett oxidation is the oxidation of an alcohol to a ketone or an aldehyde using chromium trioxide and pyridine. Primary alcohols will only be oxidised to the aldehyde and not on to carboxylic acids....
  
  
• Saytzeff rule, Saytzeff's Rule
• Schiemann reaction
  Schiemann reaction
  The Schiemann reaction is a chemical reaction in which anilines are transformed to aryl fluorides via diazonium fluoroborates...
  
  
• Schiff reaction
  Schiff base
  A Schiff base, named after Hugo Schiff, is a compound with a functional group that contains a carbon-nitrogen double bond with the nitrogen atom connected to an aryl or alkyl group, not hydrogen....
  
  
• Schiff test
  Schiff test
  The Schiff test invented and named after Hugo Schiff is a chemical test for the detection of aldehydes. An unknown sample is added to the decolorized Schiff reagent and when aldehyde is present a characteristic magenta or purple color develops. The Schiff reagent is the reaction product of...
  
  
• Schlenk equilibrium
  Schlenk equilibrium
  The Schlenk equilibrium is a chemical equilibrium named after its discoverer Wilhelm Schlenk taking place in solutions of Grignard reagents.The process described is an equilibrium between two equivalents of an alkyl or aryl magnesium halide on the left of the equation and on the right side, one...
  
  
• Schlosser modification
• Schlosser variant
• Schmidlin ketene synthesis
• Schmidt degradation
• Schmidt reaction
  Schmidt reaction
  The Schmidt reaction is an organic reaction involving alkyl migration over the carbon-nitrogen chemical bond in an azide with expulsion of nitrogen...
  
  
• Scholl reaction
  Scholl reaction
  The Scholl reaction is a coupling reaction between two arene compounds with the aid of a Lewis acid and a protic acid. It is named after its discoverer, Roland Scholl....
  
  
• Schorigin Shorygin reaction, Shorygin reaction, Wanklyn reaction
• Schotten-Baumann reaction
  Schotten-Baumann reaction
  The Schotten-Baumann reaction is a method to synthesise amides from amines and acid chlorides:Sometimes the name for this reaction is also used to indicate the reaction between an acid chloride and a alcohol to form an ester...
  
  
• Seliwanoff's test
  Seliwanoff's test
  Seliwanoff’s test is a chemical test which distinguishes between aldose and ketose sugars. Ketoses are distinguished from aldoses via their ketone/aldehyde functionality. If the sugar contains a ketone group, it is a ketose and if it contains an aldehyde group, it is an aldose...
  
  
• Semidine rearrangement
• Semmler-Wolff reaction
• Seyferth-Gilbert homologation
  Seyferth-Gilbert homologation
  The Seyferth–Gilbert homologation is a the chemical reaction of an aryl ketone 1 with dimethyl phosphonate 2 and potassium tert-butoxide to give substituted alkynes 3...
  
  
• Shapiro reaction
  Shapiro reaction
  The Shapiro reaction or tosylhydrazone decomposition is an organic reaction in which a ketone or aldehyde is converted to an alkene through an intermediate hydrazone in the presence of 2 equivalents of strong base. The reaction was discovered by Robert H. Shapiro in 1975...
  
  
• Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation
  Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation
  Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation is the chemical reaction of an alkene with osmium tetroxide in the presence of a chiral quinine ligand to form a vicinal diol....
  
  
• Sharpless epoxidation
  Sharpless epoxidation
  The Sharpless Epoxidation reaction is an enantioselective chemical reaction to prepare 2,3-epoxyalcohols from primary and secondary allylic alcohols....
  
  
• Sharpless oxyamination
  Sharpless oxyamination
  The Sharpless oxyamination is the chemical reaction of alkenes with alkyl imido osmium compounds to form vicinal amino-alcohols. A comprehensive review of this reaction was authored by McLeod et al. in 2002.Vicinal amino-alcohols are important products in organic synthesis and recurring...
  
   or aminohydroxylation
• Shenck ene reaction
  Ene reaction
  The Ene reaction is a chemical reaction between an alkene with an allylic hydrogen and a compound containing a multiple bond , in order to form a new σ-bond with migration of the ene double bond and 1,5 hydrogen shift. The product is a substituted alkene with the double bond shifted to the...
  
  
• Sigmatropic reaction
  Sigmatropic reaction
  A sigmatropic reaction in organic chemistry is a pericyclic reaction wherein the net result is one σ-bond is changed to another σ-bond in an uncatalyzed intramolecular process. The name sigmatropic is the result of a compounding of the long-established sigma designation from single carbon-carbon...
  
  
• Simmons-Smith reaction
  Simmons-Smith reaction
  The Simmons–Smith reaction is an organic cheletropic reaction in which a carbenoid reacts with an alkene to form a cyclopropane. It is named after Howard Ensign Simmons, Jr. and R. D. Smith...
  
  
• Simonini reaction
• Simonis chromone cyclization
• Simons process
  Electrochemical fluorination
  Electrochemical fluorination , or electrofluorination, is a foundational organofluorine chemistry method for the preparation of fluorocarbon-based organofluorine compounds. The general approach represents an application of electrosynthesis...
  
  
• Skraup chinolin synthesis
• Skraup reaction
  Skraup reaction
  The Skraup synthesis is a chemical reaction used to synthesize quinolines. It is named after the Czech chemist Zdenko Hans Skraup . In the archetypal Skraup, aniline is heated with sulfuric acid, glycerol, and an oxidizing agent, like nitrobenzene to yield quinoline.In this example, nitrobenzene...
  
  
• Smiles rearrangement
  Smiles rearrangement
  The Smiles rearrangement is an organic reaction and a rearrangement reaction. It is an intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution of the type:...
  
  
• S_NAr nucleophilic aromatic substitution
• SN1
• SN2
• SNi
  SNi
  SNi or Substitution Nucleophilic internal stands for a specific but not often encountered nucleophilic aliphatic substitution reaction mechanism. The name was introduced by Cowdrey et al...
  
  
• Solvolysis
  Solvolysis
  Solvolysis is a special type of nucleophilic substitution or elimination where the nucleophile is a solvent molecule. For certain nucleophiles, there are specific terms for the type of solvolysis reaction...
  
  
• Sommelet reaction
  Sommelet reaction
  The Sommelet reaction is an organic reaction in which a benzyl halide is converted to an aldehyde by action of hexamine and water..The reaction is formally an oxidation of the carbon...
  
  
• Sonn-Müller method
• Sonogashira coupling
  Sonogashira coupling
  In organic chemistry, a Sonogashira coupling is a coupling reaction of terminal alkynes with aryl or vinyl halides. This reaction was first reported by Kenkichi Sonogashira and Nobue Hagihara in 1975.-Catalyst:...
  
  
• Sørensen formol titration
  Sørensen formol titration
  The Sørensen formol titration invented by S. P. L. Sørensen in 1907 is a titration of an amino acid with formaldehyde in the presence of potassium hydroxide....
  
  
• Staedel-Rugheimer pyrazine synthesis
• Staudinger reaction
  Staudinger reaction
  The Staudinger reaction or Staudinger reduction is a chemical reaction in which the combination of an azide with a phosphine or phosphite produces an iminophosphorane intermediate. Combined with the hydrolysis of the aza-ylide to produce a phosphine oxide and an amine, this reaction is a mild...
  
  
• Stephen aldehyde synthesis
  Stephen aldehyde synthesis
  Stephen aldehyde synthesis, a named reaction in chemistry, was invented by Henry Stephen . This reaction involves the preparation of aldehydes from nitriles using tin chloride , hydrochloric acid and quenching the resulting iminium salt with water .Overall, the reaction scheme is as...
  
  
• Stetter reaction
  Stetter reaction
  The Stetter reaction is an organic reaction involving the nucleophile catalyzed conjugate addition of an aldehyde to a Michael acceptor such as an enone. The reaction product is a 1,4-dicarbonyl compound...
  
  
• Stevens rearrangement
  Stevens rearrangement
  The Stevens rearrangement in organic chemistry is an organic reaction converting quaternary ammonium salts and sulfonium salts to the corresponding amines or sulfides in presence of a strong base in a 1,2-rearrangement....
  
  
• Stieglitz rearrangement
  Stieglitz rearrangement
  The Stieglitz rearrangement is a rearrangement reaction of a trityl hydroxylamine Ar3CNHOH to a triaryl imine . The reaction is related to the Beckmann rearrangement as both reaction involve a carbon to nitrogen shift....
  
  
• Stille coupling
• Stobbe condensation
• Stollé synthesis
  Stollé synthesis
  The Stollé synthesis is a series of chemical reactions that produce oxindoles from anilines and α-haloacid chlorides . The first step is an amide coupling, while the second step is a Friedel-Crafts reaction. An improved procedure has been developed....
  
  
• Stork acylation
• Stork enamine alkylation
  Stork enamine alkylation
  Stork enamine alkylation, also known as the Stork-Enamine reaction, involves the addition of an enamine to an alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl acceptor in a process similar to the Michael reaction...
  
  
• Strecker amino acid synthesis
  Strecker amino acid synthesis
  The Strecker amino acid synthesis, devised by Adolph Strecker, is a series of chemical reactions that synthesize an amino acid from an aldehyde . The aldehyde is condensed with ammonium chloride in the presence of potassium cyanide to form an α-aminonitrile, which is subsequently hydrolyzed to give...
  
  
• Strecker degradation
  Strecker degradation
  The Strecker degradation is a chemical reaction which converts an α-amino acid into an aldehyde by an imine intermediate. It is named after Adolph Strecker, a German chemist.The original observation by Strecker involved the use of alloxan as the oxidant:...
  
  
• Strecker sulfite alkylation
• Strecker synthesis
• Suzuki coupling
• Swain equation
• Swarts reaction
• Swern oxidation
  Swern oxidation
  The Swern oxidation, named after Daniel Swern, is a chemical reaction whereby a primary or secondary alcohol is oxidized to an aldehyde or ketone using oxalyl chloride, dimethyl sulfoxide and an organic base, such as triethylamine...
  
  

T

• Tamao oxidation
• Tafel rearrangement
• Takai olefination
  Takai olefination
  Takai olefination in organic chemistry describes the organic reaction of an aldehyde with a diorganochromium compound to form an alkene. In the original 1986 publication the aldehyde is benzaldehyde and the organochromium species is generated from iodoform or bromoform and an excess of chromium...
  
  
• Tebbe olefination
• ter Meer reaction
• Thiele reaction
• Thiol-yne reaction
  Thiol-yne reaction
  The Thiol-yne reaction is an organic reaction between a thiol and an alkyne. The reaction product is an alkenyl sulfide...
  
  
• Thorpe reaction
  Thorpe reaction
  The Thorpe reaction is a chemical reaction described as a self-condensation of aliphatic nitriles catalyzed by base to form enamines. The reaction was discovered by Jocelyn Field Thorpe.-Thorpe–Ziegler reaction:...
  
  
• Tiemann rearrangement
• Tiffeneau ring enlargement reaction
• Tiffeneau-Demjanow rearrangement
• Tischtschenko reaction
• Tishchenko reaction
  Tishchenko reaction
  The Tishchenko reaction is a chemical reaction that involves disproportionation of an aldehyde lacking a hydrogen atom in the alpha position in the presence of an alkoxide. The reaction product is an ester. Catalysts are aluminium alkoxides or sodium alkoxides...
  
  , Tischischenko-Claisen reaction
• Tollens reagent
• Transfer hydrogenation
  Transfer hydrogenation
  Transfer hydrogenation is the addition of hydrogen to a molecule from a source other than gaseous H2. It is applied in industry and in organic synthesis, in part because of the inconvenience and expense of using gaseous H2...
  
  
• Trapp mixture
  Trapp mixture
  The Trapp mixture is a specific mixture of organic solvents for chemical reactions taking place at very low temperatures. The mixture THF:diethyl ether: pentane is a liquid down to -110 °C and the same mixture is liquid down to −120 °C. Note that pure THF melts at −108.4 °C.- References :#...
  
  
• Transesterification
  Transesterification
  In organic chemistry, transesterification is the process of exchanging the organic group R″ of an ester with the organic group R′ of an alcohol. These reactions are often catalyzed by the addition of an acid or base catalyst...
  
  
• Traube purine synthesis
• Truce-Smiles rearrangement
• Tscherniac-Einhorn reaction
• Tschitschibabin reaction
• Tschugajeff reaction
• Twitchell process
• Tyrer sulfonation process

U

• Ugi reaction
  Ugi reaction
  The Ugi reaction is a multi-component reaction in organic chemistry involving a ketone or aldehyde, an amine, an isocyanide and a carboxylic acid to form a bis-amide.The reaction is named after Ivar Karl Ugi, who first published this reaction in 1959....
  
  
• Ullmann reaction
  Ullmann reaction
  The Ullmann reaction or Ullmann coupling is a coupling reaction between aryl halides with copper. The reaction is named after Fritz Ullmann....
  
  
• Upjohn dihydroxylation
  Upjohn dihydroxylation
  Upjohn dihydroxylation is an organic reaction converting an alkene to a cis vicinal diol, and was developed by V. VanRheenen, R. C. Kelly and D. Y. Cha of the Upjohn Company, USA in 1976...
  
  
• Urech cyanohydrin method
• Urech hydantoin synthesis
  Urech hydantoin synthesis
  The Urech hydantoin synthesis is the chemical reaction of amino acids with potassium cyanate and hydrochloric acid to give hydantoins....
  
  

V

• Van Slyke determination
  Van Slyke determination
  The Van Slyke determination is a chemical test for the determination of amino acids containing a primary amine group. A sample is brought into contact with a solution of sodium nitrite in glycerol, water and acetic acid. The resulting diazotisation reaction produces nitrogen gas which can be...
  
  
• Varrentrapp reaction
  Varrentrapp reaction
  The Varrentrapp reaction is an organic reaction involving the chemical decomposition of an α,β-unsaturated acid into two other acid fragments by action of molten alkali. This reaction pioneered by F...
  
  
• Vilsmeier reaction
• Vilsmeier-Haack reaction
  Vilsmeier-Haack reaction
  The Vilsmeier–Haack reaction is the chemical reaction of a substituted amide with phosphorus oxychloride and an electron-rich arene to produce an aryl aldehyde or ketone . The reaction is named after Anton Vilsmeier and Albrecht Haack...
  
  
• Voight amination
• Volhard-Erdmann cyclization
  Volhard-Erdmann cyclization
  The Volhard-Erdmann cyclization is an organic synthesis of alkyl and aryl thiophenes by cyclization of disodium succinate or other 1,4-difunctional compounds with phosphorus heptasulfide.The reaction is named after Jacob Volhard and Hugo Erdmann.An example is the synthesis of 3-methylthiophene...
  
  
• von Braun amide degradation
  Von Braun amide degradation
  The Von Braun amide degradation is the chemical reaction of a monosubstituted amide with phosphorus pentachloride to give a nitrile and an organohalide....
  
  
• von Braun reaction
  Von Braun reaction
  The Von Braun reaction is an organic reaction in which a tertiary amine reacts with cyanogen bromide to an organocyanamide. An example is the reaction of dimethyl-α-naphthylamine :...
  
  
• von Richter cinnoline synthesis
• von Richter reaction
  Von Richter reaction
  The von Richter reaction is the chemical reaction of aromatic nitro compounds with potassium cyanide giving carboxylation ortho to the position of the former nitro group. The reaction is named after Victor von Richter.-Reaction mechanism:...
  
  

W

• Wacker-Tsuji oxidation
• Wagner-Jauregg reaction
  Wagner-Jauregg reaction
  The Wagner-Jauregg reaction is a classic organic reaction in organic chemistry, named after Theodor Wagner-Jauregg, describing the double Diels–Alder reaction of 2 equivalents of maleic anhydride with a 1,1-diarylethylene...
  
  
• Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement
  Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement
  A Wagner–Meerwein rearrangement is a class of carbocation 1,2-rearrangement reactions in which a hydrogen, alkyl or aryl group migrates from one carbon to a neighboring carbon.Several reviews have been published....
  
  
• Walden inversion
  Walden inversion
  Walden inversion is the inversion of a chiral center in a molecule in a chemical reaction. Since a molecule can form two enantiomers around a chiral center, the Walden inversion converts the configuration of the molecule from one enantiomeric form to the other. For example, in a SN2 reaction,...
  
  
• Wallach rearrangement
  Wallach rearrangement
  The Wallach rearrangement, named after Otto Wallach, is an organic reaction and a rearrangement reaction converting an aromatic azoxy compound with sulfuric acid to an azo compound with one arene ring substituted by an hydroxyl group in the aromatic para position.60% to 100% sulfuric acid is...
  
  
• Weerman degradation
  Weerman degradation
  The Weerman degradation is an organic reaction in carbohydrate chemistry in which an aldonamide is degraded by sodium hypochlorite, forming a new sugar with one less carbon. The reaction is named after R.A. Weerman...
  
  
• Weinreb ketone synthesis
  Weinreb ketone synthesis
  The Weinreb ketone synthesis is a chemical reaction used in organic chemistry to make carbon–carbon bonds. It was discovered in 1981 by Steven M. Weinreb and Steven Nahm as a method to synthesize ketones...
  
  
• Wenker ring closure
• Wenker synthesis
  Wenker synthesis
  The Wenker synthesis is an organic reaction converting a beta amino alcohol to an aziridine with the aid of sulfuric acid.The original Wenker synthesis of aziridine itself takes place in two steps...
  
  
• Wessely-Moser rearrangement
• Westphalen-Lettré rearrangement
  Westphalen-Lettré rearrangement
  The Westphalen–Lettré rearrangement is a classic organic reaction in organic chemistry describing a rearrangement reaction of cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol diacetate with acetic anhydride and sulfuric acid. In this reaction one equivalent of water is lost, a double bond is formed at C10-C11 and...
  
  
• Wharton reaction
  Wharton reaction
  The Wharton reaction is the chemical reaction of α,β-epoxy-ketones with hydrazine to give allylic alcohols. It can be used to synthesize carenol compounds.Dupuy has developed an improved procedure.-Reaction mechanism:...
  
  
• Whiting reaction
  Whiting reaction
  The Whiting reaction is an organic reaction converting a propargyl diol into a diene using lithium aluminium hydride.This organic reduction has been applied in the synthesis of fecapentaene....
  
  
• Wichterle reaction
• Widman-Stoermer synthesis
• Wilkinson catalyst
• Willgerodt rearrangement
  Willgerodt rearrangement
  The Willgerodt rearrangement or Willgerodt reaction is an organic reaction converting an aryl alkyl ketone to the corresponding amide by reaction with ammonium polysulfide, named after Conrad Willgerodt. The formation of the corresponding carboxylic acid is a side reaction...
  
  
• Willgerodt-Kindler reaction
• Williamson ether synthesis
  Williamson ether synthesis
  The Williamson ether synthesis is an organic reaction, forming an ether from an organohalide and an alcohol. This reaction was developed by Alexander Williamson in 1850. Typically it involves the reaction of an alkoxide ion with a primary alkyl halide via an SN2 reaction...
  
  
• Winstein reaction
• Wittig reaction
  Wittig reaction
  The Wittig reaction is a chemical reaction of an aldehyde or ketone with a triphenyl phosphonium ylide to give an alkene and triphenylphosphine oxide....
  
  
• Wittig rearrangement
• Wittig-Horner reaction
• Wohl degradation
  Wohl degradation
  The Wohl degradation in carbohydrate chemistry is a chain contraction method for aldoses. The classic example is the conversion of glucose to arabinose as shown below. The reaction is named after the chemist Alfred Wohl....
  
  
• Wohl-Aue reaction
  Wohl-Aue reaction
  The Wohl-Aue reaction is an organic reaction between an aromatic nitro compound and an aniline to form a phenazine in presence of an alkali base. An example is the reaction between nitrobenzene and aniline:The reaction is named after Alfred Wohl and W. Aue....
  
  
• Wohler synthesis
  Wöhler synthesis
  rightThe Wöhler synthesis is the conversion of ammonium cyanate into urea. This chemical reaction was discovered in 1828 by Friedrich Wöhler in an attempt to synthesize ammonium cyanate. It is considered the starting point of modern organic chemistry. Although the Wöhler reaction concerns the...
  
  
• Wohl-Ziegler reaction
  Wohl-Ziegler reaction
  The Wohl-Ziegler reactionis a chemical reaction that involves the allylic or benzylic bromination of hydrocarbons using an N-bromoimide and a radical initiator.Best yields are achieved with N-bromosuccinimide in carbon tetrachloride solvent...
  
  
• Wolffenstein-Böters reaction
  Wolffenstein-Böters reaction
  The Wolffenstein-Böters reaction is an organic reaction converting benzene to picric acid by a mixture of aqueous nitric acid and mercury nitrate....
  
  
• Wolff rearrangement
  Wolff rearrangement
  The Wolff rearrangement is a rearrangement reaction converting a α-diazo-ketone into a ketene. This reaction was first reported by Ludwig Wolff in 1912....
  
  
• Wolff-Kishner reduction
  Wolff-Kishner reduction
  The Wolff–Kishner reduction is a chemical reaction that fully reduces a ketone to an alkane.The method originally involved heating the hydrazine with sodium ethoxide in a sealed vessel at about 180 °C. Other bases have been found equally effective...
  
  
• Woodward cis-hydroxylation
  Woodward cis-hydroxylation
  The Woodward cis-hydroxylation is the chemical reaction of alkenes with iodine and silver acetate in wet acetic acid to form cis-diols. The reaction is named after its discoverer, Robert Burns Woodward....
  
  
• Woodward-Hoffmann rule
• Wulff-Dötz reaction
• Wurtz coupling, Wurtz reaction
  Wurtz reaction
  The Wurtz reaction, named after Charles-Adolphe Wurtz, is a coupling reaction in organic chemistry, organometallic chemistry and recently inorganic main group polymers, whereby two alkyl halides are reacted with sodium to form a new carbon-carbon bond:...
  
  
• Wurtz-Fittig reaction
  Wurtz-Fittig reaction
  The Wurtz-Fittig reaction is the chemical reaction of aryl halides with alkyl halides and sodium metal to give substituted aromatic compounds....
  
  

Z

• Zeisel determination
  Zeisel determination
  The Zeisel determination or Zeisel test is a chemical test for the presence of esters or ethers in a chemical substance. It is named after the Czech chemist Simon Zeisel . In a qualitative test a sample is first reacted with a mixture of acetic acid and hydriodic acid in a test tube...
  
  
• Zerevitinov determination, Zerewitinoff determination
  Zerewitinoff determination
  The Zerewitinoff determination or Zerevitinov determination is a quantitative chemical test for the determination of active hydrogens in a chemical substance. A sample is treated with the Grignard reagent, methylmagnesium iodide, which reacts with any acidic hydrogen atom to form methane. This gas...
  
  
• Ziegler condensation
• Ziegler method
• Zimmermann reaction
• Zincke disulfide cleavage
• Zinke nitration
  Zinke nitration
  The Zincke nitration is an organic reaction in which a bromine substituent of a phenol or cresol is replaced by a nitro group by treatment with nitrous acid or sodium nitrite. The reaction is a manifestation of nucleophilic aromatic substitution...
  
  
• Zincke reaction
  Zincke reaction
  The Zincke reaction is an organic reaction in which a pyridine is transformed into a pyridinium salt by reaction with 2,4-dinitro-chlorobenzene and a primary amine, named after Theodor Zincke....
  
  
• Zincke-Suhl reaction
  Zincke-Suhl reaction
  The Zincke-Suhl reaction is a special case of a Friedel-Crafts alkylation and was first described by Theodor Zincke and Suhl.The classic example of this reaction is the conversion of p-cresol to a cyclohexadienone . Melvin Newman, a scientist from the U.S...
  
  
• Zinin reduction

See also

• List of organic compounds
• List of inorganic compounds
• Named inorganic compounds
• List of biomolecules
• List of minerals

External links

• http://www.organic-chemistry.org/namedreactions/
• http://www.synarchive.com/reaction
• http://www.chem.wisc.edu/areas/reich/handouts/NameReagents/namedreag-cont.htm